{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=E.+Barrett+Prettyman+Jr.+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=E.+Barrett+Prettyman+Jr.+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":5,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_100.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/107670","title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-1989","1953-1955"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1953-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"text":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers","School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs","There are no restrictions.","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the  Virginia Law Review . In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of  Brown v. Board of Education  when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of  Brown  titled  Simple Justice  (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in Brown was handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in  Brown  and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous  Brown decision was handed down.","  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in  Plessy v. Ferguson ; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.","The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns  Brown v. Board of Education  and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the Brown era will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.","There are no restrictions.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"normalized_title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"creator_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"creators_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eE. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Law Review\u003c/emph\u003e. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSimple Justice\u003c/emph\u003e (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003ewas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003edecision was handed down.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePlessy v. Ferguson\u003c/emph\u003e; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the  Virginia Law Review . In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of  Brown v. Board of Education  when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of  Brown  titled  Simple Justice  (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in Brown was handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in  Brown  and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous  Brown decision was handed down.","  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in  Plessy v. Ferguson ; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003eera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns  Brown v. Board of Education  and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the Brown era will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:11:12.292Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_100.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/107670","title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-1989","1953-1955"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1953-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"text":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers","School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs","There are no restrictions.","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the  Virginia Law Review . In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of  Brown v. Board of Education  when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of  Brown  titled  Simple Justice  (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in Brown was handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in  Brown  and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous  Brown decision was handed down.","  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in  Plessy v. Ferguson ; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.","The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns  Brown v. Board of Education  and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the Brown era will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.","There are no restrictions.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"normalized_title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"creator_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"creators_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eE. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Law Review\u003c/emph\u003e. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSimple Justice\u003c/emph\u003e (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003ewas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003edecision was handed down.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePlessy v. Ferguson\u003c/emph\u003e; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the  Virginia Law Review . In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of  Brown v. Board of Education  when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of  Brown  titled  Simple Justice  (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in Brown was handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in  Brown  and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous  Brown decision was handed down.","  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in  Plessy v. Ferguson ; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003eera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns  Brown v. Board of Education  and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the Brown era will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:11:12.292Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c38","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Ellis v. Dixon: Notes between FF, EBP and Hugo Black during oral argument; also letter from EBP explaining","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c38#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c38","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c38"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c38","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_100"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_100"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"text":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers","Ellis v. Dixon: Notes between FF, EBP and Hugo Black during oral argument; also letter from EBP explaining","box 4"],"title_filing_ssi":"Ellis v. Dixon: Notes between FF, EBP and Hugo Black during oral argument; also letter from EBP explaining ","title_ssm":["Ellis v. Dixon: Notes between FF, EBP and Hugo Black during oral argument; also letter from EBP explaining "],"title_tesim":["Ellis v. Dixon: Notes between FF, EBP and Hugo Black during oral argument; also letter from EBP explaining "],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1955-04-20 1989-03-16"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ellis v. Dixon: Notes between FF, EBP and Hugo Black during oral argument; also letter from EBP explaining"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["E. 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Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-1989","1953-1955"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1953-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"text":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers","School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs","There are no restrictions.","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the  Virginia Law Review . In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of  Brown v. Board of Education  when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of  Brown  titled  Simple Justice  (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in Brown was handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in  Brown  and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous  Brown decision was handed down.","  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in  Plessy v. Ferguson ; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.","The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns  Brown v. Board of Education  and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the Brown era will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.","There are no restrictions.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"normalized_title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Prettyman, E. 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He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Law Review\u003c/emph\u003e. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSimple Justice\u003c/emph\u003e (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003ewas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003edecision was handed down.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePlessy v. Ferguson\u003c/emph\u003e; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the  Virginia Law Review . In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of  Brown v. Board of Education  when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of  Brown  titled  Simple Justice  (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in Brown was handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in  Brown  and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous  Brown decision was handed down.","  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in  Plessy v. Ferguson ; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003eera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns  Brown v. Board of Education  and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the Brown era will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:11:12.292Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c38"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c04","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Justice Felix Frankfurter: Correspondence","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c04","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c04"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c04","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_100"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_100"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"text":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers","Justice Felix Frankfurter: Correspondence","box 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Justice Felix Frankfurter: Correspondence","title_ssm":["Justice Felix Frankfurter: Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Justice Felix Frankfurter: Correspondence"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1963, n.d."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944/1963"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Justice Felix Frankfurter: Correspondence"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":4,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:11:12.292Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_100.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/107670","title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-1989","1953-1955"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1953-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"text":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers","School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs","There are no restrictions.","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the  Virginia Law Review . In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of  Brown v. Board of Education  when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of  Brown  titled  Simple Justice  (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in Brown was handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in  Brown  and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous  Brown decision was handed down.","  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in  Plessy v. Ferguson ; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.","The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns  Brown v. Board of Education  and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the Brown era will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.","There are no restrictions.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"normalized_title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"creator_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"creators_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. 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He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Law Review\u003c/emph\u003e. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSimple Justice\u003c/emph\u003e (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003ewas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003edecision was handed down.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePlessy v. Ferguson\u003c/emph\u003e; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the  Virginia Law Review . In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of  Brown v. Board of Education  when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of  Brown  titled  Simple Justice  (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in Brown was handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in  Brown  and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous  Brown decision was handed down.","  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in  Plessy v. Ferguson ; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003eera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns  Brown v. Board of Education  and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the Brown era will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:11:12.292Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c04"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c06","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Justice Felix Frankfurter: Printed Materials and Memorabilia","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c06","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c06"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100_c06","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_100"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_100"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"text":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers","Justice Felix Frankfurter: Printed Materials and Memorabilia","box 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Justice Felix Frankfurter: Printed Materials and Memorabilia ","title_ssm":["Justice Felix Frankfurter: Printed Materials and Memorabilia "],"title_tesim":["Justice Felix Frankfurter: Printed Materials and Memorabilia "],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954/1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Justice Felix Frankfurter: Printed Materials and Memorabilia"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":6,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5","timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:11:12.292Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_100.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/107670","title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-1989","1953-1955"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1953-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"text":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers","School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs","There are no restrictions.","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the  Virginia Law Review . In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of  Brown v. Board of Education  when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of  Brown  titled  Simple Justice  (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in Brown was handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in  Brown  and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous  Brown decision was handed down.","  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in  Plessy v. Ferguson ; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.","The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns  Brown v. Board of Education  and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the Brown era will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.","There are no restrictions.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"normalized_title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"creator_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"creators_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. 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He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Law Review\u003c/emph\u003e. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSimple Justice\u003c/emph\u003e (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003ewas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003edecision was handed down.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePlessy v. Ferguson\u003c/emph\u003e; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the  Virginia Law Review . In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of  Brown v. Board of Education  when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of  Brown  titled  Simple Justice  (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in Brown was handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in  Brown  and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous  Brown decision was handed down.","  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in  Plessy v. Ferguson ; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003eera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns  Brown v. Board of Education  and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the Brown era will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Prettyman, E. 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Clark: Correspondence and miscellaneous documents","title_ssm":["Justice Tom C. Clark: Correspondence and miscellaneous documents"],"title_tesim":["Justice Tom C. Clark: Correspondence and miscellaneous documents"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954, 1967-68"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954/1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Justice Tom C. Clark: Correspondence and miscellaneous documents"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["E. 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Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-1989","1953-1955"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1953-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"text":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers","School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs","There are no restrictions.","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the  Virginia Law Review . In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of  Brown v. Board of Education  when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of  Brown  titled  Simple Justice  (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in Brown was handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in  Brown  and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous  Brown decision was handed down.","  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in  Plessy v. Ferguson ; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.","The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns  Brown v. Board of Education  and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the Brown era will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.","There are no restrictions.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"normalized_title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Prettyman, E. 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He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Law Review\u003c/emph\u003e. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSimple Justice\u003c/emph\u003e (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003ewas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003edecision was handed down.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePlessy v. Ferguson\u003c/emph\u003e; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the  Virginia Law Review . In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of  Brown v. Board of Education  when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of  Brown  titled  Simple Justice  (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in Brown was handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in  Brown  and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous  Brown decision was handed down.","  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in  Plessy v. Ferguson ; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003eera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns  Brown v. Board of Education  and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the Brown era will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, 1891-1971","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Clark, Tom C., 1899-1977","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954 ","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Prettyman, E. 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