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Topics of the articles include the origin of the Virginia Dialect, the impact of religion on language, regional differences in dialects, and German spells used in Virginia and West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu). Audio materials may not be reproduced without the consent of the heirs of the participants.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu). 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Norfolk Division--Faculty","oral histories (literary works)","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is arranged alphabetically by interviewee's last name.","Container list was compiled by Alicia Brown, Special Collections and University Archives Student Assistant, in November 2017.","Virginia Symphony Orchestra Records (MG 81-A).","This collection contains transcripts and supporting documentation of oral histories conducted by Dr. James R. Sweeney, professor of history and University Archivist, and others related to the history of Old Dominion, Massive Resistance, other topics. 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Sweeney, professor of history and University Archivist, and others related to the history of Old Dominion, Massive Resistance, other topics. Some of the information contained in the folders include the oral history transcript, interview questions, and biographies of interviewees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe audio recordings and transcripts have been digitized and are available in the \u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/SO_ff780147-437b-4d67-8e21-cd7ba91931ae/\"\u003eOld Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains transcripts and supporting documentation of oral histories conducted by Dr. James R. Sweeney, professor of history and University Archivist, and others related to the history of Old Dominion, Massive Resistance, other topics. 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The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_592#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_592.xml","title_ssm":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"title_tesim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1987","1991"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1987","1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection, 1987"],"text":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection, 1987","SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)","to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, Tanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley.","Two of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews.","In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.","A paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled Tanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia, is available as part of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205.","This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley.","The background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides.","The interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. 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Please contact Special Collections staff at\u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, Tanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Two of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Collection, SdArch 0004, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Collection, SdArch 0004, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia\u003c/emph\u003e, is available as part of the \u003cref target=\"d97c77781f8962e65556de93483dfb84\"\u003eShenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205\u003c/ref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled Tanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia, is available as part of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley.","The background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides.","The interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b7211b70131e82bd9621ecc8f329ef41\"\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"names_coll_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:09.969Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_592.xml","title_ssm":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"title_tesim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1987","1991"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1987","1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection, 1987"],"text":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection, 1987","SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)","to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, Tanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley.","Two of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews.","In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.","A paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled Tanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia, is available as part of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205.","This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley.","The background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides.","The interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","This collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection, 1987"],"collection_ssim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection, 1987"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"acqinfo_ssim":["1987 interview donated in _____ by Chris Bolgiano.\n1991 interviews and background paper donated in 1991 by Mia Barb."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders; 4 audiocassettes"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders; 4 audiocassettes"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1987,1991],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eto oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at\u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, Tanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Two of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Collection, SdArch 0004, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Collection, SdArch 0004, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia\u003c/emph\u003e, is available as part of the \u003cref target=\"d97c77781f8962e65556de93483dfb84\"\u003eShenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205\u003c/ref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled Tanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia, is available as part of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley.","The background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides.","The interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. 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