{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Ballantine%2C+Elisha+%28Rev.%29\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Ballantine%2C+Elisha+%28Rev.%29\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":1,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8397","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Nathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers, 1846/1889, bulk 1862/1865","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8397#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Watkins, Nathaniel Venable","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8397#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLetters, chiefly 1862-1865, written by Nathaniel Venable Watkins to his wife Nancy Daniel Watkins. During the Civil War, Watkins served with Co. H, 4th Virginia Heavy Artillery, which became part of the 34th Virginia Infantry Regiment. Watkins appeared to have saw little combat, spending much of his time in defensive positions guarding artillery batteries. His unit was stationed at Gloucester Point (during the Peninsular Campaign), near Richmond (Chaffin's Bluff) and near Petersburg. His letters concern camp life, religion among the soldiers, his work as a clerk for courts-martial; and he gave directions to his wife concerning the management of their farm in Granville, North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8397#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8397","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8397","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8397","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8397","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8397.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Watkins, Nathaniel V. Family Papers","title_ssm":["Nathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Nathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1846-1889","1862-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1846-1889"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1862-1865"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1846/1889, bulk 1862/1865"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers, 1846/1889, bulk 1862/1865"],"text":["Nathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers, 1846/1889, bulk 1862/1865","Mss. 39.1 W32 and 2008.306","/repositories/2/resources/8397","Virginia","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 3rd","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 34th","Granville County (N.C.)--History--19th century","Peninsular Campaign, 1862","Prince Edward County (Va.)--History--19th century","Property tax","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)--Virginia","Slavery--Virginia--19th century","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)","Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Nathaniel Venable Watkins","Processed by Beth Holmes (1989) and Derek Stepp (1990). Box and Folder List compiled by Kassia Halcli, SCRC staff, in October 2011.","Letters, chiefly 1862-1865, written by Nathaniel Venable Watkins to his wife Nancy Daniel Watkins. During the Civil War, Watkins served with Co. H, 4th Virginia Heavy Artillery, which became part of the 34th Virginia Infantry Regiment. Watkins appeared to have saw little combat, spending much of his time in defensive positions guarding artillery batteries. His unit was stationed at Gloucester Point (during the Peninsular Campaign), near Richmond (Chaffin's Bluff) and near Petersburg. His letters concern camp life, religion among the soldiers, his work as a clerk for courts-martial; and he gave directions to his wife concerning the management of their farm in Granville, North Carolina.","The collection also includes correspondence of other members of the Watkins family of Prince Edward County, Virginia and of the Daniel family of Granville County, North Carolina. Some letters concern and are written by Richard H. Watkins who served in the Prince Edward Dragoons, 3rd Virginia Cavalry and who was a farmer in Prince Edward County, Virginia during Reconstruction.","The collection includes letters concerning slavery before and during the Civil War as well as letters written from formerly enslaved persons.","Charles Lewis Read is the father of Jane Eliza Read who married James B. Daniel. Their daughter, Nancy Venable Daniel, married Nathaniel Venable Watkins. Betsey Anne Ballentine was the sister of Nathaniel Venable Watkins.","Addition 2008.308 contains material for the Read, Daniel, Ballentine and Watkins families. The donor organized the papers and this order has been maintained.","Asks cousin if he will act as agent for their joint property in Virginia; encloses ten dollars for taxes on this property; tells of wave of immigration to California and Oregon; inquires about prices of negro boys and girls in Virginia; states the price in Missouri; and says this it is too high there.","Tells of his arrival at the University, his course load and his lodgings, including his roommate, Mr. Tallaferro (?) of Tidewater; relates his impressions of the University and surrounding area; asks that his family write to him.","Describes, rather disparingly, Christmas season in Prince Edward Court House; gives various items of family news; encourages Nathaniel to perservere in his studies at the University of Virginia; explains that Nathaniel has better future prospects than he does.","Scope and Contents Tells of trains being occupied with troops heading toward Petersburg and for the Peninsula, therefore he may not be able to travel toward Petersburg or Richmond; reports rumor of fighting near Newport News, but states that no one known anything; hopes that God will bless his wife and children in this trial. Including letter from Nathaniel V. Watkins, Richmond, Virginia, to Nannie V. Watkins, Townesville, North Carolina, Sunday evening, including news of travel to Richmond and descriptions of his acquaintances. Note: Addressed in error to Townesville, Virginia.","Gives description of his surroundings and plan for improving camp; talks of possibility of fighting soon on the Peninsula, Yorktown and of reinforcement of Fort Magruder; talks of the food available; describes the officers of his company; requests some items.","Describes his activities, such as standing duty; talks of prayer meetings which are held in the tent of the Orderly Sergeant; states that most of the Officers are pious; writes of potential fighting on Peninsula; requests that his wife and children write him more often.","Complains that he has received no mail in a couple of weeks even though others receive it; talks of the fighting on the Peninsula and their role across the river in detail; mentions his feeling of indifference before battle; tells Nannie not to be alarmed by news in papers, but only to rely on word of those in his company; mentions his deep desire to see her and the children.","Discusses possibility that the mail is responsible for his lack of letters; exhorts Nannie not to believe rumors in papers; states that troop morale is good and reinforcements come; mentions that all ladies have been banned from their lines and that most men are well; hopes that all is well at home; tells Nannie how important she is to him.","Talks mostly about how much he misses Nannie; mentions possibility of fighting in Gloucester Point; states that all men are well except Johny Booker (?) who is being sent to Richmond.","Describes in great detail activities and fighting on the Peninsula; mentions the Yankees' use of hot air balloon and sighting of two war steamers. Including, April 13, 1862, acknowledges letter from Nannie, narrates Sunday's activities including preaching, Bible study and prayer meetings; tells Nannie to have her father take control of their farm; asks negroes at home and sends his love; mentions General Joseph E. Johnston, the Peninsula fighting and alledged Confederate victories in the West.","Writes of his activities at home; asks father to visit him, says he is a good boy; illustrates letter with two small pictures.","Acknowledges receiving his letters; asks for another letters soon; writes of visiting a sick friend; narrates several items of family news.","Describes his surroundings, the big (York) river and ships on the river; (does not mention the Peninsular campaign or his activities therein); asks Charley to watch out for his little sister, continue to learn, and to mind his ma and grandma. Illustrates bottom of letter with picture of a horse.","Gives many details of everyday life; mentions that her mother is unwell; describes activities of two brothers also fighting in war; mentions a friend who might be converted.","Gives detail of his activities over the past few days; mentions enemy shelling of Confederate troops on Peninsula on Sunday evening perhaps to lower morale; tells of exchange of fire with enemy steamers; discusses increase in his relgious feelings due to his current situation. Including, April 16, 1862, acknowledges receiving Nannie's letter; thanks her for expressing her support of him and of his cause; asks about things at home on their farm; sends his love to the negroes; expresses feeling that he will be home in six months.","Scope and Contents Asks Nannie to excuse the manner in which he writes as he is often interrupted by boys talking to him; acknowledges receiving her letter; tells of great joy in camp because almost everyone received mail; states that mail is an incredible morale booster; asks Nannie to have her and her childrens' photograph taken for him; mentions that Gloucester Point was quiet, but that there was heavy fighting on the Peninsula; reports figures of those killed and wounded on both sides; says that Colonel McKinney of the 5th North Carolina (?) regiment killed in the fight; reports that their fortifications are twice as strong as when he arrived three weeks ago; mentions his view of Yorktown, York River and the Yankee Fleet; gives entire menu of the day's meals in detail. Including April 19, 1862, mentions large amount of reinforcements arriving from the Army of the Potomac and that General Ambrose Powell or Daniel Harvey (?) Hill is in Yorktown; tells of arrival of another first rate married man in his company; relates camp stories; says that all men are well and that he would be enjoying camp life like the others if he had not left so much behind.","All are well in camp except Daniel Booker who has the mumps; yesterday was a gloomy day for him, but that generally he feels as content and happy as others in the camp; asks for a bottle of ink and an ink stand; says that there is no news of interest because they do not know what is happening on the Peninsula; reports that he receives his Christian Observer regularly and enjoys it as it looks like home; describes a visit in Richmond as the cost of several purchases made there; comments on the cruelty of this war; asks for news of his children and negroes; explains decrease in their rations due to increase in army.","All is quiet both in his camp and on the Peninsula; notes seeing many transports carrying Yankee soldiers on the river; asks for more news and details from home; mentions his lack of trust in newspaper reports; complains of constant noise, bustle and confusion; asks for more news from home; inquires about his negroes and exhorts them to keep everything straight; writes that he is sorry he didn't see them before he left; describes being shelled by Yankee steamers; mentions increase in religiousness of a friend.","Discusses religious activities, such as Bible study and sermons, and mentions that several men have made confessions of faith; gives advice to Nannie on how to handle their separation, educate the children and states that they should be thankful for their fate which could be worse; states that Peninsula is still quiet, but that fighting must take place soon; the men are confident; says that Confederate lines are more strongly fortified than at Manassas and Centreville; army numbers eighty to a hundred thousand and is armed with enough amunition, cannons and artillery; mentions possibility of iron-clads; gives names of commaders-- General Joseph E. Johnston commands Army, General Hill the left wing resting on the York River, General James Longstreet the center, and General John Bankhead Magruder the right wing resting on the James River. Including letter dated April 28, 1862, exhorts Nannie to write longer letters and more frequently; gives detailed instructions for cultivation of his farm.","Describes negative, poor morale of men after they heard news of New Orleans defeat; expresses disappointment at increasing amount of profanity among men and that this will not help their cause with God; tells of his visit to Yorktown and Captain Baskerville; states that men in Yorktown are in good spirits, but more exposed to the weather; writes of several religious activities; comments on the beliefs of his officers. Including letter, April 30, 1862, mentions that he could see the enemy when he visited York; states that tomorrow he will have been in the service for one month.","Writes that they were issued muskets for a forced march; reports that they began the march, but turned back and now remain in camp; does not know reason for march; assures her he will be fine.","Gives details of their march from Gloucester Point; describes hospitality of people of King and Queen County as they passed through; says he does not know reason for leaving the Point; tells of several deserters; gives his love to his family and says they should all be grateful (incomplete).","Scope and Contents Now in the Army of the Peninsula, the Grand Army; describes various activities such as listening to sermons, visiting acquaintances in surrounding camps, bathing, and drilling; says his company has been divided into two-- one half, including our boys, to be left artillery, the other armed with muskets; mentions 18th Virginia Company and 23rd North Carolina Company; describes sight of six or seven thousand men on drill; reports that they are having an easier time in Light Artillery than the infantry have; knows nothing about whereabouts of army.","Writes of news received for Peninsula campaign including names of those wounded in their community; gives much family news regarding illnesses, gardens, etc.","Describes a miserable march and the manning of his gun; says that men stood the march well; says if he is made infantry he will attempt to transfer to another company; doesn't see how this force of eight or ten thousand can he whipped by any force. Including letter, April 18, 1862, gives instructions of where to write him; expresses concern for those at home due to outbreak of fever.","Describes the situation in the camp; says that he and the men are well; states that he cannot visit Richmond as he must be accompanied by an officer and have a pass signed by his captain and by General Hill and General Robert Emmett Rodes and this is almost impossible; gives two reasons for officers wanting to keep men in camp-- impending battle and to keep men away from liquor in Richmond; states his desire and work to transfer to another regiment to be in artillery.","Dissatisfied with his regiment because it is now infantry and because of selfishness at their captain; mentions also that he feels superior and better qualified than many of his officers; states that his friend Doc is at home on a 20 day furlough because of his dysentery (incomplete).","Writes of his homesickness and concern that he loves her and his family too much, and that he would trade all the glories won in all battles for an hour at home with his wife and children; mentions health precautions of drying his feet well; writes again of his transfer attempts; says that he and most of the men have been suffering from diarrhea.","Describes in much detail, the daily activities of camp for the past three days; mentions a failed attempt to join an artillery unit. Including letter, May 28, 1862, gives instructions for care of farm; requests more news from home, tells of busyness of camp. Enclosure: Two newspaper clippings from the Central Presbyterian.","Says that he is in Richmond due to a pain caused by passage of gravel from the kidneys to the bladder, a routine and not serious problem among men in the army; mentions a skirmish near the Chickahominy River where the Yankees were whipped; says they have been getting enough to eat despite rumours to the contrary; says morale is good; they are confident of holding Richmond; the tide of victory has turned in their favor and war will be over in a short time; thanks God for protecting his health and family; relates story of a fight where thankfully his company was spared. Including letter, June 2, 1862.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter of May 26 which encouraged him greatly; discusses his dislike of infantry service and desire to obtain a substitute; mentions that he has recovered from last week's illness; gives brief account of fighting on May 31 and June 1, Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks), although his party escaped involvement; gives more instructions of management of his farm. Including letter, June 5, 1862, requests new pair of shoes and blacking. Including letter, June 6, 1862, requests chewing tobacco and a blanket; tells of his stay in Richmond.","Mentions comfortableness of present camp compared to some others; describes in more detail the Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks) on May 31 and June 1; notes location of enemy (Union troops); comments on what they gained-- 200 prisoners, a commissary, tents and some artillery; describes prisoners, says that they are not better educated and certainly not more moral than southerners; tells of eating oranges and drinking good coffee obtained from the enemy; mentions death of a man in his mess from having his leg amputated; says that he is very thankful that he was spared from battle; thanks wife and family for all their prayers.","Has been transferred to Captain Bagby's company, Colonel Thomas Goode's Regiment Wises' Brigade; says he is now satisfied to be infantry because it is needed more and is happy to be out of the Chickahamoniy swamps; mentions that brother Dick's regiment is camped nearby and they have been able to see each other.","Explains family's nighttime prayers for his (NVM) safety; gives news of family members; describes her activities at their farm and general farming conditions; mentions a man from Clarksville who was visiting and buying provisions for the government.","Tells of much sickness in camp which he had luckily escaped; mentions improvements of new location, especially availability of good food; discusses the fact that his regiment probably won't fight soon due to their weakened condition and lack of training in infantry; expresses thankfulness again that his company was spared involvement in the recent battle in which there was much loss of life; acknowledges receipt of wife's letter and praises her support; sends his love to his family.","Tells of Doc's visit from Richmond, and thanks Nannie for the clothes and supplies she sent; repeats that it is impossible for him to get a furlough unless he becomes sick or obtains a substitute; gives a new address for his mail; exhorts her to write as often as possible, and to have faith that God's will will be done and will be good; acknowledges receipt of her letter and is sorry to hear that the negroes are sick with dysentery; gives instructions on the running of the farm; describes the helpfulness and attentiveness of woman and young girls with the sick in Richmond.","Describes in detail the health or sickness of various family members and friends; gives an acount of a recent battle (Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks)) which appeared in a letter from brother Dick (Richard W. Watkins).","Mentions that they have moved their camp a mile or so and are now on the James River; says that he likes his officers except for their profanity and that his new captain was generous in granting Johnny Booker a discharge and Abe suck leave; requests that she send Mr. Hayson some food to repay him for his kindness; mentions officers again and gives an unfavorable report, but does say that they are pious and allow the men religious freedom; states that things are run more efficiently with better food and medical care now that they have been fully reorganized; says that discipline is strict and duties light; feels that he is managing in the army better than he expected to; gives more instructions for the care of the farm.","Describes a night reconnaissance maneuver to observe the enemies activity on the river (James); says that he enjoyed the experience and getting out of camp; tells of dream he had while sleeping out in the clover which reminded him of home; asks Nannie to write him; inquires after the activities and work on his farm; gives instructions for work to be done on the farm; writes that he is well and describes condition, illnesses and wounds of others; wishes he could be at home; discusses possibility that sickness in camp is a result of lack of vegetables in their diet; tells of eating half-ripe cherries for which he would have shipped his negroes.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter for which he had been waiting for a long time; expresses concern for her health; exhorts her not to conceal her problems from him; mentions that he would prefer it if she would live at the farm if she is not too lonely as it would be better for the negores; expresses his growing disgust with army life, the injustices and officers failing in their duties to their men; says he is lucky to be removed from the main body of the army because he is able to get plenty of butter, chicken; gives prices of several food items; says he doesn't understand why there is so little fighting, while men wait ready and die of exposure; describes building of fortifications at Chaffin's Bluff; gives detailed instructions for the running of the farm; sends his love. Includes a postscript from June 27 with news of a friend.","Gives more news from camp; acknowledges receipt of her letter of June 19; sends his love to his family and negroes. Letter is virtually illegible; ink is extremely light.","Tells that his regiment avoided a great battle yesterday which occured 2-3 miles down the James River (one of Seven Days' Battles-- on June 30 June McClennon inflicted heavy losses on the Confederates while withdrawing across the Chickahominy River to a new base at Harrison's Landing on the James) because they were on pickett duty; mentions that there has been heavy fighting for the past week; hopes that they are demoralizing McClellan's army and that this will end the bloodshed; notes that he takes meals with overseer's family when he comes out on pickett; thanks God that he was spared; exhorts Nannie to have faith that all will be well; sends his love; gives news of some comrades.","States that he has returned to camp and received her letter; details the battle which raged from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. with a short intermission; notes that there is no definite word on the result, but he does not think they gained much; hopes that they will meet again soon.","States that enemy has been driven back and demoralized; says that losses have been estimated at not less than 10,000; writes that his regiment has not participated in any of the battles; describes a feeling of pain he has due to his separation from his family; wishes the North would realize the impossibility of conquering the South; describes strength of the position of fortifications at Chaffin's Bluff; requests news from home about their reaction to the battles and about the farm and family.","Expresses his weariness with the war and his desire to return home; states that he thought that furloughs would be possible after the battle (Seven Days' Battles) because McClellan's forces should no longer pose a threat; adds that McClellan's forces were not as devastated as he had first thought; discusses the slow mail service; writes that there were no religious services this Sunday; adds that there have been services off and on in the past, but nothing regular since they left Gloucester Point; states that there is a ditching party working this Sunday, but fortunately he has never been asked to work on the Sabbath; laments that they have been without a regular chaplain; feels that this would aid the men immeasureably; sees the army as a great missionary field; requests a pair of shoes and a box of blacking; sends his love.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter of June 19; notes that the difficulty with the mail must be near her; states how thankful and uplifted he was to receive such an ecouraging letter full of news from home; gives thanks that he and their friends have been spared from the battle and sickness; requests that Nannie answer his former questions about the farm; gives detailed instructions on things to be done on the farm; writes that they are now moving one mile to a nicer campsite; believes that McClellan's forces are stronger than the papers admit, but demoralized; tells how he and Doc (his friend) often exchange letters and talk about their wives which keeps their spirits up; sends love to family and friends.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter of July 3; thanks her for answering his questions; requests that she answer his remaining questions; writes that it is impossible for him to get a furlough at present because there are many sick in his company and regiment; states that eight men died in the last nine days; adds that most of their men have been absent from home much longer than he has; asks her to kiss the children for him.","Scope and Contents Discusses his application to Colonel Goode, through his Lieutenant for a furlough; states why it was denied; mentions that he will not despair yet; mentions that he is in very good health and that the new cause of sickness is fever; states that since he cannot come home she must bring the children to Richmond to see him; mentions that they do receive visitors at the camp. Including letter, July 13, 1862, writes of his Sunday spent on watch in the country; laments that he is cut off from all religious priviledges; thanks Nannie for sending so much news of home; hopes that their time will come soon to see each other. Enclosure: July 7, 1862. Pattie Watkins, at Mount Pleasant, Prince Edward County, Virginia, to her brother, Nathaniel V. Watkins. Details the sickness, care and death of their niece Mildred from diptherla; writes how much good it does both her and their mother to receive his letters; gives news of sickness, wounding and death of neighbors and friends.","Describes his conversation with Colonel Goode and aborted trip to Richmond in search of a furlough; writes that he has asked Mrs. Howlson to ask the Secretary of War about his case; mentions that after denying his furlough, Colonel Goode made a visit to Mecklenburg; believes that McClellan will make one more effort to take Richmond before giving up, either from the James RIver or from Fredricksburg, or attempt to cut off Petersburg; describes everyday camp life; feels that is a splendid gymnasium for young men and invalids. Includes letter, July 17, 1862, mentions another death from sickness; requests that his son, Charley, write to him; gives some instructions for the farm.","Letter almost completely illegible.","Describes another attempt to attain a furlough; requests that his wife look into finding a substitute for him as others have them; says he would be able to bear army life better if he could get home for a week every five months or so; tells of his activities in camp; states that the war in Virginia is quiet at this time.","Discusses his latest attempt to gain a furlough which was unsuccessful; again asks Nannie to seek a substitute for him and also ask her father's advice on the subject; complains about being kept in camp when they are doing so little, only drilling and ditching; states that they have meat about once a week, otherwise they mostly eat bread. Including letter, July 26, 1862, telling of the hot weather; states that the Yankees must be suffering more from it; writes that General Wise would not let them ditch during the worst of it. Letter is unfinished.","Acknowledges receipt of three letters from Nannie in six days; thanks her and reminds her how much they encourage and help him; tells of the captain's brother who has been spending a great deal of time at their camp both preaching and handing out tracks (tracts); describes the rotation of guard duty; writes of attempts to start a Bible study and prayers at night in the tents, but adds that there are too many interruptions to make this possible; describes Sunday's dinner. 3 pp. AL. Including ALS, [July 28, 1862], adding that he would give anything to see his family, but that a furlough, even if a substitute is provided, is out of the question at present; writes that he likes the idea of Nannie coming to Richmond and bringing the children, as he might be able to meet her there for a day.","Writes that her letters bring him much joy and that his happiness depends on her; adds that he would love to see Minnie (his daughter) as she learns to walk and talk; states thay he would still rather see his wife than anyone else. Including letter, July 30, 1862, discussing his lack of ability to concentrate due to the crowds of men who often engage in profane talk even though he is in one of the most moral companies; describes being interrupted by the field artillery Wise's Brigade which were practicing nearby; tells her about artillery and how the guns work; adds that he is glad she is not home alone.","Writes that he keeps all her letters and often re-reads them when he doesn't get new ones; describes the say as rainy; adds that his tent is often crowded and he is growing to hate crowds; discuss the arrival of some good food; asks Nannie to send him a box of fruit and vegetables from home to Richmond through a friend there; tells the prices of food stuffs which he feels are high; notes that due to presence of a large army in the area it is difficult to obtain food stuffs; Instructs Nannie on what to do with his flock of sheep on their farm. Including letter, August 1, 1862, reporting that he was awakened the previous evening by gunfire down the river and sending his love to his family.","Acknowledges receipt of Nannie's letter and is glad because she thought that perhaps Nannie or Nathaniel were sick; discusses sickness of their brother, Dicks, also a soldier and illnesses of friends, neighbors, and relatives; describes their new Methodist preacher; states that she likes their refugees very much; discusses crops; sends her love.","Scope and Contents Relates his growing disatisfaction with life as a soldier, the profanity around him and their idleness during the day; writes that he feels like a dying man who must fight in order to keep from smothering. Including letter, August 4, 1862, mentions again the captain's brother who has his headquarters at their camps and distributes tracks to soldiers; again asks Nannie to send him a box with fresh food which is not available in camp; hopes that Aunt Mary will do as his wife has done and entrust the care of \"her boysamp; to the heavenly Father; writes about the Sunday sermon; wishes she could have heard it; asks Nannie to encourage preacher to divide time between their camp and another; says that it would do the men good because although most of the privates and some officers are Christians, the regimental officers are profane and godless men; sends his love.","Writes regarding the condition of Henry who is sick; feels that he should stay in camp until he is well enough to travel; gives news of Daniel Booker who is on sick leave from the regiment; states that his is recovering nicely; discusses the prices and condition of crops in the area; mentions his visit to Nancy (Nathaniel's wife) and children; gives his regards to Dock and Sam.","Acknowledges receipt of several letters; writes that he is on picket to stop soldiers from stealing fowl; describes activities of regiment; likes peacefulness of forest; wishes Nannie could be with him; discusses again whether it is right to get a substitute; says he does not regret joining the Army and that every man should do his part; states that he is happy with his company; desires only to do his duty and then come home not to win military fame; writes of his new found love and appreciation for his wife; wishes he could be with her. Including letter, August 8, 1862, describing Boulware's farm. (Incomplete.)","Scope and Contents Notes that they have been living better due to some reinforcements from King and Queen County; discusses Nannie's moving to live with her father. Including letter, August 10, 1862, discussing the receipt and distribution of the boxes of fresh fruit and vegetables which Nannie had sent; mentions the Sunday sermon; speaks of a rumor he'd heard that said he had been discharged from the Army. Including letter, Nathaniel V. Watkins, at Camp Chafin's Farm, to his son Charley Watkins, August 9, 1862, describing his life around camp and asking Charley to be a good boy and learn to read and write.","States that he will only be able write short notes for a few weeks as he will be occupied as recorder for court marshall proceedings with General Evans as president of the court; writes that here had been considerable movements of troops in all directions, but he has not yet heard what it means; describes the passing through of about 140 Yankee officers on their way to be exchanged; sends his love.","States that she thought he had been sick or transferred to Jackson; writes that she is relieved he has not been; states her gratfefulness for his letters which are so full of love and encouragement; gives news from home, especially of children's activities; mentions that she will attempt to persuade Mr. Hines to go to her husband's camp as a regular preacher; agrees that the Army is a good opportunity to do good; says that the negroes would like to have been at the sermon and meeting he mentioned in his last letter; states that she is happy that he is where he is; believes it is Providence and that all is in God's hands.","Writes about how it seems that everyone has gotten home except he; feels that this separation has caused them to recognize and appreciate their love; states that the court marshall is not keeping him as busy as he had anticipated; mentions possibility of Nannie meeting him in Richmond. Including letter, August 15, 1862, describing a good dinner he had the evening before; requesting Nannie to send stewed tomatoes; adding that his regiment is the only one to be doing detached work, the others have all been sent to Jackson; writes that the enemy soldiers are of the lowest classes and that they cannot possibly know the devastation of war which has all been fought on southern soil; wishes for peace now; inquires about his crops.","Discusses court marshall cases which are keeping him busy; writes of box full of food which sis[ter] Sue sent; believes that his battalion is being kept by the river for defensive purposes; writes that their separation is becoming harder to bear, notes that he has not been home because he has been blessed with health; believes that they will remain stationary for at least a month otherwise all the court marshalls would not be being held.","Discusses the progression of the war; mentions that a North Carolina Brigade (Martin's) is on opposite side of the river; feels that Yankees are waiting for reinforcements before they strike; notes that their numbers are increasing too, but he is not sure where they are coming from; says that he has been feeling a but sick, but it is nothing serious; requests some items he will be needing for the winter; company is again feeling up to par; wishes he could be home for the coming winter.","Very pleased to have acquired a new tent, which sleeps four comfortably; remarks how well a soldier sleeps; acknowledges receiving her letter of August 14, 1862; this is a lonesome and empty year for him; Doc (?) has been offered the appointment to Lt. General of the 25th North Carolina regiment, but has not accepted yet; rest of army has moved to other side of river, and their regiment is the last remaining area; Yankee troops have given up the fight for Richmond from below; McClellan has moved his base; says that he is feeling much better since he wrote last; acknowledges receiving letters from Daniel (?) and Mr. Booker (?), who speak of despair in the country; does not yet know when a furlough will be offered to him, but he receives one day in winter; remembers fondly days of abusing the Yankees; sends his love.","Acknowledges receiving her letter of August 27, 1862; glad to have heard from Martha (?); Doc (?) did accept his newly assigned post and is now in Richmond; begs his wife to tell him if troubles arise at home; concerned with their runaway slave Tommy; gives some suggestions for the upcoming harvest; her Pa (?) might consider getting more help, because the negroes \"for their own sakes\" should not be left alone; has received a two day pass and will be going to Richmond to get away from camp; wishes he could break the blockade and go home; asks if his wife and children might come to Richmond; thinks it would be best to sell crops for cash to the neighbors; no war news to report; sends his love.","Happy to hear he has received the box of vegetables so soon; their borther Dick visited but was not looking well; Dick did get several new recruits among the prisoners; illness has struck hard amny of their friends and cousins, but their neighborhood and immediate family are fairing well; have had some severe rains which have damaged Mr. Redd's (?) tobacco crop, but the corn crop is excellent; fruit is scarce, partly due to a drought; Horace Booker (?) was involved in the Battle of Cedar River, and took General Prince.","Speaks of the children Charley and Minnie and how they are handling the situation; fears Minnie may forget him; hopes the war does not continue though Lincoln's administration as some tell her; she misses him and sends her love. Including letter from Charley Watkins, to his father, Nathaniel V. Watkins, is having a good time at his grandpa's but misses his father.","Concerned with certain aspects of the war; relays news of family and friends; gives details of crop situations.","Relays news and health of family and friends; news of the battles of Manassas and Warrenton Springs have reached the family; gives details of crop situations.","Describes his camp life and the wildlife surrounding the camp.","Concerned with his continued denial of a furlough; troubles with the mail service are arising; advises his wife on farm matters and especially on crops of tobacco and wheat; problems concerning his slaves and their runaway slave Tommy are mentioned; also discusses using negroes in camp; describes his abundance of free time in camp; his court work continues; descriptions of the camp, camp members, and surrounding area are made; camp provisions are discussed, such as various clothing and food stuffs; many religous functions are taking place in the camp; mentions battles and fighting around Williamsburg, Manassas, Harper's Ferry, and Washington; mentions uprisings in both Kentucky and Missouri; prisoner exchanges are taking place; believes peace is coming soon.","Fears spread of diptheria, scarlet fever, and measles; conveys news of family and friends; news that corn and tobacco crops are doing well; detailed descriptions of making cloth and dyeing are given.","Concerning a request for a furlough.","Chances for a furlough are becoming slim; sickness, namely remittent fever has hit the camp as well as himself; camp life such as new housing, company provisions, and numbers of news arrivals is discussed; mentions that provisions such as warm clothing are needed from home; concerned with the sale of his slave Tommy; news of the war is increasingly discouraging; details of a new exemption bill are discussed; resuming his work with the court; advises his wife on crops of tobacco and wheat as well as their orchard of apples and peaches; pros and cons of using a substitue are given.","Has sent him the provisions he requested; suggests he should transfer to the Prince Edward cavalry, under the command of General J. E. S. Stewart (Stuart); relays family news.","Attempts boosting his morale and advises him on his problems with getting a furlough; fears that the Yankees will attempt cutting off Richmond from the rest of the South; suggests he not purchase any more slaves and instead should invest in land which is more valuable; slaves as a property are uncertain; relays family news, health of negroes and children.","Relays family news; mentions Brother Dick's opinion of General \"J. E. B.\" Stewart (Stuart) and his raids into Pennsylvania; sickness is hitting friends and family hard; there is a spirit of marrying about; prices for tobacco are high; there is a real need for salt.","Sees no signs of war ending any time soon, and in fact, the North seems even more united; news concerning his negroes is discussed in detail; obtaining a substitute does not look possible at the present time; their new housing has been completed; they are starting up a literacy club to pass time; the weather is getting worse; discusses his limited company duties; describes the court in which he works, speaks of slave use in camp and at the court; relays news of friends in his company; religious events which occur in camp are explained; has been quite depressed; glad to hear of his wife's growing independence; worried about hs mounting debt; gives farm advice; asks for certain provisions from home; frustrated with his continued denial of a furlough; troubles with the mail continue; tells of the blockading of the James River by using both \"sharp-shooters\" and submarine batteries; discusses the extensive ditches and breastworks surrounding Richmond; wishes to sell 300-350 of his 1200 acres; there is no news concerning military battles; mentions the Charlotte cavalry.","Is very concerned with the fact that his wife has been ill; seeks his wife's advice in many matters; while there is an abundance of clothing, the scarcity of shoes is an extreme problem; unless he receives a furlough, is determined to leave the service; continued improvments in camp are carried out; is quite critical of certain commanders; describes religious activites in camp; relays news of his tobacco crop and its going rate; still eager to sell some of his land and pay off his debt; gives details concerning their literary club; discusses, in detail, their execution of firing drills; mentions the Seven Pines; is coping with the bad weather rather well, unlike the negroes in camp; complains about provisions of beef, pork, and lack of butter and sugar; postage is getting high; frequent resignations of generals are taking place; Pickett's division is moving from Richmond to Charleston, South Carolina; signs of peace are becoming more apparent; there are wide-spread rumors of disaffection in the Northwest; gives advice concerning farm and crop trip are given; refers to his stopping at the Wolf Trap depot; (?) in his part of the army; refers to the Southern Literacy Messenger and claims it is a very good paper; Yankees have crossed at Fredricksburg, Virginia and there is a threatened advance being made by Burnside [?]; troops in Richmond and Petersburg are being moved to aid Gen[eral] Lee; there is also action taking place on the James River.","Asks advice on certain family matters; relays family news; dyptheria is becoming quite common among children; tells of troubles with certain negroes as well as the use of negroes in fortifying Weldon; relays facts of a neighbor's will, including provisions for his children and negroes.","Relays news of brother Dick and his fellow soldiers running the blockade for cheaper provisions; updates her on family news; both the weather and roads are poor; refers to the Prince Edward cavalry and the Lee Guards; the weather is contributing to an increase in poor health.","Relays news of their mother's illness as well as other family matters; the poor weather is contributing to an increase in illnesses; refers to the Prince Edward troop and Lee Guards.","Fears his children will forget him; writes of the camp surroundings and the \"big guns;\" wishes his son to learn his letters; has sketched a rough picture of a sickly dog they named Yankee.","Concerning his activities at home.","Is delighted to hear that his wife's health is improving; his chances for a furlough are increasing with the new lottery system; gives details of their shrinking Bible classes and prayer meetings in camp; artillery work is being done around camp; the weather continues to cause problems, especially to their new housing; gives details of the camp's winter provisions; relays stories of his times on guard duty; the size of their company continues to grow; comments on the lack of gentleman remaining in the camp; makes other judgements of camp companies; there is little going on, in and around camp; the mood in camp seems to be low; his health is generally good; gives advice to his wife concerning the next season's crops as well as possible land sale; is attempting to acquire a little negro to care for his wife while she is recovering; their daughter Minnie has also apparently been ill; recommends his wife acquire the Southern Literacy; is unhappy to learn that some of his negroes have been drafted to work on fortifying Weldon; a land dispute has erupted at home which he believes his wife can handle; Southern women will have to accept more responsibility when the war is over; prospects for peace are brightening, possibly by late spring or summer; it is believed also that Lee's army is in better health and spirits than it has ever been; there is a good deal of movement occurring with the Confederate troops; gives details of numerous army and especially naval victories for the South; the union army is rumored to lose 300,000 men by May 1, due to the end of their terms; there is also unrest growing in the northwest and Kentucky, due in part to the raising of black troops; the enemy has also given up on the idea of taking Richmond by way of Fredricksburg. 8 items, ALsS; 2 items, ALs.","Is worried about the late snow, which is proving harmful to their livestock and planting; whooping cough is running rampant among the negores; and they are beginning to get ill as well; relays family news; understands brother Nathaniel V. Watkins has bought a furlough; gives account of brother Dick's (?) charge of a regiment of Yankees; has heard news of friends in the north; refers to the gratifying tobacco prices in the region.","Comments on making it through the extremely harsh and wet winter, which has put off planting; understands he has received a furlough; they are having problems with the spread of whooping cough.","Gives a detailed account of brother Dick and his brigade's attack on a Yankee party; this attack was under the command of a General Fitz Lee; refers to a battle at Kelly's Ford, where the Confederate troops did not fare so well; relays news of family and friends, including those who have been wounded and killed; refers to charges made by the Prince Edward Cavalry, and the reactions made by General Jeb Stuart; the family is suffering with colds and the whooping cough; the children, especially the negro children, are suffering the greatest.","Is upset that he has not received a letter from her as of late; fears the problem lies with the postal service; bustle and confusion are present in his quarters; changes with leadership are occurring in camp; the Confederate army is in desperate need of naval officers; has been in the service for a year now and is growing quite tired of army life; desperately wishes war would end; relays news of certain camp members; gives details of recently received packages from Richmond; receives a furlough for the 16th of March; health continues to be well; states that recruiting is a suitable way for officers to receive long furloughs; there are few men left to recruit, due to the new Conscript Act; weather improves but then grows worse again; no fighting is expected in the area; there is a growing tiredness of war, yet pride keeps the soldiers loyal; relays details of his return to camp; have been given permission to cultivate their own gardens; his faith in God is growing stonger; asks for provisions from home; as well as news concerning his farm; is growing quite worried over the spread of diptheria among children; provisions in camp are becoming scarce; gives his wife some farm advice.","Due to the weather, the camp, especially the roads, need work; has cut down on his chewing of tobacco at his wife's request; provisions in camp continue to worsen; he refuses to eat any of the meat supplied to the camp; due to the weather and condition of the roads, there is little movement among the armies; have kept the enemy in check during the winter; the cases of diptheria have begun to lessen, and he hopes his family is doing well; planting in the surrounding area has begun.","Regretfully informs him of the death of their son Charley R. Watkins.","Relays news of health of family and friends; is concerned about Nannie V. Watkins and her health; the children there are finally getting over the whooping cough, but now suffer with cases of chicken pox and scarlet fever; the planting of their crops has begun; gives details of a cavalry unit from South Carolina which was stationed near their home; speaks, in detail, of a southern sympathizer in Baltimore.","Was sorry to learn of the death of his son Charley R. Watkins, but is happy to hear that his daughter Minnie H. Watkins was feeling better; gives details of how Nannie V. Watkins is reacting to Charley's death; is grateful that God has spared his own family.","Was very sorry to hear of Charley R. Watkins's death; the children there have nearly recovered from the whooping cough.","Informs him that their orders to evacuate the bluff have been cancelled; expresses his regrets at Charley R. Watkins's death; wishes him well and hopes he enjoys his stay at home.","Attempts desperately to console him; knows how he feels, because her child Lilie (?) also has passed away; hopes the area's health will improve with the coming of warmer weather.","Was shocked and upset to learn of his son Charley R. Watkins's death; attempts comforting Nathaniel; writes of his service in the cavalry and the state of the Confederate troops; states what a great negative effect the death of General \"Stonewall\" Jackson has had on the army; gives details of General \"J. E. B.\" Stuart and his attempts to raise a large cavalry force, including his own, the Hampton brigade, and Fitz Lee's brigade; writes of the difficulties in acquiring newspapers; it has been rumored that Lincoln has called out an additional 500,000 troops; refers to his service on a board which examines and condemns horses which are unfit for service.","Insists that Nannie come and stay with her; relays news of the family; the children there are getting well again; writes of the religious services held in the area; the crops in the area are suffering from a lack of rain; it's been very cool and dry; it seems to be more difficult acquiring furloughs; is having trouble getting summer cloth woven in time.","Hopes Nannie V. Watkins will come for a visits and that he will be able to join her; a hailstorm has damaged the wheat and watermelon crops; the corn crops are doing well; the health of the family is generally good; states that she will be sending him provisions.","Scope and Contents Wishes to visit her sister-in-law Pattie Watkins but thinks it wise to wait until late July or August, when they should be over the whooping cough; their daughter Minnie H. Watkins had again taken ill but has fully recovered; have commenced cutting wheat but the rain is slowing them down; the crops of corn and pumpkin are doing well; refers to soldiers running the blockade and confiscating Yankee provisions; relays news of family and friends; the neighborhood id getting healthy again; deeply mourns the death of their son, Charley R. Watkins; gives details of church services held in the area; states how much his family, the Smileys (his overseer), and his negroes love and miss him; refers to her boarding of Confederate soldiers; has had a problem with one of the negroes burning down his house; is ashamed of the luxury in which she lives compared to the hardships soldiers must face; assumes he is keeping up with his Bible class; expresses her dislike for the \"drinking and profane officers;\" mentions the task of exchanging their wool for cotton; Smiley (their overseer) has been possibly ordered into service, and Nannie will have to watch over the farm; will send him the shoes he needed; has heard that the war effort is going well; Grant is weakening in the west and Lee is in control of the east; is hopeful about their success at Vicksburg and their holding of Fredericksburg; refers to the tyranny of the Yankee troops and the actions taken against the Southern civilians; expresses doubt concerning the actions of West Tennessee; God will see the South through the war and deliver them the victory; the prospects for peace are very bright.","Gives details of his return to camp following his short furlough; travelled with 500 Yankee prisoners which were to be exchanged; refers to the Yankee raids in VIrginia; his duties in camp have increased; the victory at Fredricksburg was both a boost and damaging to the Confederate troops, due to the death of \"Old Stonewall\" discusses his chances of acquiring another furlough; refers to the dependent condition of their negroes; all the men in camp are in fine spirits; wishes to invest his money in Confederate bonds; is interested in the movement of Pickett's division; poor provisions are being offered to many companies; believes war will end by late summer; writes about various camp members and friends; fears there may be another battle at or near Fredricksburg soon; General Robert E. Lee is increasing his cavalry forces; refers to the numerous Confederate victories; relays the experiences of a Confederate prisoner's stay in a Yankee camp; it is rumored that Yankee's are holding 7,000 negroes on Canary Island; states the Quarter Master is quite inefficient; refers to a Congressional Act concerning provisions for paying off debts; in anxious to hear of matters concerning his farm and crops; fears for the wheat crops in the South; wishes his wife to visit his sisters in Prince Edward County, Virginia; misses his son, Charley R. Watkins, very much; needs provisions from home.","Scope and Contents Relays family news; gives her reactions to the fall of Vicksburg; refers to the wet and warm weather which kept them from working on the crops; due to the rainy weather, the rivers are impassable; gives details of a company of soldiers and their stay overnight; one of the neighbor's negro woman has run off; have commenced weaving their cotton; are experiencing little ailments, but are generally in good health; wishes he would visit. Including letter from Millie Watkins, to her brother, Nathaniel V. Watkins. Is a little under-the-weather but will write soon and wishes him to do the same.","There was a massive transport of Confederate troops to Richmond, due to a new Yankee advancement on the capital; refers to a Yankee attack of a bridge over the Southhanna River; does not speak well of the general in charge at Richmond; fears Richmond may be taken; states that Southerners are much too secure in their thoughts and actions; is hopeful now that Robert E. Lee has entered Pennslyvania; gives details of a North Carolina cavalry unit's stay at their farm; Robert E. Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania is believed to be going well; papers of both the North and South are writing in terms of peace; men returning home for horses are not finding this task easy; has learned that Vicksburg has fallen; there South must put their faith in God and assume He will make the right decision; is disgusted with those who feel the South will lose; is relieved to hear that Lee has recrossed the Potomac; the Southern people are growing tired of the war; it is rumored that Yankees are advancing on Weldon; refers to President Jefferson Davis' proclamation calling for another day of fasting and prayer; frequent raids are being made by the Yankees; fears defeat; the extreme amounts of rain are causing problems with the crops; gives details of the neighbors; often refers to her dead son Charley R. Watkins and their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; relays news of their family and friends, as well as the ailments afflicting them; have begun hiving bees; gives news of church matters; conveys news of the livestock; mentions the scores of family and friends killed, wounded or taken prisoner at the Battle of Gettysburg; rivers have become impassable; there are many cases of theft occurring; gives details of her visit home to Brookland [?]; refers to the work being done by the negroes; a survey and sale of a parcel of his land has taken place; refers to the cruel treatment exercised on a neighbor's negro.","Relays details of a visit by relatives; recent deaths and illnesses affecting friends and family are discussed; facts concerning the schooling in the area are given; refers to the numerous soldiers killed in \"the Battle\" (of Gettysburg); relays church news; mentions that state of their vegetable gardens; hopes he is over his chills.","Is quite worried about the sickness prevailing within her family; distemper; has killed a great number of their cows and oxen; their crops are suffering as much as she assumes they are in North Carolina; refers to the neighbors aiding them with their recent problems; relays news of visits by family and friends.","Ransom (?) has driven the Yankees from Weldon (?); is becoming increasingly impatient for the end of the war; they have heard gunfire nearby; the war effort is not going well; refers to a gunboat battle on the James River; recounts again how many of their friends were killed in the Battle of Gettysburg; hopes for an exchange for those soldiers who were taken prisoner; believes the South must once again renew their faith in God if the war is to be won; refers to the upcoming \"fast day\" and hopes it will be faithfully observed; is quite worried about her husband and \"the chills\" which he has been experiencing; mentions frequently the number of friends who are coming down with dysentery, diptheria, and typhoid fever; gives a detailed account of recent deaths; recent church news is given; the schooling of the local children has once again commenced; gives a detailed account of the progress in their crops of wheat, corn, tobacco, and oats; there is a shortage in their stock of sheep as well, due to the stealing of the sheep by runaway negroes; often mentions their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; is considering visiting family in Prince Edward County, Virginia; refers to the necessity of weaving their own cloth; mentions the increasing number of robberies in the area including the illegal entry into their own home; is delighted to learn that furloughs are again being issued.","Receives news of Nathaniel's hopes for a furlough or substitution; makes many references to their children; relays family, church and neighborhood news; sickness in the area continues, and the negroes are being hit hard; discusses schooling in the area; news of the crops is minimal; refers to troop movement and Nathaniel's move to Charleston, South Carolina; is angered at those young men escpaing military duty; mentions artillery fire in the area; refers to the \"sharp-shooters\" in Charleston; Beauregard (?) will save Charleston; states that \"our officers are strict;\" refers to the duties of her husband is performing; is quite worried about Nathaniel's health; refers to her chores at home; mentions a neighbor's trip to Petersburg and the Natural Bridge; the well-being of their negroes is discussed, as well as the trouble some negroes are causing; relays news of theft in the area; believes the war effort is still going well; reminds Nathaniel to avoid the temptation of alcohol.","Relays church news; refers to the well-being of friends and neighbors; home chores and laboring on the crops continues; mentions their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; refers to the emptiness of many local stores; schooling of the children continues; gives details of the trading being done at the \"Fork\" a local election is taking place; stealing is occuring by the female negroes; updates on their negroes are made; is having problems finding someone to manage the farm another year; refers to revivals taking place in the army; lectures her husband on attending his Bible class and on the evils of drinking; discusses Nathaniel's hopes of getting a furlough or substitute; relays news of General Beauregard's efforts at saving Charleston; fear of a \"great battle\" in Tennessee is growing; mentions a fight at Chattanooga (?); is pleased to learn Nathaniel has accepted a higher and less taxing position; is worried that he has sent to Jones' Island, \"the most dangerous place around Charleston.\"","Gives details of Richmond's and Petersburg's attempt to feed General Robert E. Lee's troops at Christmas; relays news of his condition to camp; is worried about the fact that their caretaker has been sent into the army; the number of furloughs granted has increased; is sorry to hear of the unrest in the neighborhoods; refers to the desertions being made to the enemy; there is a real need for more horses; asks for many provisions; the army appears to be still optimistic; gives instructions concerning his crops; refers to the intense fighting going on around him at Chaffin's Farm and Welson.","Refers to the fail of Atlanta; comments on recent Yankee advancements; the chase between Early (?) and Sheridan (?) is ongoing in his area; contemplates and reflects on the times they live in; wonders about the success of \"Old Bob\" (Robert E. Lee) and his tactics of war; refers to the plundering done by Yankees; the cost of a calvary are proving to be too much.","Is continuing his religious committment in camp; frequently comments on his hopes for a furlough or Nannie visiting; camp life is often discussed; advises Nannie on what to do with his crops and other farm matters; refers to the fail of Atlanta, Georgia, Savannah, Georgia, and possibly Petersburg, Virginia; spirits are still high and the number of desertations have lessened; is upset over the greed and corruptness spreading throughout the southern people and officers; negroe sales are becoming difficult; believes negroes should be fighting along with Confederate soldiers; flood damage is affecting travel; refers to talks and fears of Reconstruction and emancipation; a delay in payment is hurting the Confederate army; sharp-shooters are mentioned frequently; Richmond may have to be evacuated; feels the war will end soon; discusses weaknesses of the South; provisions are needed; rumors of an armistice are surfacing; feels President Lincoln is reloading his army; refers to General Wise and his hopeful speeches; the local railroads may be taken; gives advice on how to properly raise their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; fighting has increased in area; mentions an exchange of prisoners; refers to the strengths of the armies; news has spread of General Sherman and his march through the South; gives a description of General Robert E. Lee and his command.","Is frequently updated on family news; wishes his wife to visit him; due to the recent epidemic of measles, is worried about his daughter Minnie H. Watkins; feels the Southern people are not doing enough for the cause; is quite hurt by the conduct of his negroes at home; gives advice on his crops; asks for provisions; is worried over the disappearance of his negroes; the overuse of trains has slowed the mail; soldiers remaine determined; desertions have ceased; Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia, have artially have been evacuated; restraints have been placed on the press; worries about General Sherman are rising; relays news of religion in camp; rains are damaging the roads and is restricting the movement of troops; mentions a victory at Kinston (?); refers to North Carolina Governor Vance's appeal for provisions for General Lee's army; gives news of shelling incident in camp.","Relays news of his move from Petersburg, Virginia; refers to Early's (?) disasterous campaign in western Virginia; gives a description of camp life; there are a number of surrounding forces; sharp-shooters are constantly at work; gives farm advice.","Many railroads have been seized by the enemy; rumors are spreading of Yankees around Richmond, Virginia; it is rumored that General Sherman has been defeated; Confederate troops are hopeful; relays news of his regiment and their fighting; hopes to raise a negro regiment are rising; religious news in camp is discussed; relays news of his time of the picket line; heavy fighting continues around Petersburg, Virginia; refers to General Robert E. Lee's fight with General Sherman; the southern people put much faith in General Lee; intense shelling of cities are occuring; troops are encouraged by victory at Petersburg, Virginia.","Relays news of family visits; refers to health conditions; the Prince Edward County, Virginia cavalry is on display; gives update on crop conditions; insists that Nathaniel takes care of his tobacco; relays news of the commotion being caused by the freed negroes; are having many problems with the Yankees; likes President Andrew Jackson better than President Abraham Lincoln; Johnson understands the negro.","Relays farm news; health problems are prevalent in the family; children's progress in school is continuing; refers to religious event taking place; bankruptcies are spreading.","Is worried and anxious to hear from her family since the war has ended; relays news of sickness in the family; gives miscellaneous family news; life after war is rough; salaries are smaller and prices are higher; puts her faith in God.","Refers to problems Nathaniel is having with increasing debts; tells Nathaniel to put his faith in God; he is doing much better; has formed a Conservative Party in hopes of defeating the new Constitution of the Radicals; relays farm news.","Discusses his move to Farmville and 212 acre plantation he has acquired; matters are going well; refers to Nathaniel's debt problem and the sale of his land; invites Nathaniel and his family to live with him; complains of the cough and cold he has had since the war.","Mentions a compromise made with his creditors; the exchange of land, livestock, and money are involved; is taking advantage of the Bankruptcy Act; his family is sick with colds; prefers staying at his own home rather than moving in with Richard; hopes to open a little school and take in boarders.","Things are going well; gives news of family and friends; relays church news; is concerned about her garden and fowls; mentions how their daughter Minnie and Nannie are doing.","Relays news of his crops and her garden; refers to sicknesses in the neighborhood; updates her on the family and neighborhood news; mentions his involvement in the church; is having a problem with debts; drought conditions and later heavy rains damage his crops; refers to his tenant farmers and their inadequate work compared to slave hands; blames negroes and Yankees for the hard times; there is a lack of both old and new scholars; is unhappy to be separated from his wife and children; refers to the condition of his livestock; gives advice on the raising of their children; is busy organizing church records of membership.","Encourages Nathaniel to keep his land soley owned and not to go into partnership; mentions the numerous problems in the area all stemming from sickness and the Yankees; advises Nathaniel on his debt problems; they must all put their faith in God; death is running rampant through areas of Virginia; his own child had died; refers to the effects of the death of General Robert E. Lee; the search for wealth is overshadowing the need for character; mentions his dislike for the new state Constitution; gives crop news; discussses the many problems with finding labor; relays family news.","Refers to numerous family matters and chores; mentions the quiet Christmas they spent; discusses the health of the family; since negroes are moving further south, laborers are scarce; there is a shortage of ice; gives news of schooling in the area; the mild winter was appreciated.","Refers to the religious revivial in the area; comments on Nathaniel's debt problems; relays family news; drought conditions continue; their sisters are not well and have gone to certain springs to recover; mentions the celebration of their mother's 81st brithday; discusses their garden and livestock; relays crops news; there are a great many deaths around Farmville and Richmond, Virginia.","Is spending time at the spring to recover from her spell of pneumonia; she has also developed breast cancer but hopes the water will cure it; pleads with Nathaniel to watch over their mother.","Reports a death in the family; diptheria is taking its toll on the neighborhood; her health is improving; relays family news; mentions the status of their crops and livestock.","Refers to Nathaniel's school and thanks him for admitting Eddie (?); relays family news.","They are having trouble filling seats of administration in Formsville; carpet baggers and scalawags are only ones avaliable; gives his detailed advice on raising an orchard; relays crop news; the drought continues; his legal matters are not yet cleared up.","Was sorry to learn of the death of their child; instructs them to put their faith in God; is concerned with their sister Patty's recovery; relays church news.","Relays family news; mentions the chores keeping her busy at home; refers to the growth of Farmville, Virginia; congratulates him on the arrival of his new daughter; the weather has been bad; discusses Nathaniel and the teaching he's doing for her sons Eddie and Henry.","Is happy to hear of Nathaniel's good health; relays family news; mentions the growth of Farmville, Virginia; gives details on the schooling of the local children; there is a scarcity of laborers; refers to her chores at home; writes him a copy of a letter informing them of their sister's death; various members of the family are ridden with ailments.","Mentions the numerous chores her husband has recently given her; her health is suffering; relays news of their crops, garden and livestock; updates them on the family news; is upset that the family seldom sees each other.","Questions the progress made by his sons Eddie and Henry in at Nathaniel's boarding school; also inquires about the payment.","Discusses the health of the family; apparently Minnie's mother, Nannie V. Watkins, is accomodating a houseful of people; relays family news; is upset with the condition of her fowls.","Rainy weather is preventing planting; refers to the poor health of the children as well as other family members; relays news of family visits.","Gives details of her trip to visit her aunt and uncle, Nannie V. and Nathaniel V. Watkins; refers to Nathaniel's boarding school; relays crop news; Nathaniel feels he is extremely over-worked.","Updates her on the events at home; relays news of his tobacco crop; refers to the progress of his boarding school and other schooling in the area.","Nathaniel's continuous working is giving him health problems; they are living in extremely hard times; he must continue teaching due to the poor tobacco crops; relays miscellaneous farm news; gives details of event taking place at his club metting; mentions the difficulties in sending his daughter, Minnie H. Watkins to Farmville, Virginia, for schooling; his family is quite poor but happy; believes life for him is worse than life in Prince Edward County, Virginia; does not trust the corrupt railroads; gives advice on his daughter's studies.","Scope and Contents Describes, in detail, their little cousin Asa Watkins; relays family news and news of other children in the area.","Wishes she and her family would move back to Virginia and close to him; refers to the bad temperament of his son Asa; gives details on his garden; mentions how many beautiful children there are in his neighborhood.","Is sorry to hear of her mother's (Nannie V. Watkins) poor health; suggests more servants and family visits would help her; requests that Minnie come to school near him; is doing quite well due to good crops and good health; relays neighborhood and family news; despite the hard times they are keeping their spirits up in the area; mentions a meeting of the stockholders in the Richmond and Danville Railroad; hopes his son (Asa Watkins) will be a machinist as they are so desperately needed in the South.","Informs Nathaniel of the declining health and eventual death of their mother (?); recalls how blessed they were with good parents; refers to the many virtuous qualities held by their mother; refers to Nathaniel's offer to teach his children; relays the studies and future plans of his daughters; is sending his daughter to school in Lynchburg, Virginia, for music training; the hard times make it impossible to visit one another; the crops are poor in the surrounding country; gives family news; goes over financial matters with Nathaniel; mentions his numerous farm chores; prices are quite low for tobacco; refers to his mounting debts; the abundance of lawyers in Farmville, Virginia, is hurting his law business; refers to their quiet Christmas at home; is disgusted with the number of \"demagogues and negroes\" filling the legislature; fears Catholics will be next.","His financial problems continue; apparently, farther south, matters are a little better because speculation and development are higher; his farm is serving as an expense rather then a source of profit; must continue teaching to pay for farm expenses; refers to his recent nervous breakdown due to over-work; mentions the horrors of teaching; relays family news; although he would like to, he is too poor to relocate; refers to his crops of cotton, tobacco and molasses; mentions the upcoming railroad from Keysville (?) to Clarksville (?).","Is sorry to hear of Nathaniel's bad health; has been forced to give up his low profession and concentrate on his farming; mentions his poor health; refers to the troubles of their sister, Pattie Watkins Scott and the nursing of her husband (?); is now taking in boarders and is teaching; relays crop news; is getting poorer each year; refers to an attempt to form a Farmer's Club; deer hunting seems to be the last profitable venture in Virginia.","Gives details of the schooling and boarding of their children.","Relays family news; refers to their good cotton crop in the area.","Refers to her running the farm and matters of the household; is also maintaining a school in the house; mentions her declining appearance; has been forced to raise her step-son Emby (Scott) in a strange manner; gives details of her garden and livestock; is upset that she seldom sees her even closest family; refers to the declining health throughout the family.","Informs him of her father's (?) death.","Responds to Richard's request for a loan; refers to family illnesses; discusses her trip to Texas; apparently times in Texas are not as hard; also revisited Mobile and states its people are \"real Virginians.\"","Scope and Contents Thanks them for sending Emma Watkins to care for them while they are ill.","Refers to the loss of her daughter Lizzie and Nathaniel's son Charley R. Watkins; relays family news; mentions her family's religious practices; refers to the schooling of her children; times have been hard since the outbreak of the war; prices are higher and children are being forced to work; can no longer keep servants. Includes letter from Mary Ballantine, to her uncle, Nathaniel V. Watkins informing him of her sister Lizzie's death.","Wishes she could visit; relays family news; her health is improving.","Relays family news; are having a rough winter which is hurting their crop beds; refers to the schooling of their children; mentions the chores performed by the family.","Often mentions the prospect of Nathaneil's receiving a furlough; refers to a woman's chore of weaving at home; relays news of schooling going on; negroes are fortifying Raleigh, North Carolina; mentions her many chores at home; relays news of their crops and livestock; is relieved to learn that the Ironsides have been forced to leave the area of Charleston, South Carolina; relays family and neighborhood news; there apparently are a number of southern deserters; are having trouble with the theft of poultry in the area; refers to her Pa's effort to get him a substitute; believes the South is fighting God's war; fears Nathaniel will get too lazy; often refers to the progress of their children Charley R. Watkins and Minnie H. Watkins; is worried about Nathaniel's poor health; makes many references to their happy life before the war; is very upset at the number of men in the South escaping their military duty; is upset at the religious unrest in the South since the outbreak of war; relays news of sickness and death spreading throughout the neighborhood.","Encourages him to continue the study of his letters.","Relays family news both before and after the war; discusses money matters; relays news of their provisions in camp; refers to the South's greatest victory at Manassas, Virginia; although the Yankee army is rumored to be quite large, Nathaniel believes they are \"despirited and demoralized\" refers to success in Kentucky; makes references to General Robert E. Lee's expertise; believes an attack of Maryland, Ohio, and Pennsylvania is coming; refers to the North's destruction of Northern Virginia; puts his faith in God; relays news of his company's activities and camp life; is worried about the increased depreciation of Southern currency while prices of goods are still rising; they are suffering for supplies in Lee's army; relays religious news of the camp; gives advice on farm matters at home; mentions his long hours of picket duty; refers to the increased sickness of home.","Relays both good and bad news concerning crops in the area; discusses financial matters; wishes he could visit; refers to the problems of his livestock and negros eating away at his farm; relays news of his crops and livestock.","Refers to his son (Asa Watkins) and his numerous amusements; relays neighborhood news; is behind in his farm work; low tobacco prices add to the already hard times.","Refers to the increasing hard times they are living in; mentions the many demoralized Negroes; her children are frequently sick; sickness is prevalent throughout the South; relays family news; refers to the Southern hatred of Yankees.","Relays news of her caring for an ailing neighbor friends have also been wounded in battle; many horses are dying in battle; there has been an increase of sickness in area.","Scope and Contents An envelope for a weekly offering made by Nannie V. Watkins at Shiloh Presbyterian Church, two school compositions written by Minnie H. Watkins, an invoice of goods bought by Nathaniel V. Watkins, two news items reporting the death of Dr. Elisha Ballantine, a note written by a parent requesting prayer for their conversation, four items of miscellaneous verse and two unidentified fragments.","Including one written February 16, 1866, telling of \"poverty\" and \"straightened circumstances\" and one referring to the death of his mother, Mildred Morton Watkins.","Mentioning measles epidemic of 1858 which affected the health of 18 Negroes and his political views during the war. Also letter from Thomas W. Daniel, Monterey, Virginia, to his cousin, Nathaniel V. Watkins.","Washington College (Washington and Lee College), commenting on slavery and giving advice to his son at college. Also includes letter from Patty Watkins.","Other letters from his brother-in-law Elisha Ballantine, sisters Susan M. Watkins and Pattie Watkins.","Also letter from from Mildred S. Watkins to her granddaughter Minnie H. Watkins.","To his brother Nathaniel V. Watkins from Richmond, 1848, Prince Edward and Charlotte, 1848 and 1850, Philadelphia, 1854, and South Carolina, 1857; to his mother Mildred Morton Watkins from Cuba, 1858.","Includes letter from Nathaniel's mother (Mildred Morton Watkins).","Also letters from Mildred S. Watkins.","Sarah S. Skinner served as a governess in James B. Daniel's home in the 1850's, to Nannie (Daniel Watkin's) and from Martha H. Bliss, Shelburne, Vermont, to Nannie Daniel Watkins, Waterloo, North Carolina.","Including letter to Nancy Daniel Watkins from an old schoolmate about Sarah Skinner, a New England governess, letter from C. A. Watkins of Missouri to his cousin Richard Watkins, copy of will of Henry N. Watkins of Oldham, Prince Edward, copy of deed of five slaves to Nathaniel and Nannie Watkins by James B. Daniel, and letter from J. Morton to Richard Watkins.","Includes letters from Mildred R. Daniel, Lucy Jane Daniel, Charles Read Daniel, Martha E. Daniel, Jane E. Daniel, Patty Watkins, P. S. Daniel, Mollie O. Watkins and James N. Daniel. Also includes simplified genealogy.","Also letters from Nannie (Daniel) Watkins to father and mother.","Letter from ex-slaves who went to Tennessee with Mr. Barbes in 1875. Includes letters from Polly Graham (one of five slaves given to Nannie Watkins on her wedding day by her father James B. Daniel in 1859) and her daughters Martha and Sarah.","Includes a deed for slaves from Mildred S. Watkins, a receipt for the purchase of slaves from James B. Daniel and a receipt for the purchase of slaves from James B. Daniel and a receipt for the purchase of a female slave from G. A. Wilson.","Includes letter from Henry U. Watkins; Nathaniel Jackson; E. Ballantine; Benjamin S. Ewell; Michael DeVere, Edward H. Courtenay, Lawrence Smith (Professors at the University of Virginia); and Richard H. Watkins.","Special Collections Research Center","Ballentine family","Daniel family","Read family","Watkins family","Watkins, Nathaniel Venable","Ballantine, Elisha (Rev.)","Daniel, James B.","Read, Charles Lewis, 1794-1869","Sherrill, Nancy Read","Watkins, Richard H.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Nathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers, 1846/1889, bulk 1862/1865"],"collection_ssim":["Nathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers, 1846/1889, bulk 1862/1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 39.1 W32 and 2008.306","/repositories/2/resources/8397"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 39.1 W32 and 2008.306","/repositories/2/resources/8397"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia"],"places_ssim":["Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Watkins, Nathaniel Venable","Ballantine, Elisha (Rev.)","Daniel, James B.","Read, Charles Lewis, 1794-1869","Sherrill, Nancy Read","Watkins, Richard H."],"creator_ssim":["Watkins, Nathaniel Venable","Ballantine, Elisha (Rev.)","Daniel, James B.","Read, Charles Lewis, 1794-1869","Sherrill, Nancy Read","Watkins, Richard H."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Watkins, Nathaniel Venable","Ballantine, Elisha (Rev.)","Daniel, James B.","Read, Charles Lewis, 1794-1869","Sherrill, Nancy Read","Watkins, Richard H."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Ballentine family","Daniel family","Read family","Watkins family"],"creators_ssim":["Watkins, Nathaniel Venable","Ballantine, Elisha (Rev.)","Daniel, James B.","Read, Charles Lewis, 1794-1869","Sherrill, Nancy Read","Watkins, Richard H.","Special Collections Research Center","Ballentine family","Daniel family","Read family","Watkins family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials in this collection were donated to Special Collections in batches in 1942 and 1950 by various Watkins family members and friends of the Watkins family. Mss. Acc. 2008.306 was donated by W.B.C. Watkins of Laurel, Mississippi via Richard L. Morton."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 3rd","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 34th","Granville County (N.C.)--History--19th century","Peninsular Campaign, 1862","Prince Edward County (Va.)--History--19th century","Property tax","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)--Virginia","Slavery--Virginia--19th century","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 3rd","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 34th","Granville County (N.C.)--History--19th century","Peninsular Campaign, 1862","Prince Edward County (Va.)--History--19th century","Property tax","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)--Virginia","Slavery--Virginia--19th century","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)"],"date_range_isim":[1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003ca href=\"http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Nathaniel%20Venable%20Watkins\"\u003e Nathaniel Venable Watkins \u003c/a\u003egt;  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Nathaniel Venable Watkins"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Nathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Beth Holmes (1989) and Derek Stepp (1990). Box and Folder List compiled by Kassia Halcli, SCRC staff, in October 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Beth Holmes (1989) and Derek Stepp (1990). Box and Folder List compiled by Kassia Halcli, SCRC staff, in October 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters, chiefly 1862-1865, written by Nathaniel Venable Watkins to his wife Nancy Daniel Watkins. During the Civil War, Watkins served with Co. H, 4th Virginia Heavy Artillery, which became part of the 34th Virginia Infantry Regiment. Watkins appeared to have saw little combat, spending much of his time in defensive positions guarding artillery batteries. His unit was stationed at Gloucester Point (during the Peninsular Campaign), near Richmond (Chaffin's Bluff) and near Petersburg. His letters concern camp life, religion among the soldiers, his work as a clerk for courts-martial; and he gave directions to his wife concerning the management of their farm in Granville, North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence of other members of the Watkins family of Prince Edward County, Virginia and of the Daniel family of Granville County, North Carolina. Some letters concern and are written by Richard H. Watkins who served in the Prince Edward Dragoons, 3rd Virginia Cavalry and who was a farmer in Prince Edward County, Virginia during Reconstruction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes letters concerning slavery before and during the Civil War as well as letters written from formerly enslaved persons. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Lewis Read is the father of Jane Eliza Read who married James B. Daniel. Their daughter, Nancy Venable Daniel, married Nathaniel Venable Watkins. Betsey Anne Ballentine was the sister of Nathaniel Venable Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddition 2008.308 contains material for the Read, Daniel, Ballentine and Watkins families. The donor organized the papers and this order has been maintained.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAsks cousin if he will act as agent for their joint property in Virginia; encloses ten dollars for taxes on this property; tells of wave of immigration to California and Oregon; inquires about prices of negro boys and girls in Virginia; states the price in Missouri; and says this it is too high there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTells of his arrival at the University, his course load and his lodgings, including his roommate, Mr. Tallaferro (?) of Tidewater; relates his impressions of the University and surrounding area; asks that his family write to him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes, rather disparingly, Christmas season in Prince Edward Court House; gives various items of family news; encourages Nathaniel to perservere in his studies at the University of Virginia; explains that Nathaniel has better future prospects than he does.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Tells of trains being occupied with troops heading toward Petersburg and for the Peninsula, therefore he may not be able to travel toward Petersburg or Richmond; reports rumor of fighting near Newport News, but states that no one known anything; hopes that God will bless his wife and children in this trial. Including letter from Nathaniel V. Watkins, Richmond, Virginia, to Nannie V. Watkins, Townesville, North Carolina, Sunday evening, including news of travel to Richmond and descriptions of his acquaintances. Note: Addressed in error to Townesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives description of his surroundings and plan for improving camp; talks of possibility of fighting soon on the Peninsula, Yorktown and of reinforcement of Fort Magruder; talks of the food available; describes the officers of his company; requests some items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes his activities, such as standing duty; talks of prayer meetings which are held in the tent of the Orderly Sergeant; states that most of the Officers are pious; writes of potential fighting on Peninsula; requests that his wife and children write him more often.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComplains that he has received no mail in a couple of weeks even though others receive it; talks of the fighting on the Peninsula and their role across the river in detail; mentions his feeling of indifference before battle; tells Nannie not to be alarmed by news in papers, but only to rely on word of those in his company; mentions his deep desire to see her and the children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses possibility that the mail is responsible for his lack of letters; exhorts Nannie not to believe rumors in papers; states that troop morale is good and reinforcements come; mentions that all ladies have been banned from their lines and that most men are well; hopes that all is well at home; tells Nannie how important she is to him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTalks mostly about how much he misses Nannie; mentions possibility of fighting in Gloucester Point; states that all men are well except Johny Booker (?) who is being sent to Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes in great detail activities and fighting on the Peninsula; mentions the Yankees' use of hot air balloon and sighting of two war steamers. Including, April 13, 1862, acknowledges letter from Nannie, narrates Sunday's activities including preaching, Bible study and prayer meetings; tells Nannie to have her father take control of their farm; asks negroes at home and sends his love; mentions General Joseph E. Johnston, the Peninsula fighting and alledged Confederate victories in the West.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites of his activities at home; asks father to visit him, says he is a good boy; illustrates letter with two small pictures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receiving his letters; asks for another letters soon; writes of visiting a sick friend; narrates several items of family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes his surroundings, the big (York) river and ships on the river; (does not mention the Peninsular campaign or his activities therein); asks Charley to watch out for his little sister, continue to learn, and to mind his ma and grandma. Illustrates bottom of letter with picture of a horse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives many details of everyday life; mentions that her mother is unwell; describes activities of two brothers also fighting in war; mentions a friend who might be converted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives detail of his activities over the past few days; mentions enemy shelling of Confederate troops on Peninsula on Sunday evening perhaps to lower morale; tells of exchange of fire with enemy steamers; discusses increase in his relgious feelings due to his current situation. Including, April 16, 1862, acknowledges receiving Nannie's letter; thanks her for expressing her support of him and of his cause; asks about things at home on their farm; sends his love to the negroes; expresses feeling that he will be home in six months.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Asks Nannie to excuse the manner in which he writes as he is often interrupted by boys talking to him; acknowledges receiving her letter; tells of great joy in camp because almost everyone received mail; states that mail is an incredible morale booster; asks Nannie to have her and her childrens' photograph taken for him; mentions that Gloucester Point was quiet, but that there was heavy fighting on the Peninsula; reports figures of those killed and wounded on both sides; says that Colonel McKinney of the 5th North Carolina (?) regiment killed in the fight; reports that their fortifications are twice as strong as when he arrived three weeks ago; mentions his view of Yorktown, York River and the Yankee Fleet; gives entire menu of the day's meals in detail. Including April 19, 1862, mentions large amount of reinforcements arriving from the Army of the Potomac and that General Ambrose Powell or Daniel Harvey (?) Hill is in Yorktown; tells of arrival of another first rate married man in his company; relates camp stories; says that all men are well and that he would be enjoying camp life like the others if he had not left so much behind.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll are well in camp except Daniel Booker who has the mumps; yesterday was a gloomy day for him, but that generally he feels as content and happy as others in the camp; asks for a bottle of ink and an ink stand; says that there is no news of interest because they do not know what is happening on the Peninsula; reports that he receives his Christian Observer regularly and enjoys it as it looks like home; describes a visit in Richmond as the cost of several purchases made there; comments on the cruelty of this war; asks for news of his children and negroes; explains decrease in their rations due to increase in army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll is quiet both in his camp and on the Peninsula; notes seeing many transports carrying Yankee soldiers on the river; asks for more news and details from home; mentions his lack of trust in newspaper reports; complains of constant noise, bustle and confusion; asks for more news from home; inquires about his negroes and exhorts them to keep everything straight; writes that he is sorry he didn't see them before he left; describes being shelled by Yankee steamers; mentions increase in religiousness of a friend.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses religious activities, such as Bible study and sermons, and mentions that several men have made confessions of faith; gives advice to Nannie on how to handle their separation, educate the children and states that they should be thankful for their fate which could be worse; states that Peninsula is still quiet, but that fighting must take place soon; the men are confident; says that Confederate lines are more strongly fortified than at Manassas and Centreville; army numbers eighty to a hundred thousand and is armed with enough amunition, cannons and artillery; mentions possibility of iron-clads; gives names of commaders-- General Joseph E. Johnston commands Army, General Hill the left wing resting on the York River, General James Longstreet the center, and General John Bankhead Magruder the right wing resting on the James River. Including letter dated April 28, 1862, exhorts Nannie to write longer letters and more frequently; gives detailed instructions for cultivation of his farm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes negative, poor morale of men after they heard news of New Orleans defeat; expresses disappointment at increasing amount of profanity among men and that this will not help their cause with God; tells of his visit to Yorktown and Captain Baskerville; states that men in Yorktown are in good spirits, but more exposed to the weather; writes of several religious activities; comments on the beliefs of his officers. Including letter, April 30, 1862, mentions that he could see the enemy when he visited York; states that tomorrow he will have been in the service for one month.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites that they were issued muskets for a forced march; reports that they began the march, but turned back and now remain in camp; does not know reason for march; assures her he will be fine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives details of their march from Gloucester Point; describes hospitality of people of King and Queen County as they passed through; says he does not know reason for leaving the Point; tells of several deserters; gives his love to his family and says they should all be grateful (incomplete).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Now in the Army of the Peninsula, the Grand Army; describes various activities such as listening to sermons, visiting acquaintances in surrounding camps, bathing, and drilling; says his company has been divided into two-- one half, including our boys, to be left artillery, the other armed with muskets; mentions 18th Virginia Company and 23rd North Carolina Company; describes sight of six or seven thousand men on drill; reports that they are having an easier time in Light Artillery than the infantry have; knows nothing about whereabouts of army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites of news received for Peninsula campaign including names of those wounded in their community; gives much family news regarding illnesses, gardens, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes a miserable march and the manning of his gun; says that men stood the march well; says if he is made infantry he will attempt to transfer to another company; doesn't see how this force of eight or ten thousand can he whipped by any force. Including letter, April 18, 1862, gives instructions of where to write him; expresses concern for those at home due to outbreak of fever.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the situation in the camp; says that he and the men are well; states that he cannot visit Richmond as he must be accompanied by an officer and have a pass signed by his captain and by General Hill and General Robert Emmett Rodes and this is almost impossible; gives two reasons for officers wanting to keep men in camp-- impending battle and to keep men away from liquor in Richmond; states his desire and work to transfer to another regiment to be in artillery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDissatisfied with his regiment because it is now infantry and because of selfishness at their captain; mentions also that he feels superior and better qualified than many of his officers; states that his friend Doc is at home on a 20 day furlough because of his dysentery (incomplete).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites of his homesickness and concern that he loves her and his family too much, and that he would trade all the glories won in all battles for an hour at home with his wife and children; mentions health precautions of drying his feet well; writes again of his transfer attempts; says that he and most of the men have been suffering from diarrhea.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes in much detail, the daily activities of camp for the past three days; mentions a failed attempt to join an artillery unit. Including letter, May 28, 1862, gives instructions for care of farm; requests more news from home, tells of busyness of camp. Enclosure: Two newspaper clippings from the Central Presbyterian.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSays that he is in Richmond due to a pain caused by passage of gravel from the kidneys to the bladder, a routine and not serious problem among men in the army; mentions a skirmish near the Chickahominy River where the Yankees were whipped; says they have been getting enough to eat despite rumours to the contrary; says morale is good; they are confident of holding Richmond; the tide of victory has turned in their favor and war will be over in a short time; thanks God for protecting his health and family; relates story of a fight where thankfully his company was spared. Including letter, June 2, 1862.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receipt of her letter of May 26 which encouraged him greatly; discusses his dislike of infantry service and desire to obtain a substitute; mentions that he has recovered from last week's illness; gives brief account of fighting on May 31 and June 1, Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks), although his party escaped involvement; gives more instructions of management of his farm. Including letter, June 5, 1862, requests new pair of shoes and blacking. Including letter, June 6, 1862, requests chewing tobacco and a blanket; tells of his stay in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions comfortableness of present camp compared to some others; describes in more detail the Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks) on May 31 and June 1; notes location of enemy (Union troops); comments on what they gained-- 200 prisoners, a commissary, tents and some artillery; describes prisoners, says that they are not better educated and certainly not more moral than southerners; tells of eating oranges and drinking good coffee obtained from the enemy; mentions death of a man in his mess from having his leg amputated; says that he is very thankful that he was spared from battle; thanks wife and family for all their prayers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHas been transferred to Captain Bagby's company, Colonel Thomas Goode's Regiment Wises' Brigade; says he is now satisfied to be infantry because it is needed more and is happy to be out of the Chickahamoniy swamps; mentions that brother Dick's regiment is camped nearby and they have been able to see each other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExplains family's nighttime prayers for his (NVM) safety; gives news of family members; describes her activities at their farm and general farming conditions; mentions a man from Clarksville who was visiting and buying provisions for the government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTells of much sickness in camp which he had luckily escaped; mentions improvements of new location, especially availability of good food; discusses the fact that his regiment probably won't fight soon due to their weakened condition and lack of training in infantry; expresses thankfulness again that his company was spared involvement in the recent battle in which there was much loss of life; acknowledges receipt of wife's letter and praises her support; sends his love to his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTells of Doc's visit from Richmond, and thanks Nannie for the clothes and supplies she sent; repeats that it is impossible for him to get a furlough unless he becomes sick or obtains a substitute; gives a new address for his mail; exhorts her to write as often as possible, and to have faith that God's will will be done and will be good; acknowledges receipt of her letter and is sorry to hear that the negroes are sick with dysentery; gives instructions on the running of the farm; describes the helpfulness and attentiveness of woman and young girls with the sick in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes in detail the health or sickness of various family members and friends; gives an acount of a recent battle (Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks)) which appeared in a letter from brother Dick (Richard W. Watkins).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions that they have moved their camp a mile or so and are now on the James River; says that he likes his officers except for their profanity and that his new captain was generous in granting Johnny Booker a discharge and Abe suck leave; requests that she send Mr. Hayson some food to repay him for his kindness; mentions officers again and gives an unfavorable report, but does say that they are pious and allow the men religious freedom; states that things are run more efficiently with better food and medical care now that they have been fully reorganized; says that discipline is strict and duties light; feels that he is managing in the army better than he expected to; gives more instructions for the care of the farm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes a night reconnaissance maneuver to observe the enemies activity on the river (James); says that he enjoyed the experience and getting out of camp; tells of dream he had while sleeping out in the clover which reminded him of home; asks Nannie to write him; inquires after the activities and work on his farm; gives instructions for work to be done on the farm; writes that he is well and describes condition, illnesses and wounds of others; wishes he could be at home; discusses possibility that sickness in camp is a result of lack of vegetables in their diet; tells of eating half-ripe cherries for which he would have shipped his negroes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receipt of her letter for which he had been waiting for a long time; expresses concern for her health; exhorts her not to conceal her problems from him; mentions that he would prefer it if she would live at the farm if she is not too lonely as it would be better for the negores; expresses his growing disgust with army life, the injustices and officers failing in their duties to their men; says he is lucky to be removed from the main body of the army because he is able to get plenty of butter, chicken; gives prices of several food items; says he doesn't understand why there is so little fighting, while men wait ready and die of exposure; describes building of fortifications at Chaffin's Bluff; gives detailed instructions for the running of the farm; sends his love. Includes a postscript from June 27 with news of a friend.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives more news from camp; acknowledges receipt of her letter of June 19; sends his love to his family and negroes. Letter is virtually illegible; ink is extremely light.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTells that his regiment avoided a great battle yesterday which occured 2-3 miles down the James River (one of Seven Days' Battles-- on June 30 June McClennon inflicted heavy losses on the Confederates while withdrawing across the Chickahominy River to a new base at Harrison's Landing on the James) because they were on pickett duty; mentions that there has been heavy fighting for the past week; hopes that they are demoralizing McClellan's army and that this will end the bloodshed; notes that he takes meals with overseer's family when he comes out on pickett; thanks God that he was spared; exhorts Nannie to have faith that all will be well; sends his love; gives news of some comrades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStates that he has returned to camp and received her letter; details the battle which raged from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. with a short intermission; notes that there is no definite word on the result, but he does not think they gained much; hopes that they will meet again soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStates that enemy has been driven back and demoralized; says that losses have been estimated at not less than 10,000; writes that his regiment has not participated in any of the battles; describes a feeling of pain he has due to his separation from his family; wishes the North would realize the impossibility of conquering the South; describes strength of the position of fortifications at Chaffin's Bluff; requests news from home about their reaction to the battles and about the farm and family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses his weariness with the war and his desire to return home; states that he thought that furloughs would be possible after the battle (Seven Days' Battles) because McClellan's forces should no longer pose a threat; adds that McClellan's forces were not as devastated as he had first thought; discusses the slow mail service; writes that there were no religious services this Sunday; adds that there have been services off and on in the past, but nothing regular since they left Gloucester Point; states that there is a ditching party working this Sunday, but fortunately he has never been asked to work on the Sabbath; laments that they have been without a regular chaplain; feels that this would aid the men immeasureably; sees the army as a great missionary field; requests a pair of shoes and a box of blacking; sends his love.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receipt of her letter of June 19; notes that the difficulty with the mail must be near her; states how thankful and uplifted he was to receive such an ecouraging letter full of news from home; gives thanks that he and their friends have been spared from the battle and sickness; requests that Nannie answer his former questions about the farm; gives detailed instructions on things to be done on the farm; writes that they are now moving one mile to a nicer campsite; believes that McClellan's forces are stronger than the papers admit, but demoralized; tells how he and Doc (his friend) often exchange letters and talk about their wives which keeps their spirits up; sends love to family and friends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receipt of her letter of July 3; thanks her for answering his questions; requests that she answer his remaining questions; writes that it is impossible for him to get a furlough at present because there are many sick in his company and regiment; states that eight men died in the last nine days; adds that most of their men have been absent from home much longer than he has; asks her to kiss the children for him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Discusses his application to Colonel Goode, through his Lieutenant for a furlough; states why it was denied; mentions that he will not despair yet; mentions that he is in very good health and that the new cause of sickness is fever; states that since he cannot come home she must bring the children to Richmond to see him; mentions that they do receive visitors at the camp. Including letter, July 13, 1862, writes of his Sunday spent on watch in the country; laments that he is cut off from all religious priviledges; thanks Nannie for sending so much news of home; hopes that their time will come soon to see each other. Enclosure: July 7, 1862. Pattie Watkins, at Mount Pleasant, Prince Edward County, Virginia, to her brother, Nathaniel V. Watkins. Details the sickness, care and death of their niece Mildred from diptherla; writes how much good it does both her and their mother to receive his letters; gives news of sickness, wounding and death of neighbors and friends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes his conversation with Colonel Goode and aborted trip to Richmond in search of a furlough; writes that he has asked Mrs. Howlson to ask the Secretary of War about his case; mentions that after denying his furlough, Colonel Goode made a visit to Mecklenburg; believes that McClellan will make one more effort to take Richmond before giving up, either from the James RIver or from Fredricksburg, or attempt to cut off Petersburg; describes everyday camp life; feels that is a splendid gymnasium for young men and invalids. Includes letter, July 17, 1862, mentions another death from sickness; requests that his son, Charley, write to him; gives some instructions for the farm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter almost completely illegible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes another attempt to attain a furlough; requests that his wife look into finding a substitute for him as others have them; says he would be able to bear army life better if he could get home for a week every five months or so; tells of his activities in camp; states that the war in Virginia is quiet at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses his latest attempt to gain a furlough which was unsuccessful; again asks Nannie to seek a substitute for him and also ask her father's advice on the subject; complains about being kept in camp when they are doing so little, only drilling and ditching; states that they have meat about once a week, otherwise they mostly eat bread. Including letter, July 26, 1862, telling of the hot weather; states that the Yankees must be suffering more from it; writes that General Wise would not let them ditch during the worst of it. Letter is unfinished.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receipt of three letters from Nannie in six days; thanks her and reminds her how much they encourage and help him; tells of the captain's brother who has been spending a great deal of time at their camp both preaching and handing out tracks (tracts); describes the rotation of guard duty; writes of attempts to start a Bible study and prayers at night in the tents, but adds that there are too many interruptions to make this possible; describes Sunday's dinner. 3 pp. AL. Including ALS, [July 28, 1862], adding that he would give anything to see his family, but that a furlough, even if a substitute is provided, is out of the question at present; writes that he likes the idea of Nannie coming to Richmond and bringing the children, as he might be able to meet her there for a day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites that her letters bring him much joy and that his happiness depends on her; adds that he would love to see Minnie (his daughter) as she learns to walk and talk; states thay he would still rather see his wife than anyone else. Including letter, July 30, 1862, discussing his lack of ability to concentrate due to the crowds of men who often engage in profane talk even though he is in one of the most moral companies; describes being interrupted by the field artillery Wise's Brigade which were practicing nearby; tells her about artillery and how the guns work; adds that he is glad she is not home alone.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites that he keeps all her letters and often re-reads them when he doesn't get new ones; describes the say as rainy; adds that his tent is often crowded and he is growing to hate crowds; discuss the arrival of some good food; asks Nannie to send him a box of fruit and vegetables from home to Richmond through a friend there; tells the prices of food stuffs which he feels are high; notes that due to presence of a large army in the area it is difficult to obtain food stuffs; Instructs Nannie on what to do with his flock of sheep on their farm. Including letter, August 1, 1862, reporting that he was awakened the previous evening by gunfire down the river and sending his love to his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receipt of Nannie's letter and is glad because she thought that perhaps Nannie or Nathaniel were sick; discusses sickness of their brother, Dicks, also a soldier and illnesses of friends, neighbors, and relatives; describes their new Methodist preacher; states that she likes their refugees very much; discusses crops; sends her love.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Relates his growing disatisfaction with life as a soldier, the profanity around him and their idleness during the day; writes that he feels like a dying man who must fight in order to keep from smothering. Including letter, August 4, 1862, mentions again the captain's brother who has his headquarters at their camps and distributes tracks to soldiers; again asks Nannie to send him a box with fresh food which is not available in camp; hopes that Aunt Mary will do as his wife has done and entrust the care of \"her boysamp; to the heavenly Father; writes about the Sunday sermon; wishes she could have heard it; asks Nannie to encourage preacher to divide time between their camp and another; says that it would do the men good because although most of the privates and some officers are Christians, the regimental officers are profane and godless men; sends his love.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites regarding the condition of Henry who is sick; feels that he should stay in camp until he is well enough to travel; gives news of Daniel Booker who is on sick leave from the regiment; states that his is recovering nicely; discusses the prices and condition of crops in the area; mentions his visit to Nancy (Nathaniel's wife) and children; gives his regards to Dock and Sam.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receipt of several letters; writes that he is on picket to stop soldiers from stealing fowl; describes activities of regiment; likes peacefulness of forest; wishes Nannie could be with him; discusses again whether it is right to get a substitute; says he does not regret joining the Army and that every man should do his part; states that he is happy with his company; desires only to do his duty and then come home not to win military fame; writes of his new found love and appreciation for his wife; wishes he could be with her. Including letter, August 8, 1862, describing Boulware's farm. (Incomplete.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Notes that they have been living better due to some reinforcements from King and Queen County; discusses Nannie's moving to live with her father. Including letter, August 10, 1862, discussing the receipt and distribution of the boxes of fresh fruit and vegetables which Nannie had sent; mentions the Sunday sermon; speaks of a rumor he'd heard that said he had been discharged from the Army. Including letter, Nathaniel V. Watkins, at Camp Chafin's Farm, to his son Charley Watkins, August 9, 1862, describing his life around camp and asking Charley to be a good boy and learn to read and write.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStates that he will only be able write short notes for a few weeks as he will be occupied as recorder for court marshall proceedings with General Evans as president of the court; writes that here had been considerable movements of troops in all directions, but he has not yet heard what it means; describes the passing through of about 140 Yankee officers on their way to be exchanged; sends his love.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStates that she thought he had been sick or transferred to Jackson; writes that she is relieved he has not been; states her gratfefulness for his letters which are so full of love and encouragement; gives news from home, especially of children's activities; mentions that she will attempt to persuade Mr. Hines to go to her husband's camp as a regular preacher; agrees that the Army is a good opportunity to do good; says that the negroes would like to have been at the sermon and meeting he mentioned in his last letter; states that she is happy that he is where he is; believes it is Providence and that all is in God's hands.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites about how it seems that everyone has gotten home except he; feels that this separation has caused them to recognize and appreciate their love; states that the court marshall is not keeping him as busy as he had anticipated; mentions possibility of Nannie meeting him in Richmond. Including letter, August 15, 1862, describing a good dinner he had the evening before; requesting Nannie to send stewed tomatoes; adding that his regiment is the only one to be doing detached work, the others have all been sent to Jackson; writes that the enemy soldiers are of the lowest classes and that they cannot possibly know the devastation of war which has all been fought on southern soil; wishes for peace now; inquires about his crops.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses court marshall cases which are keeping him busy; writes of box full of food which sis[ter] Sue sent; believes that his battalion is being kept by the river for defensive purposes; writes that their separation is becoming harder to bear, notes that he has not been home because he has been blessed with health; believes that they will remain stationary for at least a month otherwise all the court marshalls would not be being held.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the progression of the war; mentions that a North Carolina Brigade (Martin's) is on opposite side of the river; feels that Yankees are waiting for reinforcements before they strike; notes that their numbers are increasing too, but he is not sure where they are coming from; says that he has been feeling a but sick, but it is nothing serious; requests some items he will be needing for the winter; company is again feeling up to par; wishes he could be home for the coming winter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVery pleased to have acquired a new tent, which sleeps four comfortably; remarks how well a soldier sleeps; acknowledges receiving her letter of August 14, 1862; this is a lonesome and empty year for him; Doc (?) has been offered the appointment to Lt. General of the 25th North Carolina regiment, but has not accepted yet; rest of army has moved to other side of river, and their regiment is the last remaining area; Yankee troops have given up the fight for Richmond from below; McClellan has moved his base; says that he is feeling much better since he wrote last; acknowledges receiving letters from Daniel (?) and Mr. Booker (?), who speak of despair in the country; does not yet know when a furlough will be offered to him, but he receives one day in winter; remembers fondly days of abusing the Yankees; sends his love.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receiving her letter of August 27, 1862; glad to have heard from Martha (?); Doc (?) did accept his newly assigned post and is now in Richmond; begs his wife to tell him if troubles arise at home; concerned with their runaway slave Tommy; gives some suggestions for the upcoming harvest; her Pa (?) might consider getting more help, because the negroes \"for their own sakes\" should not be left alone; has received a two day pass and will be going to Richmond to get away from camp; wishes he could break the blockade and go home; asks if his wife and children might come to Richmond; thinks it would be best to sell crops for cash to the neighbors; no war news to report; sends his love.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHappy to hear he has received the box of vegetables so soon; their borther Dick visited but was not looking well; Dick did get several new recruits among the prisoners; illness has struck hard amny of their friends and cousins, but their neighborhood and immediate family are fairing well; have had some severe rains which have damaged Mr. Redd's (?) tobacco crop, but the corn crop is excellent; fruit is scarce, partly due to a drought; Horace Booker (?) was involved in the Battle of Cedar River, and took General Prince.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeaks of the children Charley and Minnie and how they are handling the situation; fears Minnie may forget him; hopes the war does not continue though Lincoln's administration as some tell her; she misses him and sends her love. Including letter from Charley Watkins, to his father, Nathaniel V. Watkins, is having a good time at his grandpa's but misses his father.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerned with certain aspects of the war; relays news of family and friends; gives details of crop situations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news and health of family and friends; news of the battles of Manassas and Warrenton Springs have reached the family; gives details of crop situations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes his camp life and the wildlife surrounding the camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerned with his continued denial of a furlough; troubles with the mail service are arising; advises his wife on farm matters and especially on crops of tobacco and wheat; problems concerning his slaves and their runaway slave Tommy are mentioned; also discusses using negroes in camp; describes his abundance of free time in camp; his court work continues; descriptions of the camp, camp members, and surrounding area are made; camp provisions are discussed, such as various clothing and food stuffs; many religous functions are taking place in the camp; mentions battles and fighting around Williamsburg, Manassas, Harper's Ferry, and Washington; mentions uprisings in both Kentucky and Missouri; prisoner exchanges are taking place; believes peace is coming soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFears spread of diptheria, scarlet fever, and measles; conveys news of family and friends; news that corn and tobacco crops are doing well; detailed descriptions of making cloth and dyeing are given.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerning a request for a furlough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChances for a furlough are becoming slim; sickness, namely remittent fever has hit the camp as well as himself; camp life such as new housing, company provisions, and numbers of news arrivals is discussed; mentions that provisions such as warm clothing are needed from home; concerned with the sale of his slave Tommy; news of the war is increasingly discouraging; details of a new exemption bill are discussed; resuming his work with the court; advises his wife on crops of tobacco and wheat as well as their orchard of apples and peaches; pros and cons of using a substitue are given.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHas sent him the provisions he requested; suggests he should transfer to the Prince Edward cavalry, under the command of General J. E. S. Stewart (Stuart); relays family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAttempts boosting his morale and advises him on his problems with getting a furlough; fears that the Yankees will attempt cutting off Richmond from the rest of the South; suggests he not purchase any more slaves and instead should invest in land which is more valuable; slaves as a property are uncertain; relays family news, health of negroes and children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays family news; mentions Brother Dick's opinion of General \"J. E. B.\" Stewart (Stuart) and his raids into Pennsylvania; sickness is hitting friends and family hard; there is a spirit of marrying about; prices for tobacco are high; there is a real need for salt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSees no signs of war ending any time soon, and in fact, the North seems even more united; news concerning his negroes is discussed in detail; obtaining a substitute does not look possible at the present time; their new housing has been completed; they are starting up a literacy club to pass time; the weather is getting worse; discusses his limited company duties; describes the court in which he works, speaks of slave use in camp and at the court; relays news of friends in his company; religious events which occur in camp are explained; has been quite depressed; glad to hear of his wife's growing independence; worried about hs mounting debt; gives farm advice; asks for certain provisions from home; frustrated with his continued denial of a furlough; troubles with the mail continue; tells of the blockading of the James River by using both \"sharp-shooters\" and submarine batteries; discusses the extensive ditches and breastworks surrounding Richmond; wishes to sell 300-350 of his 1200 acres; there is no news concerning military battles; mentions the Charlotte cavalry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs very concerned with the fact that his wife has been ill; seeks his wife's advice in many matters; while there is an abundance of clothing, the scarcity of shoes is an extreme problem; unless he receives a furlough, is determined to leave the service; continued improvments in camp are carried out; is quite critical of certain commanders; describes religious activites in camp; relays news of his tobacco crop and its going rate; still eager to sell some of his land and pay off his debt; gives details concerning their literary club; discusses, in detail, their execution of firing drills; mentions the Seven Pines; is coping with the bad weather rather well, unlike the negroes in camp; complains about provisions of beef, pork, and lack of butter and sugar; postage is getting high; frequent resignations of generals are taking place; Pickett's division is moving from Richmond to Charleston, South Carolina; signs of peace are becoming more apparent; there are wide-spread rumors of disaffection in the Northwest; gives advice concerning farm and crop trip are given; refers to his stopping at the Wolf Trap depot; (?) in his part of the army; refers to the Southern Literacy Messenger and claims it is a very good paper; Yankees have crossed at Fredricksburg, Virginia and there is a threatened advance being made by Burnside [?]; troops in Richmond and Petersburg are being moved to aid Gen[eral] Lee; there is also action taking place on the James River.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks advice on certain family matters; relays family news; dyptheria is becoming quite common among children; tells of troubles with certain negroes as well as the use of negroes in fortifying Weldon; relays facts of a neighbor's will, including provisions for his children and negroes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news of brother Dick and his fellow soldiers running the blockade for cheaper provisions; updates her on family news; both the weather and roads are poor; refers to the Prince Edward cavalry and the Lee Guards; the weather is contributing to an increase in poor health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news of their mother's illness as well as other family matters; the poor weather is contributing to an increase in illnesses; refers to the Prince Edward troop and Lee Guards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFears his children will forget him; writes of the camp surroundings and the \"big guns;\" wishes his son to learn his letters; has sketched a rough picture of a sickly dog they named Yankee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerning his activities at home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs delighted to hear that his wife's health is improving; his chances for a furlough are increasing with the new lottery system; gives details of their shrinking Bible classes and prayer meetings in camp; artillery work is being done around camp; the weather continues to cause problems, especially to their new housing; gives details of the camp's winter provisions; relays stories of his times on guard duty; the size of their company continues to grow; comments on the lack of gentleman remaining in the camp; makes other judgements of camp companies; there is little going on, in and around camp; the mood in camp seems to be low; his health is generally good; gives advice to his wife concerning the next season's crops as well as possible land sale; is attempting to acquire a little negro to care for his wife while she is recovering; their daughter Minnie has also apparently been ill; recommends his wife acquire the Southern Literacy; is unhappy to learn that some of his negroes have been drafted to work on fortifying Weldon; a land dispute has erupted at home which he believes his wife can handle; Southern women will have to accept more responsibility when the war is over; prospects for peace are brightening, possibly by late spring or summer; it is believed also that Lee's army is in better health and spirits than it has ever been; there is a good deal of movement occurring with the Confederate troops; gives details of numerous army and especially naval victories for the South; the union army is rumored to lose 300,000 men by May 1, due to the end of their terms; there is also unrest growing in the northwest and Kentucky, due in part to the raising of black troops; the enemy has also given up on the idea of taking Richmond by way of Fredricksburg. 8 items, ALsS; 2 items, ALs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs worried about the late snow, which is proving harmful to their livestock and planting; whooping cough is running rampant among the negores; and they are beginning to get ill as well; relays family news; understands brother Nathaniel V. Watkins has bought a furlough; gives account of brother Dick's (?) charge of a regiment of Yankees; has heard news of friends in the north; refers to the gratifying tobacco prices in the region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComments on making it through the extremely harsh and wet winter, which has put off planting; understands he has received a furlough; they are having problems with the spread of whooping cough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives a detailed account of brother Dick and his brigade's attack on a Yankee party; this attack was under the command of a General Fitz Lee; refers to a battle at Kelly's Ford, where the Confederate troops did not fare so well; relays news of family and friends, including those who have been wounded and killed; refers to charges made by the Prince Edward Cavalry, and the reactions made by General Jeb Stuart; the family is suffering with colds and the whooping cough; the children, especially the negro children, are suffering the greatest.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs upset that he has not received a letter from her as of late; fears the problem lies with the postal service; bustle and confusion are present in his quarters; changes with leadership are occurring in camp; the Confederate army is in desperate need of naval officers; has been in the service for a year now and is growing quite tired of army life; desperately wishes war would end; relays news of certain camp members; gives details of recently received packages from Richmond; receives a furlough for the 16th of March; health continues to be well; states that recruiting is a suitable way for officers to receive long furloughs; there are few men left to recruit, due to the new Conscript Act; weather improves but then grows worse again; no fighting is expected in the area; there is a growing tiredness of war, yet pride keeps the soldiers loyal; relays details of his return to camp; have been given permission to cultivate their own gardens; his faith in God is growing stonger; asks for provisions from home; as well as news concerning his farm; is growing quite worried over the spread of diptheria among children; provisions in camp are becoming scarce; gives his wife some farm advice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to the weather, the camp, especially the roads, need work; has cut down on his chewing of tobacco at his wife's request; provisions in camp continue to worsen; he refuses to eat any of the meat supplied to the camp; due to the weather and condition of the roads, there is little movement among the armies; have kept the enemy in check during the winter; the cases of diptheria have begun to lessen, and he hopes his family is doing well; planting in the surrounding area has begun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegretfully informs him of the death of their son Charley R. Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news of health of family and friends; is concerned about Nannie V. Watkins and her health; the children there are finally getting over the whooping cough, but now suffer with cases of chicken pox and scarlet fever; the planting of their crops has begun; gives details of a cavalry unit from South Carolina which was stationed near their home; speaks, in detail, of a southern sympathizer in Baltimore.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWas sorry to learn of the death of his son Charley R. Watkins, but is happy to hear that his daughter Minnie H. Watkins was feeling better; gives details of how Nannie V. Watkins is reacting to Charley's death; is grateful that God has spared his own family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWas very sorry to hear of Charley R. Watkins's death; the children there have nearly recovered from the whooping cough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInforms him that their orders to evacuate the bluff have been cancelled; expresses his regrets at Charley R. Watkins's death; wishes him well and hopes he enjoys his stay at home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAttempts desperately to console him; knows how he feels, because her child Lilie (?) also has passed away; hopes the area's health will improve with the coming of warmer weather.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWas shocked and upset to learn of his son Charley R. Watkins's death; attempts comforting Nathaniel; writes of his service in the cavalry and the state of the Confederate troops; states what a great negative effect the death of General \"Stonewall\" Jackson has had on the army; gives details of General \"J. E. B.\" Stuart and his attempts to raise a large cavalry force, including his own, the Hampton brigade, and Fitz Lee's brigade; writes of the difficulties in acquiring newspapers; it has been rumored that Lincoln has called out an additional 500,000 troops; refers to his service on a board which examines and condemns horses which are unfit for service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInsists that Nannie come and stay with her; relays news of the family; the children there are getting well again; writes of the religious services held in the area; the crops in the area are suffering from a lack of rain; it's been very cool and dry; it seems to be more difficult acquiring furloughs; is having trouble getting summer cloth woven in time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHopes Nannie V. Watkins will come for a visits and that he will be able to join her; a hailstorm has damaged the wheat and watermelon crops; the corn crops are doing well; the health of the family is generally good; states that she will be sending him provisions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Wishes to visit her sister-in-law Pattie Watkins but thinks it wise to wait until late July or August, when they should be over the whooping cough; their daughter Minnie H. Watkins had again taken ill but has fully recovered; have commenced cutting wheat but the rain is slowing them down; the crops of corn and pumpkin are doing well; refers to soldiers running the blockade and confiscating Yankee provisions; relays news of family and friends; the neighborhood id getting healthy again; deeply mourns the death of their son, Charley R. Watkins; gives details of church services held in the area; states how much his family, the Smileys (his overseer), and his negroes love and miss him; refers to her boarding of Confederate soldiers; has had a problem with one of the negroes burning down his house; is ashamed of the luxury in which she lives compared to the hardships soldiers must face; assumes he is keeping up with his Bible class; expresses her dislike for the \"drinking and profane officers;\" mentions the task of exchanging their wool for cotton; Smiley (their overseer) has been possibly ordered into service, and Nannie will have to watch over the farm; will send him the shoes he needed; has heard that the war effort is going well; Grant is weakening in the west and Lee is in control of the east; is hopeful about their success at Vicksburg and their holding of Fredericksburg; refers to the tyranny of the Yankee troops and the actions taken against the Southern civilians; expresses doubt concerning the actions of West Tennessee; God will see the South through the war and deliver them the victory; the prospects for peace are very bright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives details of his return to camp following his short furlough; travelled with 500 Yankee prisoners which were to be exchanged; refers to the Yankee raids in VIrginia; his duties in camp have increased; the victory at Fredricksburg was both a boost and damaging to the Confederate troops, due to the death of \"Old Stonewall\" discusses his chances of acquiring another furlough; refers to the dependent condition of their negroes; all the men in camp are in fine spirits; wishes to invest his money in Confederate bonds; is interested in the movement of Pickett's division; poor provisions are being offered to many companies; believes war will end by late summer; writes about various camp members and friends; fears there may be another battle at or near Fredricksburg soon; General Robert E. Lee is increasing his cavalry forces; refers to the numerous Confederate victories; relays the experiences of a Confederate prisoner's stay in a Yankee camp; it is rumored that Yankee's are holding 7,000 negroes on Canary Island; states the Quarter Master is quite inefficient; refers to a Congressional Act concerning provisions for paying off debts; in anxious to hear of matters concerning his farm and crops; fears for the wheat crops in the South; wishes his wife to visit his sisters in Prince Edward County, Virginia; misses his son, Charley R. Watkins, very much; needs provisions from home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Relays family news; gives her reactions to the fall of Vicksburg; refers to the wet and warm weather which kept them from working on the crops; due to the rainy weather, the rivers are impassable; gives details of a company of soldiers and their stay overnight; one of the neighbor's negro woman has run off; have commenced weaving their cotton; are experiencing little ailments, but are generally in good health; wishes he would visit. Including letter from Millie Watkins, to her brother, Nathaniel V. Watkins. Is a little under-the-weather but will write soon and wishes him to do the same.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was a massive transport of Confederate troops to Richmond, due to a new Yankee advancement on the capital; refers to a Yankee attack of a bridge over the Southhanna River; does not speak well of the general in charge at Richmond; fears Richmond may be taken; states that Southerners are much too secure in their thoughts and actions; is hopeful now that Robert E. Lee has entered Pennslyvania; gives details of a North Carolina cavalry unit's stay at their farm; Robert E. Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania is believed to be going well; papers of both the North and South are writing in terms of peace; men returning home for horses are not finding this task easy; has learned that Vicksburg has fallen; there South must put their faith in God and assume He will make the right decision; is disgusted with those who feel the South will lose; is relieved to hear that Lee has recrossed the Potomac; the Southern people are growing tired of the war; it is rumored that Yankees are advancing on Weldon; refers to President Jefferson Davis' proclamation calling for another day of fasting and prayer; frequent raids are being made by the Yankees; fears defeat; the extreme amounts of rain are causing problems with the crops; gives details of the neighbors; often refers to her dead son Charley R. Watkins and their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; relays news of their family and friends, as well as the ailments afflicting them; have begun hiving bees; gives news of church matters; conveys news of the livestock; mentions the scores of family and friends killed, wounded or taken prisoner at the Battle of Gettysburg; rivers have become impassable; there are many cases of theft occurring; gives details of her visit home to Brookland [?]; refers to the work being done by the negroes; a survey and sale of a parcel of his land has taken place; refers to the cruel treatment exercised on a neighbor's negro.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays details of a visit by relatives; recent deaths and illnesses affecting friends and family are discussed; facts concerning the schooling in the area are given; refers to the numerous soldiers killed in \"the Battle\" (of Gettysburg); relays church news; mentions that state of their vegetable gardens; hopes he is over his chills.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs quite worried about the sickness prevailing within her family; distemper; has killed a great number of their cows and oxen; their crops are suffering as much as she assumes they are in North Carolina; refers to the neighbors aiding them with their recent problems; relays news of visits by family and friends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRansom (?) has driven the Yankees from Weldon (?); is becoming increasingly impatient for the end of the war; they have heard gunfire nearby; the war effort is not going well; refers to a gunboat battle on the James River; recounts again how many of their friends were killed in the Battle of Gettysburg; hopes for an exchange for those soldiers who were taken prisoner; believes the South must once again renew their faith in God if the war is to be won; refers to the upcoming \"fast day\" and hopes it will be faithfully observed; is quite worried about her husband and \"the chills\" which he has been experiencing; mentions frequently the number of friends who are coming down with dysentery, diptheria, and typhoid fever; gives a detailed account of recent deaths; recent church news is given; the schooling of the local children has once again commenced; gives a detailed account of the progress in their crops of wheat, corn, tobacco, and oats; there is a shortage in their stock of sheep as well, due to the stealing of the sheep by runaway negroes; often mentions their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; is considering visiting family in Prince Edward County, Virginia; refers to the necessity of weaving their own cloth; mentions the increasing number of robberies in the area including the illegal entry into their own home; is delighted to learn that furloughs are again being issued.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReceives news of Nathaniel's hopes for a furlough or substitution; makes many references to their children; relays family, church and neighborhood news; sickness in the area continues, and the negroes are being hit hard; discusses schooling in the area; news of the crops is minimal; refers to troop movement and Nathaniel's move to Charleston, South Carolina; is angered at those young men escpaing military duty; mentions artillery fire in the area; refers to the \"sharp-shooters\" in Charleston; Beauregard (?) will save Charleston; states that \"our officers are strict;\" refers to the duties of her husband is performing; is quite worried about Nathaniel's health; refers to her chores at home; mentions a neighbor's trip to Petersburg and the Natural Bridge; the well-being of their negroes is discussed, as well as the trouble some negroes are causing; relays news of theft in the area; believes the war effort is still going well; reminds Nathaniel to avoid the temptation of alcohol.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays church news; refers to the well-being of friends and neighbors; home chores and laboring on the crops continues; mentions their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; refers to the emptiness of many local stores; schooling of the children continues; gives details of the trading being done at the \"Fork\" a local election is taking place; stealing is occuring by the female negroes; updates on their negroes are made; is having problems finding someone to manage the farm another year; refers to revivals taking place in the army; lectures her husband on attending his Bible class and on the evils of drinking; discusses Nathaniel's hopes of getting a furlough or substitute; relays news of General Beauregard's efforts at saving Charleston; fear of a \"great battle\" in Tennessee is growing; mentions a fight at Chattanooga (?); is pleased to learn Nathaniel has accepted a higher and less taxing position; is worried that he has sent to Jones' Island, \"the most dangerous place around Charleston.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives details of Richmond's and Petersburg's attempt to feed General Robert E. Lee's troops at Christmas; relays news of his condition to camp; is worried about the fact that their caretaker has been sent into the army; the number of furloughs granted has increased; is sorry to hear of the unrest in the neighborhoods; refers to the desertions being made to the enemy; there is a real need for more horses; asks for many provisions; the army appears to be still optimistic; gives instructions concerning his crops; refers to the intense fighting going on around him at Chaffin's Farm and Welson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to the fail of Atlanta; comments on recent Yankee advancements; the chase between Early (?) and Sheridan (?) is ongoing in his area; contemplates and reflects on the times they live in; wonders about the success of \"Old Bob\" (Robert E. Lee) and his tactics of war; refers to the plundering done by Yankees; the cost of a calvary are proving to be too much.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs continuing his religious committment in camp; frequently comments on his hopes for a furlough or Nannie visiting; camp life is often discussed; advises Nannie on what to do with his crops and other farm matters; refers to the fail of Atlanta, Georgia, Savannah, Georgia, and possibly Petersburg, Virginia; spirits are still high and the number of desertations have lessened; is upset over the greed and corruptness spreading throughout the southern people and officers; negroe sales are becoming difficult; believes negroes should be fighting along with Confederate soldiers; flood damage is affecting travel; refers to talks and fears of Reconstruction and emancipation; a delay in payment is hurting the Confederate army; sharp-shooters are mentioned frequently; Richmond may have to be evacuated; feels the war will end soon; discusses weaknesses of the South; provisions are needed; rumors of an armistice are surfacing; feels President Lincoln is reloading his army; refers to General Wise and his hopeful speeches; the local railroads may be taken; gives advice on how to properly raise their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; fighting has increased in area; mentions an exchange of prisoners; refers to the strengths of the armies; news has spread of General Sherman and his march through the South; gives a description of General Robert E. Lee and his command.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs frequently updated on family news; wishes his wife to visit him; due to the recent epidemic of measles, is worried about his daughter Minnie H. Watkins; feels the Southern people are not doing enough for the cause; is quite hurt by the conduct of his negroes at home; gives advice on his crops; asks for provisions; is worried over the disappearance of his negroes; the overuse of trains has slowed the mail; soldiers remaine determined; desertions have ceased; Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia, have artially have been evacuated; restraints have been placed on the press; worries about General Sherman are rising; relays news of religion in camp; rains are damaging the roads and is restricting the movement of troops; mentions a victory at Kinston (?); refers to North Carolina Governor Vance's appeal for provisions for General Lee's army; gives news of shelling incident in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news of his move from Petersburg, Virginia; refers to Early's (?) disasterous campaign in western Virginia; gives a description of camp life; there are a number of surrounding forces; sharp-shooters are constantly at work; gives farm advice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany railroads have been seized by the enemy; rumors are spreading of Yankees around Richmond, Virginia; it is rumored that General Sherman has been defeated; Confederate troops are hopeful; relays news of his regiment and their fighting; hopes to raise a negro regiment are rising; religious news in camp is discussed; relays news of his time of the picket line; heavy fighting continues around Petersburg, Virginia; refers to General Robert E. Lee's fight with General Sherman; the southern people put much faith in General Lee; intense shelling of cities are occuring; troops are encouraged by victory at Petersburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news of family visits; refers to health conditions; the Prince Edward County, Virginia cavalry is on display; gives update on crop conditions; insists that Nathaniel takes care of his tobacco; relays news of the commotion being caused by the freed negroes; are having many problems with the Yankees; likes President Andrew Jackson better than President Abraham Lincoln; Johnson understands the negro.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays farm news; health problems are prevalent in the family; children's progress in school is continuing; refers to religious event taking place; bankruptcies are spreading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs worried and anxious to hear from her family since the war has ended; relays news of sickness in the family; gives miscellaneous family news; life after war is rough; salaries are smaller and prices are higher; puts her faith in God.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to problems Nathaniel is having with increasing debts; tells Nathaniel to put his faith in God; he is doing much better; has formed a Conservative Party in hopes of defeating the new Constitution of the Radicals; relays farm news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses his move to Farmville and 212 acre plantation he has acquired; matters are going well; refers to Nathaniel's debt problem and the sale of his land; invites Nathaniel and his family to live with him; complains of the cough and cold he has had since the war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions a compromise made with his creditors; the exchange of land, livestock, and money are involved; is taking advantage of the Bankruptcy Act; his family is sick with colds; prefers staying at his own home rather than moving in with Richard; hopes to open a little school and take in boarders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThings are going well; gives news of family and friends; relays church news; is concerned about her garden and fowls; mentions how their daughter Minnie and Nannie are doing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news of his crops and her garden; refers to sicknesses in the neighborhood; updates her on the family and neighborhood news; mentions his involvement in the church; is having a problem with debts; drought conditions and later heavy rains damage his crops; refers to his tenant farmers and their inadequate work compared to slave hands; blames negroes and Yankees for the hard times; there is a lack of both old and new scholars; is unhappy to be separated from his wife and children; refers to the condition of his livestock; gives advice on the raising of their children; is busy organizing church records of membership.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncourages Nathaniel to keep his land soley owned and not to go into partnership; mentions the numerous problems in the area all stemming from sickness and the Yankees; advises Nathaniel on his debt problems; they must all put their faith in God; death is running rampant through areas of Virginia; his own child had died; refers to the effects of the death of General Robert E. Lee; the search for wealth is overshadowing the need for character; mentions his dislike for the new state Constitution; gives crop news; discussses the many problems with finding labor; relays family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to numerous family matters and chores; mentions the quiet Christmas they spent; discusses the health of the family; since negroes are moving further south, laborers are scarce; there is a shortage of ice; gives news of schooling in the area; the mild winter was appreciated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to the religious revivial in the area; comments on Nathaniel's debt problems; relays family news; drought conditions continue; their sisters are not well and have gone to certain springs to recover; mentions the celebration of their mother's 81st brithday; discusses their garden and livestock; relays crops news; there are a great many deaths around Farmville and Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs spending time at the spring to recover from her spell of pneumonia; she has also developed breast cancer but hopes the water will cure it; pleads with Nathaniel to watch over their mother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports a death in the family; diptheria is taking its toll on the neighborhood; her health is improving; relays family news; mentions the status of their crops and livestock.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to Nathaniel's school and thanks him for admitting Eddie (?); relays family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThey are having trouble filling seats of administration in Formsville; carpet baggers and scalawags are only ones avaliable; gives his detailed advice on raising an orchard; relays crop news; the drought continues; his legal matters are not yet cleared up.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWas sorry to learn of the death of their child; instructs them to put their faith in God; is concerned with their sister Patty's recovery; relays church news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays family news; mentions the chores keeping her busy at home; refers to the growth of Farmville, Virginia; congratulates him on the arrival of his new daughter; the weather has been bad; discusses Nathaniel and the teaching he's doing for her sons Eddie and Henry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs happy to hear of Nathaniel's good health; relays family news; mentions the growth of Farmville, Virginia; gives details on the schooling of the local children; there is a scarcity of laborers; refers to her chores at home; writes him a copy of a letter informing them of their sister's death; various members of the family are ridden with ailments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions the numerous chores her husband has recently given her; her health is suffering; relays news of their crops, garden and livestock; updates them on the family news; is upset that the family seldom sees each other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQuestions the progress made by his sons Eddie and Henry in at Nathaniel's boarding school; also inquires about the payment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the health of the family; apparently Minnie's mother, Nannie V. Watkins, is accomodating a houseful of people; relays family news; is upset with the condition of her fowls.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRainy weather is preventing planting; refers to the poor health of the children as well as other family members; relays news of family visits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives details of her trip to visit her aunt and uncle, Nannie V. and Nathaniel V. Watkins; refers to Nathaniel's boarding school; relays crop news; Nathaniel feels he is extremely over-worked.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUpdates her on the events at home; relays news of his tobacco crop; refers to the progress of his boarding school and other schooling in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNathaniel's continuous working is giving him health problems; they are living in extremely hard times; he must continue teaching due to the poor tobacco crops; relays miscellaneous farm news; gives details of event taking place at his club metting; mentions the difficulties in sending his daughter, Minnie H. Watkins to Farmville, Virginia, for schooling; his family is quite poor but happy; believes life for him is worse than life in Prince Edward County, Virginia; does not trust the corrupt railroads; gives advice on his daughter's studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Describes, in detail, their little cousin Asa Watkins; relays family news and news of other children in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWishes she and her family would move back to Virginia and close to him; refers to the bad temperament of his son Asa; gives details on his garden; mentions how many beautiful children there are in his neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs sorry to hear of her mother's (Nannie V. Watkins) poor health; suggests more servants and family visits would help her; requests that Minnie come to school near him; is doing quite well due to good crops and good health; relays neighborhood and family news; despite the hard times they are keeping their spirits up in the area; mentions a meeting of the stockholders in the Richmond and Danville Railroad; hopes his son (Asa Watkins) will be a machinist as they are so desperately needed in the South.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInforms Nathaniel of the declining health and eventual death of their mother (?); recalls how blessed they were with good parents; refers to the many virtuous qualities held by their mother; refers to Nathaniel's offer to teach his children; relays the studies and future plans of his daughters; is sending his daughter to school in Lynchburg, Virginia, for music training; the hard times make it impossible to visit one another; the crops are poor in the surrounding country; gives family news; goes over financial matters with Nathaniel; mentions his numerous farm chores; prices are quite low for tobacco; refers to his mounting debts; the abundance of lawyers in Farmville, Virginia, is hurting his law business; refers to their quiet Christmas at home; is disgusted with the number of \"demagogues and negroes\" filling the legislature; fears Catholics will be next.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis financial problems continue; apparently, farther south, matters are a little better because speculation and development are higher; his farm is serving as an expense rather then a source of profit; must continue teaching to pay for farm expenses; refers to his recent nervous breakdown due to over-work; mentions the horrors of teaching; relays family news; although he would like to, he is too poor to relocate; refers to his crops of cotton, tobacco and molasses; mentions the upcoming railroad from Keysville (?) to Clarksville (?).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs sorry to hear of Nathaniel's bad health; has been forced to give up his low profession and concentrate on his farming; mentions his poor health; refers to the troubles of their sister, Pattie Watkins Scott and the nursing of her husband (?); is now taking in boarders and is teaching; relays crop news; is getting poorer each year; refers to an attempt to form a Farmer's Club; deer hunting seems to be the last profitable venture in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives details of the schooling and boarding of their children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays family news; refers to their good cotton crop in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to her running the farm and matters of the household; is also maintaining a school in the house; mentions her declining appearance; has been forced to raise her step-son Emby (Scott) in a strange manner; gives details of her garden and livestock; is upset that she seldom sees her even closest family; refers to the declining health throughout the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInforms him of her father's (?) death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResponds to Richard's request for a loan; refers to family illnesses; discusses her trip to Texas; apparently times in Texas are not as hard; also revisited Mobile and states its people are \"real Virginians.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Thanks them for sending Emma Watkins to care for them while they are ill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to the loss of her daughter Lizzie and Nathaniel's son Charley R. Watkins; relays family news; mentions her family's religious practices; refers to the schooling of her children; times have been hard since the outbreak of the war; prices are higher and children are being forced to work; can no longer keep servants. Includes letter from Mary Ballantine, to her uncle, Nathaniel V. Watkins informing him of her sister Lizzie's death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWishes she could visit; relays family news; her health is improving.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays family news; are having a rough winter which is hurting their crop beds; refers to the schooling of their children; mentions the chores performed by the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOften mentions the prospect of Nathaneil's receiving a furlough; refers to a woman's chore of weaving at home; relays news of schooling going on; negroes are fortifying Raleigh, North Carolina; mentions her many chores at home; relays news of their crops and livestock; is relieved to learn that the Ironsides have been forced to leave the area of Charleston, South Carolina; relays family and neighborhood news; there apparently are a number of southern deserters; are having trouble with the theft of poultry in the area; refers to her Pa's effort to get him a substitute; believes the South is fighting God's war; fears Nathaniel will get too lazy; often refers to the progress of their children Charley R. Watkins and Minnie H. Watkins; is worried about Nathaniel's poor health; makes many references to their happy life before the war; is very upset at the number of men in the South escaping their military duty; is upset at the religious unrest in the South since the outbreak of war; relays news of sickness and death spreading throughout the neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncourages him to continue the study of his letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays family news both before and after the war; discusses money matters; relays news of their provisions in camp; refers to the South's greatest victory at Manassas, Virginia; although the Yankee army is rumored to be quite large, Nathaniel believes they are \"despirited and demoralized\" refers to success in Kentucky; makes references to General Robert E. Lee's expertise; believes an attack of Maryland, Ohio, and Pennsylvania is coming; refers to the North's destruction of Northern Virginia; puts his faith in God; relays news of his company's activities and camp life; is worried about the increased depreciation of Southern currency while prices of goods are still rising; they are suffering for supplies in Lee's army; relays religious news of the camp; gives advice on farm matters at home; mentions his long hours of picket duty; refers to the increased sickness of home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays both good and bad news concerning crops in the area; discusses financial matters; wishes he could visit; refers to the problems of his livestock and negros eating away at his farm; relays news of his crops and livestock.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to his son (Asa Watkins) and his numerous amusements; relays neighborhood news; is behind in his farm work; low tobacco prices add to the already hard times.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to the increasing hard times they are living in; mentions the many demoralized Negroes; her children are frequently sick; sickness is prevalent throughout the South; relays family news; refers to the Southern hatred of Yankees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news of her caring for an ailing neighbor friends have also been wounded in battle; many horses are dying in battle; there has been an increase of sickness in area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents An envelope for a weekly offering made by Nannie V. Watkins at Shiloh Presbyterian Church, two school compositions written by Minnie H. Watkins, an invoice of goods bought by Nathaniel V. Watkins, two news items reporting the death of Dr. Elisha Ballantine, a note written by a parent requesting prayer for their conversation, four items of miscellaneous verse and two unidentified fragments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluding one written February 16, 1866, telling of \"poverty\" and \"straightened circumstances\" and one referring to the death of his mother, Mildred Morton Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentioning measles epidemic of 1858 which affected the health of 18 Negroes and his political views during the war. Also letter from Thomas W. Daniel, Monterey, Virginia, to his cousin, Nathaniel V. Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington College (Washington and Lee College), commenting on slavery and giving advice to his son at college. Also includes letter from Patty Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther letters from his brother-in-law Elisha Ballantine, sisters Susan M. Watkins and Pattie Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso letter from from Mildred S. Watkins to her granddaughter Minnie H. Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo his brother Nathaniel V. Watkins from Richmond, 1848, Prince Edward and Charlotte, 1848 and 1850, Philadelphia, 1854, and South Carolina, 1857; to his mother Mildred Morton Watkins from Cuba, 1858.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter from Nathaniel's mother (Mildred Morton Watkins).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso letters from Mildred S. Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSarah S. Skinner served as a governess in James B. Daniel's home in the 1850's, to Nannie (Daniel Watkin's) and from Martha H. Bliss, Shelburne, Vermont, to Nannie Daniel Watkins, Waterloo, North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluding letter to Nancy Daniel Watkins from an old schoolmate about Sarah Skinner, a New England governess, letter from C. A. Watkins of Missouri to his cousin Richard Watkins, copy of will of Henry N. Watkins of Oldham, Prince Edward, copy of deed of five slaves to Nathaniel and Nannie Watkins by James B. Daniel, and letter from J. Morton to Richard Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters from Mildred R. Daniel, Lucy Jane Daniel, Charles Read Daniel, Martha E. Daniel, Jane E. Daniel, Patty Watkins, P. S. Daniel, Mollie O. Watkins and James N. Daniel. Also includes simplified genealogy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso letters from Nannie (Daniel) Watkins to father and mother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from ex-slaves who went to Tennessee with Mr. Barbes in 1875. Includes letters from Polly Graham (one of five slaves given to Nannie Watkins on her wedding day by her father James B. Daniel in 1859) and her daughters Martha and Sarah.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a deed for slaves from Mildred S. Watkins, a receipt for the purchase of slaves from James B. Daniel and a receipt for the purchase of slaves from James B. Daniel and a receipt for the purchase of a female slave from G. A. Wilson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter from Henry U. Watkins; Nathaniel Jackson; E. Ballantine; Benjamin S. Ewell; Michael DeVere, Edward H. Courtenay, Lawrence Smith (Professors at the University of Virginia); and Richard H. Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters, chiefly 1862-1865, written by Nathaniel Venable Watkins to his wife Nancy Daniel Watkins. During the Civil War, Watkins served with Co. H, 4th Virginia Heavy Artillery, which became part of the 34th Virginia Infantry Regiment. Watkins appeared to have saw little combat, spending much of his time in defensive positions guarding artillery batteries. His unit was stationed at Gloucester Point (during the Peninsular Campaign), near Richmond (Chaffin's Bluff) and near Petersburg. His letters concern camp life, religion among the soldiers, his work as a clerk for courts-martial; and he gave directions to his wife concerning the management of their farm in Granville, North Carolina.","The collection also includes correspondence of other members of the Watkins family of Prince Edward County, Virginia and of the Daniel family of Granville County, North Carolina. Some letters concern and are written by Richard H. Watkins who served in the Prince Edward Dragoons, 3rd Virginia Cavalry and who was a farmer in Prince Edward County, Virginia during Reconstruction.","The collection includes letters concerning slavery before and during the Civil War as well as letters written from formerly enslaved persons.","Charles Lewis Read is the father of Jane Eliza Read who married James B. Daniel. Their daughter, Nancy Venable Daniel, married Nathaniel Venable Watkins. Betsey Anne Ballentine was the sister of Nathaniel Venable Watkins.","Addition 2008.308 contains material for the Read, Daniel, Ballentine and Watkins families. The donor organized the papers and this order has been maintained.","Asks cousin if he will act as agent for their joint property in Virginia; encloses ten dollars for taxes on this property; tells of wave of immigration to California and Oregon; inquires about prices of negro boys and girls in Virginia; states the price in Missouri; and says this it is too high there.","Tells of his arrival at the University, his course load and his lodgings, including his roommate, Mr. Tallaferro (?) of Tidewater; relates his impressions of the University and surrounding area; asks that his family write to him.","Describes, rather disparingly, Christmas season in Prince Edward Court House; gives various items of family news; encourages Nathaniel to perservere in his studies at the University of Virginia; explains that Nathaniel has better future prospects than he does.","Scope and Contents Tells of trains being occupied with troops heading toward Petersburg and for the Peninsula, therefore he may not be able to travel toward Petersburg or Richmond; reports rumor of fighting near Newport News, but states that no one known anything; hopes that God will bless his wife and children in this trial. Including letter from Nathaniel V. Watkins, Richmond, Virginia, to Nannie V. Watkins, Townesville, North Carolina, Sunday evening, including news of travel to Richmond and descriptions of his acquaintances. Note: Addressed in error to Townesville, Virginia.","Gives description of his surroundings and plan for improving camp; talks of possibility of fighting soon on the Peninsula, Yorktown and of reinforcement of Fort Magruder; talks of the food available; describes the officers of his company; requests some items.","Describes his activities, such as standing duty; talks of prayer meetings which are held in the tent of the Orderly Sergeant; states that most of the Officers are pious; writes of potential fighting on Peninsula; requests that his wife and children write him more often.","Complains that he has received no mail in a couple of weeks even though others receive it; talks of the fighting on the Peninsula and their role across the river in detail; mentions his feeling of indifference before battle; tells Nannie not to be alarmed by news in papers, but only to rely on word of those in his company; mentions his deep desire to see her and the children.","Discusses possibility that the mail is responsible for his lack of letters; exhorts Nannie not to believe rumors in papers; states that troop morale is good and reinforcements come; mentions that all ladies have been banned from their lines and that most men are well; hopes that all is well at home; tells Nannie how important she is to him.","Talks mostly about how much he misses Nannie; mentions possibility of fighting in Gloucester Point; states that all men are well except Johny Booker (?) who is being sent to Richmond.","Describes in great detail activities and fighting on the Peninsula; mentions the Yankees' use of hot air balloon and sighting of two war steamers. Including, April 13, 1862, acknowledges letter from Nannie, narrates Sunday's activities including preaching, Bible study and prayer meetings; tells Nannie to have her father take control of their farm; asks negroes at home and sends his love; mentions General Joseph E. Johnston, the Peninsula fighting and alledged Confederate victories in the West.","Writes of his activities at home; asks father to visit him, says he is a good boy; illustrates letter with two small pictures.","Acknowledges receiving his letters; asks for another letters soon; writes of visiting a sick friend; narrates several items of family news.","Describes his surroundings, the big (York) river and ships on the river; (does not mention the Peninsular campaign or his activities therein); asks Charley to watch out for his little sister, continue to learn, and to mind his ma and grandma. Illustrates bottom of letter with picture of a horse.","Gives many details of everyday life; mentions that her mother is unwell; describes activities of two brothers also fighting in war; mentions a friend who might be converted.","Gives detail of his activities over the past few days; mentions enemy shelling of Confederate troops on Peninsula on Sunday evening perhaps to lower morale; tells of exchange of fire with enemy steamers; discusses increase in his relgious feelings due to his current situation. Including, April 16, 1862, acknowledges receiving Nannie's letter; thanks her for expressing her support of him and of his cause; asks about things at home on their farm; sends his love to the negroes; expresses feeling that he will be home in six months.","Scope and Contents Asks Nannie to excuse the manner in which he writes as he is often interrupted by boys talking to him; acknowledges receiving her letter; tells of great joy in camp because almost everyone received mail; states that mail is an incredible morale booster; asks Nannie to have her and her childrens' photograph taken for him; mentions that Gloucester Point was quiet, but that there was heavy fighting on the Peninsula; reports figures of those killed and wounded on both sides; says that Colonel McKinney of the 5th North Carolina (?) regiment killed in the fight; reports that their fortifications are twice as strong as when he arrived three weeks ago; mentions his view of Yorktown, York River and the Yankee Fleet; gives entire menu of the day's meals in detail. Including April 19, 1862, mentions large amount of reinforcements arriving from the Army of the Potomac and that General Ambrose Powell or Daniel Harvey (?) Hill is in Yorktown; tells of arrival of another first rate married man in his company; relates camp stories; says that all men are well and that he would be enjoying camp life like the others if he had not left so much behind.","All are well in camp except Daniel Booker who has the mumps; yesterday was a gloomy day for him, but that generally he feels as content and happy as others in the camp; asks for a bottle of ink and an ink stand; says that there is no news of interest because they do not know what is happening on the Peninsula; reports that he receives his Christian Observer regularly and enjoys it as it looks like home; describes a visit in Richmond as the cost of several purchases made there; comments on the cruelty of this war; asks for news of his children and negroes; explains decrease in their rations due to increase in army.","All is quiet both in his camp and on the Peninsula; notes seeing many transports carrying Yankee soldiers on the river; asks for more news and details from home; mentions his lack of trust in newspaper reports; complains of constant noise, bustle and confusion; asks for more news from home; inquires about his negroes and exhorts them to keep everything straight; writes that he is sorry he didn't see them before he left; describes being shelled by Yankee steamers; mentions increase in religiousness of a friend.","Discusses religious activities, such as Bible study and sermons, and mentions that several men have made confessions of faith; gives advice to Nannie on how to handle their separation, educate the children and states that they should be thankful for their fate which could be worse; states that Peninsula is still quiet, but that fighting must take place soon; the men are confident; says that Confederate lines are more strongly fortified than at Manassas and Centreville; army numbers eighty to a hundred thousand and is armed with enough amunition, cannons and artillery; mentions possibility of iron-clads; gives names of commaders-- General Joseph E. Johnston commands Army, General Hill the left wing resting on the York River, General James Longstreet the center, and General John Bankhead Magruder the right wing resting on the James River. Including letter dated April 28, 1862, exhorts Nannie to write longer letters and more frequently; gives detailed instructions for cultivation of his farm.","Describes negative, poor morale of men after they heard news of New Orleans defeat; expresses disappointment at increasing amount of profanity among men and that this will not help their cause with God; tells of his visit to Yorktown and Captain Baskerville; states that men in Yorktown are in good spirits, but more exposed to the weather; writes of several religious activities; comments on the beliefs of his officers. Including letter, April 30, 1862, mentions that he could see the enemy when he visited York; states that tomorrow he will have been in the service for one month.","Writes that they were issued muskets for a forced march; reports that they began the march, but turned back and now remain in camp; does not know reason for march; assures her he will be fine.","Gives details of their march from Gloucester Point; describes hospitality of people of King and Queen County as they passed through; says he does not know reason for leaving the Point; tells of several deserters; gives his love to his family and says they should all be grateful (incomplete).","Scope and Contents Now in the Army of the Peninsula, the Grand Army; describes various activities such as listening to sermons, visiting acquaintances in surrounding camps, bathing, and drilling; says his company has been divided into two-- one half, including our boys, to be left artillery, the other armed with muskets; mentions 18th Virginia Company and 23rd North Carolina Company; describes sight of six or seven thousand men on drill; reports that they are having an easier time in Light Artillery than the infantry have; knows nothing about whereabouts of army.","Writes of news received for Peninsula campaign including names of those wounded in their community; gives much family news regarding illnesses, gardens, etc.","Describes a miserable march and the manning of his gun; says that men stood the march well; says if he is made infantry he will attempt to transfer to another company; doesn't see how this force of eight or ten thousand can he whipped by any force. Including letter, April 18, 1862, gives instructions of where to write him; expresses concern for those at home due to outbreak of fever.","Describes the situation in the camp; says that he and the men are well; states that he cannot visit Richmond as he must be accompanied by an officer and have a pass signed by his captain and by General Hill and General Robert Emmett Rodes and this is almost impossible; gives two reasons for officers wanting to keep men in camp-- impending battle and to keep men away from liquor in Richmond; states his desire and work to transfer to another regiment to be in artillery.","Dissatisfied with his regiment because it is now infantry and because of selfishness at their captain; mentions also that he feels superior and better qualified than many of his officers; states that his friend Doc is at home on a 20 day furlough because of his dysentery (incomplete).","Writes of his homesickness and concern that he loves her and his family too much, and that he would trade all the glories won in all battles for an hour at home with his wife and children; mentions health precautions of drying his feet well; writes again of his transfer attempts; says that he and most of the men have been suffering from diarrhea.","Describes in much detail, the daily activities of camp for the past three days; mentions a failed attempt to join an artillery unit. Including letter, May 28, 1862, gives instructions for care of farm; requests more news from home, tells of busyness of camp. Enclosure: Two newspaper clippings from the Central Presbyterian.","Says that he is in Richmond due to a pain caused by passage of gravel from the kidneys to the bladder, a routine and not serious problem among men in the army; mentions a skirmish near the Chickahominy River where the Yankees were whipped; says they have been getting enough to eat despite rumours to the contrary; says morale is good; they are confident of holding Richmond; the tide of victory has turned in their favor and war will be over in a short time; thanks God for protecting his health and family; relates story of a fight where thankfully his company was spared. Including letter, June 2, 1862.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter of May 26 which encouraged him greatly; discusses his dislike of infantry service and desire to obtain a substitute; mentions that he has recovered from last week's illness; gives brief account of fighting on May 31 and June 1, Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks), although his party escaped involvement; gives more instructions of management of his farm. Including letter, June 5, 1862, requests new pair of shoes and blacking. Including letter, June 6, 1862, requests chewing tobacco and a blanket; tells of his stay in Richmond.","Mentions comfortableness of present camp compared to some others; describes in more detail the Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks) on May 31 and June 1; notes location of enemy (Union troops); comments on what they gained-- 200 prisoners, a commissary, tents and some artillery; describes prisoners, says that they are not better educated and certainly not more moral than southerners; tells of eating oranges and drinking good coffee obtained from the enemy; mentions death of a man in his mess from having his leg amputated; says that he is very thankful that he was spared from battle; thanks wife and family for all their prayers.","Has been transferred to Captain Bagby's company, Colonel Thomas Goode's Regiment Wises' Brigade; says he is now satisfied to be infantry because it is needed more and is happy to be out of the Chickahamoniy swamps; mentions that brother Dick's regiment is camped nearby and they have been able to see each other.","Explains family's nighttime prayers for his (NVM) safety; gives news of family members; describes her activities at their farm and general farming conditions; mentions a man from Clarksville who was visiting and buying provisions for the government.","Tells of much sickness in camp which he had luckily escaped; mentions improvements of new location, especially availability of good food; discusses the fact that his regiment probably won't fight soon due to their weakened condition and lack of training in infantry; expresses thankfulness again that his company was spared involvement in the recent battle in which there was much loss of life; acknowledges receipt of wife's letter and praises her support; sends his love to his family.","Tells of Doc's visit from Richmond, and thanks Nannie for the clothes and supplies she sent; repeats that it is impossible for him to get a furlough unless he becomes sick or obtains a substitute; gives a new address for his mail; exhorts her to write as often as possible, and to have faith that God's will will be done and will be good; acknowledges receipt of her letter and is sorry to hear that the negroes are sick with dysentery; gives instructions on the running of the farm; describes the helpfulness and attentiveness of woman and young girls with the sick in Richmond.","Describes in detail the health or sickness of various family members and friends; gives an acount of a recent battle (Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks)) which appeared in a letter from brother Dick (Richard W. Watkins).","Mentions that they have moved their camp a mile or so and are now on the James River; says that he likes his officers except for their profanity and that his new captain was generous in granting Johnny Booker a discharge and Abe suck leave; requests that she send Mr. Hayson some food to repay him for his kindness; mentions officers again and gives an unfavorable report, but does say that they are pious and allow the men religious freedom; states that things are run more efficiently with better food and medical care now that they have been fully reorganized; says that discipline is strict and duties light; feels that he is managing in the army better than he expected to; gives more instructions for the care of the farm.","Describes a night reconnaissance maneuver to observe the enemies activity on the river (James); says that he enjoyed the experience and getting out of camp; tells of dream he had while sleeping out in the clover which reminded him of home; asks Nannie to write him; inquires after the activities and work on his farm; gives instructions for work to be done on the farm; writes that he is well and describes condition, illnesses and wounds of others; wishes he could be at home; discusses possibility that sickness in camp is a result of lack of vegetables in their diet; tells of eating half-ripe cherries for which he would have shipped his negroes.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter for which he had been waiting for a long time; expresses concern for her health; exhorts her not to conceal her problems from him; mentions that he would prefer it if she would live at the farm if she is not too lonely as it would be better for the negores; expresses his growing disgust with army life, the injustices and officers failing in their duties to their men; says he is lucky to be removed from the main body of the army because he is able to get plenty of butter, chicken; gives prices of several food items; says he doesn't understand why there is so little fighting, while men wait ready and die of exposure; describes building of fortifications at Chaffin's Bluff; gives detailed instructions for the running of the farm; sends his love. Includes a postscript from June 27 with news of a friend.","Gives more news from camp; acknowledges receipt of her letter of June 19; sends his love to his family and negroes. Letter is virtually illegible; ink is extremely light.","Tells that his regiment avoided a great battle yesterday which occured 2-3 miles down the James River (one of Seven Days' Battles-- on June 30 June McClennon inflicted heavy losses on the Confederates while withdrawing across the Chickahominy River to a new base at Harrison's Landing on the James) because they were on pickett duty; mentions that there has been heavy fighting for the past week; hopes that they are demoralizing McClellan's army and that this will end the bloodshed; notes that he takes meals with overseer's family when he comes out on pickett; thanks God that he was spared; exhorts Nannie to have faith that all will be well; sends his love; gives news of some comrades.","States that he has returned to camp and received her letter; details the battle which raged from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. with a short intermission; notes that there is no definite word on the result, but he does not think they gained much; hopes that they will meet again soon.","States that enemy has been driven back and demoralized; says that losses have been estimated at not less than 10,000; writes that his regiment has not participated in any of the battles; describes a feeling of pain he has due to his separation from his family; wishes the North would realize the impossibility of conquering the South; describes strength of the position of fortifications at Chaffin's Bluff; requests news from home about their reaction to the battles and about the farm and family.","Expresses his weariness with the war and his desire to return home; states that he thought that furloughs would be possible after the battle (Seven Days' Battles) because McClellan's forces should no longer pose a threat; adds that McClellan's forces were not as devastated as he had first thought; discusses the slow mail service; writes that there were no religious services this Sunday; adds that there have been services off and on in the past, but nothing regular since they left Gloucester Point; states that there is a ditching party working this Sunday, but fortunately he has never been asked to work on the Sabbath; laments that they have been without a regular chaplain; feels that this would aid the men immeasureably; sees the army as a great missionary field; requests a pair of shoes and a box of blacking; sends his love.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter of June 19; notes that the difficulty with the mail must be near her; states how thankful and uplifted he was to receive such an ecouraging letter full of news from home; gives thanks that he and their friends have been spared from the battle and sickness; requests that Nannie answer his former questions about the farm; gives detailed instructions on things to be done on the farm; writes that they are now moving one mile to a nicer campsite; believes that McClellan's forces are stronger than the papers admit, but demoralized; tells how he and Doc (his friend) often exchange letters and talk about their wives which keeps their spirits up; sends love to family and friends.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter of July 3; thanks her for answering his questions; requests that she answer his remaining questions; writes that it is impossible for him to get a furlough at present because there are many sick in his company and regiment; states that eight men died in the last nine days; adds that most of their men have been absent from home much longer than he has; asks her to kiss the children for him.","Scope and Contents Discusses his application to Colonel Goode, through his Lieutenant for a furlough; states why it was denied; mentions that he will not despair yet; mentions that he is in very good health and that the new cause of sickness is fever; states that since he cannot come home she must bring the children to Richmond to see him; mentions that they do receive visitors at the camp. Including letter, July 13, 1862, writes of his Sunday spent on watch in the country; laments that he is cut off from all religious priviledges; thanks Nannie for sending so much news of home; hopes that their time will come soon to see each other. Enclosure: July 7, 1862. Pattie Watkins, at Mount Pleasant, Prince Edward County, Virginia, to her brother, Nathaniel V. Watkins. Details the sickness, care and death of their niece Mildred from diptherla; writes how much good it does both her and their mother to receive his letters; gives news of sickness, wounding and death of neighbors and friends.","Describes his conversation with Colonel Goode and aborted trip to Richmond in search of a furlough; writes that he has asked Mrs. Howlson to ask the Secretary of War about his case; mentions that after denying his furlough, Colonel Goode made a visit to Mecklenburg; believes that McClellan will make one more effort to take Richmond before giving up, either from the James RIver or from Fredricksburg, or attempt to cut off Petersburg; describes everyday camp life; feels that is a splendid gymnasium for young men and invalids. Includes letter, July 17, 1862, mentions another death from sickness; requests that his son, Charley, write to him; gives some instructions for the farm.","Letter almost completely illegible.","Describes another attempt to attain a furlough; requests that his wife look into finding a substitute for him as others have them; says he would be able to bear army life better if he could get home for a week every five months or so; tells of his activities in camp; states that the war in Virginia is quiet at this time.","Discusses his latest attempt to gain a furlough which was unsuccessful; again asks Nannie to seek a substitute for him and also ask her father's advice on the subject; complains about being kept in camp when they are doing so little, only drilling and ditching; states that they have meat about once a week, otherwise they mostly eat bread. Including letter, July 26, 1862, telling of the hot weather; states that the Yankees must be suffering more from it; writes that General Wise would not let them ditch during the worst of it. Letter is unfinished.","Acknowledges receipt of three letters from Nannie in six days; thanks her and reminds her how much they encourage and help him; tells of the captain's brother who has been spending a great deal of time at their camp both preaching and handing out tracks (tracts); describes the rotation of guard duty; writes of attempts to start a Bible study and prayers at night in the tents, but adds that there are too many interruptions to make this possible; describes Sunday's dinner. 3 pp. AL. Including ALS, [July 28, 1862], adding that he would give anything to see his family, but that a furlough, even if a substitute is provided, is out of the question at present; writes that he likes the idea of Nannie coming to Richmond and bringing the children, as he might be able to meet her there for a day.","Writes that her letters bring him much joy and that his happiness depends on her; adds that he would love to see Minnie (his daughter) as she learns to walk and talk; states thay he would still rather see his wife than anyone else. Including letter, July 30, 1862, discussing his lack of ability to concentrate due to the crowds of men who often engage in profane talk even though he is in one of the most moral companies; describes being interrupted by the field artillery Wise's Brigade which were practicing nearby; tells her about artillery and how the guns work; adds that he is glad she is not home alone.","Writes that he keeps all her letters and often re-reads them when he doesn't get new ones; describes the say as rainy; adds that his tent is often crowded and he is growing to hate crowds; discuss the arrival of some good food; asks Nannie to send him a box of fruit and vegetables from home to Richmond through a friend there; tells the prices of food stuffs which he feels are high; notes that due to presence of a large army in the area it is difficult to obtain food stuffs; Instructs Nannie on what to do with his flock of sheep on their farm. Including letter, August 1, 1862, reporting that he was awakened the previous evening by gunfire down the river and sending his love to his family.","Acknowledges receipt of Nannie's letter and is glad because she thought that perhaps Nannie or Nathaniel were sick; discusses sickness of their brother, Dicks, also a soldier and illnesses of friends, neighbors, and relatives; describes their new Methodist preacher; states that she likes their refugees very much; discusses crops; sends her love.","Scope and Contents Relates his growing disatisfaction with life as a soldier, the profanity around him and their idleness during the day; writes that he feels like a dying man who must fight in order to keep from smothering. Including letter, August 4, 1862, mentions again the captain's brother who has his headquarters at their camps and distributes tracks to soldiers; again asks Nannie to send him a box with fresh food which is not available in camp; hopes that Aunt Mary will do as his wife has done and entrust the care of \"her boysamp; to the heavenly Father; writes about the Sunday sermon; wishes she could have heard it; asks Nannie to encourage preacher to divide time between their camp and another; says that it would do the men good because although most of the privates and some officers are Christians, the regimental officers are profane and godless men; sends his love.","Writes regarding the condition of Henry who is sick; feels that he should stay in camp until he is well enough to travel; gives news of Daniel Booker who is on sick leave from the regiment; states that his is recovering nicely; discusses the prices and condition of crops in the area; mentions his visit to Nancy (Nathaniel's wife) and children; gives his regards to Dock and Sam.","Acknowledges receipt of several letters; writes that he is on picket to stop soldiers from stealing fowl; describes activities of regiment; likes peacefulness of forest; wishes Nannie could be with him; discusses again whether it is right to get a substitute; says he does not regret joining the Army and that every man should do his part; states that he is happy with his company; desires only to do his duty and then come home not to win military fame; writes of his new found love and appreciation for his wife; wishes he could be with her. Including letter, August 8, 1862, describing Boulware's farm. (Incomplete.)","Scope and Contents Notes that they have been living better due to some reinforcements from King and Queen County; discusses Nannie's moving to live with her father. Including letter, August 10, 1862, discussing the receipt and distribution of the boxes of fresh fruit and vegetables which Nannie had sent; mentions the Sunday sermon; speaks of a rumor he'd heard that said he had been discharged from the Army. Including letter, Nathaniel V. Watkins, at Camp Chafin's Farm, to his son Charley Watkins, August 9, 1862, describing his life around camp and asking Charley to be a good boy and learn to read and write.","States that he will only be able write short notes for a few weeks as he will be occupied as recorder for court marshall proceedings with General Evans as president of the court; writes that here had been considerable movements of troops in all directions, but he has not yet heard what it means; describes the passing through of about 140 Yankee officers on their way to be exchanged; sends his love.","States that she thought he had been sick or transferred to Jackson; writes that she is relieved he has not been; states her gratfefulness for his letters which are so full of love and encouragement; gives news from home, especially of children's activities; mentions that she will attempt to persuade Mr. Hines to go to her husband's camp as a regular preacher; agrees that the Army is a good opportunity to do good; says that the negroes would like to have been at the sermon and meeting he mentioned in his last letter; states that she is happy that he is where he is; believes it is Providence and that all is in God's hands.","Writes about how it seems that everyone has gotten home except he; feels that this separation has caused them to recognize and appreciate their love; states that the court marshall is not keeping him as busy as he had anticipated; mentions possibility of Nannie meeting him in Richmond. Including letter, August 15, 1862, describing a good dinner he had the evening before; requesting Nannie to send stewed tomatoes; adding that his regiment is the only one to be doing detached work, the others have all been sent to Jackson; writes that the enemy soldiers are of the lowest classes and that they cannot possibly know the devastation of war which has all been fought on southern soil; wishes for peace now; inquires about his crops.","Discusses court marshall cases which are keeping him busy; writes of box full of food which sis[ter] Sue sent; believes that his battalion is being kept by the river for defensive purposes; writes that their separation is becoming harder to bear, notes that he has not been home because he has been blessed with health; believes that they will remain stationary for at least a month otherwise all the court marshalls would not be being held.","Discusses the progression of the war; mentions that a North Carolina Brigade (Martin's) is on opposite side of the river; feels that Yankees are waiting for reinforcements before they strike; notes that their numbers are increasing too, but he is not sure where they are coming from; says that he has been feeling a but sick, but it is nothing serious; requests some items he will be needing for the winter; company is again feeling up to par; wishes he could be home for the coming winter.","Very pleased to have acquired a new tent, which sleeps four comfortably; remarks how well a soldier sleeps; acknowledges receiving her letter of August 14, 1862; this is a lonesome and empty year for him; Doc (?) has been offered the appointment to Lt. General of the 25th North Carolina regiment, but has not accepted yet; rest of army has moved to other side of river, and their regiment is the last remaining area; Yankee troops have given up the fight for Richmond from below; McClellan has moved his base; says that he is feeling much better since he wrote last; acknowledges receiving letters from Daniel (?) and Mr. Booker (?), who speak of despair in the country; does not yet know when a furlough will be offered to him, but he receives one day in winter; remembers fondly days of abusing the Yankees; sends his love.","Acknowledges receiving her letter of August 27, 1862; glad to have heard from Martha (?); Doc (?) did accept his newly assigned post and is now in Richmond; begs his wife to tell him if troubles arise at home; concerned with their runaway slave Tommy; gives some suggestions for the upcoming harvest; her Pa (?) might consider getting more help, because the negroes \"for their own sakes\" should not be left alone; has received a two day pass and will be going to Richmond to get away from camp; wishes he could break the blockade and go home; asks if his wife and children might come to Richmond; thinks it would be best to sell crops for cash to the neighbors; no war news to report; sends his love.","Happy to hear he has received the box of vegetables so soon; their borther Dick visited but was not looking well; Dick did get several new recruits among the prisoners; illness has struck hard amny of their friends and cousins, but their neighborhood and immediate family are fairing well; have had some severe rains which have damaged Mr. Redd's (?) tobacco crop, but the corn crop is excellent; fruit is scarce, partly due to a drought; Horace Booker (?) was involved in the Battle of Cedar River, and took General Prince.","Speaks of the children Charley and Minnie and how they are handling the situation; fears Minnie may forget him; hopes the war does not continue though Lincoln's administration as some tell her; she misses him and sends her love. Including letter from Charley Watkins, to his father, Nathaniel V. Watkins, is having a good time at his grandpa's but misses his father.","Concerned with certain aspects of the war; relays news of family and friends; gives details of crop situations.","Relays news and health of family and friends; news of the battles of Manassas and Warrenton Springs have reached the family; gives details of crop situations.","Describes his camp life and the wildlife surrounding the camp.","Concerned with his continued denial of a furlough; troubles with the mail service are arising; advises his wife on farm matters and especially on crops of tobacco and wheat; problems concerning his slaves and their runaway slave Tommy are mentioned; also discusses using negroes in camp; describes his abundance of free time in camp; his court work continues; descriptions of the camp, camp members, and surrounding area are made; camp provisions are discussed, such as various clothing and food stuffs; many religous functions are taking place in the camp; mentions battles and fighting around Williamsburg, Manassas, Harper's Ferry, and Washington; mentions uprisings in both Kentucky and Missouri; prisoner exchanges are taking place; believes peace is coming soon.","Fears spread of diptheria, scarlet fever, and measles; conveys news of family and friends; news that corn and tobacco crops are doing well; detailed descriptions of making cloth and dyeing are given.","Concerning a request for a furlough.","Chances for a furlough are becoming slim; sickness, namely remittent fever has hit the camp as well as himself; camp life such as new housing, company provisions, and numbers of news arrivals is discussed; mentions that provisions such as warm clothing are needed from home; concerned with the sale of his slave Tommy; news of the war is increasingly discouraging; details of a new exemption bill are discussed; resuming his work with the court; advises his wife on crops of tobacco and wheat as well as their orchard of apples and peaches; pros and cons of using a substitue are given.","Has sent him the provisions he requested; suggests he should transfer to the Prince Edward cavalry, under the command of General J. E. S. Stewart (Stuart); relays family news.","Attempts boosting his morale and advises him on his problems with getting a furlough; fears that the Yankees will attempt cutting off Richmond from the rest of the South; suggests he not purchase any more slaves and instead should invest in land which is more valuable; slaves as a property are uncertain; relays family news, health of negroes and children.","Relays family news; mentions Brother Dick's opinion of General \"J. E. B.\" Stewart (Stuart) and his raids into Pennsylvania; sickness is hitting friends and family hard; there is a spirit of marrying about; prices for tobacco are high; there is a real need for salt.","Sees no signs of war ending any time soon, and in fact, the North seems even more united; news concerning his negroes is discussed in detail; obtaining a substitute does not look possible at the present time; their new housing has been completed; they are starting up a literacy club to pass time; the weather is getting worse; discusses his limited company duties; describes the court in which he works, speaks of slave use in camp and at the court; relays news of friends in his company; religious events which occur in camp are explained; has been quite depressed; glad to hear of his wife's growing independence; worried about hs mounting debt; gives farm advice; asks for certain provisions from home; frustrated with his continued denial of a furlough; troubles with the mail continue; tells of the blockading of the James River by using both \"sharp-shooters\" and submarine batteries; discusses the extensive ditches and breastworks surrounding Richmond; wishes to sell 300-350 of his 1200 acres; there is no news concerning military battles; mentions the Charlotte cavalry.","Is very concerned with the fact that his wife has been ill; seeks his wife's advice in many matters; while there is an abundance of clothing, the scarcity of shoes is an extreme problem; unless he receives a furlough, is determined to leave the service; continued improvments in camp are carried out; is quite critical of certain commanders; describes religious activites in camp; relays news of his tobacco crop and its going rate; still eager to sell some of his land and pay off his debt; gives details concerning their literary club; discusses, in detail, their execution of firing drills; mentions the Seven Pines; is coping with the bad weather rather well, unlike the negroes in camp; complains about provisions of beef, pork, and lack of butter and sugar; postage is getting high; frequent resignations of generals are taking place; Pickett's division is moving from Richmond to Charleston, South Carolina; signs of peace are becoming more apparent; there are wide-spread rumors of disaffection in the Northwest; gives advice concerning farm and crop trip are given; refers to his stopping at the Wolf Trap depot; (?) in his part of the army; refers to the Southern Literacy Messenger and claims it is a very good paper; Yankees have crossed at Fredricksburg, Virginia and there is a threatened advance being made by Burnside [?]; troops in Richmond and Petersburg are being moved to aid Gen[eral] Lee; there is also action taking place on the James River.","Asks advice on certain family matters; relays family news; dyptheria is becoming quite common among children; tells of troubles with certain negroes as well as the use of negroes in fortifying Weldon; relays facts of a neighbor's will, including provisions for his children and negroes.","Relays news of brother Dick and his fellow soldiers running the blockade for cheaper provisions; updates her on family news; both the weather and roads are poor; refers to the Prince Edward cavalry and the Lee Guards; the weather is contributing to an increase in poor health.","Relays news of their mother's illness as well as other family matters; the poor weather is contributing to an increase in illnesses; refers to the Prince Edward troop and Lee Guards.","Fears his children will forget him; writes of the camp surroundings and the \"big guns;\" wishes his son to learn his letters; has sketched a rough picture of a sickly dog they named Yankee.","Concerning his activities at home.","Is delighted to hear that his wife's health is improving; his chances for a furlough are increasing with the new lottery system; gives details of their shrinking Bible classes and prayer meetings in camp; artillery work is being done around camp; the weather continues to cause problems, especially to their new housing; gives details of the camp's winter provisions; relays stories of his times on guard duty; the size of their company continues to grow; comments on the lack of gentleman remaining in the camp; makes other judgements of camp companies; there is little going on, in and around camp; the mood in camp seems to be low; his health is generally good; gives advice to his wife concerning the next season's crops as well as possible land sale; is attempting to acquire a little negro to care for his wife while she is recovering; their daughter Minnie has also apparently been ill; recommends his wife acquire the Southern Literacy; is unhappy to learn that some of his negroes have been drafted to work on fortifying Weldon; a land dispute has erupted at home which he believes his wife can handle; Southern women will have to accept more responsibility when the war is over; prospects for peace are brightening, possibly by late spring or summer; it is believed also that Lee's army is in better health and spirits than it has ever been; there is a good deal of movement occurring with the Confederate troops; gives details of numerous army and especially naval victories for the South; the union army is rumored to lose 300,000 men by May 1, due to the end of their terms; there is also unrest growing in the northwest and Kentucky, due in part to the raising of black troops; the enemy has also given up on the idea of taking Richmond by way of Fredricksburg. 8 items, ALsS; 2 items, ALs.","Is worried about the late snow, which is proving harmful to their livestock and planting; whooping cough is running rampant among the negores; and they are beginning to get ill as well; relays family news; understands brother Nathaniel V. Watkins has bought a furlough; gives account of brother Dick's (?) charge of a regiment of Yankees; has heard news of friends in the north; refers to the gratifying tobacco prices in the region.","Comments on making it through the extremely harsh and wet winter, which has put off planting; understands he has received a furlough; they are having problems with the spread of whooping cough.","Gives a detailed account of brother Dick and his brigade's attack on a Yankee party; this attack was under the command of a General Fitz Lee; refers to a battle at Kelly's Ford, where the Confederate troops did not fare so well; relays news of family and friends, including those who have been wounded and killed; refers to charges made by the Prince Edward Cavalry, and the reactions made by General Jeb Stuart; the family is suffering with colds and the whooping cough; the children, especially the negro children, are suffering the greatest.","Is upset that he has not received a letter from her as of late; fears the problem lies with the postal service; bustle and confusion are present in his quarters; changes with leadership are occurring in camp; the Confederate army is in desperate need of naval officers; has been in the service for a year now and is growing quite tired of army life; desperately wishes war would end; relays news of certain camp members; gives details of recently received packages from Richmond; receives a furlough for the 16th of March; health continues to be well; states that recruiting is a suitable way for officers to receive long furloughs; there are few men left to recruit, due to the new Conscript Act; weather improves but then grows worse again; no fighting is expected in the area; there is a growing tiredness of war, yet pride keeps the soldiers loyal; relays details of his return to camp; have been given permission to cultivate their own gardens; his faith in God is growing stonger; asks for provisions from home; as well as news concerning his farm; is growing quite worried over the spread of diptheria among children; provisions in camp are becoming scarce; gives his wife some farm advice.","Due to the weather, the camp, especially the roads, need work; has cut down on his chewing of tobacco at his wife's request; provisions in camp continue to worsen; he refuses to eat any of the meat supplied to the camp; due to the weather and condition of the roads, there is little movement among the armies; have kept the enemy in check during the winter; the cases of diptheria have begun to lessen, and he hopes his family is doing well; planting in the surrounding area has begun.","Regretfully informs him of the death of their son Charley R. Watkins.","Relays news of health of family and friends; is concerned about Nannie V. Watkins and her health; the children there are finally getting over the whooping cough, but now suffer with cases of chicken pox and scarlet fever; the planting of their crops has begun; gives details of a cavalry unit from South Carolina which was stationed near their home; speaks, in detail, of a southern sympathizer in Baltimore.","Was sorry to learn of the death of his son Charley R. Watkins, but is happy to hear that his daughter Minnie H. Watkins was feeling better; gives details of how Nannie V. Watkins is reacting to Charley's death; is grateful that God has spared his own family.","Was very sorry to hear of Charley R. Watkins's death; the children there have nearly recovered from the whooping cough.","Informs him that their orders to evacuate the bluff have been cancelled; expresses his regrets at Charley R. Watkins's death; wishes him well and hopes he enjoys his stay at home.","Attempts desperately to console him; knows how he feels, because her child Lilie (?) also has passed away; hopes the area's health will improve with the coming of warmer weather.","Was shocked and upset to learn of his son Charley R. Watkins's death; attempts comforting Nathaniel; writes of his service in the cavalry and the state of the Confederate troops; states what a great negative effect the death of General \"Stonewall\" Jackson has had on the army; gives details of General \"J. E. B.\" Stuart and his attempts to raise a large cavalry force, including his own, the Hampton brigade, and Fitz Lee's brigade; writes of the difficulties in acquiring newspapers; it has been rumored that Lincoln has called out an additional 500,000 troops; refers to his service on a board which examines and condemns horses which are unfit for service.","Insists that Nannie come and stay with her; relays news of the family; the children there are getting well again; writes of the religious services held in the area; the crops in the area are suffering from a lack of rain; it's been very cool and dry; it seems to be more difficult acquiring furloughs; is having trouble getting summer cloth woven in time.","Hopes Nannie V. Watkins will come for a visits and that he will be able to join her; a hailstorm has damaged the wheat and watermelon crops; the corn crops are doing well; the health of the family is generally good; states that she will be sending him provisions.","Scope and Contents Wishes to visit her sister-in-law Pattie Watkins but thinks it wise to wait until late July or August, when they should be over the whooping cough; their daughter Minnie H. Watkins had again taken ill but has fully recovered; have commenced cutting wheat but the rain is slowing them down; the crops of corn and pumpkin are doing well; refers to soldiers running the blockade and confiscating Yankee provisions; relays news of family and friends; the neighborhood id getting healthy again; deeply mourns the death of their son, Charley R. Watkins; gives details of church services held in the area; states how much his family, the Smileys (his overseer), and his negroes love and miss him; refers to her boarding of Confederate soldiers; has had a problem with one of the negroes burning down his house; is ashamed of the luxury in which she lives compared to the hardships soldiers must face; assumes he is keeping up with his Bible class; expresses her dislike for the \"drinking and profane officers;\" mentions the task of exchanging their wool for cotton; Smiley (their overseer) has been possibly ordered into service, and Nannie will have to watch over the farm; will send him the shoes he needed; has heard that the war effort is going well; Grant is weakening in the west and Lee is in control of the east; is hopeful about their success at Vicksburg and their holding of Fredericksburg; refers to the tyranny of the Yankee troops and the actions taken against the Southern civilians; expresses doubt concerning the actions of West Tennessee; God will see the South through the war and deliver them the victory; the prospects for peace are very bright.","Gives details of his return to camp following his short furlough; travelled with 500 Yankee prisoners which were to be exchanged; refers to the Yankee raids in VIrginia; his duties in camp have increased; the victory at Fredricksburg was both a boost and damaging to the Confederate troops, due to the death of \"Old Stonewall\" discusses his chances of acquiring another furlough; refers to the dependent condition of their negroes; all the men in camp are in fine spirits; wishes to invest his money in Confederate bonds; is interested in the movement of Pickett's division; poor provisions are being offered to many companies; believes war will end by late summer; writes about various camp members and friends; fears there may be another battle at or near Fredricksburg soon; General Robert E. Lee is increasing his cavalry forces; refers to the numerous Confederate victories; relays the experiences of a Confederate prisoner's stay in a Yankee camp; it is rumored that Yankee's are holding 7,000 negroes on Canary Island; states the Quarter Master is quite inefficient; refers to a Congressional Act concerning provisions for paying off debts; in anxious to hear of matters concerning his farm and crops; fears for the wheat crops in the South; wishes his wife to visit his sisters in Prince Edward County, Virginia; misses his son, Charley R. Watkins, very much; needs provisions from home.","Scope and Contents Relays family news; gives her reactions to the fall of Vicksburg; refers to the wet and warm weather which kept them from working on the crops; due to the rainy weather, the rivers are impassable; gives details of a company of soldiers and their stay overnight; one of the neighbor's negro woman has run off; have commenced weaving their cotton; are experiencing little ailments, but are generally in good health; wishes he would visit. Including letter from Millie Watkins, to her brother, Nathaniel V. Watkins. Is a little under-the-weather but will write soon and wishes him to do the same.","There was a massive transport of Confederate troops to Richmond, due to a new Yankee advancement on the capital; refers to a Yankee attack of a bridge over the Southhanna River; does not speak well of the general in charge at Richmond; fears Richmond may be taken; states that Southerners are much too secure in their thoughts and actions; is hopeful now that Robert E. Lee has entered Pennslyvania; gives details of a North Carolina cavalry unit's stay at their farm; Robert E. Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania is believed to be going well; papers of both the North and South are writing in terms of peace; men returning home for horses are not finding this task easy; has learned that Vicksburg has fallen; there South must put their faith in God and assume He will make the right decision; is disgusted with those who feel the South will lose; is relieved to hear that Lee has recrossed the Potomac; the Southern people are growing tired of the war; it is rumored that Yankees are advancing on Weldon; refers to President Jefferson Davis' proclamation calling for another day of fasting and prayer; frequent raids are being made by the Yankees; fears defeat; the extreme amounts of rain are causing problems with the crops; gives details of the neighbors; often refers to her dead son Charley R. Watkins and their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; relays news of their family and friends, as well as the ailments afflicting them; have begun hiving bees; gives news of church matters; conveys news of the livestock; mentions the scores of family and friends killed, wounded or taken prisoner at the Battle of Gettysburg; rivers have become impassable; there are many cases of theft occurring; gives details of her visit home to Brookland [?]; refers to the work being done by the negroes; a survey and sale of a parcel of his land has taken place; refers to the cruel treatment exercised on a neighbor's negro.","Relays details of a visit by relatives; recent deaths and illnesses affecting friends and family are discussed; facts concerning the schooling in the area are given; refers to the numerous soldiers killed in \"the Battle\" (of Gettysburg); relays church news; mentions that state of their vegetable gardens; hopes he is over his chills.","Is quite worried about the sickness prevailing within her family; distemper; has killed a great number of their cows and oxen; their crops are suffering as much as she assumes they are in North Carolina; refers to the neighbors aiding them with their recent problems; relays news of visits by family and friends.","Ransom (?) has driven the Yankees from Weldon (?); is becoming increasingly impatient for the end of the war; they have heard gunfire nearby; the war effort is not going well; refers to a gunboat battle on the James River; recounts again how many of their friends were killed in the Battle of Gettysburg; hopes for an exchange for those soldiers who were taken prisoner; believes the South must once again renew their faith in God if the war is to be won; refers to the upcoming \"fast day\" and hopes it will be faithfully observed; is quite worried about her husband and \"the chills\" which he has been experiencing; mentions frequently the number of friends who are coming down with dysentery, diptheria, and typhoid fever; gives a detailed account of recent deaths; recent church news is given; the schooling of the local children has once again commenced; gives a detailed account of the progress in their crops of wheat, corn, tobacco, and oats; there is a shortage in their stock of sheep as well, due to the stealing of the sheep by runaway negroes; often mentions their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; is considering visiting family in Prince Edward County, Virginia; refers to the necessity of weaving their own cloth; mentions the increasing number of robberies in the area including the illegal entry into their own home; is delighted to learn that furloughs are again being issued.","Receives news of Nathaniel's hopes for a furlough or substitution; makes many references to their children; relays family, church and neighborhood news; sickness in the area continues, and the negroes are being hit hard; discusses schooling in the area; news of the crops is minimal; refers to troop movement and Nathaniel's move to Charleston, South Carolina; is angered at those young men escpaing military duty; mentions artillery fire in the area; refers to the \"sharp-shooters\" in Charleston; Beauregard (?) will save Charleston; states that \"our officers are strict;\" refers to the duties of her husband is performing; is quite worried about Nathaniel's health; refers to her chores at home; mentions a neighbor's trip to Petersburg and the Natural Bridge; the well-being of their negroes is discussed, as well as the trouble some negroes are causing; relays news of theft in the area; believes the war effort is still going well; reminds Nathaniel to avoid the temptation of alcohol.","Relays church news; refers to the well-being of friends and neighbors; home chores and laboring on the crops continues; mentions their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; refers to the emptiness of many local stores; schooling of the children continues; gives details of the trading being done at the \"Fork\" a local election is taking place; stealing is occuring by the female negroes; updates on their negroes are made; is having problems finding someone to manage the farm another year; refers to revivals taking place in the army; lectures her husband on attending his Bible class and on the evils of drinking; discusses Nathaniel's hopes of getting a furlough or substitute; relays news of General Beauregard's efforts at saving Charleston; fear of a \"great battle\" in Tennessee is growing; mentions a fight at Chattanooga (?); is pleased to learn Nathaniel has accepted a higher and less taxing position; is worried that he has sent to Jones' Island, \"the most dangerous place around Charleston.\"","Gives details of Richmond's and Petersburg's attempt to feed General Robert E. Lee's troops at Christmas; relays news of his condition to camp; is worried about the fact that their caretaker has been sent into the army; the number of furloughs granted has increased; is sorry to hear of the unrest in the neighborhoods; refers to the desertions being made to the enemy; there is a real need for more horses; asks for many provisions; the army appears to be still optimistic; gives instructions concerning his crops; refers to the intense fighting going on around him at Chaffin's Farm and Welson.","Refers to the fail of Atlanta; comments on recent Yankee advancements; the chase between Early (?) and Sheridan (?) is ongoing in his area; contemplates and reflects on the times they live in; wonders about the success of \"Old Bob\" (Robert E. Lee) and his tactics of war; refers to the plundering done by Yankees; the cost of a calvary are proving to be too much.","Is continuing his religious committment in camp; frequently comments on his hopes for a furlough or Nannie visiting; camp life is often discussed; advises Nannie on what to do with his crops and other farm matters; refers to the fail of Atlanta, Georgia, Savannah, Georgia, and possibly Petersburg, Virginia; spirits are still high and the number of desertations have lessened; is upset over the greed and corruptness spreading throughout the southern people and officers; negroe sales are becoming difficult; believes negroes should be fighting along with Confederate soldiers; flood damage is affecting travel; refers to talks and fears of Reconstruction and emancipation; a delay in payment is hurting the Confederate army; sharp-shooters are mentioned frequently; Richmond may have to be evacuated; feels the war will end soon; discusses weaknesses of the South; provisions are needed; rumors of an armistice are surfacing; feels President Lincoln is reloading his army; refers to General Wise and his hopeful speeches; the local railroads may be taken; gives advice on how to properly raise their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; fighting has increased in area; mentions an exchange of prisoners; refers to the strengths of the armies; news has spread of General Sherman and his march through the South; gives a description of General Robert E. Lee and his command.","Is frequently updated on family news; wishes his wife to visit him; due to the recent epidemic of measles, is worried about his daughter Minnie H. Watkins; feels the Southern people are not doing enough for the cause; is quite hurt by the conduct of his negroes at home; gives advice on his crops; asks for provisions; is worried over the disappearance of his negroes; the overuse of trains has slowed the mail; soldiers remaine determined; desertions have ceased; Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia, have artially have been evacuated; restraints have been placed on the press; worries about General Sherman are rising; relays news of religion in camp; rains are damaging the roads and is restricting the movement of troops; mentions a victory at Kinston (?); refers to North Carolina Governor Vance's appeal for provisions for General Lee's army; gives news of shelling incident in camp.","Relays news of his move from Petersburg, Virginia; refers to Early's (?) disasterous campaign in western Virginia; gives a description of camp life; there are a number of surrounding forces; sharp-shooters are constantly at work; gives farm advice.","Many railroads have been seized by the enemy; rumors are spreading of Yankees around Richmond, Virginia; it is rumored that General Sherman has been defeated; Confederate troops are hopeful; relays news of his regiment and their fighting; hopes to raise a negro regiment are rising; religious news in camp is discussed; relays news of his time of the picket line; heavy fighting continues around Petersburg, Virginia; refers to General Robert E. Lee's fight with General Sherman; the southern people put much faith in General Lee; intense shelling of cities are occuring; troops are encouraged by victory at Petersburg, Virginia.","Relays news of family visits; refers to health conditions; the Prince Edward County, Virginia cavalry is on display; gives update on crop conditions; insists that Nathaniel takes care of his tobacco; relays news of the commotion being caused by the freed negroes; are having many problems with the Yankees; likes President Andrew Jackson better than President Abraham Lincoln; Johnson understands the negro.","Relays farm news; health problems are prevalent in the family; children's progress in school is continuing; refers to religious event taking place; bankruptcies are spreading.","Is worried and anxious to hear from her family since the war has ended; relays news of sickness in the family; gives miscellaneous family news; life after war is rough; salaries are smaller and prices are higher; puts her faith in God.","Refers to problems Nathaniel is having with increasing debts; tells Nathaniel to put his faith in God; he is doing much better; has formed a Conservative Party in hopes of defeating the new Constitution of the Radicals; relays farm news.","Discusses his move to Farmville and 212 acre plantation he has acquired; matters are going well; refers to Nathaniel's debt problem and the sale of his land; invites Nathaniel and his family to live with him; complains of the cough and cold he has had since the war.","Mentions a compromise made with his creditors; the exchange of land, livestock, and money are involved; is taking advantage of the Bankruptcy Act; his family is sick with colds; prefers staying at his own home rather than moving in with Richard; hopes to open a little school and take in boarders.","Things are going well; gives news of family and friends; relays church news; is concerned about her garden and fowls; mentions how their daughter Minnie and Nannie are doing.","Relays news of his crops and her garden; refers to sicknesses in the neighborhood; updates her on the family and neighborhood news; mentions his involvement in the church; is having a problem with debts; drought conditions and later heavy rains damage his crops; refers to his tenant farmers and their inadequate work compared to slave hands; blames negroes and Yankees for the hard times; there is a lack of both old and new scholars; is unhappy to be separated from his wife and children; refers to the condition of his livestock; gives advice on the raising of their children; is busy organizing church records of membership.","Encourages Nathaniel to keep his land soley owned and not to go into partnership; mentions the numerous problems in the area all stemming from sickness and the Yankees; advises Nathaniel on his debt problems; they must all put their faith in God; death is running rampant through areas of Virginia; his own child had died; refers to the effects of the death of General Robert E. Lee; the search for wealth is overshadowing the need for character; mentions his dislike for the new state Constitution; gives crop news; discussses the many problems with finding labor; relays family news.","Refers to numerous family matters and chores; mentions the quiet Christmas they spent; discusses the health of the family; since negroes are moving further south, laborers are scarce; there is a shortage of ice; gives news of schooling in the area; the mild winter was appreciated.","Refers to the religious revivial in the area; comments on Nathaniel's debt problems; relays family news; drought conditions continue; their sisters are not well and have gone to certain springs to recover; mentions the celebration of their mother's 81st brithday; discusses their garden and livestock; relays crops news; there are a great many deaths around Farmville and Richmond, Virginia.","Is spending time at the spring to recover from her spell of pneumonia; she has also developed breast cancer but hopes the water will cure it; pleads with Nathaniel to watch over their mother.","Reports a death in the family; diptheria is taking its toll on the neighborhood; her health is improving; relays family news; mentions the status of their crops and livestock.","Refers to Nathaniel's school and thanks him for admitting Eddie (?); relays family news.","They are having trouble filling seats of administration in Formsville; carpet baggers and scalawags are only ones avaliable; gives his detailed advice on raising an orchard; relays crop news; the drought continues; his legal matters are not yet cleared up.","Was sorry to learn of the death of their child; instructs them to put their faith in God; is concerned with their sister Patty's recovery; relays church news.","Relays family news; mentions the chores keeping her busy at home; refers to the growth of Farmville, Virginia; congratulates him on the arrival of his new daughter; the weather has been bad; discusses Nathaniel and the teaching he's doing for her sons Eddie and Henry.","Is happy to hear of Nathaniel's good health; relays family news; mentions the growth of Farmville, Virginia; gives details on the schooling of the local children; there is a scarcity of laborers; refers to her chores at home; writes him a copy of a letter informing them of their sister's death; various members of the family are ridden with ailments.","Mentions the numerous chores her husband has recently given her; her health is suffering; relays news of their crops, garden and livestock; updates them on the family news; is upset that the family seldom sees each other.","Questions the progress made by his sons Eddie and Henry in at Nathaniel's boarding school; also inquires about the payment.","Discusses the health of the family; apparently Minnie's mother, Nannie V. Watkins, is accomodating a houseful of people; relays family news; is upset with the condition of her fowls.","Rainy weather is preventing planting; refers to the poor health of the children as well as other family members; relays news of family visits.","Gives details of her trip to visit her aunt and uncle, Nannie V. and Nathaniel V. Watkins; refers to Nathaniel's boarding school; relays crop news; Nathaniel feels he is extremely over-worked.","Updates her on the events at home; relays news of his tobacco crop; refers to the progress of his boarding school and other schooling in the area.","Nathaniel's continuous working is giving him health problems; they are living in extremely hard times; he must continue teaching due to the poor tobacco crops; relays miscellaneous farm news; gives details of event taking place at his club metting; mentions the difficulties in sending his daughter, Minnie H. Watkins to Farmville, Virginia, for schooling; his family is quite poor but happy; believes life for him is worse than life in Prince Edward County, Virginia; does not trust the corrupt railroads; gives advice on his daughter's studies.","Scope and Contents Describes, in detail, their little cousin Asa Watkins; relays family news and news of other children in the area.","Wishes she and her family would move back to Virginia and close to him; refers to the bad temperament of his son Asa; gives details on his garden; mentions how many beautiful children there are in his neighborhood.","Is sorry to hear of her mother's (Nannie V. Watkins) poor health; suggests more servants and family visits would help her; requests that Minnie come to school near him; is doing quite well due to good crops and good health; relays neighborhood and family news; despite the hard times they are keeping their spirits up in the area; mentions a meeting of the stockholders in the Richmond and Danville Railroad; hopes his son (Asa Watkins) will be a machinist as they are so desperately needed in the South.","Informs Nathaniel of the declining health and eventual death of their mother (?); recalls how blessed they were with good parents; refers to the many virtuous qualities held by their mother; refers to Nathaniel's offer to teach his children; relays the studies and future plans of his daughters; is sending his daughter to school in Lynchburg, Virginia, for music training; the hard times make it impossible to visit one another; the crops are poor in the surrounding country; gives family news; goes over financial matters with Nathaniel; mentions his numerous farm chores; prices are quite low for tobacco; refers to his mounting debts; the abundance of lawyers in Farmville, Virginia, is hurting his law business; refers to their quiet Christmas at home; is disgusted with the number of \"demagogues and negroes\" filling the legislature; fears Catholics will be next.","His financial problems continue; apparently, farther south, matters are a little better because speculation and development are higher; his farm is serving as an expense rather then a source of profit; must continue teaching to pay for farm expenses; refers to his recent nervous breakdown due to over-work; mentions the horrors of teaching; relays family news; although he would like to, he is too poor to relocate; refers to his crops of cotton, tobacco and molasses; mentions the upcoming railroad from Keysville (?) to Clarksville (?).","Is sorry to hear of Nathaniel's bad health; has been forced to give up his low profession and concentrate on his farming; mentions his poor health; refers to the troubles of their sister, Pattie Watkins Scott and the nursing of her husband (?); is now taking in boarders and is teaching; relays crop news; is getting poorer each year; refers to an attempt to form a Farmer's Club; deer hunting seems to be the last profitable venture in Virginia.","Gives details of the schooling and boarding of their children.","Relays family news; refers to their good cotton crop in the area.","Refers to her running the farm and matters of the household; is also maintaining a school in the house; mentions her declining appearance; has been forced to raise her step-son Emby (Scott) in a strange manner; gives details of her garden and livestock; is upset that she seldom sees her even closest family; refers to the declining health throughout the family.","Informs him of her father's (?) death.","Responds to Richard's request for a loan; refers to family illnesses; discusses her trip to Texas; apparently times in Texas are not as hard; also revisited Mobile and states its people are \"real Virginians.\"","Scope and Contents Thanks them for sending Emma Watkins to care for them while they are ill.","Refers to the loss of her daughter Lizzie and Nathaniel's son Charley R. Watkins; relays family news; mentions her family's religious practices; refers to the schooling of her children; times have been hard since the outbreak of the war; prices are higher and children are being forced to work; can no longer keep servants. Includes letter from Mary Ballantine, to her uncle, Nathaniel V. Watkins informing him of her sister Lizzie's death.","Wishes she could visit; relays family news; her health is improving.","Relays family news; are having a rough winter which is hurting their crop beds; refers to the schooling of their children; mentions the chores performed by the family.","Often mentions the prospect of Nathaneil's receiving a furlough; refers to a woman's chore of weaving at home; relays news of schooling going on; negroes are fortifying Raleigh, North Carolina; mentions her many chores at home; relays news of their crops and livestock; is relieved to learn that the Ironsides have been forced to leave the area of Charleston, South Carolina; relays family and neighborhood news; there apparently are a number of southern deserters; are having trouble with the theft of poultry in the area; refers to her Pa's effort to get him a substitute; believes the South is fighting God's war; fears Nathaniel will get too lazy; often refers to the progress of their children Charley R. Watkins and Minnie H. Watkins; is worried about Nathaniel's poor health; makes many references to their happy life before the war; is very upset at the number of men in the South escaping their military duty; is upset at the religious unrest in the South since the outbreak of war; relays news of sickness and death spreading throughout the neighborhood.","Encourages him to continue the study of his letters.","Relays family news both before and after the war; discusses money matters; relays news of their provisions in camp; refers to the South's greatest victory at Manassas, Virginia; although the Yankee army is rumored to be quite large, Nathaniel believes they are \"despirited and demoralized\" refers to success in Kentucky; makes references to General Robert E. Lee's expertise; believes an attack of Maryland, Ohio, and Pennsylvania is coming; refers to the North's destruction of Northern Virginia; puts his faith in God; relays news of his company's activities and camp life; is worried about the increased depreciation of Southern currency while prices of goods are still rising; they are suffering for supplies in Lee's army; relays religious news of the camp; gives advice on farm matters at home; mentions his long hours of picket duty; refers to the increased sickness of home.","Relays both good and bad news concerning crops in the area; discusses financial matters; wishes he could visit; refers to the problems of his livestock and negros eating away at his farm; relays news of his crops and livestock.","Refers to his son (Asa Watkins) and his numerous amusements; relays neighborhood news; is behind in his farm work; low tobacco prices add to the already hard times.","Refers to the increasing hard times they are living in; mentions the many demoralized Negroes; her children are frequently sick; sickness is prevalent throughout the South; relays family news; refers to the Southern hatred of Yankees.","Relays news of her caring for an ailing neighbor friends have also been wounded in battle; many horses are dying in battle; there has been an increase of sickness in area.","Scope and Contents An envelope for a weekly offering made by Nannie V. Watkins at Shiloh Presbyterian Church, two school compositions written by Minnie H. Watkins, an invoice of goods bought by Nathaniel V. Watkins, two news items reporting the death of Dr. Elisha Ballantine, a note written by a parent requesting prayer for their conversation, four items of miscellaneous verse and two unidentified fragments.","Including one written February 16, 1866, telling of \"poverty\" and \"straightened circumstances\" and one referring to the death of his mother, Mildred Morton Watkins.","Mentioning measles epidemic of 1858 which affected the health of 18 Negroes and his political views during the war. Also letter from Thomas W. Daniel, Monterey, Virginia, to his cousin, Nathaniel V. Watkins.","Washington College (Washington and Lee College), commenting on slavery and giving advice to his son at college. Also includes letter from Patty Watkins.","Other letters from his brother-in-law Elisha Ballantine, sisters Susan M. Watkins and Pattie Watkins.","Also letter from from Mildred S. Watkins to her granddaughter Minnie H. Watkins.","To his brother Nathaniel V. Watkins from Richmond, 1848, Prince Edward and Charlotte, 1848 and 1850, Philadelphia, 1854, and South Carolina, 1857; to his mother Mildred Morton Watkins from Cuba, 1858.","Includes letter from Nathaniel's mother (Mildred Morton Watkins).","Also letters from Mildred S. Watkins.","Sarah S. Skinner served as a governess in James B. Daniel's home in the 1850's, to Nannie (Daniel Watkin's) and from Martha H. Bliss, Shelburne, Vermont, to Nannie Daniel Watkins, Waterloo, North Carolina.","Including letter to Nancy Daniel Watkins from an old schoolmate about Sarah Skinner, a New England governess, letter from C. A. Watkins of Missouri to his cousin Richard Watkins, copy of will of Henry N. Watkins of Oldham, Prince Edward, copy of deed of five slaves to Nathaniel and Nannie Watkins by James B. Daniel, and letter from J. Morton to Richard Watkins.","Includes letters from Mildred R. Daniel, Lucy Jane Daniel, Charles Read Daniel, Martha E. Daniel, Jane E. Daniel, Patty Watkins, P. S. Daniel, Mollie O. Watkins and James N. Daniel. Also includes simplified genealogy.","Also letters from Nannie (Daniel) Watkins to father and mother.","Letter from ex-slaves who went to Tennessee with Mr. Barbes in 1875. Includes letters from Polly Graham (one of five slaves given to Nannie Watkins on her wedding day by her father James B. Daniel in 1859) and her daughters Martha and Sarah.","Includes a deed for slaves from Mildred S. Watkins, a receipt for the purchase of slaves from James B. Daniel and a receipt for the purchase of slaves from James B. Daniel and a receipt for the purchase of a female slave from G. A. Wilson.","Includes letter from Henry U. Watkins; Nathaniel Jackson; E. Ballantine; Benjamin S. Ewell; Michael DeVere, Edward H. Courtenay, Lawrence Smith (Professors at the University of Virginia); and Richard H. Watkins."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"famname_ssim":["Ballentine family","Daniel family","Read family","Watkins family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ballentine family","Daniel family","Read family","Watkins family"],"persname_ssim":["Watkins, Nathaniel Venable","Ballantine, Elisha (Rev.)","Daniel, James B.","Read, Charles Lewis, 1794-1869","Sherrill, Nancy Read","Watkins, Richard H."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Ballentine family","Daniel family","Read family","Watkins family","Watkins, Nathaniel Venable","Ballantine, Elisha (Rev.)","Daniel, James B.","Read, Charles Lewis, 1794-1869","Sherrill, Nancy Read","Watkins, Richard H."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":208,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:46:13.986Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8397","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8397","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8397","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8397","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8397.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Watkins, Nathaniel V. Family Papers","title_ssm":["Nathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Nathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1846-1889","1862-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1846-1889"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1862-1865"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1846/1889, bulk 1862/1865"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers, 1846/1889, bulk 1862/1865"],"text":["Nathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers, 1846/1889, bulk 1862/1865","Mss. 39.1 W32 and 2008.306","/repositories/2/resources/8397","Virginia","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 3rd","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 34th","Granville County (N.C.)--History--19th century","Peninsular Campaign, 1862","Prince Edward County (Va.)--History--19th century","Property tax","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)--Virginia","Slavery--Virginia--19th century","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)","Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Nathaniel Venable Watkins","Processed by Beth Holmes (1989) and Derek Stepp (1990). Box and Folder List compiled by Kassia Halcli, SCRC staff, in October 2011.","Letters, chiefly 1862-1865, written by Nathaniel Venable Watkins to his wife Nancy Daniel Watkins. During the Civil War, Watkins served with Co. H, 4th Virginia Heavy Artillery, which became part of the 34th Virginia Infantry Regiment. Watkins appeared to have saw little combat, spending much of his time in defensive positions guarding artillery batteries. His unit was stationed at Gloucester Point (during the Peninsular Campaign), near Richmond (Chaffin's Bluff) and near Petersburg. His letters concern camp life, religion among the soldiers, his work as a clerk for courts-martial; and he gave directions to his wife concerning the management of their farm in Granville, North Carolina.","The collection also includes correspondence of other members of the Watkins family of Prince Edward County, Virginia and of the Daniel family of Granville County, North Carolina. Some letters concern and are written by Richard H. Watkins who served in the Prince Edward Dragoons, 3rd Virginia Cavalry and who was a farmer in Prince Edward County, Virginia during Reconstruction.","The collection includes letters concerning slavery before and during the Civil War as well as letters written from formerly enslaved persons.","Charles Lewis Read is the father of Jane Eliza Read who married James B. Daniel. Their daughter, Nancy Venable Daniel, married Nathaniel Venable Watkins. Betsey Anne Ballentine was the sister of Nathaniel Venable Watkins.","Addition 2008.308 contains material for the Read, Daniel, Ballentine and Watkins families. The donor organized the papers and this order has been maintained.","Asks cousin if he will act as agent for their joint property in Virginia; encloses ten dollars for taxes on this property; tells of wave of immigration to California and Oregon; inquires about prices of negro boys and girls in Virginia; states the price in Missouri; and says this it is too high there.","Tells of his arrival at the University, his course load and his lodgings, including his roommate, Mr. Tallaferro (?) of Tidewater; relates his impressions of the University and surrounding area; asks that his family write to him.","Describes, rather disparingly, Christmas season in Prince Edward Court House; gives various items of family news; encourages Nathaniel to perservere in his studies at the University of Virginia; explains that Nathaniel has better future prospects than he does.","Scope and Contents Tells of trains being occupied with troops heading toward Petersburg and for the Peninsula, therefore he may not be able to travel toward Petersburg or Richmond; reports rumor of fighting near Newport News, but states that no one known anything; hopes that God will bless his wife and children in this trial. Including letter from Nathaniel V. Watkins, Richmond, Virginia, to Nannie V. Watkins, Townesville, North Carolina, Sunday evening, including news of travel to Richmond and descriptions of his acquaintances. Note: Addressed in error to Townesville, Virginia.","Gives description of his surroundings and plan for improving camp; talks of possibility of fighting soon on the Peninsula, Yorktown and of reinforcement of Fort Magruder; talks of the food available; describes the officers of his company; requests some items.","Describes his activities, such as standing duty; talks of prayer meetings which are held in the tent of the Orderly Sergeant; states that most of the Officers are pious; writes of potential fighting on Peninsula; requests that his wife and children write him more often.","Complains that he has received no mail in a couple of weeks even though others receive it; talks of the fighting on the Peninsula and their role across the river in detail; mentions his feeling of indifference before battle; tells Nannie not to be alarmed by news in papers, but only to rely on word of those in his company; mentions his deep desire to see her and the children.","Discusses possibility that the mail is responsible for his lack of letters; exhorts Nannie not to believe rumors in papers; states that troop morale is good and reinforcements come; mentions that all ladies have been banned from their lines and that most men are well; hopes that all is well at home; tells Nannie how important she is to him.","Talks mostly about how much he misses Nannie; mentions possibility of fighting in Gloucester Point; states that all men are well except Johny Booker (?) who is being sent to Richmond.","Describes in great detail activities and fighting on the Peninsula; mentions the Yankees' use of hot air balloon and sighting of two war steamers. Including, April 13, 1862, acknowledges letter from Nannie, narrates Sunday's activities including preaching, Bible study and prayer meetings; tells Nannie to have her father take control of their farm; asks negroes at home and sends his love; mentions General Joseph E. Johnston, the Peninsula fighting and alledged Confederate victories in the West.","Writes of his activities at home; asks father to visit him, says he is a good boy; illustrates letter with two small pictures.","Acknowledges receiving his letters; asks for another letters soon; writes of visiting a sick friend; narrates several items of family news.","Describes his surroundings, the big (York) river and ships on the river; (does not mention the Peninsular campaign or his activities therein); asks Charley to watch out for his little sister, continue to learn, and to mind his ma and grandma. Illustrates bottom of letter with picture of a horse.","Gives many details of everyday life; mentions that her mother is unwell; describes activities of two brothers also fighting in war; mentions a friend who might be converted.","Gives detail of his activities over the past few days; mentions enemy shelling of Confederate troops on Peninsula on Sunday evening perhaps to lower morale; tells of exchange of fire with enemy steamers; discusses increase in his relgious feelings due to his current situation. Including, April 16, 1862, acknowledges receiving Nannie's letter; thanks her for expressing her support of him and of his cause; asks about things at home on their farm; sends his love to the negroes; expresses feeling that he will be home in six months.","Scope and Contents Asks Nannie to excuse the manner in which he writes as he is often interrupted by boys talking to him; acknowledges receiving her letter; tells of great joy in camp because almost everyone received mail; states that mail is an incredible morale booster; asks Nannie to have her and her childrens' photograph taken for him; mentions that Gloucester Point was quiet, but that there was heavy fighting on the Peninsula; reports figures of those killed and wounded on both sides; says that Colonel McKinney of the 5th North Carolina (?) regiment killed in the fight; reports that their fortifications are twice as strong as when he arrived three weeks ago; mentions his view of Yorktown, York River and the Yankee Fleet; gives entire menu of the day's meals in detail. Including April 19, 1862, mentions large amount of reinforcements arriving from the Army of the Potomac and that General Ambrose Powell or Daniel Harvey (?) Hill is in Yorktown; tells of arrival of another first rate married man in his company; relates camp stories; says that all men are well and that he would be enjoying camp life like the others if he had not left so much behind.","All are well in camp except Daniel Booker who has the mumps; yesterday was a gloomy day for him, but that generally he feels as content and happy as others in the camp; asks for a bottle of ink and an ink stand; says that there is no news of interest because they do not know what is happening on the Peninsula; reports that he receives his Christian Observer regularly and enjoys it as it looks like home; describes a visit in Richmond as the cost of several purchases made there; comments on the cruelty of this war; asks for news of his children and negroes; explains decrease in their rations due to increase in army.","All is quiet both in his camp and on the Peninsula; notes seeing many transports carrying Yankee soldiers on the river; asks for more news and details from home; mentions his lack of trust in newspaper reports; complains of constant noise, bustle and confusion; asks for more news from home; inquires about his negroes and exhorts them to keep everything straight; writes that he is sorry he didn't see them before he left; describes being shelled by Yankee steamers; mentions increase in religiousness of a friend.","Discusses religious activities, such as Bible study and sermons, and mentions that several men have made confessions of faith; gives advice to Nannie on how to handle their separation, educate the children and states that they should be thankful for their fate which could be worse; states that Peninsula is still quiet, but that fighting must take place soon; the men are confident; says that Confederate lines are more strongly fortified than at Manassas and Centreville; army numbers eighty to a hundred thousand and is armed with enough amunition, cannons and artillery; mentions possibility of iron-clads; gives names of commaders-- General Joseph E. Johnston commands Army, General Hill the left wing resting on the York River, General James Longstreet the center, and General John Bankhead Magruder the right wing resting on the James River. Including letter dated April 28, 1862, exhorts Nannie to write longer letters and more frequently; gives detailed instructions for cultivation of his farm.","Describes negative, poor morale of men after they heard news of New Orleans defeat; expresses disappointment at increasing amount of profanity among men and that this will not help their cause with God; tells of his visit to Yorktown and Captain Baskerville; states that men in Yorktown are in good spirits, but more exposed to the weather; writes of several religious activities; comments on the beliefs of his officers. Including letter, April 30, 1862, mentions that he could see the enemy when he visited York; states that tomorrow he will have been in the service for one month.","Writes that they were issued muskets for a forced march; reports that they began the march, but turned back and now remain in camp; does not know reason for march; assures her he will be fine.","Gives details of their march from Gloucester Point; describes hospitality of people of King and Queen County as they passed through; says he does not know reason for leaving the Point; tells of several deserters; gives his love to his family and says they should all be grateful (incomplete).","Scope and Contents Now in the Army of the Peninsula, the Grand Army; describes various activities such as listening to sermons, visiting acquaintances in surrounding camps, bathing, and drilling; says his company has been divided into two-- one half, including our boys, to be left artillery, the other armed with muskets; mentions 18th Virginia Company and 23rd North Carolina Company; describes sight of six or seven thousand men on drill; reports that they are having an easier time in Light Artillery than the infantry have; knows nothing about whereabouts of army.","Writes of news received for Peninsula campaign including names of those wounded in their community; gives much family news regarding illnesses, gardens, etc.","Describes a miserable march and the manning of his gun; says that men stood the march well; says if he is made infantry he will attempt to transfer to another company; doesn't see how this force of eight or ten thousand can he whipped by any force. Including letter, April 18, 1862, gives instructions of where to write him; expresses concern for those at home due to outbreak of fever.","Describes the situation in the camp; says that he and the men are well; states that he cannot visit Richmond as he must be accompanied by an officer and have a pass signed by his captain and by General Hill and General Robert Emmett Rodes and this is almost impossible; gives two reasons for officers wanting to keep men in camp-- impending battle and to keep men away from liquor in Richmond; states his desire and work to transfer to another regiment to be in artillery.","Dissatisfied with his regiment because it is now infantry and because of selfishness at their captain; mentions also that he feels superior and better qualified than many of his officers; states that his friend Doc is at home on a 20 day furlough because of his dysentery (incomplete).","Writes of his homesickness and concern that he loves her and his family too much, and that he would trade all the glories won in all battles for an hour at home with his wife and children; mentions health precautions of drying his feet well; writes again of his transfer attempts; says that he and most of the men have been suffering from diarrhea.","Describes in much detail, the daily activities of camp for the past three days; mentions a failed attempt to join an artillery unit. Including letter, May 28, 1862, gives instructions for care of farm; requests more news from home, tells of busyness of camp. Enclosure: Two newspaper clippings from the Central Presbyterian.","Says that he is in Richmond due to a pain caused by passage of gravel from the kidneys to the bladder, a routine and not serious problem among men in the army; mentions a skirmish near the Chickahominy River where the Yankees were whipped; says they have been getting enough to eat despite rumours to the contrary; says morale is good; they are confident of holding Richmond; the tide of victory has turned in their favor and war will be over in a short time; thanks God for protecting his health and family; relates story of a fight where thankfully his company was spared. Including letter, June 2, 1862.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter of May 26 which encouraged him greatly; discusses his dislike of infantry service and desire to obtain a substitute; mentions that he has recovered from last week's illness; gives brief account of fighting on May 31 and June 1, Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks), although his party escaped involvement; gives more instructions of management of his farm. Including letter, June 5, 1862, requests new pair of shoes and blacking. Including letter, June 6, 1862, requests chewing tobacco and a blanket; tells of his stay in Richmond.","Mentions comfortableness of present camp compared to some others; describes in more detail the Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks) on May 31 and June 1; notes location of enemy (Union troops); comments on what they gained-- 200 prisoners, a commissary, tents and some artillery; describes prisoners, says that they are not better educated and certainly not more moral than southerners; tells of eating oranges and drinking good coffee obtained from the enemy; mentions death of a man in his mess from having his leg amputated; says that he is very thankful that he was spared from battle; thanks wife and family for all their prayers.","Has been transferred to Captain Bagby's company, Colonel Thomas Goode's Regiment Wises' Brigade; says he is now satisfied to be infantry because it is needed more and is happy to be out of the Chickahamoniy swamps; mentions that brother Dick's regiment is camped nearby and they have been able to see each other.","Explains family's nighttime prayers for his (NVM) safety; gives news of family members; describes her activities at their farm and general farming conditions; mentions a man from Clarksville who was visiting and buying provisions for the government.","Tells of much sickness in camp which he had luckily escaped; mentions improvements of new location, especially availability of good food; discusses the fact that his regiment probably won't fight soon due to their weakened condition and lack of training in infantry; expresses thankfulness again that his company was spared involvement in the recent battle in which there was much loss of life; acknowledges receipt of wife's letter and praises her support; sends his love to his family.","Tells of Doc's visit from Richmond, and thanks Nannie for the clothes and supplies she sent; repeats that it is impossible for him to get a furlough unless he becomes sick or obtains a substitute; gives a new address for his mail; exhorts her to write as often as possible, and to have faith that God's will will be done and will be good; acknowledges receipt of her letter and is sorry to hear that the negroes are sick with dysentery; gives instructions on the running of the farm; describes the helpfulness and attentiveness of woman and young girls with the sick in Richmond.","Describes in detail the health or sickness of various family members and friends; gives an acount of a recent battle (Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks)) which appeared in a letter from brother Dick (Richard W. Watkins).","Mentions that they have moved their camp a mile or so and are now on the James River; says that he likes his officers except for their profanity and that his new captain was generous in granting Johnny Booker a discharge and Abe suck leave; requests that she send Mr. Hayson some food to repay him for his kindness; mentions officers again and gives an unfavorable report, but does say that they are pious and allow the men religious freedom; states that things are run more efficiently with better food and medical care now that they have been fully reorganized; says that discipline is strict and duties light; feels that he is managing in the army better than he expected to; gives more instructions for the care of the farm.","Describes a night reconnaissance maneuver to observe the enemies activity on the river (James); says that he enjoyed the experience and getting out of camp; tells of dream he had while sleeping out in the clover which reminded him of home; asks Nannie to write him; inquires after the activities and work on his farm; gives instructions for work to be done on the farm; writes that he is well and describes condition, illnesses and wounds of others; wishes he could be at home; discusses possibility that sickness in camp is a result of lack of vegetables in their diet; tells of eating half-ripe cherries for which he would have shipped his negroes.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter for which he had been waiting for a long time; expresses concern for her health; exhorts her not to conceal her problems from him; mentions that he would prefer it if she would live at the farm if she is not too lonely as it would be better for the negores; expresses his growing disgust with army life, the injustices and officers failing in their duties to their men; says he is lucky to be removed from the main body of the army because he is able to get plenty of butter, chicken; gives prices of several food items; says he doesn't understand why there is so little fighting, while men wait ready and die of exposure; describes building of fortifications at Chaffin's Bluff; gives detailed instructions for the running of the farm; sends his love. Includes a postscript from June 27 with news of a friend.","Gives more news from camp; acknowledges receipt of her letter of June 19; sends his love to his family and negroes. Letter is virtually illegible; ink is extremely light.","Tells that his regiment avoided a great battle yesterday which occured 2-3 miles down the James River (one of Seven Days' Battles-- on June 30 June McClennon inflicted heavy losses on the Confederates while withdrawing across the Chickahominy River to a new base at Harrison's Landing on the James) because they were on pickett duty; mentions that there has been heavy fighting for the past week; hopes that they are demoralizing McClellan's army and that this will end the bloodshed; notes that he takes meals with overseer's family when he comes out on pickett; thanks God that he was spared; exhorts Nannie to have faith that all will be well; sends his love; gives news of some comrades.","States that he has returned to camp and received her letter; details the battle which raged from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. with a short intermission; notes that there is no definite word on the result, but he does not think they gained much; hopes that they will meet again soon.","States that enemy has been driven back and demoralized; says that losses have been estimated at not less than 10,000; writes that his regiment has not participated in any of the battles; describes a feeling of pain he has due to his separation from his family; wishes the North would realize the impossibility of conquering the South; describes strength of the position of fortifications at Chaffin's Bluff; requests news from home about their reaction to the battles and about the farm and family.","Expresses his weariness with the war and his desire to return home; states that he thought that furloughs would be possible after the battle (Seven Days' Battles) because McClellan's forces should no longer pose a threat; adds that McClellan's forces were not as devastated as he had first thought; discusses the slow mail service; writes that there were no religious services this Sunday; adds that there have been services off and on in the past, but nothing regular since they left Gloucester Point; states that there is a ditching party working this Sunday, but fortunately he has never been asked to work on the Sabbath; laments that they have been without a regular chaplain; feels that this would aid the men immeasureably; sees the army as a great missionary field; requests a pair of shoes and a box of blacking; sends his love.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter of June 19; notes that the difficulty with the mail must be near her; states how thankful and uplifted he was to receive such an ecouraging letter full of news from home; gives thanks that he and their friends have been spared from the battle and sickness; requests that Nannie answer his former questions about the farm; gives detailed instructions on things to be done on the farm; writes that they are now moving one mile to a nicer campsite; believes that McClellan's forces are stronger than the papers admit, but demoralized; tells how he and Doc (his friend) often exchange letters and talk about their wives which keeps their spirits up; sends love to family and friends.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter of July 3; thanks her for answering his questions; requests that she answer his remaining questions; writes that it is impossible for him to get a furlough at present because there are many sick in his company and regiment; states that eight men died in the last nine days; adds that most of their men have been absent from home much longer than he has; asks her to kiss the children for him.","Scope and Contents Discusses his application to Colonel Goode, through his Lieutenant for a furlough; states why it was denied; mentions that he will not despair yet; mentions that he is in very good health and that the new cause of sickness is fever; states that since he cannot come home she must bring the children to Richmond to see him; mentions that they do receive visitors at the camp. Including letter, July 13, 1862, writes of his Sunday spent on watch in the country; laments that he is cut off from all religious priviledges; thanks Nannie for sending so much news of home; hopes that their time will come soon to see each other. Enclosure: July 7, 1862. Pattie Watkins, at Mount Pleasant, Prince Edward County, Virginia, to her brother, Nathaniel V. Watkins. Details the sickness, care and death of their niece Mildred from diptherla; writes how much good it does both her and their mother to receive his letters; gives news of sickness, wounding and death of neighbors and friends.","Describes his conversation with Colonel Goode and aborted trip to Richmond in search of a furlough; writes that he has asked Mrs. Howlson to ask the Secretary of War about his case; mentions that after denying his furlough, Colonel Goode made a visit to Mecklenburg; believes that McClellan will make one more effort to take Richmond before giving up, either from the James RIver or from Fredricksburg, or attempt to cut off Petersburg; describes everyday camp life; feels that is a splendid gymnasium for young men and invalids. Includes letter, July 17, 1862, mentions another death from sickness; requests that his son, Charley, write to him; gives some instructions for the farm.","Letter almost completely illegible.","Describes another attempt to attain a furlough; requests that his wife look into finding a substitute for him as others have them; says he would be able to bear army life better if he could get home for a week every five months or so; tells of his activities in camp; states that the war in Virginia is quiet at this time.","Discusses his latest attempt to gain a furlough which was unsuccessful; again asks Nannie to seek a substitute for him and also ask her father's advice on the subject; complains about being kept in camp when they are doing so little, only drilling and ditching; states that they have meat about once a week, otherwise they mostly eat bread. Including letter, July 26, 1862, telling of the hot weather; states that the Yankees must be suffering more from it; writes that General Wise would not let them ditch during the worst of it. Letter is unfinished.","Acknowledges receipt of three letters from Nannie in six days; thanks her and reminds her how much they encourage and help him; tells of the captain's brother who has been spending a great deal of time at their camp both preaching and handing out tracks (tracts); describes the rotation of guard duty; writes of attempts to start a Bible study and prayers at night in the tents, but adds that there are too many interruptions to make this possible; describes Sunday's dinner. 3 pp. AL. Including ALS, [July 28, 1862], adding that he would give anything to see his family, but that a furlough, even if a substitute is provided, is out of the question at present; writes that he likes the idea of Nannie coming to Richmond and bringing the children, as he might be able to meet her there for a day.","Writes that her letters bring him much joy and that his happiness depends on her; adds that he would love to see Minnie (his daughter) as she learns to walk and talk; states thay he would still rather see his wife than anyone else. Including letter, July 30, 1862, discussing his lack of ability to concentrate due to the crowds of men who often engage in profane talk even though he is in one of the most moral companies; describes being interrupted by the field artillery Wise's Brigade which were practicing nearby; tells her about artillery and how the guns work; adds that he is glad she is not home alone.","Writes that he keeps all her letters and often re-reads them when he doesn't get new ones; describes the say as rainy; adds that his tent is often crowded and he is growing to hate crowds; discuss the arrival of some good food; asks Nannie to send him a box of fruit and vegetables from home to Richmond through a friend there; tells the prices of food stuffs which he feels are high; notes that due to presence of a large army in the area it is difficult to obtain food stuffs; Instructs Nannie on what to do with his flock of sheep on their farm. Including letter, August 1, 1862, reporting that he was awakened the previous evening by gunfire down the river and sending his love to his family.","Acknowledges receipt of Nannie's letter and is glad because she thought that perhaps Nannie or Nathaniel were sick; discusses sickness of their brother, Dicks, also a soldier and illnesses of friends, neighbors, and relatives; describes their new Methodist preacher; states that she likes their refugees very much; discusses crops; sends her love.","Scope and Contents Relates his growing disatisfaction with life as a soldier, the profanity around him and their idleness during the day; writes that he feels like a dying man who must fight in order to keep from smothering. Including letter, August 4, 1862, mentions again the captain's brother who has his headquarters at their camps and distributes tracks to soldiers; again asks Nannie to send him a box with fresh food which is not available in camp; hopes that Aunt Mary will do as his wife has done and entrust the care of \"her boysamp; to the heavenly Father; writes about the Sunday sermon; wishes she could have heard it; asks Nannie to encourage preacher to divide time between their camp and another; says that it would do the men good because although most of the privates and some officers are Christians, the regimental officers are profane and godless men; sends his love.","Writes regarding the condition of Henry who is sick; feels that he should stay in camp until he is well enough to travel; gives news of Daniel Booker who is on sick leave from the regiment; states that his is recovering nicely; discusses the prices and condition of crops in the area; mentions his visit to Nancy (Nathaniel's wife) and children; gives his regards to Dock and Sam.","Acknowledges receipt of several letters; writes that he is on picket to stop soldiers from stealing fowl; describes activities of regiment; likes peacefulness of forest; wishes Nannie could be with him; discusses again whether it is right to get a substitute; says he does not regret joining the Army and that every man should do his part; states that he is happy with his company; desires only to do his duty and then come home not to win military fame; writes of his new found love and appreciation for his wife; wishes he could be with her. Including letter, August 8, 1862, describing Boulware's farm. (Incomplete.)","Scope and Contents Notes that they have been living better due to some reinforcements from King and Queen County; discusses Nannie's moving to live with her father. Including letter, August 10, 1862, discussing the receipt and distribution of the boxes of fresh fruit and vegetables which Nannie had sent; mentions the Sunday sermon; speaks of a rumor he'd heard that said he had been discharged from the Army. Including letter, Nathaniel V. Watkins, at Camp Chafin's Farm, to his son Charley Watkins, August 9, 1862, describing his life around camp and asking Charley to be a good boy and learn to read and write.","States that he will only be able write short notes for a few weeks as he will be occupied as recorder for court marshall proceedings with General Evans as president of the court; writes that here had been considerable movements of troops in all directions, but he has not yet heard what it means; describes the passing through of about 140 Yankee officers on their way to be exchanged; sends his love.","States that she thought he had been sick or transferred to Jackson; writes that she is relieved he has not been; states her gratfefulness for his letters which are so full of love and encouragement; gives news from home, especially of children's activities; mentions that she will attempt to persuade Mr. Hines to go to her husband's camp as a regular preacher; agrees that the Army is a good opportunity to do good; says that the negroes would like to have been at the sermon and meeting he mentioned in his last letter; states that she is happy that he is where he is; believes it is Providence and that all is in God's hands.","Writes about how it seems that everyone has gotten home except he; feels that this separation has caused them to recognize and appreciate their love; states that the court marshall is not keeping him as busy as he had anticipated; mentions possibility of Nannie meeting him in Richmond. Including letter, August 15, 1862, describing a good dinner he had the evening before; requesting Nannie to send stewed tomatoes; adding that his regiment is the only one to be doing detached work, the others have all been sent to Jackson; writes that the enemy soldiers are of the lowest classes and that they cannot possibly know the devastation of war which has all been fought on southern soil; wishes for peace now; inquires about his crops.","Discusses court marshall cases which are keeping him busy; writes of box full of food which sis[ter] Sue sent; believes that his battalion is being kept by the river for defensive purposes; writes that their separation is becoming harder to bear, notes that he has not been home because he has been blessed with health; believes that they will remain stationary for at least a month otherwise all the court marshalls would not be being held.","Discusses the progression of the war; mentions that a North Carolina Brigade (Martin's) is on opposite side of the river; feels that Yankees are waiting for reinforcements before they strike; notes that their numbers are increasing too, but he is not sure where they are coming from; says that he has been feeling a but sick, but it is nothing serious; requests some items he will be needing for the winter; company is again feeling up to par; wishes he could be home for the coming winter.","Very pleased to have acquired a new tent, which sleeps four comfortably; remarks how well a soldier sleeps; acknowledges receiving her letter of August 14, 1862; this is a lonesome and empty year for him; Doc (?) has been offered the appointment to Lt. General of the 25th North Carolina regiment, but has not accepted yet; rest of army has moved to other side of river, and their regiment is the last remaining area; Yankee troops have given up the fight for Richmond from below; McClellan has moved his base; says that he is feeling much better since he wrote last; acknowledges receiving letters from Daniel (?) and Mr. Booker (?), who speak of despair in the country; does not yet know when a furlough will be offered to him, but he receives one day in winter; remembers fondly days of abusing the Yankees; sends his love.","Acknowledges receiving her letter of August 27, 1862; glad to have heard from Martha (?); Doc (?) did accept his newly assigned post and is now in Richmond; begs his wife to tell him if troubles arise at home; concerned with their runaway slave Tommy; gives some suggestions for the upcoming harvest; her Pa (?) might consider getting more help, because the negroes \"for their own sakes\" should not be left alone; has received a two day pass and will be going to Richmond to get away from camp; wishes he could break the blockade and go home; asks if his wife and children might come to Richmond; thinks it would be best to sell crops for cash to the neighbors; no war news to report; sends his love.","Happy to hear he has received the box of vegetables so soon; their borther Dick visited but was not looking well; Dick did get several new recruits among the prisoners; illness has struck hard amny of their friends and cousins, but their neighborhood and immediate family are fairing well; have had some severe rains which have damaged Mr. Redd's (?) tobacco crop, but the corn crop is excellent; fruit is scarce, partly due to a drought; Horace Booker (?) was involved in the Battle of Cedar River, and took General Prince.","Speaks of the children Charley and Minnie and how they are handling the situation; fears Minnie may forget him; hopes the war does not continue though Lincoln's administration as some tell her; she misses him and sends her love. Including letter from Charley Watkins, to his father, Nathaniel V. Watkins, is having a good time at his grandpa's but misses his father.","Concerned with certain aspects of the war; relays news of family and friends; gives details of crop situations.","Relays news and health of family and friends; news of the battles of Manassas and Warrenton Springs have reached the family; gives details of crop situations.","Describes his camp life and the wildlife surrounding the camp.","Concerned with his continued denial of a furlough; troubles with the mail service are arising; advises his wife on farm matters and especially on crops of tobacco and wheat; problems concerning his slaves and their runaway slave Tommy are mentioned; also discusses using negroes in camp; describes his abundance of free time in camp; his court work continues; descriptions of the camp, camp members, and surrounding area are made; camp provisions are discussed, such as various clothing and food stuffs; many religous functions are taking place in the camp; mentions battles and fighting around Williamsburg, Manassas, Harper's Ferry, and Washington; mentions uprisings in both Kentucky and Missouri; prisoner exchanges are taking place; believes peace is coming soon.","Fears spread of diptheria, scarlet fever, and measles; conveys news of family and friends; news that corn and tobacco crops are doing well; detailed descriptions of making cloth and dyeing are given.","Concerning a request for a furlough.","Chances for a furlough are becoming slim; sickness, namely remittent fever has hit the camp as well as himself; camp life such as new housing, company provisions, and numbers of news arrivals is discussed; mentions that provisions such as warm clothing are needed from home; concerned with the sale of his slave Tommy; news of the war is increasingly discouraging; details of a new exemption bill are discussed; resuming his work with the court; advises his wife on crops of tobacco and wheat as well as their orchard of apples and peaches; pros and cons of using a substitue are given.","Has sent him the provisions he requested; suggests he should transfer to the Prince Edward cavalry, under the command of General J. E. S. Stewart (Stuart); relays family news.","Attempts boosting his morale and advises him on his problems with getting a furlough; fears that the Yankees will attempt cutting off Richmond from the rest of the South; suggests he not purchase any more slaves and instead should invest in land which is more valuable; slaves as a property are uncertain; relays family news, health of negroes and children.","Relays family news; mentions Brother Dick's opinion of General \"J. E. B.\" Stewart (Stuart) and his raids into Pennsylvania; sickness is hitting friends and family hard; there is a spirit of marrying about; prices for tobacco are high; there is a real need for salt.","Sees no signs of war ending any time soon, and in fact, the North seems even more united; news concerning his negroes is discussed in detail; obtaining a substitute does not look possible at the present time; their new housing has been completed; they are starting up a literacy club to pass time; the weather is getting worse; discusses his limited company duties; describes the court in which he works, speaks of slave use in camp and at the court; relays news of friends in his company; religious events which occur in camp are explained; has been quite depressed; glad to hear of his wife's growing independence; worried about hs mounting debt; gives farm advice; asks for certain provisions from home; frustrated with his continued denial of a furlough; troubles with the mail continue; tells of the blockading of the James River by using both \"sharp-shooters\" and submarine batteries; discusses the extensive ditches and breastworks surrounding Richmond; wishes to sell 300-350 of his 1200 acres; there is no news concerning military battles; mentions the Charlotte cavalry.","Is very concerned with the fact that his wife has been ill; seeks his wife's advice in many matters; while there is an abundance of clothing, the scarcity of shoes is an extreme problem; unless he receives a furlough, is determined to leave the service; continued improvments in camp are carried out; is quite critical of certain commanders; describes religious activites in camp; relays news of his tobacco crop and its going rate; still eager to sell some of his land and pay off his debt; gives details concerning their literary club; discusses, in detail, their execution of firing drills; mentions the Seven Pines; is coping with the bad weather rather well, unlike the negroes in camp; complains about provisions of beef, pork, and lack of butter and sugar; postage is getting high; frequent resignations of generals are taking place; Pickett's division is moving from Richmond to Charleston, South Carolina; signs of peace are becoming more apparent; there are wide-spread rumors of disaffection in the Northwest; gives advice concerning farm and crop trip are given; refers to his stopping at the Wolf Trap depot; (?) in his part of the army; refers to the Southern Literacy Messenger and claims it is a very good paper; Yankees have crossed at Fredricksburg, Virginia and there is a threatened advance being made by Burnside [?]; troops in Richmond and Petersburg are being moved to aid Gen[eral] Lee; there is also action taking place on the James River.","Asks advice on certain family matters; relays family news; dyptheria is becoming quite common among children; tells of troubles with certain negroes as well as the use of negroes in fortifying Weldon; relays facts of a neighbor's will, including provisions for his children and negroes.","Relays news of brother Dick and his fellow soldiers running the blockade for cheaper provisions; updates her on family news; both the weather and roads are poor; refers to the Prince Edward cavalry and the Lee Guards; the weather is contributing to an increase in poor health.","Relays news of their mother's illness as well as other family matters; the poor weather is contributing to an increase in illnesses; refers to the Prince Edward troop and Lee Guards.","Fears his children will forget him; writes of the camp surroundings and the \"big guns;\" wishes his son to learn his letters; has sketched a rough picture of a sickly dog they named Yankee.","Concerning his activities at home.","Is delighted to hear that his wife's health is improving; his chances for a furlough are increasing with the new lottery system; gives details of their shrinking Bible classes and prayer meetings in camp; artillery work is being done around camp; the weather continues to cause problems, especially to their new housing; gives details of the camp's winter provisions; relays stories of his times on guard duty; the size of their company continues to grow; comments on the lack of gentleman remaining in the camp; makes other judgements of camp companies; there is little going on, in and around camp; the mood in camp seems to be low; his health is generally good; gives advice to his wife concerning the next season's crops as well as possible land sale; is attempting to acquire a little negro to care for his wife while she is recovering; their daughter Minnie has also apparently been ill; recommends his wife acquire the Southern Literacy; is unhappy to learn that some of his negroes have been drafted to work on fortifying Weldon; a land dispute has erupted at home which he believes his wife can handle; Southern women will have to accept more responsibility when the war is over; prospects for peace are brightening, possibly by late spring or summer; it is believed also that Lee's army is in better health and spirits than it has ever been; there is a good deal of movement occurring with the Confederate troops; gives details of numerous army and especially naval victories for the South; the union army is rumored to lose 300,000 men by May 1, due to the end of their terms; there is also unrest growing in the northwest and Kentucky, due in part to the raising of black troops; the enemy has also given up on the idea of taking Richmond by way of Fredricksburg. 8 items, ALsS; 2 items, ALs.","Is worried about the late snow, which is proving harmful to their livestock and planting; whooping cough is running rampant among the negores; and they are beginning to get ill as well; relays family news; understands brother Nathaniel V. Watkins has bought a furlough; gives account of brother Dick's (?) charge of a regiment of Yankees; has heard news of friends in the north; refers to the gratifying tobacco prices in the region.","Comments on making it through the extremely harsh and wet winter, which has put off planting; understands he has received a furlough; they are having problems with the spread of whooping cough.","Gives a detailed account of brother Dick and his brigade's attack on a Yankee party; this attack was under the command of a General Fitz Lee; refers to a battle at Kelly's Ford, where the Confederate troops did not fare so well; relays news of family and friends, including those who have been wounded and killed; refers to charges made by the Prince Edward Cavalry, and the reactions made by General Jeb Stuart; the family is suffering with colds and the whooping cough; the children, especially the negro children, are suffering the greatest.","Is upset that he has not received a letter from her as of late; fears the problem lies with the postal service; bustle and confusion are present in his quarters; changes with leadership are occurring in camp; the Confederate army is in desperate need of naval officers; has been in the service for a year now and is growing quite tired of army life; desperately wishes war would end; relays news of certain camp members; gives details of recently received packages from Richmond; receives a furlough for the 16th of March; health continues to be well; states that recruiting is a suitable way for officers to receive long furloughs; there are few men left to recruit, due to the new Conscript Act; weather improves but then grows worse again; no fighting is expected in the area; there is a growing tiredness of war, yet pride keeps the soldiers loyal; relays details of his return to camp; have been given permission to cultivate their own gardens; his faith in God is growing stonger; asks for provisions from home; as well as news concerning his farm; is growing quite worried over the spread of diptheria among children; provisions in camp are becoming scarce; gives his wife some farm advice.","Due to the weather, the camp, especially the roads, need work; has cut down on his chewing of tobacco at his wife's request; provisions in camp continue to worsen; he refuses to eat any of the meat supplied to the camp; due to the weather and condition of the roads, there is little movement among the armies; have kept the enemy in check during the winter; the cases of diptheria have begun to lessen, and he hopes his family is doing well; planting in the surrounding area has begun.","Regretfully informs him of the death of their son Charley R. Watkins.","Relays news of health of family and friends; is concerned about Nannie V. Watkins and her health; the children there are finally getting over the whooping cough, but now suffer with cases of chicken pox and scarlet fever; the planting of their crops has begun; gives details of a cavalry unit from South Carolina which was stationed near their home; speaks, in detail, of a southern sympathizer in Baltimore.","Was sorry to learn of the death of his son Charley R. Watkins, but is happy to hear that his daughter Minnie H. Watkins was feeling better; gives details of how Nannie V. Watkins is reacting to Charley's death; is grateful that God has spared his own family.","Was very sorry to hear of Charley R. Watkins's death; the children there have nearly recovered from the whooping cough.","Informs him that their orders to evacuate the bluff have been cancelled; expresses his regrets at Charley R. Watkins's death; wishes him well and hopes he enjoys his stay at home.","Attempts desperately to console him; knows how he feels, because her child Lilie (?) also has passed away; hopes the area's health will improve with the coming of warmer weather.","Was shocked and upset to learn of his son Charley R. Watkins's death; attempts comforting Nathaniel; writes of his service in the cavalry and the state of the Confederate troops; states what a great negative effect the death of General \"Stonewall\" Jackson has had on the army; gives details of General \"J. E. B.\" Stuart and his attempts to raise a large cavalry force, including his own, the Hampton brigade, and Fitz Lee's brigade; writes of the difficulties in acquiring newspapers; it has been rumored that Lincoln has called out an additional 500,000 troops; refers to his service on a board which examines and condemns horses which are unfit for service.","Insists that Nannie come and stay with her; relays news of the family; the children there are getting well again; writes of the religious services held in the area; the crops in the area are suffering from a lack of rain; it's been very cool and dry; it seems to be more difficult acquiring furloughs; is having trouble getting summer cloth woven in time.","Hopes Nannie V. Watkins will come for a visits and that he will be able to join her; a hailstorm has damaged the wheat and watermelon crops; the corn crops are doing well; the health of the family is generally good; states that she will be sending him provisions.","Scope and Contents Wishes to visit her sister-in-law Pattie Watkins but thinks it wise to wait until late July or August, when they should be over the whooping cough; their daughter Minnie H. Watkins had again taken ill but has fully recovered; have commenced cutting wheat but the rain is slowing them down; the crops of corn and pumpkin are doing well; refers to soldiers running the blockade and confiscating Yankee provisions; relays news of family and friends; the neighborhood id getting healthy again; deeply mourns the death of their son, Charley R. Watkins; gives details of church services held in the area; states how much his family, the Smileys (his overseer), and his negroes love and miss him; refers to her boarding of Confederate soldiers; has had a problem with one of the negroes burning down his house; is ashamed of the luxury in which she lives compared to the hardships soldiers must face; assumes he is keeping up with his Bible class; expresses her dislike for the \"drinking and profane officers;\" mentions the task of exchanging their wool for cotton; Smiley (their overseer) has been possibly ordered into service, and Nannie will have to watch over the farm; will send him the shoes he needed; has heard that the war effort is going well; Grant is weakening in the west and Lee is in control of the east; is hopeful about their success at Vicksburg and their holding of Fredericksburg; refers to the tyranny of the Yankee troops and the actions taken against the Southern civilians; expresses doubt concerning the actions of West Tennessee; God will see the South through the war and deliver them the victory; the prospects for peace are very bright.","Gives details of his return to camp following his short furlough; travelled with 500 Yankee prisoners which were to be exchanged; refers to the Yankee raids in VIrginia; his duties in camp have increased; the victory at Fredricksburg was both a boost and damaging to the Confederate troops, due to the death of \"Old Stonewall\" discusses his chances of acquiring another furlough; refers to the dependent condition of their negroes; all the men in camp are in fine spirits; wishes to invest his money in Confederate bonds; is interested in the movement of Pickett's division; poor provisions are being offered to many companies; believes war will end by late summer; writes about various camp members and friends; fears there may be another battle at or near Fredricksburg soon; General Robert E. Lee is increasing his cavalry forces; refers to the numerous Confederate victories; relays the experiences of a Confederate prisoner's stay in a Yankee camp; it is rumored that Yankee's are holding 7,000 negroes on Canary Island; states the Quarter Master is quite inefficient; refers to a Congressional Act concerning provisions for paying off debts; in anxious to hear of matters concerning his farm and crops; fears for the wheat crops in the South; wishes his wife to visit his sisters in Prince Edward County, Virginia; misses his son, Charley R. Watkins, very much; needs provisions from home.","Scope and Contents Relays family news; gives her reactions to the fall of Vicksburg; refers to the wet and warm weather which kept them from working on the crops; due to the rainy weather, the rivers are impassable; gives details of a company of soldiers and their stay overnight; one of the neighbor's negro woman has run off; have commenced weaving their cotton; are experiencing little ailments, but are generally in good health; wishes he would visit. Including letter from Millie Watkins, to her brother, Nathaniel V. Watkins. Is a little under-the-weather but will write soon and wishes him to do the same.","There was a massive transport of Confederate troops to Richmond, due to a new Yankee advancement on the capital; refers to a Yankee attack of a bridge over the Southhanna River; does not speak well of the general in charge at Richmond; fears Richmond may be taken; states that Southerners are much too secure in their thoughts and actions; is hopeful now that Robert E. Lee has entered Pennslyvania; gives details of a North Carolina cavalry unit's stay at their farm; Robert E. Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania is believed to be going well; papers of both the North and South are writing in terms of peace; men returning home for horses are not finding this task easy; has learned that Vicksburg has fallen; there South must put their faith in God and assume He will make the right decision; is disgusted with those who feel the South will lose; is relieved to hear that Lee has recrossed the Potomac; the Southern people are growing tired of the war; it is rumored that Yankees are advancing on Weldon; refers to President Jefferson Davis' proclamation calling for another day of fasting and prayer; frequent raids are being made by the Yankees; fears defeat; the extreme amounts of rain are causing problems with the crops; gives details of the neighbors; often refers to her dead son Charley R. Watkins and their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; relays news of their family and friends, as well as the ailments afflicting them; have begun hiving bees; gives news of church matters; conveys news of the livestock; mentions the scores of family and friends killed, wounded or taken prisoner at the Battle of Gettysburg; rivers have become impassable; there are many cases of theft occurring; gives details of her visit home to Brookland [?]; refers to the work being done by the negroes; a survey and sale of a parcel of his land has taken place; refers to the cruel treatment exercised on a neighbor's negro.","Relays details of a visit by relatives; recent deaths and illnesses affecting friends and family are discussed; facts concerning the schooling in the area are given; refers to the numerous soldiers killed in \"the Battle\" (of Gettysburg); relays church news; mentions that state of their vegetable gardens; hopes he is over his chills.","Is quite worried about the sickness prevailing within her family; distemper; has killed a great number of their cows and oxen; their crops are suffering as much as she assumes they are in North Carolina; refers to the neighbors aiding them with their recent problems; relays news of visits by family and friends.","Ransom (?) has driven the Yankees from Weldon (?); is becoming increasingly impatient for the end of the war; they have heard gunfire nearby; the war effort is not going well; refers to a gunboat battle on the James River; recounts again how many of their friends were killed in the Battle of Gettysburg; hopes for an exchange for those soldiers who were taken prisoner; believes the South must once again renew their faith in God if the war is to be won; refers to the upcoming \"fast day\" and hopes it will be faithfully observed; is quite worried about her husband and \"the chills\" which he has been experiencing; mentions frequently the number of friends who are coming down with dysentery, diptheria, and typhoid fever; gives a detailed account of recent deaths; recent church news is given; the schooling of the local children has once again commenced; gives a detailed account of the progress in their crops of wheat, corn, tobacco, and oats; there is a shortage in their stock of sheep as well, due to the stealing of the sheep by runaway negroes; often mentions their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; is considering visiting family in Prince Edward County, Virginia; refers to the necessity of weaving their own cloth; mentions the increasing number of robberies in the area including the illegal entry into their own home; is delighted to learn that furloughs are again being issued.","Receives news of Nathaniel's hopes for a furlough or substitution; makes many references to their children; relays family, church and neighborhood news; sickness in the area continues, and the negroes are being hit hard; discusses schooling in the area; news of the crops is minimal; refers to troop movement and Nathaniel's move to Charleston, South Carolina; is angered at those young men escpaing military duty; mentions artillery fire in the area; refers to the \"sharp-shooters\" in Charleston; Beauregard (?) will save Charleston; states that \"our officers are strict;\" refers to the duties of her husband is performing; is quite worried about Nathaniel's health; refers to her chores at home; mentions a neighbor's trip to Petersburg and the Natural Bridge; the well-being of their negroes is discussed, as well as the trouble some negroes are causing; relays news of theft in the area; believes the war effort is still going well; reminds Nathaniel to avoid the temptation of alcohol.","Relays church news; refers to the well-being of friends and neighbors; home chores and laboring on the crops continues; mentions their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; refers to the emptiness of many local stores; schooling of the children continues; gives details of the trading being done at the \"Fork\" a local election is taking place; stealing is occuring by the female negroes; updates on their negroes are made; is having problems finding someone to manage the farm another year; refers to revivals taking place in the army; lectures her husband on attending his Bible class and on the evils of drinking; discusses Nathaniel's hopes of getting a furlough or substitute; relays news of General Beauregard's efforts at saving Charleston; fear of a \"great battle\" in Tennessee is growing; mentions a fight at Chattanooga (?); is pleased to learn Nathaniel has accepted a higher and less taxing position; is worried that he has sent to Jones' Island, \"the most dangerous place around Charleston.\"","Gives details of Richmond's and Petersburg's attempt to feed General Robert E. Lee's troops at Christmas; relays news of his condition to camp; is worried about the fact that their caretaker has been sent into the army; the number of furloughs granted has increased; is sorry to hear of the unrest in the neighborhoods; refers to the desertions being made to the enemy; there is a real need for more horses; asks for many provisions; the army appears to be still optimistic; gives instructions concerning his crops; refers to the intense fighting going on around him at Chaffin's Farm and Welson.","Refers to the fail of Atlanta; comments on recent Yankee advancements; the chase between Early (?) and Sheridan (?) is ongoing in his area; contemplates and reflects on the times they live in; wonders about the success of \"Old Bob\" (Robert E. Lee) and his tactics of war; refers to the plundering done by Yankees; the cost of a calvary are proving to be too much.","Is continuing his religious committment in camp; frequently comments on his hopes for a furlough or Nannie visiting; camp life is often discussed; advises Nannie on what to do with his crops and other farm matters; refers to the fail of Atlanta, Georgia, Savannah, Georgia, and possibly Petersburg, Virginia; spirits are still high and the number of desertations have lessened; is upset over the greed and corruptness spreading throughout the southern people and officers; negroe sales are becoming difficult; believes negroes should be fighting along with Confederate soldiers; flood damage is affecting travel; refers to talks and fears of Reconstruction and emancipation; a delay in payment is hurting the Confederate army; sharp-shooters are mentioned frequently; Richmond may have to be evacuated; feels the war will end soon; discusses weaknesses of the South; provisions are needed; rumors of an armistice are surfacing; feels President Lincoln is reloading his army; refers to General Wise and his hopeful speeches; the local railroads may be taken; gives advice on how to properly raise their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; fighting has increased in area; mentions an exchange of prisoners; refers to the strengths of the armies; news has spread of General Sherman and his march through the South; gives a description of General Robert E. Lee and his command.","Is frequently updated on family news; wishes his wife to visit him; due to the recent epidemic of measles, is worried about his daughter Minnie H. Watkins; feels the Southern people are not doing enough for the cause; is quite hurt by the conduct of his negroes at home; gives advice on his crops; asks for provisions; is worried over the disappearance of his negroes; the overuse of trains has slowed the mail; soldiers remaine determined; desertions have ceased; Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia, have artially have been evacuated; restraints have been placed on the press; worries about General Sherman are rising; relays news of religion in camp; rains are damaging the roads and is restricting the movement of troops; mentions a victory at Kinston (?); refers to North Carolina Governor Vance's appeal for provisions for General Lee's army; gives news of shelling incident in camp.","Relays news of his move from Petersburg, Virginia; refers to Early's (?) disasterous campaign in western Virginia; gives a description of camp life; there are a number of surrounding forces; sharp-shooters are constantly at work; gives farm advice.","Many railroads have been seized by the enemy; rumors are spreading of Yankees around Richmond, Virginia; it is rumored that General Sherman has been defeated; Confederate troops are hopeful; relays news of his regiment and their fighting; hopes to raise a negro regiment are rising; religious news in camp is discussed; relays news of his time of the picket line; heavy fighting continues around Petersburg, Virginia; refers to General Robert E. Lee's fight with General Sherman; the southern people put much faith in General Lee; intense shelling of cities are occuring; troops are encouraged by victory at Petersburg, Virginia.","Relays news of family visits; refers to health conditions; the Prince Edward County, Virginia cavalry is on display; gives update on crop conditions; insists that Nathaniel takes care of his tobacco; relays news of the commotion being caused by the freed negroes; are having many problems with the Yankees; likes President Andrew Jackson better than President Abraham Lincoln; Johnson understands the negro.","Relays farm news; health problems are prevalent in the family; children's progress in school is continuing; refers to religious event taking place; bankruptcies are spreading.","Is worried and anxious to hear from her family since the war has ended; relays news of sickness in the family; gives miscellaneous family news; life after war is rough; salaries are smaller and prices are higher; puts her faith in God.","Refers to problems Nathaniel is having with increasing debts; tells Nathaniel to put his faith in God; he is doing much better; has formed a Conservative Party in hopes of defeating the new Constitution of the Radicals; relays farm news.","Discusses his move to Farmville and 212 acre plantation he has acquired; matters are going well; refers to Nathaniel's debt problem and the sale of his land; invites Nathaniel and his family to live with him; complains of the cough and cold he has had since the war.","Mentions a compromise made with his creditors; the exchange of land, livestock, and money are involved; is taking advantage of the Bankruptcy Act; his family is sick with colds; prefers staying at his own home rather than moving in with Richard; hopes to open a little school and take in boarders.","Things are going well; gives news of family and friends; relays church news; is concerned about her garden and fowls; mentions how their daughter Minnie and Nannie are doing.","Relays news of his crops and her garden; refers to sicknesses in the neighborhood; updates her on the family and neighborhood news; mentions his involvement in the church; is having a problem with debts; drought conditions and later heavy rains damage his crops; refers to his tenant farmers and their inadequate work compared to slave hands; blames negroes and Yankees for the hard times; there is a lack of both old and new scholars; is unhappy to be separated from his wife and children; refers to the condition of his livestock; gives advice on the raising of their children; is busy organizing church records of membership.","Encourages Nathaniel to keep his land soley owned and not to go into partnership; mentions the numerous problems in the area all stemming from sickness and the Yankees; advises Nathaniel on his debt problems; they must all put their faith in God; death is running rampant through areas of Virginia; his own child had died; refers to the effects of the death of General Robert E. Lee; the search for wealth is overshadowing the need for character; mentions his dislike for the new state Constitution; gives crop news; discussses the many problems with finding labor; relays family news.","Refers to numerous family matters and chores; mentions the quiet Christmas they spent; discusses the health of the family; since negroes are moving further south, laborers are scarce; there is a shortage of ice; gives news of schooling in the area; the mild winter was appreciated.","Refers to the religious revivial in the area; comments on Nathaniel's debt problems; relays family news; drought conditions continue; their sisters are not well and have gone to certain springs to recover; mentions the celebration of their mother's 81st brithday; discusses their garden and livestock; relays crops news; there are a great many deaths around Farmville and Richmond, Virginia.","Is spending time at the spring to recover from her spell of pneumonia; she has also developed breast cancer but hopes the water will cure it; pleads with Nathaniel to watch over their mother.","Reports a death in the family; diptheria is taking its toll on the neighborhood; her health is improving; relays family news; mentions the status of their crops and livestock.","Refers to Nathaniel's school and thanks him for admitting Eddie (?); relays family news.","They are having trouble filling seats of administration in Formsville; carpet baggers and scalawags are only ones avaliable; gives his detailed advice on raising an orchard; relays crop news; the drought continues; his legal matters are not yet cleared up.","Was sorry to learn of the death of their child; instructs them to put their faith in God; is concerned with their sister Patty's recovery; relays church news.","Relays family news; mentions the chores keeping her busy at home; refers to the growth of Farmville, Virginia; congratulates him on the arrival of his new daughter; the weather has been bad; discusses Nathaniel and the teaching he's doing for her sons Eddie and Henry.","Is happy to hear of Nathaniel's good health; relays family news; mentions the growth of Farmville, Virginia; gives details on the schooling of the local children; there is a scarcity of laborers; refers to her chores at home; writes him a copy of a letter informing them of their sister's death; various members of the family are ridden with ailments.","Mentions the numerous chores her husband has recently given her; her health is suffering; relays news of their crops, garden and livestock; updates them on the family news; is upset that the family seldom sees each other.","Questions the progress made by his sons Eddie and Henry in at Nathaniel's boarding school; also inquires about the payment.","Discusses the health of the family; apparently Minnie's mother, Nannie V. Watkins, is accomodating a houseful of people; relays family news; is upset with the condition of her fowls.","Rainy weather is preventing planting; refers to the poor health of the children as well as other family members; relays news of family visits.","Gives details of her trip to visit her aunt and uncle, Nannie V. and Nathaniel V. Watkins; refers to Nathaniel's boarding school; relays crop news; Nathaniel feels he is extremely over-worked.","Updates her on the events at home; relays news of his tobacco crop; refers to the progress of his boarding school and other schooling in the area.","Nathaniel's continuous working is giving him health problems; they are living in extremely hard times; he must continue teaching due to the poor tobacco crops; relays miscellaneous farm news; gives details of event taking place at his club metting; mentions the difficulties in sending his daughter, Minnie H. Watkins to Farmville, Virginia, for schooling; his family is quite poor but happy; believes life for him is worse than life in Prince Edward County, Virginia; does not trust the corrupt railroads; gives advice on his daughter's studies.","Scope and Contents Describes, in detail, their little cousin Asa Watkins; relays family news and news of other children in the area.","Wishes she and her family would move back to Virginia and close to him; refers to the bad temperament of his son Asa; gives details on his garden; mentions how many beautiful children there are in his neighborhood.","Is sorry to hear of her mother's (Nannie V. Watkins) poor health; suggests more servants and family visits would help her; requests that Minnie come to school near him; is doing quite well due to good crops and good health; relays neighborhood and family news; despite the hard times they are keeping their spirits up in the area; mentions a meeting of the stockholders in the Richmond and Danville Railroad; hopes his son (Asa Watkins) will be a machinist as they are so desperately needed in the South.","Informs Nathaniel of the declining health and eventual death of their mother (?); recalls how blessed they were with good parents; refers to the many virtuous qualities held by their mother; refers to Nathaniel's offer to teach his children; relays the studies and future plans of his daughters; is sending his daughter to school in Lynchburg, Virginia, for music training; the hard times make it impossible to visit one another; the crops are poor in the surrounding country; gives family news; goes over financial matters with Nathaniel; mentions his numerous farm chores; prices are quite low for tobacco; refers to his mounting debts; the abundance of lawyers in Farmville, Virginia, is hurting his law business; refers to their quiet Christmas at home; is disgusted with the number of \"demagogues and negroes\" filling the legislature; fears Catholics will be next.","His financial problems continue; apparently, farther south, matters are a little better because speculation and development are higher; his farm is serving as an expense rather then a source of profit; must continue teaching to pay for farm expenses; refers to his recent nervous breakdown due to over-work; mentions the horrors of teaching; relays family news; although he would like to, he is too poor to relocate; refers to his crops of cotton, tobacco and molasses; mentions the upcoming railroad from Keysville (?) to Clarksville (?).","Is sorry to hear of Nathaniel's bad health; has been forced to give up his low profession and concentrate on his farming; mentions his poor health; refers to the troubles of their sister, Pattie Watkins Scott and the nursing of her husband (?); is now taking in boarders and is teaching; relays crop news; is getting poorer each year; refers to an attempt to form a Farmer's Club; deer hunting seems to be the last profitable venture in Virginia.","Gives details of the schooling and boarding of their children.","Relays family news; refers to their good cotton crop in the area.","Refers to her running the farm and matters of the household; is also maintaining a school in the house; mentions her declining appearance; has been forced to raise her step-son Emby (Scott) in a strange manner; gives details of her garden and livestock; is upset that she seldom sees her even closest family; refers to the declining health throughout the family.","Informs him of her father's (?) death.","Responds to Richard's request for a loan; refers to family illnesses; discusses her trip to Texas; apparently times in Texas are not as hard; also revisited Mobile and states its people are \"real Virginians.\"","Scope and Contents Thanks them for sending Emma Watkins to care for them while they are ill.","Refers to the loss of her daughter Lizzie and Nathaniel's son Charley R. Watkins; relays family news; mentions her family's religious practices; refers to the schooling of her children; times have been hard since the outbreak of the war; prices are higher and children are being forced to work; can no longer keep servants. Includes letter from Mary Ballantine, to her uncle, Nathaniel V. Watkins informing him of her sister Lizzie's death.","Wishes she could visit; relays family news; her health is improving.","Relays family news; are having a rough winter which is hurting their crop beds; refers to the schooling of their children; mentions the chores performed by the family.","Often mentions the prospect of Nathaneil's receiving a furlough; refers to a woman's chore of weaving at home; relays news of schooling going on; negroes are fortifying Raleigh, North Carolina; mentions her many chores at home; relays news of their crops and livestock; is relieved to learn that the Ironsides have been forced to leave the area of Charleston, South Carolina; relays family and neighborhood news; there apparently are a number of southern deserters; are having trouble with the theft of poultry in the area; refers to her Pa's effort to get him a substitute; believes the South is fighting God's war; fears Nathaniel will get too lazy; often refers to the progress of their children Charley R. Watkins and Minnie H. Watkins; is worried about Nathaniel's poor health; makes many references to their happy life before the war; is very upset at the number of men in the South escaping their military duty; is upset at the religious unrest in the South since the outbreak of war; relays news of sickness and death spreading throughout the neighborhood.","Encourages him to continue the study of his letters.","Relays family news both before and after the war; discusses money matters; relays news of their provisions in camp; refers to the South's greatest victory at Manassas, Virginia; although the Yankee army is rumored to be quite large, Nathaniel believes they are \"despirited and demoralized\" refers to success in Kentucky; makes references to General Robert E. Lee's expertise; believes an attack of Maryland, Ohio, and Pennsylvania is coming; refers to the North's destruction of Northern Virginia; puts his faith in God; relays news of his company's activities and camp life; is worried about the increased depreciation of Southern currency while prices of goods are still rising; they are suffering for supplies in Lee's army; relays religious news of the camp; gives advice on farm matters at home; mentions his long hours of picket duty; refers to the increased sickness of home.","Relays both good and bad news concerning crops in the area; discusses financial matters; wishes he could visit; refers to the problems of his livestock and negros eating away at his farm; relays news of his crops and livestock.","Refers to his son (Asa Watkins) and his numerous amusements; relays neighborhood news; is behind in his farm work; low tobacco prices add to the already hard times.","Refers to the increasing hard times they are living in; mentions the many demoralized Negroes; her children are frequently sick; sickness is prevalent throughout the South; relays family news; refers to the Southern hatred of Yankees.","Relays news of her caring for an ailing neighbor friends have also been wounded in battle; many horses are dying in battle; there has been an increase of sickness in area.","Scope and Contents An envelope for a weekly offering made by Nannie V. Watkins at Shiloh Presbyterian Church, two school compositions written by Minnie H. Watkins, an invoice of goods bought by Nathaniel V. Watkins, two news items reporting the death of Dr. Elisha Ballantine, a note written by a parent requesting prayer for their conversation, four items of miscellaneous verse and two unidentified fragments.","Including one written February 16, 1866, telling of \"poverty\" and \"straightened circumstances\" and one referring to the death of his mother, Mildred Morton Watkins.","Mentioning measles epidemic of 1858 which affected the health of 18 Negroes and his political views during the war. Also letter from Thomas W. Daniel, Monterey, Virginia, to his cousin, Nathaniel V. Watkins.","Washington College (Washington and Lee College), commenting on slavery and giving advice to his son at college. Also includes letter from Patty Watkins.","Other letters from his brother-in-law Elisha Ballantine, sisters Susan M. Watkins and Pattie Watkins.","Also letter from from Mildred S. Watkins to her granddaughter Minnie H. Watkins.","To his brother Nathaniel V. Watkins from Richmond, 1848, Prince Edward and Charlotte, 1848 and 1850, Philadelphia, 1854, and South Carolina, 1857; to his mother Mildred Morton Watkins from Cuba, 1858.","Includes letter from Nathaniel's mother (Mildred Morton Watkins).","Also letters from Mildred S. Watkins.","Sarah S. Skinner served as a governess in James B. Daniel's home in the 1850's, to Nannie (Daniel Watkin's) and from Martha H. Bliss, Shelburne, Vermont, to Nannie Daniel Watkins, Waterloo, North Carolina.","Including letter to Nancy Daniel Watkins from an old schoolmate about Sarah Skinner, a New England governess, letter from C. A. Watkins of Missouri to his cousin Richard Watkins, copy of will of Henry N. Watkins of Oldham, Prince Edward, copy of deed of five slaves to Nathaniel and Nannie Watkins by James B. Daniel, and letter from J. Morton to Richard Watkins.","Includes letters from Mildred R. Daniel, Lucy Jane Daniel, Charles Read Daniel, Martha E. Daniel, Jane E. Daniel, Patty Watkins, P. S. Daniel, Mollie O. Watkins and James N. Daniel. Also includes simplified genealogy.","Also letters from Nannie (Daniel) Watkins to father and mother.","Letter from ex-slaves who went to Tennessee with Mr. Barbes in 1875. Includes letters from Polly Graham (one of five slaves given to Nannie Watkins on her wedding day by her father James B. Daniel in 1859) and her daughters Martha and Sarah.","Includes a deed for slaves from Mildred S. Watkins, a receipt for the purchase of slaves from James B. Daniel and a receipt for the purchase of slaves from James B. Daniel and a receipt for the purchase of a female slave from G. A. Wilson.","Includes letter from Henry U. Watkins; Nathaniel Jackson; E. Ballantine; Benjamin S. Ewell; Michael DeVere, Edward H. Courtenay, Lawrence Smith (Professors at the University of Virginia); and Richard H. Watkins.","Special Collections Research Center","Ballentine family","Daniel family","Read family","Watkins family","Watkins, Nathaniel Venable","Ballantine, Elisha (Rev.)","Daniel, James B.","Read, Charles Lewis, 1794-1869","Sherrill, Nancy Read","Watkins, Richard H.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Nathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers, 1846/1889, bulk 1862/1865"],"collection_ssim":["Nathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers, 1846/1889, bulk 1862/1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 39.1 W32 and 2008.306","/repositories/2/resources/8397"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 39.1 W32 and 2008.306","/repositories/2/resources/8397"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia"],"places_ssim":["Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Watkins, Nathaniel Venable","Ballantine, Elisha (Rev.)","Daniel, James B.","Read, Charles Lewis, 1794-1869","Sherrill, Nancy Read","Watkins, Richard H."],"creator_ssim":["Watkins, Nathaniel Venable","Ballantine, Elisha (Rev.)","Daniel, James B.","Read, Charles Lewis, 1794-1869","Sherrill, Nancy Read","Watkins, Richard H."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Watkins, Nathaniel Venable","Ballantine, Elisha (Rev.)","Daniel, James B.","Read, Charles Lewis, 1794-1869","Sherrill, Nancy Read","Watkins, Richard H."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Ballentine family","Daniel family","Read family","Watkins family"],"creators_ssim":["Watkins, Nathaniel Venable","Ballantine, Elisha (Rev.)","Daniel, James B.","Read, Charles Lewis, 1794-1869","Sherrill, Nancy Read","Watkins, Richard H.","Special Collections Research Center","Ballentine family","Daniel family","Read family","Watkins family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials in this collection were donated to Special Collections in batches in 1942 and 1950 by various Watkins family members and friends of the Watkins family. Mss. Acc. 2008.306 was donated by W.B.C. Watkins of Laurel, Mississippi via Richard L. Morton."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 3rd","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 34th","Granville County (N.C.)--History--19th century","Peninsular Campaign, 1862","Prince Edward County (Va.)--History--19th century","Property tax","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)--Virginia","Slavery--Virginia--19th century","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 3rd","Confederate States of America. Army. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 34th","Granville County (N.C.)--History--19th century","Peninsular Campaign, 1862","Prince Edward County (Va.)--History--19th century","Property tax","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)--Virginia","Slavery--Virginia--19th century","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)"],"date_range_isim":[1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003ca href=\"http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Nathaniel%20Venable%20Watkins\"\u003e Nathaniel Venable Watkins \u003c/a\u003egt;  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Nathaniel Venable Watkins"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Nathaniel V. Watkins Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Beth Holmes (1989) and Derek Stepp (1990). Box and Folder List compiled by Kassia Halcli, SCRC staff, in October 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Beth Holmes (1989) and Derek Stepp (1990). Box and Folder List compiled by Kassia Halcli, SCRC staff, in October 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters, chiefly 1862-1865, written by Nathaniel Venable Watkins to his wife Nancy Daniel Watkins. During the Civil War, Watkins served with Co. H, 4th Virginia Heavy Artillery, which became part of the 34th Virginia Infantry Regiment. Watkins appeared to have saw little combat, spending much of his time in defensive positions guarding artillery batteries. His unit was stationed at Gloucester Point (during the Peninsular Campaign), near Richmond (Chaffin's Bluff) and near Petersburg. His letters concern camp life, religion among the soldiers, his work as a clerk for courts-martial; and he gave directions to his wife concerning the management of their farm in Granville, North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence of other members of the Watkins family of Prince Edward County, Virginia and of the Daniel family of Granville County, North Carolina. Some letters concern and are written by Richard H. Watkins who served in the Prince Edward Dragoons, 3rd Virginia Cavalry and who was a farmer in Prince Edward County, Virginia during Reconstruction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes letters concerning slavery before and during the Civil War as well as letters written from formerly enslaved persons. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Lewis Read is the father of Jane Eliza Read who married James B. Daniel. Their daughter, Nancy Venable Daniel, married Nathaniel Venable Watkins. Betsey Anne Ballentine was the sister of Nathaniel Venable Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddition 2008.308 contains material for the Read, Daniel, Ballentine and Watkins families. The donor organized the papers and this order has been maintained.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAsks cousin if he will act as agent for their joint property in Virginia; encloses ten dollars for taxes on this property; tells of wave of immigration to California and Oregon; inquires about prices of negro boys and girls in Virginia; states the price in Missouri; and says this it is too high there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTells of his arrival at the University, his course load and his lodgings, including his roommate, Mr. Tallaferro (?) of Tidewater; relates his impressions of the University and surrounding area; asks that his family write to him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes, rather disparingly, Christmas season in Prince Edward Court House; gives various items of family news; encourages Nathaniel to perservere in his studies at the University of Virginia; explains that Nathaniel has better future prospects than he does.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Tells of trains being occupied with troops heading toward Petersburg and for the Peninsula, therefore he may not be able to travel toward Petersburg or Richmond; reports rumor of fighting near Newport News, but states that no one known anything; hopes that God will bless his wife and children in this trial. Including letter from Nathaniel V. Watkins, Richmond, Virginia, to Nannie V. Watkins, Townesville, North Carolina, Sunday evening, including news of travel to Richmond and descriptions of his acquaintances. Note: Addressed in error to Townesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives description of his surroundings and plan for improving camp; talks of possibility of fighting soon on the Peninsula, Yorktown and of reinforcement of Fort Magruder; talks of the food available; describes the officers of his company; requests some items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes his activities, such as standing duty; talks of prayer meetings which are held in the tent of the Orderly Sergeant; states that most of the Officers are pious; writes of potential fighting on Peninsula; requests that his wife and children write him more often.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComplains that he has received no mail in a couple of weeks even though others receive it; talks of the fighting on the Peninsula and their role across the river in detail; mentions his feeling of indifference before battle; tells Nannie not to be alarmed by news in papers, but only to rely on word of those in his company; mentions his deep desire to see her and the children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses possibility that the mail is responsible for his lack of letters; exhorts Nannie not to believe rumors in papers; states that troop morale is good and reinforcements come; mentions that all ladies have been banned from their lines and that most men are well; hopes that all is well at home; tells Nannie how important she is to him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTalks mostly about how much he misses Nannie; mentions possibility of fighting in Gloucester Point; states that all men are well except Johny Booker (?) who is being sent to Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes in great detail activities and fighting on the Peninsula; mentions the Yankees' use of hot air balloon and sighting of two war steamers. Including, April 13, 1862, acknowledges letter from Nannie, narrates Sunday's activities including preaching, Bible study and prayer meetings; tells Nannie to have her father take control of their farm; asks negroes at home and sends his love; mentions General Joseph E. Johnston, the Peninsula fighting and alledged Confederate victories in the West.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites of his activities at home; asks father to visit him, says he is a good boy; illustrates letter with two small pictures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receiving his letters; asks for another letters soon; writes of visiting a sick friend; narrates several items of family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes his surroundings, the big (York) river and ships on the river; (does not mention the Peninsular campaign or his activities therein); asks Charley to watch out for his little sister, continue to learn, and to mind his ma and grandma. Illustrates bottom of letter with picture of a horse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives many details of everyday life; mentions that her mother is unwell; describes activities of two brothers also fighting in war; mentions a friend who might be converted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives detail of his activities over the past few days; mentions enemy shelling of Confederate troops on Peninsula on Sunday evening perhaps to lower morale; tells of exchange of fire with enemy steamers; discusses increase in his relgious feelings due to his current situation. Including, April 16, 1862, acknowledges receiving Nannie's letter; thanks her for expressing her support of him and of his cause; asks about things at home on their farm; sends his love to the negroes; expresses feeling that he will be home in six months.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Asks Nannie to excuse the manner in which he writes as he is often interrupted by boys talking to him; acknowledges receiving her letter; tells of great joy in camp because almost everyone received mail; states that mail is an incredible morale booster; asks Nannie to have her and her childrens' photograph taken for him; mentions that Gloucester Point was quiet, but that there was heavy fighting on the Peninsula; reports figures of those killed and wounded on both sides; says that Colonel McKinney of the 5th North Carolina (?) regiment killed in the fight; reports that their fortifications are twice as strong as when he arrived three weeks ago; mentions his view of Yorktown, York River and the Yankee Fleet; gives entire menu of the day's meals in detail. Including April 19, 1862, mentions large amount of reinforcements arriving from the Army of the Potomac and that General Ambrose Powell or Daniel Harvey (?) Hill is in Yorktown; tells of arrival of another first rate married man in his company; relates camp stories; says that all men are well and that he would be enjoying camp life like the others if he had not left so much behind.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll are well in camp except Daniel Booker who has the mumps; yesterday was a gloomy day for him, but that generally he feels as content and happy as others in the camp; asks for a bottle of ink and an ink stand; says that there is no news of interest because they do not know what is happening on the Peninsula; reports that he receives his Christian Observer regularly and enjoys it as it looks like home; describes a visit in Richmond as the cost of several purchases made there; comments on the cruelty of this war; asks for news of his children and negroes; explains decrease in their rations due to increase in army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll is quiet both in his camp and on the Peninsula; notes seeing many transports carrying Yankee soldiers on the river; asks for more news and details from home; mentions his lack of trust in newspaper reports; complains of constant noise, bustle and confusion; asks for more news from home; inquires about his negroes and exhorts them to keep everything straight; writes that he is sorry he didn't see them before he left; describes being shelled by Yankee steamers; mentions increase in religiousness of a friend.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses religious activities, such as Bible study and sermons, and mentions that several men have made confessions of faith; gives advice to Nannie on how to handle their separation, educate the children and states that they should be thankful for their fate which could be worse; states that Peninsula is still quiet, but that fighting must take place soon; the men are confident; says that Confederate lines are more strongly fortified than at Manassas and Centreville; army numbers eighty to a hundred thousand and is armed with enough amunition, cannons and artillery; mentions possibility of iron-clads; gives names of commaders-- General Joseph E. Johnston commands Army, General Hill the left wing resting on the York River, General James Longstreet the center, and General John Bankhead Magruder the right wing resting on the James River. Including letter dated April 28, 1862, exhorts Nannie to write longer letters and more frequently; gives detailed instructions for cultivation of his farm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes negative, poor morale of men after they heard news of New Orleans defeat; expresses disappointment at increasing amount of profanity among men and that this will not help their cause with God; tells of his visit to Yorktown and Captain Baskerville; states that men in Yorktown are in good spirits, but more exposed to the weather; writes of several religious activities; comments on the beliefs of his officers. Including letter, April 30, 1862, mentions that he could see the enemy when he visited York; states that tomorrow he will have been in the service for one month.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites that they were issued muskets for a forced march; reports that they began the march, but turned back and now remain in camp; does not know reason for march; assures her he will be fine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives details of their march from Gloucester Point; describes hospitality of people of King and Queen County as they passed through; says he does not know reason for leaving the Point; tells of several deserters; gives his love to his family and says they should all be grateful (incomplete).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Now in the Army of the Peninsula, the Grand Army; describes various activities such as listening to sermons, visiting acquaintances in surrounding camps, bathing, and drilling; says his company has been divided into two-- one half, including our boys, to be left artillery, the other armed with muskets; mentions 18th Virginia Company and 23rd North Carolina Company; describes sight of six or seven thousand men on drill; reports that they are having an easier time in Light Artillery than the infantry have; knows nothing about whereabouts of army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites of news received for Peninsula campaign including names of those wounded in their community; gives much family news regarding illnesses, gardens, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes a miserable march and the manning of his gun; says that men stood the march well; says if he is made infantry he will attempt to transfer to another company; doesn't see how this force of eight or ten thousand can he whipped by any force. Including letter, April 18, 1862, gives instructions of where to write him; expresses concern for those at home due to outbreak of fever.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the situation in the camp; says that he and the men are well; states that he cannot visit Richmond as he must be accompanied by an officer and have a pass signed by his captain and by General Hill and General Robert Emmett Rodes and this is almost impossible; gives two reasons for officers wanting to keep men in camp-- impending battle and to keep men away from liquor in Richmond; states his desire and work to transfer to another regiment to be in artillery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDissatisfied with his regiment because it is now infantry and because of selfishness at their captain; mentions also that he feels superior and better qualified than many of his officers; states that his friend Doc is at home on a 20 day furlough because of his dysentery (incomplete).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites of his homesickness and concern that he loves her and his family too much, and that he would trade all the glories won in all battles for an hour at home with his wife and children; mentions health precautions of drying his feet well; writes again of his transfer attempts; says that he and most of the men have been suffering from diarrhea.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes in much detail, the daily activities of camp for the past three days; mentions a failed attempt to join an artillery unit. Including letter, May 28, 1862, gives instructions for care of farm; requests more news from home, tells of busyness of camp. Enclosure: Two newspaper clippings from the Central Presbyterian.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSays that he is in Richmond due to a pain caused by passage of gravel from the kidneys to the bladder, a routine and not serious problem among men in the army; mentions a skirmish near the Chickahominy River where the Yankees were whipped; says they have been getting enough to eat despite rumours to the contrary; says morale is good; they are confident of holding Richmond; the tide of victory has turned in their favor and war will be over in a short time; thanks God for protecting his health and family; relates story of a fight where thankfully his company was spared. Including letter, June 2, 1862.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receipt of her letter of May 26 which encouraged him greatly; discusses his dislike of infantry service and desire to obtain a substitute; mentions that he has recovered from last week's illness; gives brief account of fighting on May 31 and June 1, Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks), although his party escaped involvement; gives more instructions of management of his farm. Including letter, June 5, 1862, requests new pair of shoes and blacking. Including letter, June 6, 1862, requests chewing tobacco and a blanket; tells of his stay in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions comfortableness of present camp compared to some others; describes in more detail the Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks) on May 31 and June 1; notes location of enemy (Union troops); comments on what they gained-- 200 prisoners, a commissary, tents and some artillery; describes prisoners, says that they are not better educated and certainly not more moral than southerners; tells of eating oranges and drinking good coffee obtained from the enemy; mentions death of a man in his mess from having his leg amputated; says that he is very thankful that he was spared from battle; thanks wife and family for all their prayers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHas been transferred to Captain Bagby's company, Colonel Thomas Goode's Regiment Wises' Brigade; says he is now satisfied to be infantry because it is needed more and is happy to be out of the Chickahamoniy swamps; mentions that brother Dick's regiment is camped nearby and they have been able to see each other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExplains family's nighttime prayers for his (NVM) safety; gives news of family members; describes her activities at their farm and general farming conditions; mentions a man from Clarksville who was visiting and buying provisions for the government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTells of much sickness in camp which he had luckily escaped; mentions improvements of new location, especially availability of good food; discusses the fact that his regiment probably won't fight soon due to their weakened condition and lack of training in infantry; expresses thankfulness again that his company was spared involvement in the recent battle in which there was much loss of life; acknowledges receipt of wife's letter and praises her support; sends his love to his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTells of Doc's visit from Richmond, and thanks Nannie for the clothes and supplies she sent; repeats that it is impossible for him to get a furlough unless he becomes sick or obtains a substitute; gives a new address for his mail; exhorts her to write as often as possible, and to have faith that God's will will be done and will be good; acknowledges receipt of her letter and is sorry to hear that the negroes are sick with dysentery; gives instructions on the running of the farm; describes the helpfulness and attentiveness of woman and young girls with the sick in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes in detail the health or sickness of various family members and friends; gives an acount of a recent battle (Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks)) which appeared in a letter from brother Dick (Richard W. Watkins).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions that they have moved their camp a mile or so and are now on the James River; says that he likes his officers except for their profanity and that his new captain was generous in granting Johnny Booker a discharge and Abe suck leave; requests that she send Mr. Hayson some food to repay him for his kindness; mentions officers again and gives an unfavorable report, but does say that they are pious and allow the men religious freedom; states that things are run more efficiently with better food and medical care now that they have been fully reorganized; says that discipline is strict and duties light; feels that he is managing in the army better than he expected to; gives more instructions for the care of the farm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes a night reconnaissance maneuver to observe the enemies activity on the river (James); says that he enjoyed the experience and getting out of camp; tells of dream he had while sleeping out in the clover which reminded him of home; asks Nannie to write him; inquires after the activities and work on his farm; gives instructions for work to be done on the farm; writes that he is well and describes condition, illnesses and wounds of others; wishes he could be at home; discusses possibility that sickness in camp is a result of lack of vegetables in their diet; tells of eating half-ripe cherries for which he would have shipped his negroes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receipt of her letter for which he had been waiting for a long time; expresses concern for her health; exhorts her not to conceal her problems from him; mentions that he would prefer it if she would live at the farm if she is not too lonely as it would be better for the negores; expresses his growing disgust with army life, the injustices and officers failing in their duties to their men; says he is lucky to be removed from the main body of the army because he is able to get plenty of butter, chicken; gives prices of several food items; says he doesn't understand why there is so little fighting, while men wait ready and die of exposure; describes building of fortifications at Chaffin's Bluff; gives detailed instructions for the running of the farm; sends his love. Includes a postscript from June 27 with news of a friend.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives more news from camp; acknowledges receipt of her letter of June 19; sends his love to his family and negroes. Letter is virtually illegible; ink is extremely light.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTells that his regiment avoided a great battle yesterday which occured 2-3 miles down the James River (one of Seven Days' Battles-- on June 30 June McClennon inflicted heavy losses on the Confederates while withdrawing across the Chickahominy River to a new base at Harrison's Landing on the James) because they were on pickett duty; mentions that there has been heavy fighting for the past week; hopes that they are demoralizing McClellan's army and that this will end the bloodshed; notes that he takes meals with overseer's family when he comes out on pickett; thanks God that he was spared; exhorts Nannie to have faith that all will be well; sends his love; gives news of some comrades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStates that he has returned to camp and received her letter; details the battle which raged from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. with a short intermission; notes that there is no definite word on the result, but he does not think they gained much; hopes that they will meet again soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStates that enemy has been driven back and demoralized; says that losses have been estimated at not less than 10,000; writes that his regiment has not participated in any of the battles; describes a feeling of pain he has due to his separation from his family; wishes the North would realize the impossibility of conquering the South; describes strength of the position of fortifications at Chaffin's Bluff; requests news from home about their reaction to the battles and about the farm and family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses his weariness with the war and his desire to return home; states that he thought that furloughs would be possible after the battle (Seven Days' Battles) because McClellan's forces should no longer pose a threat; adds that McClellan's forces were not as devastated as he had first thought; discusses the slow mail service; writes that there were no religious services this Sunday; adds that there have been services off and on in the past, but nothing regular since they left Gloucester Point; states that there is a ditching party working this Sunday, but fortunately he has never been asked to work on the Sabbath; laments that they have been without a regular chaplain; feels that this would aid the men immeasureably; sees the army as a great missionary field; requests a pair of shoes and a box of blacking; sends his love.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receipt of her letter of June 19; notes that the difficulty with the mail must be near her; states how thankful and uplifted he was to receive such an ecouraging letter full of news from home; gives thanks that he and their friends have been spared from the battle and sickness; requests that Nannie answer his former questions about the farm; gives detailed instructions on things to be done on the farm; writes that they are now moving one mile to a nicer campsite; believes that McClellan's forces are stronger than the papers admit, but demoralized; tells how he and Doc (his friend) often exchange letters and talk about their wives which keeps their spirits up; sends love to family and friends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receipt of her letter of July 3; thanks her for answering his questions; requests that she answer his remaining questions; writes that it is impossible for him to get a furlough at present because there are many sick in his company and regiment; states that eight men died in the last nine days; adds that most of their men have been absent from home much longer than he has; asks her to kiss the children for him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Discusses his application to Colonel Goode, through his Lieutenant for a furlough; states why it was denied; mentions that he will not despair yet; mentions that he is in very good health and that the new cause of sickness is fever; states that since he cannot come home she must bring the children to Richmond to see him; mentions that they do receive visitors at the camp. Including letter, July 13, 1862, writes of his Sunday spent on watch in the country; laments that he is cut off from all religious priviledges; thanks Nannie for sending so much news of home; hopes that their time will come soon to see each other. Enclosure: July 7, 1862. Pattie Watkins, at Mount Pleasant, Prince Edward County, Virginia, to her brother, Nathaniel V. Watkins. Details the sickness, care and death of their niece Mildred from diptherla; writes how much good it does both her and their mother to receive his letters; gives news of sickness, wounding and death of neighbors and friends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes his conversation with Colonel Goode and aborted trip to Richmond in search of a furlough; writes that he has asked Mrs. Howlson to ask the Secretary of War about his case; mentions that after denying his furlough, Colonel Goode made a visit to Mecklenburg; believes that McClellan will make one more effort to take Richmond before giving up, either from the James RIver or from Fredricksburg, or attempt to cut off Petersburg; describes everyday camp life; feels that is a splendid gymnasium for young men and invalids. Includes letter, July 17, 1862, mentions another death from sickness; requests that his son, Charley, write to him; gives some instructions for the farm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter almost completely illegible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes another attempt to attain a furlough; requests that his wife look into finding a substitute for him as others have them; says he would be able to bear army life better if he could get home for a week every five months or so; tells of his activities in camp; states that the war in Virginia is quiet at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses his latest attempt to gain a furlough which was unsuccessful; again asks Nannie to seek a substitute for him and also ask her father's advice on the subject; complains about being kept in camp when they are doing so little, only drilling and ditching; states that they have meat about once a week, otherwise they mostly eat bread. Including letter, July 26, 1862, telling of the hot weather; states that the Yankees must be suffering more from it; writes that General Wise would not let them ditch during the worst of it. Letter is unfinished.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receipt of three letters from Nannie in six days; thanks her and reminds her how much they encourage and help him; tells of the captain's brother who has been spending a great deal of time at their camp both preaching and handing out tracks (tracts); describes the rotation of guard duty; writes of attempts to start a Bible study and prayers at night in the tents, but adds that there are too many interruptions to make this possible; describes Sunday's dinner. 3 pp. AL. Including ALS, [July 28, 1862], adding that he would give anything to see his family, but that a furlough, even if a substitute is provided, is out of the question at present; writes that he likes the idea of Nannie coming to Richmond and bringing the children, as he might be able to meet her there for a day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites that her letters bring him much joy and that his happiness depends on her; adds that he would love to see Minnie (his daughter) as she learns to walk and talk; states thay he would still rather see his wife than anyone else. Including letter, July 30, 1862, discussing his lack of ability to concentrate due to the crowds of men who often engage in profane talk even though he is in one of the most moral companies; describes being interrupted by the field artillery Wise's Brigade which were practicing nearby; tells her about artillery and how the guns work; adds that he is glad she is not home alone.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites that he keeps all her letters and often re-reads them when he doesn't get new ones; describes the say as rainy; adds that his tent is often crowded and he is growing to hate crowds; discuss the arrival of some good food; asks Nannie to send him a box of fruit and vegetables from home to Richmond through a friend there; tells the prices of food stuffs which he feels are high; notes that due to presence of a large army in the area it is difficult to obtain food stuffs; Instructs Nannie on what to do with his flock of sheep on their farm. Including letter, August 1, 1862, reporting that he was awakened the previous evening by gunfire down the river and sending his love to his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receipt of Nannie's letter and is glad because she thought that perhaps Nannie or Nathaniel were sick; discusses sickness of their brother, Dicks, also a soldier and illnesses of friends, neighbors, and relatives; describes their new Methodist preacher; states that she likes their refugees very much; discusses crops; sends her love.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Relates his growing disatisfaction with life as a soldier, the profanity around him and their idleness during the day; writes that he feels like a dying man who must fight in order to keep from smothering. Including letter, August 4, 1862, mentions again the captain's brother who has his headquarters at their camps and distributes tracks to soldiers; again asks Nannie to send him a box with fresh food which is not available in camp; hopes that Aunt Mary will do as his wife has done and entrust the care of \"her boysamp; to the heavenly Father; writes about the Sunday sermon; wishes she could have heard it; asks Nannie to encourage preacher to divide time between their camp and another; says that it would do the men good because although most of the privates and some officers are Christians, the regimental officers are profane and godless men; sends his love.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites regarding the condition of Henry who is sick; feels that he should stay in camp until he is well enough to travel; gives news of Daniel Booker who is on sick leave from the regiment; states that his is recovering nicely; discusses the prices and condition of crops in the area; mentions his visit to Nancy (Nathaniel's wife) and children; gives his regards to Dock and Sam.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receipt of several letters; writes that he is on picket to stop soldiers from stealing fowl; describes activities of regiment; likes peacefulness of forest; wishes Nannie could be with him; discusses again whether it is right to get a substitute; says he does not regret joining the Army and that every man should do his part; states that he is happy with his company; desires only to do his duty and then come home not to win military fame; writes of his new found love and appreciation for his wife; wishes he could be with her. Including letter, August 8, 1862, describing Boulware's farm. (Incomplete.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Notes that they have been living better due to some reinforcements from King and Queen County; discusses Nannie's moving to live with her father. Including letter, August 10, 1862, discussing the receipt and distribution of the boxes of fresh fruit and vegetables which Nannie had sent; mentions the Sunday sermon; speaks of a rumor he'd heard that said he had been discharged from the Army. Including letter, Nathaniel V. Watkins, at Camp Chafin's Farm, to his son Charley Watkins, August 9, 1862, describing his life around camp and asking Charley to be a good boy and learn to read and write.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStates that he will only be able write short notes for a few weeks as he will be occupied as recorder for court marshall proceedings with General Evans as president of the court; writes that here had been considerable movements of troops in all directions, but he has not yet heard what it means; describes the passing through of about 140 Yankee officers on their way to be exchanged; sends his love.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStates that she thought he had been sick or transferred to Jackson; writes that she is relieved he has not been; states her gratfefulness for his letters which are so full of love and encouragement; gives news from home, especially of children's activities; mentions that she will attempt to persuade Mr. Hines to go to her husband's camp as a regular preacher; agrees that the Army is a good opportunity to do good; says that the negroes would like to have been at the sermon and meeting he mentioned in his last letter; states that she is happy that he is where he is; believes it is Providence and that all is in God's hands.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites about how it seems that everyone has gotten home except he; feels that this separation has caused them to recognize and appreciate their love; states that the court marshall is not keeping him as busy as he had anticipated; mentions possibility of Nannie meeting him in Richmond. Including letter, August 15, 1862, describing a good dinner he had the evening before; requesting Nannie to send stewed tomatoes; adding that his regiment is the only one to be doing detached work, the others have all been sent to Jackson; writes that the enemy soldiers are of the lowest classes and that they cannot possibly know the devastation of war which has all been fought on southern soil; wishes for peace now; inquires about his crops.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses court marshall cases which are keeping him busy; writes of box full of food which sis[ter] Sue sent; believes that his battalion is being kept by the river for defensive purposes; writes that their separation is becoming harder to bear, notes that he has not been home because he has been blessed with health; believes that they will remain stationary for at least a month otherwise all the court marshalls would not be being held.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the progression of the war; mentions that a North Carolina Brigade (Martin's) is on opposite side of the river; feels that Yankees are waiting for reinforcements before they strike; notes that their numbers are increasing too, but he is not sure where they are coming from; says that he has been feeling a but sick, but it is nothing serious; requests some items he will be needing for the winter; company is again feeling up to par; wishes he could be home for the coming winter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVery pleased to have acquired a new tent, which sleeps four comfortably; remarks how well a soldier sleeps; acknowledges receiving her letter of August 14, 1862; this is a lonesome and empty year for him; Doc (?) has been offered the appointment to Lt. General of the 25th North Carolina regiment, but has not accepted yet; rest of army has moved to other side of river, and their regiment is the last remaining area; Yankee troops have given up the fight for Richmond from below; McClellan has moved his base; says that he is feeling much better since he wrote last; acknowledges receiving letters from Daniel (?) and Mr. Booker (?), who speak of despair in the country; does not yet know when a furlough will be offered to him, but he receives one day in winter; remembers fondly days of abusing the Yankees; sends his love.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcknowledges receiving her letter of August 27, 1862; glad to have heard from Martha (?); Doc (?) did accept his newly assigned post and is now in Richmond; begs his wife to tell him if troubles arise at home; concerned with their runaway slave Tommy; gives some suggestions for the upcoming harvest; her Pa (?) might consider getting more help, because the negroes \"for their own sakes\" should not be left alone; has received a two day pass and will be going to Richmond to get away from camp; wishes he could break the blockade and go home; asks if his wife and children might come to Richmond; thinks it would be best to sell crops for cash to the neighbors; no war news to report; sends his love.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHappy to hear he has received the box of vegetables so soon; their borther Dick visited but was not looking well; Dick did get several new recruits among the prisoners; illness has struck hard amny of their friends and cousins, but their neighborhood and immediate family are fairing well; have had some severe rains which have damaged Mr. Redd's (?) tobacco crop, but the corn crop is excellent; fruit is scarce, partly due to a drought; Horace Booker (?) was involved in the Battle of Cedar River, and took General Prince.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeaks of the children Charley and Minnie and how they are handling the situation; fears Minnie may forget him; hopes the war does not continue though Lincoln's administration as some tell her; she misses him and sends her love. Including letter from Charley Watkins, to his father, Nathaniel V. Watkins, is having a good time at his grandpa's but misses his father.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerned with certain aspects of the war; relays news of family and friends; gives details of crop situations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news and health of family and friends; news of the battles of Manassas and Warrenton Springs have reached the family; gives details of crop situations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes his camp life and the wildlife surrounding the camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerned with his continued denial of a furlough; troubles with the mail service are arising; advises his wife on farm matters and especially on crops of tobacco and wheat; problems concerning his slaves and their runaway slave Tommy are mentioned; also discusses using negroes in camp; describes his abundance of free time in camp; his court work continues; descriptions of the camp, camp members, and surrounding area are made; camp provisions are discussed, such as various clothing and food stuffs; many religous functions are taking place in the camp; mentions battles and fighting around Williamsburg, Manassas, Harper's Ferry, and Washington; mentions uprisings in both Kentucky and Missouri; prisoner exchanges are taking place; believes peace is coming soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFears spread of diptheria, scarlet fever, and measles; conveys news of family and friends; news that corn and tobacco crops are doing well; detailed descriptions of making cloth and dyeing are given.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerning a request for a furlough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChances for a furlough are becoming slim; sickness, namely remittent fever has hit the camp as well as himself; camp life such as new housing, company provisions, and numbers of news arrivals is discussed; mentions that provisions such as warm clothing are needed from home; concerned with the sale of his slave Tommy; news of the war is increasingly discouraging; details of a new exemption bill are discussed; resuming his work with the court; advises his wife on crops of tobacco and wheat as well as their orchard of apples and peaches; pros and cons of using a substitue are given.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHas sent him the provisions he requested; suggests he should transfer to the Prince Edward cavalry, under the command of General J. E. S. Stewart (Stuart); relays family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAttempts boosting his morale and advises him on his problems with getting a furlough; fears that the Yankees will attempt cutting off Richmond from the rest of the South; suggests he not purchase any more slaves and instead should invest in land which is more valuable; slaves as a property are uncertain; relays family news, health of negroes and children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays family news; mentions Brother Dick's opinion of General \"J. E. B.\" Stewart (Stuart) and his raids into Pennsylvania; sickness is hitting friends and family hard; there is a spirit of marrying about; prices for tobacco are high; there is a real need for salt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSees no signs of war ending any time soon, and in fact, the North seems even more united; news concerning his negroes is discussed in detail; obtaining a substitute does not look possible at the present time; their new housing has been completed; they are starting up a literacy club to pass time; the weather is getting worse; discusses his limited company duties; describes the court in which he works, speaks of slave use in camp and at the court; relays news of friends in his company; religious events which occur in camp are explained; has been quite depressed; glad to hear of his wife's growing independence; worried about hs mounting debt; gives farm advice; asks for certain provisions from home; frustrated with his continued denial of a furlough; troubles with the mail continue; tells of the blockading of the James River by using both \"sharp-shooters\" and submarine batteries; discusses the extensive ditches and breastworks surrounding Richmond; wishes to sell 300-350 of his 1200 acres; there is no news concerning military battles; mentions the Charlotte cavalry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs very concerned with the fact that his wife has been ill; seeks his wife's advice in many matters; while there is an abundance of clothing, the scarcity of shoes is an extreme problem; unless he receives a furlough, is determined to leave the service; continued improvments in camp are carried out; is quite critical of certain commanders; describes religious activites in camp; relays news of his tobacco crop and its going rate; still eager to sell some of his land and pay off his debt; gives details concerning their literary club; discusses, in detail, their execution of firing drills; mentions the Seven Pines; is coping with the bad weather rather well, unlike the negroes in camp; complains about provisions of beef, pork, and lack of butter and sugar; postage is getting high; frequent resignations of generals are taking place; Pickett's division is moving from Richmond to Charleston, South Carolina; signs of peace are becoming more apparent; there are wide-spread rumors of disaffection in the Northwest; gives advice concerning farm and crop trip are given; refers to his stopping at the Wolf Trap depot; (?) in his part of the army; refers to the Southern Literacy Messenger and claims it is a very good paper; Yankees have crossed at Fredricksburg, Virginia and there is a threatened advance being made by Burnside [?]; troops in Richmond and Petersburg are being moved to aid Gen[eral] Lee; there is also action taking place on the James River.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks advice on certain family matters; relays family news; dyptheria is becoming quite common among children; tells of troubles with certain negroes as well as the use of negroes in fortifying Weldon; relays facts of a neighbor's will, including provisions for his children and negroes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news of brother Dick and his fellow soldiers running the blockade for cheaper provisions; updates her on family news; both the weather and roads are poor; refers to the Prince Edward cavalry and the Lee Guards; the weather is contributing to an increase in poor health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news of their mother's illness as well as other family matters; the poor weather is contributing to an increase in illnesses; refers to the Prince Edward troop and Lee Guards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFears his children will forget him; writes of the camp surroundings and the \"big guns;\" wishes his son to learn his letters; has sketched a rough picture of a sickly dog they named Yankee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerning his activities at home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs delighted to hear that his wife's health is improving; his chances for a furlough are increasing with the new lottery system; gives details of their shrinking Bible classes and prayer meetings in camp; artillery work is being done around camp; the weather continues to cause problems, especially to their new housing; gives details of the camp's winter provisions; relays stories of his times on guard duty; the size of their company continues to grow; comments on the lack of gentleman remaining in the camp; makes other judgements of camp companies; there is little going on, in and around camp; the mood in camp seems to be low; his health is generally good; gives advice to his wife concerning the next season's crops as well as possible land sale; is attempting to acquire a little negro to care for his wife while she is recovering; their daughter Minnie has also apparently been ill; recommends his wife acquire the Southern Literacy; is unhappy to learn that some of his negroes have been drafted to work on fortifying Weldon; a land dispute has erupted at home which he believes his wife can handle; Southern women will have to accept more responsibility when the war is over; prospects for peace are brightening, possibly by late spring or summer; it is believed also that Lee's army is in better health and spirits than it has ever been; there is a good deal of movement occurring with the Confederate troops; gives details of numerous army and especially naval victories for the South; the union army is rumored to lose 300,000 men by May 1, due to the end of their terms; there is also unrest growing in the northwest and Kentucky, due in part to the raising of black troops; the enemy has also given up on the idea of taking Richmond by way of Fredricksburg. 8 items, ALsS; 2 items, ALs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs worried about the late snow, which is proving harmful to their livestock and planting; whooping cough is running rampant among the negores; and they are beginning to get ill as well; relays family news; understands brother Nathaniel V. Watkins has bought a furlough; gives account of brother Dick's (?) charge of a regiment of Yankees; has heard news of friends in the north; refers to the gratifying tobacco prices in the region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComments on making it through the extremely harsh and wet winter, which has put off planting; understands he has received a furlough; they are having problems with the spread of whooping cough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives a detailed account of brother Dick and his brigade's attack on a Yankee party; this attack was under the command of a General Fitz Lee; refers to a battle at Kelly's Ford, where the Confederate troops did not fare so well; relays news of family and friends, including those who have been wounded and killed; refers to charges made by the Prince Edward Cavalry, and the reactions made by General Jeb Stuart; the family is suffering with colds and the whooping cough; the children, especially the negro children, are suffering the greatest.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs upset that he has not received a letter from her as of late; fears the problem lies with the postal service; bustle and confusion are present in his quarters; changes with leadership are occurring in camp; the Confederate army is in desperate need of naval officers; has been in the service for a year now and is growing quite tired of army life; desperately wishes war would end; relays news of certain camp members; gives details of recently received packages from Richmond; receives a furlough for the 16th of March; health continues to be well; states that recruiting is a suitable way for officers to receive long furloughs; there are few men left to recruit, due to the new Conscript Act; weather improves but then grows worse again; no fighting is expected in the area; there is a growing tiredness of war, yet pride keeps the soldiers loyal; relays details of his return to camp; have been given permission to cultivate their own gardens; his faith in God is growing stonger; asks for provisions from home; as well as news concerning his farm; is growing quite worried over the spread of diptheria among children; provisions in camp are becoming scarce; gives his wife some farm advice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to the weather, the camp, especially the roads, need work; has cut down on his chewing of tobacco at his wife's request; provisions in camp continue to worsen; he refuses to eat any of the meat supplied to the camp; due to the weather and condition of the roads, there is little movement among the armies; have kept the enemy in check during the winter; the cases of diptheria have begun to lessen, and he hopes his family is doing well; planting in the surrounding area has begun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegretfully informs him of the death of their son Charley R. Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news of health of family and friends; is concerned about Nannie V. Watkins and her health; the children there are finally getting over the whooping cough, but now suffer with cases of chicken pox and scarlet fever; the planting of their crops has begun; gives details of a cavalry unit from South Carolina which was stationed near their home; speaks, in detail, of a southern sympathizer in Baltimore.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWas sorry to learn of the death of his son Charley R. Watkins, but is happy to hear that his daughter Minnie H. Watkins was feeling better; gives details of how Nannie V. Watkins is reacting to Charley's death; is grateful that God has spared his own family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWas very sorry to hear of Charley R. Watkins's death; the children there have nearly recovered from the whooping cough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInforms him that their orders to evacuate the bluff have been cancelled; expresses his regrets at Charley R. Watkins's death; wishes him well and hopes he enjoys his stay at home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAttempts desperately to console him; knows how he feels, because her child Lilie (?) also has passed away; hopes the area's health will improve with the coming of warmer weather.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWas shocked and upset to learn of his son Charley R. Watkins's death; attempts comforting Nathaniel; writes of his service in the cavalry and the state of the Confederate troops; states what a great negative effect the death of General \"Stonewall\" Jackson has had on the army; gives details of General \"J. E. B.\" Stuart and his attempts to raise a large cavalry force, including his own, the Hampton brigade, and Fitz Lee's brigade; writes of the difficulties in acquiring newspapers; it has been rumored that Lincoln has called out an additional 500,000 troops; refers to his service on a board which examines and condemns horses which are unfit for service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInsists that Nannie come and stay with her; relays news of the family; the children there are getting well again; writes of the religious services held in the area; the crops in the area are suffering from a lack of rain; it's been very cool and dry; it seems to be more difficult acquiring furloughs; is having trouble getting summer cloth woven in time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHopes Nannie V. Watkins will come for a visits and that he will be able to join her; a hailstorm has damaged the wheat and watermelon crops; the corn crops are doing well; the health of the family is generally good; states that she will be sending him provisions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Wishes to visit her sister-in-law Pattie Watkins but thinks it wise to wait until late July or August, when they should be over the whooping cough; their daughter Minnie H. Watkins had again taken ill but has fully recovered; have commenced cutting wheat but the rain is slowing them down; the crops of corn and pumpkin are doing well; refers to soldiers running the blockade and confiscating Yankee provisions; relays news of family and friends; the neighborhood id getting healthy again; deeply mourns the death of their son, Charley R. Watkins; gives details of church services held in the area; states how much his family, the Smileys (his overseer), and his negroes love and miss him; refers to her boarding of Confederate soldiers; has had a problem with one of the negroes burning down his house; is ashamed of the luxury in which she lives compared to the hardships soldiers must face; assumes he is keeping up with his Bible class; expresses her dislike for the \"drinking and profane officers;\" mentions the task of exchanging their wool for cotton; Smiley (their overseer) has been possibly ordered into service, and Nannie will have to watch over the farm; will send him the shoes he needed; has heard that the war effort is going well; Grant is weakening in the west and Lee is in control of the east; is hopeful about their success at Vicksburg and their holding of Fredericksburg; refers to the tyranny of the Yankee troops and the actions taken against the Southern civilians; expresses doubt concerning the actions of West Tennessee; God will see the South through the war and deliver them the victory; the prospects for peace are very bright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives details of his return to camp following his short furlough; travelled with 500 Yankee prisoners which were to be exchanged; refers to the Yankee raids in VIrginia; his duties in camp have increased; the victory at Fredricksburg was both a boost and damaging to the Confederate troops, due to the death of \"Old Stonewall\" discusses his chances of acquiring another furlough; refers to the dependent condition of their negroes; all the men in camp are in fine spirits; wishes to invest his money in Confederate bonds; is interested in the movement of Pickett's division; poor provisions are being offered to many companies; believes war will end by late summer; writes about various camp members and friends; fears there may be another battle at or near Fredricksburg soon; General Robert E. Lee is increasing his cavalry forces; refers to the numerous Confederate victories; relays the experiences of a Confederate prisoner's stay in a Yankee camp; it is rumored that Yankee's are holding 7,000 negroes on Canary Island; states the Quarter Master is quite inefficient; refers to a Congressional Act concerning provisions for paying off debts; in anxious to hear of matters concerning his farm and crops; fears for the wheat crops in the South; wishes his wife to visit his sisters in Prince Edward County, Virginia; misses his son, Charley R. Watkins, very much; needs provisions from home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Relays family news; gives her reactions to the fall of Vicksburg; refers to the wet and warm weather which kept them from working on the crops; due to the rainy weather, the rivers are impassable; gives details of a company of soldiers and their stay overnight; one of the neighbor's negro woman has run off; have commenced weaving their cotton; are experiencing little ailments, but are generally in good health; wishes he would visit. Including letter from Millie Watkins, to her brother, Nathaniel V. Watkins. Is a little under-the-weather but will write soon and wishes him to do the same.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was a massive transport of Confederate troops to Richmond, due to a new Yankee advancement on the capital; refers to a Yankee attack of a bridge over the Southhanna River; does not speak well of the general in charge at Richmond; fears Richmond may be taken; states that Southerners are much too secure in their thoughts and actions; is hopeful now that Robert E. Lee has entered Pennslyvania; gives details of a North Carolina cavalry unit's stay at their farm; Robert E. Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania is believed to be going well; papers of both the North and South are writing in terms of peace; men returning home for horses are not finding this task easy; has learned that Vicksburg has fallen; there South must put their faith in God and assume He will make the right decision; is disgusted with those who feel the South will lose; is relieved to hear that Lee has recrossed the Potomac; the Southern people are growing tired of the war; it is rumored that Yankees are advancing on Weldon; refers to President Jefferson Davis' proclamation calling for another day of fasting and prayer; frequent raids are being made by the Yankees; fears defeat; the extreme amounts of rain are causing problems with the crops; gives details of the neighbors; often refers to her dead son Charley R. Watkins and their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; relays news of their family and friends, as well as the ailments afflicting them; have begun hiving bees; gives news of church matters; conveys news of the livestock; mentions the scores of family and friends killed, wounded or taken prisoner at the Battle of Gettysburg; rivers have become impassable; there are many cases of theft occurring; gives details of her visit home to Brookland [?]; refers to the work being done by the negroes; a survey and sale of a parcel of his land has taken place; refers to the cruel treatment exercised on a neighbor's negro.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays details of a visit by relatives; recent deaths and illnesses affecting friends and family are discussed; facts concerning the schooling in the area are given; refers to the numerous soldiers killed in \"the Battle\" (of Gettysburg); relays church news; mentions that state of their vegetable gardens; hopes he is over his chills.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs quite worried about the sickness prevailing within her family; distemper; has killed a great number of their cows and oxen; their crops are suffering as much as she assumes they are in North Carolina; refers to the neighbors aiding them with their recent problems; relays news of visits by family and friends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRansom (?) has driven the Yankees from Weldon (?); is becoming increasingly impatient for the end of the war; they have heard gunfire nearby; the war effort is not going well; refers to a gunboat battle on the James River; recounts again how many of their friends were killed in the Battle of Gettysburg; hopes for an exchange for those soldiers who were taken prisoner; believes the South must once again renew their faith in God if the war is to be won; refers to the upcoming \"fast day\" and hopes it will be faithfully observed; is quite worried about her husband and \"the chills\" which he has been experiencing; mentions frequently the number of friends who are coming down with dysentery, diptheria, and typhoid fever; gives a detailed account of recent deaths; recent church news is given; the schooling of the local children has once again commenced; gives a detailed account of the progress in their crops of wheat, corn, tobacco, and oats; there is a shortage in their stock of sheep as well, due to the stealing of the sheep by runaway negroes; often mentions their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; is considering visiting family in Prince Edward County, Virginia; refers to the necessity of weaving their own cloth; mentions the increasing number of robberies in the area including the illegal entry into their own home; is delighted to learn that furloughs are again being issued.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReceives news of Nathaniel's hopes for a furlough or substitution; makes many references to their children; relays family, church and neighborhood news; sickness in the area continues, and the negroes are being hit hard; discusses schooling in the area; news of the crops is minimal; refers to troop movement and Nathaniel's move to Charleston, South Carolina; is angered at those young men escpaing military duty; mentions artillery fire in the area; refers to the \"sharp-shooters\" in Charleston; Beauregard (?) will save Charleston; states that \"our officers are strict;\" refers to the duties of her husband is performing; is quite worried about Nathaniel's health; refers to her chores at home; mentions a neighbor's trip to Petersburg and the Natural Bridge; the well-being of their negroes is discussed, as well as the trouble some negroes are causing; relays news of theft in the area; believes the war effort is still going well; reminds Nathaniel to avoid the temptation of alcohol.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays church news; refers to the well-being of friends and neighbors; home chores and laboring on the crops continues; mentions their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; refers to the emptiness of many local stores; schooling of the children continues; gives details of the trading being done at the \"Fork\" a local election is taking place; stealing is occuring by the female negroes; updates on their negroes are made; is having problems finding someone to manage the farm another year; refers to revivals taking place in the army; lectures her husband on attending his Bible class and on the evils of drinking; discusses Nathaniel's hopes of getting a furlough or substitute; relays news of General Beauregard's efforts at saving Charleston; fear of a \"great battle\" in Tennessee is growing; mentions a fight at Chattanooga (?); is pleased to learn Nathaniel has accepted a higher and less taxing position; is worried that he has sent to Jones' Island, \"the most dangerous place around Charleston.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives details of Richmond's and Petersburg's attempt to feed General Robert E. Lee's troops at Christmas; relays news of his condition to camp; is worried about the fact that their caretaker has been sent into the army; the number of furloughs granted has increased; is sorry to hear of the unrest in the neighborhoods; refers to the desertions being made to the enemy; there is a real need for more horses; asks for many provisions; the army appears to be still optimistic; gives instructions concerning his crops; refers to the intense fighting going on around him at Chaffin's Farm and Welson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to the fail of Atlanta; comments on recent Yankee advancements; the chase between Early (?) and Sheridan (?) is ongoing in his area; contemplates and reflects on the times they live in; wonders about the success of \"Old Bob\" (Robert E. Lee) and his tactics of war; refers to the plundering done by Yankees; the cost of a calvary are proving to be too much.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs continuing his religious committment in camp; frequently comments on his hopes for a furlough or Nannie visiting; camp life is often discussed; advises Nannie on what to do with his crops and other farm matters; refers to the fail of Atlanta, Georgia, Savannah, Georgia, and possibly Petersburg, Virginia; spirits are still high and the number of desertations have lessened; is upset over the greed and corruptness spreading throughout the southern people and officers; negroe sales are becoming difficult; believes negroes should be fighting along with Confederate soldiers; flood damage is affecting travel; refers to talks and fears of Reconstruction and emancipation; a delay in payment is hurting the Confederate army; sharp-shooters are mentioned frequently; Richmond may have to be evacuated; feels the war will end soon; discusses weaknesses of the South; provisions are needed; rumors of an armistice are surfacing; feels President Lincoln is reloading his army; refers to General Wise and his hopeful speeches; the local railroads may be taken; gives advice on how to properly raise their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; fighting has increased in area; mentions an exchange of prisoners; refers to the strengths of the armies; news has spread of General Sherman and his march through the South; gives a description of General Robert E. Lee and his command.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs frequently updated on family news; wishes his wife to visit him; due to the recent epidemic of measles, is worried about his daughter Minnie H. Watkins; feels the Southern people are not doing enough for the cause; is quite hurt by the conduct of his negroes at home; gives advice on his crops; asks for provisions; is worried over the disappearance of his negroes; the overuse of trains has slowed the mail; soldiers remaine determined; desertions have ceased; Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia, have artially have been evacuated; restraints have been placed on the press; worries about General Sherman are rising; relays news of religion in camp; rains are damaging the roads and is restricting the movement of troops; mentions a victory at Kinston (?); refers to North Carolina Governor Vance's appeal for provisions for General Lee's army; gives news of shelling incident in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news of his move from Petersburg, Virginia; refers to Early's (?) disasterous campaign in western Virginia; gives a description of camp life; there are a number of surrounding forces; sharp-shooters are constantly at work; gives farm advice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany railroads have been seized by the enemy; rumors are spreading of Yankees around Richmond, Virginia; it is rumored that General Sherman has been defeated; Confederate troops are hopeful; relays news of his regiment and their fighting; hopes to raise a negro regiment are rising; religious news in camp is discussed; relays news of his time of the picket line; heavy fighting continues around Petersburg, Virginia; refers to General Robert E. Lee's fight with General Sherman; the southern people put much faith in General Lee; intense shelling of cities are occuring; troops are encouraged by victory at Petersburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news of family visits; refers to health conditions; the Prince Edward County, Virginia cavalry is on display; gives update on crop conditions; insists that Nathaniel takes care of his tobacco; relays news of the commotion being caused by the freed negroes; are having many problems with the Yankees; likes President Andrew Jackson better than President Abraham Lincoln; Johnson understands the negro.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays farm news; health problems are prevalent in the family; children's progress in school is continuing; refers to religious event taking place; bankruptcies are spreading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs worried and anxious to hear from her family since the war has ended; relays news of sickness in the family; gives miscellaneous family news; life after war is rough; salaries are smaller and prices are higher; puts her faith in God.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to problems Nathaniel is having with increasing debts; tells Nathaniel to put his faith in God; he is doing much better; has formed a Conservative Party in hopes of defeating the new Constitution of the Radicals; relays farm news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses his move to Farmville and 212 acre plantation he has acquired; matters are going well; refers to Nathaniel's debt problem and the sale of his land; invites Nathaniel and his family to live with him; complains of the cough and cold he has had since the war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions a compromise made with his creditors; the exchange of land, livestock, and money are involved; is taking advantage of the Bankruptcy Act; his family is sick with colds; prefers staying at his own home rather than moving in with Richard; hopes to open a little school and take in boarders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThings are going well; gives news of family and friends; relays church news; is concerned about her garden and fowls; mentions how their daughter Minnie and Nannie are doing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news of his crops and her garden; refers to sicknesses in the neighborhood; updates her on the family and neighborhood news; mentions his involvement in the church; is having a problem with debts; drought conditions and later heavy rains damage his crops; refers to his tenant farmers and their inadequate work compared to slave hands; blames negroes and Yankees for the hard times; there is a lack of both old and new scholars; is unhappy to be separated from his wife and children; refers to the condition of his livestock; gives advice on the raising of their children; is busy organizing church records of membership.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncourages Nathaniel to keep his land soley owned and not to go into partnership; mentions the numerous problems in the area all stemming from sickness and the Yankees; advises Nathaniel on his debt problems; they must all put their faith in God; death is running rampant through areas of Virginia; his own child had died; refers to the effects of the death of General Robert E. Lee; the search for wealth is overshadowing the need for character; mentions his dislike for the new state Constitution; gives crop news; discussses the many problems with finding labor; relays family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to numerous family matters and chores; mentions the quiet Christmas they spent; discusses the health of the family; since negroes are moving further south, laborers are scarce; there is a shortage of ice; gives news of schooling in the area; the mild winter was appreciated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to the religious revivial in the area; comments on Nathaniel's debt problems; relays family news; drought conditions continue; their sisters are not well and have gone to certain springs to recover; mentions the celebration of their mother's 81st brithday; discusses their garden and livestock; relays crops news; there are a great many deaths around Farmville and Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs spending time at the spring to recover from her spell of pneumonia; she has also developed breast cancer but hopes the water will cure it; pleads with Nathaniel to watch over their mother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports a death in the family; diptheria is taking its toll on the neighborhood; her health is improving; relays family news; mentions the status of their crops and livestock.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to Nathaniel's school and thanks him for admitting Eddie (?); relays family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThey are having trouble filling seats of administration in Formsville; carpet baggers and scalawags are only ones avaliable; gives his detailed advice on raising an orchard; relays crop news; the drought continues; his legal matters are not yet cleared up.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWas sorry to learn of the death of their child; instructs them to put their faith in God; is concerned with their sister Patty's recovery; relays church news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays family news; mentions the chores keeping her busy at home; refers to the growth of Farmville, Virginia; congratulates him on the arrival of his new daughter; the weather has been bad; discusses Nathaniel and the teaching he's doing for her sons Eddie and Henry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs happy to hear of Nathaniel's good health; relays family news; mentions the growth of Farmville, Virginia; gives details on the schooling of the local children; there is a scarcity of laborers; refers to her chores at home; writes him a copy of a letter informing them of their sister's death; various members of the family are ridden with ailments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions the numerous chores her husband has recently given her; her health is suffering; relays news of their crops, garden and livestock; updates them on the family news; is upset that the family seldom sees each other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQuestions the progress made by his sons Eddie and Henry in at Nathaniel's boarding school; also inquires about the payment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the health of the family; apparently Minnie's mother, Nannie V. Watkins, is accomodating a houseful of people; relays family news; is upset with the condition of her fowls.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRainy weather is preventing planting; refers to the poor health of the children as well as other family members; relays news of family visits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives details of her trip to visit her aunt and uncle, Nannie V. and Nathaniel V. Watkins; refers to Nathaniel's boarding school; relays crop news; Nathaniel feels he is extremely over-worked.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUpdates her on the events at home; relays news of his tobacco crop; refers to the progress of his boarding school and other schooling in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNathaniel's continuous working is giving him health problems; they are living in extremely hard times; he must continue teaching due to the poor tobacco crops; relays miscellaneous farm news; gives details of event taking place at his club metting; mentions the difficulties in sending his daughter, Minnie H. Watkins to Farmville, Virginia, for schooling; his family is quite poor but happy; believes life for him is worse than life in Prince Edward County, Virginia; does not trust the corrupt railroads; gives advice on his daughter's studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Describes, in detail, their little cousin Asa Watkins; relays family news and news of other children in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWishes she and her family would move back to Virginia and close to him; refers to the bad temperament of his son Asa; gives details on his garden; mentions how many beautiful children there are in his neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs sorry to hear of her mother's (Nannie V. Watkins) poor health; suggests more servants and family visits would help her; requests that Minnie come to school near him; is doing quite well due to good crops and good health; relays neighborhood and family news; despite the hard times they are keeping their spirits up in the area; mentions a meeting of the stockholders in the Richmond and Danville Railroad; hopes his son (Asa Watkins) will be a machinist as they are so desperately needed in the South.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInforms Nathaniel of the declining health and eventual death of their mother (?); recalls how blessed they were with good parents; refers to the many virtuous qualities held by their mother; refers to Nathaniel's offer to teach his children; relays the studies and future plans of his daughters; is sending his daughter to school in Lynchburg, Virginia, for music training; the hard times make it impossible to visit one another; the crops are poor in the surrounding country; gives family news; goes over financial matters with Nathaniel; mentions his numerous farm chores; prices are quite low for tobacco; refers to his mounting debts; the abundance of lawyers in Farmville, Virginia, is hurting his law business; refers to their quiet Christmas at home; is disgusted with the number of \"demagogues and negroes\" filling the legislature; fears Catholics will be next.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis financial problems continue; apparently, farther south, matters are a little better because speculation and development are higher; his farm is serving as an expense rather then a source of profit; must continue teaching to pay for farm expenses; refers to his recent nervous breakdown due to over-work; mentions the horrors of teaching; relays family news; although he would like to, he is too poor to relocate; refers to his crops of cotton, tobacco and molasses; mentions the upcoming railroad from Keysville (?) to Clarksville (?).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIs sorry to hear of Nathaniel's bad health; has been forced to give up his low profession and concentrate on his farming; mentions his poor health; refers to the troubles of their sister, Pattie Watkins Scott and the nursing of her husband (?); is now taking in boarders and is teaching; relays crop news; is getting poorer each year; refers to an attempt to form a Farmer's Club; deer hunting seems to be the last profitable venture in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGives details of the schooling and boarding of their children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays family news; refers to their good cotton crop in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to her running the farm and matters of the household; is also maintaining a school in the house; mentions her declining appearance; has been forced to raise her step-son Emby (Scott) in a strange manner; gives details of her garden and livestock; is upset that she seldom sees her even closest family; refers to the declining health throughout the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInforms him of her father's (?) death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResponds to Richard's request for a loan; refers to family illnesses; discusses her trip to Texas; apparently times in Texas are not as hard; also revisited Mobile and states its people are \"real Virginians.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Thanks them for sending Emma Watkins to care for them while they are ill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to the loss of her daughter Lizzie and Nathaniel's son Charley R. Watkins; relays family news; mentions her family's religious practices; refers to the schooling of her children; times have been hard since the outbreak of the war; prices are higher and children are being forced to work; can no longer keep servants. Includes letter from Mary Ballantine, to her uncle, Nathaniel V. Watkins informing him of her sister Lizzie's death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWishes she could visit; relays family news; her health is improving.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays family news; are having a rough winter which is hurting their crop beds; refers to the schooling of their children; mentions the chores performed by the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOften mentions the prospect of Nathaneil's receiving a furlough; refers to a woman's chore of weaving at home; relays news of schooling going on; negroes are fortifying Raleigh, North Carolina; mentions her many chores at home; relays news of their crops and livestock; is relieved to learn that the Ironsides have been forced to leave the area of Charleston, South Carolina; relays family and neighborhood news; there apparently are a number of southern deserters; are having trouble with the theft of poultry in the area; refers to her Pa's effort to get him a substitute; believes the South is fighting God's war; fears Nathaniel will get too lazy; often refers to the progress of their children Charley R. Watkins and Minnie H. Watkins; is worried about Nathaniel's poor health; makes many references to their happy life before the war; is very upset at the number of men in the South escaping their military duty; is upset at the religious unrest in the South since the outbreak of war; relays news of sickness and death spreading throughout the neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncourages him to continue the study of his letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays family news both before and after the war; discusses money matters; relays news of their provisions in camp; refers to the South's greatest victory at Manassas, Virginia; although the Yankee army is rumored to be quite large, Nathaniel believes they are \"despirited and demoralized\" refers to success in Kentucky; makes references to General Robert E. Lee's expertise; believes an attack of Maryland, Ohio, and Pennsylvania is coming; refers to the North's destruction of Northern Virginia; puts his faith in God; relays news of his company's activities and camp life; is worried about the increased depreciation of Southern currency while prices of goods are still rising; they are suffering for supplies in Lee's army; relays religious news of the camp; gives advice on farm matters at home; mentions his long hours of picket duty; refers to the increased sickness of home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays both good and bad news concerning crops in the area; discusses financial matters; wishes he could visit; refers to the problems of his livestock and negros eating away at his farm; relays news of his crops and livestock.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to his son (Asa Watkins) and his numerous amusements; relays neighborhood news; is behind in his farm work; low tobacco prices add to the already hard times.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRefers to the increasing hard times they are living in; mentions the many demoralized Negroes; her children are frequently sick; sickness is prevalent throughout the South; relays family news; refers to the Southern hatred of Yankees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelays news of her caring for an ailing neighbor friends have also been wounded in battle; many horses are dying in battle; there has been an increase of sickness in area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents An envelope for a weekly offering made by Nannie V. Watkins at Shiloh Presbyterian Church, two school compositions written by Minnie H. Watkins, an invoice of goods bought by Nathaniel V. Watkins, two news items reporting the death of Dr. Elisha Ballantine, a note written by a parent requesting prayer for their conversation, four items of miscellaneous verse and two unidentified fragments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluding one written February 16, 1866, telling of \"poverty\" and \"straightened circumstances\" and one referring to the death of his mother, Mildred Morton Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentioning measles epidemic of 1858 which affected the health of 18 Negroes and his political views during the war. Also letter from Thomas W. Daniel, Monterey, Virginia, to his cousin, Nathaniel V. Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington College (Washington and Lee College), commenting on slavery and giving advice to his son at college. Also includes letter from Patty Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther letters from his brother-in-law Elisha Ballantine, sisters Susan M. Watkins and Pattie Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso letter from from Mildred S. Watkins to her granddaughter Minnie H. Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo his brother Nathaniel V. Watkins from Richmond, 1848, Prince Edward and Charlotte, 1848 and 1850, Philadelphia, 1854, and South Carolina, 1857; to his mother Mildred Morton Watkins from Cuba, 1858.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter from Nathaniel's mother (Mildred Morton Watkins).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso letters from Mildred S. Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSarah S. Skinner served as a governess in James B. Daniel's home in the 1850's, to Nannie (Daniel Watkin's) and from Martha H. Bliss, Shelburne, Vermont, to Nannie Daniel Watkins, Waterloo, North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluding letter to Nancy Daniel Watkins from an old schoolmate about Sarah Skinner, a New England governess, letter from C. A. Watkins of Missouri to his cousin Richard Watkins, copy of will of Henry N. Watkins of Oldham, Prince Edward, copy of deed of five slaves to Nathaniel and Nannie Watkins by James B. Daniel, and letter from J. Morton to Richard Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters from Mildred R. Daniel, Lucy Jane Daniel, Charles Read Daniel, Martha E. Daniel, Jane E. Daniel, Patty Watkins, P. S. Daniel, Mollie O. Watkins and James N. Daniel. Also includes simplified genealogy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso letters from Nannie (Daniel) Watkins to father and mother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from ex-slaves who went to Tennessee with Mr. Barbes in 1875. Includes letters from Polly Graham (one of five slaves given to Nannie Watkins on her wedding day by her father James B. Daniel in 1859) and her daughters Martha and Sarah.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a deed for slaves from Mildred S. Watkins, a receipt for the purchase of slaves from James B. Daniel and a receipt for the purchase of slaves from James B. Daniel and a receipt for the purchase of a female slave from G. A. Wilson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter from Henry U. Watkins; Nathaniel Jackson; E. Ballantine; Benjamin S. Ewell; Michael DeVere, Edward H. Courtenay, Lawrence Smith (Professors at the University of Virginia); and Richard H. Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters, chiefly 1862-1865, written by Nathaniel Venable Watkins to his wife Nancy Daniel Watkins. During the Civil War, Watkins served with Co. H, 4th Virginia Heavy Artillery, which became part of the 34th Virginia Infantry Regiment. Watkins appeared to have saw little combat, spending much of his time in defensive positions guarding artillery batteries. His unit was stationed at Gloucester Point (during the Peninsular Campaign), near Richmond (Chaffin's Bluff) and near Petersburg. His letters concern camp life, religion among the soldiers, his work as a clerk for courts-martial; and he gave directions to his wife concerning the management of their farm in Granville, North Carolina.","The collection also includes correspondence of other members of the Watkins family of Prince Edward County, Virginia and of the Daniel family of Granville County, North Carolina. Some letters concern and are written by Richard H. Watkins who served in the Prince Edward Dragoons, 3rd Virginia Cavalry and who was a farmer in Prince Edward County, Virginia during Reconstruction.","The collection includes letters concerning slavery before and during the Civil War as well as letters written from formerly enslaved persons.","Charles Lewis Read is the father of Jane Eliza Read who married James B. Daniel. Their daughter, Nancy Venable Daniel, married Nathaniel Venable Watkins. Betsey Anne Ballentine was the sister of Nathaniel Venable Watkins.","Addition 2008.308 contains material for the Read, Daniel, Ballentine and Watkins families. The donor organized the papers and this order has been maintained.","Asks cousin if he will act as agent for their joint property in Virginia; encloses ten dollars for taxes on this property; tells of wave of immigration to California and Oregon; inquires about prices of negro boys and girls in Virginia; states the price in Missouri; and says this it is too high there.","Tells of his arrival at the University, his course load and his lodgings, including his roommate, Mr. Tallaferro (?) of Tidewater; relates his impressions of the University and surrounding area; asks that his family write to him.","Describes, rather disparingly, Christmas season in Prince Edward Court House; gives various items of family news; encourages Nathaniel to perservere in his studies at the University of Virginia; explains that Nathaniel has better future prospects than he does.","Scope and Contents Tells of trains being occupied with troops heading toward Petersburg and for the Peninsula, therefore he may not be able to travel toward Petersburg or Richmond; reports rumor of fighting near Newport News, but states that no one known anything; hopes that God will bless his wife and children in this trial. Including letter from Nathaniel V. Watkins, Richmond, Virginia, to Nannie V. Watkins, Townesville, North Carolina, Sunday evening, including news of travel to Richmond and descriptions of his acquaintances. Note: Addressed in error to Townesville, Virginia.","Gives description of his surroundings and plan for improving camp; talks of possibility of fighting soon on the Peninsula, Yorktown and of reinforcement of Fort Magruder; talks of the food available; describes the officers of his company; requests some items.","Describes his activities, such as standing duty; talks of prayer meetings which are held in the tent of the Orderly Sergeant; states that most of the Officers are pious; writes of potential fighting on Peninsula; requests that his wife and children write him more often.","Complains that he has received no mail in a couple of weeks even though others receive it; talks of the fighting on the Peninsula and their role across the river in detail; mentions his feeling of indifference before battle; tells Nannie not to be alarmed by news in papers, but only to rely on word of those in his company; mentions his deep desire to see her and the children.","Discusses possibility that the mail is responsible for his lack of letters; exhorts Nannie not to believe rumors in papers; states that troop morale is good and reinforcements come; mentions that all ladies have been banned from their lines and that most men are well; hopes that all is well at home; tells Nannie how important she is to him.","Talks mostly about how much he misses Nannie; mentions possibility of fighting in Gloucester Point; states that all men are well except Johny Booker (?) who is being sent to Richmond.","Describes in great detail activities and fighting on the Peninsula; mentions the Yankees' use of hot air balloon and sighting of two war steamers. Including, April 13, 1862, acknowledges letter from Nannie, narrates Sunday's activities including preaching, Bible study and prayer meetings; tells Nannie to have her father take control of their farm; asks negroes at home and sends his love; mentions General Joseph E. Johnston, the Peninsula fighting and alledged Confederate victories in the West.","Writes of his activities at home; asks father to visit him, says he is a good boy; illustrates letter with two small pictures.","Acknowledges receiving his letters; asks for another letters soon; writes of visiting a sick friend; narrates several items of family news.","Describes his surroundings, the big (York) river and ships on the river; (does not mention the Peninsular campaign or his activities therein); asks Charley to watch out for his little sister, continue to learn, and to mind his ma and grandma. Illustrates bottom of letter with picture of a horse.","Gives many details of everyday life; mentions that her mother is unwell; describes activities of two brothers also fighting in war; mentions a friend who might be converted.","Gives detail of his activities over the past few days; mentions enemy shelling of Confederate troops on Peninsula on Sunday evening perhaps to lower morale; tells of exchange of fire with enemy steamers; discusses increase in his relgious feelings due to his current situation. Including, April 16, 1862, acknowledges receiving Nannie's letter; thanks her for expressing her support of him and of his cause; asks about things at home on their farm; sends his love to the negroes; expresses feeling that he will be home in six months.","Scope and Contents Asks Nannie to excuse the manner in which he writes as he is often interrupted by boys talking to him; acknowledges receiving her letter; tells of great joy in camp because almost everyone received mail; states that mail is an incredible morale booster; asks Nannie to have her and her childrens' photograph taken for him; mentions that Gloucester Point was quiet, but that there was heavy fighting on the Peninsula; reports figures of those killed and wounded on both sides; says that Colonel McKinney of the 5th North Carolina (?) regiment killed in the fight; reports that their fortifications are twice as strong as when he arrived three weeks ago; mentions his view of Yorktown, York River and the Yankee Fleet; gives entire menu of the day's meals in detail. Including April 19, 1862, mentions large amount of reinforcements arriving from the Army of the Potomac and that General Ambrose Powell or Daniel Harvey (?) Hill is in Yorktown; tells of arrival of another first rate married man in his company; relates camp stories; says that all men are well and that he would be enjoying camp life like the others if he had not left so much behind.","All are well in camp except Daniel Booker who has the mumps; yesterday was a gloomy day for him, but that generally he feels as content and happy as others in the camp; asks for a bottle of ink and an ink stand; says that there is no news of interest because they do not know what is happening on the Peninsula; reports that he receives his Christian Observer regularly and enjoys it as it looks like home; describes a visit in Richmond as the cost of several purchases made there; comments on the cruelty of this war; asks for news of his children and negroes; explains decrease in their rations due to increase in army.","All is quiet both in his camp and on the Peninsula; notes seeing many transports carrying Yankee soldiers on the river; asks for more news and details from home; mentions his lack of trust in newspaper reports; complains of constant noise, bustle and confusion; asks for more news from home; inquires about his negroes and exhorts them to keep everything straight; writes that he is sorry he didn't see them before he left; describes being shelled by Yankee steamers; mentions increase in religiousness of a friend.","Discusses religious activities, such as Bible study and sermons, and mentions that several men have made confessions of faith; gives advice to Nannie on how to handle their separation, educate the children and states that they should be thankful for their fate which could be worse; states that Peninsula is still quiet, but that fighting must take place soon; the men are confident; says that Confederate lines are more strongly fortified than at Manassas and Centreville; army numbers eighty to a hundred thousand and is armed with enough amunition, cannons and artillery; mentions possibility of iron-clads; gives names of commaders-- General Joseph E. Johnston commands Army, General Hill the left wing resting on the York River, General James Longstreet the center, and General John Bankhead Magruder the right wing resting on the James River. Including letter dated April 28, 1862, exhorts Nannie to write longer letters and more frequently; gives detailed instructions for cultivation of his farm.","Describes negative, poor morale of men after they heard news of New Orleans defeat; expresses disappointment at increasing amount of profanity among men and that this will not help their cause with God; tells of his visit to Yorktown and Captain Baskerville; states that men in Yorktown are in good spirits, but more exposed to the weather; writes of several religious activities; comments on the beliefs of his officers. Including letter, April 30, 1862, mentions that he could see the enemy when he visited York; states that tomorrow he will have been in the service for one month.","Writes that they were issued muskets for a forced march; reports that they began the march, but turned back and now remain in camp; does not know reason for march; assures her he will be fine.","Gives details of their march from Gloucester Point; describes hospitality of people of King and Queen County as they passed through; says he does not know reason for leaving the Point; tells of several deserters; gives his love to his family and says they should all be grateful (incomplete).","Scope and Contents Now in the Army of the Peninsula, the Grand Army; describes various activities such as listening to sermons, visiting acquaintances in surrounding camps, bathing, and drilling; says his company has been divided into two-- one half, including our boys, to be left artillery, the other armed with muskets; mentions 18th Virginia Company and 23rd North Carolina Company; describes sight of six or seven thousand men on drill; reports that they are having an easier time in Light Artillery than the infantry have; knows nothing about whereabouts of army.","Writes of news received for Peninsula campaign including names of those wounded in their community; gives much family news regarding illnesses, gardens, etc.","Describes a miserable march and the manning of his gun; says that men stood the march well; says if he is made infantry he will attempt to transfer to another company; doesn't see how this force of eight or ten thousand can he whipped by any force. Including letter, April 18, 1862, gives instructions of where to write him; expresses concern for those at home due to outbreak of fever.","Describes the situation in the camp; says that he and the men are well; states that he cannot visit Richmond as he must be accompanied by an officer and have a pass signed by his captain and by General Hill and General Robert Emmett Rodes and this is almost impossible; gives two reasons for officers wanting to keep men in camp-- impending battle and to keep men away from liquor in Richmond; states his desire and work to transfer to another regiment to be in artillery.","Dissatisfied with his regiment because it is now infantry and because of selfishness at their captain; mentions also that he feels superior and better qualified than many of his officers; states that his friend Doc is at home on a 20 day furlough because of his dysentery (incomplete).","Writes of his homesickness and concern that he loves her and his family too much, and that he would trade all the glories won in all battles for an hour at home with his wife and children; mentions health precautions of drying his feet well; writes again of his transfer attempts; says that he and most of the men have been suffering from diarrhea.","Describes in much detail, the daily activities of camp for the past three days; mentions a failed attempt to join an artillery unit. Including letter, May 28, 1862, gives instructions for care of farm; requests more news from home, tells of busyness of camp. Enclosure: Two newspaper clippings from the Central Presbyterian.","Says that he is in Richmond due to a pain caused by passage of gravel from the kidneys to the bladder, a routine and not serious problem among men in the army; mentions a skirmish near the Chickahominy River where the Yankees were whipped; says they have been getting enough to eat despite rumours to the contrary; says morale is good; they are confident of holding Richmond; the tide of victory has turned in their favor and war will be over in a short time; thanks God for protecting his health and family; relates story of a fight where thankfully his company was spared. Including letter, June 2, 1862.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter of May 26 which encouraged him greatly; discusses his dislike of infantry service and desire to obtain a substitute; mentions that he has recovered from last week's illness; gives brief account of fighting on May 31 and June 1, Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks), although his party escaped involvement; gives more instructions of management of his farm. Including letter, June 5, 1862, requests new pair of shoes and blacking. Including letter, June 6, 1862, requests chewing tobacco and a blanket; tells of his stay in Richmond.","Mentions comfortableness of present camp compared to some others; describes in more detail the Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks) on May 31 and June 1; notes location of enemy (Union troops); comments on what they gained-- 200 prisoners, a commissary, tents and some artillery; describes prisoners, says that they are not better educated and certainly not more moral than southerners; tells of eating oranges and drinking good coffee obtained from the enemy; mentions death of a man in his mess from having his leg amputated; says that he is very thankful that he was spared from battle; thanks wife and family for all their prayers.","Has been transferred to Captain Bagby's company, Colonel Thomas Goode's Regiment Wises' Brigade; says he is now satisfied to be infantry because it is needed more and is happy to be out of the Chickahamoniy swamps; mentions that brother Dick's regiment is camped nearby and they have been able to see each other.","Explains family's nighttime prayers for his (NVM) safety; gives news of family members; describes her activities at their farm and general farming conditions; mentions a man from Clarksville who was visiting and buying provisions for the government.","Tells of much sickness in camp which he had luckily escaped; mentions improvements of new location, especially availability of good food; discusses the fact that his regiment probably won't fight soon due to their weakened condition and lack of training in infantry; expresses thankfulness again that his company was spared involvement in the recent battle in which there was much loss of life; acknowledges receipt of wife's letter and praises her support; sends his love to his family.","Tells of Doc's visit from Richmond, and thanks Nannie for the clothes and supplies she sent; repeats that it is impossible for him to get a furlough unless he becomes sick or obtains a substitute; gives a new address for his mail; exhorts her to write as often as possible, and to have faith that God's will will be done and will be good; acknowledges receipt of her letter and is sorry to hear that the negroes are sick with dysentery; gives instructions on the running of the farm; describes the helpfulness and attentiveness of woman and young girls with the sick in Richmond.","Describes in detail the health or sickness of various family members and friends; gives an acount of a recent battle (Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks)) which appeared in a letter from brother Dick (Richard W. Watkins).","Mentions that they have moved their camp a mile or so and are now on the James River; says that he likes his officers except for their profanity and that his new captain was generous in granting Johnny Booker a discharge and Abe suck leave; requests that she send Mr. Hayson some food to repay him for his kindness; mentions officers again and gives an unfavorable report, but does say that they are pious and allow the men religious freedom; states that things are run more efficiently with better food and medical care now that they have been fully reorganized; says that discipline is strict and duties light; feels that he is managing in the army better than he expected to; gives more instructions for the care of the farm.","Describes a night reconnaissance maneuver to observe the enemies activity on the river (James); says that he enjoyed the experience and getting out of camp; tells of dream he had while sleeping out in the clover which reminded him of home; asks Nannie to write him; inquires after the activities and work on his farm; gives instructions for work to be done on the farm; writes that he is well and describes condition, illnesses and wounds of others; wishes he could be at home; discusses possibility that sickness in camp is a result of lack of vegetables in their diet; tells of eating half-ripe cherries for which he would have shipped his negroes.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter for which he had been waiting for a long time; expresses concern for her health; exhorts her not to conceal her problems from him; mentions that he would prefer it if she would live at the farm if she is not too lonely as it would be better for the negores; expresses his growing disgust with army life, the injustices and officers failing in their duties to their men; says he is lucky to be removed from the main body of the army because he is able to get plenty of butter, chicken; gives prices of several food items; says he doesn't understand why there is so little fighting, while men wait ready and die of exposure; describes building of fortifications at Chaffin's Bluff; gives detailed instructions for the running of the farm; sends his love. Includes a postscript from June 27 with news of a friend.","Gives more news from camp; acknowledges receipt of her letter of June 19; sends his love to his family and negroes. Letter is virtually illegible; ink is extremely light.","Tells that his regiment avoided a great battle yesterday which occured 2-3 miles down the James River (one of Seven Days' Battles-- on June 30 June McClennon inflicted heavy losses on the Confederates while withdrawing across the Chickahominy River to a new base at Harrison's Landing on the James) because they were on pickett duty; mentions that there has been heavy fighting for the past week; hopes that they are demoralizing McClellan's army and that this will end the bloodshed; notes that he takes meals with overseer's family when he comes out on pickett; thanks God that he was spared; exhorts Nannie to have faith that all will be well; sends his love; gives news of some comrades.","States that he has returned to camp and received her letter; details the battle which raged from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. with a short intermission; notes that there is no definite word on the result, but he does not think they gained much; hopes that they will meet again soon.","States that enemy has been driven back and demoralized; says that losses have been estimated at not less than 10,000; writes that his regiment has not participated in any of the battles; describes a feeling of pain he has due to his separation from his family; wishes the North would realize the impossibility of conquering the South; describes strength of the position of fortifications at Chaffin's Bluff; requests news from home about their reaction to the battles and about the farm and family.","Expresses his weariness with the war and his desire to return home; states that he thought that furloughs would be possible after the battle (Seven Days' Battles) because McClellan's forces should no longer pose a threat; adds that McClellan's forces were not as devastated as he had first thought; discusses the slow mail service; writes that there were no religious services this Sunday; adds that there have been services off and on in the past, but nothing regular since they left Gloucester Point; states that there is a ditching party working this Sunday, but fortunately he has never been asked to work on the Sabbath; laments that they have been without a regular chaplain; feels that this would aid the men immeasureably; sees the army as a great missionary field; requests a pair of shoes and a box of blacking; sends his love.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter of June 19; notes that the difficulty with the mail must be near her; states how thankful and uplifted he was to receive such an ecouraging letter full of news from home; gives thanks that he and their friends have been spared from the battle and sickness; requests that Nannie answer his former questions about the farm; gives detailed instructions on things to be done on the farm; writes that they are now moving one mile to a nicer campsite; believes that McClellan's forces are stronger than the papers admit, but demoralized; tells how he and Doc (his friend) often exchange letters and talk about their wives which keeps their spirits up; sends love to family and friends.","Acknowledges receipt of her letter of July 3; thanks her for answering his questions; requests that she answer his remaining questions; writes that it is impossible for him to get a furlough at present because there are many sick in his company and regiment; states that eight men died in the last nine days; adds that most of their men have been absent from home much longer than he has; asks her to kiss the children for him.","Scope and Contents Discusses his application to Colonel Goode, through his Lieutenant for a furlough; states why it was denied; mentions that he will not despair yet; mentions that he is in very good health and that the new cause of sickness is fever; states that since he cannot come home she must bring the children to Richmond to see him; mentions that they do receive visitors at the camp. Including letter, July 13, 1862, writes of his Sunday spent on watch in the country; laments that he is cut off from all religious priviledges; thanks Nannie for sending so much news of home; hopes that their time will come soon to see each other. Enclosure: July 7, 1862. Pattie Watkins, at Mount Pleasant, Prince Edward County, Virginia, to her brother, Nathaniel V. Watkins. Details the sickness, care and death of their niece Mildred from diptherla; writes how much good it does both her and their mother to receive his letters; gives news of sickness, wounding and death of neighbors and friends.","Describes his conversation with Colonel Goode and aborted trip to Richmond in search of a furlough; writes that he has asked Mrs. Howlson to ask the Secretary of War about his case; mentions that after denying his furlough, Colonel Goode made a visit to Mecklenburg; believes that McClellan will make one more effort to take Richmond before giving up, either from the James RIver or from Fredricksburg, or attempt to cut off Petersburg; describes everyday camp life; feels that is a splendid gymnasium for young men and invalids. Includes letter, July 17, 1862, mentions another death from sickness; requests that his son, Charley, write to him; gives some instructions for the farm.","Letter almost completely illegible.","Describes another attempt to attain a furlough; requests that his wife look into finding a substitute for him as others have them; says he would be able to bear army life better if he could get home for a week every five months or so; tells of his activities in camp; states that the war in Virginia is quiet at this time.","Discusses his latest attempt to gain a furlough which was unsuccessful; again asks Nannie to seek a substitute for him and also ask her father's advice on the subject; complains about being kept in camp when they are doing so little, only drilling and ditching; states that they have meat about once a week, otherwise they mostly eat bread. Including letter, July 26, 1862, telling of the hot weather; states that the Yankees must be suffering more from it; writes that General Wise would not let them ditch during the worst of it. Letter is unfinished.","Acknowledges receipt of three letters from Nannie in six days; thanks her and reminds her how much they encourage and help him; tells of the captain's brother who has been spending a great deal of time at their camp both preaching and handing out tracks (tracts); describes the rotation of guard duty; writes of attempts to start a Bible study and prayers at night in the tents, but adds that there are too many interruptions to make this possible; describes Sunday's dinner. 3 pp. AL. Including ALS, [July 28, 1862], adding that he would give anything to see his family, but that a furlough, even if a substitute is provided, is out of the question at present; writes that he likes the idea of Nannie coming to Richmond and bringing the children, as he might be able to meet her there for a day.","Writes that her letters bring him much joy and that his happiness depends on her; adds that he would love to see Minnie (his daughter) as she learns to walk and talk; states thay he would still rather see his wife than anyone else. Including letter, July 30, 1862, discussing his lack of ability to concentrate due to the crowds of men who often engage in profane talk even though he is in one of the most moral companies; describes being interrupted by the field artillery Wise's Brigade which were practicing nearby; tells her about artillery and how the guns work; adds that he is glad she is not home alone.","Writes that he keeps all her letters and often re-reads them when he doesn't get new ones; describes the say as rainy; adds that his tent is often crowded and he is growing to hate crowds; discuss the arrival of some good food; asks Nannie to send him a box of fruit and vegetables from home to Richmond through a friend there; tells the prices of food stuffs which he feels are high; notes that due to presence of a large army in the area it is difficult to obtain food stuffs; Instructs Nannie on what to do with his flock of sheep on their farm. Including letter, August 1, 1862, reporting that he was awakened the previous evening by gunfire down the river and sending his love to his family.","Acknowledges receipt of Nannie's letter and is glad because she thought that perhaps Nannie or Nathaniel were sick; discusses sickness of their brother, Dicks, also a soldier and illnesses of friends, neighbors, and relatives; describes their new Methodist preacher; states that she likes their refugees very much; discusses crops; sends her love.","Scope and Contents Relates his growing disatisfaction with life as a soldier, the profanity around him and their idleness during the day; writes that he feels like a dying man who must fight in order to keep from smothering. Including letter, August 4, 1862, mentions again the captain's brother who has his headquarters at their camps and distributes tracks to soldiers; again asks Nannie to send him a box with fresh food which is not available in camp; hopes that Aunt Mary will do as his wife has done and entrust the care of \"her boysamp; to the heavenly Father; writes about the Sunday sermon; wishes she could have heard it; asks Nannie to encourage preacher to divide time between their camp and another; says that it would do the men good because although most of the privates and some officers are Christians, the regimental officers are profane and godless men; sends his love.","Writes regarding the condition of Henry who is sick; feels that he should stay in camp until he is well enough to travel; gives news of Daniel Booker who is on sick leave from the regiment; states that his is recovering nicely; discusses the prices and condition of crops in the area; mentions his visit to Nancy (Nathaniel's wife) and children; gives his regards to Dock and Sam.","Acknowledges receipt of several letters; writes that he is on picket to stop soldiers from stealing fowl; describes activities of regiment; likes peacefulness of forest; wishes Nannie could be with him; discusses again whether it is right to get a substitute; says he does not regret joining the Army and that every man should do his part; states that he is happy with his company; desires only to do his duty and then come home not to win military fame; writes of his new found love and appreciation for his wife; wishes he could be with her. Including letter, August 8, 1862, describing Boulware's farm. (Incomplete.)","Scope and Contents Notes that they have been living better due to some reinforcements from King and Queen County; discusses Nannie's moving to live with her father. Including letter, August 10, 1862, discussing the receipt and distribution of the boxes of fresh fruit and vegetables which Nannie had sent; mentions the Sunday sermon; speaks of a rumor he'd heard that said he had been discharged from the Army. Including letter, Nathaniel V. Watkins, at Camp Chafin's Farm, to his son Charley Watkins, August 9, 1862, describing his life around camp and asking Charley to be a good boy and learn to read and write.","States that he will only be able write short notes for a few weeks as he will be occupied as recorder for court marshall proceedings with General Evans as president of the court; writes that here had been considerable movements of troops in all directions, but he has not yet heard what it means; describes the passing through of about 140 Yankee officers on their way to be exchanged; sends his love.","States that she thought he had been sick or transferred to Jackson; writes that she is relieved he has not been; states her gratfefulness for his letters which are so full of love and encouragement; gives news from home, especially of children's activities; mentions that she will attempt to persuade Mr. Hines to go to her husband's camp as a regular preacher; agrees that the Army is a good opportunity to do good; says that the negroes would like to have been at the sermon and meeting he mentioned in his last letter; states that she is happy that he is where he is; believes it is Providence and that all is in God's hands.","Writes about how it seems that everyone has gotten home except he; feels that this separation has caused them to recognize and appreciate their love; states that the court marshall is not keeping him as busy as he had anticipated; mentions possibility of Nannie meeting him in Richmond. Including letter, August 15, 1862, describing a good dinner he had the evening before; requesting Nannie to send stewed tomatoes; adding that his regiment is the only one to be doing detached work, the others have all been sent to Jackson; writes that the enemy soldiers are of the lowest classes and that they cannot possibly know the devastation of war which has all been fought on southern soil; wishes for peace now; inquires about his crops.","Discusses court marshall cases which are keeping him busy; writes of box full of food which sis[ter] Sue sent; believes that his battalion is being kept by the river for defensive purposes; writes that their separation is becoming harder to bear, notes that he has not been home because he has been blessed with health; believes that they will remain stationary for at least a month otherwise all the court marshalls would not be being held.","Discusses the progression of the war; mentions that a North Carolina Brigade (Martin's) is on opposite side of the river; feels that Yankees are waiting for reinforcements before they strike; notes that their numbers are increasing too, but he is not sure where they are coming from; says that he has been feeling a but sick, but it is nothing serious; requests some items he will be needing for the winter; company is again feeling up to par; wishes he could be home for the coming winter.","Very pleased to have acquired a new tent, which sleeps four comfortably; remarks how well a soldier sleeps; acknowledges receiving her letter of August 14, 1862; this is a lonesome and empty year for him; Doc (?) has been offered the appointment to Lt. General of the 25th North Carolina regiment, but has not accepted yet; rest of army has moved to other side of river, and their regiment is the last remaining area; Yankee troops have given up the fight for Richmond from below; McClellan has moved his base; says that he is feeling much better since he wrote last; acknowledges receiving letters from Daniel (?) and Mr. Booker (?), who speak of despair in the country; does not yet know when a furlough will be offered to him, but he receives one day in winter; remembers fondly days of abusing the Yankees; sends his love.","Acknowledges receiving her letter of August 27, 1862; glad to have heard from Martha (?); Doc (?) did accept his newly assigned post and is now in Richmond; begs his wife to tell him if troubles arise at home; concerned with their runaway slave Tommy; gives some suggestions for the upcoming harvest; her Pa (?) might consider getting more help, because the negroes \"for their own sakes\" should not be left alone; has received a two day pass and will be going to Richmond to get away from camp; wishes he could break the blockade and go home; asks if his wife and children might come to Richmond; thinks it would be best to sell crops for cash to the neighbors; no war news to report; sends his love.","Happy to hear he has received the box of vegetables so soon; their borther Dick visited but was not looking well; Dick did get several new recruits among the prisoners; illness has struck hard amny of their friends and cousins, but their neighborhood and immediate family are fairing well; have had some severe rains which have damaged Mr. Redd's (?) tobacco crop, but the corn crop is excellent; fruit is scarce, partly due to a drought; Horace Booker (?) was involved in the Battle of Cedar River, and took General Prince.","Speaks of the children Charley and Minnie and how they are handling the situation; fears Minnie may forget him; hopes the war does not continue though Lincoln's administration as some tell her; she misses him and sends her love. Including letter from Charley Watkins, to his father, Nathaniel V. Watkins, is having a good time at his grandpa's but misses his father.","Concerned with certain aspects of the war; relays news of family and friends; gives details of crop situations.","Relays news and health of family and friends; news of the battles of Manassas and Warrenton Springs have reached the family; gives details of crop situations.","Describes his camp life and the wildlife surrounding the camp.","Concerned with his continued denial of a furlough; troubles with the mail service are arising; advises his wife on farm matters and especially on crops of tobacco and wheat; problems concerning his slaves and their runaway slave Tommy are mentioned; also discusses using negroes in camp; describes his abundance of free time in camp; his court work continues; descriptions of the camp, camp members, and surrounding area are made; camp provisions are discussed, such as various clothing and food stuffs; many religous functions are taking place in the camp; mentions battles and fighting around Williamsburg, Manassas, Harper's Ferry, and Washington; mentions uprisings in both Kentucky and Missouri; prisoner exchanges are taking place; believes peace is coming soon.","Fears spread of diptheria, scarlet fever, and measles; conveys news of family and friends; news that corn and tobacco crops are doing well; detailed descriptions of making cloth and dyeing are given.","Concerning a request for a furlough.","Chances for a furlough are becoming slim; sickness, namely remittent fever has hit the camp as well as himself; camp life such as new housing, company provisions, and numbers of news arrivals is discussed; mentions that provisions such as warm clothing are needed from home; concerned with the sale of his slave Tommy; news of the war is increasingly discouraging; details of a new exemption bill are discussed; resuming his work with the court; advises his wife on crops of tobacco and wheat as well as their orchard of apples and peaches; pros and cons of using a substitue are given.","Has sent him the provisions he requested; suggests he should transfer to the Prince Edward cavalry, under the command of General J. E. S. Stewart (Stuart); relays family news.","Attempts boosting his morale and advises him on his problems with getting a furlough; fears that the Yankees will attempt cutting off Richmond from the rest of the South; suggests he not purchase any more slaves and instead should invest in land which is more valuable; slaves as a property are uncertain; relays family news, health of negroes and children.","Relays family news; mentions Brother Dick's opinion of General \"J. E. B.\" Stewart (Stuart) and his raids into Pennsylvania; sickness is hitting friends and family hard; there is a spirit of marrying about; prices for tobacco are high; there is a real need for salt.","Sees no signs of war ending any time soon, and in fact, the North seems even more united; news concerning his negroes is discussed in detail; obtaining a substitute does not look possible at the present time; their new housing has been completed; they are starting up a literacy club to pass time; the weather is getting worse; discusses his limited company duties; describes the court in which he works, speaks of slave use in camp and at the court; relays news of friends in his company; religious events which occur in camp are explained; has been quite depressed; glad to hear of his wife's growing independence; worried about hs mounting debt; gives farm advice; asks for certain provisions from home; frustrated with his continued denial of a furlough; troubles with the mail continue; tells of the blockading of the James River by using both \"sharp-shooters\" and submarine batteries; discusses the extensive ditches and breastworks surrounding Richmond; wishes to sell 300-350 of his 1200 acres; there is no news concerning military battles; mentions the Charlotte cavalry.","Is very concerned with the fact that his wife has been ill; seeks his wife's advice in many matters; while there is an abundance of clothing, the scarcity of shoes is an extreme problem; unless he receives a furlough, is determined to leave the service; continued improvments in camp are carried out; is quite critical of certain commanders; describes religious activites in camp; relays news of his tobacco crop and its going rate; still eager to sell some of his land and pay off his debt; gives details concerning their literary club; discusses, in detail, their execution of firing drills; mentions the Seven Pines; is coping with the bad weather rather well, unlike the negroes in camp; complains about provisions of beef, pork, and lack of butter and sugar; postage is getting high; frequent resignations of generals are taking place; Pickett's division is moving from Richmond to Charleston, South Carolina; signs of peace are becoming more apparent; there are wide-spread rumors of disaffection in the Northwest; gives advice concerning farm and crop trip are given; refers to his stopping at the Wolf Trap depot; (?) in his part of the army; refers to the Southern Literacy Messenger and claims it is a very good paper; Yankees have crossed at Fredricksburg, Virginia and there is a threatened advance being made by Burnside [?]; troops in Richmond and Petersburg are being moved to aid Gen[eral] Lee; there is also action taking place on the James River.","Asks advice on certain family matters; relays family news; dyptheria is becoming quite common among children; tells of troubles with certain negroes as well as the use of negroes in fortifying Weldon; relays facts of a neighbor's will, including provisions for his children and negroes.","Relays news of brother Dick and his fellow soldiers running the blockade for cheaper provisions; updates her on family news; both the weather and roads are poor; refers to the Prince Edward cavalry and the Lee Guards; the weather is contributing to an increase in poor health.","Relays news of their mother's illness as well as other family matters; the poor weather is contributing to an increase in illnesses; refers to the Prince Edward troop and Lee Guards.","Fears his children will forget him; writes of the camp surroundings and the \"big guns;\" wishes his son to learn his letters; has sketched a rough picture of a sickly dog they named Yankee.","Concerning his activities at home.","Is delighted to hear that his wife's health is improving; his chances for a furlough are increasing with the new lottery system; gives details of their shrinking Bible classes and prayer meetings in camp; artillery work is being done around camp; the weather continues to cause problems, especially to their new housing; gives details of the camp's winter provisions; relays stories of his times on guard duty; the size of their company continues to grow; comments on the lack of gentleman remaining in the camp; makes other judgements of camp companies; there is little going on, in and around camp; the mood in camp seems to be low; his health is generally good; gives advice to his wife concerning the next season's crops as well as possible land sale; is attempting to acquire a little negro to care for his wife while she is recovering; their daughter Minnie has also apparently been ill; recommends his wife acquire the Southern Literacy; is unhappy to learn that some of his negroes have been drafted to work on fortifying Weldon; a land dispute has erupted at home which he believes his wife can handle; Southern women will have to accept more responsibility when the war is over; prospects for peace are brightening, possibly by late spring or summer; it is believed also that Lee's army is in better health and spirits than it has ever been; there is a good deal of movement occurring with the Confederate troops; gives details of numerous army and especially naval victories for the South; the union army is rumored to lose 300,000 men by May 1, due to the end of their terms; there is also unrest growing in the northwest and Kentucky, due in part to the raising of black troops; the enemy has also given up on the idea of taking Richmond by way of Fredricksburg. 8 items, ALsS; 2 items, ALs.","Is worried about the late snow, which is proving harmful to their livestock and planting; whooping cough is running rampant among the negores; and they are beginning to get ill as well; relays family news; understands brother Nathaniel V. Watkins has bought a furlough; gives account of brother Dick's (?) charge of a regiment of Yankees; has heard news of friends in the north; refers to the gratifying tobacco prices in the region.","Comments on making it through the extremely harsh and wet winter, which has put off planting; understands he has received a furlough; they are having problems with the spread of whooping cough.","Gives a detailed account of brother Dick and his brigade's attack on a Yankee party; this attack was under the command of a General Fitz Lee; refers to a battle at Kelly's Ford, where the Confederate troops did not fare so well; relays news of family and friends, including those who have been wounded and killed; refers to charges made by the Prince Edward Cavalry, and the reactions made by General Jeb Stuart; the family is suffering with colds and the whooping cough; the children, especially the negro children, are suffering the greatest.","Is upset that he has not received a letter from her as of late; fears the problem lies with the postal service; bustle and confusion are present in his quarters; changes with leadership are occurring in camp; the Confederate army is in desperate need of naval officers; has been in the service for a year now and is growing quite tired of army life; desperately wishes war would end; relays news of certain camp members; gives details of recently received packages from Richmond; receives a furlough for the 16th of March; health continues to be well; states that recruiting is a suitable way for officers to receive long furloughs; there are few men left to recruit, due to the new Conscript Act; weather improves but then grows worse again; no fighting is expected in the area; there is a growing tiredness of war, yet pride keeps the soldiers loyal; relays details of his return to camp; have been given permission to cultivate their own gardens; his faith in God is growing stonger; asks for provisions from home; as well as news concerning his farm; is growing quite worried over the spread of diptheria among children; provisions in camp are becoming scarce; gives his wife some farm advice.","Due to the weather, the camp, especially the roads, need work; has cut down on his chewing of tobacco at his wife's request; provisions in camp continue to worsen; he refuses to eat any of the meat supplied to the camp; due to the weather and condition of the roads, there is little movement among the armies; have kept the enemy in check during the winter; the cases of diptheria have begun to lessen, and he hopes his family is doing well; planting in the surrounding area has begun.","Regretfully informs him of the death of their son Charley R. Watkins.","Relays news of health of family and friends; is concerned about Nannie V. Watkins and her health; the children there are finally getting over the whooping cough, but now suffer with cases of chicken pox and scarlet fever; the planting of their crops has begun; gives details of a cavalry unit from South Carolina which was stationed near their home; speaks, in detail, of a southern sympathizer in Baltimore.","Was sorry to learn of the death of his son Charley R. Watkins, but is happy to hear that his daughter Minnie H. Watkins was feeling better; gives details of how Nannie V. Watkins is reacting to Charley's death; is grateful that God has spared his own family.","Was very sorry to hear of Charley R. Watkins's death; the children there have nearly recovered from the whooping cough.","Informs him that their orders to evacuate the bluff have been cancelled; expresses his regrets at Charley R. Watkins's death; wishes him well and hopes he enjoys his stay at home.","Attempts desperately to console him; knows how he feels, because her child Lilie (?) also has passed away; hopes the area's health will improve with the coming of warmer weather.","Was shocked and upset to learn of his son Charley R. Watkins's death; attempts comforting Nathaniel; writes of his service in the cavalry and the state of the Confederate troops; states what a great negative effect the death of General \"Stonewall\" Jackson has had on the army; gives details of General \"J. E. B.\" Stuart and his attempts to raise a large cavalry force, including his own, the Hampton brigade, and Fitz Lee's brigade; writes of the difficulties in acquiring newspapers; it has been rumored that Lincoln has called out an additional 500,000 troops; refers to his service on a board which examines and condemns horses which are unfit for service.","Insists that Nannie come and stay with her; relays news of the family; the children there are getting well again; writes of the religious services held in the area; the crops in the area are suffering from a lack of rain; it's been very cool and dry; it seems to be more difficult acquiring furloughs; is having trouble getting summer cloth woven in time.","Hopes Nannie V. Watkins will come for a visits and that he will be able to join her; a hailstorm has damaged the wheat and watermelon crops; the corn crops are doing well; the health of the family is generally good; states that she will be sending him provisions.","Scope and Contents Wishes to visit her sister-in-law Pattie Watkins but thinks it wise to wait until late July or August, when they should be over the whooping cough; their daughter Minnie H. Watkins had again taken ill but has fully recovered; have commenced cutting wheat but the rain is slowing them down; the crops of corn and pumpkin are doing well; refers to soldiers running the blockade and confiscating Yankee provisions; relays news of family and friends; the neighborhood id getting healthy again; deeply mourns the death of their son, Charley R. Watkins; gives details of church services held in the area; states how much his family, the Smileys (his overseer), and his negroes love and miss him; refers to her boarding of Confederate soldiers; has had a problem with one of the negroes burning down his house; is ashamed of the luxury in which she lives compared to the hardships soldiers must face; assumes he is keeping up with his Bible class; expresses her dislike for the \"drinking and profane officers;\" mentions the task of exchanging their wool for cotton; Smiley (their overseer) has been possibly ordered into service, and Nannie will have to watch over the farm; will send him the shoes he needed; has heard that the war effort is going well; Grant is weakening in the west and Lee is in control of the east; is hopeful about their success at Vicksburg and their holding of Fredericksburg; refers to the tyranny of the Yankee troops and the actions taken against the Southern civilians; expresses doubt concerning the actions of West Tennessee; God will see the South through the war and deliver them the victory; the prospects for peace are very bright.","Gives details of his return to camp following his short furlough; travelled with 500 Yankee prisoners which were to be exchanged; refers to the Yankee raids in VIrginia; his duties in camp have increased; the victory at Fredricksburg was both a boost and damaging to the Confederate troops, due to the death of \"Old Stonewall\" discusses his chances of acquiring another furlough; refers to the dependent condition of their negroes; all the men in camp are in fine spirits; wishes to invest his money in Confederate bonds; is interested in the movement of Pickett's division; poor provisions are being offered to many companies; believes war will end by late summer; writes about various camp members and friends; fears there may be another battle at or near Fredricksburg soon; General Robert E. Lee is increasing his cavalry forces; refers to the numerous Confederate victories; relays the experiences of a Confederate prisoner's stay in a Yankee camp; it is rumored that Yankee's are holding 7,000 negroes on Canary Island; states the Quarter Master is quite inefficient; refers to a Congressional Act concerning provisions for paying off debts; in anxious to hear of matters concerning his farm and crops; fears for the wheat crops in the South; wishes his wife to visit his sisters in Prince Edward County, Virginia; misses his son, Charley R. Watkins, very much; needs provisions from home.","Scope and Contents Relays family news; gives her reactions to the fall of Vicksburg; refers to the wet and warm weather which kept them from working on the crops; due to the rainy weather, the rivers are impassable; gives details of a company of soldiers and their stay overnight; one of the neighbor's negro woman has run off; have commenced weaving their cotton; are experiencing little ailments, but are generally in good health; wishes he would visit. Including letter from Millie Watkins, to her brother, Nathaniel V. Watkins. Is a little under-the-weather but will write soon and wishes him to do the same.","There was a massive transport of Confederate troops to Richmond, due to a new Yankee advancement on the capital; refers to a Yankee attack of a bridge over the Southhanna River; does not speak well of the general in charge at Richmond; fears Richmond may be taken; states that Southerners are much too secure in their thoughts and actions; is hopeful now that Robert E. Lee has entered Pennslyvania; gives details of a North Carolina cavalry unit's stay at their farm; Robert E. Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania is believed to be going well; papers of both the North and South are writing in terms of peace; men returning home for horses are not finding this task easy; has learned that Vicksburg has fallen; there South must put their faith in God and assume He will make the right decision; is disgusted with those who feel the South will lose; is relieved to hear that Lee has recrossed the Potomac; the Southern people are growing tired of the war; it is rumored that Yankees are advancing on Weldon; refers to President Jefferson Davis' proclamation calling for another day of fasting and prayer; frequent raids are being made by the Yankees; fears defeat; the extreme amounts of rain are causing problems with the crops; gives details of the neighbors; often refers to her dead son Charley R. Watkins and their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; relays news of their family and friends, as well as the ailments afflicting them; have begun hiving bees; gives news of church matters; conveys news of the livestock; mentions the scores of family and friends killed, wounded or taken prisoner at the Battle of Gettysburg; rivers have become impassable; there are many cases of theft occurring; gives details of her visit home to Brookland [?]; refers to the work being done by the negroes; a survey and sale of a parcel of his land has taken place; refers to the cruel treatment exercised on a neighbor's negro.","Relays details of a visit by relatives; recent deaths and illnesses affecting friends and family are discussed; facts concerning the schooling in the area are given; refers to the numerous soldiers killed in \"the Battle\" (of Gettysburg); relays church news; mentions that state of their vegetable gardens; hopes he is over his chills.","Is quite worried about the sickness prevailing within her family; distemper; has killed a great number of their cows and oxen; their crops are suffering as much as she assumes they are in North Carolina; refers to the neighbors aiding them with their recent problems; relays news of visits by family and friends.","Ransom (?) has driven the Yankees from Weldon (?); is becoming increasingly impatient for the end of the war; they have heard gunfire nearby; the war effort is not going well; refers to a gunboat battle on the James River; recounts again how many of their friends were killed in the Battle of Gettysburg; hopes for an exchange for those soldiers who were taken prisoner; believes the South must once again renew their faith in God if the war is to be won; refers to the upcoming \"fast day\" and hopes it will be faithfully observed; is quite worried about her husband and \"the chills\" which he has been experiencing; mentions frequently the number of friends who are coming down with dysentery, diptheria, and typhoid fever; gives a detailed account of recent deaths; recent church news is given; the schooling of the local children has once again commenced; gives a detailed account of the progress in their crops of wheat, corn, tobacco, and oats; there is a shortage in their stock of sheep as well, due to the stealing of the sheep by runaway negroes; often mentions their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; is considering visiting family in Prince Edward County, Virginia; refers to the necessity of weaving their own cloth; mentions the increasing number of robberies in the area including the illegal entry into their own home; is delighted to learn that furloughs are again being issued.","Receives news of Nathaniel's hopes for a furlough or substitution; makes many references to their children; relays family, church and neighborhood news; sickness in the area continues, and the negroes are being hit hard; discusses schooling in the area; news of the crops is minimal; refers to troop movement and Nathaniel's move to Charleston, South Carolina; is angered at those young men escpaing military duty; mentions artillery fire in the area; refers to the \"sharp-shooters\" in Charleston; Beauregard (?) will save Charleston; states that \"our officers are strict;\" refers to the duties of her husband is performing; is quite worried about Nathaniel's health; refers to her chores at home; mentions a neighbor's trip to Petersburg and the Natural Bridge; the well-being of their negroes is discussed, as well as the trouble some negroes are causing; relays news of theft in the area; believes the war effort is still going well; reminds Nathaniel to avoid the temptation of alcohol.","Relays church news; refers to the well-being of friends and neighbors; home chores and laboring on the crops continues; mentions their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; refers to the emptiness of many local stores; schooling of the children continues; gives details of the trading being done at the \"Fork\" a local election is taking place; stealing is occuring by the female negroes; updates on their negroes are made; is having problems finding someone to manage the farm another year; refers to revivals taking place in the army; lectures her husband on attending his Bible class and on the evils of drinking; discusses Nathaniel's hopes of getting a furlough or substitute; relays news of General Beauregard's efforts at saving Charleston; fear of a \"great battle\" in Tennessee is growing; mentions a fight at Chattanooga (?); is pleased to learn Nathaniel has accepted a higher and less taxing position; is worried that he has sent to Jones' Island, \"the most dangerous place around Charleston.\"","Gives details of Richmond's and Petersburg's attempt to feed General Robert E. Lee's troops at Christmas; relays news of his condition to camp; is worried about the fact that their caretaker has been sent into the army; the number of furloughs granted has increased; is sorry to hear of the unrest in the neighborhoods; refers to the desertions being made to the enemy; there is a real need for more horses; asks for many provisions; the army appears to be still optimistic; gives instructions concerning his crops; refers to the intense fighting going on around him at Chaffin's Farm and Welson.","Refers to the fail of Atlanta; comments on recent Yankee advancements; the chase between Early (?) and Sheridan (?) is ongoing in his area; contemplates and reflects on the times they live in; wonders about the success of \"Old Bob\" (Robert E. Lee) and his tactics of war; refers to the plundering done by Yankees; the cost of a calvary are proving to be too much.","Is continuing his religious committment in camp; frequently comments on his hopes for a furlough or Nannie visiting; camp life is often discussed; advises Nannie on what to do with his crops and other farm matters; refers to the fail of Atlanta, Georgia, Savannah, Georgia, and possibly Petersburg, Virginia; spirits are still high and the number of desertations have lessened; is upset over the greed and corruptness spreading throughout the southern people and officers; negroe sales are becoming difficult; believes negroes should be fighting along with Confederate soldiers; flood damage is affecting travel; refers to talks and fears of Reconstruction and emancipation; a delay in payment is hurting the Confederate army; sharp-shooters are mentioned frequently; Richmond may have to be evacuated; feels the war will end soon; discusses weaknesses of the South; provisions are needed; rumors of an armistice are surfacing; feels President Lincoln is reloading his army; refers to General Wise and his hopeful speeches; the local railroads may be taken; gives advice on how to properly raise their daughter Minnie H. Watkins; fighting has increased in area; mentions an exchange of prisoners; refers to the strengths of the armies; news has spread of General Sherman and his march through the South; gives a description of General Robert E. Lee and his command.","Is frequently updated on family news; wishes his wife to visit him; due to the recent epidemic of measles, is worried about his daughter Minnie H. Watkins; feels the Southern people are not doing enough for the cause; is quite hurt by the conduct of his negroes at home; gives advice on his crops; asks for provisions; is worried over the disappearance of his negroes; the overuse of trains has slowed the mail; soldiers remaine determined; desertions have ceased; Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia, have artially have been evacuated; restraints have been placed on the press; worries about General Sherman are rising; relays news of religion in camp; rains are damaging the roads and is restricting the movement of troops; mentions a victory at Kinston (?); refers to North Carolina Governor Vance's appeal for provisions for General Lee's army; gives news of shelling incident in camp.","Relays news of his move from Petersburg, Virginia; refers to Early's (?) disasterous campaign in western Virginia; gives a description of camp life; there are a number of surrounding forces; sharp-shooters are constantly at work; gives farm advice.","Many railroads have been seized by the enemy; rumors are spreading of Yankees around Richmond, Virginia; it is rumored that General Sherman has been defeated; Confederate troops are hopeful; relays news of his regiment and their fighting; hopes to raise a negro regiment are rising; religious news in camp is discussed; relays news of his time of the picket line; heavy fighting continues around Petersburg, Virginia; refers to General Robert E. Lee's fight with General Sherman; the southern people put much faith in General Lee; intense shelling of cities are occuring; troops are encouraged by victory at Petersburg, Virginia.","Relays news of family visits; refers to health conditions; the Prince Edward County, Virginia cavalry is on display; gives update on crop conditions; insists that Nathaniel takes care of his tobacco; relays news of the commotion being caused by the freed negroes; are having many problems with the Yankees; likes President Andrew Jackson better than President Abraham Lincoln; Johnson understands the negro.","Relays farm news; health problems are prevalent in the family; children's progress in school is continuing; refers to religious event taking place; bankruptcies are spreading.","Is worried and anxious to hear from her family since the war has ended; relays news of sickness in the family; gives miscellaneous family news; life after war is rough; salaries are smaller and prices are higher; puts her faith in God.","Refers to problems Nathaniel is having with increasing debts; tells Nathaniel to put his faith in God; he is doing much better; has formed a Conservative Party in hopes of defeating the new Constitution of the Radicals; relays farm news.","Discusses his move to Farmville and 212 acre plantation he has acquired; matters are going well; refers to Nathaniel's debt problem and the sale of his land; invites Nathaniel and his family to live with him; complains of the cough and cold he has had since the war.","Mentions a compromise made with his creditors; the exchange of land, livestock, and money are involved; is taking advantage of the Bankruptcy Act; his family is sick with colds; prefers staying at his own home rather than moving in with Richard; hopes to open a little school and take in boarders.","Things are going well; gives news of family and friends; relays church news; is concerned about her garden and fowls; mentions how their daughter Minnie and Nannie are doing.","Relays news of his crops and her garden; refers to sicknesses in the neighborhood; updates her on the family and neighborhood news; mentions his involvement in the church; is having a problem with debts; drought conditions and later heavy rains damage his crops; refers to his tenant farmers and their inadequate work compared to slave hands; blames negroes and Yankees for the hard times; there is a lack of both old and new scholars; is unhappy to be separated from his wife and children; refers to the condition of his livestock; gives advice on the raising of their children; is busy organizing church records of membership.","Encourages Nathaniel to keep his land soley owned and not to go into partnership; mentions the numerous problems in the area all stemming from sickness and the Yankees; advises Nathaniel on his debt problems; they must all put their faith in God; death is running rampant through areas of Virginia; his own child had died; refers to the effects of the death of General Robert E. Lee; the search for wealth is overshadowing the need for character; mentions his dislike for the new state Constitution; gives crop news; discussses the many problems with finding labor; relays family news.","Refers to numerous family matters and chores; mentions the quiet Christmas they spent; discusses the health of the family; since negroes are moving further south, laborers are scarce; there is a shortage of ice; gives news of schooling in the area; the mild winter was appreciated.","Refers to the religious revivial in the area; comments on Nathaniel's debt problems; relays family news; drought conditions continue; their sisters are not well and have gone to certain springs to recover; mentions the celebration of their mother's 81st brithday; discusses their garden and livestock; relays crops news; there are a great many deaths around Farmville and Richmond, Virginia.","Is spending time at the spring to recover from her spell of pneumonia; she has also developed breast cancer but hopes the water will cure it; pleads with Nathaniel to watch over their mother.","Reports a death in the family; diptheria is taking its toll on the neighborhood; her health is improving; relays family news; mentions the status of their crops and livestock.","Refers to Nathaniel's school and thanks him for admitting Eddie (?); relays family news.","They are having trouble filling seats of administration in Formsville; carpet baggers and scalawags are only ones avaliable; gives his detailed advice on raising an orchard; relays crop news; the drought continues; his legal matters are not yet cleared up.","Was sorry to learn of the death of their child; instructs them to put their faith in God; is concerned with their sister Patty's recovery; relays church news.","Relays family news; mentions the chores keeping her busy at home; refers to the growth of Farmville, Virginia; congratulates him on the arrival of his new daughter; the weather has been bad; discusses Nathaniel and the teaching he's doing for her sons Eddie and Henry.","Is happy to hear of Nathaniel's good health; relays family news; mentions the growth of Farmville, Virginia; gives details on the schooling of the local children; there is a scarcity of laborers; refers to her chores at home; writes him a copy of a letter informing them of their sister's death; various members of the family are ridden with ailments.","Mentions the numerous chores her husband has recently given her; her health is suffering; relays news of their crops, garden and livestock; updates them on the family news; is upset that the family seldom sees each other.","Questions the progress made by his sons Eddie and Henry in at Nathaniel's boarding school; also inquires about the payment.","Discusses the health of the family; apparently Minnie's mother, Nannie V. Watkins, is accomodating a houseful of people; relays family news; is upset with the condition of her fowls.","Rainy weather is preventing planting; refers to the poor health of the children as well as other family members; relays news of family visits.","Gives details of her trip to visit her aunt and uncle, Nannie V. and Nathaniel V. Watkins; refers to Nathaniel's boarding school; relays crop news; Nathaniel feels he is extremely over-worked.","Updates her on the events at home; relays news of his tobacco crop; refers to the progress of his boarding school and other schooling in the area.","Nathaniel's continuous working is giving him health problems; they are living in extremely hard times; he must continue teaching due to the poor tobacco crops; relays miscellaneous farm news; gives details of event taking place at his club metting; mentions the difficulties in sending his daughter, Minnie H. Watkins to Farmville, Virginia, for schooling; his family is quite poor but happy; believes life for him is worse than life in Prince Edward County, Virginia; does not trust the corrupt railroads; gives advice on his daughter's studies.","Scope and Contents Describes, in detail, their little cousin Asa Watkins; relays family news and news of other children in the area.","Wishes she and her family would move back to Virginia and close to him; refers to the bad temperament of his son Asa; gives details on his garden; mentions how many beautiful children there are in his neighborhood.","Is sorry to hear of her mother's (Nannie V. Watkins) poor health; suggests more servants and family visits would help her; requests that Minnie come to school near him; is doing quite well due to good crops and good health; relays neighborhood and family news; despite the hard times they are keeping their spirits up in the area; mentions a meeting of the stockholders in the Richmond and Danville Railroad; hopes his son (Asa Watkins) will be a machinist as they are so desperately needed in the South.","Informs Nathaniel of the declining health and eventual death of their mother (?); recalls how blessed they were with good parents; refers to the many virtuous qualities held by their mother; refers to Nathaniel's offer to teach his children; relays the studies and future plans of his daughters; is sending his daughter to school in Lynchburg, Virginia, for music training; the hard times make it impossible to visit one another; the crops are poor in the surrounding country; gives family news; goes over financial matters with Nathaniel; mentions his numerous farm chores; prices are quite low for tobacco; refers to his mounting debts; the abundance of lawyers in Farmville, Virginia, is hurting his law business; refers to their quiet Christmas at home; is disgusted with the number of \"demagogues and negroes\" filling the legislature; fears Catholics will be next.","His financial problems continue; apparently, farther south, matters are a little better because speculation and development are higher; his farm is serving as an expense rather then a source of profit; must continue teaching to pay for farm expenses; refers to his recent nervous breakdown due to over-work; mentions the horrors of teaching; relays family news; although he would like to, he is too poor to relocate; refers to his crops of cotton, tobacco and molasses; mentions the upcoming railroad from Keysville (?) to Clarksville (?).","Is sorry to hear of Nathaniel's bad health; has been forced to give up his low profession and concentrate on his farming; mentions his poor health; refers to the troubles of their sister, Pattie Watkins Scott and the nursing of her husband (?); is now taking in boarders and is teaching; relays crop news; is getting poorer each year; refers to an attempt to form a Farmer's Club; deer hunting seems to be the last profitable venture in Virginia.","Gives details of the schooling and boarding of their children.","Relays family news; refers to their good cotton crop in the area.","Refers to her running the farm and matters of the household; is also maintaining a school in the house; mentions her declining appearance; has been forced to raise her step-son Emby (Scott) in a strange manner; gives details of her garden and livestock; is upset that she seldom sees her even closest family; refers to the declining health throughout the family.","Informs him of her father's (?) death.","Responds to Richard's request for a loan; refers to family illnesses; discusses her trip to Texas; apparently times in Texas are not as hard; also revisited Mobile and states its people are \"real Virginians.\"","Scope and Contents Thanks them for sending Emma Watkins to care for them while they are ill.","Refers to the loss of her daughter Lizzie and Nathaniel's son Charley R. Watkins; relays family news; mentions her family's religious practices; refers to the schooling of her children; times have been hard since the outbreak of the war; prices are higher and children are being forced to work; can no longer keep servants. Includes letter from Mary Ballantine, to her uncle, Nathaniel V. Watkins informing him of her sister Lizzie's death.","Wishes she could visit; relays family news; her health is improving.","Relays family news; are having a rough winter which is hurting their crop beds; refers to the schooling of their children; mentions the chores performed by the family.","Often mentions the prospect of Nathaneil's receiving a furlough; refers to a woman's chore of weaving at home; relays news of schooling going on; negroes are fortifying Raleigh, North Carolina; mentions her many chores at home; relays news of their crops and livestock; is relieved to learn that the Ironsides have been forced to leave the area of Charleston, South Carolina; relays family and neighborhood news; there apparently are a number of southern deserters; are having trouble with the theft of poultry in the area; refers to her Pa's effort to get him a substitute; believes the South is fighting God's war; fears Nathaniel will get too lazy; often refers to the progress of their children Charley R. Watkins and Minnie H. Watkins; is worried about Nathaniel's poor health; makes many references to their happy life before the war; is very upset at the number of men in the South escaping their military duty; is upset at the religious unrest in the South since the outbreak of war; relays news of sickness and death spreading throughout the neighborhood.","Encourages him to continue the study of his letters.","Relays family news both before and after the war; discusses money matters; relays news of their provisions in camp; refers to the South's greatest victory at Manassas, Virginia; although the Yankee army is rumored to be quite large, Nathaniel believes they are \"despirited and demoralized\" refers to success in Kentucky; makes references to General Robert E. Lee's expertise; believes an attack of Maryland, Ohio, and Pennsylvania is coming; refers to the North's destruction of Northern Virginia; puts his faith in God; relays news of his company's activities and camp life; is worried about the increased depreciation of Southern currency while prices of goods are still rising; they are suffering for supplies in Lee's army; relays religious news of the camp; gives advice on farm matters at home; mentions his long hours of picket duty; refers to the increased sickness of home.","Relays both good and bad news concerning crops in the area; discusses financial matters; wishes he could visit; refers to the problems of his livestock and negros eating away at his farm; relays news of his crops and livestock.","Refers to his son (Asa Watkins) and his numerous amusements; relays neighborhood news; is behind in his farm work; low tobacco prices add to the already hard times.","Refers to the increasing hard times they are living in; mentions the many demoralized Negroes; her children are frequently sick; sickness is prevalent throughout the South; relays family news; refers to the Southern hatred of Yankees.","Relays news of her caring for an ailing neighbor friends have also been wounded in battle; many horses are dying in battle; there has been an increase of sickness in area.","Scope and Contents An envelope for a weekly offering made by Nannie V. Watkins at Shiloh Presbyterian Church, two school compositions written by Minnie H. Watkins, an invoice of goods bought by Nathaniel V. Watkins, two news items reporting the death of Dr. Elisha Ballantine, a note written by a parent requesting prayer for their conversation, four items of miscellaneous verse and two unidentified fragments.","Including one written February 16, 1866, telling of \"poverty\" and \"straightened circumstances\" and one referring to the death of his mother, Mildred Morton Watkins.","Mentioning measles epidemic of 1858 which affected the health of 18 Negroes and his political views during the war. Also letter from Thomas W. Daniel, Monterey, Virginia, to his cousin, Nathaniel V. Watkins.","Washington College (Washington and Lee College), commenting on slavery and giving advice to his son at college. Also includes letter from Patty Watkins.","Other letters from his brother-in-law Elisha Ballantine, sisters Susan M. Watkins and Pattie Watkins.","Also letter from from Mildred S. Watkins to her granddaughter Minnie H. Watkins.","To his brother Nathaniel V. Watkins from Richmond, 1848, Prince Edward and Charlotte, 1848 and 1850, Philadelphia, 1854, and South Carolina, 1857; to his mother Mildred Morton Watkins from Cuba, 1858.","Includes letter from Nathaniel's mother (Mildred Morton Watkins).","Also letters from Mildred S. Watkins.","Sarah S. Skinner served as a governess in James B. Daniel's home in the 1850's, to Nannie (Daniel Watkin's) and from Martha H. Bliss, Shelburne, Vermont, to Nannie Daniel Watkins, Waterloo, North Carolina.","Including letter to Nancy Daniel Watkins from an old schoolmate about Sarah Skinner, a New England governess, letter from C. A. Watkins of Missouri to his cousin Richard Watkins, copy of will of Henry N. Watkins of Oldham, Prince Edward, copy of deed of five slaves to Nathaniel and Nannie Watkins by James B. Daniel, and letter from J. 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Courtenay, Lawrence Smith (Professors at the University of Virginia); and Richard H. 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