{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=health+resorts\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1857","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=health+resorts\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1857\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":1,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1914","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate, 1850/1882","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1914#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a copper plate engraved with a scene from Rockbridge Alum Springs. The resort name is diplayed in script at the top of the plate. It shows the main pavilion of the Alum Spring resort, built to supply spring water and various visitors to the springs, including horse-drawn carriages, ladies with parasols, and men loading crates of \"Alum water\" onto wagons.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1914#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1914","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1914","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1914","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1914","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1914.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241296","title_filing_ssi":"Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate","title_ssm":["Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate"],"title_tesim":["Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate"],"unitdate_ssm":["undated, c. mid-late 19th Century"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["undated, c. mid-late 19th Century"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1882"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate, 1850/1882"],"text":["Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate, 1850/1882","MSS.16961","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1914","health resorts","Engraving (printing process)","Good.","This collection has been miminally processed and is open for research.","Development of what would become the Rockbridge Alum Springs resort began in 1790 when Alexander Campbell and John Dunlap purchased a 2,000-acre tract, including the mineral springs. Around 1820 Dunlap opened informal accommodations for visitors seeking the water's reputed medicinal benefits, and in 1834 a small resort hotel followed. Before 1850 the Campbell family constructed a three-story brick Central Hotel. In 1852 the property passed to John W. Frazier for $150,000, who immediately launched an ambitious building campaign that more than doubled existing accommodations. The rebuilt resort opened June 1, 1853, and under William Frazier's management became one of Virginia's most fashionable destinations, ranking second only to White Sulphur Springs in popularity and capable of accommodating 600 to 800 guests by 1859. The surviving buildings reflect Frazier's eclecticism, drawing on Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, and vernacular traditions. Beyond resort operations, William Frazier actively marketed the springs through bottled water sales and printed promotional literature.","The Civil War ended the resort's antebellum prosperity when the complex was converted to a Confederate hospital. Competition from the adjacent Jordan Alum Springs, which opened a four-story Grand Hotel in 1873, further weakened its position. The two properties merged under new ownership in 1880, a railroad spur from Goshen was constructed to bring guests directly to the hotel, and further renovations were undertaken, but the resort never regained its antebellum standing. The main hotel closed in 1903, and the property finally succumbed during the Great Depression, selling in 1941 for $7,000. In 1942 Harold Bailey, a naval architect and ornithologist, purchased the property and undertook significant restoration, though he demolished the original Central Hotel to build a museum for his ornithological collection on its site. Following the deaths of Mr. and Mrs. Bailey the property passed to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University before entering private ownership.","The district was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register on April 21, 1987, and on the National Register of Historic Places on January 19, 1989.","References","\"Rockbridge Alum Springs Historic District.\" Virginia Department of Historic Resources, DHR file no. 081-0086. https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/081-0086/. Accessed May 6, 2026.","Virginia Division of Historic Landmarks Staff. \"National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Rockbridge Alum Springs Historic District.\" Richmond: Virginia Division of Historic Landmarks, 1987. On file, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Richmond, VA. Listed January 19, 1989, NRHP reference no. 88003204.","Prints made from this plate can be found in Rockbridge Alum Springs, Rockbridge County, Virginia, Announcement for 1891, Call Number RA807 .V7 R56 1891 and  Rockbridge Alum Springs, Rockbridge County, Virginia, Announcement for 1892, Call Number RA807 .V7 R56  1892, in Special Collections print holdings.","This collection contains a copper plate engraved with a scene from Rockbridge Alum Springs. The resort name is diplayed in script at the top of the plate. It shows the main pavilion of the Alum Spring resort, built to supply spring water and various visitors to the springs, including horse-drawn carriages, ladies with parasols, and men loading crates of \"Alum water\" onto wagons.","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.  NoC-US: No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Rockbridge County (Va.)","Jordan Rockbridge Alum Springs Co.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate, 1850/1882"],"collection_ssim":["Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate, 1850/1882"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16961","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1914"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16961","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1914"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Rockbridge County (Va.)","Jordan Rockbridge Alum Springs Co."],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Rockbridge County (Va.)","Jordan Rockbridge Alum Springs Co."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.  NoC-US: No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Christine Cameron by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 14 July 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["health resorts","Engraving (printing process)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["health resorts","Engraving (printing process)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"dimensions_tesim":["Plate size: 3.5 X 5.5 inches"],"genreform_ssim":["Engraving (printing process)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been miminally processed and is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection has been miminally processed and is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDevelopment of what would become the Rockbridge Alum Springs resort began in 1790 when Alexander Campbell and John Dunlap purchased a 2,000-acre tract, including the mineral springs. Around 1820 Dunlap opened informal accommodations for visitors seeking the water's reputed medicinal benefits, and in 1834 a small resort hotel followed. Before 1850 the Campbell family constructed a three-story brick Central Hotel. In 1852 the property passed to John W. Frazier for $150,000, who immediately launched an ambitious building campaign that more than doubled existing accommodations. The rebuilt resort opened June 1, 1853, and under William Frazier's management became one of Virginia's most fashionable destinations, ranking second only to White Sulphur Springs in popularity and capable of accommodating 600 to 800 guests by 1859. The surviving buildings reflect Frazier's eclecticism, drawing on Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, and vernacular traditions. Beyond resort operations, William Frazier actively marketed the springs through bottled water sales and printed promotional literature. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civil War ended the resort's antebellum prosperity when the complex was converted to a Confederate hospital. Competition from the adjacent Jordan Alum Springs, which opened a four-story Grand Hotel in 1873, further weakened its position. The two properties merged under new ownership in 1880, a railroad spur from Goshen was constructed to bring guests directly to the hotel, and further renovations were undertaken, but the resort never regained its antebellum standing. The main hotel closed in 1903, and the property finally succumbed during the Great Depression, selling in 1941 for $7,000. In 1942 Harold Bailey, a naval architect and ornithologist, purchased the property and undertook significant restoration, though he demolished the original Central Hotel to build a museum for his ornithological collection on its site. Following the deaths of Mr. and Mrs. Bailey the property passed to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University before entering private ownership. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe district was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register on April 21, 1987, and on the National Register of Historic Places on January 19, 1989. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferences \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Rockbridge Alum Springs Historic District.\" Virginia Department of Historic Resources, DHR file no. 081-0086. https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/081-0086/. Accessed May 6, 2026. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Division of Historic Landmarks Staff. \"National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Rockbridge Alum Springs Historic District.\" Richmond: Virginia Division of Historic Landmarks, 1987. On file, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Richmond, VA. Listed January 19, 1989, NRHP reference no. 88003204. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Development of what would become the Rockbridge Alum Springs resort began in 1790 when Alexander Campbell and John Dunlap purchased a 2,000-acre tract, including the mineral springs. Around 1820 Dunlap opened informal accommodations for visitors seeking the water's reputed medicinal benefits, and in 1834 a small resort hotel followed. Before 1850 the Campbell family constructed a three-story brick Central Hotel. In 1852 the property passed to John W. Frazier for $150,000, who immediately launched an ambitious building campaign that more than doubled existing accommodations. The rebuilt resort opened June 1, 1853, and under William Frazier's management became one of Virginia's most fashionable destinations, ranking second only to White Sulphur Springs in popularity and capable of accommodating 600 to 800 guests by 1859. The surviving buildings reflect Frazier's eclecticism, drawing on Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, and vernacular traditions. Beyond resort operations, William Frazier actively marketed the springs through bottled water sales and printed promotional literature.","The Civil War ended the resort's antebellum prosperity when the complex was converted to a Confederate hospital. Competition from the adjacent Jordan Alum Springs, which opened a four-story Grand Hotel in 1873, further weakened its position. The two properties merged under new ownership in 1880, a railroad spur from Goshen was constructed to bring guests directly to the hotel, and further renovations were undertaken, but the resort never regained its antebellum standing. The main hotel closed in 1903, and the property finally succumbed during the Great Depression, selling in 1941 for $7,000. In 1942 Harold Bailey, a naval architect and ornithologist, purchased the property and undertook significant restoration, though he demolished the original Central Hotel to build a museum for his ornithological collection on its site. Following the deaths of Mr. and Mrs. Bailey the property passed to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University before entering private ownership.","The district was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register on April 21, 1987, and on the National Register of Historic Places on January 19, 1989.","References","\"Rockbridge Alum Springs Historic District.\" Virginia Department of Historic Resources, DHR file no. 081-0086. https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/081-0086/. Accessed May 6, 2026.","Virginia Division of Historic Landmarks Staff. \"National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Rockbridge Alum Springs Historic District.\" Richmond: Virginia Division of Historic Landmarks, 1987. On file, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Richmond, VA. Listed January 19, 1989, NRHP reference no. 88003204."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16961, Alum Springs, Rockbridge, Virginia copper printing plate, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16961, Alum Springs, Rockbridge, Virginia copper printing plate, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrints made from this plate can be found in Rockbridge Alum Springs, Rockbridge County, Virginia, Announcement for 1891, Call Number RA807 .V7 R56 1891 and  Rockbridge Alum Springs, Rockbridge County, Virginia, Announcement for 1892, Call Number RA807 .V7 R56  1892, in Special Collections print holdings.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Prints made from this plate can be found in Rockbridge Alum Springs, Rockbridge County, Virginia, Announcement for 1891, Call Number RA807 .V7 R56 1891 and  Rockbridge Alum Springs, Rockbridge County, Virginia, Announcement for 1892, Call Number RA807 .V7 R56  1892, in Special Collections print holdings."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a copper plate engraved with a scene from Rockbridge Alum Springs. The resort name is diplayed in script at the top of the plate. It shows the main pavilion of the Alum Spring resort, built to supply spring water and various visitors to the springs, including horse-drawn carriages, ladies with parasols, and men loading crates of \"Alum water\" onto wagons.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a copper plate engraved with a scene from Rockbridge Alum Springs. The resort name is diplayed in script at the top of the plate. It shows the main pavilion of the Alum Spring resort, built to supply spring water and various visitors to the springs, including horse-drawn carriages, ladies with parasols, and men loading crates of \"Alum water\" onto wagons."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.  NoC-US: No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.  NoC-US: No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Rockbridge County (Va.)","Jordan Rockbridge Alum Springs Co."],"names_coll_ssim":["Rockbridge County (Va.)","Jordan Rockbridge Alum Springs Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Rockbridge County (Va.)","Jordan Rockbridge Alum Springs Co."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1914","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1914","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1914","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1914","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1914.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241296","title_filing_ssi":"Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate","title_ssm":["Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate"],"title_tesim":["Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate"],"unitdate_ssm":["undated, c. mid-late 19th Century"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["undated, c. mid-late 19th Century"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1882"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate, 1850/1882"],"text":["Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate, 1850/1882","MSS.16961","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1914","health resorts","Engraving (printing process)","Good.","This collection has been miminally processed and is open for research.","Development of what would become the Rockbridge Alum Springs resort began in 1790 when Alexander Campbell and John Dunlap purchased a 2,000-acre tract, including the mineral springs. Around 1820 Dunlap opened informal accommodations for visitors seeking the water's reputed medicinal benefits, and in 1834 a small resort hotel followed. Before 1850 the Campbell family constructed a three-story brick Central Hotel. In 1852 the property passed to John W. Frazier for $150,000, who immediately launched an ambitious building campaign that more than doubled existing accommodations. The rebuilt resort opened June 1, 1853, and under William Frazier's management became one of Virginia's most fashionable destinations, ranking second only to White Sulphur Springs in popularity and capable of accommodating 600 to 800 guests by 1859. The surviving buildings reflect Frazier's eclecticism, drawing on Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, and vernacular traditions. Beyond resort operations, William Frazier actively marketed the springs through bottled water sales and printed promotional literature.","The Civil War ended the resort's antebellum prosperity when the complex was converted to a Confederate hospital. Competition from the adjacent Jordan Alum Springs, which opened a four-story Grand Hotel in 1873, further weakened its position. The two properties merged under new ownership in 1880, a railroad spur from Goshen was constructed to bring guests directly to the hotel, and further renovations were undertaken, but the resort never regained its antebellum standing. The main hotel closed in 1903, and the property finally succumbed during the Great Depression, selling in 1941 for $7,000. In 1942 Harold Bailey, a naval architect and ornithologist, purchased the property and undertook significant restoration, though he demolished the original Central Hotel to build a museum for his ornithological collection on its site. Following the deaths of Mr. and Mrs. Bailey the property passed to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University before entering private ownership.","The district was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register on April 21, 1987, and on the National Register of Historic Places on January 19, 1989.","References","\"Rockbridge Alum Springs Historic District.\" Virginia Department of Historic Resources, DHR file no. 081-0086. https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/081-0086/. Accessed May 6, 2026.","Virginia Division of Historic Landmarks Staff. \"National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Rockbridge Alum Springs Historic District.\" Richmond: Virginia Division of Historic Landmarks, 1987. On file, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Richmond, VA. Listed January 19, 1989, NRHP reference no. 88003204.","Prints made from this plate can be found in Rockbridge Alum Springs, Rockbridge County, Virginia, Announcement for 1891, Call Number RA807 .V7 R56 1891 and  Rockbridge Alum Springs, Rockbridge County, Virginia, Announcement for 1892, Call Number RA807 .V7 R56  1892, in Special Collections print holdings.","This collection contains a copper plate engraved with a scene from Rockbridge Alum Springs. The resort name is diplayed in script at the top of the plate. It shows the main pavilion of the Alum Spring resort, built to supply spring water and various visitors to the springs, including horse-drawn carriages, ladies with parasols, and men loading crates of \"Alum water\" onto wagons.","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.  NoC-US: No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Rockbridge County (Va.)","Jordan Rockbridge Alum Springs Co.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate, 1850/1882"],"collection_ssim":["Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate, 1850/1882"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16961","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1914"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16961","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1914"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Rockbridge County (Va.)","Jordan Rockbridge Alum Springs Co."],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Rockbridge County (Va.)","Jordan Rockbridge Alum Springs Co."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.  NoC-US: No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Christine Cameron by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 14 July 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["health resorts","Engraving (printing process)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["health resorts","Engraving (printing process)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"dimensions_tesim":["Plate size: 3.5 X 5.5 inches"],"genreform_ssim":["Engraving (printing process)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been miminally processed and is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection has been miminally processed and is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDevelopment of what would become the Rockbridge Alum Springs resort began in 1790 when Alexander Campbell and John Dunlap purchased a 2,000-acre tract, including the mineral springs. Around 1820 Dunlap opened informal accommodations for visitors seeking the water's reputed medicinal benefits, and in 1834 a small resort hotel followed. Before 1850 the Campbell family constructed a three-story brick Central Hotel. In 1852 the property passed to John W. Frazier for $150,000, who immediately launched an ambitious building campaign that more than doubled existing accommodations. The rebuilt resort opened June 1, 1853, and under William Frazier's management became one of Virginia's most fashionable destinations, ranking second only to White Sulphur Springs in popularity and capable of accommodating 600 to 800 guests by 1859. The surviving buildings reflect Frazier's eclecticism, drawing on Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, and vernacular traditions. 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Following the deaths of Mr. and Mrs. Bailey the property passed to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University before entering private ownership. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe district was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register on April 21, 1987, and on the National Register of Historic Places on January 19, 1989. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferences \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Rockbridge Alum Springs Historic District.\" Virginia Department of Historic Resources, DHR file no. 081-0086. https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/081-0086/. Accessed May 6, 2026. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Division of Historic Landmarks Staff. \"National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Rockbridge Alum Springs Historic District.\" Richmond: Virginia Division of Historic Landmarks, 1987. On file, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Richmond, VA. Listed January 19, 1989, NRHP reference no. 88003204. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Development of what would become the Rockbridge Alum Springs resort began in 1790 when Alexander Campbell and John Dunlap purchased a 2,000-acre tract, including the mineral springs. Around 1820 Dunlap opened informal accommodations for visitors seeking the water's reputed medicinal benefits, and in 1834 a small resort hotel followed. Before 1850 the Campbell family constructed a three-story brick Central Hotel. In 1852 the property passed to John W. Frazier for $150,000, who immediately launched an ambitious building campaign that more than doubled existing accommodations. The rebuilt resort opened June 1, 1853, and under William Frazier's management became one of Virginia's most fashionable destinations, ranking second only to White Sulphur Springs in popularity and capable of accommodating 600 to 800 guests by 1859. The surviving buildings reflect Frazier's eclecticism, drawing on Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, and vernacular traditions. Beyond resort operations, William Frazier actively marketed the springs through bottled water sales and printed promotional literature.","The Civil War ended the resort's antebellum prosperity when the complex was converted to a Confederate hospital. Competition from the adjacent Jordan Alum Springs, which opened a four-story Grand Hotel in 1873, further weakened its position. The two properties merged under new ownership in 1880, a railroad spur from Goshen was constructed to bring guests directly to the hotel, and further renovations were undertaken, but the resort never regained its antebellum standing. The main hotel closed in 1903, and the property finally succumbed during the Great Depression, selling in 1941 for $7,000. In 1942 Harold Bailey, a naval architect and ornithologist, purchased the property and undertook significant restoration, though he demolished the original Central Hotel to build a museum for his ornithological collection on its site. Following the deaths of Mr. and Mrs. Bailey the property passed to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University before entering private ownership.","The district was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register on April 21, 1987, and on the National Register of Historic Places on January 19, 1989.","References","\"Rockbridge Alum Springs Historic District.\" Virginia Department of Historic Resources, DHR file no. 081-0086. https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/081-0086/. Accessed May 6, 2026.","Virginia Division of Historic Landmarks Staff. \"National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Rockbridge Alum Springs Historic District.\" Richmond: Virginia Division of Historic Landmarks, 1987. On file, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Richmond, VA. Listed January 19, 1989, NRHP reference no. 88003204."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16961, Alum Springs, Rockbridge, Virginia copper printing plate, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16961, Alum Springs, Rockbridge, Virginia copper printing plate, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrints made from this plate can be found in Rockbridge Alum Springs, Rockbridge County, Virginia, Announcement for 1891, Call Number RA807 .V7 R56 1891 and  Rockbridge Alum Springs, Rockbridge County, Virginia, Announcement for 1892, Call Number RA807 .V7 R56  1892, in Special Collections print holdings.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Prints made from this plate can be found in Rockbridge Alum Springs, Rockbridge County, Virginia, Announcement for 1891, Call Number RA807 .V7 R56 1891 and  Rockbridge Alum Springs, Rockbridge County, Virginia, Announcement for 1892, Call Number RA807 .V7 R56  1892, in Special Collections print holdings."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a copper plate engraved with a scene from Rockbridge Alum Springs. 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