{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Caroline+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=list","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Caroline+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=2\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Caroline+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=3\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":3,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":26,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi04008","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book,              \n1940-1949","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04008#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04008#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eBowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book, 1940-1949. The volume contains an expense ledger for the Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Department, 1940-1942 (includes index); and Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company minutes, 1947-1949. The minutes include the names of twenty men who formed the company 1947 Aug. 19, and the election of officers 1947 Aug. 22. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04008#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04008","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04008","_root_":"vi_vi04008","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04008","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04008.xml","title_ssm":["Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book,              \n1940-1949"],"title_tesim":["Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book,              \n1940-1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1104727"],"text":["1104727","Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book,              \n1940-1949","Volunteer fire departments--Virginia--Bowling Green.","Ledgers (account books)--Virginia--Caroline County.","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County.","Minutes--Virginia--Caroline County.","Organization records--Virginia--Caroline County.","1 volume (275 p.)","There are no restrictions.\n","Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added later.\n","Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book, 1940-1949. The volume contains an expense ledger for the Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Department, 1940-1942 (includes index); and Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company minutes, 1947-1949. The minutes include the names of twenty men who formed the company 1947 Aug. 19, and the election of officers 1947 Aug. 22.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Caroline County (Va.)--Circuit Court.","Bowling Green (Va.) Volunteer Fire Company.","Bowling Green (Va.) Volunteer Fire Department.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1104727"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book,              \n1940-1949"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book,              \n1940-1949"],"collection_ssim":["Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book,              \n1940-1949"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of records from Caroline County.   \n","This collection is located at the State Records Center. Contact Archives Research Services for access information, directions, and hours.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Volunteer fire departments--Virginia--Bowling Green.","Ledgers (account books)--Virginia--Caroline County.","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County.","Minutes--Virginia--Caroline County.","Organization records--Virginia--Caroline County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Volunteer fire departments--Virginia--Bowling Green.","Ledgers (account books)--Virginia--Caroline County.","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County.","Minutes--Virginia--Caroline County.","Organization records--Virginia--Caroline County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 volume (275 p.)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added later.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book, 1940-1949. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book, 1940-1949. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book, 1940-1949. The volume contains an expense ledger for the Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Department, 1940-1942 (includes index); and Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company minutes, 1947-1949. The minutes include the names of twenty men who formed the company 1947 Aug. 19, and the election of officers 1947 Aug. 22.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book, 1940-1949. The volume contains an expense ledger for the Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Department, 1940-1942 (includes index); and Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company minutes, 1947-1949. The minutes include the names of twenty men who formed the company 1947 Aug. 19, and the election of officers 1947 Aug. 22.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.)--Circuit Court.","Bowling Green (Va.) Volunteer Fire Company.","Bowling Green (Va.) Volunteer Fire Department."],"corpname_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.)--Circuit Court.","Bowling Green (Va.) Volunteer Fire Company.","Bowling Green (Va.) 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It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added later.\n","Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book, 1940-1949. The volume contains an expense ledger for the Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Department, 1940-1942 (includes index); and Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company minutes, 1947-1949. The minutes include the names of twenty men who formed the company 1947 Aug. 19, and the election of officers 1947 Aug. 22.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Caroline County (Va.)--Circuit Court.","Bowling Green (Va.) Volunteer Fire Company.","Bowling Green (Va.) Volunteer Fire Department.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1104727"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book,              \n1940-1949"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book,              \n1940-1949"],"collection_ssim":["Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book,              \n1940-1949"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of records from Caroline County.   \n","This collection is located at the State Records Center. Contact Archives Research Services for access information, directions, and hours.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Volunteer fire departments--Virginia--Bowling Green.","Ledgers (account books)--Virginia--Caroline County.","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County.","Minutes--Virginia--Caroline County.","Organization records--Virginia--Caroline County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Volunteer fire departments--Virginia--Bowling Green.","Ledgers (account books)--Virginia--Caroline County.","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County.","Minutes--Virginia--Caroline County.","Organization records--Virginia--Caroline County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 volume (275 p.)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added later.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book, 1940-1949. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book, 1940-1949. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book, 1940-1949. The volume contains an expense ledger for the Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Department, 1940-1942 (includes index); and Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company minutes, 1947-1949. The minutes include the names of twenty men who formed the company 1947 Aug. 19, and the election of officers 1947 Aug. 22.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book, 1940-1949. The volume contains an expense ledger for the Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Department, 1940-1942 (includes index); and Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company minutes, 1947-1949. The minutes include the names of twenty men who formed the company 1947 Aug. 19, and the election of officers 1947 Aug. 22.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.)--Circuit Court.","Bowling Green (Va.) Volunteer Fire Company.","Bowling Green (Va.) Volunteer Fire Department."],"corpname_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.)--Circuit Court.","Bowling Green (Va.) Volunteer Fire Company.","Bowling Green (Va.) Volunteer Fire Department."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:33:07.840Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04008"}},{"id":"vi_vi05120","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Caroline County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1888","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05120#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05120#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888, consist of one folder of Mental Health Records. These include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05120#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05120","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05120","_root_":"vi_vi05120","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05120","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05120.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1888"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1888"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1116117\n"],"text":["1116117\n","Caroline County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1888","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Caroline County.","Mental health facilities--Virginia.","Mental illness--Virginia--Caroline County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Caroline County.","Slaves--Virginia--Caroline County.","Health and medical records--Virginia--Caroline County.","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological by entry date. \n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the Virginia House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green.\n","Additional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","Caroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site.","Caroline County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888, consist of one folder of Mental Health Records. These include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n","Cases of interest: William Redd (1802) Estate inventory references 22 unnamed enslaved people, and the hospital in Williamsburg; James West (1808) Estate inventory references seven-year-old enslaved boy, whose name is illegible.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1116117\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1888"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1888"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1888"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) 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The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the Virginia House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.). Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.). Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/whatwehave/local/lost/\"\u003eLost Records Localities Database\u003c/extref\u003e found at the Library of Virginia web site.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","Caroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888, consist of one folder of Mental Health Records. These include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCases of interest: William Redd (1802) Estate inventory references 22 unnamed enslaved people, and the hospital in Williamsburg; James West (1808) Estate inventory references seven-year-old enslaved boy, whose name is illegible.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888, consist of one folder of Mental Health Records. These include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n","Cases of interest: William Redd (1802) Estate inventory references 22 unnamed enslaved people, and the hospital in Williamsburg; James West (1808) Estate inventory references seven-year-old enslaved boy, whose name is illegible.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:37:23.736Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05120","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05120","_root_":"vi_vi05120","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05120","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05120.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1888"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1888"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1116117\n"],"text":["1116117\n","Caroline County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1888","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Caroline County.","Mental health facilities--Virginia.","Mental illness--Virginia--Caroline County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Caroline County.","Slaves--Virginia--Caroline County.","Health and medical records--Virginia--Caroline County.","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological by entry date. \n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the Virginia House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green.\n","Additional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","Caroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site.","Caroline County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888, consist of one folder of Mental Health Records. These include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n","Cases of interest: William Redd (1802) Estate inventory references 22 unnamed enslaved people, and the hospital in Williamsburg; James West (1808) Estate inventory references seven-year-old enslaved boy, whose name is illegible.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1116117\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1888"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1888"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1888"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This item came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Caroline County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Caroline County.","Mental health facilities--Virginia.","Mental illness--Virginia--Caroline County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Caroline County.","Slaves--Virginia--Caroline County.","Health and medical records--Virginia--Caroline County.","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Caroline County.","Mental health facilities--Virginia.","Mental illness--Virginia--Caroline County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Caroline County.","Slaves--Virginia--Caroline County.","Health and medical records--Virginia--Caroline County.","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["1 folder"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by entry date. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by entry date. \n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the Virginia House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the Virginia House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.). Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.). Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/whatwehave/local/lost/\"\u003eLost Records Localities Database\u003c/extref\u003e found at the Library of Virginia web site.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","Caroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888, consist of one folder of Mental Health Records. These include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCases of interest: William Redd (1802) Estate inventory references 22 unnamed enslaved people, and the hospital in Williamsburg; James West (1808) Estate inventory references seven-year-old enslaved boy, whose name is illegible.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888, consist of one folder of Mental Health Records. These include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n","Cases of interest: William Redd (1802) Estate inventory references 22 unnamed enslaved people, and the hospital in Williamsburg; James West (1808) Estate inventory references seven-year-old enslaved boy, whose name is illegible.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:37:23.736Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05120"}},{"id":"vi_vi06329","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, \n1826","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06329#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06329#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06329#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi06329","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06329","_root_":"vi_vi06329","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06329","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06329.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, \n1826"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, \n1826"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":[""],"text":["","Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, \n1826",".","Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures,1826 are digitized and available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n","This collection is arranged\n","Series I: Apprenticeship Indentures, 1826,  arranged chronologically"," arranged chronologically\n","Context for Record Type:  In 1765, the General Assembly established that illegitimate children of \"woman servants, Negroes, white women by Negroes were to be bound out\" until the age of 21 for males and 18 for females. In the late eighteenth century, the General Assembly established the Overseers of the Poor, an appointed body that provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for people who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them and those who were orphaned through apprenticeship contracts. These agreements arranged for white children to be taught a trade or domestic skills as well as educated in reading, writing, and arithmetic. In 1805, the General Assembly amended the previous act to no longer require the master of \"black or mulatto orphans\" to teach reading, writing, or arithmetic, with the intent that this would prevent Black children from learning these skills.","Locality History:  Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763.","Lost Locality Note:  Created in 1728. Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists. ","The Apprenticeship indentures,1826, were originally described as part of the Caroline County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, but were removed to the present Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, in June 2024"," Additional apprentice indentures may be located in the Caroline County (Va.) Judgments or Caroline County (Va.) Papers Ended. Both of these record sets are largely unprocessed. ","These records have been processed, scanned, and indexed by L. Neuroth and other LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.","Encoded by M. Mason, June 2024","\nSee also:  Caroline County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1788-1864","Records related to free and enslaved people of Caroline County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Caroline County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Caroline County (Va.)is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the \n Lost Records Localities Digital Collection    on the Library of Virginia website. ","Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1826, consist of one record calling for Robert Mallory to appear at the next court to present any evidence as to why the \"indentures made by the overseers of this county binding the said Beverly [a \"free boy of colour\"] as an apprentice to the said Mallory should not be revoked and overtured.\"\n","There are no restrictions.\n","","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":[""],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, \n1826"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, \n1826"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, \n1826"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfer of court papers from Caroline County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures,1826 are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures,1826 are digitized and available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Apprenticeship Indentures, 1826,  arranged chronologically\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003e arranged chronologically\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged\n","Series I: Apprenticeship Indentures, 1826,  arranged chronologically"," arranged chronologically\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e In 1765, the General Assembly established that illegitimate children of \"woman servants, Negroes, white women by Negroes were to be bound out\" until the age of 21 for males and 18 for females. In the late eighteenth century, the General Assembly established the Overseers of the Poor, an appointed body that provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for people who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them and those who were orphaned through apprenticeship contracts. These agreements arranged for white children to be taught a trade or domestic skills as well as educated in reading, writing, and arithmetic. In 1805, the General Assembly amended the previous act to no longer require the master of \"black or mulatto orphans\" to teach reading, writing, or arithmetic, with the intent that this would prevent Black children from learning these skills.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Created in 1728. Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  In 1765, the General Assembly established that illegitimate children of \"woman servants, Negroes, white women by Negroes were to be bound out\" until the age of 21 for males and 18 for females. In the late eighteenth century, the General Assembly established the Overseers of the Poor, an appointed body that provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for people who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them and those who were orphaned through apprenticeship contracts. These agreements arranged for white children to be taught a trade or domestic skills as well as educated in reading, writing, and arithmetic. In 1805, the General Assembly amended the previous act to no longer require the master of \"black or mulatto orphans\" to teach reading, writing, or arithmetic, with the intent that this would prevent Black children from learning these skills.","Locality History:  Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763.","Lost Locality Note:  Created in 1728. Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship indentures,1826. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship indentures,1826. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Apprenticeship indentures,1826, were originally described as part of the Caroline County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, but were removed to the present Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, in June 2024\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Additional apprentice indentures may be located in the Caroline County (Va.) Judgments or Caroline County (Va.) Papers Ended. Both of these record sets are largely unprocessed. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records have been processed, scanned, and indexed by L. Neuroth and other LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by M. Mason, June 2024\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Apprenticeship indentures,1826, were originally described as part of the Caroline County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, but were removed to the present Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, in June 2024"," Additional apprentice indentures may be located in the Caroline County (Va.) Judgments or Caroline County (Va.) Papers Ended. Both of these record sets are largely unprocessed. ","These records have been processed, scanned, and indexed by L. Neuroth and other LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.","Encoded by M. Mason, June 2024"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi04783.xml\"\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1788-1864\u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Caroline County (Va.) and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Caroline County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.)is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the \n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection  \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["\nSee also:  Caroline County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1788-1864","Records related to free and enslaved people of Caroline County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Caroline County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Caroline County (Va.)is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the \n Lost Records Localities Digital Collection    on the Library of Virginia website. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1826, consist of one record calling for Robert Mallory to appear at the next court to present any evidence as to why the \"indentures made by the overseers of this county binding the said Beverly [a \"free boy of colour\"] as an apprentice to the said Mallory should not be revoked and overtured.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1826, consist of one record calling for Robert Mallory to appear at the next court to present any evidence as to why the \"indentures made by the overseers of this county binding the said Beverly [a \"free boy of colour\"] as an apprentice to the said Mallory should not be revoked and overtured.\"\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":[""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:09:47.687Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06329","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06329","_root_":"vi_vi06329","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06329","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06329.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, \n1826"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, \n1826"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":[""],"text":["","Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, \n1826",".","Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures,1826 are digitized and available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n","This collection is arranged\n","Series I: Apprenticeship Indentures, 1826,  arranged chronologically"," arranged chronologically\n","Context for Record Type:  In 1765, the General Assembly established that illegitimate children of \"woman servants, Negroes, white women by Negroes were to be bound out\" until the age of 21 for males and 18 for females. In the late eighteenth century, the General Assembly established the Overseers of the Poor, an appointed body that provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for people who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them and those who were orphaned through apprenticeship contracts. These agreements arranged for white children to be taught a trade or domestic skills as well as educated in reading, writing, and arithmetic. In 1805, the General Assembly amended the previous act to no longer require the master of \"black or mulatto orphans\" to teach reading, writing, or arithmetic, with the intent that this would prevent Black children from learning these skills.","Locality History:  Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763.","Lost Locality Note:  Created in 1728. Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists. ","The Apprenticeship indentures,1826, were originally described as part of the Caroline County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, but were removed to the present Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, in June 2024"," Additional apprentice indentures may be located in the Caroline County (Va.) Judgments or Caroline County (Va.) Papers Ended. Both of these record sets are largely unprocessed. ","These records have been processed, scanned, and indexed by L. Neuroth and other LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.","Encoded by M. Mason, June 2024","\nSee also:  Caroline County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1788-1864","Records related to free and enslaved people of Caroline County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Caroline County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Caroline County (Va.)is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the \n Lost Records Localities Digital Collection    on the Library of Virginia website. ","Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1826, consist of one record calling for Robert Mallory to appear at the next court to present any evidence as to why the \"indentures made by the overseers of this county binding the said Beverly [a \"free boy of colour\"] as an apprentice to the said Mallory should not be revoked and overtured.\"\n","There are no restrictions.\n","","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":[""],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, \n1826"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, \n1826"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, \n1826"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfer of court papers from Caroline County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures,1826 are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures,1826 are digitized and available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Apprenticeship Indentures, 1826,  arranged chronologically\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003e arranged chronologically\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged\n","Series I: Apprenticeship Indentures, 1826,  arranged chronologically"," arranged chronologically\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e In 1765, the General Assembly established that illegitimate children of \"woman servants, Negroes, white women by Negroes were to be bound out\" until the age of 21 for males and 18 for females. In the late eighteenth century, the General Assembly established the Overseers of the Poor, an appointed body that provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for people who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them and those who were orphaned through apprenticeship contracts. These agreements arranged for white children to be taught a trade or domestic skills as well as educated in reading, writing, and arithmetic. In 1805, the General Assembly amended the previous act to no longer require the master of \"black or mulatto orphans\" to teach reading, writing, or arithmetic, with the intent that this would prevent Black children from learning these skills.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Created in 1728. Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  In 1765, the General Assembly established that illegitimate children of \"woman servants, Negroes, white women by Negroes were to be bound out\" until the age of 21 for males and 18 for females. In the late eighteenth century, the General Assembly established the Overseers of the Poor, an appointed body that provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for people who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them and those who were orphaned through apprenticeship contracts. These agreements arranged for white children to be taught a trade or domestic skills as well as educated in reading, writing, and arithmetic. In 1805, the General Assembly amended the previous act to no longer require the master of \"black or mulatto orphans\" to teach reading, writing, or arithmetic, with the intent that this would prevent Black children from learning these skills.","Locality History:  Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763.","Lost Locality Note:  Created in 1728. Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship indentures,1826. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship indentures,1826. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Apprenticeship indentures,1826, were originally described as part of the Caroline County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, but were removed to the present Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, in June 2024\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Additional apprentice indentures may be located in the Caroline County (Va.) Judgments or Caroline County (Va.) Papers Ended. Both of these record sets are largely unprocessed. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records have been processed, scanned, and indexed by L. Neuroth and other LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by M. Mason, June 2024\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Apprenticeship indentures,1826, were originally described as part of the Caroline County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, but were removed to the present Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, in June 2024"," Additional apprentice indentures may be located in the Caroline County (Va.) Judgments or Caroline County (Va.) Papers Ended. Both of these record sets are largely unprocessed. ","These records have been processed, scanned, and indexed by L. Neuroth and other LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.","Encoded by M. Mason, June 2024"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi04783.xml\"\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1788-1864\u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Caroline County (Va.) and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Caroline County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.)is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the \n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection  \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["\nSee also:  Caroline County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1788-1864","Records related to free and enslaved people of Caroline County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Caroline County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Caroline County (Va.)is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the \n Lost Records Localities Digital Collection    on the Library of Virginia website. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1826, consist of one record calling for Robert Mallory to appear at the next court to present any evidence as to why the \"indentures made by the overseers of this county binding the said Beverly [a \"free boy of colour\"] as an apprentice to the said Mallory should not be revoked and overtured.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1826, consist of one record calling for Robert Mallory to appear at the next court to present any evidence as to why the \"indentures made by the overseers of this county binding the said Beverly [a \"free boy of colour\"] as an apprentice to the said Mallory should not be revoked and overtured.\"\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":[""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:09:47.687Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06329"}},{"id":"vi_vi02971","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1912-1918","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02971#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02971#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1912-1918, consist of birth and death registers. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02971#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02971","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02971","_root_":"vi_vi02971","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02971","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02971.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1912-1918"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1912-1918"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1045114-1045116, 1045118, 1045119\n"],"text":["1045114-1045116, 1045118, 1045119\n","Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1912-1918","Public records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Death records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Caroline County","5 v.","There are no restrictions.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II.  It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762.\n","Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.","Caroline County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the  Virginia Department of Health.","Additional Caroline County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n","Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1912-1918, consist of birth and death registers.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"","RESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n","For copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1045114-1045116, 1045118, 1045119\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1912-1918"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1912-1918"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1912-1918"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Caroline County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Death records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Caroline County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Death records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Caroline County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["5 v."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II.  It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II.  It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762.\n","Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1912-1918. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1912-1918. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.vdh.state.va.us/\"\u003eVirginia Department of Health.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Caroline County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available at Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more information and a listing of lost records localities see \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/guides/rn30_lostrecords.pdf\"\u003eLost Records research note\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Caroline County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the  Virginia Department of Health.","Additional Caroline County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1912-1918, consist of birth and death registers.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformation is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1912-1918, consist of birth and death registers.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["RESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n","For copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:59:46.771Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02971","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02971","_root_":"vi_vi02971","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02971","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02971.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1912-1918"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1912-1918"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1045114-1045116, 1045118, 1045119\n"],"text":["1045114-1045116, 1045118, 1045119\n","Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1912-1918","Public records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Death records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Caroline County","5 v.","There are no restrictions.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II.  It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762.\n","Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.","Caroline County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the  Virginia Department of Health.","Additional Caroline County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n","Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1912-1918, consist of birth and death registers.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"","RESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n","For copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1045114-1045116, 1045118, 1045119\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1912-1918"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1912-1918"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1912-1918"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Caroline County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Death records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Caroline County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Death records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Caroline County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Caroline County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["5 v."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II.  It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II.  It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762.\n","Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1912-1918. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1912-1918. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.vdh.state.va.us/\"\u003eVirginia Department of Health.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Caroline County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available at Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more information and a listing of lost records localities see \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/guides/rn30_lostrecords.pdf\"\u003eLost Records research note\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Caroline County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the  Virginia Department of Health.","Additional Caroline County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1912-1918, consist of birth and death registers.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformation is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1912-1918, consist of birth and death registers.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["RESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n","For copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:59:46.771Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02971"}},{"id":"vi_vi02661","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n1845-1871","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02661#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02661#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Caroline County (Va.) Board of the Overseer of the Poor Minutes are two volumes dated 1845-1853 and 1853-1871. The minutes give the names of people receiving financial support, food, and clothing, as well as those removing to other states and the burial of the deceased. The minutes also include the details of the collection of the levy for the poor and how the money was spent. In addition, a report of the business of the poorhouse is contained in the minutes. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02661#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02661","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02661","_root_":"vi_vi02661","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02661","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02661.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n1845-1871"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n1845-1871"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Barcode numbers 1104725-1104726/Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78\n"],"text":["Barcode numbers 1104725-1104726/Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78\n","Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n1845-1871","Almshouses--Virginia--Caroline County","Apprentices--Virginia--Caroline County","Poor--Virginia--Caroline County","Poor--Employment--Virginia--Caroline County","Public welfare--Virginia--Caroline County","Tax collection--Virginia--Caroline County","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County","Minutes--Virginia--Caroline County","2 v. and 1 microfilm reel.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological.\n","Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II.  It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762.\n","Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n","In 1780 the Virginia General Assembly replaced the Anglican vestries and churchwardens of the colonial period with elected bodies called Overseers of the Poor. The Overseers provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for the persons who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them or who failed to educate or instruct them, as well as orphans to become apprentices. The boys learned a trade and the girls learned domestic skills.","In 1844, the General Assembly enacted laws to create poor farms overseen by boards of directors for the maintenance and education of the poor. The boards bought farms and built buildings, appointed a superintendant for each poor farm, and chose a physician to attend the sick and teachers to educate the children. The adults and older children were required to work if they were able.","Additional Caroline County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virgiina County and City Records on Microfilm\"","See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n","The Caroline County (Va.) Board of the Overseer of the Poor Minutes are two volumes dated 1845-1853 and 1853-1871.  The minutes give the names of people receiving financial support, food, and clothing, as well as those removing to other states and the burial of the deceased. The minutes also include the details of the collection of the levy for the poor and how the money was spent. In addition, a report of the business of the poorhouse is contained in the minutes.\n","Use microfilm, Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court","Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["Barcode numbers 1104725-1104726/Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n1845-1871"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n1845-1871"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n1845-1871"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Caroline County.  The microfilm was generated by OCLC through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Almshouses--Virginia--Caroline County","Apprentices--Virginia--Caroline County","Poor--Virginia--Caroline County","Poor--Employment--Virginia--Caroline County","Public welfare--Virginia--Caroline County","Tax collection--Virginia--Caroline County","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County","Minutes--Virginia--Caroline County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Almshouses--Virginia--Caroline County","Apprentices--Virginia--Caroline County","Poor--Virginia--Caroline County","Poor--Employment--Virginia--Caroline County","Public welfare--Virginia--Caroline County","Tax collection--Virginia--Caroline County","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County","Minutes--Virginia--Caroline County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["2 v. and 1 microfilm reel."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II.  It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1780 the Virginia General Assembly replaced the Anglican vestries and churchwardens of the colonial period with elected bodies called Overseers of the Poor. The Overseers provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for the persons who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them or who failed to educate or instruct them, as well as orphans to become apprentices. The boys learned a trade and the girls learned domestic skills.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1844, the General Assembly enacted laws to create poor farms overseen by boards of directors for the maintenance and education of the poor. The boards bought farms and built buildings, appointed a superintendant for each poor farm, and chose a physician to attend the sick and teachers to educate the children. The adults and older children were required to work if they were able.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II.  It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762.\n","Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n","In 1780 the Virginia General Assembly replaced the Anglican vestries and churchwardens of the colonial period with elected bodies called Overseers of the Poor. The Overseers provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for the persons who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them or who failed to educate or instruct them, as well as orphans to become apprentices. The boys learned a trade and the girls learned domestic skills.","In 1844, the General Assembly enacted laws to create poor farms overseen by boards of directors for the maintenance and education of the poor. The boards bought farms and built buildings, appointed a superintendant for each poor farm, and chose a physician to attend the sick and teachers to educate the children. The adults and older children were required to work if they were able."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes, 1845-1871. Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78, Local Government Records Collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes, 1845-1871. Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78, Local Government Records Collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Caroline County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA051\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virgiina County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available at Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more information and a listing of lost records localities see \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/guides/rn30_lostrecords.pdf\"\u003eLost Records research note\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Caroline County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virgiina County and City Records on Microfilm\"","See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Caroline County (Va.) Board of the Overseer of the Poor Minutes are two volumes dated 1845-1853 and 1853-1871.  The minutes give the names of people receiving financial support, food, and clothing, as well as those removing to other states and the burial of the deceased. The minutes also include the details of the collection of the levy for the poor and how the money was spent. In addition, a report of the business of the poorhouse is contained in the minutes.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Caroline County (Va.) Board of the Overseer of the Poor Minutes are two volumes dated 1845-1853 and 1853-1871.  The minutes give the names of people receiving financial support, food, and clothing, as well as those removing to other states and the burial of the deceased. The minutes also include the details of the collection of the levy for the poor and how the money was spent. In addition, a report of the business of the poorhouse is contained in the minutes.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm, Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm, Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court","Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor"],"corpname_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court","Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:51:20.411Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02661","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02661","_root_":"vi_vi02661","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02661","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02661.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n1845-1871"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n1845-1871"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Barcode numbers 1104725-1104726/Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78\n"],"text":["Barcode numbers 1104725-1104726/Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78\n","Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n1845-1871","Almshouses--Virginia--Caroline County","Apprentices--Virginia--Caroline County","Poor--Virginia--Caroline County","Poor--Employment--Virginia--Caroline County","Public welfare--Virginia--Caroline County","Tax collection--Virginia--Caroline County","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County","Minutes--Virginia--Caroline County","2 v. and 1 microfilm reel.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological.\n","Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II.  It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762.\n","Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n","In 1780 the Virginia General Assembly replaced the Anglican vestries and churchwardens of the colonial period with elected bodies called Overseers of the Poor. The Overseers provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for the persons who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them or who failed to educate or instruct them, as well as orphans to become apprentices. The boys learned a trade and the girls learned domestic skills.","In 1844, the General Assembly enacted laws to create poor farms overseen by boards of directors for the maintenance and education of the poor. The boards bought farms and built buildings, appointed a superintendant for each poor farm, and chose a physician to attend the sick and teachers to educate the children. The adults and older children were required to work if they were able.","Additional Caroline County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virgiina County and City Records on Microfilm\"","See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n","The Caroline County (Va.) Board of the Overseer of the Poor Minutes are two volumes dated 1845-1853 and 1853-1871.  The minutes give the names of people receiving financial support, food, and clothing, as well as those removing to other states and the burial of the deceased. The minutes also include the details of the collection of the levy for the poor and how the money was spent. In addition, a report of the business of the poorhouse is contained in the minutes.\n","Use microfilm, Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court","Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["Barcode numbers 1104725-1104726/Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n1845-1871"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n1845-1871"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n1845-1871"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Caroline County.  The microfilm was generated by OCLC through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Almshouses--Virginia--Caroline County","Apprentices--Virginia--Caroline County","Poor--Virginia--Caroline County","Poor--Employment--Virginia--Caroline County","Public welfare--Virginia--Caroline County","Tax collection--Virginia--Caroline County","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County","Minutes--Virginia--Caroline County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Almshouses--Virginia--Caroline County","Apprentices--Virginia--Caroline County","Poor--Virginia--Caroline County","Poor--Employment--Virginia--Caroline County","Public welfare--Virginia--Caroline County","Tax collection--Virginia--Caroline County","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County","Minutes--Virginia--Caroline County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["2 v. and 1 microfilm reel."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II.  It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1780 the Virginia General Assembly replaced the Anglican vestries and churchwardens of the colonial period with elected bodies called Overseers of the Poor. The Overseers provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for the persons who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them or who failed to educate or instruct them, as well as orphans to become apprentices. The boys learned a trade and the girls learned domestic skills.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1844, the General Assembly enacted laws to create poor farms overseen by boards of directors for the maintenance and education of the poor. The boards bought farms and built buildings, appointed a superintendant for each poor farm, and chose a physician to attend the sick and teachers to educate the children. The adults and older children were required to work if they were able.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II.  It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762.\n","Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n","In 1780 the Virginia General Assembly replaced the Anglican vestries and churchwardens of the colonial period with elected bodies called Overseers of the Poor. The Overseers provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for the persons who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them or who failed to educate or instruct them, as well as orphans to become apprentices. The boys learned a trade and the girls learned domestic skills.","In 1844, the General Assembly enacted laws to create poor farms overseen by boards of directors for the maintenance and education of the poor. The boards bought farms and built buildings, appointed a superintendant for each poor farm, and chose a physician to attend the sick and teachers to educate the children. The adults and older children were required to work if they were able."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes, 1845-1871. Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78, Local Government Records Collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes, 1845-1871. Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78, Local Government Records Collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Caroline County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA051\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virgiina County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available at Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more information and a listing of lost records localities see \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/guides/rn30_lostrecords.pdf\"\u003eLost Records research note\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Caroline County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virgiina County and City Records on Microfilm\"","See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Caroline County (Va.) Board of the Overseer of the Poor Minutes are two volumes dated 1845-1853 and 1853-1871.  The minutes give the names of people receiving financial support, food, and clothing, as well as those removing to other states and the burial of the deceased. The minutes also include the details of the collection of the levy for the poor and how the money was spent. In addition, a report of the business of the poorhouse is contained in the minutes.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Caroline County (Va.) Board of the Overseer of the Poor Minutes are two volumes dated 1845-1853 and 1853-1871.  The minutes give the names of people receiving financial support, food, and clothing, as well as those removing to other states and the burial of the deceased. The minutes also include the details of the collection of the levy for the poor and how the money was spent. In addition, a report of the business of the poorhouse is contained in the minutes.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm, Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm, Caroline County (Va.) Reel 78.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court","Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor"],"corpname_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court","Caroline County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:51:20.411Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02661"}},{"id":"vi_vi05394","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, \n1802-1906, undated","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05394#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05394#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Business Records, 1802-1906, undated, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Caroline County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as ledgers and a daybook. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05394#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05394","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05394","_root_":"vi_vi05394","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05394","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05394.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, \n1802-1906, undated"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, \n1802-1906, undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, \n1802-1906, undated"],"text":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, \n1802-1906, undated","Many of these business volumes are fragile. Please handle these volumes with extreme care. .\n","This collection is arranged Series I: William and Henry H. Dickenson and Company Ledgers, 1802-1810\n  Series II: : L. C. Sale General Merchandise Ledgers, 1902-1906\n  Series III: Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions Ledgers, 1885-1887, undated\n Series IV: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1826-1830\n","Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History:  Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green. Area: 532.5 square miles. Population: 22,121 (2000), 24,300 (2005 estimate.)\n","Lost Records Locality:   Created in 1728. Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n","Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.","Encoded by C. Freed, October 2024\n","Additional Caroline County (Va.) records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Caroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.","Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, 1802-1906, undated, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Caroline County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as ledgers and a daybook.\n","Historical Information: William and Henry H. Dickenson and Company was a mercantile partnership that conducted business during the early nineteenth century in Caroline County.\n","Scope and Content: William and Henry H. Dickenson and Company Ledgers, 1802-1810, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists in chronological order the amount owed for merchandise purchased and the amount paid.\n","Historical Information: L. C. Sale General Merchandise was a general store owned by Lewis Cephas Sale located in Guinea, Virginia in Caroline County.\n","Scope and Content: : L. C. Sale General Merchandise Ledgers, 1902-1906, record the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists in chronological order items purchased, amount owed, and amount paid. Payments made by cash, barter such as hay and corn, or labor such as building a roof and hauling wood. Items sold include vinegar, fruit, coffee, clothing, farm tools, and meat.\n","Historical Information: : Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions was located in Baltimore, Maryland. Sigmund Solomon and R. C. Davidson were partners in the business.\n","Scope and Content: Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions Ledgers, 1885-1887, undated, records chronologically payments for goods received from other businesses. It also records the amount owed and paid by businesses and individuals to Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions. The store sold fabric, clothing, and small items used for sewing such as needles, pins, thread, and buttons.\n","Scope and Content: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1826-1830, notes a business conducted on a daily basis in Bowling Green, Virginia. This business is located in Caroline County. The volume records the name of the customer, merchandise purchased, and the amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include whiskey, farm tools, knives, sugar, candles, and silk.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, \n1802-1906, undated"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, \n1802-1906, undated"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Caroline County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["9 volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMany of these business volumes are fragile. Please handle these volumes with extreme care.\u003c/emph\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Many of these business volumes are fragile. Please handle these volumes with extreme care. .\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: William and Henry H. Dickenson and Company Ledgers, 1802-1810\n \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: : L. C. Sale General Merchandise Ledgers, 1902-1906\n \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions Ledgers, 1885-1887, undated\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1826-1830\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged Series I: William and Henry H. Dickenson and Company Ledgers, 1802-1810\n  Series II: : L. C. Sale General Merchandise Ledgers, 1902-1906\n  Series III: Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions Ledgers, 1885-1887, undated\n Series IV: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1826-1830\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green. Area: 532.5 square miles. Population: 22,121 (2000), 24,300 (2005 estimate.)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Records Locality: \u003c/emph\u003e Created in 1728. Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History:  Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green. Area: 532.5 square miles. Population: 22,121 (2000), 24,300 (2005 estimate.)\n","Lost Records Locality:   Created in 1728. Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Business Records, 1802-1906, undated. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, 1802-1906, undated. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by C. Freed, October 2024\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.","Encoded by C. Freed, October 2024\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Caroline County (Va.) records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA051\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available at Virginia Memory.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Caroline County (Va.) records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Caroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Business Records, 1802-1906, undated, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Caroline County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as ledgers and a daybook.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam and Henry H. Dickenson and Company was a mercantile partnership that conducted business during the early nineteenth century in Caroline County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam and Henry H. Dickenson and Company Ledgers, 1802-1810, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists in chronological order the amount owed for merchandise purchased and the amount paid.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eL. C. Sale General Merchandise was a general store owned by Lewis Cephas Sale located in Guinea, Virginia in Caroline County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003e: L. C. Sale General Merchandise Ledgers, 1902-1906, record the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists in chronological order items purchased, amount owed, and amount paid. Payments made by cash, barter such as hay and corn, or labor such as building a roof and hauling wood. Items sold include vinegar, fruit, coffee, clothing, farm tools, and meat.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e: Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions was located in Baltimore, Maryland. Sigmund Solomon and R. C. Davidson were partners in the business.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eSolomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions Ledgers, 1885-1887, undated, records chronologically payments for goods received from other businesses. It also records the amount owed and paid by businesses and individuals to Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions. The store sold fabric, clothing, and small items used for sewing such as needles, pins, thread, and buttons.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eUnidentified Merchant Daybook, 1826-1830, notes a business conducted on a daily basis in Bowling Green, Virginia. This business is located in Caroline County. The volume records the name of the customer, merchandise purchased, and the amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include whiskey, farm tools, knives, sugar, candles, and silk.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, 1802-1906, undated, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Caroline County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as ledgers and a daybook.\n","Historical Information: William and Henry H. Dickenson and Company was a mercantile partnership that conducted business during the early nineteenth century in Caroline County.\n","Scope and Content: William and Henry H. Dickenson and Company Ledgers, 1802-1810, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists in chronological order the amount owed for merchandise purchased and the amount paid.\n","Historical Information: L. C. Sale General Merchandise was a general store owned by Lewis Cephas Sale located in Guinea, Virginia in Caroline County.\n","Scope and Content: : L. C. Sale General Merchandise Ledgers, 1902-1906, record the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists in chronological order items purchased, amount owed, and amount paid. Payments made by cash, barter such as hay and corn, or labor such as building a roof and hauling wood. Items sold include vinegar, fruit, coffee, clothing, farm tools, and meat.\n","Historical Information: : Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions was located in Baltimore, Maryland. Sigmund Solomon and R. C. Davidson were partners in the business.\n","Scope and Content: Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions Ledgers, 1885-1887, undated, records chronologically payments for goods received from other businesses. It also records the amount owed and paid by businesses and individuals to Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions. The store sold fabric, clothing, and small items used for sewing such as needles, pins, thread, and buttons.\n","Scope and Content: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1826-1830, notes a business conducted on a daily basis in Bowling Green, Virginia. This business is located in Caroline County. The volume records the name of the customer, merchandise purchased, and the amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include whiskey, farm tools, knives, sugar, candles, and silk.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:59:09.088Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05394","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05394","_root_":"vi_vi05394","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05394","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05394.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, \n1802-1906, undated"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, \n1802-1906, undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, \n1802-1906, undated"],"text":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, \n1802-1906, undated","Many of these business volumes are fragile. Please handle these volumes with extreme care. .\n","This collection is arranged Series I: William and Henry H. Dickenson and Company Ledgers, 1802-1810\n  Series II: : L. C. Sale General Merchandise Ledgers, 1902-1906\n  Series III: Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions Ledgers, 1885-1887, undated\n Series IV: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1826-1830\n","Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History:  Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green. Area: 532.5 square miles. Population: 22,121 (2000), 24,300 (2005 estimate.)\n","Lost Records Locality:   Created in 1728. Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n","Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.","Encoded by C. Freed, October 2024\n","Additional Caroline County (Va.) records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Caroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.","Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, 1802-1906, undated, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Caroline County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as ledgers and a daybook.\n","Historical Information: William and Henry H. Dickenson and Company was a mercantile partnership that conducted business during the early nineteenth century in Caroline County.\n","Scope and Content: William and Henry H. Dickenson and Company Ledgers, 1802-1810, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists in chronological order the amount owed for merchandise purchased and the amount paid.\n","Historical Information: L. C. Sale General Merchandise was a general store owned by Lewis Cephas Sale located in Guinea, Virginia in Caroline County.\n","Scope and Content: : L. C. Sale General Merchandise Ledgers, 1902-1906, record the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists in chronological order items purchased, amount owed, and amount paid. Payments made by cash, barter such as hay and corn, or labor such as building a roof and hauling wood. Items sold include vinegar, fruit, coffee, clothing, farm tools, and meat.\n","Historical Information: : Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions was located in Baltimore, Maryland. Sigmund Solomon and R. C. Davidson were partners in the business.\n","Scope and Content: Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions Ledgers, 1885-1887, undated, records chronologically payments for goods received from other businesses. It also records the amount owed and paid by businesses and individuals to Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions. The store sold fabric, clothing, and small items used for sewing such as needles, pins, thread, and buttons.\n","Scope and Content: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1826-1830, notes a business conducted on a daily basis in Bowling Green, Virginia. This business is located in Caroline County. The volume records the name of the customer, merchandise purchased, and the amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include whiskey, farm tools, knives, sugar, candles, and silk.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, \n1802-1906, undated"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, \n1802-1906, undated"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Caroline County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["9 volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMany of these business volumes are fragile. Please handle these volumes with extreme care.\u003c/emph\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Many of these business volumes are fragile. Please handle these volumes with extreme care. .\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: William and Henry H. Dickenson and Company Ledgers, 1802-1810\n \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: : L. C. Sale General Merchandise Ledgers, 1902-1906\n \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions Ledgers, 1885-1887, undated\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1826-1830\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged Series I: William and Henry H. Dickenson and Company Ledgers, 1802-1810\n  Series II: : L. C. Sale General Merchandise Ledgers, 1902-1906\n  Series III: Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions Ledgers, 1885-1887, undated\n Series IV: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1826-1830\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green. Area: 532.5 square miles. Population: 22,121 (2000), 24,300 (2005 estimate.)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Records Locality: \u003c/emph\u003e Created in 1728. Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History:  Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green. Area: 532.5 square miles. Population: 22,121 (2000), 24,300 (2005 estimate.)\n","Lost Records Locality:   Created in 1728. Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Business Records, 1802-1906, undated. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, 1802-1906, undated. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by C. Freed, October 2024\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.","Encoded by C. Freed, October 2024\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Caroline County (Va.) records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA051\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available at Virginia Memory.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Caroline County (Va.) records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Caroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Business Records, 1802-1906, undated, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Caroline County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as ledgers and a daybook.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam and Henry H. Dickenson and Company was a mercantile partnership that conducted business during the early nineteenth century in Caroline County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam and Henry H. Dickenson and Company Ledgers, 1802-1810, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists in chronological order the amount owed for merchandise purchased and the amount paid.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eL. C. Sale General Merchandise was a general store owned by Lewis Cephas Sale located in Guinea, Virginia in Caroline County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003e: L. C. Sale General Merchandise Ledgers, 1902-1906, record the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists in chronological order items purchased, amount owed, and amount paid. Payments made by cash, barter such as hay and corn, or labor such as building a roof and hauling wood. Items sold include vinegar, fruit, coffee, clothing, farm tools, and meat.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e: Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions was located in Baltimore, Maryland. Sigmund Solomon and R. C. Davidson were partners in the business.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eSolomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions Ledgers, 1885-1887, undated, records chronologically payments for goods received from other businesses. It also records the amount owed and paid by businesses and individuals to Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions. The store sold fabric, clothing, and small items used for sewing such as needles, pins, thread, and buttons.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eUnidentified Merchant Daybook, 1826-1830, notes a business conducted on a daily basis in Bowling Green, Virginia. This business is located in Caroline County. The volume records the name of the customer, merchandise purchased, and the amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include whiskey, farm tools, knives, sugar, candles, and silk.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Business Records, 1802-1906, undated, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Caroline County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as ledgers and a daybook.\n","Historical Information: William and Henry H. Dickenson and Company was a mercantile partnership that conducted business during the early nineteenth century in Caroline County.\n","Scope and Content: William and Henry H. Dickenson and Company Ledgers, 1802-1810, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists in chronological order the amount owed for merchandise purchased and the amount paid.\n","Historical Information: L. C. Sale General Merchandise was a general store owned by Lewis Cephas Sale located in Guinea, Virginia in Caroline County.\n","Scope and Content: : L. C. Sale General Merchandise Ledgers, 1902-1906, record the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists in chronological order items purchased, amount owed, and amount paid. Payments made by cash, barter such as hay and corn, or labor such as building a roof and hauling wood. Items sold include vinegar, fruit, coffee, clothing, farm tools, and meat.\n","Historical Information: : Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions was located in Baltimore, Maryland. Sigmund Solomon and R. C. Davidson were partners in the business.\n","Scope and Content: Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions Ledgers, 1885-1887, undated, records chronologically payments for goods received from other businesses. It also records the amount owed and paid by businesses and individuals to Solomon and Davidson Dry Goods and Notions. The store sold fabric, clothing, and small items used for sewing such as needles, pins, thread, and buttons.\n","Scope and Content: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1826-1830, notes a business conducted on a daily basis in Bowling Green, Virginia. This business is located in Caroline County. The volume records the name of the customer, merchandise purchased, and the amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include whiskey, farm tools, knives, sugar, candles, and silk.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:59:09.088Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05394"}},{"id":"vi_vi02784","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, \n1958-1966","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02784#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02784#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, 1958-1966, contains the documentation of the criminal case against \"Richard Loving, a white person, and Mildred Jeter, a Negro, who did unlawfully and feloniously go out of this state for the purpose of being married, and with the intention of returning, and were married out of it, and afterwards, returned and resided in it, cohabiting as man and wife\" in violation of Virginia state laws that prohibited marriages between whites and African Americans. The documents include principally the arrest warrants of Loving and Jeter, the true bill returned by the grand jurors, the indictment for a felony, the motion of the Lovings to vacate judgment and set aside the sentence, the opinion of Judge Leon M. Bazile, the order denying the defendants' motion to vacate judgment and set aside their sentence, the Lovings' notice of appeal and assignments of error, and copies of the birth certificates for both Loving and Jeter. Various other documents include notices and other documents relating to the Lovings' appeals and other cases brought to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. There is a brief index at the beginning of the case. The case does not contain any depositions or trial transcripts. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02784#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02784","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02784","_root_":"vi_vi02784","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02784","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02784.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, \n1958-1966"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, \n1958-1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Reel 79\n"],"text":["Caroline County (Va.) Reel 79\n","Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, \n1958-1966","Civil rights. ","Due process of law. ","Equality before the law. ","Interracial marriage. ","Interracial marriage. -- Law and legislation. ","Miscegenation. ","Criminal court records -- Virginia -- Caroline County. ","1 microfilm reel (95 images)","There are no restrictions.\n","Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762. \n","Commonwealth vs. Loving and Jeter was the criminal case that began in 1958 in Caroline County and terminated in a landmark civil rights decision by the United States Supreme Court that declared Virginia's anti-miscegenation statute, the Racial Integrity Act of 1924, to be unconstitutional, thereby ending all race-based legal restrictions on marriage in the United States.\n","Mildred Delores (Jeter) Loving, an African American woman, and Richard Perry Loving, a white man, were residents of the Commonwealth of Virginia who had been married in June 1958 in the District of Columbia, having left Virginia to evade the Racial Integrity Act, a state law banning marriages between any white person and any non-white person. Upon their return to Caroline County, they were charged with violation of the ban. Specifically, they were charged under Section 20-58 of the Virginia Code, which prohibited interracial couples from being married out of state and then returning to Virginia, and Section 20-59, which classified \"miscegenation\" as a felony punishable by a prison sentence of between one and five years. On January 6, 1959, the Lovings pleaded guilty and were sentenced to one year in prison, with the sentence suspended for 25 years on condition that the couple leave the state of Virginia. The trial judge in the case was Leon M. Bazile who wrote the famous opinion of the court that since God had created different colors of people and placed them on different continents that He therefore never intended for the races to intermarry.\n","The Lovings moved to the District of Columbia, and on November 6, 1963, the American Civil Liberties Union filed a motion on their behalf in the state trial court to vacate the judgment and set aside the sentence on the grounds that the violated statutes ran counter to the Fourteenth Amendment. On October 28, 1964, after their motion still had not been decided, the Lovings began a class action suit in the U.S District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. On January 22, 1965, the three-judge district court decided to allow the Lovings to present their constitutional claims to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. Virginia Supreme Court Justice Harry L. Carrico (later Chief Justice of the Court) wrote an opinion for the court upholding the constitutionality of the anti-miscegenation statutes and, after modifying the sentence, affirmed the criminal convictions.\n","On June 12, 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the convictions in a unanimous decision, dismissing the Commonwealth of Virginia's argument that a law forbidding both white and black persons from marrying persons of another race, and providing identical penalties to white and black violators, could not be construed as racially discriminatory. The court ruled that Virginia's anti-miscegenation statute violated both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court concluded that anti-miscegenation laws were racist and had been enacted to perpetuate white supremacy.\n","Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, 1958-1966, contains the documentation of the criminal case against \"Richard Loving, a white person, and Mildred Jeter, a Negro, who did unlawfully and feloniously go out of this state for the purpose of being married, and with the intention of returning, and were married out of it, and afterwards, returned and resided in it, cohabiting as man and wife\" in violation of Virginia state laws that prohibited marriages between whites and African Americans. The documents include principally the arrest warrants of Loving and Jeter, the true bill returned by the grand jurors, the indictment for a felony, the motion of the Lovings to vacate judgment and set aside the sentence, the opinion of Judge Leon M. Bazile, the order denying the defendants' motion to vacate judgment and set aside their sentence, the Lovings' notice of appeal and assignments of error, and copies of the birth certificates for both Loving and Jeter. Various other documents include notices and other documents relating to the Lovings' appeals and other cases brought to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. There is a brief index at the beginning of the case. The case does not contain any depositions or trial transcripts. \n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Caroline County (Va.). Circuit Court. ","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals. ","United States. District Court (Virginia: Eastern District). ","Loving, Mildred Delores Jeter 1939-2008. ","Loving, Richard Perry 1933-1975. ","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Reel 79\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, \n1958-1966"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, \n1958-1966"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, \n1958-1966"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The commonwealth cause was loaned for microfilming by the Caroline County clerk of circuit court. The microfilm was generated by OCLC through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program under the accession number 43971. The original case is housed at the Central Rappahannock Heritage Center (call number 2004-040-013).\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights. ","Due process of law. ","Equality before the law. ","Interracial marriage. ","Interracial marriage. -- Law and legislation. ","Miscegenation. ","Criminal court records -- Virginia -- Caroline County. "],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights. ","Due process of law. ","Equality before the law. ","Interracial marriage. ","Interracial marriage. -- Law and legislation. ","Miscegenation. ","Criminal court records -- Virginia -- Caroline County. "],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 microfilm reel (95 images)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth vs. Loving and Jeter was the criminal case that began in 1958 in Caroline County and terminated in a landmark civil rights decision by the United States Supreme Court that declared Virginia's anti-miscegenation statute, the Racial Integrity Act of 1924, to be unconstitutional, thereby ending all race-based legal restrictions on marriage in the United States.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMildred Delores (Jeter) Loving, an African American woman, and Richard Perry Loving, a white man, were residents of the Commonwealth of Virginia who had been married in June 1958 in the District of Columbia, having left Virginia to evade the Racial Integrity Act, a state law banning marriages between any white person and any non-white person. Upon their return to Caroline County, they were charged with violation of the ban. Specifically, they were charged under Section 20-58 of the Virginia Code, which prohibited interracial couples from being married out of state and then returning to Virginia, and Section 20-59, which classified \"miscegenation\" as a felony punishable by a prison sentence of between one and five years. On January 6, 1959, the Lovings pleaded guilty and were sentenced to one year in prison, with the sentence suspended for 25 years on condition that the couple leave the state of Virginia. The trial judge in the case was Leon M. Bazile who wrote the famous opinion of the court that since God had created different colors of people and placed them on different continents that He therefore never intended for the races to intermarry.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Lovings moved to the District of Columbia, and on November 6, 1963, the American Civil Liberties Union filed a motion on their behalf in the state trial court to vacate the judgment and set aside the sentence on the grounds that the violated statutes ran counter to the Fourteenth Amendment. On October 28, 1964, after their motion still had not been decided, the Lovings began a class action suit in the U.S District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. On January 22, 1965, the three-judge district court decided to allow the Lovings to present their constitutional claims to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. Virginia Supreme Court Justice Harry L. Carrico (later Chief Justice of the Court) wrote an opinion for the court upholding the constitutionality of the anti-miscegenation statutes and, after modifying the sentence, affirmed the criminal convictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn June 12, 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the convictions in a unanimous decision, dismissing the Commonwealth of Virginia's argument that a law forbidding both white and black persons from marrying persons of another race, and providing identical penalties to white and black violators, could not be construed as racially discriminatory. The court ruled that Virginia's anti-miscegenation statute violated both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court concluded that anti-miscegenation laws were racist and had been enacted to perpetuate white supremacy.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762. \n","Commonwealth vs. Loving and Jeter was the criminal case that began in 1958 in Caroline County and terminated in a landmark civil rights decision by the United States Supreme Court that declared Virginia's anti-miscegenation statute, the Racial Integrity Act of 1924, to be unconstitutional, thereby ending all race-based legal restrictions on marriage in the United States.\n","Mildred Delores (Jeter) Loving, an African American woman, and Richard Perry Loving, a white man, were residents of the Commonwealth of Virginia who had been married in June 1958 in the District of Columbia, having left Virginia to evade the Racial Integrity Act, a state law banning marriages between any white person and any non-white person. Upon their return to Caroline County, they were charged with violation of the ban. Specifically, they were charged under Section 20-58 of the Virginia Code, which prohibited interracial couples from being married out of state and then returning to Virginia, and Section 20-59, which classified \"miscegenation\" as a felony punishable by a prison sentence of between one and five years. On January 6, 1959, the Lovings pleaded guilty and were sentenced to one year in prison, with the sentence suspended for 25 years on condition that the couple leave the state of Virginia. The trial judge in the case was Leon M. Bazile who wrote the famous opinion of the court that since God had created different colors of people and placed them on different continents that He therefore never intended for the races to intermarry.\n","The Lovings moved to the District of Columbia, and on November 6, 1963, the American Civil Liberties Union filed a motion on their behalf in the state trial court to vacate the judgment and set aside the sentence on the grounds that the violated statutes ran counter to the Fourteenth Amendment. On October 28, 1964, after their motion still had not been decided, the Lovings began a class action suit in the U.S District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. On January 22, 1965, the three-judge district court decided to allow the Lovings to present their constitutional claims to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. Virginia Supreme Court Justice Harry L. Carrico (later Chief Justice of the Court) wrote an opinion for the court upholding the constitutionality of the anti-miscegenation statutes and, after modifying the sentence, affirmed the criminal convictions.\n","On June 12, 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the convictions in a unanimous decision, dismissing the Commonwealth of Virginia's argument that a law forbidding both white and black persons from marrying persons of another race, and providing identical penalties to white and black violators, could not be construed as racially discriminatory. The court ruled that Virginia's anti-miscegenation statute violated both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court concluded that anti-miscegenation laws were racist and had been enacted to perpetuate white supremacy.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, 1958-1966. Caroline County (Va.) Reel 79. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, 1958-1966. Caroline County (Va.) Reel 79. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, 1958-1966, contains the documentation of the criminal case against \"Richard Loving, a white person, and Mildred Jeter, a Negro, who did unlawfully and feloniously go out of this state for the purpose of being married, and with the intention of returning, and were married out of it, and afterwards, returned and resided in it, cohabiting as man and wife\" in violation of Virginia state laws that prohibited marriages between whites and African Americans. The documents include principally the arrest warrants of Loving and Jeter, the true bill returned by the grand jurors, the indictment for a felony, the motion of the Lovings to vacate judgment and set aside the sentence, the opinion of Judge Leon M. Bazile, the order denying the defendants' motion to vacate judgment and set aside their sentence, the Lovings' notice of appeal and assignments of error, and copies of the birth certificates for both Loving and Jeter. Various other documents include notices and other documents relating to the Lovings' appeals and other cases brought to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. There is a brief index at the beginning of the case. The case does not contain any depositions or trial transcripts. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, 1958-1966, contains the documentation of the criminal case against \"Richard Loving, a white person, and Mildred Jeter, a Negro, who did unlawfully and feloniously go out of this state for the purpose of being married, and with the intention of returning, and were married out of it, and afterwards, returned and resided in it, cohabiting as man and wife\" in violation of Virginia state laws that prohibited marriages between whites and African Americans. The documents include principally the arrest warrants of Loving and Jeter, the true bill returned by the grand jurors, the indictment for a felony, the motion of the Lovings to vacate judgment and set aside the sentence, the opinion of Judge Leon M. Bazile, the order denying the defendants' motion to vacate judgment and set aside their sentence, the Lovings' notice of appeal and assignments of error, and copies of the birth certificates for both Loving and Jeter. Various other documents include notices and other documents relating to the Lovings' appeals and other cases brought to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. There is a brief index at the beginning of the case. The case does not contain any depositions or trial transcripts. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.). Circuit Court. ","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals. ","United States. District Court (Virginia: Eastern District). ","Loving, Mildred Delores Jeter 1939-2008. ","Loving, Richard Perry 1933-1975. "],"corpname_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.). Circuit Court. ","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals. ","United States. District Court (Virginia: Eastern District). "],"persname_ssim":["Loving, Mildred Delores Jeter 1939-2008. ","Loving, Richard Perry 1933-1975. "],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:00:07.189Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02784","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02784","_root_":"vi_vi02784","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02784","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02784.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, \n1958-1966"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, \n1958-1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Reel 79\n"],"text":["Caroline County (Va.) Reel 79\n","Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, \n1958-1966","Civil rights. ","Due process of law. ","Equality before the law. ","Interracial marriage. ","Interracial marriage. -- Law and legislation. ","Miscegenation. ","Criminal court records -- Virginia -- Caroline County. ","1 microfilm reel (95 images)","There are no restrictions.\n","Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762. \n","Commonwealth vs. Loving and Jeter was the criminal case that began in 1958 in Caroline County and terminated in a landmark civil rights decision by the United States Supreme Court that declared Virginia's anti-miscegenation statute, the Racial Integrity Act of 1924, to be unconstitutional, thereby ending all race-based legal restrictions on marriage in the United States.\n","Mildred Delores (Jeter) Loving, an African American woman, and Richard Perry Loving, a white man, were residents of the Commonwealth of Virginia who had been married in June 1958 in the District of Columbia, having left Virginia to evade the Racial Integrity Act, a state law banning marriages between any white person and any non-white person. Upon their return to Caroline County, they were charged with violation of the ban. Specifically, they were charged under Section 20-58 of the Virginia Code, which prohibited interracial couples from being married out of state and then returning to Virginia, and Section 20-59, which classified \"miscegenation\" as a felony punishable by a prison sentence of between one and five years. On January 6, 1959, the Lovings pleaded guilty and were sentenced to one year in prison, with the sentence suspended for 25 years on condition that the couple leave the state of Virginia. The trial judge in the case was Leon M. Bazile who wrote the famous opinion of the court that since God had created different colors of people and placed them on different continents that He therefore never intended for the races to intermarry.\n","The Lovings moved to the District of Columbia, and on November 6, 1963, the American Civil Liberties Union filed a motion on their behalf in the state trial court to vacate the judgment and set aside the sentence on the grounds that the violated statutes ran counter to the Fourteenth Amendment. On October 28, 1964, after their motion still had not been decided, the Lovings began a class action suit in the U.S District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. On January 22, 1965, the three-judge district court decided to allow the Lovings to present their constitutional claims to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. Virginia Supreme Court Justice Harry L. Carrico (later Chief Justice of the Court) wrote an opinion for the court upholding the constitutionality of the anti-miscegenation statutes and, after modifying the sentence, affirmed the criminal convictions.\n","On June 12, 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the convictions in a unanimous decision, dismissing the Commonwealth of Virginia's argument that a law forbidding both white and black persons from marrying persons of another race, and providing identical penalties to white and black violators, could not be construed as racially discriminatory. The court ruled that Virginia's anti-miscegenation statute violated both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court concluded that anti-miscegenation laws were racist and had been enacted to perpetuate white supremacy.\n","Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, 1958-1966, contains the documentation of the criminal case against \"Richard Loving, a white person, and Mildred Jeter, a Negro, who did unlawfully and feloniously go out of this state for the purpose of being married, and with the intention of returning, and were married out of it, and afterwards, returned and resided in it, cohabiting as man and wife\" in violation of Virginia state laws that prohibited marriages between whites and African Americans. The documents include principally the arrest warrants of Loving and Jeter, the true bill returned by the grand jurors, the indictment for a felony, the motion of the Lovings to vacate judgment and set aside the sentence, the opinion of Judge Leon M. Bazile, the order denying the defendants' motion to vacate judgment and set aside their sentence, the Lovings' notice of appeal and assignments of error, and copies of the birth certificates for both Loving and Jeter. Various other documents include notices and other documents relating to the Lovings' appeals and other cases brought to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. There is a brief index at the beginning of the case. The case does not contain any depositions or trial transcripts. \n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Caroline County (Va.). Circuit Court. ","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals. ","United States. District Court (Virginia: Eastern District). ","Loving, Mildred Delores Jeter 1939-2008. ","Loving, Richard Perry 1933-1975. ","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Reel 79\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, \n1958-1966"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, \n1958-1966"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, \n1958-1966"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The commonwealth cause was loaned for microfilming by the Caroline County clerk of circuit court. The microfilm was generated by OCLC through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program under the accession number 43971. The original case is housed at the Central Rappahannock Heritage Center (call number 2004-040-013).\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights. ","Due process of law. ","Equality before the law. ","Interracial marriage. ","Interracial marriage. -- Law and legislation. ","Miscegenation. ","Criminal court records -- Virginia -- Caroline County. "],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights. ","Due process of law. ","Equality before the law. ","Interracial marriage. ","Interracial marriage. -- Law and legislation. ","Miscegenation. ","Criminal court records -- Virginia -- Caroline County. "],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 microfilm reel (95 images)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth vs. Loving and Jeter was the criminal case that began in 1958 in Caroline County and terminated in a landmark civil rights decision by the United States Supreme Court that declared Virginia's anti-miscegenation statute, the Racial Integrity Act of 1924, to be unconstitutional, thereby ending all race-based legal restrictions on marriage in the United States.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMildred Delores (Jeter) Loving, an African American woman, and Richard Perry Loving, a white man, were residents of the Commonwealth of Virginia who had been married in June 1958 in the District of Columbia, having left Virginia to evade the Racial Integrity Act, a state law banning marriages between any white person and any non-white person. Upon their return to Caroline County, they were charged with violation of the ban. Specifically, they were charged under Section 20-58 of the Virginia Code, which prohibited interracial couples from being married out of state and then returning to Virginia, and Section 20-59, which classified \"miscegenation\" as a felony punishable by a prison sentence of between one and five years. On January 6, 1959, the Lovings pleaded guilty and were sentenced to one year in prison, with the sentence suspended for 25 years on condition that the couple leave the state of Virginia. The trial judge in the case was Leon M. Bazile who wrote the famous opinion of the court that since God had created different colors of people and placed them on different continents that He therefore never intended for the races to intermarry.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Lovings moved to the District of Columbia, and on November 6, 1963, the American Civil Liberties Union filed a motion on their behalf in the state trial court to vacate the judgment and set aside the sentence on the grounds that the violated statutes ran counter to the Fourteenth Amendment. On October 28, 1964, after their motion still had not been decided, the Lovings began a class action suit in the U.S District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. On January 22, 1965, the three-judge district court decided to allow the Lovings to present their constitutional claims to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. Virginia Supreme Court Justice Harry L. Carrico (later Chief Justice of the Court) wrote an opinion for the court upholding the constitutionality of the anti-miscegenation statutes and, after modifying the sentence, affirmed the criminal convictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn June 12, 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the convictions in a unanimous decision, dismissing the Commonwealth of Virginia's argument that a law forbidding both white and black persons from marrying persons of another race, and providing identical penalties to white and black violators, could not be construed as racially discriminatory. The court ruled that Virginia's anti-miscegenation statute violated both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court concluded that anti-miscegenation laws were racist and had been enacted to perpetuate white supremacy.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added in 1742 and 1762. \n","Commonwealth vs. Loving and Jeter was the criminal case that began in 1958 in Caroline County and terminated in a landmark civil rights decision by the United States Supreme Court that declared Virginia's anti-miscegenation statute, the Racial Integrity Act of 1924, to be unconstitutional, thereby ending all race-based legal restrictions on marriage in the United States.\n","Mildred Delores (Jeter) Loving, an African American woman, and Richard Perry Loving, a white man, were residents of the Commonwealth of Virginia who had been married in June 1958 in the District of Columbia, having left Virginia to evade the Racial Integrity Act, a state law banning marriages between any white person and any non-white person. Upon their return to Caroline County, they were charged with violation of the ban. Specifically, they were charged under Section 20-58 of the Virginia Code, which prohibited interracial couples from being married out of state and then returning to Virginia, and Section 20-59, which classified \"miscegenation\" as a felony punishable by a prison sentence of between one and five years. On January 6, 1959, the Lovings pleaded guilty and were sentenced to one year in prison, with the sentence suspended for 25 years on condition that the couple leave the state of Virginia. The trial judge in the case was Leon M. Bazile who wrote the famous opinion of the court that since God had created different colors of people and placed them on different continents that He therefore never intended for the races to intermarry.\n","The Lovings moved to the District of Columbia, and on November 6, 1963, the American Civil Liberties Union filed a motion on their behalf in the state trial court to vacate the judgment and set aside the sentence on the grounds that the violated statutes ran counter to the Fourteenth Amendment. On October 28, 1964, after their motion still had not been decided, the Lovings began a class action suit in the U.S District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. On January 22, 1965, the three-judge district court decided to allow the Lovings to present their constitutional claims to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. Virginia Supreme Court Justice Harry L. Carrico (later Chief Justice of the Court) wrote an opinion for the court upholding the constitutionality of the anti-miscegenation statutes and, after modifying the sentence, affirmed the criminal convictions.\n","On June 12, 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the convictions in a unanimous decision, dismissing the Commonwealth of Virginia's argument that a law forbidding both white and black persons from marrying persons of another race, and providing identical penalties to white and black violators, could not be construed as racially discriminatory. The court ruled that Virginia's anti-miscegenation statute violated both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Supreme Court concluded that anti-miscegenation laws were racist and had been enacted to perpetuate white supremacy.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, 1958-1966. Caroline County (Va.) Reel 79. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, 1958-1966. Caroline County (Va.) Reel 79. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, 1958-1966, contains the documentation of the criminal case against \"Richard Loving, a white person, and Mildred Jeter, a Negro, who did unlawfully and feloniously go out of this state for the purpose of being married, and with the intention of returning, and were married out of it, and afterwards, returned and resided in it, cohabiting as man and wife\" in violation of Virginia state laws that prohibited marriages between whites and African Americans. The documents include principally the arrest warrants of Loving and Jeter, the true bill returned by the grand jurors, the indictment for a felony, the motion of the Lovings to vacate judgment and set aside the sentence, the opinion of Judge Leon M. Bazile, the order denying the defendants' motion to vacate judgment and set aside their sentence, the Lovings' notice of appeal and assignments of error, and copies of the birth certificates for both Loving and Jeter. Various other documents include notices and other documents relating to the Lovings' appeals and other cases brought to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. There is a brief index at the beginning of the case. The case does not contain any depositions or trial transcripts. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Commonwealth versus Richard Perry Loving and Mildred Delores Jeter, 1958-1966, contains the documentation of the criminal case against \"Richard Loving, a white person, and Mildred Jeter, a Negro, who did unlawfully and feloniously go out of this state for the purpose of being married, and with the intention of returning, and were married out of it, and afterwards, returned and resided in it, cohabiting as man and wife\" in violation of Virginia state laws that prohibited marriages between whites and African Americans. The documents include principally the arrest warrants of Loving and Jeter, the true bill returned by the grand jurors, the indictment for a felony, the motion of the Lovings to vacate judgment and set aside the sentence, the opinion of Judge Leon M. Bazile, the order denying the defendants' motion to vacate judgment and set aside their sentence, the Lovings' notice of appeal and assignments of error, and copies of the birth certificates for both Loving and Jeter. Various other documents include notices and other documents relating to the Lovings' appeals and other cases brought to the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals and the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. There is a brief index at the beginning of the case. The case does not contain any depositions or trial transcripts. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.). Circuit Court. ","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals. ","United States. District Court (Virginia: Eastern District). ","Loving, Mildred Delores Jeter 1939-2008. ","Loving, Richard Perry 1933-1975. "],"corpname_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.). Circuit Court. ","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals. ","United States. District Court (Virginia: Eastern District). "],"persname_ssim":["Loving, Mildred Delores Jeter 1939-2008. ","Loving, Richard Perry 1933-1975. "],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:00:07.189Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02784"}},{"id":"vi_vi05119","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1811-1912","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05119#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05119#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05119#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05119","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05119","_root_":"vi_vi05119","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05119","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05119.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1811-1912"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1811-1912"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1811-1912"],"text":["Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1811-1912","[IN PROCESS] Caroline County Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912, are digitized and available through the  Library of Virginia Digital Discovery   as the Coroners' Inquisitions Digital Collection\n","This collection is arranged in to","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1811-1912, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."," chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\n","Context for Record Type:  A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green.\n","Lost Locality Note:   Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.","Caroline  County Coroners Inquisitions were processed around 2020 by LVA staff, after being removed from an unknown record series. In Fall 2024 the inquests were indexed by M. Mason.","Encoded by T. Harter, 2020; updated by M. Mason, October 2024.","See also:  Caroline County (Va.), Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888","Additional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  .\n","Caroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site.","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Caroline County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1811-1912"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1811-1912"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Caroline County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["1 folder"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[IN PROCESS] Caroline County Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912, are digitized and available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/collectionDiscovery?vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia Digital Discovery \u003c/extref\u003e as the Coroners' Inquisitions Digital Collection\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["[IN PROCESS] Caroline County Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912, are digitized and available through the  Library of Virginia Digital Discovery   as the Coroners' Inquisitions Digital Collection\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in to\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1811-1912, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in to","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1811-1912, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."," chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note: \u003c/emph\u003e Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green.\n","Lost Locality Note:   Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912. Local government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912. Local government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline  County Coroners Inquisitions were processed around 2020 by LVA staff, after being removed from an unknown record series. In Fall 2024 the inquests were indexed by M. Mason.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by T. Harter, 2020; updated by M. Mason, October 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Caroline  County Coroners Inquisitions were processed around 2020 by LVA staff, after being removed from an unknown record series. In Fall 2024 the inquests were indexed by M. Mason.","Encoded by T. Harter, 2020; updated by M. Mason, October 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi05120.xml\"\u003eCaroline County (Va.), Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888\u003c/extref\u003e \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e .\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/whatwehave/local/lost/\"\u003eLost Records Localities Database\u003c/extref\u003e found at the Library of Virginia web site.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also:  Caroline County (Va.), Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888","Additional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  .\n","Caroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Caroline County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:54:11.013Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05119","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05119","_root_":"vi_vi05119","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05119","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05119.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1811-1912"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1811-1912"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1811-1912"],"text":["Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1811-1912","[IN PROCESS] Caroline County Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912, are digitized and available through the  Library of Virginia Digital Discovery   as the Coroners' Inquisitions Digital Collection\n","This collection is arranged in to","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1811-1912, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."," chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\n","Context for Record Type:  A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green.\n","Lost Locality Note:   Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.","Caroline  County Coroners Inquisitions were processed around 2020 by LVA staff, after being removed from an unknown record series. In Fall 2024 the inquests were indexed by M. Mason.","Encoded by T. Harter, 2020; updated by M. Mason, October 2024.","See also:  Caroline County (Va.), Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888","Additional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  .\n","Caroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site.","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Caroline County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1811-1912"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1811-1912"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Caroline County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["1 folder"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[IN PROCESS] Caroline County Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912, are digitized and available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/collectionDiscovery?vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia Digital Discovery \u003c/extref\u003e as the Coroners' Inquisitions Digital Collection\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["[IN PROCESS] Caroline County Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912, are digitized and available through the  Library of Virginia Digital Discovery   as the Coroners' Inquisitions Digital Collection\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in to\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1811-1912, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in to","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1811-1912, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."," chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note: \u003c/emph\u003e Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. The county seat is Bowling Green.\n","Lost Locality Note:   Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912. Local government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912. Local government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline  County Coroners Inquisitions were processed around 2020 by LVA staff, after being removed from an unknown record series. In Fall 2024 the inquests were indexed by M. Mason.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by T. Harter, 2020; updated by M. Mason, October 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Caroline  County Coroners Inquisitions were processed around 2020 by LVA staff, after being removed from an unknown record series. In Fall 2024 the inquests were indexed by M. Mason.","Encoded by T. Harter, 2020; updated by M. Mason, October 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi05120.xml\"\u003eCaroline County (Va.), Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888\u003c/extref\u003e \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e .\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/whatwehave/local/lost/\"\u003eLost Records Localities Database\u003c/extref\u003e found at the Library of Virginia web site.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also:  Caroline County (Va.), Health and Medical Records, 1802-1888","Additional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  .\n","Caroline County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Caroline County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Caroline County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1811-1912, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:54:11.013Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05119"}},{"id":"vi_vi02320","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Caroline County (Va.) Court Record, \n1829","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02320#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02320#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCaroline County Court Record, (Va.), 1829. The collection contains an affidavit pertaining to the orphans of John H. Demuse, 1829. The document was removed from Caroline County court records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02320#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02320","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02320","_root_":"vi_vi02320","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02320","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02320.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Court Record, \n1829"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Court Record, \n1829"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1177667\n"],"text":["1177667\n","Caroline County (Va.) Court Record, \n1829","Replevin--Virginia.","Affidavits--Virginia--Caroline County. ","Judicial records--Virginia--Caroline County. ","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County.","2 p.","There are no restrictions.\n","Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added later.\n","Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n","This record was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n","For additional information concerning the replevin of this item see Larry I. Vass Case records, 1781-1973, found at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and  The Chancery Records Index . \n","See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n","Caroline County Court Record, (Va.), 1829. The collection contains an affidavit pertaining to the orphans of John H. Demuse, 1829. The document was removed from Caroline County court records.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177667\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Court Record, \n1829"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Court Record, \n1829"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Court Record, \n1829"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in 2004 in a transfer. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Replevin--Virginia.","Affidavits--Virginia--Caroline County. ","Judicial records--Virginia--Caroline County. ","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Replevin--Virginia.","Affidavits--Virginia--Caroline County. ","Judicial records--Virginia--Caroline County. ","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["2 p."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis record was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added later.\n","Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n","This record was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Court Record, 1829. Local government records collection, Local Government Records Replevin Collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Court Record, 1829. Local government records collection, Local Government Records Replevin Collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor additional information concerning the replevin of this item see Larry I. Vass Case records, 1781-1973, found at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA051\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/chancery/index.htm\"\u003eThe Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available at Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more information and a listing of lost records localities see \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/guides/rn30_lostrecords.pdf\"\u003eLost Records research note\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For additional information concerning the replevin of this item see Larry I. Vass Case records, 1781-1973, found at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and  The Chancery Records Index . \n","See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County Court Record, (Va.), 1829. The collection contains an affidavit pertaining to the orphans of John H. Demuse, 1829. The document was removed from Caroline County court records.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Caroline County Court Record, (Va.), 1829. The collection contains an affidavit pertaining to the orphans of John H. Demuse, 1829. The document was removed from Caroline County court records.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:40:38.212Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02320","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02320","_root_":"vi_vi02320","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02320","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02320.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Court Record, \n1829"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Court Record, \n1829"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1177667\n"],"text":["1177667\n","Caroline County (Va.) Court Record, \n1829","Replevin--Virginia.","Affidavits--Virginia--Caroline County. ","Judicial records--Virginia--Caroline County. ","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County.","2 p.","There are no restrictions.\n","Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added later.\n","Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n","This record was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n","For additional information concerning the replevin of this item see Larry I. Vass Case records, 1781-1973, found at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and  The Chancery Records Index . \n","See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n","Caroline County Court Record, (Va.), 1829. The collection contains an affidavit pertaining to the orphans of John H. Demuse, 1829. The document was removed from Caroline County court records.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177667\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Court Record, \n1829"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Court Record, \n1829"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Court Record, \n1829"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in 2004 in a transfer. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Replevin--Virginia.","Affidavits--Virginia--Caroline County. ","Judicial records--Virginia--Caroline County. ","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Replevin--Virginia.","Affidavits--Virginia--Caroline County. ","Judicial records--Virginia--Caroline County. ","Local government records--Virginia--Caroline County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["2 p."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis record was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, consort of George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties in 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen were added later.\n","Most loose records and deed books prior to 1836 and will books prior to 1853 were stolen, mutilated, and/or destroyed by Union troops who ransacked the courthouse in May 1864. A near-complete run of order books exists.\n","This record was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Court Record, 1829. Local government records collection, Local Government Records Replevin Collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Court Record, 1829. Local government records collection, Local Government Records Replevin Collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor additional information concerning the replevin of this item see Larry I. Vass Case records, 1781-1973, found at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA051\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/chancery/index.htm\"\u003eThe Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available at Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more information and a listing of lost records localities see \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/guides/rn30_lostrecords.pdf\"\u003eLost Records research note\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For additional information concerning the replevin of this item see Larry I. Vass Case records, 1781-1973, found at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Caroline County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and  The Chancery Records Index . \n","See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County Court Record, (Va.), 1829. The collection contains an affidavit pertaining to the orphans of John H. Demuse, 1829. The document was removed from Caroline County court records.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Caroline County Court Record, (Va.), 1829. The collection contains an affidavit pertaining to the orphans of John H. Demuse, 1829. The document was removed from Caroline County court records.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:40:38.212Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02320"}},{"id":"vi_vi06665","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, \n1724-1947","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06665#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06665#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06665#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi06665","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06665","_root_":"vi_vi06665","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06665","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06665.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, \n1724-1947"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, \n1724-1947"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":[""],"text":["","Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, \n1724-1947",".","Identified Free Persons in Want of Registration, and Commonwealth Causes involving enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals are digitized and available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n","This collection is arranged  Series I: Free People in Want of Registration, 1841 Series II: commonwealth causes,1802-1836, pertaining to free and enslaved persons, and are arranged chronologically. Series III: Commonwealth causes, 1800-1900, arranged chronologically. Series IV: Criminal records, 1724-1947, unprocessed","Context for Records Type:","Free People in Want of Registration","Consists of lists of free Black and multiracial people confined to jail because they were without a free registration document or certificate proving their free status. In some localities, city sergeants or county sheriffs created reports for the court of individuals confined to jail. These documents serve as a certification record of who was in jail. Prisoners were required to pay the jail fees accrued during their time in jail. If they could not pay, they were hired out to cover the cost of their expenses. If this was the case, the document may indicate if they were hired out along with a totaling of expenses. For further research, search the minute books or court order books for the locality of interest.","Commonwealth Causes","Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.","The commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.","Locality History: Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. \n","Encoded by M. Mason, June 2026\n","See also:  Caroline County(Va.) Free and Enslaved Records","See also:  Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions ","Additional court records for Caroline County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Records related to free and enslaved people of Caroline County and other localities are available on Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.","Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1724-1947, consists of Free Persons in Want of Registration, 1841; Commonwealth Causes,1802-1836 , involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial people; Commonwealth cases,1800-1900 ; and various criminal records, 1724-1947","Free Persons in Want of Registration,1841, concerning John Jackson in which a Petersburg jailer writes to Caroline County clerk for a copy of certificate/free papers for John Jackson currently in jail who claims to have lost his but has been registered previously in Caroline County.","Commonwealth Causes, 1802-1836, related to free and enslaved Black and multiracial people consist of criminal cases heard where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved individuals. ","Causes commonly found against free Black and enslaved people include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, and arson. Commonwealth causes also include several cases, 1808, where the court charge several Black and multiracial enslaved individuals with \"consult, advise, or conspire to rebel or make insurrection.\" Enslaved individuals named in these causes include: Arch, Lewey, and Daniel","Commonwealth causes, 1800-1900, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals as well as all post-1866 commonwealth causes are loosely arranged chronologically but are otherwise unprocessed.","Criminal records, 1724-1947, consists of unprocessed records which include possible commonwealth causes, Justices' criminal records, and criminal reports. ","There are no restrictions.\n","","Library of Virginia; State Records Center\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":[""],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, \n1724-1947"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, \n1724-1947"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, \n1724-1947"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Caroline County Circuit Court under an undated accession. \n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["15 boxes 3 volumes digital images"],"extent_tesim":["15 boxes 3 volumes digital images"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIdentified Free Persons in Want of Registration, and Commonwealth Causes involving enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Identified Free Persons in Want of Registration, and Commonwealth Causes involving enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals are digitized and available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged \u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Free People in Want of Registration, 1841\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: commonwealth causes,1802-1836, pertaining to free and enslaved persons, and are arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Commonwealth causes, 1800-1900, arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Criminal records, 1724-1947, unprocessed\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged  Series I: Free People in Want of Registration, 1841 Series II: commonwealth causes,1802-1836, pertaining to free and enslaved persons, and are arranged chronologically. Series III: Commonwealth causes, 1800-1900, arranged chronologically. Series IV: Criminal records, 1724-1947, unprocessed"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Records Type:\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFree People in Want of Registration\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of lists of free Black and multiracial people confined to jail because they were without a free registration document or certificate proving their free status. In some localities, city sergeants or county sheriffs created reports for the court of individuals confined to jail. These documents serve as a certification record of who was in jail. Prisoners were required to pay the jail fees accrued during their time in jail. If they could not pay, they were hired out to cover the cost of their expenses. If this was the case, the document may indicate if they were hired out along with a totaling of expenses. For further research, search the minute books or court order books for the locality of interest.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Causes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Records Type:","Free People in Want of Registration","Consists of lists of free Black and multiracial people confined to jail because they were without a free registration document or certificate proving their free status. In some localities, city sergeants or county sheriffs created reports for the court of individuals confined to jail. These documents serve as a certification record of who was in jail. Prisoners were required to pay the jail fees accrued during their time in jail. If they could not pay, they were hired out to cover the cost of their expenses. If this was the case, the document may indicate if they were hired out along with a totaling of expenses. For further research, search the minute books or court order books for the locality of interest.","Commonwealth Causes","Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.","The commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.","Locality History: Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1724-1947  [Include series information]. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1724-1947  [Include series information]. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. \n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncoded by M. Mason, June 2026\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Encoded by M. Mason, June 2026\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04783\"\u003eCaroline County(Va.) Free and Enslaved Records\u003c/extref\u003e \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05119\"\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions \u003c/extref\u003e \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional court records for Caroline County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Caroline County and other localities are available on Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also:  Caroline County(Va.) Free and Enslaved Records","See also:  Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions ","Additional court records for Caroline County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Records related to free and enslaved people of Caroline County and other localities are available on Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1724-1947, consists of Free Persons in Want of Registration, 1841; Commonwealth Causes,1802-1836 , involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial people; Commonwealth cases,1800-1900 ; and various criminal records, 1724-1947\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFree Persons in Want of Registration,1841, concerning John Jackson in which a Petersburg jailer writes to Caroline County clerk for a copy of certificate/free papers for John Jackson currently in jail who claims to have lost his but has been registered previously in Caroline County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Causes, 1802-1836, related to free and enslaved Black and multiracial people consist of criminal cases heard where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved individuals. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCauses commonly found against free Black and enslaved people include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, and arson. Commonwealth causes also include several cases, 1808, where the court charge several Black and multiracial enslaved individuals with \"consult, advise, or conspire to rebel or make insurrection.\" Enslaved individuals named in these causes include: Arch, Lewey, and Daniel\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth causes, 1800-1900, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals as well as all post-1866 commonwealth causes are loosely arranged chronologically but are otherwise unprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCriminal records, 1724-1947, consists of unprocessed records which include possible commonwealth causes, Justices' criminal records, and criminal reports. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1724-1947, consists of Free Persons in Want of Registration, 1841; Commonwealth Causes,1802-1836 , involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial people; Commonwealth cases,1800-1900 ; and various criminal records, 1724-1947","Free Persons in Want of Registration,1841, concerning John Jackson in which a Petersburg jailer writes to Caroline County clerk for a copy of certificate/free papers for John Jackson currently in jail who claims to have lost his but has been registered previously in Caroline County.","Commonwealth Causes, 1802-1836, related to free and enslaved Black and multiracial people consist of criminal cases heard where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved individuals. ","Causes commonly found against free Black and enslaved people include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, and arson. Commonwealth causes also include several cases, 1808, where the court charge several Black and multiracial enslaved individuals with \"consult, advise, or conspire to rebel or make insurrection.\" Enslaved individuals named in these causes include: Arch, Lewey, and Daniel","Commonwealth causes, 1800-1900, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals as well as all post-1866 commonwealth causes are loosely arranged chronologically but are otherwise unprocessed.","Criminal records, 1724-1947, consists of unprocessed records which include possible commonwealth causes, Justices' criminal records, and criminal reports. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":[""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia; State Records Center\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia; State Records Center\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":27,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-04T13:11:22.560Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06665","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06665","_root_":"vi_vi06665","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06665","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06665.xml","title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, \n1724-1947"],"title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, \n1724-1947"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":[""],"text":["","Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, \n1724-1947",".","Identified Free Persons in Want of Registration, and Commonwealth Causes involving enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals are digitized and available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n","This collection is arranged  Series I: Free People in Want of Registration, 1841 Series II: commonwealth causes,1802-1836, pertaining to free and enslaved persons, and are arranged chronologically. Series III: Commonwealth causes, 1800-1900, arranged chronologically. Series IV: Criminal records, 1724-1947, unprocessed","Context for Records Type:","Free People in Want of Registration","Consists of lists of free Black and multiracial people confined to jail because they were without a free registration document or certificate proving their free status. In some localities, city sergeants or county sheriffs created reports for the court of individuals confined to jail. These documents serve as a certification record of who was in jail. Prisoners were required to pay the jail fees accrued during their time in jail. If they could not pay, they were hired out to cover the cost of their expenses. If this was the case, the document may indicate if they were hired out along with a totaling of expenses. For further research, search the minute books or court order books for the locality of interest.","Commonwealth Causes","Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.","The commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.","Locality History: Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. \n","Encoded by M. Mason, June 2026\n","See also:  Caroline County(Va.) Free and Enslaved Records","See also:  Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions ","Additional court records for Caroline County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Records related to free and enslaved people of Caroline County and other localities are available on Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.","Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1724-1947, consists of Free Persons in Want of Registration, 1841; Commonwealth Causes,1802-1836 , involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial people; Commonwealth cases,1800-1900 ; and various criminal records, 1724-1947","Free Persons in Want of Registration,1841, concerning John Jackson in which a Petersburg jailer writes to Caroline County clerk for a copy of certificate/free papers for John Jackson currently in jail who claims to have lost his but has been registered previously in Caroline County.","Commonwealth Causes, 1802-1836, related to free and enslaved Black and multiracial people consist of criminal cases heard where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved individuals. ","Causes commonly found against free Black and enslaved people include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, and arson. Commonwealth causes also include several cases, 1808, where the court charge several Black and multiracial enslaved individuals with \"consult, advise, or conspire to rebel or make insurrection.\" Enslaved individuals named in these causes include: Arch, Lewey, and Daniel","Commonwealth causes, 1800-1900, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals as well as all post-1866 commonwealth causes are loosely arranged chronologically but are otherwise unprocessed.","Criminal records, 1724-1947, consists of unprocessed records which include possible commonwealth causes, Justices' criminal records, and criminal reports. ","There are no restrictions.\n","","Library of Virginia; State Records Center\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":[""],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, \n1724-1947"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, \n1724-1947"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, \n1724-1947"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Caroline County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Caroline County Circuit Court under an undated accession. \n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["15 boxes 3 volumes digital images"],"extent_tesim":["15 boxes 3 volumes digital images"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIdentified Free Persons in Want of Registration, and Commonwealth Causes involving enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Identified Free Persons in Want of Registration, and Commonwealth Causes involving enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals are digitized and available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged \u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Free People in Want of Registration, 1841\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: commonwealth causes,1802-1836, pertaining to free and enslaved persons, and are arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Commonwealth causes, 1800-1900, arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Criminal records, 1724-1947, unprocessed\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged  Series I: Free People in Want of Registration, 1841 Series II: commonwealth causes,1802-1836, pertaining to free and enslaved persons, and are arranged chronologically. Series III: Commonwealth causes, 1800-1900, arranged chronologically. Series IV: Criminal records, 1724-1947, unprocessed"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Records Type:\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFree People in Want of Registration\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of lists of free Black and multiracial people confined to jail because they were without a free registration document or certificate proving their free status. In some localities, city sergeants or county sheriffs created reports for the court of individuals confined to jail. These documents serve as a certification record of who was in jail. Prisoners were required to pay the jail fees accrued during their time in jail. If they could not pay, they were hired out to cover the cost of their expenses. If this was the case, the document may indicate if they were hired out along with a totaling of expenses. For further research, search the minute books or court order books for the locality of interest.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Causes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003eCaroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Records Type:","Free People in Want of Registration","Consists of lists of free Black and multiracial people confined to jail because they were without a free registration document or certificate proving their free status. In some localities, city sergeants or county sheriffs created reports for the court of individuals confined to jail. These documents serve as a certification record of who was in jail. Prisoners were required to pay the jail fees accrued during their time in jail. If they could not pay, they were hired out to cover the cost of their expenses. If this was the case, the document may indicate if they were hired out along with a totaling of expenses. For further research, search the minute books or court order books for the locality of interest.","Commonwealth Causes","Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.","The commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.","Locality History: Caroline County was named for Caroline of Anspach, wife of King George II. It was formed from Essex, King and Queen, and King William Counties on 1 May 1728, and additional parts of King and Queen County were added in 1742 and in 1763. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1724-1947  [Include series information]. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1724-1947  [Include series information]. Local government records collection, Caroline County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. \n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncoded by M. Mason, June 2026\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Encoded by M. Mason, June 2026\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04783\"\u003eCaroline County(Va.) Free and Enslaved Records\u003c/extref\u003e \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05119\"\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions \u003c/extref\u003e \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional court records for Caroline County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Caroline County and other localities are available on Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also:  Caroline County(Va.) Free and Enslaved Records","See also:  Caroline County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions ","Additional court records for Caroline County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Records related to free and enslaved people of Caroline County and other localities are available on Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1724-1947, consists of Free Persons in Want of Registration, 1841; Commonwealth Causes,1802-1836 , involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial people; Commonwealth cases,1800-1900 ; and various criminal records, 1724-1947\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFree Persons in Want of Registration,1841, concerning John Jackson in which a Petersburg jailer writes to Caroline County clerk for a copy of certificate/free papers for John Jackson currently in jail who claims to have lost his but has been registered previously in Caroline County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Causes, 1802-1836, related to free and enslaved Black and multiracial people consist of criminal cases heard where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved individuals. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCauses commonly found against free Black and enslaved people include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, and arson. Commonwealth causes also include several cases, 1808, where the court charge several Black and multiracial enslaved individuals with \"consult, advise, or conspire to rebel or make insurrection.\" Enslaved individuals named in these causes include: Arch, Lewey, and Daniel\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth causes, 1800-1900, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals as well as all post-1866 commonwealth causes are loosely arranged chronologically but are otherwise unprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCriminal records, 1724-1947, consists of unprocessed records which include possible commonwealth causes, Justices' criminal records, and criminal reports. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Caroline County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1724-1947, consists of Free Persons in Want of Registration, 1841; Commonwealth Causes,1802-1836 , involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial people; Commonwealth cases,1800-1900 ; and various criminal records, 1724-1947","Free Persons in Want of Registration,1841, concerning John Jackson in which a Petersburg jailer writes to Caroline County clerk for a copy of certificate/free papers for John Jackson currently in jail who claims to have lost his but has been registered previously in Caroline County.","Commonwealth Causes, 1802-1836, related to free and enslaved Black and multiracial people consist of criminal cases heard where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved individuals. ","Causes commonly found against free Black and enslaved people include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, and arson. Commonwealth causes also include several cases, 1808, where the court charge several Black and multiracial enslaved individuals with \"consult, advise, or conspire to rebel or make insurrection.\" Enslaved individuals named in these causes include: Arch, Lewey, and Daniel","Commonwealth causes, 1800-1900, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals as well as all post-1866 commonwealth causes are loosely arranged chronologically but are otherwise unprocessed.","Criminal records, 1724-1947, consists of unprocessed records which include possible commonwealth causes, Justices' criminal records, and criminal reports. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":[""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia; State Records Center\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia; State Records Center\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":27,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-04T13:11:22.560Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06665"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":26},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Caroline+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Caroline+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book,              \n1940-1949","value":"Bowling Green Volunteer Fire Company Record Book,              \n1940-1949","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Bowling+Green+Volunteer+Fire+Company+Record+Book%2C++++++++++++++%0A1940-1949\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Caroline+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Caroline County (Va.) 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