{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=2","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=3"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":3,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":22,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1222.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136685","title_filing_ssi":"Chalmers, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead papers","title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1821-1897"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1821-1897"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222"],"text":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222","Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History","Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence","Fair to good.","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.","There are letters from the family and others about General Hull's claim throughout the correspondence in the collection.","Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Lock of hair belonging to Sarah Louisa P. (Hickman) Smith who was the sister of Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers. Louisa was born in 1811 and died at age 20 from illness. Her husband, Samuel Jenks Smith published a book of her poems in 1829. They had two children.","Annie McLellan may have been a cousin of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers","The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Included are comments about University of Virginia Professors Gessner Harrison, John B. Minor, Socrates Maupin, Basil L. Gildersleeve, Maximilan Schele De Vere, James Lawrence Cabell, and William Holmes McGuffey. Included is a letter from Professor Gildersleeve to Dr. George Otis, Jr. dated 1876. Dr. Otis was the first born son of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers.","Condolences on the death of daughter Louisa and her mother Nancy Binney Hull Hickman.","Includes correspondence of Richard Gambill 1851-1856. There is also a letter from Thomas Walker Gilmer to Richard Gambill from 1833.","Other cousins may be included in this correspondence including McLellans and Clouds.","Samuel C. Clarke writes to his cousin Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers about his attitudes towards Freedmen after enslavement, and their working and living conditions.","Includes small broadside of Sarah Clark art exhibit","Letters about starting the school, procurement of teachers,letters from parents, and examinations.","Letters and notes about purchase of the newspaper and maintaining its operation.","Papers related to raising money and operating a charity hospital for children in Richmond, Virginia","\"The Lengthened Shadow\" of a Woman\" by Maria Pendleton Duval in the Ricmond Times Dispatch is a newspaper aticle about how Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers started Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies and how it influenced the opening of the Virginia Female Institute in Staunton, Virginia. Mrs Chalmers taught female students using the same curriculum as Harvard College.","Enslavement, letters from former enslaved people, and information about African American schools, and teaching African Americans to read the bible","Zachariah Mead (husband of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers) writes a letter to his mother-in-law Nancy Binney \"Anne\" Hickman dated August 24, 1838 in which he describes to her the legislation required for bringing enslaved persons to another state. The family wants to move  from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia and take Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman with them.","Blair writes that the bond agreement was for him to keep Jordan until October when servants would be returning from the Springs, but he will return him if she needs his services.","In her last will and testament, \"I direct that my old servant Othello Freeman, be supported from my estate, in such manner as my said executrive, may think proper.\"","Letter from the Hickman's accountant, Joseph Bacon, that Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman,  who was enslaved by the Hull and Mead family, was removed from the Mclellan household (sister of \"Ann\" Nancy Binney Hickman) and was being boarded at Mr. White's. He writes that Tillo cannot do any work,is not well, and needs medical attention.  Mr. White wants more money to board and take care of him.","Includes unidentified letter to Anna Maria Mead Chalmers about her being honored as a teacher, and her treatment of \"Tillo\".","Mr. Potter says that he has heard good accounts of the school. No details are included.","A note signed \"Massing Bird\" to [Frances] E. Meriwether asking to buy a horse. His son has taken his horse so he needs to buy one.","Letter written by \"Old William\" who was the carriage driver for Mr. and Mrs. Chalmers. He writes to Mrs. Chalmers after the death of Mr. Chalmers about his fondness for them.","Letter from Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers describing her memories of her grandfather General William Hull to her cousin James Freeman Clarke. Mrs. Chalmers recollects that her grandfather required Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman who they enslaved to be present in Church.","One page argument for the Southern Planter's claim that they need the  Freedmen to labor their crops. Author unidentified, undated.","Correspondence of the Mead family, Meriwether family, George H. Geyer and others describing camp life, skirmishes and battles, and officers, including General Stonewall Jackson, General Longstreet, General Braggs, General McLellan, and General Grant","Includes a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieut., 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna M. Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to Gen. Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Mead following his death at Resaca, Ga., 1864.","Some letters and notes about the genealogy of the Mead family","Photographs identified as Lieutenant William Zachariah Mead, Fannie Chalmers, and Marion Kollock.","Includes article about Bishop Whipple sermon supporting Indigenous persons; article about James Freeman Clarke, other obituaries, and various miscellaneous items including a football game at Pantops Academy.","John Greenleaf Whittier \"The Singer\" from the Atlantic Monthly, devotional prayers, and miscellaneous","Article Isaac McLellan, Sunday School brochures, advertisement for the Rockbridge Baths, Liturgy of the Holy Eucharist by N. W. Camp, and religious printed materials.","Certificate of Distinction from La Fourches School, Keswick, Virginia for Henry B. Mead; Anna Maria Chalmers marriage certificate; and Kappa Alpha In Universitate Virginiae broadside.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Part of this collection was a deposit from Ernest C. Mead on January 5, 1955 which became a gift in 1998, another gift from Ernest C. Mead on January 30, 2007, and in 2020. There was an additional gift from James Blizzard Mead on September 27, 2012 to the Small Special Collections library at the University of Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good."],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["9 legal size document boxes, 2 oversize documents and one oversize account book. (and 3 flat boxes in original collection)."],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026amp; writings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are letters from the family and others about General Hull's claim throughout the correspondence in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.","There are letters from the family and others about General Hull's claim throughout the correspondence in the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOthello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBoston Home Journal\u003c/emph\u003e, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e, and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Literary Messenger\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026amp;pg=PA33\u0026amp;lpg=PA33\u0026amp;dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026amp;sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026amp;f=false\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLock of hair belonging to Sarah Louisa P. (Hickman) Smith who was the sister of Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers. Louisa was born in 1811 and died at age 20 from illness. Her husband, Samuel Jenks Smith published a book of her poems in 1829. They had two children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnie McLellan may have been a cousin of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Lock of hair belonging to Sarah Louisa P. (Hickman) Smith who was the sister of Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers. Louisa was born in 1811 and died at age 20 from illness. Her husband, Samuel Jenks Smith published a book of her poems in 1829. They had two children.","Annie McLellan may have been a cousin of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026amp; Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e The Richmond Times Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are comments about University of Virginia Professors Gessner Harrison, John B. Minor, Socrates Maupin, Basil L. Gildersleeve, Maximilan Schele De Vere, James Lawrence Cabell, and William Holmes McGuffey. Included is a letter from Professor Gildersleeve to Dr. George Otis, Jr. dated 1876. Dr. Otis was the first born son of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCondolences on the death of daughter Louisa and her mother Nancy Binney Hull Hickman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence of Richard Gambill 1851-1856. There is also a letter from Thomas Walker Gilmer to Richard Gambill from 1833.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther cousins may be included in this correspondence including McLellans and Clouds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamuel C. Clarke writes to his cousin Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers about his attitudes towards Freedmen after enslavement, and their working and living conditions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes small broadside of Sarah Clark art exhibit\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters about starting the school, procurement of teachers,letters from parents, and examinations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters and notes about purchase of the newspaper and maintaining its operation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers related to raising money and operating a charity hospital for children in Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The Lengthened Shadow\" of a Woman\" by Maria Pendleton Duval in the Ricmond Times Dispatch is a newspaper aticle about how Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers started Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies and how it influenced the opening of the Virginia Female Institute in Staunton, Virginia. Mrs Chalmers taught female students using the same curriculum as Harvard College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnslavement, letters from former enslaved people, and information about African American schools, and teaching African Americans to read the bible\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eZachariah Mead (husband of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers) writes a letter to his mother-in-law Nancy Binney \"Anne\" Hickman dated August 24, 1838 in which he describes to her the legislation required for bringing enslaved persons to another state. The family wants to move  from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia and take Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman with them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlair writes that the bond agreement was for him to keep Jordan until October when servants would be returning from the Springs, but he will return him if she needs his services.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn her last will and testament, \"I direct that my old servant Othello Freeman, be supported from my estate, in such manner as my said executrive, may think proper.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from the Hickman's accountant, Joseph Bacon, that Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman,  who was enslaved by the Hull and Mead family, was removed from the Mclellan household (sister of \"Ann\" Nancy Binney Hickman) and was being boarded at Mr. White's. He writes that Tillo cannot do any work,is not well, and needs medical attention.  Mr. White wants more money to board and take care of him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes unidentified letter to Anna Maria Mead Chalmers about her being honored as a teacher, and her treatment of \"Tillo\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Potter says that he has heard good accounts of the school. No details are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA note signed \"Massing Bird\" to [Frances] E. Meriwether asking to buy a horse. His son has taken his horse so he needs to buy one.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter written by \"Old William\" who was the carriage driver for Mr. and Mrs. Chalmers. He writes to Mrs. Chalmers after the death of Mr. Chalmers about his fondness for them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers describing her memories of her grandfather General William Hull to her cousin James Freeman Clarke. Mrs. Chalmers recollects that her grandfather required Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman who they enslaved to be present in Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne page argument for the Southern Planter's claim that they need the  Freedmen to labor their crops. Author unidentified, undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence of the Mead family, Meriwether family, George H. Geyer and others describing camp life, skirmishes and battles, and officers, including General Stonewall Jackson, General Longstreet, General Braggs, General McLellan, and General Grant\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026amp; Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieut., 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna M. Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to Gen. Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Mead following his death at Resaca, Ga., 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome letters and notes about the genealogy of the Mead family\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs identified as Lieutenant William Zachariah Mead, Fannie Chalmers, and Marion Kollock.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes article about Bishop Whipple sermon supporting Indigenous persons; article about James Freeman Clarke, other obituaries, and various miscellaneous items including a football game at Pantops Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Greenleaf Whittier \"The Singer\" from the Atlantic Monthly, devotional prayers, and miscellaneous\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle Isaac McLellan, Sunday School brochures, advertisement for the Rockbridge Baths, Liturgy of the Holy Eucharist by N. W. Camp, and religious printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Distinction from La Fourches School, Keswick, Virginia for Henry B. Mead; Anna Maria Chalmers marriage certificate; and Kappa Alpha In Universitate Virginiae broadside.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Included are comments about University of Virginia Professors Gessner Harrison, John B. Minor, Socrates Maupin, Basil L. Gildersleeve, Maximilan Schele De Vere, James Lawrence Cabell, and William Holmes McGuffey. Included is a letter from Professor Gildersleeve to Dr. George Otis, Jr. dated 1876. Dr. Otis was the first born son of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers.","Condolences on the death of daughter Louisa and her mother Nancy Binney Hull Hickman.","Includes correspondence of Richard Gambill 1851-1856. There is also a letter from Thomas Walker Gilmer to Richard Gambill from 1833.","Other cousins may be included in this correspondence including McLellans and Clouds.","Samuel C. Clarke writes to his cousin Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers about his attitudes towards Freedmen after enslavement, and their working and living conditions.","Includes small broadside of Sarah Clark art exhibit","Letters about starting the school, procurement of teachers,letters from parents, and examinations.","Letters and notes about purchase of the newspaper and maintaining its operation.","Papers related to raising money and operating a charity hospital for children in Richmond, Virginia","\"The Lengthened Shadow\" of a Woman\" by Maria Pendleton Duval in the Ricmond Times Dispatch is a newspaper aticle about how Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers started Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies and how it influenced the opening of the Virginia Female Institute in Staunton, Virginia. Mrs Chalmers taught female students using the same curriculum as Harvard College.","Enslavement, letters from former enslaved people, and information about African American schools, and teaching African Americans to read the bible","Zachariah Mead (husband of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers) writes a letter to his mother-in-law Nancy Binney \"Anne\" Hickman dated August 24, 1838 in which he describes to her the legislation required for bringing enslaved persons to another state. The family wants to move  from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia and take Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman with them.","Blair writes that the bond agreement was for him to keep Jordan until October when servants would be returning from the Springs, but he will return him if she needs his services.","In her last will and testament, \"I direct that my old servant Othello Freeman, be supported from my estate, in such manner as my said executrive, may think proper.\"","Letter from the Hickman's accountant, Joseph Bacon, that Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman,  who was enslaved by the Hull and Mead family, was removed from the Mclellan household (sister of \"Ann\" Nancy Binney Hickman) and was being boarded at Mr. White's. He writes that Tillo cannot do any work,is not well, and needs medical attention.  Mr. White wants more money to board and take care of him.","Includes unidentified letter to Anna Maria Mead Chalmers about her being honored as a teacher, and her treatment of \"Tillo\".","Mr. Potter says that he has heard good accounts of the school. No details are included.","A note signed \"Massing Bird\" to [Frances] E. Meriwether asking to buy a horse. His son has taken his horse so he needs to buy one.","Letter written by \"Old William\" who was the carriage driver for Mr. and Mrs. Chalmers. He writes to Mrs. Chalmers after the death of Mr. Chalmers about his fondness for them.","Letter from Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers describing her memories of her grandfather General William Hull to her cousin James Freeman Clarke. Mrs. Chalmers recollects that her grandfather required Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman who they enslaved to be present in Church.","One page argument for the Southern Planter's claim that they need the  Freedmen to labor their crops. Author unidentified, undated.","Correspondence of the Mead family, Meriwether family, George H. Geyer and others describing camp life, skirmishes and battles, and officers, including General Stonewall Jackson, General Longstreet, General Braggs, General McLellan, and General Grant","Includes a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieut., 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna M. Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to Gen. Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Mead following his death at Resaca, Ga., 1864.","Some letters and notes about the genealogy of the Mead family","Photographs identified as Lieutenant William Zachariah Mead, Fannie Chalmers, and Marion Kollock.","Includes article about Bishop Whipple sermon supporting Indigenous persons; article about James Freeman Clarke, other obituaries, and various miscellaneous items including a football game at Pantops Academy.","John Greenleaf Whittier \"The Singer\" from the Atlantic Monthly, devotional prayers, and miscellaneous","Article Isaac McLellan, Sunday School brochures, advertisement for the Rockbridge Baths, Liturgy of the Holy Eucharist by N. W. Camp, and religious printed materials.","Certificate of Distinction from La Fourches School, Keswick, Virginia for Henry B. Mead; Anna Maria Chalmers marriage certificate; and Kappa Alpha In Universitate Virginiae broadside."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":140,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:45:23.850Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1222.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136685","title_filing_ssi":"Chalmers, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead papers","title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1821-1897"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1821-1897"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222"],"text":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222","Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History","Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence","Fair to good.","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.","There are letters from the family and others about General Hull's claim throughout the correspondence in the collection.","Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Lock of hair belonging to Sarah Louisa P. (Hickman) Smith who was the sister of Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers. Louisa was born in 1811 and died at age 20 from illness. Her husband, Samuel Jenks Smith published a book of her poems in 1829. They had two children.","Annie McLellan may have been a cousin of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers","The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Included are comments about University of Virginia Professors Gessner Harrison, John B. Minor, Socrates Maupin, Basil L. Gildersleeve, Maximilan Schele De Vere, James Lawrence Cabell, and William Holmes McGuffey. Included is a letter from Professor Gildersleeve to Dr. George Otis, Jr. dated 1876. Dr. Otis was the first born son of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers.","Condolences on the death of daughter Louisa and her mother Nancy Binney Hull Hickman.","Includes correspondence of Richard Gambill 1851-1856. There is also a letter from Thomas Walker Gilmer to Richard Gambill from 1833.","Other cousins may be included in this correspondence including McLellans and Clouds.","Samuel C. Clarke writes to his cousin Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers about his attitudes towards Freedmen after enslavement, and their working and living conditions.","Includes small broadside of Sarah Clark art exhibit","Letters about starting the school, procurement of teachers,letters from parents, and examinations.","Letters and notes about purchase of the newspaper and maintaining its operation.","Papers related to raising money and operating a charity hospital for children in Richmond, Virginia","\"The Lengthened Shadow\" of a Woman\" by Maria Pendleton Duval in the Ricmond Times Dispatch is a newspaper aticle about how Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers started Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies and how it influenced the opening of the Virginia Female Institute in Staunton, Virginia. Mrs Chalmers taught female students using the same curriculum as Harvard College.","Enslavement, letters from former enslaved people, and information about African American schools, and teaching African Americans to read the bible","Zachariah Mead (husband of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers) writes a letter to his mother-in-law Nancy Binney \"Anne\" Hickman dated August 24, 1838 in which he describes to her the legislation required for bringing enslaved persons to another state. The family wants to move  from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia and take Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman with them.","Blair writes that the bond agreement was for him to keep Jordan until October when servants would be returning from the Springs, but he will return him if she needs his services.","In her last will and testament, \"I direct that my old servant Othello Freeman, be supported from my estate, in such manner as my said executrive, may think proper.\"","Letter from the Hickman's accountant, Joseph Bacon, that Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman,  who was enslaved by the Hull and Mead family, was removed from the Mclellan household (sister of \"Ann\" Nancy Binney Hickman) and was being boarded at Mr. White's. He writes that Tillo cannot do any work,is not well, and needs medical attention.  Mr. White wants more money to board and take care of him.","Includes unidentified letter to Anna Maria Mead Chalmers about her being honored as a teacher, and her treatment of \"Tillo\".","Mr. Potter says that he has heard good accounts of the school. No details are included.","A note signed \"Massing Bird\" to [Frances] E. Meriwether asking to buy a horse. His son has taken his horse so he needs to buy one.","Letter written by \"Old William\" who was the carriage driver for Mr. and Mrs. Chalmers. He writes to Mrs. Chalmers after the death of Mr. Chalmers about his fondness for them.","Letter from Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers describing her memories of her grandfather General William Hull to her cousin James Freeman Clarke. Mrs. Chalmers recollects that her grandfather required Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman who they enslaved to be present in Church.","One page argument for the Southern Planter's claim that they need the  Freedmen to labor their crops. Author unidentified, undated.","Correspondence of the Mead family, Meriwether family, George H. Geyer and others describing camp life, skirmishes and battles, and officers, including General Stonewall Jackson, General Longstreet, General Braggs, General McLellan, and General Grant","Includes a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieut., 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna M. Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to Gen. Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Mead following his death at Resaca, Ga., 1864.","Some letters and notes about the genealogy of the Mead family","Photographs identified as Lieutenant William Zachariah Mead, Fannie Chalmers, and Marion Kollock.","Includes article about Bishop Whipple sermon supporting Indigenous persons; article about James Freeman Clarke, other obituaries, and various miscellaneous items including a football game at Pantops Academy.","John Greenleaf Whittier \"The Singer\" from the Atlantic Monthly, devotional prayers, and miscellaneous","Article Isaac McLellan, Sunday School brochures, advertisement for the Rockbridge Baths, Liturgy of the Holy Eucharist by N. W. Camp, and religious printed materials.","Certificate of Distinction from La Fourches School, Keswick, Virginia for Henry B. Mead; Anna Maria Chalmers marriage certificate; and Kappa Alpha In Universitate Virginiae broadside.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Part of this collection was a deposit from Ernest C. Mead on January 5, 1955 which became a gift in 1998, another gift from Ernest C. Mead on January 30, 2007, and in 2020. There was an additional gift from James Blizzard Mead on September 27, 2012 to the Small Special Collections library at the University of Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good."],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["9 legal size document boxes, 2 oversize documents and one oversize account book. (and 3 flat boxes in original collection)."],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026amp; writings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnder Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are letters from the family and others about General Hull's claim throughout the correspondence in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.","There are letters from the family and others about General Hull's claim throughout the correspondence in the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOthello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBoston Home Journal\u003c/emph\u003e, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e, and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Literary Messenger\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026amp;pg=PA33\u0026amp;lpg=PA33\u0026amp;dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026amp;sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026amp;f=false\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLock of hair belonging to Sarah Louisa P. (Hickman) Smith who was the sister of Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers. Louisa was born in 1811 and died at age 20 from illness. Her husband, Samuel Jenks Smith published a book of her poems in 1829. They had two children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnie McLellan may have been a cousin of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. ","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the  Southern Churchmen , an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the  Boston Home Journal , the  New York Tribune , and the  Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. ","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the  Southern Churchmen  also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Lock of hair belonging to Sarah Louisa P. (Hickman) Smith who was the sister of Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers. Louisa was born in 1811 and died at age 20 from illness. Her husband, Samuel Jenks Smith published a book of her poems in 1829. They had two children.","Annie McLellan may have been a cousin of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026amp; Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e The Richmond Times Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are comments about University of Virginia Professors Gessner Harrison, John B. Minor, Socrates Maupin, Basil L. Gildersleeve, Maximilan Schele De Vere, James Lawrence Cabell, and William Holmes McGuffey. Included is a letter from Professor Gildersleeve to Dr. George Otis, Jr. dated 1876. Dr. Otis was the first born son of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCondolences on the death of daughter Louisa and her mother Nancy Binney Hull Hickman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence of Richard Gambill 1851-1856. There is also a letter from Thomas Walker Gilmer to Richard Gambill from 1833.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther cousins may be included in this correspondence including McLellans and Clouds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamuel C. Clarke writes to his cousin Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers about his attitudes towards Freedmen after enslavement, and their working and living conditions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes small broadside of Sarah Clark art exhibit\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters about starting the school, procurement of teachers,letters from parents, and examinations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters and notes about purchase of the newspaper and maintaining its operation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers related to raising money and operating a charity hospital for children in Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The Lengthened Shadow\" of a Woman\" by Maria Pendleton Duval in the Ricmond Times Dispatch is a newspaper aticle about how Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers started Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies and how it influenced the opening of the Virginia Female Institute in Staunton, Virginia. Mrs Chalmers taught female students using the same curriculum as Harvard College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnslavement, letters from former enslaved people, and information about African American schools, and teaching African Americans to read the bible\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eZachariah Mead (husband of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers) writes a letter to his mother-in-law Nancy Binney \"Anne\" Hickman dated August 24, 1838 in which he describes to her the legislation required for bringing enslaved persons to another state. The family wants to move  from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia and take Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman with them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlair writes that the bond agreement was for him to keep Jordan until October when servants would be returning from the Springs, but he will return him if she needs his services.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn her last will and testament, \"I direct that my old servant Othello Freeman, be supported from my estate, in such manner as my said executrive, may think proper.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from the Hickman's accountant, Joseph Bacon, that Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman,  who was enslaved by the Hull and Mead family, was removed from the Mclellan household (sister of \"Ann\" Nancy Binney Hickman) and was being boarded at Mr. White's. He writes that Tillo cannot do any work,is not well, and needs medical attention.  Mr. White wants more money to board and take care of him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes unidentified letter to Anna Maria Mead Chalmers about her being honored as a teacher, and her treatment of \"Tillo\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Potter says that he has heard good accounts of the school. No details are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA note signed \"Massing Bird\" to [Frances] E. Meriwether asking to buy a horse. His son has taken his horse so he needs to buy one.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter written by \"Old William\" who was the carriage driver for Mr. and Mrs. Chalmers. He writes to Mrs. Chalmers after the death of Mr. Chalmers about his fondness for them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers describing her memories of her grandfather General William Hull to her cousin James Freeman Clarke. Mrs. Chalmers recollects that her grandfather required Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman who they enslaved to be present in Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne page argument for the Southern Planter's claim that they need the  Freedmen to labor their crops. Author unidentified, undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence of the Mead family, Meriwether family, George H. Geyer and others describing camp life, skirmishes and battles, and officers, including General Stonewall Jackson, General Longstreet, General Braggs, General McLellan, and General Grant\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026amp; Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieut., 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna M. Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to Gen. Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Mead following his death at Resaca, Ga., 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome letters and notes about the genealogy of the Mead family\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs identified as Lieutenant William Zachariah Mead, Fannie Chalmers, and Marion Kollock.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes article about Bishop Whipple sermon supporting Indigenous persons; article about James Freeman Clarke, other obituaries, and various miscellaneous items including a football game at Pantops Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Greenleaf Whittier \"The Singer\" from the Atlantic Monthly, devotional prayers, and miscellaneous\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle Isaac McLellan, Sunday School brochures, advertisement for the Rockbridge Baths, Liturgy of the Holy Eucharist by N. W. Camp, and religious printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Distinction from La Fourches School, Keswick, Virginia for Henry B. Mead; Anna Maria Chalmers marriage certificate; and Kappa Alpha In Universitate Virginiae broadside.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. ","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. ","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. "," The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the   The Richmond Times Dispatch  dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" ","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) ","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ ","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Included are comments about University of Virginia Professors Gessner Harrison, John B. Minor, Socrates Maupin, Basil L. Gildersleeve, Maximilan Schele De Vere, James Lawrence Cabell, and William Holmes McGuffey. Included is a letter from Professor Gildersleeve to Dr. George Otis, Jr. dated 1876. Dr. Otis was the first born son of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers.","Condolences on the death of daughter Louisa and her mother Nancy Binney Hull Hickman.","Includes correspondence of Richard Gambill 1851-1856. There is also a letter from Thomas Walker Gilmer to Richard Gambill from 1833.","Other cousins may be included in this correspondence including McLellans and Clouds.","Samuel C. Clarke writes to his cousin Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers about his attitudes towards Freedmen after enslavement, and their working and living conditions.","Includes small broadside of Sarah Clark art exhibit","Letters about starting the school, procurement of teachers,letters from parents, and examinations.","Letters and notes about purchase of the newspaper and maintaining its operation.","Papers related to raising money and operating a charity hospital for children in Richmond, Virginia","\"The Lengthened Shadow\" of a Woman\" by Maria Pendleton Duval in the Ricmond Times Dispatch is a newspaper aticle about how Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers started Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies and how it influenced the opening of the Virginia Female Institute in Staunton, Virginia. Mrs Chalmers taught female students using the same curriculum as Harvard College.","Enslavement, letters from former enslaved people, and information about African American schools, and teaching African Americans to read the bible","Zachariah Mead (husband of Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers) writes a letter to his mother-in-law Nancy Binney \"Anne\" Hickman dated August 24, 1838 in which he describes to her the legislation required for bringing enslaved persons to another state. The family wants to move  from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia and take Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman with them.","Blair writes that the bond agreement was for him to keep Jordan until October when servants would be returning from the Springs, but he will return him if she needs his services.","In her last will and testament, \"I direct that my old servant Othello Freeman, be supported from my estate, in such manner as my said executrive, may think proper.\"","Letter from the Hickman's accountant, Joseph Bacon, that Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman,  who was enslaved by the Hull and Mead family, was removed from the Mclellan household (sister of \"Ann\" Nancy Binney Hickman) and was being boarded at Mr. White's. He writes that Tillo cannot do any work,is not well, and needs medical attention.  Mr. White wants more money to board and take care of him.","Includes unidentified letter to Anna Maria Mead Chalmers about her being honored as a teacher, and her treatment of \"Tillo\".","Mr. Potter says that he has heard good accounts of the school. No details are included.","A note signed \"Massing Bird\" to [Frances] E. Meriwether asking to buy a horse. His son has taken his horse so he needs to buy one.","Letter written by \"Old William\" who was the carriage driver for Mr. and Mrs. Chalmers. He writes to Mrs. Chalmers after the death of Mr. Chalmers about his fondness for them.","Letter from Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers describing her memories of her grandfather General William Hull to her cousin James Freeman Clarke. Mrs. Chalmers recollects that her grandfather required Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman who they enslaved to be present in Church.","One page argument for the Southern Planter's claim that they need the  Freedmen to labor their crops. Author unidentified, undated.","Correspondence of the Mead family, Meriwether family, George H. Geyer and others describing camp life, skirmishes and battles, and officers, including General Stonewall Jackson, General Longstreet, General Braggs, General McLellan, and General Grant","Includes a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieut., 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna M. Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to Gen. Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Mead following his death at Resaca, Ga., 1864.","Some letters and notes about the genealogy of the Mead family","Photographs identified as Lieutenant William Zachariah Mead, Fannie Chalmers, and Marion Kollock.","Includes article about Bishop Whipple sermon supporting Indigenous persons; article about James Freeman Clarke, other obituaries, and various miscellaneous items including a football game at Pantops Academy.","John Greenleaf Whittier \"The Singer\" from the Atlantic Monthly, devotional prayers, and miscellaneous","Article Isaac McLellan, Sunday School brochures, advertisement for the Rockbridge Baths, Liturgy of the Holy Eucharist by N. W. Camp, and religious printed materials.","Certificate of Distinction from La Fourches School, Keswick, Virginia for Henry B. Mead; Anna Maria Chalmers marriage certificate; and Kappa Alpha In Universitate Virginiae broadside."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":140,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:45:23.850Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Armstead L. Robinson papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_595.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/516","title_filing_ssi":"Robinson, Armstead L., papers","title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-2001","1967-1992"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1967-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"text":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595","Armstead L. Robinson papers","Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.\n  ","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.","Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor. ","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41). ","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12). ","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.","The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","\n    \n    Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails. ","Armistead L. Robinson, Scholar of the House Thesis, Yale University, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870\": Research note cards (5x8 multicolored-lined):\"Pre 1865, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1866 (again), Not yet Filed, 1870 (2)\"","Armistead L. Robinson, Scholar of the House Thesis, Yale University, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870\": Research note cards (5x8 multicolored-lined):\"1865, 1866 (2), 1867, 1869, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869 (again), 1870 (2), Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1866,1867, 1868,1869,1870, Not Yet Filed, 1865,1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870 Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1866, General Patterns, A-W\"","Armistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"A-W and unrelated miscellaneous note cards","Armistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"Maps, Official Documents, Government Documents: Federal, Guides to Manuscript Collections, Guide to Printed Materials, Special Collections, Printed Public Documents, Miscellaneous Documents, Newspapers (4), Urban Directories and State Gazetteers, Periodicals, Personal Collections, Published Letters and Papers, Printed Correspondence, Memoirs, and Autobiographies, Diaries and Journals, Memoirs and Contemporary Accounts, Contemporary Periodicals, Contemporary Books and Pamhlets (2)\" and \"Regional and State Slavery Studies\"","Armistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"Works Dealing Chiefly With the South, Biography, Biographical Studies, Agriculture, Manufacturing, Commerce, and Transportation, The Southern Frontier, Biography, Biographies, Articles in Periodicals and Publications, General American History, State and Local History, Politics, Political and Social Change, Miltary Studies, General and Special Histories, American History: Special Topics, The Wilkinson-Burr Intrigues\"","1. The Emancipation of the Negroes, January, 1863 [January 24, 1863]\n2. Colored Troops, Under General Wild, Liberating Slaves in North Carolina [January 23, 1864] 3. A Negro Regiment In Action [March 14, 1863] 4. The Negro In The War–Various Employments of The Colored Men in The Federal Army [undated] 6. Negroes Escaping Out of Slavery [May 7, 1864] 7. Plantation Police, or Home Guard, Examining Passes on the Road Leading to the Levee of the Mississippi River [May 11, 1863] 8. Emancipated Slaves, White and Colored [January 20, 1864] 9. President Lincoln Riding Through Richmond, April 4, 1865, Immediately After The Evacuation of The City By General Lee [undated] 10. The First Vote [November 16, 1867] 11. The First Colored Senator and Representatives [undated] 12. A Remarkable Event in the History of the National Congress–The Honorable  John Willis Menard, Colored Representative From Louisiana, Receiving the Congratulations of His Friends On The Floor of the House, Dec. 7th, 1868 [undated] 13. Flower Sellers In The Market at Washington, D. C./Free Municipal Election in Richmond Since the End of The War–Registration of Colored Voters [June 4, 1870]\n14. Celebration of the Abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia by the Colored People, in Washington, April 19, 1866/A Political discussion [May 12, 1866]\n15. Educating the Freedmen/St. Philip's Church, Richmond, Virginia–School For Colored Children [May 25, 1867]\n16. Zion School For Colored Children, Charleston, South Carolina [December 15, 1866]\n17. Cotton Team In North Carolina [May 12, 1866]\n18. Our Cotton Campaign in South Carolina–Gathering, Picking and Shipping The Cotton Crops of The Sea Islands, Port Royal By The Federal Army, Under General Sherman [February 15, 1862] 19. Rice Culture on the Ogeechee, Near Savannah [January 5, 1867]\n20. Cotton Culture In The South [n. d.]","37 maps.","The ten maps in this group were reprinted in George B. Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph W. Kirkley; compiled by Calvin D. Cowles, The Official Military Atlas of the Civil War, with an Introduction by Richard Sommers (New York: The Fairfax Press, 1983) [other publishers: New York: Gramercy Books; Avenel, N. J.: distributed by Outlook Book Company, 1983]","Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"collection_ssim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"geogname_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"creator_ssm":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creators_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"places_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"access_terms_ssm":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Prof. Mildred W. Robinson, 12 June 2003;  \nTransfer by University of Virginia Press acquisitions editor Richard K. Holway, 9 August 2005; Tranfer by Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies, 2 October 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"genreform_ssim":["Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.\n  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.\n  ","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArmstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor. ","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41). ","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12). ","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n    \n    Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProminent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead L. Robinson, Scholar of the House Thesis, Yale University, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870\": Research note cards (5x8 multicolored-lined):\"Pre 1865, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1866 (again), Not yet Filed, 1870 (2)\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead L. Robinson, Scholar of the House Thesis, Yale University, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870\": Research note cards (5x8 multicolored-lined):\"1865, 1866 (2), 1867, 1869, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869 (again), 1870 (2), Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1866,1867, 1868,1869,1870, Not Yet Filed, 1865,1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870 Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1866, General Patterns, A-W\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"A-W and unrelated miscellaneous note cards\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"Maps, Official Documents, Government Documents: Federal, Guides to Manuscript Collections, Guide to Printed Materials, Special Collections, Printed Public Documents, Miscellaneous Documents, Newspapers (4), Urban Directories and State Gazetteers, Periodicals, Personal Collections, Published Letters and Papers, Printed Correspondence, Memoirs, and Autobiographies, Diaries and Journals, Memoirs and Contemporary Accounts, Contemporary Periodicals, Contemporary Books and Pamhlets (2)\" and \"Regional and State Slavery Studies\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"Works Dealing Chiefly With the South, Biography, Biographical Studies, Agriculture, Manufacturing, Commerce, and Transportation, The Southern Frontier, Biography, Biographies, Articles in Periodicals and Publications, General American History, State and Local History, Politics, Political and Social Change, Miltary Studies, General and Special Histories, American History: Special Topics, The Wilkinson-Burr Intrigues\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. The Emancipation of the Negroes, January, 1863 [January 24, 1863]\n2. Colored Troops, Under General Wild, Liberating Slaves in North Carolina [January 23, 1864] 3. A Negro Regiment In Action [March 14, 1863] 4. The Negro In The War–Various Employments of The Colored Men in The Federal Army [undated] 6. Negroes Escaping Out of Slavery [May 7, 1864] 7. Plantation Police, or Home Guard, Examining Passes on the Road Leading to the Levee of the Mississippi River [May 11, 1863] 8. Emancipated Slaves, White and Colored [January 20, 1864] 9. President Lincoln Riding Through Richmond, April 4, 1865, Immediately After The Evacuation of The City By General Lee [undated] 10. The First Vote [November 16, 1867] 11. The First Colored Senator and Representatives [undated] 12. A Remarkable Event in the History of the National Congress–The Honorable  John Willis Menard, Colored Representative From Louisiana, Receiving the Congratulations of His Friends On The Floor of the House, Dec. 7th, 1868 [undated] 13. Flower Sellers In The Market at Washington, D. C./Free Municipal Election in Richmond Since the End of The War–Registration of Colored Voters [June 4, 1870]\n14. Celebration of the Abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia by the Colored People, in Washington, April 19, 1866/A Political discussion [May 12, 1866]\n15. Educating the Freedmen/St. Philip's Church, Richmond, Virginia–School For Colored Children [May 25, 1867]\n16. Zion School For Colored Children, Charleston, South Carolina [December 15, 1866]\n17. Cotton Team In North Carolina [May 12, 1866]\n18. Our Cotton Campaign in South Carolina–Gathering, Picking and Shipping The Cotton Crops of The Sea Islands, Port Royal By The Federal Army, Under General Sherman [February 15, 1862] 19. Rice Culture on the Ogeechee, Near Savannah [January 5, 1867]\n20. Cotton Culture In The South [n. d.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e37 maps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe ten maps in this group were reprinted in George B. Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph W. Kirkley; compiled by Calvin D. Cowles, The Official Military Atlas of the Civil War, with an Introduction by Richard Sommers (New York: The Fairfax Press, 1983) [other publishers: New York: Gramercy Books; Avenel, N. J.: distributed by Outlook Book Company, 1983]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","\n    \n    Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails. ","Armistead L. Robinson, Scholar of the House Thesis, Yale University, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870\": Research note cards (5x8 multicolored-lined):\"Pre 1865, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1866 (again), Not yet Filed, 1870 (2)\"","Armistead L. Robinson, Scholar of the House Thesis, Yale University, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870\": Research note cards (5x8 multicolored-lined):\"1865, 1866 (2), 1867, 1869, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869 (again), 1870 (2), Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1866,1867, 1868,1869,1870, Not Yet Filed, 1865,1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870 Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1866, General Patterns, A-W\"","Armistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"A-W and unrelated miscellaneous note cards","Armistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"Maps, Official Documents, Government Documents: Federal, Guides to Manuscript Collections, Guide to Printed Materials, Special Collections, Printed Public Documents, Miscellaneous Documents, Newspapers (4), Urban Directories and State Gazetteers, Periodicals, Personal Collections, Published Letters and Papers, Printed Correspondence, Memoirs, and Autobiographies, Diaries and Journals, Memoirs and Contemporary Accounts, Contemporary Periodicals, Contemporary Books and Pamhlets (2)\" and \"Regional and State Slavery Studies\"","Armistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"Works Dealing Chiefly With the South, Biography, Biographical Studies, Agriculture, Manufacturing, Commerce, and Transportation, The Southern Frontier, Biography, Biographies, Articles in Periodicals and Publications, General American History, State and Local History, Politics, Political and Social Change, Miltary Studies, General and Special Histories, American History: Special Topics, The Wilkinson-Burr Intrigues\"","1. The Emancipation of the Negroes, January, 1863 [January 24, 1863]\n2. Colored Troops, Under General Wild, Liberating Slaves in North Carolina [January 23, 1864] 3. A Negro Regiment In Action [March 14, 1863] 4. The Negro In The War–Various Employments of The Colored Men in The Federal Army [undated] 6. Negroes Escaping Out of Slavery [May 7, 1864] 7. Plantation Police, or Home Guard, Examining Passes on the Road Leading to the Levee of the Mississippi River [May 11, 1863] 8. Emancipated Slaves, White and Colored [January 20, 1864] 9. President Lincoln Riding Through Richmond, April 4, 1865, Immediately After The Evacuation of The City By General Lee [undated] 10. The First Vote [November 16, 1867] 11. The First Colored Senator and Representatives [undated] 12. A Remarkable Event in the History of the National Congress–The Honorable  John Willis Menard, Colored Representative From Louisiana, Receiving the Congratulations of His Friends On The Floor of the House, Dec. 7th, 1868 [undated] 13. Flower Sellers In The Market at Washington, D. C./Free Municipal Election in Richmond Since the End of The War–Registration of Colored Voters [June 4, 1870]\n14. Celebration of the Abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia by the Colored People, in Washington, April 19, 1866/A Political discussion [May 12, 1866]\n15. Educating the Freedmen/St. Philip's Church, Richmond, Virginia–School For Colored Children [May 25, 1867]\n16. Zion School For Colored Children, Charleston, South Carolina [December 15, 1866]\n17. Cotton Team In North Carolina [May 12, 1866]\n18. Our Cotton Campaign in South Carolina–Gathering, Picking and Shipping The Cotton Crops of The Sea Islands, Port Royal By The Federal Army, Under General Sherman [February 15, 1862] 19. Rice Culture on the Ogeechee, Near Savannah [January 5, 1867]\n20. Cotton Culture In The South [n. d.]","37 maps.","The ten maps in this group were reprinted in George B. Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph W. Kirkley; compiled by Calvin D. Cowles, The Official Military Atlas of the Civil War, with an Introduction by Richard Sommers (New York: The Fairfax Press, 1983) [other publishers: New York: Gramercy Books; Avenel, N. J.: distributed by Outlook Book Company, 1983]"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":71,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:47:27.185Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_595.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/516","title_filing_ssi":"Robinson, Armstead L., papers","title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-2001","1967-1992"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1967-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"text":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595","Armstead L. Robinson papers","Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.\n  ","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.","Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor. ","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41). ","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12). ","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.","The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","\n    \n    Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails. ","Armistead L. Robinson, Scholar of the House Thesis, Yale University, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870\": Research note cards (5x8 multicolored-lined):\"Pre 1865, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1866 (again), Not yet Filed, 1870 (2)\"","Armistead L. Robinson, Scholar of the House Thesis, Yale University, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870\": Research note cards (5x8 multicolored-lined):\"1865, 1866 (2), 1867, 1869, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869 (again), 1870 (2), Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1866,1867, 1868,1869,1870, Not Yet Filed, 1865,1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870 Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1866, General Patterns, A-W\"","Armistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"A-W and unrelated miscellaneous note cards","Armistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"Maps, Official Documents, Government Documents: Federal, Guides to Manuscript Collections, Guide to Printed Materials, Special Collections, Printed Public Documents, Miscellaneous Documents, Newspapers (4), Urban Directories and State Gazetteers, Periodicals, Personal Collections, Published Letters and Papers, Printed Correspondence, Memoirs, and Autobiographies, Diaries and Journals, Memoirs and Contemporary Accounts, Contemporary Periodicals, Contemporary Books and Pamhlets (2)\" and \"Regional and State Slavery Studies\"","Armistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"Works Dealing Chiefly With the South, Biography, Biographical Studies, Agriculture, Manufacturing, Commerce, and Transportation, The Southern Frontier, Biography, Biographies, Articles in Periodicals and Publications, General American History, State and Local History, Politics, Political and Social Change, Miltary Studies, General and Special Histories, American History: Special Topics, The Wilkinson-Burr Intrigues\"","1. The Emancipation of the Negroes, January, 1863 [January 24, 1863]\n2. Colored Troops, Under General Wild, Liberating Slaves in North Carolina [January 23, 1864] 3. A Negro Regiment In Action [March 14, 1863] 4. The Negro In The War–Various Employments of The Colored Men in The Federal Army [undated] 6. Negroes Escaping Out of Slavery [May 7, 1864] 7. Plantation Police, or Home Guard, Examining Passes on the Road Leading to the Levee of the Mississippi River [May 11, 1863] 8. Emancipated Slaves, White and Colored [January 20, 1864] 9. President Lincoln Riding Through Richmond, April 4, 1865, Immediately After The Evacuation of The City By General Lee [undated] 10. The First Vote [November 16, 1867] 11. The First Colored Senator and Representatives [undated] 12. A Remarkable Event in the History of the National Congress–The Honorable  John Willis Menard, Colored Representative From Louisiana, Receiving the Congratulations of His Friends On The Floor of the House, Dec. 7th, 1868 [undated] 13. Flower Sellers In The Market at Washington, D. C./Free Municipal Election in Richmond Since the End of The War–Registration of Colored Voters [June 4, 1870]\n14. Celebration of the Abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia by the Colored People, in Washington, April 19, 1866/A Political discussion [May 12, 1866]\n15. Educating the Freedmen/St. Philip's Church, Richmond, Virginia–School For Colored Children [May 25, 1867]\n16. Zion School For Colored Children, Charleston, South Carolina [December 15, 1866]\n17. Cotton Team In North Carolina [May 12, 1866]\n18. Our Cotton Campaign in South Carolina–Gathering, Picking and Shipping The Cotton Crops of The Sea Islands, Port Royal By The Federal Army, Under General Sherman [February 15, 1862] 19. Rice Culture on the Ogeechee, Near Savannah [January 5, 1867]\n20. Cotton Culture In The South [n. d.]","37 maps.","The ten maps in this group were reprinted in George B. Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph W. Kirkley; compiled by Calvin D. Cowles, The Official Military Atlas of the Civil War, with an Introduction by Richard Sommers (New York: The Fairfax Press, 1983) [other publishers: New York: Gramercy Books; Avenel, N. J.: distributed by Outlook Book Company, 1983]","Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"collection_ssim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"geogname_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"creator_ssm":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creators_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"places_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"access_terms_ssm":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Prof. Mildred W. Robinson, 12 June 2003;  \nTransfer by University of Virginia Press acquisitions editor Richard K. Holway, 9 August 2005; Tranfer by Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies, 2 October 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"genreform_ssim":["Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.\n  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.\n  ","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArmstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor. ","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41). ","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12). ","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n    \n    Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProminent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead L. Robinson, Scholar of the House Thesis, Yale University, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870\": Research note cards (5x8 multicolored-lined):\"Pre 1865, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1866 (again), Not yet Filed, 1870 (2)\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead L. Robinson, Scholar of the House Thesis, Yale University, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870\": Research note cards (5x8 multicolored-lined):\"1865, 1866 (2), 1867, 1869, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869 (again), 1870 (2), Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1866,1867, 1868,1869,1870, Not Yet Filed, 1865,1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870 Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1866, General Patterns, A-W\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"A-W and unrelated miscellaneous note cards\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"Maps, Official Documents, Government Documents: Federal, Guides to Manuscript Collections, Guide to Printed Materials, Special Collections, Printed Public Documents, Miscellaneous Documents, Newspapers (4), Urban Directories and State Gazetteers, Periodicals, Personal Collections, Published Letters and Papers, Printed Correspondence, Memoirs, and Autobiographies, Diaries and Journals, Memoirs and Contemporary Accounts, Contemporary Periodicals, Contemporary Books and Pamhlets (2)\" and \"Regional and State Slavery Studies\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"Works Dealing Chiefly With the South, Biography, Biographical Studies, Agriculture, Manufacturing, Commerce, and Transportation, The Southern Frontier, Biography, Biographies, Articles in Periodicals and Publications, General American History, State and Local History, Politics, Political and Social Change, Miltary Studies, General and Special Histories, American History: Special Topics, The Wilkinson-Burr Intrigues\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. The Emancipation of the Negroes, January, 1863 [January 24, 1863]\n2. Colored Troops, Under General Wild, Liberating Slaves in North Carolina [January 23, 1864] 3. A Negro Regiment In Action [March 14, 1863] 4. The Negro In The War–Various Employments of The Colored Men in The Federal Army [undated] 6. Negroes Escaping Out of Slavery [May 7, 1864] 7. Plantation Police, or Home Guard, Examining Passes on the Road Leading to the Levee of the Mississippi River [May 11, 1863] 8. Emancipated Slaves, White and Colored [January 20, 1864] 9. President Lincoln Riding Through Richmond, April 4, 1865, Immediately After The Evacuation of The City By General Lee [undated] 10. The First Vote [November 16, 1867] 11. The First Colored Senator and Representatives [undated] 12. A Remarkable Event in the History of the National Congress–The Honorable  John Willis Menard, Colored Representative From Louisiana, Receiving the Congratulations of His Friends On The Floor of the House, Dec. 7th, 1868 [undated] 13. Flower Sellers In The Market at Washington, D. C./Free Municipal Election in Richmond Since the End of The War–Registration of Colored Voters [June 4, 1870]\n14. Celebration of the Abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia by the Colored People, in Washington, April 19, 1866/A Political discussion [May 12, 1866]\n15. Educating the Freedmen/St. Philip's Church, Richmond, Virginia–School For Colored Children [May 25, 1867]\n16. Zion School For Colored Children, Charleston, South Carolina [December 15, 1866]\n17. Cotton Team In North Carolina [May 12, 1866]\n18. Our Cotton Campaign in South Carolina–Gathering, Picking and Shipping The Cotton Crops of The Sea Islands, Port Royal By The Federal Army, Under General Sherman [February 15, 1862] 19. Rice Culture on the Ogeechee, Near Savannah [January 5, 1867]\n20. Cotton Culture In The South [n. d.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e37 maps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe ten maps in this group were reprinted in George B. Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph W. Kirkley; compiled by Calvin D. Cowles, The Official Military Atlas of the Civil War, with an Introduction by Richard Sommers (New York: The Fairfax Press, 1983) [other publishers: New York: Gramercy Books; Avenel, N. J.: distributed by Outlook Book Company, 1983]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","\n    \n    Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails. ","Armistead L. Robinson, Scholar of the House Thesis, Yale University, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870\": Research note cards (5x8 multicolored-lined):\"Pre 1865, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1866 (again), Not yet Filed, 1870 (2)\"","Armistead L. Robinson, Scholar of the House Thesis, Yale University, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870\": Research note cards (5x8 multicolored-lined):\"1865, 1866 (2), 1867, 1869, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869 (again), 1870 (2), Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1866,1867, 1868,1869,1870, Not Yet Filed, 1865,1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870 Not Yet Filed, 1865, 1866, General Patterns, A-W\"","Armistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"A-W and unrelated miscellaneous note cards","Armistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"Maps, Official Documents, Government Documents: Federal, Guides to Manuscript Collections, Guide to Printed Materials, Special Collections, Printed Public Documents, Miscellaneous Documents, Newspapers (4), Urban Directories and State Gazetteers, Periodicals, Personal Collections, Published Letters and Papers, Printed Correspondence, Memoirs, and Autobiographies, Diaries and Journals, Memoirs and Contemporary Accounts, Contemporary Periodicals, Contemporary Books and Pamhlets (2)\" and \"Regional and State Slavery Studies\"","Armistead L. Robinson dissertation, University of Rochester, \"Day of Jubilo: The Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865\": Bibliographic note cards (5x8 white-lined): \"Works Dealing Chiefly With the South, Biography, Biographical Studies, Agriculture, Manufacturing, Commerce, and Transportation, The Southern Frontier, Biography, Biographies, Articles in Periodicals and Publications, General American History, State and Local History, Politics, Political and Social Change, Miltary Studies, General and Special Histories, American History: Special Topics, The Wilkinson-Burr Intrigues\"","1. The Emancipation of the Negroes, January, 1863 [January 24, 1863]\n2. Colored Troops, Under General Wild, Liberating Slaves in North Carolina [January 23, 1864] 3. A Negro Regiment In Action [March 14, 1863] 4. The Negro In The War–Various Employments of The Colored Men in The Federal Army [undated] 6. Negroes Escaping Out of Slavery [May 7, 1864] 7. Plantation Police, or Home Guard, Examining Passes on the Road Leading to the Levee of the Mississippi River [May 11, 1863] 8. Emancipated Slaves, White and Colored [January 20, 1864] 9. President Lincoln Riding Through Richmond, April 4, 1865, Immediately After The Evacuation of The City By General Lee [undated] 10. The First Vote [November 16, 1867] 11. The First Colored Senator and Representatives [undated] 12. A Remarkable Event in the History of the National Congress–The Honorable  John Willis Menard, Colored Representative From Louisiana, Receiving the Congratulations of His Friends On The Floor of the House, Dec. 7th, 1868 [undated] 13. Flower Sellers In The Market at Washington, D. C./Free Municipal Election in Richmond Since the End of The War–Registration of Colored Voters [June 4, 1870]\n14. Celebration of the Abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia by the Colored People, in Washington, April 19, 1866/A Political discussion [May 12, 1866]\n15. Educating the Freedmen/St. Philip's Church, Richmond, Virginia–School For Colored Children [May 25, 1867]\n16. Zion School For Colored Children, Charleston, South Carolina [December 15, 1866]\n17. Cotton Team In North Carolina [May 12, 1866]\n18. Our Cotton Campaign in South Carolina–Gathering, Picking and Shipping The Cotton Crops of The Sea Islands, Port Royal By The Federal Army, Under General Sherman [February 15, 1862] 19. Rice Culture on the Ogeechee, Near Savannah [January 5, 1867]\n20. Cotton Culture In The South [n. d.]","37 maps.","The ten maps in this group were reprinted in George B. Davis, Leslie J. Perry, Joseph W. Kirkley; compiled by Calvin D. Cowles, The Official Military Atlas of the Civil War, with an Introduction by Richard Sommers (New York: The Fairfax Press, 1983) [other publishers: New York: Gramercy Books; Avenel, N. J.: distributed by Outlook Book Company, 1983]"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":71,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:47:27.185Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bennett Taylor papers--addition","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1382#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eMSS 9221 Bennett Taylor papers consist of family correspondence with letters to and from Bennett about education at the University of Virginia, descriptions of United States Civil War battles including the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F, Picketts Divison at 2nd Manassas, a prisoner exchange for Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor from Johnson Island in Lake Erie New York, and family news of descendants of Thomas Jefferson and local Charlottesville families from 1851-1894. Correspondence of Bennett Taylor (1836-1898): 30 letters. In addition to the letters there is a University of Virginia examination report for Bennett Taylor's father John Charles Randolph Taylor, dated July 5, 1860.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1382#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1382.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/146269","title_filing_ssi":"Taylor, Bennett papers addition","title_ssm":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition"],"title_tesim":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition"],"unitdate_ssm":["1851-1894"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1851-1894"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 9221","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1382"],"text":["MSS 9221","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1382","Bennett Taylor papers--addition","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","Folder 1 contains the family correspondence of 30 letters from and to Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894 including an examination from the University of Virginia for his father John Charles Randolph Taylor. This folder is an addition to Folder 2.","Folder 2 is the original collection which contains photocopies of the letters in the family correspondence of Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894. It also has printed information about the Taylor family.","There is also a CD containing digital files of the 30 letters of family correspondence.","Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor was born in 1836 to Martha Jefferson Randolph Taylor (who was a great-granddaughter of Thomas Jefferson) (1817-1857) and John Charles Randolph Taylor (1812-1875) in Jefferson County Va. [now West Virginia]. He attended the University of Virginia from 1854 to 1859. At the onset of the American Civil War, he entered the 19th Virginia Regiment, Company F, Picketts Division. After the war he became the proprietor and editor of the Charlottesville Chronicle from 1868-1871. He became clerk of the Circuit Court in 1872 and remained in that office until May 1886 when he resigned.He was also the Town Magistrate and Justice of the Peace. He practiced as an attorney at the Albemarle bar until 1889 when he went to Radford where he resided until his death.He often helped poor clients and did not receive payment for his work while he struggled to pay his own rent. He wrote to his sons that he wished he had money to help them get started in their lives. Many of his family members worked for the railroad. He was married to Lucy Colston Taylor (1842-1928) from Frederick County and they had six children, Raleigh Taylor (1869-1952), Lewis Taylor (1871-1945), John Charles Taylor (1874-1962), Pattie Taylor (1867-1903), Jane Taylor (1881-1940) and Edward Taylor (1877-1940).","MSS 9221 Bennett Taylor papers consist of family correspondence with letters to and from Bennett about education at the University of Virginia, descriptions of United States Civil War battles including the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F, Picketts Divison at 2nd Manassas, a prisoner exchange for Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor from Johnson Island in Lake Erie New York, and family news of descendants of Thomas Jefferson and local Charlottesville families from 1851-1894. Correspondence of Bennett Taylor (1836-1898): 30 letters. In addition to the letters there is a University of Virginia examination report for Bennett Taylor's father John Charles Randolph Taylor, dated July 5, 1860.","Many of the letters are digitized on the Thomas Jefferson Foundation website. Also included is a compact disk containing scans of the 30 Taylor family letters.","While Bennett Taylor had a low income and probably did not enslave people, his relatives did. Some letters describe \"servants\" who are helping them with cooking or cleaning or experiencing sickness.  One letter in particular mentions the selling of \"Eugenia\". (January 8, 1857) It is likely that this is an enslaved person.","This addition to the collection contains the original letters. The existing collection contains photocopies of the letters, and printed items including a circular about Bennett Taylor campaigning for Clerk of the Circuit Court (October 1, 1874), a Sketch of the Life of Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor, Death memoriam of Jane Hollins Randolph (January 18, 1871), and information about the death of Captain Lewis Randolph. There is also an essay containing the genealogy of Rawleigh Colston.","There is a related collection in the University Archives that contains an autograph album of Bennett Taylor with signatures of his fraternity brothers, Alph Kappa at the University of Virginia. RG-30/17/1.821","This letter from Bennett's sister Jane mentions that John and Lewis had their usual dispute about the \"North and South\".","Mentions selling \"Eugenia\" to Mr. Godwin at the bank. Don't know whether this is an enslaved person.","Probably Raleigh Thomas Colston to his sister Lucy who married Bennett Taylor. He writes to her from a Camp near Winchester and describes General Jackson's command advancing them near the Potomac with details battle.","Colston mentions that the 2nd Regiment bivouac'd Rappahannock on Picketts Duty. He also tells her that some of the men get married so that they can get a furlough.","Bennett writes to his father that he is well but that he was wounded and that he is a prisoner. He mentions that George Geiger (from Charlottesville, Virginia) was hit in the spine and is with him in the United States Hospital. Bennett is in the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F Picketts Division.","Nicholas tells Bennetts father that Bennett is well but wounded on his side and is a prisoner in Baltimore, Maryland.","Henry Gantt writes from Oakwood recommending the exchange of Bennett Taylor and praises Bennett as being his senior Captain. Gantt was from Scottsville, Virginia and served as a Colonel in the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F of Picketts Division. He fought in the Battle of Gettysburg and survived debilating wounds including his face and shoulder.\nhttps://scottsvillemuseum.com/war/gantt/home.html","Moncure Robinson writes to his nephew advising him abou the possibility of an exchange.","She writes to Bennett that they are going to Washington D. C. to see about facilitating his exchange.","General Hancock is arranging the exchange. Help obtained from Mrs Emley.","Jane Hollins Randolph writes to her grandson Bennett's wife Lucy expressing her love and happiness for them both.","S. J. C. writes about the rough experience of the campaign in the winter and is thankful it is over. Family news includes information such as Lewis is managing Lego, and Sue and John are at the University of Virginia. The Railroads have cut ten percent of all their employees and they can't pay rent.","Family news. Possible mention of enslaved person \"Jim\".  Mentions Governor Walker and business improving. (Virginia Governor Gilbert Carlton Walker 1833-1885)","She mentions that business is dependent on the Canal.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 9221","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1382"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition"],"collection_ssim":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Elizabeth Page Kirk to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 17 October 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 Cubic Feet 2 legal size folders including existing collection. One CD of digital files of the 30 family letters."],"extent_tesim":["0.08 Cubic Feet 2 legal size folders including existing collection. One CD of digital files of the 30 family letters."],"physfacet_tesim":["Original family correspondence (addition) photocopies (existing collection)"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 contains the family correspondence of 30 letters from and to Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894 including an examination from the University of Virginia for his father John Charles Randolph Taylor. This folder is an addition to Folder 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 is the original collection which contains photocopies of the letters in the family correspondence of Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894. It also has printed information about the Taylor family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a CD containing digital files of the 30 letters of family correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Folder 1 contains the family correspondence of 30 letters from and to Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894 including an examination from the University of Virginia for his father John Charles Randolph Taylor. This folder is an addition to Folder 2.","Folder 2 is the original collection which contains photocopies of the letters in the family correspondence of Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894. It also has printed information about the Taylor family.","There is also a CD containing digital files of the 30 letters of family correspondence."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor was born in 1836 to Martha Jefferson Randolph Taylor (who was a great-granddaughter of Thomas Jefferson) (1817-1857) and John Charles Randolph Taylor (1812-1875) in Jefferson County Va. [now West Virginia]. He attended the University of Virginia from 1854 to 1859. At the onset of the American Civil War, he entered the 19th Virginia Regiment, Company F, Picketts Division. After the war he became the proprietor and editor of the Charlottesville Chronicle from 1868-1871. He became clerk of the Circuit Court in 1872 and remained in that office until May 1886 when he resigned.He was also the Town Magistrate and Justice of the Peace. He practiced as an attorney at the Albemarle bar until 1889 when he went to Radford where he resided until his death.He often helped poor clients and did not receive payment for his work while he struggled to pay his own rent. He wrote to his sons that he wished he had money to help them get started in their lives. Many of his family members worked for the railroad. He was married to Lucy Colston Taylor (1842-1928) from Frederick County and they had six children, Raleigh Taylor (1869-1952), Lewis Taylor (1871-1945), John Charles Taylor (1874-1962), Pattie Taylor (1867-1903), Jane Taylor (1881-1940) and Edward Taylor (1877-1940).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor was born in 1836 to Martha Jefferson Randolph Taylor (who was a great-granddaughter of Thomas Jefferson) (1817-1857) and John Charles Randolph Taylor (1812-1875) in Jefferson County Va. [now West Virginia]. He attended the University of Virginia from 1854 to 1859. At the onset of the American Civil War, he entered the 19th Virginia Regiment, Company F, Picketts Division. After the war he became the proprietor and editor of the Charlottesville Chronicle from 1868-1871. He became clerk of the Circuit Court in 1872 and remained in that office until May 1886 when he resigned.He was also the Town Magistrate and Justice of the Peace. He practiced as an attorney at the Albemarle bar until 1889 when he went to Radford where he resided until his death.He often helped poor clients and did not receive payment for his work while he struggled to pay his own rent. He wrote to his sons that he wished he had money to help them get started in their lives. Many of his family members worked for the railroad. He was married to Lucy Colston Taylor (1842-1928) from Frederick County and they had six children, Raleigh Taylor (1869-1952), Lewis Taylor (1871-1945), John Charles Taylor (1874-1962), Pattie Taylor (1867-1903), Jane Taylor (1881-1940) and Edward Taylor (1877-1940)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 9221, Bennett Taylor papers,Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 9221, Bennett Taylor papers,Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 9221 Bennett Taylor papers consist of family correspondence with letters to and from Bennett about education at the University of Virginia, descriptions of United States Civil War battles including the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F, Picketts Divison at 2nd Manassas, a prisoner exchange for Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor from Johnson Island in Lake Erie New York, and family news of descendants of Thomas Jefferson and local Charlottesville families from 1851-1894. Correspondence of Bennett Taylor (1836-1898): 30 letters. In addition to the letters there is a University of Virginia examination report for Bennett Taylor's father John Charles Randolph Taylor, dated July 5, 1860.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany of the letters are digitized on the Thomas Jefferson Foundation website. Also included is a compact disk containing scans of the 30 Taylor family letters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile Bennett Taylor had a low income and probably did not enslave people, his relatives did. Some letters describe \"servants\" who are helping them with cooking or cleaning or experiencing sickness.  One letter in particular mentions the selling of \"Eugenia\". (January 8, 1857) It is likely that this is an enslaved person.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the collection contains the original letters. The existing collection contains photocopies of the letters, and printed items including a circular about Bennett Taylor campaigning for Clerk of the Circuit Court (October 1, 1874), a Sketch of the Life of Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor, Death memoriam of Jane Hollins Randolph (January 18, 1871), and information about the death of Captain Lewis Randolph. There is also an essay containing the genealogy of Rawleigh Colston.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is a related collection in the University Archives that contains an autograph album of Bennett Taylor with signatures of his fraternity brothers, Alph Kappa at the University of Virginia. RG-30/17/1.821\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis letter from Bennett's sister Jane mentions that John and Lewis had their usual dispute about the \"North and South\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions selling \"Eugenia\" to Mr. Godwin at the bank. Don't know whether this is an enslaved person.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProbably Raleigh Thomas Colston to his sister Lucy who married Bennett Taylor. He writes to her from a Camp near Winchester and describes General Jackson's command advancing them near the Potomac with details battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColston mentions that the 2nd Regiment bivouac'd Rappahannock on Picketts Duty. He also tells her that some of the men get married so that they can get a furlough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBennett writes to his father that he is well but that he was wounded and that he is a prisoner. He mentions that George Geiger (from Charlottesville, Virginia) was hit in the spine and is with him in the United States Hospital. Bennett is in the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F Picketts Division.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNicholas tells Bennetts father that Bennett is well but wounded on his side and is a prisoner in Baltimore, Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Gantt writes from Oakwood recommending the exchange of Bennett Taylor and praises Bennett as being his senior Captain. Gantt was from Scottsville, Virginia and served as a Colonel in the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F of Picketts Division. He fought in the Battle of Gettysburg and survived debilating wounds including his face and shoulder.\nhttps://scottsvillemuseum.com/war/gantt/home.html\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMoncure Robinson writes to his nephew advising him abou the possibility of an exchange.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe writes to Bennett that they are going to Washington D. C. to see about facilitating his exchange.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Hancock is arranging the exchange. Help obtained from Mrs Emley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJane Hollins Randolph writes to her grandson Bennett's wife Lucy expressing her love and happiness for them both.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eS. J. C. writes about the rough experience of the campaign in the winter and is thankful it is over. Family news includes information such as Lewis is managing Lego, and Sue and John are at the University of Virginia. The Railroads have cut ten percent of all their employees and they can't pay rent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily news. Possible mention of enslaved person \"Jim\".  Mentions Governor Walker and business improving. (Virginia Governor Gilbert Carlton Walker 1833-1885)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe mentions that business is dependent on the Canal.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["MSS 9221 Bennett Taylor papers consist of family correspondence with letters to and from Bennett about education at the University of Virginia, descriptions of United States Civil War battles including the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F, Picketts Divison at 2nd Manassas, a prisoner exchange for Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor from Johnson Island in Lake Erie New York, and family news of descendants of Thomas Jefferson and local Charlottesville families from 1851-1894. Correspondence of Bennett Taylor (1836-1898): 30 letters. In addition to the letters there is a University of Virginia examination report for Bennett Taylor's father John Charles Randolph Taylor, dated July 5, 1860.","Many of the letters are digitized on the Thomas Jefferson Foundation website. Also included is a compact disk containing scans of the 30 Taylor family letters.","While Bennett Taylor had a low income and probably did not enslave people, his relatives did. Some letters describe \"servants\" who are helping them with cooking or cleaning or experiencing sickness.  One letter in particular mentions the selling of \"Eugenia\". (January 8, 1857) It is likely that this is an enslaved person.","This addition to the collection contains the original letters. The existing collection contains photocopies of the letters, and printed items including a circular about Bennett Taylor campaigning for Clerk of the Circuit Court (October 1, 1874), a Sketch of the Life of Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor, Death memoriam of Jane Hollins Randolph (January 18, 1871), and information about the death of Captain Lewis Randolph. There is also an essay containing the genealogy of Rawleigh Colston.","There is a related collection in the University Archives that contains an autograph album of Bennett Taylor with signatures of his fraternity brothers, Alph Kappa at the University of Virginia. RG-30/17/1.821","This letter from Bennett's sister Jane mentions that John and Lewis had their usual dispute about the \"North and South\".","Mentions selling \"Eugenia\" to Mr. Godwin at the bank. Don't know whether this is an enslaved person.","Probably Raleigh Thomas Colston to his sister Lucy who married Bennett Taylor. He writes to her from a Camp near Winchester and describes General Jackson's command advancing them near the Potomac with details battle.","Colston mentions that the 2nd Regiment bivouac'd Rappahannock on Picketts Duty. He also tells her that some of the men get married so that they can get a furlough.","Bennett writes to his father that he is well but that he was wounded and that he is a prisoner. He mentions that George Geiger (from Charlottesville, Virginia) was hit in the spine and is with him in the United States Hospital. Bennett is in the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F Picketts Division.","Nicholas tells Bennetts father that Bennett is well but wounded on his side and is a prisoner in Baltimore, Maryland.","Henry Gantt writes from Oakwood recommending the exchange of Bennett Taylor and praises Bennett as being his senior Captain. Gantt was from Scottsville, Virginia and served as a Colonel in the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F of Picketts Division. He fought in the Battle of Gettysburg and survived debilating wounds including his face and shoulder.\nhttps://scottsvillemuseum.com/war/gantt/home.html","Moncure Robinson writes to his nephew advising him abou the possibility of an exchange.","She writes to Bennett that they are going to Washington D. C. to see about facilitating his exchange.","General Hancock is arranging the exchange. Help obtained from Mrs Emley.","Jane Hollins Randolph writes to her grandson Bennett's wife Lucy expressing her love and happiness for them both.","S. J. C. writes about the rough experience of the campaign in the winter and is thankful it is over. Family news includes information such as Lewis is managing Lego, and Sue and John are at the University of Virginia. The Railroads have cut ten percent of all their employees and they can't pay rent.","Family news. Possible mention of enslaved person \"Jim\".  Mentions Governor Walker and business improving. (Virginia Governor Gilbert Carlton Walker 1833-1885)","She mentions that business is dependent on the Canal."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":36,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:23:27.213Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1382","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1382.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/146269","title_filing_ssi":"Taylor, Bennett papers addition","title_ssm":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition"],"title_tesim":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition"],"unitdate_ssm":["1851-1894"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1851-1894"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 9221","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1382"],"text":["MSS 9221","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1382","Bennett Taylor papers--addition","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","Folder 1 contains the family correspondence of 30 letters from and to Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894 including an examination from the University of Virginia for his father John Charles Randolph Taylor. This folder is an addition to Folder 2.","Folder 2 is the original collection which contains photocopies of the letters in the family correspondence of Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894. It also has printed information about the Taylor family.","There is also a CD containing digital files of the 30 letters of family correspondence.","Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor was born in 1836 to Martha Jefferson Randolph Taylor (who was a great-granddaughter of Thomas Jefferson) (1817-1857) and John Charles Randolph Taylor (1812-1875) in Jefferson County Va. [now West Virginia]. He attended the University of Virginia from 1854 to 1859. At the onset of the American Civil War, he entered the 19th Virginia Regiment, Company F, Picketts Division. After the war he became the proprietor and editor of the Charlottesville Chronicle from 1868-1871. He became clerk of the Circuit Court in 1872 and remained in that office until May 1886 when he resigned.He was also the Town Magistrate and Justice of the Peace. He practiced as an attorney at the Albemarle bar until 1889 when he went to Radford where he resided until his death.He often helped poor clients and did not receive payment for his work while he struggled to pay his own rent. He wrote to his sons that he wished he had money to help them get started in their lives. Many of his family members worked for the railroad. He was married to Lucy Colston Taylor (1842-1928) from Frederick County and they had six children, Raleigh Taylor (1869-1952), Lewis Taylor (1871-1945), John Charles Taylor (1874-1962), Pattie Taylor (1867-1903), Jane Taylor (1881-1940) and Edward Taylor (1877-1940).","MSS 9221 Bennett Taylor papers consist of family correspondence with letters to and from Bennett about education at the University of Virginia, descriptions of United States Civil War battles including the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F, Picketts Divison at 2nd Manassas, a prisoner exchange for Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor from Johnson Island in Lake Erie New York, and family news of descendants of Thomas Jefferson and local Charlottesville families from 1851-1894. Correspondence of Bennett Taylor (1836-1898): 30 letters. In addition to the letters there is a University of Virginia examination report for Bennett Taylor's father John Charles Randolph Taylor, dated July 5, 1860.","Many of the letters are digitized on the Thomas Jefferson Foundation website. Also included is a compact disk containing scans of the 30 Taylor family letters.","While Bennett Taylor had a low income and probably did not enslave people, his relatives did. Some letters describe \"servants\" who are helping them with cooking or cleaning or experiencing sickness.  One letter in particular mentions the selling of \"Eugenia\". (January 8, 1857) It is likely that this is an enslaved person.","This addition to the collection contains the original letters. The existing collection contains photocopies of the letters, and printed items including a circular about Bennett Taylor campaigning for Clerk of the Circuit Court (October 1, 1874), a Sketch of the Life of Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor, Death memoriam of Jane Hollins Randolph (January 18, 1871), and information about the death of Captain Lewis Randolph. There is also an essay containing the genealogy of Rawleigh Colston.","There is a related collection in the University Archives that contains an autograph album of Bennett Taylor with signatures of his fraternity brothers, Alph Kappa at the University of Virginia. RG-30/17/1.821","This letter from Bennett's sister Jane mentions that John and Lewis had their usual dispute about the \"North and South\".","Mentions selling \"Eugenia\" to Mr. Godwin at the bank. Don't know whether this is an enslaved person.","Probably Raleigh Thomas Colston to his sister Lucy who married Bennett Taylor. He writes to her from a Camp near Winchester and describes General Jackson's command advancing them near the Potomac with details battle.","Colston mentions that the 2nd Regiment bivouac'd Rappahannock on Picketts Duty. He also tells her that some of the men get married so that they can get a furlough.","Bennett writes to his father that he is well but that he was wounded and that he is a prisoner. He mentions that George Geiger (from Charlottesville, Virginia) was hit in the spine and is with him in the United States Hospital. Bennett is in the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F Picketts Division.","Nicholas tells Bennetts father that Bennett is well but wounded on his side and is a prisoner in Baltimore, Maryland.","Henry Gantt writes from Oakwood recommending the exchange of Bennett Taylor and praises Bennett as being his senior Captain. Gantt was from Scottsville, Virginia and served as a Colonel in the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F of Picketts Division. He fought in the Battle of Gettysburg and survived debilating wounds including his face and shoulder.\nhttps://scottsvillemuseum.com/war/gantt/home.html","Moncure Robinson writes to his nephew advising him abou the possibility of an exchange.","She writes to Bennett that they are going to Washington D. C. to see about facilitating his exchange.","General Hancock is arranging the exchange. Help obtained from Mrs Emley.","Jane Hollins Randolph writes to her grandson Bennett's wife Lucy expressing her love and happiness for them both.","S. J. C. writes about the rough experience of the campaign in the winter and is thankful it is over. Family news includes information such as Lewis is managing Lego, and Sue and John are at the University of Virginia. The Railroads have cut ten percent of all their employees and they can't pay rent.","Family news. Possible mention of enslaved person \"Jim\".  Mentions Governor Walker and business improving. (Virginia Governor Gilbert Carlton Walker 1833-1885)","She mentions that business is dependent on the Canal.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 9221","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1382"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition"],"collection_ssim":["Bennett Taylor papers--addition"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Elizabeth Page Kirk to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 17 October 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 Cubic Feet 2 legal size folders including existing collection. One CD of digital files of the 30 family letters."],"extent_tesim":["0.08 Cubic Feet 2 legal size folders including existing collection. One CD of digital files of the 30 family letters."],"physfacet_tesim":["Original family correspondence (addition) photocopies (existing collection)"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFolder 1 contains the family correspondence of 30 letters from and to Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894 including an examination from the University of Virginia for his father John Charles Randolph Taylor. This folder is an addition to Folder 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFolder 2 is the original collection which contains photocopies of the letters in the family correspondence of Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894. It also has printed information about the Taylor family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a CD containing digital files of the 30 letters of family correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Folder 1 contains the family correspondence of 30 letters from and to Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894 including an examination from the University of Virginia for his father John Charles Randolph Taylor. This folder is an addition to Folder 2.","Folder 2 is the original collection which contains photocopies of the letters in the family correspondence of Bennett Taylor from 1851 to 1894. It also has printed information about the Taylor family.","There is also a CD containing digital files of the 30 letters of family correspondence."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor was born in 1836 to Martha Jefferson Randolph Taylor (who was a great-granddaughter of Thomas Jefferson) (1817-1857) and John Charles Randolph Taylor (1812-1875) in Jefferson County Va. [now West Virginia]. He attended the University of Virginia from 1854 to 1859. At the onset of the American Civil War, he entered the 19th Virginia Regiment, Company F, Picketts Division. After the war he became the proprietor and editor of the Charlottesville Chronicle from 1868-1871. He became clerk of the Circuit Court in 1872 and remained in that office until May 1886 when he resigned.He was also the Town Magistrate and Justice of the Peace. He practiced as an attorney at the Albemarle bar until 1889 when he went to Radford where he resided until his death.He often helped poor clients and did not receive payment for his work while he struggled to pay his own rent. He wrote to his sons that he wished he had money to help them get started in their lives. Many of his family members worked for the railroad. He was married to Lucy Colston Taylor (1842-1928) from Frederick County and they had six children, Raleigh Taylor (1869-1952), Lewis Taylor (1871-1945), John Charles Taylor (1874-1962), Pattie Taylor (1867-1903), Jane Taylor (1881-1940) and Edward Taylor (1877-1940).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor was born in 1836 to Martha Jefferson Randolph Taylor (who was a great-granddaughter of Thomas Jefferson) (1817-1857) and John Charles Randolph Taylor (1812-1875) in Jefferson County Va. [now West Virginia]. He attended the University of Virginia from 1854 to 1859. At the onset of the American Civil War, he entered the 19th Virginia Regiment, Company F, Picketts Division. After the war he became the proprietor and editor of the Charlottesville Chronicle from 1868-1871. He became clerk of the Circuit Court in 1872 and remained in that office until May 1886 when he resigned.He was also the Town Magistrate and Justice of the Peace. He practiced as an attorney at the Albemarle bar until 1889 when he went to Radford where he resided until his death.He often helped poor clients and did not receive payment for his work while he struggled to pay his own rent. He wrote to his sons that he wished he had money to help them get started in their lives. Many of his family members worked for the railroad. He was married to Lucy Colston Taylor (1842-1928) from Frederick County and they had six children, Raleigh Taylor (1869-1952), Lewis Taylor (1871-1945), John Charles Taylor (1874-1962), Pattie Taylor (1867-1903), Jane Taylor (1881-1940) and Edward Taylor (1877-1940)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 9221, Bennett Taylor papers,Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 9221, Bennett Taylor papers,Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 9221 Bennett Taylor papers consist of family correspondence with letters to and from Bennett about education at the University of Virginia, descriptions of United States Civil War battles including the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F, Picketts Divison at 2nd Manassas, a prisoner exchange for Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor from Johnson Island in Lake Erie New York, and family news of descendants of Thomas Jefferson and local Charlottesville families from 1851-1894. Correspondence of Bennett Taylor (1836-1898): 30 letters. In addition to the letters there is a University of Virginia examination report for Bennett Taylor's father John Charles Randolph Taylor, dated July 5, 1860.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany of the letters are digitized on the Thomas Jefferson Foundation website. Also included is a compact disk containing scans of the 30 Taylor family letters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile Bennett Taylor had a low income and probably did not enslave people, his relatives did. Some letters describe \"servants\" who are helping them with cooking or cleaning or experiencing sickness.  One letter in particular mentions the selling of \"Eugenia\". (January 8, 1857) It is likely that this is an enslaved person.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the collection contains the original letters. The existing collection contains photocopies of the letters, and printed items including a circular about Bennett Taylor campaigning for Clerk of the Circuit Court (October 1, 1874), a Sketch of the Life of Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor, Death memoriam of Jane Hollins Randolph (January 18, 1871), and information about the death of Captain Lewis Randolph. There is also an essay containing the genealogy of Rawleigh Colston.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is a related collection in the University Archives that contains an autograph album of Bennett Taylor with signatures of his fraternity brothers, Alph Kappa at the University of Virginia. RG-30/17/1.821\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis letter from Bennett's sister Jane mentions that John and Lewis had their usual dispute about the \"North and South\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions selling \"Eugenia\" to Mr. Godwin at the bank. Don't know whether this is an enslaved person.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProbably Raleigh Thomas Colston to his sister Lucy who married Bennett Taylor. He writes to her from a Camp near Winchester and describes General Jackson's command advancing them near the Potomac with details battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColston mentions that the 2nd Regiment bivouac'd Rappahannock on Picketts Duty. He also tells her that some of the men get married so that they can get a furlough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBennett writes to his father that he is well but that he was wounded and that he is a prisoner. He mentions that George Geiger (from Charlottesville, Virginia) was hit in the spine and is with him in the United States Hospital. Bennett is in the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F Picketts Division.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNicholas tells Bennetts father that Bennett is well but wounded on his side and is a prisoner in Baltimore, Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Gantt writes from Oakwood recommending the exchange of Bennett Taylor and praises Bennett as being his senior Captain. Gantt was from Scottsville, Virginia and served as a Colonel in the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F of Picketts Division. He fought in the Battle of Gettysburg and survived debilating wounds including his face and shoulder.\nhttps://scottsvillemuseum.com/war/gantt/home.html\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMoncure Robinson writes to his nephew advising him abou the possibility of an exchange.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe writes to Bennett that they are going to Washington D. C. to see about facilitating his exchange.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Hancock is arranging the exchange. Help obtained from Mrs Emley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJane Hollins Randolph writes to her grandson Bennett's wife Lucy expressing her love and happiness for them both.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eS. J. C. writes about the rough experience of the campaign in the winter and is thankful it is over. Family news includes information such as Lewis is managing Lego, and Sue and John are at the University of Virginia. The Railroads have cut ten percent of all their employees and they can't pay rent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily news. Possible mention of enslaved person \"Jim\".  Mentions Governor Walker and business improving. (Virginia Governor Gilbert Carlton Walker 1833-1885)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe mentions that business is dependent on the Canal.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["MSS 9221 Bennett Taylor papers consist of family correspondence with letters to and from Bennett about education at the University of Virginia, descriptions of United States Civil War battles including the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F, Picketts Divison at 2nd Manassas, a prisoner exchange for Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor from Johnson Island in Lake Erie New York, and family news of descendants of Thomas Jefferson and local Charlottesville families from 1851-1894. Correspondence of Bennett Taylor (1836-1898): 30 letters. In addition to the letters there is a University of Virginia examination report for Bennett Taylor's father John Charles Randolph Taylor, dated July 5, 1860.","Many of the letters are digitized on the Thomas Jefferson Foundation website. Also included is a compact disk containing scans of the 30 Taylor family letters.","While Bennett Taylor had a low income and probably did not enslave people, his relatives did. Some letters describe \"servants\" who are helping them with cooking or cleaning or experiencing sickness.  One letter in particular mentions the selling of \"Eugenia\". (January 8, 1857) It is likely that this is an enslaved person.","This addition to the collection contains the original letters. The existing collection contains photocopies of the letters, and printed items including a circular about Bennett Taylor campaigning for Clerk of the Circuit Court (October 1, 1874), a Sketch of the Life of Lieutenant Colonel Bennett Taylor, Death memoriam of Jane Hollins Randolph (January 18, 1871), and information about the death of Captain Lewis Randolph. There is also an essay containing the genealogy of Rawleigh Colston.","There is a related collection in the University Archives that contains an autograph album of Bennett Taylor with signatures of his fraternity brothers, Alph Kappa at the University of Virginia. RG-30/17/1.821","This letter from Bennett's sister Jane mentions that John and Lewis had their usual dispute about the \"North and South\".","Mentions selling \"Eugenia\" to Mr. Godwin at the bank. Don't know whether this is an enslaved person.","Probably Raleigh Thomas Colston to his sister Lucy who married Bennett Taylor. He writes to her from a Camp near Winchester and describes General Jackson's command advancing them near the Potomac with details battle.","Colston mentions that the 2nd Regiment bivouac'd Rappahannock on Picketts Duty. He also tells her that some of the men get married so that they can get a furlough.","Bennett writes to his father that he is well but that he was wounded and that he is a prisoner. He mentions that George Geiger (from Charlottesville, Virginia) was hit in the spine and is with him in the United States Hospital. Bennett is in the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F Picketts Division.","Nicholas tells Bennetts father that Bennett is well but wounded on his side and is a prisoner in Baltimore, Maryland.","Henry Gantt writes from Oakwood recommending the exchange of Bennett Taylor and praises Bennett as being his senior Captain. Gantt was from Scottsville, Virginia and served as a Colonel in the 19th Virginia Regiment Company F of Picketts Division. He fought in the Battle of Gettysburg and survived debilating wounds including his face and shoulder.\nhttps://scottsvillemuseum.com/war/gantt/home.html","Moncure Robinson writes to his nephew advising him abou the possibility of an exchange.","She writes to Bennett that they are going to Washington D. C. to see about facilitating his exchange.","General Hancock is arranging the exchange. Help obtained from Mrs Emley.","Jane Hollins Randolph writes to her grandson Bennett's wife Lucy expressing her love and happiness for them both.","S. J. C. writes about the rough experience of the campaign in the winter and is thankful it is over. Family news includes information such as Lewis is managing Lego, and Sue and John are at the University of Virginia. The Railroads have cut ten percent of all their employees and they can't pay rent.","Family news. Possible mention of enslaved person \"Jim\".  Mentions Governor Walker and business improving. (Virginia Governor Gilbert Carlton Walker 1833-1885)","She mentions that business is dependent on the Canal."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":36,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:23:27.213Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1382"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles E. Hewins Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_105#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_105#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Relates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_105#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_105.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/105","title_filing_ssi":"Hewins, Charles E.","title_ssm":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1856-1951, undated","Date acquired: 03/10/1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1856-1951, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 03/10/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 26","/repositories/5/resources/105"],"text":["MG 26","/repositories/5/resources/105","Charles E. Hewins Papers","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands","Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination","Sherman's March to the Sea","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","letters (correspondence)","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Military Records; Series III: Miscellaneous. The correspondence is arranged by receipient.","Captain Charles Hewins was born in Dorchester, Mass., September 2, 1841 and was the second of six children born to John and Charlotte Hewins. Volunteering at the beginning of the Civil War in the Union Army, Hewins was enrolled in Company I, 42nd Massachusetts Infantry. Hewins served in Company I until January 1863 when he was taken prisoner at Galveston, Texas. During this same year, Charles' oldest brother William was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Charles however, was fortunately paroled after a short confinement in a prisoner of war camp. After a prisoner exchange was arranged at New Orleans, Hewins returned for a brief period to his home in Dorchester and then came to Fort Monroe near the close of the Civil War. While stationed at Fort Monroe, Hewins and his friend Albert Howe served under Captain Charles Wilder in the Freedman's Bureau. Following the war, both Hewins and Howe began collaborating in the general mercantile business in Hampton, Virginia.","A few years later, Charles Hewins began developing his business interests in oyster planting and harvesting. He remained in the oyster field for the rest of his life, and during the first year of business, owned and sailed two vessels, The Independence and The Farmer's Return. As one of the pioneer oyster planters of Virginia, Hewins held oyster grounds at Ballast Marsh and Hampton Bar.","On March 31, 1891 Charles Hewins married Mary E. Coats of New York state, at the time a teacher at the Hampton Institute. They resided until his death in the home that he had built on a tract of land purchased from the former Bates Estate.","Charles Hewins was active in community affairs and was a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. \u0026 A.M., and of the Hampton Commandry, Knights Templar. In 1927 Hewins suffered a stroke of paralysis and died several months later, at the age of 86.","Among those who survived Charles Hewins was his only son, Edward F. Hewins. Edward Hewins was born in 1893 in Hampton, Virginia and is the donor of the Hewins Papers to the Old Dominion University Department of Archives and Manuscripts. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Hewins achieved prominence in the Tidewater area as a marine architect at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. As was his father, he was active in local civic organizations until well advanced in years.","Note written by Susan E. Yates","For preservation reasons, researchers should use the digitized documents in  ODU Libraries Digital Collections .","The collection contains letters, military records, and other material related to Charles E. Hewins, a Massachusetts soldier who fought in the American Civil War. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to and from Hewins, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, General Sherman's southern campaign, and daily life during the war. The collection also contains military records for Hewins as well as a genealogical chart of his family. The collection has been digitized and can be found in the  Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.","This series contains the correspondence of Charles E. Hewins with family and friends, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include Abraham Lincoln's assassination, General Sherman's southern campaign, and the view of the freedmen from a Unionist's perspective. Some of the letters were written while Hewins was a prisoner at Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia. The series also contains letters sent to Hewins from family and friends concerning local affairs.","This series contains photocopies from the National Archives and the U.S. Bureau of the Interior. In both cases, these copies deal with the military record of Charles Hewins.","Copy from the National Archives","Copy from the National Archives","Copy from the US Bureau of the Interior","This series contains miscellaneous materials, among which are a brief genealogical chart of the Hewins family and a newspaper obituary for Charles Hewins.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Relates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction.","ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd","Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 26","/repositories/5/resources/105"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"creator_ssm":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"creator_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"creators_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mr. Edward F. Hewins","Gift. Accession #A78-19"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination","Sherman's March to the Sea","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination","Sherman's March to the Sea","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.20 Linear Feet","One half Hollinger document case boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.20 Linear Feet","One half Hollinger document case boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into three series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Military Records; Series III: Miscellaneous. The correspondence is arranged by receipient.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Military Records; Series III: Miscellaneous. The correspondence is arranged by receipient."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain Charles Hewins was born in Dorchester, Mass., September 2, 1841 and was the second of six children born to John and Charlotte Hewins. Volunteering at the beginning of the Civil War in the Union Army, Hewins was enrolled in Company I, 42nd Massachusetts Infantry. Hewins served in Company I until January 1863 when he was taken prisoner at Galveston, Texas. During this same year, Charles' oldest brother William was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Charles however, was fortunately paroled after a short confinement in a prisoner of war camp. After a prisoner exchange was arranged at New Orleans, Hewins returned for a brief period to his home in Dorchester and then came to Fort Monroe near the close of the Civil War. While stationed at Fort Monroe, Hewins and his friend Albert Howe served under Captain Charles Wilder in the Freedman's Bureau. Following the war, both Hewins and Howe began collaborating in the general mercantile business in Hampton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA few years later, Charles Hewins began developing his business interests in oyster planting and harvesting. He remained in the oyster field for the rest of his life, and during the first year of business, owned and sailed two vessels, The Independence and The Farmer's Return. As one of the pioneer oyster planters of Virginia, Hewins held oyster grounds at Ballast Marsh and Hampton Bar.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn March 31, 1891 Charles Hewins married Mary E. Coats of New York state, at the time a teacher at the Hampton Institute. They resided until his death in the home that he had built on a tract of land purchased from the former Bates Estate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles Hewins was active in community affairs and was a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. \u0026amp; A.M., and of the Hampton Commandry, Knights Templar. In 1927 Hewins suffered a stroke of paralysis and died several months later, at the age of 86.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong those who survived Charles Hewins was his only son, Edward F. Hewins. Edward Hewins was born in 1893 in Hampton, Virginia and is the donor of the Hewins Papers to the Old Dominion University Department of Archives and Manuscripts. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Hewins achieved prominence in the Tidewater area as a marine architect at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. As was his father, he was active in local civic organizations until well advanced in years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Susan E. Yates\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Captain Charles Hewins was born in Dorchester, Mass., September 2, 1841 and was the second of six children born to John and Charlotte Hewins. Volunteering at the beginning of the Civil War in the Union Army, Hewins was enrolled in Company I, 42nd Massachusetts Infantry. Hewins served in Company I until January 1863 when he was taken prisoner at Galveston, Texas. During this same year, Charles' oldest brother William was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Charles however, was fortunately paroled after a short confinement in a prisoner of war camp. After a prisoner exchange was arranged at New Orleans, Hewins returned for a brief period to his home in Dorchester and then came to Fort Monroe near the close of the Civil War. While stationed at Fort Monroe, Hewins and his friend Albert Howe served under Captain Charles Wilder in the Freedman's Bureau. Following the war, both Hewins and Howe began collaborating in the general mercantile business in Hampton, Virginia.","A few years later, Charles Hewins began developing his business interests in oyster planting and harvesting. He remained in the oyster field for the rest of his life, and during the first year of business, owned and sailed two vessels, The Independence and The Farmer's Return. As one of the pioneer oyster planters of Virginia, Hewins held oyster grounds at Ballast Marsh and Hampton Bar.","On March 31, 1891 Charles Hewins married Mary E. Coats of New York state, at the time a teacher at the Hampton Institute. They resided until his death in the home that he had built on a tract of land purchased from the former Bates Estate.","Charles Hewins was active in community affairs and was a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. \u0026 A.M., and of the Hampton Commandry, Knights Templar. In 1927 Hewins suffered a stroke of paralysis and died several months later, at the age of 86.","Among those who survived Charles Hewins was his only son, Edward F. Hewins. Edward Hewins was born in 1893 in Hampton, Virginia and is the donor of the Hewins Papers to the Old Dominion University Department of Archives and Manuscripts. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Hewins achieved prominence in the Tidewater area as a marine architect at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. As was his father, he was active in local civic organizations until well advanced in years.","Note written by Susan E. Yates"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C03843740-ad44-4370-a698-487ec8bec648/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C87ab8e75-be58-41af-9193-f0875bbff12f/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C87ab8e75-be58-41af-9193-f0875bbff12f/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C7b2d919e-f1d7-46c6-932b-844f5725812e/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C90267c8a-57d9-40ce-8d4a-13002da2d974/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cda03e2e5-0594-4ab7-b61e-9dd5c81ef996/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C638b267f-f387-472b-a17c-1c80bbfcb27e/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C00a23a73-181d-4f81-a053-a2836c0b79ab/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C9b3eb1d7-4b75-4188-83f4-735c6ced2fb6/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cd6564211-1033-4cf2-b545-5e724180121e/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C14f37c9e-87db-4ef7-8dd9-428ab7c95dff/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C959c6648-814f-4065-863a-f4d36a65572d/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C39cda6f9-717c-4c3a-9b0b-ea3557a4ebe2/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C0d62d0af-249f-4681-888b-cd204b405997/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C520241dd-badf-4bda-9149-69e45e6cdfef/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C314b55c9-6946-4255-845e-601d79db2884/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Ce19445be-95a4-4075-94f7-27c747f1534d/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C2ea6f190-2553-4481-9c19-15fa4c340cc0/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C2083080f-8377-458d-86d2-f2ba2044d412/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C6b535edf-67fe-4c44-a19e-aa4fb58670b5/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C953553fd-f70a-4d1f-b5dc-b3eddf3a3678/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C81cbb8da-35a9-4ca4-bdf0-a65a2f6abf18/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C94be686e-a937-47fa-891e-dab5eabaefde/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C1de95eef-ba6d-4306-acfe-2adb91af0b9f/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cb08df7cf-b951-4f96-a6a9-676fd9852d2a/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C914bb0e6-5c93-486d-9261-db32db81d33e/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cd1b30eb7-688d-478e-bc75-c7d49c44079b/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C9d306596-3d2c-47b4-9fe6-000e0b9a9f5b/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C27ea7c3d-88d3-4920-a0f0-bbbc4a56a2c6/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C9d317fb1-1a8a-4cfe-8928-628b38281064/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C6950570a-46e7-435b-bf6a-57e5aebb5828/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cebb19f06-3402-4fb9-a8c7-9259afa11154/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Ccf854a7b-de10-443e-8a58-7dc5f2021a6e/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cbd3969ca-0e97-421a-8857-9c5265dbdff2/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C7306432c-c1a5-414c-bb1d-e13a5419718f/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cdc9c0dac-889e-4bc3-8cd1-edf39b3d3b12/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Ca66906fb-381d-465e-933e-85d020a4a66a/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C33012c0a-eb8d-4852-9439-00820c0baba1/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C2c4e703c-3a99-4f2a-bdfa-6d47061a026b/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cee6d2492-e260-48ce-811c-121c6f16e131/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C37526256-9e84-4dc0-8ac4-7dfa0703d1a9/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Caaffabec-a7df-4883-a86d-9e6c9daafa0c/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C87a4aa13-6a96-4ea2-82ae-6ebd878c6b35/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C5f1d67a4-72ca-4b1e-b8c7-6ca13a668fcf/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cf24f46ec-777d-43e2-b724-5375f0712608/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit|99ceb16d-8e7c-4111-b43e-b452260592e0/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C003cc96c-57af-478e-96b1-bc18d1003af5/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Caab4aad6-f8bd-4c26-8f58-474a6c1e3304/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor preservation reasons, researchers should use the digitized documents in \u003ca href=\"https://dc.lib.odu.edu/digital/collection/hewins/search\"\u003eODU Libraries Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["For preservation reasons, researchers should use the digitized documents in  ODU Libraries Digital Collections ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 1, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins  (Mother), 1863 June 1-1868 March 13, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 2, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 3, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1865, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 4, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1866, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 5, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1867, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 6, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1862-1865, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 7, Mr. John Capen Hewins, 1864, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 8, Charlotte Hewins, 1862-1863, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 9, Helen Hewins, 1863 March 5, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 10, Susie Hewins, 1863 February 27-1866 June 15, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 11, Lillian H. Gay, 1926 November, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 12, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864 June 12-December 14, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 13, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864 December 25-1866 September 2, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 14, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1867 February 3-1868 May 9, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 15, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1869 Novmber 14, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 16, Helen Hewins, 1865 January 1, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 17, John Foster Hewins, 1864 March 30-1894 February 4, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 18, Richard Hewins, 1876 May 24, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 19, Susie Hewins, 1864 May 29-1869 January 2, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 20, Captain Charles B. Wilder, 1880 November, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 21, Clarence, 1864 July 10, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 22, George G. French, 1877 February 25-1878 June 20, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 23, Albert Howe, 1877 August 6, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 24, J.A. Lowe, 1869 February 4, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 25, Increase S. Smith, 1857 December 30, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 26, Codman Cemetery, 1941-1951, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 27, Mrs. Charles B. Wilder to Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864 February 22, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 28, Civil War Company Muster Role, 1863, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 29, Civil War Prisoner of War Record, 1863, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 30, Charles E. Hewins Pension File, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 31, Order of Exercise at the Gibson Grammer School, 1856 March 24, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 32, Newspaper Obituaries for Charles E. Hewins, 1927, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 33, Hewins Family Genealogical Chart, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 34, Calling Cards: Lucia F.M. Fenner, Dr. and Mrs. Boutelle, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 1, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins  (Mother), 1863 June 1-1868 March 13, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 2, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 3, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1865, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 4, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1866, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 5, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1867, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 6, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1862-1865, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 7, Mr. John Capen Hewins, 1864, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 8, Charlotte Hewins, 1862-1863, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 9, Helen Hewins, 1863 March 5, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 10, Susie Hewins, 1863 February 27-1866 June 15, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 11, Lillian H. Gay, 1926 November, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 12, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864 June 12-December 14, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 13, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864 December 25-1866 September 2, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 14, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1867 February 3-1868 May 9, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 15, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1869 Novmber 14, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 16, Helen Hewins, 1865 January 1, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 17, John Foster Hewins, 1864 March 30-1894 February 4, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 18, Richard Hewins, 1876 May 24, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 19, Susie Hewins, 1864 May 29-1869 January 2, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 20, Captain Charles B. Wilder, 1880 November, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 21, Clarence, 1864 July 10, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 22, George G. French, 1877 February 25-1878 June 20, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 23, Albert Howe, 1877 August 6, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 24, J.A. Lowe, 1869 February 4, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 25, Increase S. Smith, 1857 December 30, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 26, Codman Cemetery, 1941-1951, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 27, Mrs. Charles B. Wilder to Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864 February 22, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 28, Civil War Company Muster Role, 1863, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 29, Civil War Prisoner of War Record, 1863, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 30, Charles E. Hewins Pension File, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 31, Order of Exercise at the Gibson Grammer School, 1856 March 24, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 32, Newspaper Obituaries for Charles E. Hewins, 1927, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 33, Hewins Family Genealogical Chart, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 34, Calling Cards: Lucia F.M. Fenner, Dr. and Mrs. Boutelle, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters, military records, and other material related to Charles E. Hewins, a Massachusetts soldier who fought in the American Civil War. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to and from Hewins, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, General Sherman's southern campaign, and daily life during the war. The collection also contains military records for Hewins as well as a genealogical chart of his family. The collection has been digitized and can be found in the \u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/SO_03843740-ad44-4370-a698-487ec8bec648/\"\u003eOld Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the correspondence of Charles E. Hewins with family and friends, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include Abraham Lincoln's assassination, General Sherman's southern campaign, and the view of the freedmen from a Unionist's perspective. Some of the letters were written while Hewins was a prisoner at Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia. The series also contains letters sent to Hewins from family and friends concerning local affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains photocopies from the National Archives and the U.S. Bureau of the Interior. In both cases, these copies deal with the military record of Charles Hewins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy from the National Archives\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy from the National Archives\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy from the US Bureau of the Interior\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains miscellaneous materials, among which are a brief genealogical chart of the Hewins family and a newspaper obituary for Charles Hewins.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains letters, military records, and other material related to Charles E. Hewins, a Massachusetts soldier who fought in the American Civil War. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to and from Hewins, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, General Sherman's southern campaign, and daily life during the war. The collection also contains military records for Hewins as well as a genealogical chart of his family. The collection has been digitized and can be found in the  Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.","This series contains the correspondence of Charles E. Hewins with family and friends, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include Abraham Lincoln's assassination, General Sherman's southern campaign, and the view of the freedmen from a Unionist's perspective. Some of the letters were written while Hewins was a prisoner at Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia. The series also contains letters sent to Hewins from family and friends concerning local affairs.","This series contains photocopies from the National Archives and the U.S. Bureau of the Interior. In both cases, these copies deal with the military record of Charles Hewins.","Copy from the National Archives","Copy from the National Archives","Copy from the US Bureau of the Interior","This series contains miscellaneous materials, among which are a brief genealogical chart of the Hewins family and a newspaper obituary for Charles Hewins."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_764157c39486b63c2402ebbefd05721f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eRelates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Relates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd","Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd","Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd"],"persname_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":47,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T19:56:12.054Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_105.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/105","title_filing_ssi":"Hewins, Charles E.","title_ssm":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1856-1951, undated","Date acquired: 03/10/1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1856-1951, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 03/10/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 26","/repositories/5/resources/105"],"text":["MG 26","/repositories/5/resources/105","Charles E. Hewins Papers","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands","Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination","Sherman's March to the Sea","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","letters (correspondence)","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Military Records; Series III: Miscellaneous. The correspondence is arranged by receipient.","Captain Charles Hewins was born in Dorchester, Mass., September 2, 1841 and was the second of six children born to John and Charlotte Hewins. Volunteering at the beginning of the Civil War in the Union Army, Hewins was enrolled in Company I, 42nd Massachusetts Infantry. Hewins served in Company I until January 1863 when he was taken prisoner at Galveston, Texas. During this same year, Charles' oldest brother William was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Charles however, was fortunately paroled after a short confinement in a prisoner of war camp. After a prisoner exchange was arranged at New Orleans, Hewins returned for a brief period to his home in Dorchester and then came to Fort Monroe near the close of the Civil War. While stationed at Fort Monroe, Hewins and his friend Albert Howe served under Captain Charles Wilder in the Freedman's Bureau. Following the war, both Hewins and Howe began collaborating in the general mercantile business in Hampton, Virginia.","A few years later, Charles Hewins began developing his business interests in oyster planting and harvesting. He remained in the oyster field for the rest of his life, and during the first year of business, owned and sailed two vessels, The Independence and The Farmer's Return. As one of the pioneer oyster planters of Virginia, Hewins held oyster grounds at Ballast Marsh and Hampton Bar.","On March 31, 1891 Charles Hewins married Mary E. Coats of New York state, at the time a teacher at the Hampton Institute. They resided until his death in the home that he had built on a tract of land purchased from the former Bates Estate.","Charles Hewins was active in community affairs and was a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. \u0026 A.M., and of the Hampton Commandry, Knights Templar. In 1927 Hewins suffered a stroke of paralysis and died several months later, at the age of 86.","Among those who survived Charles Hewins was his only son, Edward F. Hewins. Edward Hewins was born in 1893 in Hampton, Virginia and is the donor of the Hewins Papers to the Old Dominion University Department of Archives and Manuscripts. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Hewins achieved prominence in the Tidewater area as a marine architect at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. As was his father, he was active in local civic organizations until well advanced in years.","Note written by Susan E. Yates","For preservation reasons, researchers should use the digitized documents in  ODU Libraries Digital Collections .","The collection contains letters, military records, and other material related to Charles E. Hewins, a Massachusetts soldier who fought in the American Civil War. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to and from Hewins, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, General Sherman's southern campaign, and daily life during the war. The collection also contains military records for Hewins as well as a genealogical chart of his family. The collection has been digitized and can be found in the  Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.","This series contains the correspondence of Charles E. Hewins with family and friends, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include Abraham Lincoln's assassination, General Sherman's southern campaign, and the view of the freedmen from a Unionist's perspective. Some of the letters were written while Hewins was a prisoner at Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia. The series also contains letters sent to Hewins from family and friends concerning local affairs.","This series contains photocopies from the National Archives and the U.S. Bureau of the Interior. In both cases, these copies deal with the military record of Charles Hewins.","Copy from the National Archives","Copy from the National Archives","Copy from the US Bureau of the Interior","This series contains miscellaneous materials, among which are a brief genealogical chart of the Hewins family and a newspaper obituary for Charles Hewins.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Relates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction.","ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd","Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 26","/repositories/5/resources/105"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"creator_ssm":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"creator_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"creators_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mr. Edward F. Hewins","Gift. Accession #A78-19"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination","Sherman's March to the Sea","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination","Sherman's March to the Sea","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.20 Linear Feet","One half Hollinger document case boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.20 Linear Feet","One half Hollinger document case boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into three series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Military Records; Series III: Miscellaneous. The correspondence is arranged by receipient.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Military Records; Series III: Miscellaneous. The correspondence is arranged by receipient."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain Charles Hewins was born in Dorchester, Mass., September 2, 1841 and was the second of six children born to John and Charlotte Hewins. Volunteering at the beginning of the Civil War in the Union Army, Hewins was enrolled in Company I, 42nd Massachusetts Infantry. Hewins served in Company I until January 1863 when he was taken prisoner at Galveston, Texas. During this same year, Charles' oldest brother William was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Charles however, was fortunately paroled after a short confinement in a prisoner of war camp. After a prisoner exchange was arranged at New Orleans, Hewins returned for a brief period to his home in Dorchester and then came to Fort Monroe near the close of the Civil War. While stationed at Fort Monroe, Hewins and his friend Albert Howe served under Captain Charles Wilder in the Freedman's Bureau. Following the war, both Hewins and Howe began collaborating in the general mercantile business in Hampton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA few years later, Charles Hewins began developing his business interests in oyster planting and harvesting. He remained in the oyster field for the rest of his life, and during the first year of business, owned and sailed two vessels, The Independence and The Farmer's Return. As one of the pioneer oyster planters of Virginia, Hewins held oyster grounds at Ballast Marsh and Hampton Bar.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn March 31, 1891 Charles Hewins married Mary E. Coats of New York state, at the time a teacher at the Hampton Institute. They resided until his death in the home that he had built on a tract of land purchased from the former Bates Estate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles Hewins was active in community affairs and was a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. \u0026amp; A.M., and of the Hampton Commandry, Knights Templar. In 1927 Hewins suffered a stroke of paralysis and died several months later, at the age of 86.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong those who survived Charles Hewins was his only son, Edward F. Hewins. Edward Hewins was born in 1893 in Hampton, Virginia and is the donor of the Hewins Papers to the Old Dominion University Department of Archives and Manuscripts. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Hewins achieved prominence in the Tidewater area as a marine architect at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. As was his father, he was active in local civic organizations until well advanced in years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Susan E. Yates\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Captain Charles Hewins was born in Dorchester, Mass., September 2, 1841 and was the second of six children born to John and Charlotte Hewins. Volunteering at the beginning of the Civil War in the Union Army, Hewins was enrolled in Company I, 42nd Massachusetts Infantry. Hewins served in Company I until January 1863 when he was taken prisoner at Galveston, Texas. During this same year, Charles' oldest brother William was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Charles however, was fortunately paroled after a short confinement in a prisoner of war camp. After a prisoner exchange was arranged at New Orleans, Hewins returned for a brief period to his home in Dorchester and then came to Fort Monroe near the close of the Civil War. While stationed at Fort Monroe, Hewins and his friend Albert Howe served under Captain Charles Wilder in the Freedman's Bureau. Following the war, both Hewins and Howe began collaborating in the general mercantile business in Hampton, Virginia.","A few years later, Charles Hewins began developing his business interests in oyster planting and harvesting. He remained in the oyster field for the rest of his life, and during the first year of business, owned and sailed two vessels, The Independence and The Farmer's Return. As one of the pioneer oyster planters of Virginia, Hewins held oyster grounds at Ballast Marsh and Hampton Bar.","On March 31, 1891 Charles Hewins married Mary E. Coats of New York state, at the time a teacher at the Hampton Institute. They resided until his death in the home that he had built on a tract of land purchased from the former Bates Estate.","Charles Hewins was active in community affairs and was a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. \u0026 A.M., and of the Hampton Commandry, Knights Templar. In 1927 Hewins suffered a stroke of paralysis and died several months later, at the age of 86.","Among those who survived Charles Hewins was his only son, Edward F. Hewins. Edward Hewins was born in 1893 in Hampton, Virginia and is the donor of the Hewins Papers to the Old Dominion University Department of Archives and Manuscripts. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Hewins achieved prominence in the Tidewater area as a marine architect at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. As was his father, he was active in local civic organizations until well advanced in years.","Note written by Susan E. Yates"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C03843740-ad44-4370-a698-487ec8bec648/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C87ab8e75-be58-41af-9193-f0875bbff12f/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C87ab8e75-be58-41af-9193-f0875bbff12f/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C7b2d919e-f1d7-46c6-932b-844f5725812e/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C90267c8a-57d9-40ce-8d4a-13002da2d974/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cda03e2e5-0594-4ab7-b61e-9dd5c81ef996/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C638b267f-f387-472b-a17c-1c80bbfcb27e/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C00a23a73-181d-4f81-a053-a2836c0b79ab/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C9b3eb1d7-4b75-4188-83f4-735c6ced2fb6/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cd6564211-1033-4cf2-b545-5e724180121e/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C14f37c9e-87db-4ef7-8dd9-428ab7c95dff/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C959c6648-814f-4065-863a-f4d36a65572d/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C39cda6f9-717c-4c3a-9b0b-ea3557a4ebe2/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C0d62d0af-249f-4681-888b-cd204b405997/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C520241dd-badf-4bda-9149-69e45e6cdfef/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C314b55c9-6946-4255-845e-601d79db2884/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Ce19445be-95a4-4075-94f7-27c747f1534d/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C2ea6f190-2553-4481-9c19-15fa4c340cc0/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C2083080f-8377-458d-86d2-f2ba2044d412/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C6b535edf-67fe-4c44-a19e-aa4fb58670b5/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C953553fd-f70a-4d1f-b5dc-b3eddf3a3678/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C81cbb8da-35a9-4ca4-bdf0-a65a2f6abf18/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C94be686e-a937-47fa-891e-dab5eabaefde/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C1de95eef-ba6d-4306-acfe-2adb91af0b9f/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cb08df7cf-b951-4f96-a6a9-676fd9852d2a/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C914bb0e6-5c93-486d-9261-db32db81d33e/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cd1b30eb7-688d-478e-bc75-c7d49c44079b/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C9d306596-3d2c-47b4-9fe6-000e0b9a9f5b/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C27ea7c3d-88d3-4920-a0f0-bbbc4a56a2c6/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C9d317fb1-1a8a-4cfe-8928-628b38281064/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C6950570a-46e7-435b-bf6a-57e5aebb5828/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cebb19f06-3402-4fb9-a8c7-9259afa11154/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Ccf854a7b-de10-443e-8a58-7dc5f2021a6e/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cbd3969ca-0e97-421a-8857-9c5265dbdff2/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C7306432c-c1a5-414c-bb1d-e13a5419718f/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cdc9c0dac-889e-4bc3-8cd1-edf39b3d3b12/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Ca66906fb-381d-465e-933e-85d020a4a66a/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C33012c0a-eb8d-4852-9439-00820c0baba1/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C2c4e703c-3a99-4f2a-bdfa-6d47061a026b/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cee6d2492-e260-48ce-811c-121c6f16e131/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C37526256-9e84-4dc0-8ac4-7dfa0703d1a9/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Caaffabec-a7df-4883-a86d-9e6c9daafa0c/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C87a4aa13-6a96-4ea2-82ae-6ebd878c6b35/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C5f1d67a4-72ca-4b1e-b8c7-6ca13a668fcf/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Cf24f46ec-777d-43e2-b724-5375f0712608/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit|99ceb16d-8e7c-4111-b43e-b452260592e0/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C003cc96c-57af-478e-96b1-bc18d1003af5/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7Caab4aad6-f8bd-4c26-8f58-474a6c1e3304/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material","Related Digital Material"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections","ODU Digital Collections"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor preservation reasons, researchers should use the digitized documents in \u003ca href=\"https://dc.lib.odu.edu/digital/collection/hewins/search\"\u003eODU Libraries Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["For preservation reasons, researchers should use the digitized documents in  ODU Libraries Digital Collections ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 1, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins  (Mother), 1863 June 1-1868 March 13, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 2, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 3, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1865, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 4, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1866, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 5, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1867, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 6, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1862-1865, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 7, Mr. John Capen Hewins, 1864, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 8, Charlotte Hewins, 1862-1863, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 9, Helen Hewins, 1863 March 5, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 10, Susie Hewins, 1863 February 27-1866 June 15, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 11, Lillian H. Gay, 1926 November, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 12, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864 June 12-December 14, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 13, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864 December 25-1866 September 2, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 14, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1867 February 3-1868 May 9, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 15, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1869 Novmber 14, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 16, Helen Hewins, 1865 January 1, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 17, John Foster Hewins, 1864 March 30-1894 February 4, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 18, Richard Hewins, 1876 May 24, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 19, Susie Hewins, 1864 May 29-1869 January 2, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 20, Captain Charles B. Wilder, 1880 November, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 21, Clarence, 1864 July 10, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 22, George G. French, 1877 February 25-1878 June 20, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 23, Albert Howe, 1877 August 6, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 24, J.A. Lowe, 1869 February 4, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 25, Increase S. Smith, 1857 December 30, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 26, Codman Cemetery, 1941-1951, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 27, Mrs. Charles B. Wilder to Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864 February 22, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 28, Civil War Company Muster Role, 1863, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 29, Civil War Prisoner of War Record, 1863, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 30, Charles E. Hewins Pension File, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 31, Order of Exercise at the Gibson Grammer School, 1856 March 24, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 32, Newspaper Obituaries for Charles E. Hewins, 1927, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 33, Hewins Family Genealogical Chart, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 34, Calling Cards: Lucia F.M. Fenner, Dr. and Mrs. Boutelle, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 1, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins  (Mother), 1863 June 1-1868 March 13, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 2, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 3, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1865, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 4, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1866, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 5, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1867, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 6, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1862-1865, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 7, Mr. John Capen Hewins, 1864, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 8, Charlotte Hewins, 1862-1863, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 9, Helen Hewins, 1863 March 5, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 10, Susie Hewins, 1863 February 27-1866 June 15, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 11, Lillian H. Gay, 1926 November, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 12, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864 June 12-December 14, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 13, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864 December 25-1866 September 2, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 14, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1867 February 3-1868 May 9, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 15, Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1869 Novmber 14, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 16, Helen Hewins, 1865 January 1, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 17, John Foster Hewins, 1864 March 30-1894 February 4, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 18, Richard Hewins, 1876 May 24, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 19, Susie Hewins, 1864 May 29-1869 January 2, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 20, Captain Charles B. Wilder, 1880 November, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 21, Clarence, 1864 July 10, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 22, George G. French, 1877 February 25-1878 June 20, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 23, Albert Howe, 1877 August 6, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 24, J.A. Lowe, 1869 February 4, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 25, Increase S. Smith, 1857 December 30, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 26, Codman Cemetery, 1941-1951, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 27, Mrs. Charles B. Wilder to Mrs. Charlotte Augusta Guild Hewins, 1864 February 22, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 28, Civil War Company Muster Role, 1863, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 29, Civil War Prisoner of War Record, 1863, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 30, Charles E. Hewins Pension File, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 31, Order of Exercise at the Gibson Grammer School, 1856 March 24, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 32, Newspaper Obituaries for Charles E. Hewins, 1927, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 33, Hewins Family Genealogical Chart, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 34, Calling Cards: Lucia F.M. Fenner, Dr. and Mrs. Boutelle, undated, Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters, military records, and other material related to Charles E. Hewins, a Massachusetts soldier who fought in the American Civil War. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to and from Hewins, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, General Sherman's southern campaign, and daily life during the war. The collection also contains military records for Hewins as well as a genealogical chart of his family. The collection has been digitized and can be found in the \u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/SO_03843740-ad44-4370-a698-487ec8bec648/\"\u003eOld Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the correspondence of Charles E. Hewins with family and friends, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include Abraham Lincoln's assassination, General Sherman's southern campaign, and the view of the freedmen from a Unionist's perspective. Some of the letters were written while Hewins was a prisoner at Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia. The series also contains letters sent to Hewins from family and friends concerning local affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains photocopies from the National Archives and the U.S. Bureau of the Interior. In both cases, these copies deal with the military record of Charles Hewins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy from the National Archives\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy from the National Archives\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy from the US Bureau of the Interior\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains miscellaneous materials, among which are a brief genealogical chart of the Hewins family and a newspaper obituary for Charles Hewins.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains letters, military records, and other material related to Charles E. Hewins, a Massachusetts soldier who fought in the American Civil War. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to and from Hewins, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, General Sherman's southern campaign, and daily life during the war. The collection also contains military records for Hewins as well as a genealogical chart of his family. The collection has been digitized and can be found in the  Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.","This series contains the correspondence of Charles E. Hewins with family and friends, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include Abraham Lincoln's assassination, General Sherman's southern campaign, and the view of the freedmen from a Unionist's perspective. Some of the letters were written while Hewins was a prisoner at Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia. The series also contains letters sent to Hewins from family and friends concerning local affairs.","This series contains photocopies from the National Archives and the U.S. Bureau of the Interior. In both cases, these copies deal with the military record of Charles Hewins.","Copy from the National Archives","Copy from the National Archives","Copy from the US Bureau of the Interior","This series contains miscellaneous materials, among which are a brief genealogical chart of the Hewins family and a newspaper obituary for Charles Hewins."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_764157c39486b63c2402ebbefd05721f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eRelates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Relates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd","Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd","Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd"],"persname_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":47,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T19:56:12.054Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_105"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_816","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Fernande Gontier papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_816#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gontier, Fernande","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_816#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fernande Gontier papers (1787-2005; 8.6 cubic feet) document Dr. Gontier's scholarship on Simone de Beauvoir; Colette; Etienne Cabet and his followers in Nauvoo, Illinois; Mathilde de Morny; and Comtesse Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy. The collection includes manuscript drafts, research files, correspondence, and books representing Dr. Gontier's work. Materials also include manuscripts for cookbooks co-written by Dr. Gontier. The papers are arranged into six series.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_816#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_816","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_816","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_816","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_816","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_816.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/724","title_filing_ssi":"Gontier, Fernande, papers","title_ssm":["Fernande Gontier papers"],"title_tesim":["Fernande Gontier papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Series","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16416","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/816"],"text":["MSS 16416","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/816","Fernande Gontier papers","cookbook","letters (correspondence)","Collection is stored offsite.  Please allow 3 business days for delivery to the Small Library reading room.","Dates and items pre-1970s reflect the initial publication dates of photocopies in the collection. These historical documents, like the Icarian periodicals and Simone de Beauvoir letters, are not originals.","Series 1. Simone de Beauvoir, 1943-1989 (1.75 cubic feet). This series primarily contains photocopies Gontier made of publications by and about Simone de Beauvoir.","Series 2. Colette, 1866-2009 (3.25 cubic feet). This series contains manuscripts of Gontier's scholarship on Colette, photocopies of research materials, press coverage of Gontier and Claude Francis's biography of Colette, and the authors' correspondence with editors and publishers.","Series 3. Etienne Cabet, 1787-2001 (1.4 cubic feet). This series contains research notes on Etienne Cabet and his Icarian colony as well as photocopies of relevant research material.","Series 4. Mathilde de Morny, 1990-2000 (1 cubic foot). This series primarily contains drafts and manuscripts of Gontier's book on Mathilde de Morny, as well as photocopies of research material and publisher correspondence.","Series 5. Cookbooks, 1970-1985 (0.5 cubic foot). This series contains manuscripts and loose recipes for Gontier's book of honey recipes and a planned, unpublished successor focusing on vinegar.","Series 6. Madame D'Aulnoy, 1988-2005 (0.7 cubic foot). This series contains drafts of and research notes on Gontier's work on Madame D'Aulnoy.","Dr. Fernande Gontier is a scholar who received her PhD in French from the University of Virginia in 1973. Her dissertation was titled \"Les Images de la Femme Dans le Roman Français de L'entre-Deux-Guerres\". Since then, she has published numberous works--many in collaboration with Claude Francis--on French literary figures including Colette and Simone de Beauvoir.","Source: Materials within the collection; University of Virginia.","The Fernande Gontier papers (1787-2005; 8.6 cubic feet) document Dr. Gontier's scholarship on Simone de Beauvoir; Colette; Etienne Cabet and his followers in Nauvoo, Illinois; Mathilde de Morny; and Comtesse Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy. The collection includes manuscript drafts, research files, correspondence, and books representing Dr. Gontier's work. Materials also include manuscripts for cookbooks co-written by Dr. Gontier.  The papers are arranged into six series.","Books in the collection were transferred to the Rare Books division for cataloging.","The collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Gontier, Fernande","Cabet, Étienne, 1788-1856","Beauvoir, Simone de, 1908-1986","Colette, 1873-1954","Morny, Mathilde de, 1862-1944","Materials are primarily in French, though a substantial minority of papers are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16416","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/816"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fernande Gontier papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Fernande Gontier papers"],"collection_ssim":["Fernande Gontier papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Gontier, Fernande"],"creator_ssim":["Gontier, Fernande"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gontier, Fernande"],"creators_ssim":["Gontier, Fernande"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is open for research use."],"access_subjects_ssim":["cookbook","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["cookbook","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.6 Cubic Feet 7 cubic foot boxes, 1 document box (letter), 1 document box (legal), 2 half-width document boxes (legal), 1 half-width document box (letter)"],"extent_tesim":["8.6 Cubic Feet 7 cubic foot boxes, 1 document box (letter), 1 document box (legal), 2 half-width document boxes (legal), 1 half-width document box (letter)"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is stored offsite.  Please allow 3 business days for delivery to the Small Library reading room.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is stored offsite.  Please allow 3 business days for delivery to the Small Library reading room."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDates and items pre-1970s reflect the initial publication dates of photocopies in the collection. These historical documents, like the Icarian periodicals and Simone de Beauvoir letters, are not originals.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Dates and items pre-1970s reflect the initial publication dates of photocopies in the collection. These historical documents, like the Icarian periodicals and Simone de Beauvoir letters, are not originals."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Simone de Beauvoir, 1943-1989 (1.75 cubic feet). This series primarily contains photocopies Gontier made of publications by and about Simone de Beauvoir.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2. Colette, 1866-2009 (3.25 cubic feet). This series contains manuscripts of Gontier's scholarship on Colette, photocopies of research materials, press coverage of Gontier and Claude Francis's biography of Colette, and the authors' correspondence with editors and publishers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3. Etienne Cabet, 1787-2001 (1.4 cubic feet). This series contains research notes on Etienne Cabet and his Icarian colony as well as photocopies of relevant research material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4. Mathilde de Morny, 1990-2000 (1 cubic foot). This series primarily contains drafts and manuscripts of Gontier's book on Mathilde de Morny, as well as photocopies of research material and publisher correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5. Cookbooks, 1970-1985 (0.5 cubic foot). This series contains manuscripts and loose recipes for Gontier's book of honey recipes and a planned, unpublished successor focusing on vinegar.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6. Madame D'Aulnoy, 1988-2005 (0.7 cubic foot). This series contains drafts of and research notes on Gontier's work on Madame D'Aulnoy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 1. Simone de Beauvoir, 1943-1989 (1.75 cubic feet). This series primarily contains photocopies Gontier made of publications by and about Simone de Beauvoir.","Series 2. Colette, 1866-2009 (3.25 cubic feet). This series contains manuscripts of Gontier's scholarship on Colette, photocopies of research materials, press coverage of Gontier and Claude Francis's biography of Colette, and the authors' correspondence with editors and publishers.","Series 3. Etienne Cabet, 1787-2001 (1.4 cubic feet). This series contains research notes on Etienne Cabet and his Icarian colony as well as photocopies of relevant research material.","Series 4. Mathilde de Morny, 1990-2000 (1 cubic foot). This series primarily contains drafts and manuscripts of Gontier's book on Mathilde de Morny, as well as photocopies of research material and publisher correspondence.","Series 5. Cookbooks, 1970-1985 (0.5 cubic foot). This series contains manuscripts and loose recipes for Gontier's book of honey recipes and a planned, unpublished successor focusing on vinegar.","Series 6. Madame D'Aulnoy, 1988-2005 (0.7 cubic foot). This series contains drafts of and research notes on Gontier's work on Madame D'Aulnoy."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Fernande Gontier is a scholar who received her PhD in French from the University of Virginia in 1973. Her dissertation was titled \"Les Images de la Femme Dans le Roman Français de L'entre-Deux-Guerres\". Since then, she has published numberous works--many in collaboration with Claude Francis--on French literary figures including Colette and Simone de Beauvoir.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Materials within the collection; University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Fernande Gontier is a scholar who received her PhD in French from the University of Virginia in 1973. Her dissertation was titled \"Les Images de la Femme Dans le Roman Français de L'entre-Deux-Guerres\". Since then, she has published numberous works--many in collaboration with Claude Francis--on French literary figures including Colette and Simone de Beauvoir.","Source: Materials within the collection; University of Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16416, Fernande Gontier papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16416, Fernande Gontier papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Fernande Gontier papers (1787-2005; 8.6 cubic feet) document Dr. Gontier's scholarship on Simone de Beauvoir; Colette; Etienne Cabet and his followers in Nauvoo, Illinois; Mathilde de Morny; and Comtesse Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy. The collection includes manuscript drafts, research files, correspondence, and books representing Dr. Gontier's work. Materials also include manuscripts for cookbooks co-written by Dr. Gontier.  The papers are arranged into six series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Fernande Gontier papers (1787-2005; 8.6 cubic feet) document Dr. Gontier's scholarship on Simone de Beauvoir; Colette; Etienne Cabet and his followers in Nauvoo, Illinois; Mathilde de Morny; and Comtesse Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy. The collection includes manuscript drafts, research files, correspondence, and books representing Dr. Gontier's work. Materials also include manuscripts for cookbooks co-written by Dr. Gontier.  The papers are arranged into six series."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks in the collection were transferred to the Rare Books division for cataloging.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books in the collection were transferred to the Rare Books division for cataloging."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Gontier, Fernande","Cabet, Étienne, 1788-1856","Beauvoir, Simone de, 1908-1986","Colette, 1873-1954","Morny, Mathilde de, 1862-1944"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Cabet, Étienne, 1788-1856","Beauvoir, Simone de, 1908-1986","Colette, 1873-1954","Morny, Mathilde de, 1862-1944"],"persname_ssim":["Gontier, Fernande","Cabet, Étienne, 1788-1856","Beauvoir, Simone de, 1908-1986","Colette, 1873-1954","Morny, Mathilde de, 1862-1944"],"language_ssim":["Materials are primarily in French, though a substantial minority of papers are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":328,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:45:23.850Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_816","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_816","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_816","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_816","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_816.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/724","title_filing_ssi":"Gontier, Fernande, papers","title_ssm":["Fernande Gontier papers"],"title_tesim":["Fernande Gontier papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Series","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16416","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/816"],"text":["MSS 16416","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/816","Fernande Gontier papers","cookbook","letters (correspondence)","Collection is stored offsite.  Please allow 3 business days for delivery to the Small Library reading room.","Dates and items pre-1970s reflect the initial publication dates of photocopies in the collection. These historical documents, like the Icarian periodicals and Simone de Beauvoir letters, are not originals.","Series 1. Simone de Beauvoir, 1943-1989 (1.75 cubic feet). This series primarily contains photocopies Gontier made of publications by and about Simone de Beauvoir.","Series 2. Colette, 1866-2009 (3.25 cubic feet). This series contains manuscripts of Gontier's scholarship on Colette, photocopies of research materials, press coverage of Gontier and Claude Francis's biography of Colette, and the authors' correspondence with editors and publishers.","Series 3. Etienne Cabet, 1787-2001 (1.4 cubic feet). This series contains research notes on Etienne Cabet and his Icarian colony as well as photocopies of relevant research material.","Series 4. Mathilde de Morny, 1990-2000 (1 cubic foot). This series primarily contains drafts and manuscripts of Gontier's book on Mathilde de Morny, as well as photocopies of research material and publisher correspondence.","Series 5. Cookbooks, 1970-1985 (0.5 cubic foot). This series contains manuscripts and loose recipes for Gontier's book of honey recipes and a planned, unpublished successor focusing on vinegar.","Series 6. Madame D'Aulnoy, 1988-2005 (0.7 cubic foot). This series contains drafts of and research notes on Gontier's work on Madame D'Aulnoy.","Dr. Fernande Gontier is a scholar who received her PhD in French from the University of Virginia in 1973. Her dissertation was titled \"Les Images de la Femme Dans le Roman Français de L'entre-Deux-Guerres\". Since then, she has published numberous works--many in collaboration with Claude Francis--on French literary figures including Colette and Simone de Beauvoir.","Source: Materials within the collection; University of Virginia.","The Fernande Gontier papers (1787-2005; 8.6 cubic feet) document Dr. Gontier's scholarship on Simone de Beauvoir; Colette; Etienne Cabet and his followers in Nauvoo, Illinois; Mathilde de Morny; and Comtesse Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy. The collection includes manuscript drafts, research files, correspondence, and books representing Dr. Gontier's work. Materials also include manuscripts for cookbooks co-written by Dr. Gontier.  The papers are arranged into six series.","Books in the collection were transferred to the Rare Books division for cataloging.","The collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Gontier, Fernande","Cabet, Étienne, 1788-1856","Beauvoir, Simone de, 1908-1986","Colette, 1873-1954","Morny, Mathilde de, 1862-1944","Materials are primarily in French, though a substantial minority of papers are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16416","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/816"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fernande Gontier papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Fernande Gontier papers"],"collection_ssim":["Fernande Gontier papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Gontier, Fernande"],"creator_ssim":["Gontier, Fernande"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gontier, Fernande"],"creators_ssim":["Gontier, Fernande"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is open for research use."],"access_subjects_ssim":["cookbook","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["cookbook","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.6 Cubic Feet 7 cubic foot boxes, 1 document box (letter), 1 document box (legal), 2 half-width document boxes (legal), 1 half-width document box (letter)"],"extent_tesim":["8.6 Cubic Feet 7 cubic foot boxes, 1 document box (letter), 1 document box (legal), 2 half-width document boxes (legal), 1 half-width document box (letter)"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is stored offsite.  Please allow 3 business days for delivery to the Small Library reading room.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is stored offsite.  Please allow 3 business days for delivery to the Small Library reading room."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDates and items pre-1970s reflect the initial publication dates of photocopies in the collection. These historical documents, like the Icarian periodicals and Simone de Beauvoir letters, are not originals.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Dates and items pre-1970s reflect the initial publication dates of photocopies in the collection. These historical documents, like the Icarian periodicals and Simone de Beauvoir letters, are not originals."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Simone de Beauvoir, 1943-1989 (1.75 cubic feet). This series primarily contains photocopies Gontier made of publications by and about Simone de Beauvoir.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2. Colette, 1866-2009 (3.25 cubic feet). This series contains manuscripts of Gontier's scholarship on Colette, photocopies of research materials, press coverage of Gontier and Claude Francis's biography of Colette, and the authors' correspondence with editors and publishers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3. Etienne Cabet, 1787-2001 (1.4 cubic feet). This series contains research notes on Etienne Cabet and his Icarian colony as well as photocopies of relevant research material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4. Mathilde de Morny, 1990-2000 (1 cubic foot). This series primarily contains drafts and manuscripts of Gontier's book on Mathilde de Morny, as well as photocopies of research material and publisher correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5. Cookbooks, 1970-1985 (0.5 cubic foot). This series contains manuscripts and loose recipes for Gontier's book of honey recipes and a planned, unpublished successor focusing on vinegar.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6. Madame D'Aulnoy, 1988-2005 (0.7 cubic foot). This series contains drafts of and research notes on Gontier's work on Madame D'Aulnoy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 1. Simone de Beauvoir, 1943-1989 (1.75 cubic feet). This series primarily contains photocopies Gontier made of publications by and about Simone de Beauvoir.","Series 2. Colette, 1866-2009 (3.25 cubic feet). This series contains manuscripts of Gontier's scholarship on Colette, photocopies of research materials, press coverage of Gontier and Claude Francis's biography of Colette, and the authors' correspondence with editors and publishers.","Series 3. Etienne Cabet, 1787-2001 (1.4 cubic feet). This series contains research notes on Etienne Cabet and his Icarian colony as well as photocopies of relevant research material.","Series 4. Mathilde de Morny, 1990-2000 (1 cubic foot). This series primarily contains drafts and manuscripts of Gontier's book on Mathilde de Morny, as well as photocopies of research material and publisher correspondence.","Series 5. Cookbooks, 1970-1985 (0.5 cubic foot). This series contains manuscripts and loose recipes for Gontier's book of honey recipes and a planned, unpublished successor focusing on vinegar.","Series 6. Madame D'Aulnoy, 1988-2005 (0.7 cubic foot). This series contains drafts of and research notes on Gontier's work on Madame D'Aulnoy."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Fernande Gontier is a scholar who received her PhD in French from the University of Virginia in 1973. Her dissertation was titled \"Les Images de la Femme Dans le Roman Français de L'entre-Deux-Guerres\". Since then, she has published numberous works--many in collaboration with Claude Francis--on French literary figures including Colette and Simone de Beauvoir.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Materials within the collection; University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Fernande Gontier is a scholar who received her PhD in French from the University of Virginia in 1973. Her dissertation was titled \"Les Images de la Femme Dans le Roman Français de L'entre-Deux-Guerres\". Since then, she has published numberous works--many in collaboration with Claude Francis--on French literary figures including Colette and Simone de Beauvoir.","Source: Materials within the collection; University of Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16416, Fernande Gontier papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16416, Fernande Gontier papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Fernande Gontier papers (1787-2005; 8.6 cubic feet) document Dr. Gontier's scholarship on Simone de Beauvoir; Colette; Etienne Cabet and his followers in Nauvoo, Illinois; Mathilde de Morny; and Comtesse Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy. The collection includes manuscript drafts, research files, correspondence, and books representing Dr. Gontier's work. Materials also include manuscripts for cookbooks co-written by Dr. Gontier.  The papers are arranged into six series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Fernande Gontier papers (1787-2005; 8.6 cubic feet) document Dr. Gontier's scholarship on Simone de Beauvoir; Colette; Etienne Cabet and his followers in Nauvoo, Illinois; Mathilde de Morny; and Comtesse Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy. The collection includes manuscript drafts, research files, correspondence, and books representing Dr. Gontier's work. Materials also include manuscripts for cookbooks co-written by Dr. Gontier.  The papers are arranged into six series."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks in the collection were transferred to the Rare Books division for cataloging.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Books in the collection were transferred to the Rare Books division for cataloging."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Gontier, Fernande","Cabet, Étienne, 1788-1856","Beauvoir, Simone de, 1908-1986","Colette, 1873-1954","Morny, Mathilde de, 1862-1944"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Cabet, Étienne, 1788-1856","Beauvoir, Simone de, 1908-1986","Colette, 1873-1954","Morny, Mathilde de, 1862-1944"],"persname_ssim":["Gontier, Fernande","Cabet, Étienne, 1788-1856","Beauvoir, Simone de, 1908-1986","Colette, 1873-1954","Morny, Mathilde de, 1862-1944"],"language_ssim":["Materials are primarily in French, though a substantial minority of papers are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":328,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:45:23.850Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_816"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_756","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Francis H. Fife papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_756#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_756#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Francis H. Fife papers (1947-2015; 168.4 cubic feet) document the personal and professional life of Mr. Fife with an emphasis on his civic and community interests. Types of materials include reports, meeting minutes, correspondence, memoranda, journals, and some family documents. The collection is organized into three series: Oak Lawn 1, Oak Lawn 2, and Westview.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_756#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_756","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_756","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_756","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_756","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_756.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/149695","title_filing_ssi":"Fife, Francis H., papers","title_ssm":["Francis H. Fife papers"],"title_tesim":["Francis H. Fife papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1785-2015","1940-2015"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1785-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16075","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/756"],"text":["MSS 16075","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/756","Francis H. Fife papers","Mayors -- Virginia -- Charlottesville","reports","letters (correspondence)","photographs","Collection is open for research use.\nThe collection is stored offsite; 72 hours notice is required to access the collection.","Boxes 31 and 73 have been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in these boxes.","Box 31 has been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in this box.","Box 73 has been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in this box.","Series 1: Oak Lawn 1, 1960-2013 (46 cubic feet). Materials in this series are from Fife's filing cabinets at Oak Lawn and consist primarily of political papers and civic organizations files.  The files within the boxes mirror the order they were in within Mr. Fife's filing cabinets.  No further organization has been done.","Series 2: Oak Lawn 2, 1947-2015 (49.4 cubic feet).  Materials in this series consist of political papers and civic organizations files.  The files wihin the boxes mirror the order they were in within Mr. Fife's filing cabinets.  No further organization has been done.","Series 3: Westview, 1785-1994 (73 cubic feet). Materials in this series consist of political papers that document Francis Fife's involvemnet in Charlottesville's local government where he spent years on the city council, and where he served one term as mayor, as well as serving as the chairman of the Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission. Also included are persoanl papers that document his life during and after World War II, and a small number of family papers.","Francis H. Fife was born in Charlottesville and attended the University of Virginia, graduating in 1941. He then joined the military and served in World War II.  He received a graduate degree in banking from Rutgers University in 1950 and made his first run for public office that same year, losing his bid for a seat on the Charlottesville City Council.\nFife was married to fellow former mayor Nancy O'Brien.","He led the fight for civil rights and adequate housing throughout the 1950s and 1960s as a founder of the housing foundation and by serving on the city's Housing Advisory Committee, which pushed for several public housing sites to better integrate communities.","Fife sat eight years on the Charlottesville City Council, including two years as mayor from 1972 to 1974.","Fife was a member of the governance board of several government agencies and non-profit organizations. They included the Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development, the Virginia Housing Authority, the Charlottesville Housing Foundation and the Piedmont Housing Alliance. He was also a founder and former President of the Rivanna Trails Foundation. He was also on the Board of Directors for the group Advocates for a Sustainable Albemarle Population.  Fife served as Chairman of the Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission in the early 1980s and was also a former chair of the Rivanna Water and Sewer Authority.","Fife died on October 16, 2015 at the age of 95.  A city park, street and neighborhood are named in honor of Fife family members.","\nSources:","\n\"Francis H. Fife.\" CVillepedia, \nhttps://www.cvillepedia.org/index.php?title=Francis_Fife\u0026oldid=39248.  Accessed 2 November 2018.","McKenzie, Bryan. \"Charlottesville community icon Francis H. Fife dies.\"  The Daily Progress, 16 Oct. 2015.  \nhttps://www.dailyprogress.com/news/local/charlottesville-community-icon-francis-h-fife-dies/article_dcf08922-7444-11e5-afc2-a79b5cef5b97.html.  Accessed 2 November 2018.","Gift of Nancy O'Brien, 23 November 2013.","The Francis H. Fife papers (1947-2015; 168.4 cubic feet) document the personal and professional life of Mr. Fife with an emphasis on his civic and community interests.  Types of materials include reports, meeting minutes, correspondence, memoranda, journals, and some family documents.  The collection is organized into three series: Oak Lawn 1, Oak Lawn 2, and Westview.","Please note, the file titles in this collection have been transcribed.  The file titles were created by Mr. Fife or his staff. ","All 169 boxes are stored at Ivy Stacks.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16075","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/756"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Francis H. Fife papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Francis H. Fife papers"],"collection_ssim":["Francis H. Fife papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015"],"creator_ssim":["Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015"],"creators_ssim":["Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mayors -- Virginia -- Charlottesville","reports","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mayors -- Virginia -- Charlottesville","reports","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["168.4 Cubic Feet 168 cubic foot boxes, 1 document box"],"extent_tesim":["168.4 Cubic Feet 168 cubic foot boxes, 1 document box"],"genreform_ssim":["reports","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research use.\nThe collection is stored offsite; 72 hours notice is required to access the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 31 and 73 have been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in these boxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 31 has been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in this box.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 73 has been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in this box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Preservation Note","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research use.\nThe collection is stored offsite; 72 hours notice is required to access the collection.","Boxes 31 and 73 have been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in these boxes.","Box 31 has been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in this box.","Box 73 has been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in this box."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Oak Lawn 1, 1960-2013 (46 cubic feet). Materials in this series are from Fife's filing cabinets at Oak Lawn and consist primarily of political papers and civic organizations files.  The files within the boxes mirror the order they were in within Mr. Fife's filing cabinets.  No further organization has been done.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Oak Lawn 2, 1947-2015 (49.4 cubic feet).  Materials in this series consist of political papers and civic organizations files.  The files wihin the boxes mirror the order they were in within Mr. Fife's filing cabinets.  No further organization has been done.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Westview, 1785-1994 (73 cubic feet). Materials in this series consist of political papers that document Francis Fife's involvemnet in Charlottesville's local government where he spent years on the city council, and where he served one term as mayor, as well as serving as the chairman of the Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission. Also included are persoanl papers that document his life during and after World War II, and a small number of family papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 1: Oak Lawn 1, 1960-2013 (46 cubic feet). Materials in this series are from Fife's filing cabinets at Oak Lawn and consist primarily of political papers and civic organizations files.  The files within the boxes mirror the order they were in within Mr. Fife's filing cabinets.  No further organization has been done.","Series 2: Oak Lawn 2, 1947-2015 (49.4 cubic feet).  Materials in this series consist of political papers and civic organizations files.  The files wihin the boxes mirror the order they were in within Mr. Fife's filing cabinets.  No further organization has been done.","Series 3: Westview, 1785-1994 (73 cubic feet). Materials in this series consist of political papers that document Francis Fife's involvemnet in Charlottesville's local government where he spent years on the city council, and where he served one term as mayor, as well as serving as the chairman of the Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission. Also included are persoanl papers that document his life during and after World War II, and a small number of family papers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrancis H. Fife was born in Charlottesville and attended the University of Virginia, graduating in 1941. He then joined the military and served in World War II.  He received a graduate degree in banking from Rutgers University in 1950 and made his first run for public office that same year, losing his bid for a seat on the Charlottesville City Council.\nFife was married to fellow former mayor Nancy O'Brien.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe led the fight for civil rights and adequate housing throughout the 1950s and 1960s as a founder of the housing foundation and by serving on the city's Housing Advisory Committee, which pushed for several public housing sites to better integrate communities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFife sat eight years on the Charlottesville City Council, including two years as mayor from 1972 to 1974.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFife was a member of the governance board of several government agencies and non-profit organizations. They included the Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development, the Virginia Housing Authority, the Charlottesville Housing Foundation and the Piedmont Housing Alliance. He was also a founder and former President of the Rivanna Trails Foundation. He was also on the Board of Directors for the group Advocates for a Sustainable Albemarle Population.  Fife served as Chairman of the Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission in the early 1980s and was also a former chair of the Rivanna Water and Sewer Authority.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFife died on October 16, 2015 at the age of 95.  A city park, street and neighborhood are named in honor of Fife family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\"Francis H. Fife.\" CVillepedia, \nhttps://www.cvillepedia.org/index.php?title=Francis_Fife\u0026amp;oldid=39248.  Accessed 2 November 2018.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMcKenzie, Bryan. \"Charlottesville community icon Francis H. Fife dies.\"  The Daily Progress, 16 Oct. 2015.  \nhttps://www.dailyprogress.com/news/local/charlottesville-community-icon-francis-h-fife-dies/article_dcf08922-7444-11e5-afc2-a79b5cef5b97.html.  Accessed 2 November 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Francis H. Fife was born in Charlottesville and attended the University of Virginia, graduating in 1941. He then joined the military and served in World War II.  He received a graduate degree in banking from Rutgers University in 1950 and made his first run for public office that same year, losing his bid for a seat on the Charlottesville City Council.\nFife was married to fellow former mayor Nancy O'Brien.","He led the fight for civil rights and adequate housing throughout the 1950s and 1960s as a founder of the housing foundation and by serving on the city's Housing Advisory Committee, which pushed for several public housing sites to better integrate communities.","Fife sat eight years on the Charlottesville City Council, including two years as mayor from 1972 to 1974.","Fife was a member of the governance board of several government agencies and non-profit organizations. They included the Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development, the Virginia Housing Authority, the Charlottesville Housing Foundation and the Piedmont Housing Alliance. He was also a founder and former President of the Rivanna Trails Foundation. He was also on the Board of Directors for the group Advocates for a Sustainable Albemarle Population.  Fife served as Chairman of the Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission in the early 1980s and was also a former chair of the Rivanna Water and Sewer Authority.","Fife died on October 16, 2015 at the age of 95.  A city park, street and neighborhood are named in honor of Fife family members.","\nSources:","\n\"Francis H. Fife.\" CVillepedia, \nhttps://www.cvillepedia.org/index.php?title=Francis_Fife\u0026oldid=39248.  Accessed 2 November 2018.","McKenzie, Bryan. \"Charlottesville community icon Francis H. Fife dies.\"  The Daily Progress, 16 Oct. 2015.  \nhttps://www.dailyprogress.com/news/local/charlottesville-community-icon-francis-h-fife-dies/article_dcf08922-7444-11e5-afc2-a79b5cef5b97.html.  Accessed 2 November 2018."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGift of Nancy O'Brien, 23 November 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Gift of Nancy O'Brien, 23 November 2013."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16075, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16075, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Francis H. Fife papers (1947-2015; 168.4 cubic feet) document the personal and professional life of Mr. Fife with an emphasis on his civic and community interests.  Types of materials include reports, meeting minutes, correspondence, memoranda, journals, and some family documents.  The collection is organized into three series: Oak Lawn 1, Oak Lawn 2, and Westview.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note, the file titles in this collection have been transcribed.  The file titles were created by Mr. Fife or his staff. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Francis H. Fife papers (1947-2015; 168.4 cubic feet) document the personal and professional life of Mr. Fife with an emphasis on his civic and community interests.  Types of materials include reports, meeting minutes, correspondence, memoranda, journals, and some family documents.  The collection is organized into three series: Oak Lawn 1, Oak Lawn 2, and Westview.","Please note, the file titles in this collection have been transcribed.  The file titles were created by Mr. Fife or his staff. "],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_84a423eb8a3413128660f9b530e40dad\"\u003eAll 169 boxes are stored at Ivy Stacks.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["All 169 boxes are stored at Ivy Stacks."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2559,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:27:13.031Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_756","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_756","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_756","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_756","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_756.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/149695","title_filing_ssi":"Fife, Francis H., papers","title_ssm":["Francis H. Fife papers"],"title_tesim":["Francis H. Fife papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1785-2015","1940-2015"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-2015"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1785-2015"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16075","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/756"],"text":["MSS 16075","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/756","Francis H. Fife papers","Mayors -- Virginia -- Charlottesville","reports","letters (correspondence)","photographs","Collection is open for research use.\nThe collection is stored offsite; 72 hours notice is required to access the collection.","Boxes 31 and 73 have been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in these boxes.","Box 31 has been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in this box.","Box 73 has been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in this box.","Series 1: Oak Lawn 1, 1960-2013 (46 cubic feet). Materials in this series are from Fife's filing cabinets at Oak Lawn and consist primarily of political papers and civic organizations files.  The files within the boxes mirror the order they were in within Mr. Fife's filing cabinets.  No further organization has been done.","Series 2: Oak Lawn 2, 1947-2015 (49.4 cubic feet).  Materials in this series consist of political papers and civic organizations files.  The files wihin the boxes mirror the order they were in within Mr. Fife's filing cabinets.  No further organization has been done.","Series 3: Westview, 1785-1994 (73 cubic feet). Materials in this series consist of political papers that document Francis Fife's involvemnet in Charlottesville's local government where he spent years on the city council, and where he served one term as mayor, as well as serving as the chairman of the Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission. Also included are persoanl papers that document his life during and after World War II, and a small number of family papers.","Francis H. Fife was born in Charlottesville and attended the University of Virginia, graduating in 1941. He then joined the military and served in World War II.  He received a graduate degree in banking from Rutgers University in 1950 and made his first run for public office that same year, losing his bid for a seat on the Charlottesville City Council.\nFife was married to fellow former mayor Nancy O'Brien.","He led the fight for civil rights and adequate housing throughout the 1950s and 1960s as a founder of the housing foundation and by serving on the city's Housing Advisory Committee, which pushed for several public housing sites to better integrate communities.","Fife sat eight years on the Charlottesville City Council, including two years as mayor from 1972 to 1974.","Fife was a member of the governance board of several government agencies and non-profit organizations. They included the Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development, the Virginia Housing Authority, the Charlottesville Housing Foundation and the Piedmont Housing Alliance. He was also a founder and former President of the Rivanna Trails Foundation. He was also on the Board of Directors for the group Advocates for a Sustainable Albemarle Population.  Fife served as Chairman of the Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission in the early 1980s and was also a former chair of the Rivanna Water and Sewer Authority.","Fife died on October 16, 2015 at the age of 95.  A city park, street and neighborhood are named in honor of Fife family members.","\nSources:","\n\"Francis H. Fife.\" CVillepedia, \nhttps://www.cvillepedia.org/index.php?title=Francis_Fife\u0026oldid=39248.  Accessed 2 November 2018.","McKenzie, Bryan. \"Charlottesville community icon Francis H. Fife dies.\"  The Daily Progress, 16 Oct. 2015.  \nhttps://www.dailyprogress.com/news/local/charlottesville-community-icon-francis-h-fife-dies/article_dcf08922-7444-11e5-afc2-a79b5cef5b97.html.  Accessed 2 November 2018.","Gift of Nancy O'Brien, 23 November 2013.","The Francis H. Fife papers (1947-2015; 168.4 cubic feet) document the personal and professional life of Mr. Fife with an emphasis on his civic and community interests.  Types of materials include reports, meeting minutes, correspondence, memoranda, journals, and some family documents.  The collection is organized into three series: Oak Lawn 1, Oak Lawn 2, and Westview.","Please note, the file titles in this collection have been transcribed.  The file titles were created by Mr. Fife or his staff. ","All 169 boxes are stored at Ivy Stacks.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16075","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/756"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Francis H. Fife papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Francis H. Fife papers"],"collection_ssim":["Francis H. Fife papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015"],"creator_ssim":["Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015"],"creators_ssim":["Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mayors -- Virginia -- Charlottesville","reports","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mayors -- Virginia -- Charlottesville","reports","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["168.4 Cubic Feet 168 cubic foot boxes, 1 document box"],"extent_tesim":["168.4 Cubic Feet 168 cubic foot boxes, 1 document box"],"genreform_ssim":["reports","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research use.\nThe collection is stored offsite; 72 hours notice is required to access the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 31 and 73 have been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in these boxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 31 has been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in this box.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 73 has been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in this box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Preservation Note","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research use.\nThe collection is stored offsite; 72 hours notice is required to access the collection.","Boxes 31 and 73 have been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in these boxes.","Box 31 has been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in this box.","Box 73 has been treated for mold.  Mold damage may be seen, but is not active.  Patrons are encouraged to wear gloves when accessing materials in this box."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Oak Lawn 1, 1960-2013 (46 cubic feet). Materials in this series are from Fife's filing cabinets at Oak Lawn and consist primarily of political papers and civic organizations files.  The files within the boxes mirror the order they were in within Mr. Fife's filing cabinets.  No further organization has been done.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Oak Lawn 2, 1947-2015 (49.4 cubic feet).  Materials in this series consist of political papers and civic organizations files.  The files wihin the boxes mirror the order they were in within Mr. Fife's filing cabinets.  No further organization has been done.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Westview, 1785-1994 (73 cubic feet). Materials in this series consist of political papers that document Francis Fife's involvemnet in Charlottesville's local government where he spent years on the city council, and where he served one term as mayor, as well as serving as the chairman of the Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission. Also included are persoanl papers that document his life during and after World War II, and a small number of family papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 1: Oak Lawn 1, 1960-2013 (46 cubic feet). Materials in this series are from Fife's filing cabinets at Oak Lawn and consist primarily of political papers and civic organizations files.  The files within the boxes mirror the order they were in within Mr. Fife's filing cabinets.  No further organization has been done.","Series 2: Oak Lawn 2, 1947-2015 (49.4 cubic feet).  Materials in this series consist of political papers and civic organizations files.  The files wihin the boxes mirror the order they were in within Mr. Fife's filing cabinets.  No further organization has been done.","Series 3: Westview, 1785-1994 (73 cubic feet). Materials in this series consist of political papers that document Francis Fife's involvemnet in Charlottesville's local government where he spent years on the city council, and where he served one term as mayor, as well as serving as the chairman of the Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission. Also included are persoanl papers that document his life during and after World War II, and a small number of family papers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrancis H. Fife was born in Charlottesville and attended the University of Virginia, graduating in 1941. He then joined the military and served in World War II.  He received a graduate degree in banking from Rutgers University in 1950 and made his first run for public office that same year, losing his bid for a seat on the Charlottesville City Council.\nFife was married to fellow former mayor Nancy O'Brien.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe led the fight for civil rights and adequate housing throughout the 1950s and 1960s as a founder of the housing foundation and by serving on the city's Housing Advisory Committee, which pushed for several public housing sites to better integrate communities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFife sat eight years on the Charlottesville City Council, including two years as mayor from 1972 to 1974.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFife was a member of the governance board of several government agencies and non-profit organizations. They included the Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development, the Virginia Housing Authority, the Charlottesville Housing Foundation and the Piedmont Housing Alliance. He was also a founder and former President of the Rivanna Trails Foundation. He was also on the Board of Directors for the group Advocates for a Sustainable Albemarle Population.  Fife served as Chairman of the Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission in the early 1980s and was also a former chair of the Rivanna Water and Sewer Authority.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFife died on October 16, 2015 at the age of 95.  A city park, street and neighborhood are named in honor of Fife family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\"Francis H. Fife.\" CVillepedia, \nhttps://www.cvillepedia.org/index.php?title=Francis_Fife\u0026amp;oldid=39248.  Accessed 2 November 2018.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMcKenzie, Bryan. \"Charlottesville community icon Francis H. Fife dies.\"  The Daily Progress, 16 Oct. 2015.  \nhttps://www.dailyprogress.com/news/local/charlottesville-community-icon-francis-h-fife-dies/article_dcf08922-7444-11e5-afc2-a79b5cef5b97.html.  Accessed 2 November 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Francis H. Fife was born in Charlottesville and attended the University of Virginia, graduating in 1941. He then joined the military and served in World War II.  He received a graduate degree in banking from Rutgers University in 1950 and made his first run for public office that same year, losing his bid for a seat on the Charlottesville City Council.\nFife was married to fellow former mayor Nancy O'Brien.","He led the fight for civil rights and adequate housing throughout the 1950s and 1960s as a founder of the housing foundation and by serving on the city's Housing Advisory Committee, which pushed for several public housing sites to better integrate communities.","Fife sat eight years on the Charlottesville City Council, including two years as mayor from 1972 to 1974.","Fife was a member of the governance board of several government agencies and non-profit organizations. They included the Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development, the Virginia Housing Authority, the Charlottesville Housing Foundation and the Piedmont Housing Alliance. He was also a founder and former President of the Rivanna Trails Foundation. He was also on the Board of Directors for the group Advocates for a Sustainable Albemarle Population.  Fife served as Chairman of the Thomas Jefferson Planning District Commission in the early 1980s and was also a former chair of the Rivanna Water and Sewer Authority.","Fife died on October 16, 2015 at the age of 95.  A city park, street and neighborhood are named in honor of Fife family members.","\nSources:","\n\"Francis H. Fife.\" CVillepedia, \nhttps://www.cvillepedia.org/index.php?title=Francis_Fife\u0026oldid=39248.  Accessed 2 November 2018.","McKenzie, Bryan. \"Charlottesville community icon Francis H. Fife dies.\"  The Daily Progress, 16 Oct. 2015.  \nhttps://www.dailyprogress.com/news/local/charlottesville-community-icon-francis-h-fife-dies/article_dcf08922-7444-11e5-afc2-a79b5cef5b97.html.  Accessed 2 November 2018."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGift of Nancy O'Brien, 23 November 2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Gift of Nancy O'Brien, 23 November 2013."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16075, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16075, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Francis H. Fife papers (1947-2015; 168.4 cubic feet) document the personal and professional life of Mr. Fife with an emphasis on his civic and community interests.  Types of materials include reports, meeting minutes, correspondence, memoranda, journals, and some family documents.  The collection is organized into three series: Oak Lawn 1, Oak Lawn 2, and Westview.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note, the file titles in this collection have been transcribed.  The file titles were created by Mr. Fife or his staff. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Francis H. Fife papers (1947-2015; 168.4 cubic feet) document the personal and professional life of Mr. Fife with an emphasis on his civic and community interests.  Types of materials include reports, meeting minutes, correspondence, memoranda, journals, and some family documents.  The collection is organized into three series: Oak Lawn 1, Oak Lawn 2, and Westview.","Please note, the file titles in this collection have been transcribed.  The file titles were created by Mr. Fife or his staff. "],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_84a423eb8a3413128660f9b530e40dad\"\u003eAll 169 boxes are stored at Ivy Stacks.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["All 169 boxes are stored at Ivy Stacks."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2559,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:27:13.031Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_756"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1375","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Garland family papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1375#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists primarly of 26 letters of correspondence between Thomas Garland, his wife Jane Moore Taylor Garland (1810-1861), her father William Day Taylor (1781-1858), and Jane's sisters and sisters(-in-law?) F. A. Taylor (Frances Ann Taylor), Clarissa \"Clara\" Garland Kean (1816-1845), her husband Dr. Ortho Williams Kean (1813-1865), and Mary Garland from New Kent, British Colonial Virginia (Orange County, Virginia) and other locations including Botetourt County, Goochland, Everettsville, Taylorsville, Boyd's Tavern, and Fredericksburg, Virginia from about 1830-1858. Other family members mentioned in the collection are Angelina \"Ange\" Fitch Mitchell, William Jacquelin \"Jack\" Taylor (1815-1854) and Miriam Nones Jacob Taylor. There is a receipt from a D. J. Cauthen and a photograph of Frank Everett Hartmann and family at his graduation from the University of Virginia in 1911.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1375#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1375","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1375","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1375","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1375","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1375.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/159745","title_filing_ssi":"Garland family papers","title_ssm":["Garland family papers"],"title_tesim":["Garland family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1830-1911"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1830-1911"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS16688","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1375"],"text":["MSS16688","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1375","Garland family papers","enslaved persons","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","This collection is arranged chronologically.","Jane Moore (Taylor) Garland (1810-1861) is a 3rd cousin of United States Presidents Zachary Taylor (1784-1850) and James Madison (1751-1836). Presidents Madison and Taylor were second cousins and had the same grandparents, Frances Taylor Madison (1700-1761) and Ambrose Madison (1696-1732). Jane Moore (Taylor) Garland is the daughter of Sarah \"Sallie\" Garland Swan Burnley Day (1780-1815) and William Day and the granddaugher of Frances Taylor Burnley (1753-1825) and Garland Burnley (1753-1793) and the great granddaughter of Erasmus Taylor (1715-1794) who was the brother of President James Madison's grandmother Frances Taylor Madison. Zachary Taylor Sr.(1707-1768) (President Taylor's grandfather) was the brother of Erasmus Taylor (1707-1768). The family is from Orange County, Virginia also known as New Kent British Colonial Virginia. Other residences include Everettsville, Louisa County, and Fredericksbury Virginia.","This collection consists primarly of 26 letters of correspondence between Thomas Garland, his wife Jane Moore Taylor Garland (1810-1861), her father William Day Taylor (1781-1858), and Jane's sisters and sisters(-in-law?) F. A. Taylor (Frances Ann Taylor), Clarissa \"Clara\" Garland Kean (1816-1845), her husband Dr. Ortho Williams Kean (1813-1865), and Mary Garland from New Kent, British Colonial Virginia (Orange County, Virginia) and other locations including Botetourt County, Goochland, Everettsville, Taylorsville, Boyd's Tavern, and Fredericksburg, Virginia from about 1830-1858.  Other family members mentioned in the collection are Angelina \"Ange\" Fitch Mitchell,  William Jacquelin \"Jack\" Taylor (1815-1854) and Miriam Nones Jacob Taylor. There is a receipt from a D. J. Cauthen and a photograph of Frank Everett Hartmann and family at his graduation from the University of Virginia in 1911.","The letters often refer to enslaved persons who were hired out or relocated by the family. Of interest regarding nineteenth century women is a letter (December 19, 1833)from Frances Ann Taylor to her sister Jane Moore Garland describing the difficulties and lack of opportunities for women who were trying to obtain financial security.","Other topics include business and local news about the family. The letters make brief references to local people including Dr. J. Minor, Alex Rives, and the families of Ruffner, Randolph,and Taliaferro.","Letter about the difficulties for women obtaining financial security.","William Day Taylor to his daughter Jane Moore Taylor Garner about lending her \"Louisa\" but Jane's mother and sister Fan cannot spare \"Sally\".","Garland accuses Ned of making complaints about Garland's drinking.","William Smith is at Matmoral and is the Surgeon General to General Taylor's army. Also mentions his domestic trouble and Mrs. Smith has gotten a divorce but is now anxious that he should receive her again and his friends are opposed to that.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS16688","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1375"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Garland family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Garland family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Garland family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Margaret L. Newman to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on May 6, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["enslaved persons","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["enslaved persons","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 Cubic Feet Contains 2 legal folder of materials."],"extent_tesim":["0.08 Cubic Feet Contains 2 legal folder of materials."],"physfacet_tesim":["letters, lists of accounts, and photograph"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJane Moore (Taylor) Garland (1810-1861) is a 3rd cousin of United States Presidents Zachary Taylor (1784-1850) and James Madison (1751-1836). Presidents Madison and Taylor were second cousins and had the same grandparents, Frances Taylor Madison (1700-1761) and Ambrose Madison (1696-1732). Jane Moore (Taylor) Garland is the daughter of Sarah \"Sallie\" Garland Swan Burnley Day (1780-1815) and William Day and the granddaugher of Frances Taylor Burnley (1753-1825) and Garland Burnley (1753-1793) and the great granddaughter of Erasmus Taylor (1715-1794) who was the brother of President James Madison's grandmother Frances Taylor Madison. Zachary Taylor Sr.(1707-1768) (President Taylor's grandfather) was the brother of Erasmus Taylor (1707-1768). The family is from Orange County, Virginia also known as New Kent British Colonial Virginia. Other residences include Everettsville, Louisa County, and Fredericksbury Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Jane Moore (Taylor) Garland (1810-1861) is a 3rd cousin of United States Presidents Zachary Taylor (1784-1850) and James Madison (1751-1836). Presidents Madison and Taylor were second cousins and had the same grandparents, Frances Taylor Madison (1700-1761) and Ambrose Madison (1696-1732). Jane Moore (Taylor) Garland is the daughter of Sarah \"Sallie\" Garland Swan Burnley Day (1780-1815) and William Day and the granddaugher of Frances Taylor Burnley (1753-1825) and Garland Burnley (1753-1793) and the great granddaughter of Erasmus Taylor (1715-1794) who was the brother of President James Madison's grandmother Frances Taylor Madison. Zachary Taylor Sr.(1707-1768) (President Taylor's grandfather) was the brother of Erasmus Taylor (1707-1768). The family is from Orange County, Virginia also known as New Kent British Colonial Virginia. Other residences include Everettsville, Louisa County, and Fredericksbury Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16688, Garland family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16688, Garland family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists primarly of 26 letters of correspondence between Thomas Garland, his wife Jane Moore Taylor Garland (1810-1861), her father William Day Taylor (1781-1858), and Jane's sisters and sisters(-in-law?) F. A. Taylor (Frances Ann Taylor), Clarissa \"Clara\" Garland Kean (1816-1845), her husband Dr. Ortho Williams Kean (1813-1865), and Mary Garland from New Kent, British Colonial Virginia (Orange County, Virginia) and other locations including Botetourt County, Goochland, Everettsville, Taylorsville, Boyd's Tavern, and Fredericksburg, Virginia from about 1830-1858.  Other family members mentioned in the collection are Angelina \"Ange\" Fitch Mitchell,  William Jacquelin \"Jack\" Taylor (1815-1854) and Miriam Nones Jacob Taylor. There is a receipt from a D. J. Cauthen and a photograph of Frank Everett Hartmann and family at his graduation from the University of Virginia in 1911.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe letters often refer to enslaved persons who were hired out or relocated by the family. Of interest regarding nineteenth century women is a letter (December 19, 1833)from Frances Ann Taylor to her sister Jane Moore Garland describing the difficulties and lack of opportunities for women who were trying to obtain financial security.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther topics include business and local news about the family. The letters make brief references to local people including Dr. J. Minor, Alex Rives, and the families of Ruffner, Randolph,and Taliaferro.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter about the difficulties for women obtaining financial security.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Day Taylor to his daughter Jane Moore Taylor Garner about lending her \"Louisa\" but Jane's mother and sister Fan cannot spare \"Sally\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGarland accuses Ned of making complaints about Garland's drinking.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Smith is at Matmoral and is the Surgeon General to General Taylor's army. Also mentions his domestic trouble and Mrs. Smith has gotten a divorce but is now anxious that he should receive her again and his friends are opposed to that.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists primarly of 26 letters of correspondence between Thomas Garland, his wife Jane Moore Taylor Garland (1810-1861), her father William Day Taylor (1781-1858), and Jane's sisters and sisters(-in-law?) F. A. Taylor (Frances Ann Taylor), Clarissa \"Clara\" Garland Kean (1816-1845), her husband Dr. Ortho Williams Kean (1813-1865), and Mary Garland from New Kent, British Colonial Virginia (Orange County, Virginia) and other locations including Botetourt County, Goochland, Everettsville, Taylorsville, Boyd's Tavern, and Fredericksburg, Virginia from about 1830-1858.  Other family members mentioned in the collection are Angelina \"Ange\" Fitch Mitchell,  William Jacquelin \"Jack\" Taylor (1815-1854) and Miriam Nones Jacob Taylor. There is a receipt from a D. J. Cauthen and a photograph of Frank Everett Hartmann and family at his graduation from the University of Virginia in 1911.","The letters often refer to enslaved persons who were hired out or relocated by the family. Of interest regarding nineteenth century women is a letter (December 19, 1833)from Frances Ann Taylor to her sister Jane Moore Garland describing the difficulties and lack of opportunities for women who were trying to obtain financial security.","Other topics include business and local news about the family. The letters make brief references to local people including Dr. J. Minor, Alex Rives, and the families of Ruffner, Randolph,and Taliaferro.","Letter about the difficulties for women obtaining financial security.","William Day Taylor to his daughter Jane Moore Taylor Garner about lending her \"Louisa\" but Jane's mother and sister Fan cannot spare \"Sally\".","Garland accuses Ned of making complaints about Garland's drinking.","William Smith is at Matmoral and is the Surgeon General to General Taylor's army. Also mentions his domestic trouble and Mrs. Smith has gotten a divorce but is now anxious that he should receive her again and his friends are opposed to that."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":27,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:31:08.429Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1375","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1375","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1375","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1375","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1375.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/159745","title_filing_ssi":"Garland family papers","title_ssm":["Garland family papers"],"title_tesim":["Garland family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1830-1911"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1830-1911"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS16688","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1375"],"text":["MSS16688","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1375","Garland family papers","enslaved persons","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","This collection is arranged chronologically.","Jane Moore (Taylor) Garland (1810-1861) is a 3rd cousin of United States Presidents Zachary Taylor (1784-1850) and James Madison (1751-1836). Presidents Madison and Taylor were second cousins and had the same grandparents, Frances Taylor Madison (1700-1761) and Ambrose Madison (1696-1732). Jane Moore (Taylor) Garland is the daughter of Sarah \"Sallie\" Garland Swan Burnley Day (1780-1815) and William Day and the granddaugher of Frances Taylor Burnley (1753-1825) and Garland Burnley (1753-1793) and the great granddaughter of Erasmus Taylor (1715-1794) who was the brother of President James Madison's grandmother Frances Taylor Madison. Zachary Taylor Sr.(1707-1768) (President Taylor's grandfather) was the brother of Erasmus Taylor (1707-1768). The family is from Orange County, Virginia also known as New Kent British Colonial Virginia. Other residences include Everettsville, Louisa County, and Fredericksbury Virginia.","This collection consists primarly of 26 letters of correspondence between Thomas Garland, his wife Jane Moore Taylor Garland (1810-1861), her father William Day Taylor (1781-1858), and Jane's sisters and sisters(-in-law?) F. A. Taylor (Frances Ann Taylor), Clarissa \"Clara\" Garland Kean (1816-1845), her husband Dr. Ortho Williams Kean (1813-1865), and Mary Garland from New Kent, British Colonial Virginia (Orange County, Virginia) and other locations including Botetourt County, Goochland, Everettsville, Taylorsville, Boyd's Tavern, and Fredericksburg, Virginia from about 1830-1858.  Other family members mentioned in the collection are Angelina \"Ange\" Fitch Mitchell,  William Jacquelin \"Jack\" Taylor (1815-1854) and Miriam Nones Jacob Taylor. There is a receipt from a D. J. Cauthen and a photograph of Frank Everett Hartmann and family at his graduation from the University of Virginia in 1911.","The letters often refer to enslaved persons who were hired out or relocated by the family. Of interest regarding nineteenth century women is a letter (December 19, 1833)from Frances Ann Taylor to her sister Jane Moore Garland describing the difficulties and lack of opportunities for women who were trying to obtain financial security.","Other topics include business and local news about the family. The letters make brief references to local people including Dr. J. Minor, Alex Rives, and the families of Ruffner, Randolph,and Taliaferro.","Letter about the difficulties for women obtaining financial security.","William Day Taylor to his daughter Jane Moore Taylor Garner about lending her \"Louisa\" but Jane's mother and sister Fan cannot spare \"Sally\".","Garland accuses Ned of making complaints about Garland's drinking.","William Smith is at Matmoral and is the Surgeon General to General Taylor's army. Also mentions his domestic trouble and Mrs. Smith has gotten a divorce but is now anxious that he should receive her again and his friends are opposed to that.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS16688","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1375"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Garland family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Garland family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Garland family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Margaret L. Newman to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on May 6, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["enslaved persons","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["enslaved persons","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 Cubic Feet Contains 2 legal folder of materials."],"extent_tesim":["0.08 Cubic Feet Contains 2 legal folder of materials."],"physfacet_tesim":["letters, lists of accounts, and photograph"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJane Moore (Taylor) Garland (1810-1861) is a 3rd cousin of United States Presidents Zachary Taylor (1784-1850) and James Madison (1751-1836). Presidents Madison and Taylor were second cousins and had the same grandparents, Frances Taylor Madison (1700-1761) and Ambrose Madison (1696-1732). Jane Moore (Taylor) Garland is the daughter of Sarah \"Sallie\" Garland Swan Burnley Day (1780-1815) and William Day and the granddaugher of Frances Taylor Burnley (1753-1825) and Garland Burnley (1753-1793) and the great granddaughter of Erasmus Taylor (1715-1794) who was the brother of President James Madison's grandmother Frances Taylor Madison. Zachary Taylor Sr.(1707-1768) (President Taylor's grandfather) was the brother of Erasmus Taylor (1707-1768). The family is from Orange County, Virginia also known as New Kent British Colonial Virginia. Other residences include Everettsville, Louisa County, and Fredericksbury Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Jane Moore (Taylor) Garland (1810-1861) is a 3rd cousin of United States Presidents Zachary Taylor (1784-1850) and James Madison (1751-1836). Presidents Madison and Taylor were second cousins and had the same grandparents, Frances Taylor Madison (1700-1761) and Ambrose Madison (1696-1732). Jane Moore (Taylor) Garland is the daughter of Sarah \"Sallie\" Garland Swan Burnley Day (1780-1815) and William Day and the granddaugher of Frances Taylor Burnley (1753-1825) and Garland Burnley (1753-1793) and the great granddaughter of Erasmus Taylor (1715-1794) who was the brother of President James Madison's grandmother Frances Taylor Madison. Zachary Taylor Sr.(1707-1768) (President Taylor's grandfather) was the brother of Erasmus Taylor (1707-1768). The family is from Orange County, Virginia also known as New Kent British Colonial Virginia. Other residences include Everettsville, Louisa County, and Fredericksbury Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16688, Garland family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16688, Garland family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists primarly of 26 letters of correspondence between Thomas Garland, his wife Jane Moore Taylor Garland (1810-1861), her father William Day Taylor (1781-1858), and Jane's sisters and sisters(-in-law?) F. A. Taylor (Frances Ann Taylor), Clarissa \"Clara\" Garland Kean (1816-1845), her husband Dr. Ortho Williams Kean (1813-1865), and Mary Garland from New Kent, British Colonial Virginia (Orange County, Virginia) and other locations including Botetourt County, Goochland, Everettsville, Taylorsville, Boyd's Tavern, and Fredericksburg, Virginia from about 1830-1858.  Other family members mentioned in the collection are Angelina \"Ange\" Fitch Mitchell,  William Jacquelin \"Jack\" Taylor (1815-1854) and Miriam Nones Jacob Taylor. There is a receipt from a D. J. Cauthen and a photograph of Frank Everett Hartmann and family at his graduation from the University of Virginia in 1911.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe letters often refer to enslaved persons who were hired out or relocated by the family. Of interest regarding nineteenth century women is a letter (December 19, 1833)from Frances Ann Taylor to her sister Jane Moore Garland describing the difficulties and lack of opportunities for women who were trying to obtain financial security.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther topics include business and local news about the family. The letters make brief references to local people including Dr. J. Minor, Alex Rives, and the families of Ruffner, Randolph,and Taliaferro.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter about the difficulties for women obtaining financial security.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Day Taylor to his daughter Jane Moore Taylor Garner about lending her \"Louisa\" but Jane's mother and sister Fan cannot spare \"Sally\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGarland accuses Ned of making complaints about Garland's drinking.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Smith is at Matmoral and is the Surgeon General to General Taylor's army. Also mentions his domestic trouble and Mrs. Smith has gotten a divorce but is now anxious that he should receive her again and his friends are opposed to that.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists primarly of 26 letters of correspondence between Thomas Garland, his wife Jane Moore Taylor Garland (1810-1861), her father William Day Taylor (1781-1858), and Jane's sisters and sisters(-in-law?) F. A. Taylor (Frances Ann Taylor), Clarissa \"Clara\" Garland Kean (1816-1845), her husband Dr. Ortho Williams Kean (1813-1865), and Mary Garland from New Kent, British Colonial Virginia (Orange County, Virginia) and other locations including Botetourt County, Goochland, Everettsville, Taylorsville, Boyd's Tavern, and Fredericksburg, Virginia from about 1830-1858.  Other family members mentioned in the collection are Angelina \"Ange\" Fitch Mitchell,  William Jacquelin \"Jack\" Taylor (1815-1854) and Miriam Nones Jacob Taylor. There is a receipt from a D. J. Cauthen and a photograph of Frank Everett Hartmann and family at his graduation from the University of Virginia in 1911.","The letters often refer to enslaved persons who were hired out or relocated by the family. Of interest regarding nineteenth century women is a letter (December 19, 1833)from Frances Ann Taylor to her sister Jane Moore Garland describing the difficulties and lack of opportunities for women who were trying to obtain financial security.","Other topics include business and local news about the family. The letters make brief references to local people including Dr. J. Minor, Alex Rives, and the families of Ruffner, Randolph,and Taliaferro.","Letter about the difficulties for women obtaining financial security.","William Day Taylor to his daughter Jane Moore Taylor Garner about lending her \"Louisa\" but Jane's mother and sister Fan cannot spare \"Sally\".","Garland accuses Ned of making complaints about Garland's drinking.","William Smith is at Matmoral and is the Surgeon General to General Taylor's army. Also mentions his domestic trouble and Mrs. Smith has gotten a divorce but is now anxious that he should receive her again and his friends are opposed to that."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":27,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:31:08.429Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1375"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_813","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Gay family papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_813#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Gay family papers (1829-1922; 0.5 cubic feet) document the lives of members of the Gay family of Staunton, Virginia. The collection contains approximately 200 letters written by and to family members, with about one-third of the letters written by Private Charles Wyndham Gay (1841-1862) of the Confederate Army to his parents. Other letters include those from Alexandre Etienne de Clouet, a Louisiana Deputy to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_813#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_813","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_813","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_813","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_813","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_813.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/721","title_filing_ssi":"Gay family papers","title_ssm":["Gay family papers"],"title_tesim":["Gay family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1829-1922"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1829-1922"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16415","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/813"],"text":["MSS 16415","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/813","Gay family papers","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","Materials have been placed in chronological order.","Charles S. Gay (1802-1872) married Margaret Lewis Erskine (1817-1899) and lived in Staunton, Virginia. The couple had at least seven children, including Charles Wyndham Gay (1841-1862), who served as an artilleryman in the Confederacy's Army of the Shenandoah. Charles W. Gay was killed by a shell fragment at Malvern Hill on 1 July 1962.","Source: Materials within collection.","The Gay family papers (1829-1922; 0.5 cubic feet) document the lives of members of the Gay family of Staunton, Virginia. The collection contains approximately 200 letters written by and to family members, with about one-third of the letters written by Private Charles Wyndham Gay (1841-1862) of the Confederate Army to his parents. Other letters include those from Alexandre Etienne de Clouet, a Louisiana Deputy to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Materials are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16415","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/813"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gay family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Gay family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Gay family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 2019-0060 Purchased 2 April 2018, Elizabeth Cocke Coles Fund, 2017/2018; 2019-0061 Purchased 2 April 2018, Elizabeth Cocke Coles Fund, 2017/2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 document box"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 document box"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials have been placed in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials have been placed in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles S. Gay (1802-1872) married Margaret Lewis Erskine (1817-1899) and lived in Staunton, Virginia. The couple had at least seven children, including Charles Wyndham Gay (1841-1862), who served as an artilleryman in the Confederacy's Army of the Shenandoah. Charles W. Gay was killed by a shell fragment at Malvern Hill on 1 July 1962.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Materials within collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles S. Gay (1802-1872) married Margaret Lewis Erskine (1817-1899) and lived in Staunton, Virginia. The couple had at least seven children, including Charles Wyndham Gay (1841-1862), who served as an artilleryman in the Confederacy's Army of the Shenandoah. Charles W. Gay was killed by a shell fragment at Malvern Hill on 1 July 1962.","Source: Materials within collection."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16415, Gay family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16415, Gay family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Gay family papers (1829-1922; 0.5 cubic feet) document the lives of members of the Gay family of Staunton, Virginia. The collection contains approximately 200 letters written by and to family members, with about one-third of the letters written by Private Charles Wyndham Gay (1841-1862) of the Confederate Army to his parents. Other letters include those from Alexandre Etienne de Clouet, a Louisiana Deputy to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents Note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Gay family papers (1829-1922; 0.5 cubic feet) document the lives of members of the Gay family of Staunton, Virginia. The collection contains approximately 200 letters written by and to family members, with about one-third of the letters written by Private Charles Wyndham Gay (1841-1862) of the Confederate Army to his parents. Other letters include those from Alexandre Etienne de Clouet, a Louisiana Deputy to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["Materials are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:41:37.131Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_813","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_813","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_813","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_813","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_813.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/721","title_filing_ssi":"Gay family papers","title_ssm":["Gay family papers"],"title_tesim":["Gay family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1829-1922"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1829-1922"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16415","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/813"],"text":["MSS 16415","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/813","Gay family papers","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","Materials have been placed in chronological order.","Charles S. Gay (1802-1872) married Margaret Lewis Erskine (1817-1899) and lived in Staunton, Virginia. The couple had at least seven children, including Charles Wyndham Gay (1841-1862), who served as an artilleryman in the Confederacy's Army of the Shenandoah. Charles W. Gay was killed by a shell fragment at Malvern Hill on 1 July 1962.","Source: Materials within collection.","The Gay family papers (1829-1922; 0.5 cubic feet) document the lives of members of the Gay family of Staunton, Virginia. The collection contains approximately 200 letters written by and to family members, with about one-third of the letters written by Private Charles Wyndham Gay (1841-1862) of the Confederate Army to his parents. Other letters include those from Alexandre Etienne de Clouet, a Louisiana Deputy to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Materials are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16415","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/813"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gay family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Gay family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Gay family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 2019-0060 Purchased 2 April 2018, Elizabeth Cocke Coles Fund, 2017/2018; 2019-0061 Purchased 2 April 2018, Elizabeth Cocke Coles Fund, 2017/2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 document box"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 document box"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials have been placed in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials have been placed in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles S. Gay (1802-1872) married Margaret Lewis Erskine (1817-1899) and lived in Staunton, Virginia. The couple had at least seven children, including Charles Wyndham Gay (1841-1862), who served as an artilleryman in the Confederacy's Army of the Shenandoah. Charles W. Gay was killed by a shell fragment at Malvern Hill on 1 July 1962.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Materials within collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles S. Gay (1802-1872) married Margaret Lewis Erskine (1817-1899) and lived in Staunton, Virginia. The couple had at least seven children, including Charles Wyndham Gay (1841-1862), who served as an artilleryman in the Confederacy's Army of the Shenandoah. Charles W. Gay was killed by a shell fragment at Malvern Hill on 1 July 1962.","Source: Materials within collection."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16415, Gay family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16415, Gay family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Gay family papers (1829-1922; 0.5 cubic feet) document the lives of members of the Gay family of Staunton, Virginia. The collection contains approximately 200 letters written by and to family members, with about one-third of the letters written by Private Charles Wyndham Gay (1841-1862) of the Confederate Army to his parents. Other letters include those from Alexandre Etienne de Clouet, a Louisiana Deputy to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents Note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Gay family papers (1829-1922; 0.5 cubic feet) document the lives of members of the Gay family of Staunton, Virginia. The collection contains approximately 200 letters written by and to family members, with about one-third of the letters written by Private Charles Wyndham Gay (1841-1862) of the Confederate Army to his parents. Other letters include those from Alexandre Etienne de Clouet, a Louisiana Deputy to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["Materials are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:41:37.131Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_813"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George Washington Lewis papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_965#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_965#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_965#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_965.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120875","title_filing_ssi":"Lewis, George Washington, papers","title_ssm":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"title_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1805-1906, 1966"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1805-1906, 1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965"],"text":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965","George Washington Lewis papers","Lewis family","Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)","Good.","The collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent.","Judge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).","Francis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.","As shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).","Henry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.","The correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.","According to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\"","This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.","These copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown.","The George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.","Bayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.","This is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.","Sends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.","Brockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.","Burke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"","He writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.","Cameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.","John Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.","Supplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.","John Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" ","He tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.","Carter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. ","In his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. ","The third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).","Agrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.","Tells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.","Davis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.","Dickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.","Asks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.","Edward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.","Benjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.","Forbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.","Declines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.","Godfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).","Encloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.","Despite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.","Writes a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.","Expresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).","Provides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.","Lewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. ","Also present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. ","Since the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.","These letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).","In this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.","His first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).","Lewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). ","Lewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). ","Lewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).","Lewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.","Writes from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).","Discusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.","Lewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.","Lewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.","Henry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).","Characterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.","Henry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.","Jane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.","Louisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.","\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. ","She regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.","He writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.","She writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.","Assures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.","Thomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).","A very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.","Notifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.","Includes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).","John [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).","Marye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.","Lewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.","Mayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.","Miller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).","Writes a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.","Minor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).","Both men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.","Patton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).","Pendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).","Asks Lewis to come and visit him.","Rives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).","Describes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.","Asks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.","The Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).","Recommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).","Asks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.","Sheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.","Declines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.","Stuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.","Tayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).","Includes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.","If Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.","Washington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).","Washington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.","Regrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).","Willis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).","Commends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.","Mary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.","Lewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.","This includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.","The memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.","Photographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.","Paper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.","This is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes.","This collection is open for research.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Lewis family"],"geogname_ssim":["Lewis family"],"creator_ssm":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creator_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creators_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"places_ssim":["Lewis family"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is open for research."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library by Betty Works Fuller, a descendant of George Washington Lewis, on April 5, 2018. These papers were received by Lucy Robb Winston Works (1916-2016) from several members of her family and she preserved them as a collection."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":[".75 Cubic Feet 2 boxes; 1 legal document box and 1 half-size legal document box."],"extent_tesim":[".75 Cubic Feet 2 boxes; 1 legal document box and 1 half-size legal document box."],"physfacet_tesim":["Roughly 0.75 cubic feet\n of material  "],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJudge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrancis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Judge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).","Francis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.","As shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).","Henry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.","The correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.","According to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\""],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["These copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington Lewis papers, MSS 16413, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers, MSS 16413, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBurke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGodfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDespite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSince the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharacterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLouisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAssures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoth men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePatton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks Lewis to come and visit him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePaper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.","Bayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.","This is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.","Sends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.","Brockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.","Burke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"","He writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.","Cameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.","John Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.","Supplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.","John Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" ","He tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.","Carter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. ","In his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. ","The third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).","Agrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.","Tells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.","Davis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.","Dickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.","Asks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.","Edward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.","Benjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.","Forbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.","Declines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.","Godfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).","Encloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.","Despite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.","Writes a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.","Expresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).","Provides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.","Lewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. ","Also present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. ","Since the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.","These letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).","In this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.","His first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).","Lewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). ","Lewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). ","Lewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).","Lewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.","Writes from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).","Discusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.","Lewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.","Lewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.","Henry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).","Characterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.","Henry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.","Jane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.","Louisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.","\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. ","She regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.","He writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.","She writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.","Assures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.","Thomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).","A very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.","Notifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.","Includes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).","John [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).","Marye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.","Lewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.","Mayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.","Miller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).","Writes a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.","Minor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).","Both men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.","Patton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).","Pendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).","Asks Lewis to come and visit him.","Rives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).","Describes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.","Asks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.","The Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).","Recommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).","Asks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.","Sheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.","Declines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.","Stuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.","Tayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).","Includes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.","If Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.","Washington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).","Washington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.","Regrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).","Willis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).","Commends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.","Mary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.","Lewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.","This includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.","The memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.","Photographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.","Paper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.","This is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":99,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-09T07:08:45.006Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_965.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120875","title_filing_ssi":"Lewis, George Washington, papers","title_ssm":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"title_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1805-1906, 1966"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1805-1906, 1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965"],"text":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965","George Washington Lewis papers","Lewis family","Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)","Good.","The collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent.","Judge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).","Francis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.","As shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).","Henry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.","The correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.","According to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\"","This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.","These copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown.","The George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.","Bayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.","This is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.","Sends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.","Brockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.","Burke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"","He writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.","Cameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.","John Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.","Supplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.","John Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" ","He tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.","Carter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. ","In his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. ","The third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).","Agrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.","Tells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.","Davis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.","Dickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.","Asks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.","Edward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.","Benjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.","Forbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.","Declines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.","Godfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).","Encloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.","Despite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.","Writes a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.","Expresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).","Provides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.","Lewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. ","Also present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. ","Since the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.","These letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).","In this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.","His first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).","Lewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). ","Lewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). ","Lewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).","Lewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.","Writes from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).","Discusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.","Lewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.","Lewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.","Henry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).","Characterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.","Henry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.","Jane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.","Louisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.","\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. ","She regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.","He writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.","She writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.","Assures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.","Thomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).","A very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.","Notifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.","Includes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).","John [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).","Marye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.","Lewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.","Mayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.","Miller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).","Writes a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.","Minor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).","Both men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.","Patton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).","Pendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).","Asks Lewis to come and visit him.","Rives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).","Describes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.","Asks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.","The Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).","Recommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).","Asks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.","Sheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.","Declines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.","Stuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.","Tayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).","Includes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.","If Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.","Washington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).","Washington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.","Regrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).","Willis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).","Commends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.","Mary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.","Lewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.","This includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.","The memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.","Photographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.","Paper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.","This is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes.","This collection is open for research.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Lewis family"],"geogname_ssim":["Lewis family"],"creator_ssm":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creator_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creators_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"places_ssim":["Lewis family"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is open for research."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library by Betty Works Fuller, a descendant of George Washington Lewis, on April 5, 2018. These papers were received by Lucy Robb Winston Works (1916-2016) from several members of her family and she preserved them as a collection."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":[".75 Cubic Feet 2 boxes; 1 legal document box and 1 half-size legal document box."],"extent_tesim":[".75 Cubic Feet 2 boxes; 1 legal document box and 1 half-size legal document box."],"physfacet_tesim":["Roughly 0.75 cubic feet\n of material  "],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJudge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrancis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Judge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).","Francis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.","As shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).","Henry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.","The correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.","According to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\""],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["These copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington Lewis papers, MSS 16413, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers, MSS 16413, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBurke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGodfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDespite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSince the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharacterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLouisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAssures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoth men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePatton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks Lewis to come and visit him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePaper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.","Bayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.","This is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.","Sends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.","Brockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.","Burke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"","He writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.","Cameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.","John Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.","Supplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.","John Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" ","He tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.","Carter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. ","In his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. ","The third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).","Agrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.","Tells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.","Davis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.","Dickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.","Asks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.","Edward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.","Benjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.","Forbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.","Declines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.","Godfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).","Encloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.","Despite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.","Writes a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.","Expresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).","Provides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.","Lewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. ","Also present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. ","Since the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.","These letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).","In this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.","His first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).","Lewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). ","Lewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). ","Lewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).","Lewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.","Writes from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).","Discusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.","Lewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.","Lewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.","Henry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).","Characterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.","Henry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.","Jane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.","Louisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.","\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. ","She regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.","He writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.","She writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.","Assures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.","Thomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).","A very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.","Notifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.","Includes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).","John [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).","Marye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.","Lewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.","Mayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.","Miller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).","Writes a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.","Minor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).","Both men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.","Patton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).","Pendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).","Asks Lewis to come and visit him.","Rives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).","Describes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.","Asks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.","The Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).","Recommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).","Asks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.","Sheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.","Declines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.","Stuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.","Tayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).","Includes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.","If Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.","Washington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).","Washington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.","Regrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).","Willis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).","Commends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.","Mary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.","Lewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.","This includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.","The memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.","Photographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.","Paper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.","This is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":99,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-09T07:08:45.006Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_965"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_815","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Goss family papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_815#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Goss family papers (1820-2014; 4 cubic feet) contain Civil War letters and documents including a pardon for Ebenezer Walker Goss from President Andrew Johnson in 1865, manuscript receipts of goods sold to the Confederate Army, enslaved person receipts, and papers (mostly correspondence) related to their 19th and early 20th century family in Somerset, Virginia. Business records reflect their apple orchard, farming, and dairy business which was maintained by Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1861-1914), and her brother Ebenezer \"Lee\" Goss,(1863-1934). The family papers also contain correspondence with William and Marion du Pont about horses and dogs. There are also letters from suitors, particularly J. Frank Lobingier, pursuing Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1880-1909), from around the country. Miss Goss lived for a while in Pomona California, and Saltito, Mexico. The family papers also contain photographs and genealogy describing their family history in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_815#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_815","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_815","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_815","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_815","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_815.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/723","title_filing_ssi":"Goss family papers","title_ssm":["Goss family papers"],"title_tesim":["Goss family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1820-2014","1820-1930"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1820-1930"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1820-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16398","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/815"],"text":["MSS 16398","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/815","Goss family papers","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence","letters (correspondence)","Business records","The collection is open for research use.","The collection has been arranged into Six series.","Ebenezer Walker Goss of Somerset Virginia (1820-1885), son of the Reverend John W. Goss (1775-1838), married Ann Carter Nalle (1824-1907) and they had five children, Ann \"Nannie\" C. Goss Walker (1848-1928)who married Robert Walker, Jane Goss Claiborne (1853-1922)who married Robert Claiborne, Rosa Goss Turner (1857-1923) who married Mortimer A. Turner (school teacher at Woodberry Forest), Mary Botts Goss (1858-1881),Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1861-1914), and Ebenezer Lee Goss (1863-1934).","Most of the letters in the collection are to Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss who took care of her mother in Somerset, Virginia. Lottie suffered from serious bouts of asthma and was engaged to J. Frank Lobingier who lived in Pomona, California. Mr. Lobingier was also devoted to caring for his mother. Lottie's health and the couple's devotion to their family is mentioned frequently in his letters from 1880 to 1909 as a delay in their becoming married. Instead of marriage, \"Lottie\" visited friends and helped her brother Lee take care of their farm.","The Goss family papers (1820-2014; 4 cubic feet) contain Civil War letters and documents including a pardon for Ebenezer Walker Goss from President Andrew Johnson in 1865, manuscript receipts of goods sold to the Confederate Army, enslaved person receipts, and papers (mostly correspondence) related to their 19th and early 20th century family in Somerset, Virginia. Business records reflect their apple orchard, farming, and dairy business which was maintained by Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1861-1914), and her brother Ebenezer \"Lee\" Goss,(1863-1934).  The family papers also contain correspondence with William and Marion du Pont about horses and dogs. There are also letters from suitors, particularly J. Frank Lobingier, pursuing Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1880-1909), from around the country. Miss Goss lived for a while in Pomona California, and Saltito, Mexico. The family papers also contain photographs and genealogy describing their family history in Virginia.","Letters from Leigh Page and J. L. Kemper,1864, requesting Ebenezer Goss be transferred from infantry to cavalry,as he is too old (45) to be in the infantry but is an excellent horseman; Certificate for Goss' substitute for service in the C.S.A; Parole certificate dated May 16, 1865; William Seward acknowledgement of President Andrew Johnson's pardon of Goss, November 8, 1865; and receipts of goods sold to the Confederate government on Sept.25, 1863.","There is also an enslavement receipt and a letter from James W. Walker to his daughter Fanny dated Madison, October 28, 1862 in which he complains of the Yankees and the fact that they took 9  of his \"Negro\" men.","Letters from Leigh Page and J. L. Kemper,1864, requesting Ebenezer Goss be transferred from infantry to cavalry,as he is too old (45) to be in the infantry but is an excellent horseman; Certificate for Goss' substitute for service in the C.S.A; Parole certificate dated May 16, 1865; William Seward acknowledgement of President Andrew Johnson's pardon of Goss, November 8, 1865; and receipts of goods sold to the Confederate government on Sept.25, 1863.","There is an enslavement receipt and a letter from James W. Walker to his daughter Fanny dated Madison, October 28, 1862 in which he complains of the Yankees and the fact that they took 9 of his \"Negro\" men.","Family correspondence (1868-1925) relates to the health, activities, and financial situations of family members and includes John W. Goss to his son Ebenezer Goss; Lee Goss with his sister Ann \"Nannie\" Goss Walker; Ann Carter Nalle Goss to her daughter Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss; letters from Rosa Goss Turner; Mortimer A. Turner to Charlotte Goss, and letters from R. Mason Nalle and Joseph G. Walker. Personal correspondence includes letters from J. Frank Lobingier who seriously courted Charlotte Goss from 1880 to 1909. There are also letters from other boyfriends charging her with unrequited love for them.","Includes letters from \"H\" and one letter from Nisbut Reid to Charlotte Goss.","Included is a letter from Governor of Virginia Westmoreland Davis","Business correspondence relating to debts, stocks, and provisions for their farm and including legal deeds for Somerset.","Includes letter from Lee Goss to Robinson Riley about the coffee industry in Venezuela (1896 April 1st); letter from Lee Goss requesting a man to run his farm business; letters from State Veterinarian J. G. Ferneyhough.","Includes receipt for stud services","Includes samples of checks written by Goss family","Charlotte Goss and Lee Goss account books and notebooks","Includes typed manuscript, \"Life of John Goss\". There is also genealogy of the Nalle family.","Photographs of Somerset home, Charlotte Goss, Rosa Goss Turner, Ebenezer Lee Goss, Ann Carter Nalle Goss, James Goss, J. Frank Lobingier, and Horace Stringfellow","Photographs of Somerset Farm and some family members","Photographs of Somerset home, Charlotte Goss, Rosa Goss Turner, Ebenezer Lee Goss, Ann Carter Nalle Goss, James Goss, J. Frank Lobingier, and Horace Stringfellow","Index rerum (1839) by the Reverend John Todd belonging to Ebenezer Goss, newspaper clippings, artwork, and programs including an invitation to President William McKinley's inaugural ball (1897)","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16398","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/815"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Goss family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Goss family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Goss family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 2017-0193 Purchased, 30 October 2017; Elizabeth Cocke Coles Fund, 2017/2018.  Accession 2018-0033 Donated by Atwell W. Somerville, Jr., 30 October 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Cubic Feet 7 document boxes,  2 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["4 Cubic Feet 7 document boxes,  2 oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged into Six series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged into Six series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEbenezer Walker Goss of Somerset Virginia (1820-1885), son of the Reverend John W. Goss (1775-1838), married Ann Carter Nalle (1824-1907) and they had five children, Ann \"Nannie\" C. Goss Walker (1848-1928)who married Robert Walker, Jane Goss Claiborne (1853-1922)who married Robert Claiborne, Rosa Goss Turner (1857-1923) who married Mortimer A. Turner (school teacher at Woodberry Forest), Mary Botts Goss (1858-1881),Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1861-1914), and Ebenezer Lee Goss (1863-1934).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the letters in the collection are to Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss who took care of her mother in Somerset, Virginia. Lottie suffered from serious bouts of asthma and was engaged to J. Frank Lobingier who lived in Pomona, California. Mr. Lobingier was also devoted to caring for his mother. Lottie's health and the couple's devotion to their family is mentioned frequently in his letters from 1880 to 1909 as a delay in their becoming married. Instead of marriage, \"Lottie\" visited friends and helped her brother Lee take care of their farm.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ebenezer Walker Goss of Somerset Virginia (1820-1885), son of the Reverend John W. Goss (1775-1838), married Ann Carter Nalle (1824-1907) and they had five children, Ann \"Nannie\" C. Goss Walker (1848-1928)who married Robert Walker, Jane Goss Claiborne (1853-1922)who married Robert Claiborne, Rosa Goss Turner (1857-1923) who married Mortimer A. Turner (school teacher at Woodberry Forest), Mary Botts Goss (1858-1881),Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1861-1914), and Ebenezer Lee Goss (1863-1934).","Most of the letters in the collection are to Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss who took care of her mother in Somerset, Virginia. Lottie suffered from serious bouts of asthma and was engaged to J. Frank Lobingier who lived in Pomona, California. Mr. Lobingier was also devoted to caring for his mother. Lottie's health and the couple's devotion to their family is mentioned frequently in his letters from 1880 to 1909 as a delay in their becoming married. Instead of marriage, \"Lottie\" visited friends and helped her brother Lee take care of their farm."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16389, Goss family papers, Albret and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16389, Goss family papers, Albret and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Goss family papers (1820-2014; 4 cubic feet) contain Civil War letters and documents including a pardon for Ebenezer Walker Goss from President Andrew Johnson in 1865, manuscript receipts of goods sold to the Confederate Army, enslaved person receipts, and papers (mostly correspondence) related to their 19th and early 20th century family in Somerset, Virginia. Business records reflect their apple orchard, farming, and dairy business which was maintained by Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1861-1914), and her brother Ebenezer \"Lee\" Goss,(1863-1934).  The family papers also contain correspondence with William and Marion du Pont about horses and dogs. There are also letters from suitors, particularly J. Frank Lobingier, pursuing Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1880-1909), from around the country. Miss Goss lived for a while in Pomona California, and Saltito, Mexico. The family papers also contain photographs and genealogy describing their family history in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from Leigh Page and J. L. Kemper,1864, requesting Ebenezer Goss be transferred from infantry to cavalry,as he is too old (45) to be in the infantry but is an excellent horseman; Certificate for Goss' substitute for service in the C.S.A; Parole certificate dated May 16, 1865; William Seward acknowledgement of President Andrew Johnson's pardon of Goss, November 8, 1865; and receipts of goods sold to the Confederate government on Sept.25, 1863.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also an enslavement receipt and a letter from James W. Walker to his daughter Fanny dated Madison, October 28, 1862 in which he complains of the Yankees and the fact that they took 9  of his \"Negro\" men.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from Leigh Page and J. L. Kemper,1864, requesting Ebenezer Goss be transferred from infantry to cavalry,as he is too old (45) to be in the infantry but is an excellent horseman; Certificate for Goss' substitute for service in the C.S.A; Parole certificate dated May 16, 1865; William Seward acknowledgement of President Andrew Johnson's pardon of Goss, November 8, 1865; and receipts of goods sold to the Confederate government on Sept.25, 1863.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an enslavement receipt and a letter from James W. Walker to his daughter Fanny dated Madison, October 28, 1862 in which he complains of the Yankees and the fact that they took 9 of his \"Negro\" men.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily correspondence (1868-1925) relates to the health, activities, and financial situations of family members and includes John W. Goss to his son Ebenezer Goss; Lee Goss with his sister Ann \"Nannie\" Goss Walker; Ann Carter Nalle Goss to her daughter Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss; letters from Rosa Goss Turner; Mortimer A. Turner to Charlotte Goss, and letters from R. Mason Nalle and Joseph G. Walker. Personal correspondence includes letters from J. Frank Lobingier who seriously courted Charlotte Goss from 1880 to 1909. There are also letters from other boyfriends charging her with unrequited love for them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters from \"H\" and one letter from Nisbut Reid to Charlotte Goss.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded is a letter from Governor of Virginia Westmoreland Davis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBusiness correspondence relating to debts, stocks, and provisions for their farm and including legal deeds for Somerset.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter from Lee Goss to Robinson Riley about the coffee industry in Venezuela (1896 April 1st); letter from Lee Goss requesting a man to run his farm business; letters from State Veterinarian J. G. Ferneyhough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes receipt for stud services\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes samples of checks written by Goss family\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharlotte Goss and Lee Goss account books and notebooks\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes typed manuscript, \"Life of John Goss\". There is also genealogy of the Nalle family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of Somerset home, Charlotte Goss, Rosa Goss Turner, Ebenezer Lee Goss, Ann Carter Nalle Goss, James Goss, J. Frank Lobingier, and Horace Stringfellow\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of Somerset Farm and some family members\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of Somerset home, Charlotte Goss, Rosa Goss Turner, Ebenezer Lee Goss, Ann Carter Nalle Goss, James Goss, J. Frank Lobingier, and Horace Stringfellow\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndex rerum (1839) by the Reverend John Todd belonging to Ebenezer Goss, newspaper clippings, artwork, and programs including an invitation to President William McKinley's inaugural ball (1897)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents Note","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Goss family papers (1820-2014; 4 cubic feet) contain Civil War letters and documents including a pardon for Ebenezer Walker Goss from President Andrew Johnson in 1865, manuscript receipts of goods sold to the Confederate Army, enslaved person receipts, and papers (mostly correspondence) related to their 19th and early 20th century family in Somerset, Virginia. Business records reflect their apple orchard, farming, and dairy business which was maintained by Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1861-1914), and her brother Ebenezer \"Lee\" Goss,(1863-1934).  The family papers also contain correspondence with William and Marion du Pont about horses and dogs. There are also letters from suitors, particularly J. Frank Lobingier, pursuing Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1880-1909), from around the country. Miss Goss lived for a while in Pomona California, and Saltito, Mexico. The family papers also contain photographs and genealogy describing their family history in Virginia.","Letters from Leigh Page and J. L. Kemper,1864, requesting Ebenezer Goss be transferred from infantry to cavalry,as he is too old (45) to be in the infantry but is an excellent horseman; Certificate for Goss' substitute for service in the C.S.A; Parole certificate dated May 16, 1865; William Seward acknowledgement of President Andrew Johnson's pardon of Goss, November 8, 1865; and receipts of goods sold to the Confederate government on Sept.25, 1863.","There is also an enslavement receipt and a letter from James W. Walker to his daughter Fanny dated Madison, October 28, 1862 in which he complains of the Yankees and the fact that they took 9  of his \"Negro\" men.","Letters from Leigh Page and J. L. Kemper,1864, requesting Ebenezer Goss be transferred from infantry to cavalry,as he is too old (45) to be in the infantry but is an excellent horseman; Certificate for Goss' substitute for service in the C.S.A; Parole certificate dated May 16, 1865; William Seward acknowledgement of President Andrew Johnson's pardon of Goss, November 8, 1865; and receipts of goods sold to the Confederate government on Sept.25, 1863.","There is an enslavement receipt and a letter from James W. Walker to his daughter Fanny dated Madison, October 28, 1862 in which he complains of the Yankees and the fact that they took 9 of his \"Negro\" men.","Family correspondence (1868-1925) relates to the health, activities, and financial situations of family members and includes John W. Goss to his son Ebenezer Goss; Lee Goss with his sister Ann \"Nannie\" Goss Walker; Ann Carter Nalle Goss to her daughter Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss; letters from Rosa Goss Turner; Mortimer A. Turner to Charlotte Goss, and letters from R. Mason Nalle and Joseph G. Walker. Personal correspondence includes letters from J. Frank Lobingier who seriously courted Charlotte Goss from 1880 to 1909. There are also letters from other boyfriends charging her with unrequited love for them.","Includes letters from \"H\" and one letter from Nisbut Reid to Charlotte Goss.","Included is a letter from Governor of Virginia Westmoreland Davis","Business correspondence relating to debts, stocks, and provisions for their farm and including legal deeds for Somerset.","Includes letter from Lee Goss to Robinson Riley about the coffee industry in Venezuela (1896 April 1st); letter from Lee Goss requesting a man to run his farm business; letters from State Veterinarian J. G. Ferneyhough.","Includes receipt for stud services","Includes samples of checks written by Goss family","Charlotte Goss and Lee Goss account books and notebooks","Includes typed manuscript, \"Life of John Goss\". There is also genealogy of the Nalle family.","Photographs of Somerset home, Charlotte Goss, Rosa Goss Turner, Ebenezer Lee Goss, Ann Carter Nalle Goss, James Goss, J. Frank Lobingier, and Horace Stringfellow","Photographs of Somerset Farm and some family members","Photographs of Somerset home, Charlotte Goss, Rosa Goss Turner, Ebenezer Lee Goss, Ann Carter Nalle Goss, James Goss, J. Frank Lobingier, and Horace Stringfellow","Index rerum (1839) by the Reverend John Todd belonging to Ebenezer Goss, newspaper clippings, artwork, and programs including an invitation to President William McKinley's inaugural ball (1897)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":74,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:23:49.024Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_815","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_815","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_815","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_815","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_815.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/723","title_filing_ssi":"Goss family papers","title_ssm":["Goss family papers"],"title_tesim":["Goss family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1820-2014","1820-1930"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1820-1930"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1820-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16398","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/815"],"text":["MSS 16398","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/815","Goss family papers","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence","letters (correspondence)","Business records","The collection is open for research use.","The collection has been arranged into Six series.","Ebenezer Walker Goss of Somerset Virginia (1820-1885), son of the Reverend John W. Goss (1775-1838), married Ann Carter Nalle (1824-1907) and they had five children, Ann \"Nannie\" C. Goss Walker (1848-1928)who married Robert Walker, Jane Goss Claiborne (1853-1922)who married Robert Claiborne, Rosa Goss Turner (1857-1923) who married Mortimer A. Turner (school teacher at Woodberry Forest), Mary Botts Goss (1858-1881),Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1861-1914), and Ebenezer Lee Goss (1863-1934).","Most of the letters in the collection are to Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss who took care of her mother in Somerset, Virginia. Lottie suffered from serious bouts of asthma and was engaged to J. Frank Lobingier who lived in Pomona, California. Mr. Lobingier was also devoted to caring for his mother. Lottie's health and the couple's devotion to their family is mentioned frequently in his letters from 1880 to 1909 as a delay in their becoming married. Instead of marriage, \"Lottie\" visited friends and helped her brother Lee take care of their farm.","The Goss family papers (1820-2014; 4 cubic feet) contain Civil War letters and documents including a pardon for Ebenezer Walker Goss from President Andrew Johnson in 1865, manuscript receipts of goods sold to the Confederate Army, enslaved person receipts, and papers (mostly correspondence) related to their 19th and early 20th century family in Somerset, Virginia. Business records reflect their apple orchard, farming, and dairy business which was maintained by Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1861-1914), and her brother Ebenezer \"Lee\" Goss,(1863-1934).  The family papers also contain correspondence with William and Marion du Pont about horses and dogs. There are also letters from suitors, particularly J. Frank Lobingier, pursuing Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1880-1909), from around the country. Miss Goss lived for a while in Pomona California, and Saltito, Mexico. The family papers also contain photographs and genealogy describing their family history in Virginia.","Letters from Leigh Page and J. L. Kemper,1864, requesting Ebenezer Goss be transferred from infantry to cavalry,as he is too old (45) to be in the infantry but is an excellent horseman; Certificate for Goss' substitute for service in the C.S.A; Parole certificate dated May 16, 1865; William Seward acknowledgement of President Andrew Johnson's pardon of Goss, November 8, 1865; and receipts of goods sold to the Confederate government on Sept.25, 1863.","There is also an enslavement receipt and a letter from James W. Walker to his daughter Fanny dated Madison, October 28, 1862 in which he complains of the Yankees and the fact that they took 9  of his \"Negro\" men.","Letters from Leigh Page and J. L. Kemper,1864, requesting Ebenezer Goss be transferred from infantry to cavalry,as he is too old (45) to be in the infantry but is an excellent horseman; Certificate for Goss' substitute for service in the C.S.A; Parole certificate dated May 16, 1865; William Seward acknowledgement of President Andrew Johnson's pardon of Goss, November 8, 1865; and receipts of goods sold to the Confederate government on Sept.25, 1863.","There is an enslavement receipt and a letter from James W. Walker to his daughter Fanny dated Madison, October 28, 1862 in which he complains of the Yankees and the fact that they took 9 of his \"Negro\" men.","Family correspondence (1868-1925) relates to the health, activities, and financial situations of family members and includes John W. Goss to his son Ebenezer Goss; Lee Goss with his sister Ann \"Nannie\" Goss Walker; Ann Carter Nalle Goss to her daughter Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss; letters from Rosa Goss Turner; Mortimer A. Turner to Charlotte Goss, and letters from R. Mason Nalle and Joseph G. Walker. Personal correspondence includes letters from J. Frank Lobingier who seriously courted Charlotte Goss from 1880 to 1909. There are also letters from other boyfriends charging her with unrequited love for them.","Includes letters from \"H\" and one letter from Nisbut Reid to Charlotte Goss.","Included is a letter from Governor of Virginia Westmoreland Davis","Business correspondence relating to debts, stocks, and provisions for their farm and including legal deeds for Somerset.","Includes letter from Lee Goss to Robinson Riley about the coffee industry in Venezuela (1896 April 1st); letter from Lee Goss requesting a man to run his farm business; letters from State Veterinarian J. G. Ferneyhough.","Includes receipt for stud services","Includes samples of checks written by Goss family","Charlotte Goss and Lee Goss account books and notebooks","Includes typed manuscript, \"Life of John Goss\". There is also genealogy of the Nalle family.","Photographs of Somerset home, Charlotte Goss, Rosa Goss Turner, Ebenezer Lee Goss, Ann Carter Nalle Goss, James Goss, J. Frank Lobingier, and Horace Stringfellow","Photographs of Somerset Farm and some family members","Photographs of Somerset home, Charlotte Goss, Rosa Goss Turner, Ebenezer Lee Goss, Ann Carter Nalle Goss, James Goss, J. Frank Lobingier, and Horace Stringfellow","Index rerum (1839) by the Reverend John Todd belonging to Ebenezer Goss, newspaper clippings, artwork, and programs including an invitation to President William McKinley's inaugural ball (1897)","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16398","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/815"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Goss family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Goss family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Goss family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 2017-0193 Purchased, 30 October 2017; Elizabeth Cocke Coles Fund, 2017/2018.  Accession 2018-0033 Donated by Atwell W. Somerville, Jr., 30 October 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Cubic Feet 7 document boxes,  2 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["4 Cubic Feet 7 document boxes,  2 oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged into Six series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged into Six series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEbenezer Walker Goss of Somerset Virginia (1820-1885), son of the Reverend John W. Goss (1775-1838), married Ann Carter Nalle (1824-1907) and they had five children, Ann \"Nannie\" C. Goss Walker (1848-1928)who married Robert Walker, Jane Goss Claiborne (1853-1922)who married Robert Claiborne, Rosa Goss Turner (1857-1923) who married Mortimer A. Turner (school teacher at Woodberry Forest), Mary Botts Goss (1858-1881),Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1861-1914), and Ebenezer Lee Goss (1863-1934).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the letters in the collection are to Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss who took care of her mother in Somerset, Virginia. Lottie suffered from serious bouts of asthma and was engaged to J. Frank Lobingier who lived in Pomona, California. Mr. Lobingier was also devoted to caring for his mother. Lottie's health and the couple's devotion to their family is mentioned frequently in his letters from 1880 to 1909 as a delay in their becoming married. Instead of marriage, \"Lottie\" visited friends and helped her brother Lee take care of their farm.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ebenezer Walker Goss of Somerset Virginia (1820-1885), son of the Reverend John W. Goss (1775-1838), married Ann Carter Nalle (1824-1907) and they had five children, Ann \"Nannie\" C. Goss Walker (1848-1928)who married Robert Walker, Jane Goss Claiborne (1853-1922)who married Robert Claiborne, Rosa Goss Turner (1857-1923) who married Mortimer A. Turner (school teacher at Woodberry Forest), Mary Botts Goss (1858-1881),Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1861-1914), and Ebenezer Lee Goss (1863-1934).","Most of the letters in the collection are to Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss who took care of her mother in Somerset, Virginia. Lottie suffered from serious bouts of asthma and was engaged to J. Frank Lobingier who lived in Pomona, California. Mr. Lobingier was also devoted to caring for his mother. Lottie's health and the couple's devotion to their family is mentioned frequently in his letters from 1880 to 1909 as a delay in their becoming married. Instead of marriage, \"Lottie\" visited friends and helped her brother Lee take care of their farm."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16389, Goss family papers, Albret and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16389, Goss family papers, Albret and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Goss family papers (1820-2014; 4 cubic feet) contain Civil War letters and documents including a pardon for Ebenezer Walker Goss from President Andrew Johnson in 1865, manuscript receipts of goods sold to the Confederate Army, enslaved person receipts, and papers (mostly correspondence) related to their 19th and early 20th century family in Somerset, Virginia. Business records reflect their apple orchard, farming, and dairy business which was maintained by Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1861-1914), and her brother Ebenezer \"Lee\" Goss,(1863-1934).  The family papers also contain correspondence with William and Marion du Pont about horses and dogs. There are also letters from suitors, particularly J. Frank Lobingier, pursuing Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1880-1909), from around the country. Miss Goss lived for a while in Pomona California, and Saltito, Mexico. The family papers also contain photographs and genealogy describing their family history in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from Leigh Page and J. L. Kemper,1864, requesting Ebenezer Goss be transferred from infantry to cavalry,as he is too old (45) to be in the infantry but is an excellent horseman; Certificate for Goss' substitute for service in the C.S.A; Parole certificate dated May 16, 1865; William Seward acknowledgement of President Andrew Johnson's pardon of Goss, November 8, 1865; and receipts of goods sold to the Confederate government on Sept.25, 1863.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also an enslavement receipt and a letter from James W. Walker to his daughter Fanny dated Madison, October 28, 1862 in which he complains of the Yankees and the fact that they took 9  of his \"Negro\" men.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from Leigh Page and J. L. Kemper,1864, requesting Ebenezer Goss be transferred from infantry to cavalry,as he is too old (45) to be in the infantry but is an excellent horseman; Certificate for Goss' substitute for service in the C.S.A; Parole certificate dated May 16, 1865; William Seward acknowledgement of President Andrew Johnson's pardon of Goss, November 8, 1865; and receipts of goods sold to the Confederate government on Sept.25, 1863.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an enslavement receipt and a letter from James W. Walker to his daughter Fanny dated Madison, October 28, 1862 in which he complains of the Yankees and the fact that they took 9 of his \"Negro\" men.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily correspondence (1868-1925) relates to the health, activities, and financial situations of family members and includes John W. Goss to his son Ebenezer Goss; Lee Goss with his sister Ann \"Nannie\" Goss Walker; Ann Carter Nalle Goss to her daughter Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss; letters from Rosa Goss Turner; Mortimer A. Turner to Charlotte Goss, and letters from R. Mason Nalle and Joseph G. Walker. Personal correspondence includes letters from J. Frank Lobingier who seriously courted Charlotte Goss from 1880 to 1909. There are also letters from other boyfriends charging her with unrequited love for them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters from \"H\" and one letter from Nisbut Reid to Charlotte Goss.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded is a letter from Governor of Virginia Westmoreland Davis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBusiness correspondence relating to debts, stocks, and provisions for their farm and including legal deeds for Somerset.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter from Lee Goss to Robinson Riley about the coffee industry in Venezuela (1896 April 1st); letter from Lee Goss requesting a man to run his farm business; letters from State Veterinarian J. G. Ferneyhough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes receipt for stud services\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes samples of checks written by Goss family\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharlotte Goss and Lee Goss account books and notebooks\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes typed manuscript, \"Life of John Goss\". There is also genealogy of the Nalle family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of Somerset home, Charlotte Goss, Rosa Goss Turner, Ebenezer Lee Goss, Ann Carter Nalle Goss, James Goss, J. Frank Lobingier, and Horace Stringfellow\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of Somerset Farm and some family members\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of Somerset home, Charlotte Goss, Rosa Goss Turner, Ebenezer Lee Goss, Ann Carter Nalle Goss, James Goss, J. Frank Lobingier, and Horace Stringfellow\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndex rerum (1839) by the Reverend John Todd belonging to Ebenezer Goss, newspaper clippings, artwork, and programs including an invitation to President William McKinley's inaugural ball (1897)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents Note","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Goss family papers (1820-2014; 4 cubic feet) contain Civil War letters and documents including a pardon for Ebenezer Walker Goss from President Andrew Johnson in 1865, manuscript receipts of goods sold to the Confederate Army, enslaved person receipts, and papers (mostly correspondence) related to their 19th and early 20th century family in Somerset, Virginia. Business records reflect their apple orchard, farming, and dairy business which was maintained by Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1861-1914), and her brother Ebenezer \"Lee\" Goss,(1863-1934).  The family papers also contain correspondence with William and Marion du Pont about horses and dogs. There are also letters from suitors, particularly J. Frank Lobingier, pursuing Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss (1880-1909), from around the country. Miss Goss lived for a while in Pomona California, and Saltito, Mexico. The family papers also contain photographs and genealogy describing their family history in Virginia.","Letters from Leigh Page and J. L. Kemper,1864, requesting Ebenezer Goss be transferred from infantry to cavalry,as he is too old (45) to be in the infantry but is an excellent horseman; Certificate for Goss' substitute for service in the C.S.A; Parole certificate dated May 16, 1865; William Seward acknowledgement of President Andrew Johnson's pardon of Goss, November 8, 1865; and receipts of goods sold to the Confederate government on Sept.25, 1863.","There is also an enslavement receipt and a letter from James W. Walker to his daughter Fanny dated Madison, October 28, 1862 in which he complains of the Yankees and the fact that they took 9  of his \"Negro\" men.","Letters from Leigh Page and J. L. Kemper,1864, requesting Ebenezer Goss be transferred from infantry to cavalry,as he is too old (45) to be in the infantry but is an excellent horseman; Certificate for Goss' substitute for service in the C.S.A; Parole certificate dated May 16, 1865; William Seward acknowledgement of President Andrew Johnson's pardon of Goss, November 8, 1865; and receipts of goods sold to the Confederate government on Sept.25, 1863.","There is an enslavement receipt and a letter from James W. Walker to his daughter Fanny dated Madison, October 28, 1862 in which he complains of the Yankees and the fact that they took 9 of his \"Negro\" men.","Family correspondence (1868-1925) relates to the health, activities, and financial situations of family members and includes John W. Goss to his son Ebenezer Goss; Lee Goss with his sister Ann \"Nannie\" Goss Walker; Ann Carter Nalle Goss to her daughter Charlotte \"Lottie\" Goss; letters from Rosa Goss Turner; Mortimer A. Turner to Charlotte Goss, and letters from R. Mason Nalle and Joseph G. Walker. Personal correspondence includes letters from J. Frank Lobingier who seriously courted Charlotte Goss from 1880 to 1909. There are also letters from other boyfriends charging her with unrequited love for them.","Includes letters from \"H\" and one letter from Nisbut Reid to Charlotte Goss.","Included is a letter from Governor of Virginia Westmoreland Davis","Business correspondence relating to debts, stocks, and provisions for their farm and including legal deeds for Somerset.","Includes letter from Lee Goss to Robinson Riley about the coffee industry in Venezuela (1896 April 1st); letter from Lee Goss requesting a man to run his farm business; letters from State Veterinarian J. G. Ferneyhough.","Includes receipt for stud services","Includes samples of checks written by Goss family","Charlotte Goss and Lee Goss account books and notebooks","Includes typed manuscript, \"Life of John Goss\". There is also genealogy of the Nalle family.","Photographs of Somerset home, Charlotte Goss, Rosa Goss Turner, Ebenezer Lee Goss, Ann Carter Nalle Goss, James Goss, J. Frank Lobingier, and Horace Stringfellow","Photographs of Somerset Farm and some family members","Photographs of Somerset home, Charlotte Goss, Rosa Goss Turner, Ebenezer Lee Goss, Ann Carter Nalle Goss, James Goss, J. Frank Lobingier, and Horace Stringfellow","Index rerum (1839) by the Reverend John Todd belonging to Ebenezer Goss, newspaper clippings, artwork, and programs including an invitation to President William McKinley's inaugural ball (1897)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":74,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:23:49.024Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_815"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Old Dominion University","value":"Old Dominion University","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Old+Dominion+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":20},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","value":"Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Anna+Maria+Hickman+Otis+Mead+Chalmers+family+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Armstead L. Robinson papers","value":"Armstead L. Robinson papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Armstead+L.+Robinson+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bennett Taylor papers--addition","value":"Bennett Taylor papers--addition","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Bennett+Taylor+papers--addition\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Charles E. Hewins Papers","value":"Charles E. Hewins Papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Charles+E.+Hewins+Papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fernande Gontier papers","value":"Fernande Gontier papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Fernande+Gontier+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Francis H. Fife papers","value":"Francis H. Fife papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Francis+H.+Fife+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Garland family papers","value":"Garland family papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Garland+family+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Gay family papers","value":"Gay family papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Gay+family+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Washington Lewis papers","value":"George Washington Lewis papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=George+Washington+Lewis+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Goss family papers","value":"Goss family papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Goss+family+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Grover family papers","value":"Grover family papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Grover+family+papers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1713","value":"1713","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1713\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1714","value":"1714","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1714\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1715","value":"1715","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1715\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1716","value":"1716","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1716\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1717","value":"1717","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1717\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1718","value":"1718","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1718\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1719","value":"1719","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1719\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1720","value":"1720","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1720\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1721","value":"1721","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1721\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1722","value":"1722","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1722\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1723","value":"1723","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1723\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015","value":"Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Fife%2C+Francis+H.%2C+1920-2015\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Gontier, Fernande","value":"Gontier, Fernande","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Gontier%2C+Fernande\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)","value":"Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Hewins%2C+Charles+E.+%281841-1927%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879","value":"Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Lewis%2C+George+Washington%2C+1804-1879\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996","value":"Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Maclean%2C+Fitzroy%2C+1911-1996\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","value":"Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Robinson%2C+Armstead+L.%2C+1947-1995\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Spencer, Warren","value":"Spencer, Warren","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Spencer%2C+Warren\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Aaron Quinby","value":"Aaron Quinby","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Aaron+Quinby"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","value":"Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","hits":20},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Albert+and+Shirley+Small+Special+Collections+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Beauvoir, Simone de, 1908-1986","value":"Beauvoir, Simone de, 1908-1986","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Beauvoir%2C+Simone+de%2C+1908-1986"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cabet, Étienne, 1788-1856","value":"Cabet, Étienne, 1788-1856","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Cabet%2C+%C3%89tienne%2C+1788-1856"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Colette, 1873-1954","value":"Colette, 1873-1954","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Colette%2C+1873-1954"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Elizabeth Upshur Teackle","value":"Elizabeth Upshur Teackle","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Elizabeth+Upshur+Teackle"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Evans Family","value":"Evans Family","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Evans+Family"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015","value":"Fife, Francis H., 1920-2015","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Fife%2C+Francis+H.%2C+1920-2015"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Gontier, Fernande","value":"Gontier, Fernande","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Gontier%2C+Fernande"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Henry Clay","value":"Henry Clay","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Henry+Clay"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)","value":"Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Hewins%2C+Charles+E.+%281841-1927%29"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Enslavers","value":"Enslavers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Enslavers"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Lewis family","value":"Lewis family","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Lewis+family"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Slave trade-United States-History","value":"Slave trade-United States-History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Slave+trade-United+States-History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","value":"United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--++History++--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","value":"United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+History+--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865+--+African+Americans"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence","value":"United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Correspondence","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+History+--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865+--+Correspondence"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","value":"United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+History+--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865+--+Personal+narratives"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States -- History -- War of 1812","value":"United States -- History -- War of 1812","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+History+--+War+of+1812"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","value":"United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+History+Revolution%2C+1775-1783+Personal+narratives"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","value":"United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States--History--Civil+War%2C+1861-1865"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands","value":"United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States.+Bureau+of+Refugees%2C+Freedmen%2C+and+Abandoned+Lands"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","value":"African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+History+--+1863-1877\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans -- Study and teaching","value":"African Americans -- Study and teaching","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Study+and+teaching\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Audiocassettes.","value":"Audiocassettes.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Audiocassettes.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","value":"Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Battle+of%2C+Galveston%2C+Tex.%2C+1863\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Black-and-white photographs","value":"Black-and-white photographs","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Black-and-white+photographs\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Business records","value":"Business records","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Business+records\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","value":"Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Civic+leaders--Virginia--Hampton\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Enslaved laborers","value":"Enslaved laborers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Enslaved+laborers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","value":"Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Hampton+Roads+%28Va.+%3A+Region%29--History%2C+Military\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Ledgers (account books)","value":"Ledgers (account books)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Ledgers+%28account+books%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Legal correspondence","value":"Legal correspondence","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Legal+correspondence\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Box","value":"Box","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Box"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":22},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"File","value":"File","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Item","value":"Item","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Series","value":"Series","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access","attributes":{"label":"Access","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Online access","value":"online","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=keyword"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=name"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=place"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=subject"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=title"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=container"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=identifier"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=date_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=date_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=letters+%28correspondence%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1879\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=title_sort+desc"}}]}