{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Gresham+Incunabula+Pages%2C+1482%2F1502\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Gresham+Incunabula+Pages%2C+1482%2F1502\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":1,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_5","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Gresham Incunabula Pages, 1482/1502","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_5#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_5#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains 17 individual incunabulum book leaves printed in Italy and Germany from 1482 to circa 1502.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_5#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_5","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_5","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_5","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_5","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_5.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gresham Incunabula","title_ssm":["Gresham Incunabula Pages"],"title_tesim":["Gresham Incunabula Pages"],"unitdate_ssm":["1482--ca. 1502"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1482--ca. 1502"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1482/1502"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gresham Incunabula Pages, 1482/1502"],"text":["Gresham Incunabula Pages, 1482/1502","MS-11","/repositories/4/resources/5","Printing -- Italy","Marginalia","Printing -- Germany","Printing -- 1450-1500","Rare Books","Rubrication","Wood-engraving","Paper","Incunabula","Digital images are available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically.","Haebler, Konrad. The Study of Incunabula. Translated by Lucy Eugenia Osborne. New York: The Grolier Club, 1933.","National Diet Library of Japan. \"Incunabula – Dawn of Western Printing.\" Last modified  August 4, 2005. http://www.ndl.go.jp/incunabula/e/index.html.","In Latin, the term incunabulum (plural: incunabula) refers to a cradle, source, or birthplace. The earliest examples of metal-type printed books prior to approximately 1501 are commonly known as incunabula. The earliest incunabula date from the 1450s, when Johann Gutenberg of Mainz is generally credited as first introducing metal-type printing to the world. By the 1460s, printing had entered Italy and by the 1470s had spread throughout the rest of Europe.","Early incunabula clearly reflect the transition from illuminated manuscripts to metal-type printing. One example of this is the use of guide letters, or small letters located within surrounding white space. Guide letters provided the option for a book to be hand-rubricated (or embellished) using red or blue ink. In later incunabula, rubrication also took the form of decorative woodcut capital letters. Columns and printed marginalia (margin notes) were also adapted by printers from medieval manuscripts. Latin contractions and abbreviations were frequently utilized by medieval scribes in order to save both space and time. Incunabula printers continued their usage and created typefaces that also included contractions and abbreviations.","For further information on the history of incunabula, Haebler's The Study of Incunabula offers an in-depth analysis and overview. Haebler was an early twentieth-century incunabula typographic expert from Germany. In addition to an overview of incunabula, the National Diet Library of Japan's \"Incunabula – Dawn of Western Printing\" website also features invaluable lists and images of incunabula typefaces.","The original incunabula collection was purchased from a dealer by Mr. Gresham before being donated to University of Richmond in 1987.","Attempts have been made to reconcile information given by the original dealer with the ISTC. Incunabula title names have been derived from the ISTC while Library of Congress Name Authority Headings has been used for author and printer names.","Processed by Erica L. Johnson.","The following complete incunabula are also available in the Rare Book Room:","Nider, Johannes, approximately 1380-1438. Praeceptorium divinae legis, sive Expositio decalogi. Basel: Berthold Ruppel, -1494 or 1495, circa 1472.\nISTC in00196000","Bernardino, de' Busti, approximately 1450-1513?. Rosarium sermonum [Part I of II only]. Venice: Giorgio Arrivabene, active 1483-1520, 1498.\nISTC ib01336000","Antonius, de Bitonto, approximately 1385-1465. Sermones dominicales per totum annum. Venice: Boneto Locatelli, active 1486-1523 for Nicolaus von Frankfurt, active 1473-1516, 1499.\nISTC ia00894000","This collection contains 17 individual incunabulum book leaves printed in Italy and Germany from 1482 to circa 1502. The incunabula leaves printed in Venice are by Scotto, Bertochus or Pagnini[?],Benalius, Arrivabene, Faelli, and Pinzi. There is one leaf from Rome by Silber and one leaf from Florence by Miscomini. In Germany, Koberger printed one leaf in Nuremburg, Grüninger printed one leaf in Strassburg, and Otmar printed one leaf in Tübingen.","The majority of the leaves are from incunabula with religious subject matter, but a small amount relate to ancient Rome. The collection is arranged chronologically with bibliographic information for the incunabulum the leaf is from. Additionally, an Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC) number has been listed for each incunabulum represented.","Many of the leaves in the collection contain marginalia, rubrication, as well as woodblock printing. Some of the leaves also contain hand-drawn maniculum, or hands used to point to relevant passages. One of the more interesting examples of marginalia is found in File 4, which contains a leaf from Cassian's De institutis coenobiorum. In addition to handwritten Latin notes and maniuculum, four doodles of men's heads are found on both the recto and verso of the leaf. Woodblock printing is found throughout the collection in the form of illustration and rubrication. A small woodblock illustration of a man being attacked in his bed is found on the verso of a leaf from Livy's Historiae Romanae decades in File 8. This leaf also has woodblock rubricated capital letters, as do the leaves in Files 7, 9, and 12. Files 11 and 14 contain leaves with hand-rubricated capital letters in red that reflect a tradition taken directly from illuminated manuscripts. All files contain one leaf, with the exception of File 6 which has two. These unique features are also noted in the Collection Inventory.","The collection was originally purchased from a dealer by William Dew Gresham (1925-1986), a University of Richmond alumnus and former assistant librarian as well as book collector. They were donated to the University of Richmond in 1987.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains 17 individual incunabulum book leaves printed in Italy and Germany from 1482 to circa 1502.","An Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC) number has been provided in the collection inventory for each leaf. It may be used in the British Museum's ISTC for further information about the incunabula such as additional incunabula references from Hain and Goff.","University of Richmond","Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986","Latin"],"collection_title_tesim":["Gresham Incunabula Pages, 1482/1502"],"collection_ssim":["Gresham Incunabula Pages, 1482/1502"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-11","/repositories/4/resources/5"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-11","/repositories/4/resources/5"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_ssm":["Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986"],"creator_ssim":["Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986","University of Richmond"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The incunabulum leaves were donated as part of the William Dew Gresham Collection to the University of Richmond in 1987."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Printing -- Italy","Marginalia","Printing -- Germany","Printing -- 1450-1500","Rare Books","Rubrication","Wood-engraving","Paper","Incunabula"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Printing -- Italy","Marginalia","Printing -- Germany","Printing -- 1450-1500","Rare Books","Rubrication","Wood-engraving","Paper","Incunabula"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 Leaves",".5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["17 Leaves",".5 Linear Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["17 books leaves"],"date_range_isim":[1482,1483,1484,1485,1486,1487,1488,1489,1490,1491,1492,1493,1494,1495,1496,1497,1498,1499,1500,1501,1502],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital images are available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital images are available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eHaebler, Konrad. The Study of Incunabula. Translated by Lucy Eugenia Osborne. New York: The Grolier Club, 1933.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eNational Diet Library of Japan. \"Incunabula – Dawn of Western Printing.\" Last modified  August 4, 2005. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ndl.go.jp/incunabula/e/index.html\"\u003ehttp://www.ndl.go.jp/incunabula/e/index.html.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Haebler, Konrad. The Study of Incunabula. Translated by Lucy Eugenia Osborne. New York: The Grolier Club, 1933.","National Diet Library of Japan. \"Incunabula – Dawn of Western Printing.\" Last modified  August 4, 2005. http://www.ndl.go.jp/incunabula/e/index.html."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn Latin, the term \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eincunabulum\u003c/emph\u003e (plural: \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eincunabula\u003c/emph\u003e) refers to a cradle, source, or birthplace. The earliest examples of metal-type printed books prior to approximately 1501 are commonly known as \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eincunabula\u003c/emph\u003e. The earliest incunabula date from the 1450s, when Johann Gutenberg of Mainz is generally credited as first introducing metal-type printing to the world. By the 1460s, printing had entered Italy and by the 1470s had spread throughout the rest of Europe. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEarly incunabula clearly reflect the transition from illuminated manuscripts to metal-type printing. One example of this is the use of guide letters, or small letters located within surrounding white space. Guide letters provided the option for a book to be hand-rubricated (or embellished) using red or blue ink. In later incunabula, rubrication also took the form of decorative woodcut capital letters. Columns and printed marginalia (margin notes) were also adapted by printers from medieval manuscripts. Latin contractions and abbreviations were frequently utilized by medieval scribes in order to save both space and time. Incunabula printers continued their usage and created typefaces that also included contractions and abbreviations. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor further information on the history of incunabula, Haebler's \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eThe Study of Incunabula\u003c/emph\u003e offers an in-depth analysis and overview. Haebler was an early twentieth-century incunabula typographic expert from Germany. In addition to an overview of incunabula, the National Diet Library of Japan's \"Incunabula – Dawn of Western Printing\" website also features invaluable lists and images of incunabula typefaces.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In Latin, the term incunabulum (plural: incunabula) refers to a cradle, source, or birthplace. The earliest examples of metal-type printed books prior to approximately 1501 are commonly known as incunabula. The earliest incunabula date from the 1450s, when Johann Gutenberg of Mainz is generally credited as first introducing metal-type printing to the world. By the 1460s, printing had entered Italy and by the 1470s had spread throughout the rest of Europe.","Early incunabula clearly reflect the transition from illuminated manuscripts to metal-type printing. One example of this is the use of guide letters, or small letters located within surrounding white space. Guide letters provided the option for a book to be hand-rubricated (or embellished) using red or blue ink. In later incunabula, rubrication also took the form of decorative woodcut capital letters. Columns and printed marginalia (margin notes) were also adapted by printers from medieval manuscripts. Latin contractions and abbreviations were frequently utilized by medieval scribes in order to save both space and time. Incunabula printers continued their usage and created typefaces that also included contractions and abbreviations.","For further information on the history of incunabula, Haebler's The Study of Incunabula offers an in-depth analysis and overview. Haebler was an early twentieth-century incunabula typographic expert from Germany. In addition to an overview of incunabula, the National Diet Library of Japan's \"Incunabula – Dawn of Western Printing\" website also features invaluable lists and images of incunabula typefaces."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original incunabula collection was purchased from a dealer by Mr. Gresham before being donated to University of Richmond in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The original incunabula collection was purchased from a dealer by Mr. Gresham before being donated to University of Richmond in 1987."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox 1, [Folder Number], MS-11, Gresham Incunabula Leaves Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box 1, [Folder Number], MS-11, Gresham Incunabula Leaves Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAttempts have been made to reconcile information given by the original dealer with the ISTC. Incunabula title names have been derived from the ISTC while Library of Congress Name Authority Headings has been used for author and printer names.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Erica L. Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Attempts have been made to reconcile information given by the original dealer with the ISTC. Incunabula title names have been derived from the ISTC while Library of Congress Name Authority Headings has been used for author and printer names.","Processed by Erica L. Johnson."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following complete incunabula are also available in the Rare Book Room: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNider, Johannes, approximately 1380-1438. \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003ePraeceptorium divinae legis, sive Expositio decalogi\u003c/emph\u003e. Basel: Berthold Ruppel, -1494 or 1495, circa 1472.\u003cbr\u003e\nISTC in00196000\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBernardino, de' Busti, approximately 1450-1513?. \u003cemph\u003eRosarium sermonum\u003c/emph\u003e [Part I of II only]. Venice: Giorgio Arrivabene, active 1483-1520, 1498.\u003cbr\u003e\nISTC ib01336000\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAntonius, de Bitonto, approximately 1385-1465. \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eSermones dominicales per totum annum\u003c/emph\u003e. Venice: Boneto Locatelli, active 1486-1523 for Nicolaus von Frankfurt, active 1473-1516, 1499.\u003cbr\u003e\nISTC ia00894000\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The following complete incunabula are also available in the Rare Book Room:","Nider, Johannes, approximately 1380-1438. Praeceptorium divinae legis, sive Expositio decalogi. Basel: Berthold Ruppel, -1494 or 1495, circa 1472.\nISTC in00196000","Bernardino, de' Busti, approximately 1450-1513?. Rosarium sermonum [Part I of II only]. Venice: Giorgio Arrivabene, active 1483-1520, 1498.\nISTC ib01336000","Antonius, de Bitonto, approximately 1385-1465. Sermones dominicales per totum annum. Venice: Boneto Locatelli, active 1486-1523 for Nicolaus von Frankfurt, active 1473-1516, 1499.\nISTC ia00894000"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains 17 individual incunabulum book leaves printed in Italy and Germany from 1482 to circa 1502. The incunabula leaves printed in Venice are by Scotto, Bertochus or Pagnini[?],Benalius, Arrivabene, Faelli, and Pinzi. There is one leaf from Rome by Silber and one leaf from Florence by Miscomini. In Germany, Koberger printed one leaf in Nuremburg, Grüninger printed one leaf in Strassburg, and Otmar printed one leaf in Tübingen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the leaves are from incunabula with religious subject matter, but a small amount relate to ancient Rome. The collection is arranged chronologically with bibliographic information for the incunabulum the leaf is from. Additionally, an Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC) number has been listed for each incunabulum represented.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the leaves in the collection contain marginalia, rubrication, as well as woodblock printing. Some of the leaves also contain hand-drawn \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003emaniculum\u003c/emph\u003e, or hands used to point to relevant passages. One of the more interesting examples of marginalia is found in File 4, which contains a leaf from Cassian's \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eDe institutis coenobiorum\u003c/emph\u003e. In addition to handwritten Latin notes and maniuculum, four doodles of men's heads are found on both the recto and verso of the leaf. Woodblock printing is found throughout the collection in the form of illustration and rubrication. A small woodblock illustration of a man being attacked in his bed is found on the verso of a leaf from Livy's \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eHistoriae Romanae decades\u003c/emph\u003e in File 8. This leaf also has woodblock rubricated capital letters, as do the leaves in Files 7, 9, and 12. Files 11 and 14 contain leaves with hand-rubricated capital letters in red that reflect a tradition taken directly from illuminated manuscripts. All files contain one leaf, with the exception of File 6 which has two. These unique features are also noted in the Collection Inventory.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection was originally purchased from a dealer by William Dew Gresham (1925-1986), a University of Richmond alumnus and former assistant librarian as well as book collector. They were donated to the University of Richmond in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains 17 individual incunabulum book leaves printed in Italy and Germany from 1482 to circa 1502. The incunabula leaves printed in Venice are by Scotto, Bertochus or Pagnini[?],Benalius, Arrivabene, Faelli, and Pinzi. There is one leaf from Rome by Silber and one leaf from Florence by Miscomini. In Germany, Koberger printed one leaf in Nuremburg, Grüninger printed one leaf in Strassburg, and Otmar printed one leaf in Tübingen.","The majority of the leaves are from incunabula with religious subject matter, but a small amount relate to ancient Rome. The collection is arranged chronologically with bibliographic information for the incunabulum the leaf is from. Additionally, an Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC) number has been listed for each incunabulum represented.","Many of the leaves in the collection contain marginalia, rubrication, as well as woodblock printing. Some of the leaves also contain hand-drawn maniculum, or hands used to point to relevant passages. One of the more interesting examples of marginalia is found in File 4, which contains a leaf from Cassian's De institutis coenobiorum. In addition to handwritten Latin notes and maniuculum, four doodles of men's heads are found on both the recto and verso of the leaf. Woodblock printing is found throughout the collection in the form of illustration and rubrication. A small woodblock illustration of a man being attacked in his bed is found on the verso of a leaf from Livy's Historiae Romanae decades in File 8. This leaf also has woodblock rubricated capital letters, as do the leaves in Files 7, 9, and 12. Files 11 and 14 contain leaves with hand-rubricated capital letters in red that reflect a tradition taken directly from illuminated manuscripts. All files contain one leaf, with the exception of File 6 which has two. These unique features are also noted in the Collection Inventory.","The collection was originally purchased from a dealer by William Dew Gresham (1925-1986), a University of Richmond alumnus and former assistant librarian as well as book collector. They were donated to the University of Richmond in 1987."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_06815a4df87f0cd210a949cf104b40b1\"\u003eThis collection contains 17 individual incunabulum book leaves printed in Italy and Germany from 1482 to circa 1502.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains 17 individual incunabulum book leaves printed in Italy and Germany from 1482 to circa 1502."],"materialspec_html_tesm":["\u003cmaterialspec id=\"aspace_95577d148c9f5e17f063bb3c5fa46a1c\"\u003eAn Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC) number has been provided in the collection inventory for each leaf. It may be used in the British Museum's ISTC for further information about the incunabula such as additional incunabula references from Hain and Goff.\u003c/materialspec\u003e\n    "],"materialspec_tesim":["An Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC) number has been provided in the collection inventory for each leaf. It may be used in the British Museum's ISTC for further information about the incunabula such as additional incunabula references from Hain and Goff."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"persname_ssim":["Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986"],"names_coll_ssim":["Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond","Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986"],"language_ssim":["Latin"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":16,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:40:51.481Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_5","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_5","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_5","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_5","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_5.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gresham Incunabula","title_ssm":["Gresham Incunabula Pages"],"title_tesim":["Gresham Incunabula Pages"],"unitdate_ssm":["1482--ca. 1502"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1482--ca. 1502"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1482/1502"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gresham Incunabula Pages, 1482/1502"],"text":["Gresham Incunabula Pages, 1482/1502","MS-11","/repositories/4/resources/5","Printing -- Italy","Marginalia","Printing -- Germany","Printing -- 1450-1500","Rare Books","Rubrication","Wood-engraving","Paper","Incunabula","Digital images are available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically.","Haebler, Konrad. The Study of Incunabula. Translated by Lucy Eugenia Osborne. New York: The Grolier Club, 1933.","National Diet Library of Japan. \"Incunabula – Dawn of Western Printing.\" Last modified  August 4, 2005. http://www.ndl.go.jp/incunabula/e/index.html.","In Latin, the term incunabulum (plural: incunabula) refers to a cradle, source, or birthplace. The earliest examples of metal-type printed books prior to approximately 1501 are commonly known as incunabula. The earliest incunabula date from the 1450s, when Johann Gutenberg of Mainz is generally credited as first introducing metal-type printing to the world. By the 1460s, printing had entered Italy and by the 1470s had spread throughout the rest of Europe.","Early incunabula clearly reflect the transition from illuminated manuscripts to metal-type printing. One example of this is the use of guide letters, or small letters located within surrounding white space. Guide letters provided the option for a book to be hand-rubricated (or embellished) using red or blue ink. In later incunabula, rubrication also took the form of decorative woodcut capital letters. Columns and printed marginalia (margin notes) were also adapted by printers from medieval manuscripts. Latin contractions and abbreviations were frequently utilized by medieval scribes in order to save both space and time. Incunabula printers continued their usage and created typefaces that also included contractions and abbreviations.","For further information on the history of incunabula, Haebler's The Study of Incunabula offers an in-depth analysis and overview. Haebler was an early twentieth-century incunabula typographic expert from Germany. In addition to an overview of incunabula, the National Diet Library of Japan's \"Incunabula – Dawn of Western Printing\" website also features invaluable lists and images of incunabula typefaces.","The original incunabula collection was purchased from a dealer by Mr. Gresham before being donated to University of Richmond in 1987.","Attempts have been made to reconcile information given by the original dealer with the ISTC. Incunabula title names have been derived from the ISTC while Library of Congress Name Authority Headings has been used for author and printer names.","Processed by Erica L. Johnson.","The following complete incunabula are also available in the Rare Book Room:","Nider, Johannes, approximately 1380-1438. Praeceptorium divinae legis, sive Expositio decalogi. Basel: Berthold Ruppel, -1494 or 1495, circa 1472.\nISTC in00196000","Bernardino, de' Busti, approximately 1450-1513?. Rosarium sermonum [Part I of II only]. Venice: Giorgio Arrivabene, active 1483-1520, 1498.\nISTC ib01336000","Antonius, de Bitonto, approximately 1385-1465. Sermones dominicales per totum annum. Venice: Boneto Locatelli, active 1486-1523 for Nicolaus von Frankfurt, active 1473-1516, 1499.\nISTC ia00894000","This collection contains 17 individual incunabulum book leaves printed in Italy and Germany from 1482 to circa 1502. The incunabula leaves printed in Venice are by Scotto, Bertochus or Pagnini[?],Benalius, Arrivabene, Faelli, and Pinzi. There is one leaf from Rome by Silber and one leaf from Florence by Miscomini. In Germany, Koberger printed one leaf in Nuremburg, Grüninger printed one leaf in Strassburg, and Otmar printed one leaf in Tübingen.","The majority of the leaves are from incunabula with religious subject matter, but a small amount relate to ancient Rome. The collection is arranged chronologically with bibliographic information for the incunabulum the leaf is from. Additionally, an Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC) number has been listed for each incunabulum represented.","Many of the leaves in the collection contain marginalia, rubrication, as well as woodblock printing. Some of the leaves also contain hand-drawn maniculum, or hands used to point to relevant passages. One of the more interesting examples of marginalia is found in File 4, which contains a leaf from Cassian's De institutis coenobiorum. In addition to handwritten Latin notes and maniuculum, four doodles of men's heads are found on both the recto and verso of the leaf. Woodblock printing is found throughout the collection in the form of illustration and rubrication. A small woodblock illustration of a man being attacked in his bed is found on the verso of a leaf from Livy's Historiae Romanae decades in File 8. This leaf also has woodblock rubricated capital letters, as do the leaves in Files 7, 9, and 12. Files 11 and 14 contain leaves with hand-rubricated capital letters in red that reflect a tradition taken directly from illuminated manuscripts. All files contain one leaf, with the exception of File 6 which has two. These unique features are also noted in the Collection Inventory.","The collection was originally purchased from a dealer by William Dew Gresham (1925-1986), a University of Richmond alumnus and former assistant librarian as well as book collector. They were donated to the University of Richmond in 1987.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains 17 individual incunabulum book leaves printed in Italy and Germany from 1482 to circa 1502.","An Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC) number has been provided in the collection inventory for each leaf. It may be used in the British Museum's ISTC for further information about the incunabula such as additional incunabula references from Hain and Goff.","University of Richmond","Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986","Latin"],"collection_title_tesim":["Gresham Incunabula Pages, 1482/1502"],"collection_ssim":["Gresham Incunabula Pages, 1482/1502"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-11","/repositories/4/resources/5"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-11","/repositories/4/resources/5"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_ssm":["Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986"],"creator_ssim":["Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986","University of Richmond"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The incunabulum leaves were donated as part of the William Dew Gresham Collection to the University of Richmond in 1987."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Printing -- Italy","Marginalia","Printing -- Germany","Printing -- 1450-1500","Rare Books","Rubrication","Wood-engraving","Paper","Incunabula"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Printing -- Italy","Marginalia","Printing -- Germany","Printing -- 1450-1500","Rare Books","Rubrication","Wood-engraving","Paper","Incunabula"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17 Leaves",".5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["17 Leaves",".5 Linear Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["17 books leaves"],"date_range_isim":[1482,1483,1484,1485,1486,1487,1488,1489,1490,1491,1492,1493,1494,1495,1496,1497,1498,1499,1500,1501,1502],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital images are available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital images are available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eHaebler, Konrad. The Study of Incunabula. Translated by Lucy Eugenia Osborne. New York: The Grolier Club, 1933.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eNational Diet Library of Japan. \"Incunabula – Dawn of Western Printing.\" Last modified  August 4, 2005. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ndl.go.jp/incunabula/e/index.html\"\u003ehttp://www.ndl.go.jp/incunabula/e/index.html.\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Haebler, Konrad. The Study of Incunabula. Translated by Lucy Eugenia Osborne. New York: The Grolier Club, 1933.","National Diet Library of Japan. \"Incunabula – Dawn of Western Printing.\" Last modified  August 4, 2005. http://www.ndl.go.jp/incunabula/e/index.html."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn Latin, the term \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eincunabulum\u003c/emph\u003e (plural: \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eincunabula\u003c/emph\u003e) refers to a cradle, source, or birthplace. The earliest examples of metal-type printed books prior to approximately 1501 are commonly known as \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eincunabula\u003c/emph\u003e. The earliest incunabula date from the 1450s, when Johann Gutenberg of Mainz is generally credited as first introducing metal-type printing to the world. By the 1460s, printing had entered Italy and by the 1470s had spread throughout the rest of Europe. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEarly incunabula clearly reflect the transition from illuminated manuscripts to metal-type printing. One example of this is the use of guide letters, or small letters located within surrounding white space. Guide letters provided the option for a book to be hand-rubricated (or embellished) using red or blue ink. In later incunabula, rubrication also took the form of decorative woodcut capital letters. Columns and printed marginalia (margin notes) were also adapted by printers from medieval manuscripts. Latin contractions and abbreviations were frequently utilized by medieval scribes in order to save both space and time. Incunabula printers continued their usage and created typefaces that also included contractions and abbreviations. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor further information on the history of incunabula, Haebler's \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eThe Study of Incunabula\u003c/emph\u003e offers an in-depth analysis and overview. Haebler was an early twentieth-century incunabula typographic expert from Germany. In addition to an overview of incunabula, the National Diet Library of Japan's \"Incunabula – Dawn of Western Printing\" website also features invaluable lists and images of incunabula typefaces.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In Latin, the term incunabulum (plural: incunabula) refers to a cradle, source, or birthplace. The earliest examples of metal-type printed books prior to approximately 1501 are commonly known as incunabula. The earliest incunabula date from the 1450s, when Johann Gutenberg of Mainz is generally credited as first introducing metal-type printing to the world. By the 1460s, printing had entered Italy and by the 1470s had spread throughout the rest of Europe.","Early incunabula clearly reflect the transition from illuminated manuscripts to metal-type printing. One example of this is the use of guide letters, or small letters located within surrounding white space. Guide letters provided the option for a book to be hand-rubricated (or embellished) using red or blue ink. In later incunabula, rubrication also took the form of decorative woodcut capital letters. Columns and printed marginalia (margin notes) were also adapted by printers from medieval manuscripts. Latin contractions and abbreviations were frequently utilized by medieval scribes in order to save both space and time. Incunabula printers continued their usage and created typefaces that also included contractions and abbreviations.","For further information on the history of incunabula, Haebler's The Study of Incunabula offers an in-depth analysis and overview. Haebler was an early twentieth-century incunabula typographic expert from Germany. In addition to an overview of incunabula, the National Diet Library of Japan's \"Incunabula – Dawn of Western Printing\" website also features invaluable lists and images of incunabula typefaces."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original incunabula collection was purchased from a dealer by Mr. Gresham before being donated to University of Richmond in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The original incunabula collection was purchased from a dealer by Mr. Gresham before being donated to University of Richmond in 1987."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox 1, [Folder Number], MS-11, Gresham Incunabula Leaves Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box 1, [Folder Number], MS-11, Gresham Incunabula Leaves Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAttempts have been made to reconcile information given by the original dealer with the ISTC. Incunabula title names have been derived from the ISTC while Library of Congress Name Authority Headings has been used for author and printer names.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Erica L. Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Attempts have been made to reconcile information given by the original dealer with the ISTC. Incunabula title names have been derived from the ISTC while Library of Congress Name Authority Headings has been used for author and printer names.","Processed by Erica L. Johnson."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following complete incunabula are also available in the Rare Book Room: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNider, Johannes, approximately 1380-1438. \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003ePraeceptorium divinae legis, sive Expositio decalogi\u003c/emph\u003e. Basel: Berthold Ruppel, -1494 or 1495, circa 1472.\u003cbr\u003e\nISTC in00196000\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBernardino, de' Busti, approximately 1450-1513?. \u003cemph\u003eRosarium sermonum\u003c/emph\u003e [Part I of II only]. Venice: Giorgio Arrivabene, active 1483-1520, 1498.\u003cbr\u003e\nISTC ib01336000\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAntonius, de Bitonto, approximately 1385-1465. \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eSermones dominicales per totum annum\u003c/emph\u003e. Venice: Boneto Locatelli, active 1486-1523 for Nicolaus von Frankfurt, active 1473-1516, 1499.\u003cbr\u003e\nISTC ia00894000\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The following complete incunabula are also available in the Rare Book Room:","Nider, Johannes, approximately 1380-1438. Praeceptorium divinae legis, sive Expositio decalogi. Basel: Berthold Ruppel, -1494 or 1495, circa 1472.\nISTC in00196000","Bernardino, de' Busti, approximately 1450-1513?. Rosarium sermonum [Part I of II only]. Venice: Giorgio Arrivabene, active 1483-1520, 1498.\nISTC ib01336000","Antonius, de Bitonto, approximately 1385-1465. Sermones dominicales per totum annum. Venice: Boneto Locatelli, active 1486-1523 for Nicolaus von Frankfurt, active 1473-1516, 1499.\nISTC ia00894000"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains 17 individual incunabulum book leaves printed in Italy and Germany from 1482 to circa 1502. The incunabula leaves printed in Venice are by Scotto, Bertochus or Pagnini[?],Benalius, Arrivabene, Faelli, and Pinzi. There is one leaf from Rome by Silber and one leaf from Florence by Miscomini. In Germany, Koberger printed one leaf in Nuremburg, Grüninger printed one leaf in Strassburg, and Otmar printed one leaf in Tübingen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the leaves are from incunabula with religious subject matter, but a small amount relate to ancient Rome. The collection is arranged chronologically with bibliographic information for the incunabulum the leaf is from. Additionally, an Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC) number has been listed for each incunabulum represented.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the leaves in the collection contain marginalia, rubrication, as well as woodblock printing. Some of the leaves also contain hand-drawn \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003emaniculum\u003c/emph\u003e, or hands used to point to relevant passages. One of the more interesting examples of marginalia is found in File 4, which contains a leaf from Cassian's \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eDe institutis coenobiorum\u003c/emph\u003e. In addition to handwritten Latin notes and maniuculum, four doodles of men's heads are found on both the recto and verso of the leaf. Woodblock printing is found throughout the collection in the form of illustration and rubrication. A small woodblock illustration of a man being attacked in his bed is found on the verso of a leaf from Livy's \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eHistoriae Romanae decades\u003c/emph\u003e in File 8. This leaf also has woodblock rubricated capital letters, as do the leaves in Files 7, 9, and 12. Files 11 and 14 contain leaves with hand-rubricated capital letters in red that reflect a tradition taken directly from illuminated manuscripts. All files contain one leaf, with the exception of File 6 which has two. These unique features are also noted in the Collection Inventory.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection was originally purchased from a dealer by William Dew Gresham (1925-1986), a University of Richmond alumnus and former assistant librarian as well as book collector. They were donated to the University of Richmond in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains 17 individual incunabulum book leaves printed in Italy and Germany from 1482 to circa 1502. The incunabula leaves printed in Venice are by Scotto, Bertochus or Pagnini[?],Benalius, Arrivabene, Faelli, and Pinzi. There is one leaf from Rome by Silber and one leaf from Florence by Miscomini. In Germany, Koberger printed one leaf in Nuremburg, Grüninger printed one leaf in Strassburg, and Otmar printed one leaf in Tübingen.","The majority of the leaves are from incunabula with religious subject matter, but a small amount relate to ancient Rome. The collection is arranged chronologically with bibliographic information for the incunabulum the leaf is from. Additionally, an Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC) number has been listed for each incunabulum represented.","Many of the leaves in the collection contain marginalia, rubrication, as well as woodblock printing. Some of the leaves also contain hand-drawn maniculum, or hands used to point to relevant passages. One of the more interesting examples of marginalia is found in File 4, which contains a leaf from Cassian's De institutis coenobiorum. In addition to handwritten Latin notes and maniuculum, four doodles of men's heads are found on both the recto and verso of the leaf. Woodblock printing is found throughout the collection in the form of illustration and rubrication. A small woodblock illustration of a man being attacked in his bed is found on the verso of a leaf from Livy's Historiae Romanae decades in File 8. This leaf also has woodblock rubricated capital letters, as do the leaves in Files 7, 9, and 12. Files 11 and 14 contain leaves with hand-rubricated capital letters in red that reflect a tradition taken directly from illuminated manuscripts. All files contain one leaf, with the exception of File 6 which has two. These unique features are also noted in the Collection Inventory.","The collection was originally purchased from a dealer by William Dew Gresham (1925-1986), a University of Richmond alumnus and former assistant librarian as well as book collector. They were donated to the University of Richmond in 1987."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_06815a4df87f0cd210a949cf104b40b1\"\u003eThis collection contains 17 individual incunabulum book leaves printed in Italy and Germany from 1482 to circa 1502.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains 17 individual incunabulum book leaves printed in Italy and Germany from 1482 to circa 1502."],"materialspec_html_tesm":["\u003cmaterialspec id=\"aspace_95577d148c9f5e17f063bb3c5fa46a1c\"\u003eAn Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC) number has been provided in the collection inventory for each leaf. It may be used in the British Museum's ISTC for further information about the incunabula such as additional incunabula references from Hain and Goff.\u003c/materialspec\u003e\n    "],"materialspec_tesim":["An Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC) number has been provided in the collection inventory for each leaf. It may be used in the British Museum's ISTC for further information about the incunabula such as additional incunabula references from Hain and Goff."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"persname_ssim":["Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986"],"names_coll_ssim":["Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond","Dew Gresham, William, 1925-1986"],"language_ssim":["Latin"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":16,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:40:51.481Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_5"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"University of Richmond","value":"University of 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