{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=diaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=diaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":5,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_488","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Collection of W. W. Yen materials, 1899/1974","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_488#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Yen, Hui-chʻing, 1877-1950","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_488#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of three published books and one notebook. 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Yen materials, 1899/1974","MSS 16323","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/488","Notebooks","diaries","Autobiography (genre)","This collection is open for research use.","Yen Hui-Ch'ing, (Name in English: Yen, Wei Ching Williams or W.W. Yen) was born on 2 April 1877 and passed away on 24 May 1950. He was a Chinese writer, politician, and diplomat from Shanghai.","A graduate of the University of Virginia, he taught the English language at St. John's University, Shanghai in a short time after coming back from the United States and then went to Beijing to start his political career. It was in the US he became a Freemason.","He served as premier five times and simultaneously as acting president on his last premiership in 1926. Wu Peifu handpicked him for the acting presidency to pave the way for Cao Kun's restoration but he was unable to take office due to Zhang Zuolin's objection. When Yan finally took his post, he immediately resigned and appointed navy minister Du Xigui as his successor.","He was also China's first ambassador to the Soviet Union and he was a delegate in the League of Nations. During World War II, he translated and compiled Stories of Old China in Hong Kong while under Japanese house-arrest in 1942. He took his first plane trip in 1949 to Moscow in hopes of resolving the Chinese Civil War.","Source:\n\"Yan Huiqing.\" Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_Huiqing.  Accessed 12 July 2017.","This collection consists of three published books and one notebook.  The Moral philosophy notebook and Standard Masonic Monitor have been digitized by the library.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia--Students--Social life and customs.","Yen, Hui-chʻing, 1877-1950","Three  items are in English, one item is in Chinese."],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of W. W. 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During World War II, he translated and compiled Stories of Old China in Hong Kong while under Japanese house-arrest in 1942. He took his first plane trip in 1949 to Moscow in hopes of resolving the Chinese Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource:\n\"Yan Huiqing.\" Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_Huiqing.  Accessed 12 July 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Yen Hui-Ch'ing, (Name in English: Yen, Wei Ching Williams or W.W. Yen) was born on 2 April 1877 and passed away on 24 May 1950. He was a Chinese writer, politician, and diplomat from Shanghai.","A graduate of the University of Virginia, he taught the English language at St. John's University, Shanghai in a short time after coming back from the United States and then went to Beijing to start his political career. It was in the US he became a Freemason.","He served as premier five times and simultaneously as acting president on his last premiership in 1926. Wu Peifu handpicked him for the acting presidency to pave the way for Cao Kun's restoration but he was unable to take office due to Zhang Zuolin's objection. When Yan finally took his post, he immediately resigned and appointed navy minister Du Xigui as his successor.","He was also China's first ambassador to the Soviet Union and he was a delegate in the League of Nations. During World War II, he translated and compiled Stories of Old China in Hong Kong while under Japanese house-arrest in 1942. He took his first plane trip in 1949 to Moscow in hopes of resolving the Chinese Civil War.","Source:\n\"Yan Huiqing.\" Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_Huiqing.  Accessed 12 July 2017."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16323, Collection of W. W. Yen materials, Albert \u0026amp; Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16323, Collection of W. W. Yen materials, Albert \u0026 Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of three published books and one notebook.  The Moral philosophy notebook and Standard Masonic Monitor have been digitized by the library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Note:"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of three published books and one notebook.  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It was in the US he became a Freemason.","He served as premier five times and simultaneously as acting president on his last premiership in 1926. Wu Peifu handpicked him for the acting presidency to pave the way for Cao Kun's restoration but he was unable to take office due to Zhang Zuolin's objection. When Yan finally took his post, he immediately resigned and appointed navy minister Du Xigui as his successor.","He was also China's first ambassador to the Soviet Union and he was a delegate in the League of Nations. During World War II, he translated and compiled Stories of Old China in Hong Kong while under Japanese house-arrest in 1942. He took his first plane trip in 1949 to Moscow in hopes of resolving the Chinese Civil War.","Source:\n\"Yan Huiqing.\" Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_Huiqing.  Accessed 12 July 2017.","This collection consists of three published books and one notebook.  The Moral philosophy notebook and Standard Masonic Monitor have been digitized by the library.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia--Students--Social life and customs.","Yen, Hui-chʻing, 1877-1950","Three  items are in English, one item is in Chinese."],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of W. W. Yen materials, 1899/1974"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of W. W. 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During World War II, he translated and compiled Stories of Old China in Hong Kong while under Japanese house-arrest in 1942. He took his first plane trip in 1949 to Moscow in hopes of resolving the Chinese Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource:\n\"Yan Huiqing.\" Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_Huiqing.  Accessed 12 July 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Yen Hui-Ch'ing, (Name in English: Yen, Wei Ching Williams or W.W. Yen) was born on 2 April 1877 and passed away on 24 May 1950. He was a Chinese writer, politician, and diplomat from Shanghai.","A graduate of the University of Virginia, he taught the English language at St. John's University, Shanghai in a short time after coming back from the United States and then went to Beijing to start his political career. It was in the US he became a Freemason.","He served as premier five times and simultaneously as acting president on his last premiership in 1926. Wu Peifu handpicked him for the acting presidency to pave the way for Cao Kun's restoration but he was unable to take office due to Zhang Zuolin's objection. When Yan finally took his post, he immediately resigned and appointed navy minister Du Xigui as his successor.","He was also China's first ambassador to the Soviet Union and he was a delegate in the League of Nations. During World War II, he translated and compiled Stories of Old China in Hong Kong while under Japanese house-arrest in 1942. He took his first plane trip in 1949 to Moscow in hopes of resolving the Chinese Civil War.","Source:\n\"Yan Huiqing.\" Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_Huiqing.  Accessed 12 July 2017."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16323, Collection of W. W. Yen materials, Albert \u0026amp; Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16323, Collection of W. W. Yen materials, Albert \u0026 Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of three published books and one notebook.  The Moral philosophy notebook and Standard Masonic Monitor have been digitized by the library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Note:"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of three published books and one notebook.  The Moral philosophy notebook and Standard Masonic Monitor have been digitized by the library."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia--Students--Social life and customs."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Virginia--Students--Social life and customs."],"persname_ssim":["Yen, Hui-chʻing, 1877-1950"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia--Students--Social life and customs.","Yen, Hui-chʻing, 1877-1950"],"language_ssim":["Three  items are in English, one item is in Chinese."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:12.250Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_488"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_996","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Petra Vogt papers, 1966/1978","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_996#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Vogt, Petra","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_996#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains journals, artworks, correspondence, and photographs that illuminate the life and work of Petra Vogt, a poet, actress, artist, and model, known for her involvement with the Living Theatre, Ira Cohen, and the Bardo Matrix Press during the 1960s and 1970s. Of particular interest are thirty-four journals, chiefly by Petra Vogt, with poetry, prose works, diary entries, and intricate rapidograph drawings along with collage, paintings, and other artworks within; about 150 artworks by Vogt, as well as handmade books of Ira Cohen's photographs and collage, 850 photographs by Ira Cohen, including those from his Mylar photography series and 60 pieces of correspondence and post cards addressed to Vogt and Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_996#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_996","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_996","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_996","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_996","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_996.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120842","title_filing_ssi":"Vogt, Petra, papers","title_ssm":["Petra Vogt papers"],"title_tesim":["Petra Vogt papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1966-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1966/1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Petra Vogt papers, 1966/1978"],"text":["Petra Vogt papers, 1966/1978","MSS .16480","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/996","Living Theatre (New York, N.Y.)","Kathmandu (Nepal)","Spirituality--Hinduism","Spirituality--Buddhism","Bardo Matrix (Firm)","Counterculture","Photographers","collage","small presses","hippies","prints","poetry","Black-and-white photographs","drawings (visual works)","diaries","Good. Collection apparently stored in a basement but no active mold. Some oversize materials were folded but these have been put in oversize folders or boxes and a few had preservation attention. Mylar L-sleeves have been used to protect some fragile materials.","Most of the collection is open for research. The single exception is a bank book for an account owned by Petra Vogt.","The bank book belonging to Petra Vogt, 1977-1978, has been removed and restricted until her death. It has been placed in the control folder for this collection in a sealed envelope. The bank book is from the Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechsel-Bank (short form: Hypo-Bank).","Materials arrived organized by the dealer into the following four series and additional subseries: Series I. Correspondence; Series II. Petra Vogt files; Subseries II.1 Notebooks; Subseries II.2 Artworks and artist files; Subseries II.3 Collage files Series III. Ira Cohen and Bardo Matrix; Subseries III.1 Ira Cohen materials; Subseries III.2 Bardo Matrix publications; Subseries III.3 Flyers, ephemera, broadsides; Series IV Photographs.","This arrangement has been simplified into three series, 1) Volumes, Journals and Notebooks, chiefly by Petra Vogt; 2) Correspondence, Artwork and Topical Files; and 3) Photographs, chiefly by Ira Cohen. These series contain oversize materials that have been placed in more appropriate containers but are listed in the appropriate series.","Much of this biographical and historical information was taken from the dealer description of the collection.","Petra Vogt was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1943, during a particularly devastating year of World War Two airstrikes on the city. She took acting classes in Munich and then returned to Berlin, where she saw The Living Theatre for the first time and decided to join the group in 1962. She traveled and performed extensively with The Living Theatre, including in the performance, \"Paradise Now.\" She met Ira Cohen at its New Haven show (phone conversation between Ira Cohen and Carey Loren, which was transcribed on \"Blastitude, Eternity Blast Special,\" no. 13. August 2002).","In 1971, Vogt and Cohen finally landed in Kathmandu, after extensive traveling through Morocco, Tunisia, Afghanistan, and India. Living in Kathmandu from around 1972 to 1978, Vogt was an artistic, photographic, and social muse to partner Cohen, as well as Nepali hippies including Jimmy Thapa and Trilochan Shrestha.  While in Nepal, she produced numerous notebooks of poetry, diaries, and artworks, while illustrating Bardo Matrix Starstreams publications, as well as Cohen's work, including \"Poems from the Cosmic Crypt.\"","While Vogt is peripherally featured in the archives of Ira Cohen, Angus MacLise, Dana Young, and other Bardo Matrix collaborators, her own contributions to this important facet of the countercultural poetics scene are significantly understudied. While Mark Liechty's \"Far Out: Countercultural Seekers and the Tourist Encounter in Nepal\" (University of Chicago Press, 2017), acknowledges her centrality to the scene and describes her role in organizing events, performances, and generally contributing to the dramatically-dressed scene in Kathmandu, no further articles or monographs solidify the contributions of her writings, artworks, or aesthetic.","During the 1970s, Vogt was known for her foreboding dark outfits and makeup; her aesthetic marks her as an unheralded progenitor of goth style, which began to be codified in music scenes around the same time. Photographs of her from her time in Nepal in the 1970s were featured in a recent Photo Kathmandu festival in 2018. She continues to write and make art under a different name in Germany.","Ira Cohen (1935–2011) was a noted poet, publisher, filmmaker, and photographer, known especially for his Mylar photographs, which he created between 1968 and 1971 in New York City. These works were inspired by Jack Smith and Bill Devore's black light experimentation, and required subjects to enter his \"Mylar Chamber,\" a makeshift room comprised of the reflective film, which Cohen would then photograph to produce distorted and psychedelic images of his subjects.","This produced iconic images that Life magazine in 1969 said captured the \"euphoric distortions of hallucinogenics\" during the countercultural era, with participants such as Jimi Hendrix, William Burroughs, Jack Smith, Brion Gysin, Angus MacLise, Paul Bowles, and Petra Vogt, among many others. These photographs have been exhibited in the 2006 \"Summer of Love\" exhibition organized by the Tate Liverpool and featured at the Whitney Museum, and are the subject of a new book, \"Ira Cohen: Into the Mylar Chamber\" which was published by Fulgar Press in 2019 with text by Ira Cohen, Timothy Baum, Ian MacFadyen, Alice Farley, Ira Landgarten, and Thurston Moore, and edited by Allan Graubard.","Kathmandu, Nepal, held a vibrant expatriate community of poets, musicians, artists, and spiritual seekers in the 1970s, in large part due to the Bardo Matrix collective — a group that began in Boulder, Colorado as The Experimental Cinema Group, and initially included Angus MacLise, John Chick, Dana Young, and Ira Cohen. Bardo Matrix Press, and especially the Starstreams Poetry Series, created collaborations with Beat and countercultural poets and local artisans to produce books informed by traditional Nepali and Tibetan traditions, sharing new poetic ideas.","Before 1971, when Ira Cohen and Petra Vogt arrived, a small group of expatriates had already become involved making woodblock prints to sell to tourists. Cohen recounts the presence of Ian Alsop, Francis Brooks, and Simon White, who \"were to play an important role in the development of small press publications by myself, my old friend and comrade, poet-calligrapher, Angus MacLise, and other poets who quickly formed a community in the Kathmandu Valley.\"","MacLise's work with Piero Heliczer on Dead Language Press, \"making unique books from tree bark or fashioning long horizontal handmade books after the Tibetan or Indian style,\" proved influential: it was Angus who, \"working with local craftsmen and woodblock artists, really began the great rice paper adventure.\" (Ira Cohen, \"The Great Rice Paper Adventure: Kathmandu, 1971–1977.\" New Observations no. 106, May/June 1995. Online at Big Bridge, no. 5.)","In Kathmandu, on so-called \"Freak Street\" or Jhocchen Tole, John Chick opened a bookshop named \"The Spirit Catcher.\" The shop was open around 1972–1979, and provided a weekly forum for poetry readings, music, and community. This shop cemented the centrality of the roles of Vogt, Cohen, Chick, and MacLise in the countercultural community abroad, and became both a tourist and local destination (Prawash Gautam, \"How a used bookstore in Kathmandu's Jhochhen captured the spirit of the hippie movement,\" \"The Kathmandu Post,\" December 18, 2018).","This collection contains journals, artworks, correspondence, and photographs that illuminate the life and work of Petra Vogt, a poet, actress, artist, and model, known for her involvement with the Living Theatre, Ira Cohen, and the Bardo Matrix Press during the 1960s and 1970s. Of particular interest are thirty-four journals, chiefly by Petra Vogt, with poetry, prose works, diary entries, and intricate rapidograph drawings along with collage, paintings, and other artworks within; about 150 artworks by Vogt, as well as handmade books of Ira Cohen's photographs and collage, 850 photographs by Ira Cohen, including those from his Mylar photography series and 60 pieces of correspondence and post cards addressed to Vogt and Cohen.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bardo Matrix (Firm)","Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira","English\n      Nepali\n      German"],"collection_title_tesim":["Petra Vogt papers, 1966/1978"],"collection_ssim":["Petra Vogt papers, 1966/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS .16480","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/996"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS .16480","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Living Theatre (New York, N.Y.)","Kathmandu (Nepal)","Spirituality--Hinduism","Spirituality--Buddhism","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"geogname_ssim":["Living Theatre (New York, N.Y.)","Kathmandu (Nepal)","Spirituality--Hinduism","Spirituality--Buddhism","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"places_ssim":["Living Theatre (New York, N.Y.)","Kathmandu (Nepal)","Spirituality--Hinduism","Spirituality--Buddhism","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"creator_ssm":["Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"creator_ssim":["Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"creators_ssim":["Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Petra Vogt papers were purchased by the University of Virginia Special Collections Library from Granary Books, Inc. on September 21, 2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Counterculture","Photographers","collage","small presses","hippies","prints","poetry","Black-and-white photographs","drawings (visual works)","diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Counterculture","Photographers","collage","small presses","hippies","prints","poetry","Black-and-white photographs","drawings (visual works)","diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good. Collection apparently stored in a basement but no active mold. Some oversize materials were folded but these have been put in oversize folders or boxes and a few had preservation attention. Mylar L-sleeves have been used to protect some fragile materials."],"extent_ssm":["4.09 Cubic Feet 5 legal document boxes, 2 letter document boxes, 2 oversize folders (2 x 3 feet and 14 x 18 inches), and 2 oversized boxes."],"extent_tesim":["4.09 Cubic Feet 5 legal document boxes, 2 letter document boxes, 2 oversize folders (2 x 3 feet and 14 x 18 inches), and 2 oversized boxes."],"genreform_ssim":["poetry","Black-and-white photographs","drawings (visual works)","diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMost of the collection is open for research. The single exception is a bank book for an account owned by Petra Vogt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bank book belonging to Petra Vogt, 1977-1978, has been removed and restricted until her death. It has been placed in the control folder for this collection in a sealed envelope. The bank book is from the Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechsel-Bank (short form: Hypo-Bank). \u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Most of the collection is open for research. The single exception is a bank book for an account owned by Petra Vogt.","The bank book belonging to Petra Vogt, 1977-1978, has been removed and restricted until her death. It has been placed in the control folder for this collection in a sealed envelope. The bank book is from the Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechsel-Bank (short form: Hypo-Bank)."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials arrived organized by the dealer into the following four series and additional subseries: Series I. Correspondence; Series II. Petra Vogt files; Subseries II.1 Notebooks; Subseries II.2 Artworks and artist files; Subseries II.3 Collage files Series III. Ira Cohen and Bardo Matrix; Subseries III.1 Ira Cohen materials; Subseries III.2 Bardo Matrix publications; Subseries III.3 Flyers, ephemera, broadsides; Series IV Photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis arrangement has been simplified into three series, 1) Volumes, Journals and Notebooks, chiefly by Petra Vogt; 2) Correspondence, Artwork and Topical Files; and 3) Photographs, chiefly by Ira Cohen. These series contain oversize materials that have been placed in more appropriate containers but are listed in the appropriate series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials arrived organized by the dealer into the following four series and additional subseries: Series I. Correspondence; Series II. Petra Vogt files; Subseries II.1 Notebooks; Subseries II.2 Artworks and artist files; Subseries II.3 Collage files Series III. Ira Cohen and Bardo Matrix; Subseries III.1 Ira Cohen materials; Subseries III.2 Bardo Matrix publications; Subseries III.3 Flyers, ephemera, broadsides; Series IV Photographs.","This arrangement has been simplified into three series, 1) Volumes, Journals and Notebooks, chiefly by Petra Vogt; 2) Correspondence, Artwork and Topical Files; and 3) Photographs, chiefly by Ira Cohen. These series contain oversize materials that have been placed in more appropriate containers but are listed in the appropriate series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMuch of this biographical and historical information was taken from the dealer description of the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePetra Vogt was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1943, during a particularly devastating year of World War Two airstrikes on the city. She took acting classes in Munich and then returned to Berlin, where she saw The Living Theatre for the first time and decided to join the group in 1962. She traveled and performed extensively with The Living Theatre, including in the performance, \"Paradise Now.\" She met Ira Cohen at its New Haven show (phone conversation between Ira Cohen and Carey Loren, which was transcribed on \"Blastitude, Eternity Blast Special,\" no. 13. August 2002). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1971, Vogt and Cohen finally landed in Kathmandu, after extensive traveling through Morocco, Tunisia, Afghanistan, and India. Living in Kathmandu from around 1972 to 1978, Vogt was an artistic, photographic, and social muse to partner Cohen, as well as Nepali hippies including Jimmy Thapa and Trilochan Shrestha.  While in Nepal, she produced numerous notebooks of poetry, diaries, and artworks, while illustrating Bardo Matrix Starstreams publications, as well as Cohen's work, including \"Poems from the Cosmic Crypt.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile Vogt is peripherally featured in the archives of Ira Cohen, Angus MacLise, Dana Young, and other Bardo Matrix collaborators, her own contributions to this important facet of the countercultural poetics scene are significantly understudied. While Mark Liechty's \"Far Out: Countercultural Seekers and the Tourist Encounter in Nepal\" (University of Chicago Press, 2017), acknowledges her centrality to the scene and describes her role in organizing events, performances, and generally contributing to the dramatically-dressed scene in Kathmandu, no further articles or monographs solidify the contributions of her writings, artworks, or aesthetic. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1970s, Vogt was known for her foreboding dark outfits and makeup; her aesthetic marks her as an unheralded progenitor of goth style, which began to be codified in music scenes around the same time. Photographs of her from her time in Nepal in the 1970s were featured in a recent Photo Kathmandu festival in 2018. She continues to write and make art under a different name in Germany.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIra Cohen (1935–2011) was a noted poet, publisher, filmmaker, and photographer, known especially for his Mylar photographs, which he created between 1968 and 1971 in New York City. These works were inspired by Jack Smith and Bill Devore's black light experimentation, and required subjects to enter his \"Mylar Chamber,\" a makeshift room comprised of the reflective film, which Cohen would then photograph to produce distorted and psychedelic images of his subjects. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis produced iconic images that Life magazine in 1969 said captured the \"euphoric distortions of hallucinogenics\" during the countercultural era, with participants such as Jimi Hendrix, William Burroughs, Jack Smith, Brion Gysin, Angus MacLise, Paul Bowles, and Petra Vogt, among many others. These photographs have been exhibited in the 2006 \"Summer of Love\" exhibition organized by the Tate Liverpool and featured at the Whitney Museum, and are the subject of a new book, \"Ira Cohen: Into the Mylar Chamber\" which was published by Fulgar Press in 2019 with text by Ira Cohen, Timothy Baum, Ian MacFadyen, Alice Farley, Ira Landgarten, and Thurston Moore, and edited by Allan Graubard. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKathmandu, Nepal, held a vibrant expatriate community of poets, musicians, artists, and spiritual seekers in the 1970s, in large part due to the Bardo Matrix collective — a group that began in Boulder, Colorado as The Experimental Cinema Group, and initially included Angus MacLise, John Chick, Dana Young, and Ira Cohen. Bardo Matrix Press, and especially the Starstreams Poetry Series, created collaborations with Beat and countercultural poets and local artisans to produce books informed by traditional Nepali and Tibetan traditions, sharing new poetic ideas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBefore 1971, when Ira Cohen and Petra Vogt arrived, a small group of expatriates had already become involved making woodblock prints to sell to tourists. Cohen recounts the presence of Ian Alsop, Francis Brooks, and Simon White, who \"were to play an important role in the development of small press publications by myself, my old friend and comrade, poet-calligrapher, Angus MacLise, and other poets who quickly formed a community in the Kathmandu Valley.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMacLise's work with Piero Heliczer on Dead Language Press, \"making unique books from tree bark or fashioning long horizontal handmade books after the Tibetan or Indian style,\" proved influential: it was Angus who, \"working with local craftsmen and woodblock artists, really began the great rice paper adventure.\" (Ira Cohen, \"The Great Rice Paper Adventure: Kathmandu, 1971–1977.\" New Observations no. 106, May/June 1995. Online at Big Bridge, no. 5.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Kathmandu, on so-called \"Freak Street\" or Jhocchen Tole, John Chick opened a bookshop named \"The Spirit Catcher.\" The shop was open around 1972–1979, and provided a weekly forum for poetry readings, music, and community. This shop cemented the centrality of the roles of Vogt, Cohen, Chick, and MacLise in the countercultural community abroad, and became both a tourist and local destination (Prawash Gautam, \"How a used bookstore in Kathmandu's Jhochhen captured the spirit of the hippie movement,\" \"The Kathmandu Post,\" December 18, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Much of this biographical and historical information was taken from the dealer description of the collection.","Petra Vogt was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1943, during a particularly devastating year of World War Two airstrikes on the city. She took acting classes in Munich and then returned to Berlin, where she saw The Living Theatre for the first time and decided to join the group in 1962. She traveled and performed extensively with The Living Theatre, including in the performance, \"Paradise Now.\" She met Ira Cohen at its New Haven show (phone conversation between Ira Cohen and Carey Loren, which was transcribed on \"Blastitude, Eternity Blast Special,\" no. 13. August 2002).","In 1971, Vogt and Cohen finally landed in Kathmandu, after extensive traveling through Morocco, Tunisia, Afghanistan, and India. Living in Kathmandu from around 1972 to 1978, Vogt was an artistic, photographic, and social muse to partner Cohen, as well as Nepali hippies including Jimmy Thapa and Trilochan Shrestha.  While in Nepal, she produced numerous notebooks of poetry, diaries, and artworks, while illustrating Bardo Matrix Starstreams publications, as well as Cohen's work, including \"Poems from the Cosmic Crypt.\"","While Vogt is peripherally featured in the archives of Ira Cohen, Angus MacLise, Dana Young, and other Bardo Matrix collaborators, her own contributions to this important facet of the countercultural poetics scene are significantly understudied. While Mark Liechty's \"Far Out: Countercultural Seekers and the Tourist Encounter in Nepal\" (University of Chicago Press, 2017), acknowledges her centrality to the scene and describes her role in organizing events, performances, and generally contributing to the dramatically-dressed scene in Kathmandu, no further articles or monographs solidify the contributions of her writings, artworks, or aesthetic.","During the 1970s, Vogt was known for her foreboding dark outfits and makeup; her aesthetic marks her as an unheralded progenitor of goth style, which began to be codified in music scenes around the same time. Photographs of her from her time in Nepal in the 1970s were featured in a recent Photo Kathmandu festival in 2018. She continues to write and make art under a different name in Germany.","Ira Cohen (1935–2011) was a noted poet, publisher, filmmaker, and photographer, known especially for his Mylar photographs, which he created between 1968 and 1971 in New York City. These works were inspired by Jack Smith and Bill Devore's black light experimentation, and required subjects to enter his \"Mylar Chamber,\" a makeshift room comprised of the reflective film, which Cohen would then photograph to produce distorted and psychedelic images of his subjects.","This produced iconic images that Life magazine in 1969 said captured the \"euphoric distortions of hallucinogenics\" during the countercultural era, with participants such as Jimi Hendrix, William Burroughs, Jack Smith, Brion Gysin, Angus MacLise, Paul Bowles, and Petra Vogt, among many others. These photographs have been exhibited in the 2006 \"Summer of Love\" exhibition organized by the Tate Liverpool and featured at the Whitney Museum, and are the subject of a new book, \"Ira Cohen: Into the Mylar Chamber\" which was published by Fulgar Press in 2019 with text by Ira Cohen, Timothy Baum, Ian MacFadyen, Alice Farley, Ira Landgarten, and Thurston Moore, and edited by Allan Graubard.","Kathmandu, Nepal, held a vibrant expatriate community of poets, musicians, artists, and spiritual seekers in the 1970s, in large part due to the Bardo Matrix collective — a group that began in Boulder, Colorado as The Experimental Cinema Group, and initially included Angus MacLise, John Chick, Dana Young, and Ira Cohen. Bardo Matrix Press, and especially the Starstreams Poetry Series, created collaborations with Beat and countercultural poets and local artisans to produce books informed by traditional Nepali and Tibetan traditions, sharing new poetic ideas.","Before 1971, when Ira Cohen and Petra Vogt arrived, a small group of expatriates had already become involved making woodblock prints to sell to tourists. Cohen recounts the presence of Ian Alsop, Francis Brooks, and Simon White, who \"were to play an important role in the development of small press publications by myself, my old friend and comrade, poet-calligrapher, Angus MacLise, and other poets who quickly formed a community in the Kathmandu Valley.\"","MacLise's work with Piero Heliczer on Dead Language Press, \"making unique books from tree bark or fashioning long horizontal handmade books after the Tibetan or Indian style,\" proved influential: it was Angus who, \"working with local craftsmen and woodblock artists, really began the great rice paper adventure.\" (Ira Cohen, \"The Great Rice Paper Adventure: Kathmandu, 1971–1977.\" New Observations no. 106, May/June 1995. Online at Big Bridge, no. 5.)","In Kathmandu, on so-called \"Freak Street\" or Jhocchen Tole, John Chick opened a bookshop named \"The Spirit Catcher.\" The shop was open around 1972–1979, and provided a weekly forum for poetry readings, music, and community. This shop cemented the centrality of the roles of Vogt, Cohen, Chick, and MacLise in the countercultural community abroad, and became both a tourist and local destination (Prawash Gautam, \"How a used bookstore in Kathmandu's Jhochhen captured the spirit of the hippie movement,\" \"The Kathmandu Post,\" December 18, 2018)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePetra Vogt papers, MSS 16480, 1966-1978, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Petra Vogt papers, MSS 16480, 1966-1978, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains journals, artworks, correspondence, and photographs that illuminate the life and work of Petra Vogt, a poet, actress, artist, and model, known for her involvement with the Living Theatre, Ira Cohen, and the Bardo Matrix Press during the 1960s and 1970s. Of particular interest are thirty-four journals, chiefly by Petra Vogt, with poetry, prose works, diary entries, and intricate rapidograph drawings along with collage, paintings, and other artworks within; about 150 artworks by Vogt, as well as handmade books of Ira Cohen's photographs and collage, 850 photographs by Ira Cohen, including those from his Mylar photography series and 60 pieces of correspondence and post cards addressed to Vogt and Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains journals, artworks, correspondence, and photographs that illuminate the life and work of Petra Vogt, a poet, actress, artist, and model, known for her involvement with the Living Theatre, Ira Cohen, and the Bardo Matrix Press during the 1960s and 1970s. Of particular interest are thirty-four journals, chiefly by Petra Vogt, with poetry, prose works, diary entries, and intricate rapidograph drawings along with collage, paintings, and other artworks within; about 150 artworks by Vogt, as well as handmade books of Ira Cohen's photographs and collage, 850 photographs by Ira Cohen, including those from his Mylar photography series and 60 pieces of correspondence and post cards addressed to Vogt and Cohen."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"persname_ssim":["Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira"],"names_coll_ssim":["Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bardo Matrix (Firm)","Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Nepali\n      German"],"total_component_count_is":81,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:27.406Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_996","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_996","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_996","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_996","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_996.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120842","title_filing_ssi":"Vogt, Petra, papers","title_ssm":["Petra Vogt papers"],"title_tesim":["Petra Vogt papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1966-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1966/1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Petra Vogt papers, 1966/1978"],"text":["Petra Vogt papers, 1966/1978","MSS .16480","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/996","Living Theatre (New York, N.Y.)","Kathmandu (Nepal)","Spirituality--Hinduism","Spirituality--Buddhism","Bardo Matrix (Firm)","Counterculture","Photographers","collage","small presses","hippies","prints","poetry","Black-and-white photographs","drawings (visual works)","diaries","Good. Collection apparently stored in a basement but no active mold. Some oversize materials were folded but these have been put in oversize folders or boxes and a few had preservation attention. Mylar L-sleeves have been used to protect some fragile materials.","Most of the collection is open for research. The single exception is a bank book for an account owned by Petra Vogt.","The bank book belonging to Petra Vogt, 1977-1978, has been removed and restricted until her death. It has been placed in the control folder for this collection in a sealed envelope. The bank book is from the Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechsel-Bank (short form: Hypo-Bank).","Materials arrived organized by the dealer into the following four series and additional subseries: Series I. Correspondence; Series II. Petra Vogt files; Subseries II.1 Notebooks; Subseries II.2 Artworks and artist files; Subseries II.3 Collage files Series III. Ira Cohen and Bardo Matrix; Subseries III.1 Ira Cohen materials; Subseries III.2 Bardo Matrix publications; Subseries III.3 Flyers, ephemera, broadsides; Series IV Photographs.","This arrangement has been simplified into three series, 1) Volumes, Journals and Notebooks, chiefly by Petra Vogt; 2) Correspondence, Artwork and Topical Files; and 3) Photographs, chiefly by Ira Cohen. These series contain oversize materials that have been placed in more appropriate containers but are listed in the appropriate series.","Much of this biographical and historical information was taken from the dealer description of the collection.","Petra Vogt was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1943, during a particularly devastating year of World War Two airstrikes on the city. She took acting classes in Munich and then returned to Berlin, where she saw The Living Theatre for the first time and decided to join the group in 1962. She traveled and performed extensively with The Living Theatre, including in the performance, \"Paradise Now.\" She met Ira Cohen at its New Haven show (phone conversation between Ira Cohen and Carey Loren, which was transcribed on \"Blastitude, Eternity Blast Special,\" no. 13. August 2002).","In 1971, Vogt and Cohen finally landed in Kathmandu, after extensive traveling through Morocco, Tunisia, Afghanistan, and India. Living in Kathmandu from around 1972 to 1978, Vogt was an artistic, photographic, and social muse to partner Cohen, as well as Nepali hippies including Jimmy Thapa and Trilochan Shrestha.  While in Nepal, she produced numerous notebooks of poetry, diaries, and artworks, while illustrating Bardo Matrix Starstreams publications, as well as Cohen's work, including \"Poems from the Cosmic Crypt.\"","While Vogt is peripherally featured in the archives of Ira Cohen, Angus MacLise, Dana Young, and other Bardo Matrix collaborators, her own contributions to this important facet of the countercultural poetics scene are significantly understudied. While Mark Liechty's \"Far Out: Countercultural Seekers and the Tourist Encounter in Nepal\" (University of Chicago Press, 2017), acknowledges her centrality to the scene and describes her role in organizing events, performances, and generally contributing to the dramatically-dressed scene in Kathmandu, no further articles or monographs solidify the contributions of her writings, artworks, or aesthetic.","During the 1970s, Vogt was known for her foreboding dark outfits and makeup; her aesthetic marks her as an unheralded progenitor of goth style, which began to be codified in music scenes around the same time. Photographs of her from her time in Nepal in the 1970s were featured in a recent Photo Kathmandu festival in 2018. She continues to write and make art under a different name in Germany.","Ira Cohen (1935–2011) was a noted poet, publisher, filmmaker, and photographer, known especially for his Mylar photographs, which he created between 1968 and 1971 in New York City. These works were inspired by Jack Smith and Bill Devore's black light experimentation, and required subjects to enter his \"Mylar Chamber,\" a makeshift room comprised of the reflective film, which Cohen would then photograph to produce distorted and psychedelic images of his subjects.","This produced iconic images that Life magazine in 1969 said captured the \"euphoric distortions of hallucinogenics\" during the countercultural era, with participants such as Jimi Hendrix, William Burroughs, Jack Smith, Brion Gysin, Angus MacLise, Paul Bowles, and Petra Vogt, among many others. These photographs have been exhibited in the 2006 \"Summer of Love\" exhibition organized by the Tate Liverpool and featured at the Whitney Museum, and are the subject of a new book, \"Ira Cohen: Into the Mylar Chamber\" which was published by Fulgar Press in 2019 with text by Ira Cohen, Timothy Baum, Ian MacFadyen, Alice Farley, Ira Landgarten, and Thurston Moore, and edited by Allan Graubard.","Kathmandu, Nepal, held a vibrant expatriate community of poets, musicians, artists, and spiritual seekers in the 1970s, in large part due to the Bardo Matrix collective — a group that began in Boulder, Colorado as The Experimental Cinema Group, and initially included Angus MacLise, John Chick, Dana Young, and Ira Cohen. Bardo Matrix Press, and especially the Starstreams Poetry Series, created collaborations with Beat and countercultural poets and local artisans to produce books informed by traditional Nepali and Tibetan traditions, sharing new poetic ideas.","Before 1971, when Ira Cohen and Petra Vogt arrived, a small group of expatriates had already become involved making woodblock prints to sell to tourists. Cohen recounts the presence of Ian Alsop, Francis Brooks, and Simon White, who \"were to play an important role in the development of small press publications by myself, my old friend and comrade, poet-calligrapher, Angus MacLise, and other poets who quickly formed a community in the Kathmandu Valley.\"","MacLise's work with Piero Heliczer on Dead Language Press, \"making unique books from tree bark or fashioning long horizontal handmade books after the Tibetan or Indian style,\" proved influential: it was Angus who, \"working with local craftsmen and woodblock artists, really began the great rice paper adventure.\" (Ira Cohen, \"The Great Rice Paper Adventure: Kathmandu, 1971–1977.\" New Observations no. 106, May/June 1995. Online at Big Bridge, no. 5.)","In Kathmandu, on so-called \"Freak Street\" or Jhocchen Tole, John Chick opened a bookshop named \"The Spirit Catcher.\" The shop was open around 1972–1979, and provided a weekly forum for poetry readings, music, and community. This shop cemented the centrality of the roles of Vogt, Cohen, Chick, and MacLise in the countercultural community abroad, and became both a tourist and local destination (Prawash Gautam, \"How a used bookstore in Kathmandu's Jhochhen captured the spirit of the hippie movement,\" \"The Kathmandu Post,\" December 18, 2018).","This collection contains journals, artworks, correspondence, and photographs that illuminate the life and work of Petra Vogt, a poet, actress, artist, and model, known for her involvement with the Living Theatre, Ira Cohen, and the Bardo Matrix Press during the 1960s and 1970s. Of particular interest are thirty-four journals, chiefly by Petra Vogt, with poetry, prose works, diary entries, and intricate rapidograph drawings along with collage, paintings, and other artworks within; about 150 artworks by Vogt, as well as handmade books of Ira Cohen's photographs and collage, 850 photographs by Ira Cohen, including those from his Mylar photography series and 60 pieces of correspondence and post cards addressed to Vogt and Cohen.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bardo Matrix (Firm)","Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira","English\n      Nepali\n      German"],"collection_title_tesim":["Petra Vogt papers, 1966/1978"],"collection_ssim":["Petra Vogt papers, 1966/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS .16480","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/996"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS .16480","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Living Theatre (New York, N.Y.)","Kathmandu (Nepal)","Spirituality--Hinduism","Spirituality--Buddhism","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"geogname_ssim":["Living Theatre (New York, N.Y.)","Kathmandu (Nepal)","Spirituality--Hinduism","Spirituality--Buddhism","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"places_ssim":["Living Theatre (New York, N.Y.)","Kathmandu (Nepal)","Spirituality--Hinduism","Spirituality--Buddhism","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"creator_ssm":["Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"creator_ssim":["Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"creators_ssim":["Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Petra Vogt papers were purchased by the University of Virginia Special Collections Library from Granary Books, Inc. on September 21, 2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Counterculture","Photographers","collage","small presses","hippies","prints","poetry","Black-and-white photographs","drawings (visual works)","diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Counterculture","Photographers","collage","small presses","hippies","prints","poetry","Black-and-white photographs","drawings (visual works)","diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good. Collection apparently stored in a basement but no active mold. Some oversize materials were folded but these have been put in oversize folders or boxes and a few had preservation attention. Mylar L-sleeves have been used to protect some fragile materials."],"extent_ssm":["4.09 Cubic Feet 5 legal document boxes, 2 letter document boxes, 2 oversize folders (2 x 3 feet and 14 x 18 inches), and 2 oversized boxes."],"extent_tesim":["4.09 Cubic Feet 5 legal document boxes, 2 letter document boxes, 2 oversize folders (2 x 3 feet and 14 x 18 inches), and 2 oversized boxes."],"genreform_ssim":["poetry","Black-and-white photographs","drawings (visual works)","diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMost of the collection is open for research. The single exception is a bank book for an account owned by Petra Vogt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bank book belonging to Petra Vogt, 1977-1978, has been removed and restricted until her death. It has been placed in the control folder for this collection in a sealed envelope. The bank book is from the Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechsel-Bank (short form: Hypo-Bank). \u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Most of the collection is open for research. The single exception is a bank book for an account owned by Petra Vogt.","The bank book belonging to Petra Vogt, 1977-1978, has been removed and restricted until her death. It has been placed in the control folder for this collection in a sealed envelope. The bank book is from the Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechsel-Bank (short form: Hypo-Bank)."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials arrived organized by the dealer into the following four series and additional subseries: Series I. Correspondence; Series II. Petra Vogt files; Subseries II.1 Notebooks; Subseries II.2 Artworks and artist files; Subseries II.3 Collage files Series III. Ira Cohen and Bardo Matrix; Subseries III.1 Ira Cohen materials; Subseries III.2 Bardo Matrix publications; Subseries III.3 Flyers, ephemera, broadsides; Series IV Photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis arrangement has been simplified into three series, 1) Volumes, Journals and Notebooks, chiefly by Petra Vogt; 2) Correspondence, Artwork and Topical Files; and 3) Photographs, chiefly by Ira Cohen. These series contain oversize materials that have been placed in more appropriate containers but are listed in the appropriate series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials arrived organized by the dealer into the following four series and additional subseries: Series I. Correspondence; Series II. Petra Vogt files; Subseries II.1 Notebooks; Subseries II.2 Artworks and artist files; Subseries II.3 Collage files Series III. Ira Cohen and Bardo Matrix; Subseries III.1 Ira Cohen materials; Subseries III.2 Bardo Matrix publications; Subseries III.3 Flyers, ephemera, broadsides; Series IV Photographs.","This arrangement has been simplified into three series, 1) Volumes, Journals and Notebooks, chiefly by Petra Vogt; 2) Correspondence, Artwork and Topical Files; and 3) Photographs, chiefly by Ira Cohen. These series contain oversize materials that have been placed in more appropriate containers but are listed in the appropriate series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMuch of this biographical and historical information was taken from the dealer description of the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePetra Vogt was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1943, during a particularly devastating year of World War Two airstrikes on the city. She took acting classes in Munich and then returned to Berlin, where she saw The Living Theatre for the first time and decided to join the group in 1962. She traveled and performed extensively with The Living Theatre, including in the performance, \"Paradise Now.\" She met Ira Cohen at its New Haven show (phone conversation between Ira Cohen and Carey Loren, which was transcribed on \"Blastitude, Eternity Blast Special,\" no. 13. August 2002). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1971, Vogt and Cohen finally landed in Kathmandu, after extensive traveling through Morocco, Tunisia, Afghanistan, and India. Living in Kathmandu from around 1972 to 1978, Vogt was an artistic, photographic, and social muse to partner Cohen, as well as Nepali hippies including Jimmy Thapa and Trilochan Shrestha.  While in Nepal, she produced numerous notebooks of poetry, diaries, and artworks, while illustrating Bardo Matrix Starstreams publications, as well as Cohen's work, including \"Poems from the Cosmic Crypt.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile Vogt is peripherally featured in the archives of Ira Cohen, Angus MacLise, Dana Young, and other Bardo Matrix collaborators, her own contributions to this important facet of the countercultural poetics scene are significantly understudied. While Mark Liechty's \"Far Out: Countercultural Seekers and the Tourist Encounter in Nepal\" (University of Chicago Press, 2017), acknowledges her centrality to the scene and describes her role in organizing events, performances, and generally contributing to the dramatically-dressed scene in Kathmandu, no further articles or monographs solidify the contributions of her writings, artworks, or aesthetic. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1970s, Vogt was known for her foreboding dark outfits and makeup; her aesthetic marks her as an unheralded progenitor of goth style, which began to be codified in music scenes around the same time. Photographs of her from her time in Nepal in the 1970s were featured in a recent Photo Kathmandu festival in 2018. She continues to write and make art under a different name in Germany.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIra Cohen (1935–2011) was a noted poet, publisher, filmmaker, and photographer, known especially for his Mylar photographs, which he created between 1968 and 1971 in New York City. These works were inspired by Jack Smith and Bill Devore's black light experimentation, and required subjects to enter his \"Mylar Chamber,\" a makeshift room comprised of the reflective film, which Cohen would then photograph to produce distorted and psychedelic images of his subjects. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis produced iconic images that Life magazine in 1969 said captured the \"euphoric distortions of hallucinogenics\" during the countercultural era, with participants such as Jimi Hendrix, William Burroughs, Jack Smith, Brion Gysin, Angus MacLise, Paul Bowles, and Petra Vogt, among many others. These photographs have been exhibited in the 2006 \"Summer of Love\" exhibition organized by the Tate Liverpool and featured at the Whitney Museum, and are the subject of a new book, \"Ira Cohen: Into the Mylar Chamber\" which was published by Fulgar Press in 2019 with text by Ira Cohen, Timothy Baum, Ian MacFadyen, Alice Farley, Ira Landgarten, and Thurston Moore, and edited by Allan Graubard. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKathmandu, Nepal, held a vibrant expatriate community of poets, musicians, artists, and spiritual seekers in the 1970s, in large part due to the Bardo Matrix collective — a group that began in Boulder, Colorado as The Experimental Cinema Group, and initially included Angus MacLise, John Chick, Dana Young, and Ira Cohen. Bardo Matrix Press, and especially the Starstreams Poetry Series, created collaborations with Beat and countercultural poets and local artisans to produce books informed by traditional Nepali and Tibetan traditions, sharing new poetic ideas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBefore 1971, when Ira Cohen and Petra Vogt arrived, a small group of expatriates had already become involved making woodblock prints to sell to tourists. Cohen recounts the presence of Ian Alsop, Francis Brooks, and Simon White, who \"were to play an important role in the development of small press publications by myself, my old friend and comrade, poet-calligrapher, Angus MacLise, and other poets who quickly formed a community in the Kathmandu Valley.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMacLise's work with Piero Heliczer on Dead Language Press, \"making unique books from tree bark or fashioning long horizontal handmade books after the Tibetan or Indian style,\" proved influential: it was Angus who, \"working with local craftsmen and woodblock artists, really began the great rice paper adventure.\" (Ira Cohen, \"The Great Rice Paper Adventure: Kathmandu, 1971–1977.\" New Observations no. 106, May/June 1995. Online at Big Bridge, no. 5.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Kathmandu, on so-called \"Freak Street\" or Jhocchen Tole, John Chick opened a bookshop named \"The Spirit Catcher.\" The shop was open around 1972–1979, and provided a weekly forum for poetry readings, music, and community. This shop cemented the centrality of the roles of Vogt, Cohen, Chick, and MacLise in the countercultural community abroad, and became both a tourist and local destination (Prawash Gautam, \"How a used bookstore in Kathmandu's Jhochhen captured the spirit of the hippie movement,\" \"The Kathmandu Post,\" December 18, 2018).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Much of this biographical and historical information was taken from the dealer description of the collection.","Petra Vogt was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1943, during a particularly devastating year of World War Two airstrikes on the city. She took acting classes in Munich and then returned to Berlin, where she saw The Living Theatre for the first time and decided to join the group in 1962. She traveled and performed extensively with The Living Theatre, including in the performance, \"Paradise Now.\" She met Ira Cohen at its New Haven show (phone conversation between Ira Cohen and Carey Loren, which was transcribed on \"Blastitude, Eternity Blast Special,\" no. 13. August 2002).","In 1971, Vogt and Cohen finally landed in Kathmandu, after extensive traveling through Morocco, Tunisia, Afghanistan, and India. Living in Kathmandu from around 1972 to 1978, Vogt was an artistic, photographic, and social muse to partner Cohen, as well as Nepali hippies including Jimmy Thapa and Trilochan Shrestha.  While in Nepal, she produced numerous notebooks of poetry, diaries, and artworks, while illustrating Bardo Matrix Starstreams publications, as well as Cohen's work, including \"Poems from the Cosmic Crypt.\"","While Vogt is peripherally featured in the archives of Ira Cohen, Angus MacLise, Dana Young, and other Bardo Matrix collaborators, her own contributions to this important facet of the countercultural poetics scene are significantly understudied. While Mark Liechty's \"Far Out: Countercultural Seekers and the Tourist Encounter in Nepal\" (University of Chicago Press, 2017), acknowledges her centrality to the scene and describes her role in organizing events, performances, and generally contributing to the dramatically-dressed scene in Kathmandu, no further articles or monographs solidify the contributions of her writings, artworks, or aesthetic.","During the 1970s, Vogt was known for her foreboding dark outfits and makeup; her aesthetic marks her as an unheralded progenitor of goth style, which began to be codified in music scenes around the same time. Photographs of her from her time in Nepal in the 1970s were featured in a recent Photo Kathmandu festival in 2018. She continues to write and make art under a different name in Germany.","Ira Cohen (1935–2011) was a noted poet, publisher, filmmaker, and photographer, known especially for his Mylar photographs, which he created between 1968 and 1971 in New York City. These works were inspired by Jack Smith and Bill Devore's black light experimentation, and required subjects to enter his \"Mylar Chamber,\" a makeshift room comprised of the reflective film, which Cohen would then photograph to produce distorted and psychedelic images of his subjects.","This produced iconic images that Life magazine in 1969 said captured the \"euphoric distortions of hallucinogenics\" during the countercultural era, with participants such as Jimi Hendrix, William Burroughs, Jack Smith, Brion Gysin, Angus MacLise, Paul Bowles, and Petra Vogt, among many others. These photographs have been exhibited in the 2006 \"Summer of Love\" exhibition organized by the Tate Liverpool and featured at the Whitney Museum, and are the subject of a new book, \"Ira Cohen: Into the Mylar Chamber\" which was published by Fulgar Press in 2019 with text by Ira Cohen, Timothy Baum, Ian MacFadyen, Alice Farley, Ira Landgarten, and Thurston Moore, and edited by Allan Graubard.","Kathmandu, Nepal, held a vibrant expatriate community of poets, musicians, artists, and spiritual seekers in the 1970s, in large part due to the Bardo Matrix collective — a group that began in Boulder, Colorado as The Experimental Cinema Group, and initially included Angus MacLise, John Chick, Dana Young, and Ira Cohen. Bardo Matrix Press, and especially the Starstreams Poetry Series, created collaborations with Beat and countercultural poets and local artisans to produce books informed by traditional Nepali and Tibetan traditions, sharing new poetic ideas.","Before 1971, when Ira Cohen and Petra Vogt arrived, a small group of expatriates had already become involved making woodblock prints to sell to tourists. Cohen recounts the presence of Ian Alsop, Francis Brooks, and Simon White, who \"were to play an important role in the development of small press publications by myself, my old friend and comrade, poet-calligrapher, Angus MacLise, and other poets who quickly formed a community in the Kathmandu Valley.\"","MacLise's work with Piero Heliczer on Dead Language Press, \"making unique books from tree bark or fashioning long horizontal handmade books after the Tibetan or Indian style,\" proved influential: it was Angus who, \"working with local craftsmen and woodblock artists, really began the great rice paper adventure.\" (Ira Cohen, \"The Great Rice Paper Adventure: Kathmandu, 1971–1977.\" New Observations no. 106, May/June 1995. Online at Big Bridge, no. 5.)","In Kathmandu, on so-called \"Freak Street\" or Jhocchen Tole, John Chick opened a bookshop named \"The Spirit Catcher.\" The shop was open around 1972–1979, and provided a weekly forum for poetry readings, music, and community. This shop cemented the centrality of the roles of Vogt, Cohen, Chick, and MacLise in the countercultural community abroad, and became both a tourist and local destination (Prawash Gautam, \"How a used bookstore in Kathmandu's Jhochhen captured the spirit of the hippie movement,\" \"The Kathmandu Post,\" December 18, 2018)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePetra Vogt papers, MSS 16480, 1966-1978, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Petra Vogt papers, MSS 16480, 1966-1978, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains journals, artworks, correspondence, and photographs that illuminate the life and work of Petra Vogt, a poet, actress, artist, and model, known for her involvement with the Living Theatre, Ira Cohen, and the Bardo Matrix Press during the 1960s and 1970s. Of particular interest are thirty-four journals, chiefly by Petra Vogt, with poetry, prose works, diary entries, and intricate rapidograph drawings along with collage, paintings, and other artworks within; about 150 artworks by Vogt, as well as handmade books of Ira Cohen's photographs and collage, 850 photographs by Ira Cohen, including those from his Mylar photography series and 60 pieces of correspondence and post cards addressed to Vogt and Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains journals, artworks, correspondence, and photographs that illuminate the life and work of Petra Vogt, a poet, actress, artist, and model, known for her involvement with the Living Theatre, Ira Cohen, and the Bardo Matrix Press during the 1960s and 1970s. Of particular interest are thirty-four journals, chiefly by Petra Vogt, with poetry, prose works, diary entries, and intricate rapidograph drawings along with collage, paintings, and other artworks within; about 150 artworks by Vogt, as well as handmade books of Ira Cohen's photographs and collage, 850 photographs by Ira Cohen, including those from his Mylar photography series and 60 pieces of correspondence and post cards addressed to Vogt and Cohen."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bardo Matrix (Firm)"],"persname_ssim":["Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira"],"names_coll_ssim":["Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bardo Matrix (Firm)","Vogt, Petra","Cohen, Ira"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Nepali\n      German"],"total_component_count_is":81,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:27.406Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_996"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_838#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_838#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_838#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_838.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/103243","title_filing_ssi":"Maclean, Sir Fitzroy, papers","title_ssm":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"title_tesim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1827-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1827-1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1827/1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996"],"text":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996","MSS 11487","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/838","letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs","Collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged in four main series, with various subseries:","Series I: Career and Personal Papers (Boxes 1-11)","Subseries A: Diplomatic Service (Box 1)","Subseries B: British Military Mission to Yugoslavia (Boxes 1-2)","Subseries C: Special Refugee Commission (Boxes 2-3)","Subseries D: Political Correspondence (Box 3)","Subseries E: VIP Material (Boxes 3-4)","Subseries F: Yugoslavia \u0026 Tito Related Material (Boxes 4-8)","Subseries G: Family \u0026 Personal Papers (Boxes 9-10)","Subseries H: Honors \u0026 Decorations (Boxes 10- 11)","Series II: Literary Papers - Books, Television \u0026 Radio Scripts, Articles, etc.","Subseries A: Eastern Approaches Material (Boxes 12-15)","Subseries B: Yugoslavia Related Material, including Books (Boxes 15-21); and Articles, Book Reviews, Lectures, Radio \u0026 Television, \u0026 Research (Boxes 21-26)","Subseries C: Russia \u0026 the Former Soviet Union Material, including Books (Boxes 26-40); Articles (Boxes 41-43); Book Reviews \u0026 Lectures (Boxes 43-45); and Radio \u0026 Television (Boxes 45-46)","Subseries D: Scotland Material, including Books (Boxes 46-57), Highlanders Television Series (Boxes 57-58), and Articles, Book Reviews and Lectures (Boxes 59-60)","Subseries E: Miscellaneous Literary Material, including Take Nine Spies (Boxes 60-63), Articles (Boxes 64-66); Book Reviews, Introductions, Lectures \u0026 Speeches and Literary Correspondence (Boxes 67-68); and Radio and Television (Boxes 68-69)","Series III: Photographic Material (Boxes 70-93)","Series IV: Sir Fitzroy Maclean Additional Papers (Boxes 94-102","Fitzroy Hew Royle Maclean was born in 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to Charles Maclean, a major in the British army, and Gladys Royle Maclean. He was raised in Scotland, India, and Italy and attended Eton (1924-28), the University of Marburg in Germany (1929), and Kings' College, Cambridge (1929-32) where he won a senior scholarship and first class honors. He entered the Foreign Office in 1934 and was first posted to Paris, and then to Moscow in 1937 where he served as the Third Secretary in the British Embassy. Stalin's purges were at their height during Maclean's two years in the Soviet Union, and he was present at the state trial of Nikolai Bukharin in 1938. He also made journeys to remote areas of the Soviet Union such as Central Asia and the Caucasus where few if any foreigners had been for many years. In 1939 he returned to London and worked in the Foreign Office on Russian affairs.","When World War II broke out, he wanted to enlist in the military, but as a diplomat was in a \"reserved\" position and was not allowed to do so. He learned that the only way to be released from the Foreign Office was to declare himself a candidate for Parliament, and so he was returned for the constituency of Lancaster at a by-election in 1941. He joined the Cameron Highlanders regiment in the British army as a private, and then the new Special Air Service (SAS) and served in the Western Desert, where he participated in the raid on Benghazi along with SAS founder David Stirling and Randolph Churchill, and foiled a coup in Persia by kidnapping General Zahidi who had collaborated with the Germans.","In July 1943 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Maclean to serve as his personal representative and Brigadier commanding a British Military Mission to Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Communist Partisans in German-occupied Yugoslavia. At this stage of the war, there was a debate in the British government over which Yugoslav resistance group it should support - Tito's Partisans or Draza Mihalovich's Cetniks. In September Maclean was dropped by parachute into Bosnia and met Tito, and subsequently reported to Churchill that the Partisans were the more effective fighting force and would benefit from additional British and American aid. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to withdraw from Yugoslavia Maclean planned \"Operation Ratweek\" for the first week of September, a coordinated Allied and Partisan attack on enemy communications which proved quite successful. In the course of his mission, which lasted until 1945, he became a friend and admirer of Tito. In 1947 Maclean was asked to head the Special Refugee Commission which had the sensitive task of screening of tens of thousands of Yugoslav and Ukrainian Displaced Persons, some of whom were alleged to have committed war crimes, in Italy and Austria.","After completing this assignment, Maclean focused on politics, representing Lancaster until 1959 and Bute and North Ayrshire from 1959-1974, and served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for War from 1954-1957. He was chairman of the Committee of the North Atlantic Assembly from 1964-1974. Maclean's friendship with Tito and frequent visits to Yugoslavia allowed him to play a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav relations. In the 1960's he purchased a home on the island of Korcula, becoming one of the few foreigners allowed to own property in Yugoslavia. Maclean also maintained a keen interest in the Soviet Union where he traveled extensively and he served as chairman of the Great Britain-USSR Association. He lectured frequently in the United Kingdom and the United States on Yugoslav and Soviet affairs.","Maclean's literary career was launched in 1949 with the publication of Eastern Approaches, a memoir of his experiences as a diplomat and soldier, which was acclaimed by critics and became a best-seller. This was followed in 1957 by a biography of Tito, Disputed Barricade, A Person from England(1958), describing the adventures of English travelers in Central Asia, and in 1958, Back to Bokhara(1959), and a number of books, articles and book reviews on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other subjects.","A third focal point of his writing was Scotland, and he published A Concise History of Scotland, (1970), The Isles of the Sea, a collection of West Highland folk tales (1985), Bonnie Prince Charlie, (1988) and Highlanders(1995). Along with establishing a reputation as the author of entertaining and informative works that blended his travel experiences and historical research, he turned his attention to radio and television, working on a number of documentary programs including The Road to Samarkandand The Life and Times of Marshal Titoand two major series. Portrait of the Soviet Unionand Highlanders.","Maclean was made a baronet in 1957 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1993, and was the recipient of many honors and decorations including the Commander of the British Empire, the Croix de Guerre, the Order of Kutusov, and the Partisan Star, and several honorary degrees.","In 1946 Maclean married a widow with two children, Veronica (Fraser) Phipps, daughter of the 16th Lord Lovat. They had two sons, James and Charles. In 1957 the Macleans purchased Strachur, an estate in Argyllshire in the Scottish Highlands, and later operated a hotel on the estate, the Creggans Inn, which became known for its good food, drink, and hospitality. Maclean continued to be extremely active into his eighties and kept up a busy schedule of writing, lecturing and traveling. He died of a heart attack while swimming at a friend's house in June 1996. In Maclean's later years, there was speculation that he had been the inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond.","This Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.","Maclean is best known for his role during World War II as head of the British military mission to Yugoslavia in which he served as Winston Churchill's personal representative to leader of the Communist Partisans, Josip Broz Tito, his diplomatic service in the Soviet Union in the late 1930's, and as the author of the classic memoir Eastern Approaches (1949) and many other books and articles. After the war, he pursued a political career as a Conservative member of Parliament, and, based on his close relationship with Tito, played a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav affairs. He was also noted for his expertise on the Soviet Union.","A third focal point of his life and career was Scotland: he was a proud member of Clan Maclean and wrote several works on Scottish history, biography, and folklore. The collection contains some material in Serbo-Croatian, German, Italian and French.","The papers are arranged in four main series with various sub-series. Items of particular interest in the First Series, Career and Personal Papers, are described in the following paragraphs devoted to each subseries. In the Diplomatic Subseries are dispatches and memoranda of his trips through Central Asia (including Afghanistan and the ancient cities Bokhara and Samarkand) and the Caucasus, on the situation in Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the political stability of the Soviet Union, 1937-1939.","The subseries British Military Mission to Yugoslavia contains Winston Churchill's Minute concerning his Mission to Tito, Autograph Diary (2 pages) re his arrival in Yugoslavia, \"Ratweek\" Map (oversize), twelve files (labeled Top Secret) including memoranda, correspondence, telegrams, etc concerning military and political affairs such as Allied operations and aid to Tito's Partisans, formation of the Yugoslav government, relief, the visit of Field Marshal Alexander, Supreme Allied Commander to Belgrade, Macedonia, Prospect of South Slav federation, and correspondence with Evelyn Waugh.","The Special Refugee Commission subseries contains correspondence, telegrams, reports, including one submitted to Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, articles, and a draft of a speech on the refugee problems to a parliamentary committee.","Political correspondence includes papers concerning the Lancaster by-election of 1941, the general election of 1945, and correspondence with Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas- Home, Peter Carrington, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Robert Kennedy, John Lindsay, Henry Jackson, and Averell Harriman ; a memorandum to Field Marshal Alexander of Tunis concerning irregular warfare; and correspondence and memoranda related to a parliamentary delegation to Romania in 1973.","Material in the VIP Subseries includes: letters and notes from members of the Royal Family including Prince Charles, Princess Margaret, Elizabeth the Queen Mother; Clementine Churchill and Mary Churchill Soames; and a thank you note from Lauren Bacall.","The Yugoslavia and Tito Subseries contains significant material including memoranda of meetings with Tito in 1949,1950, 1953, 1968, 1973; informative accounts by Maclean and other British officers about the Military Mission in World War II for an official book published by Muzej AVNOJ (1970-1971); correspondence about Maclean's involvement in proposals for the publication of Tito's memoirs (1966-1977) and about the nomination of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize (1972-1973); correspondence and papers by Maclean and others from a conference on British Policy and Resistance in the Balkans (1973); Briefing papers, correspondence and memoranda of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Yugoslavia in 1977, and correspondence and memorabilia pertaining to the Prince of Wales' visit in 1978; correspondence about Maclean's visit in 1989 and transcript of an interview with Prime Minister Ante Markovic.","For the 1990's, the time of war and the dissolution of Yugoslavia , there is correspondence with David Owen, Stevan Dedijer and others, and about the Korcula Emergency Appeal, a relief effort for a hospital on the island of Korcula, Croatia, organized by the Macleans; letters from Yugoslav friends describing the turmoil , and/or seeking assistance in finding jobs in the United Kingdom; correspondence about renewed controversy about the British Military Mission in World War II. and the Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case concerning the repatriation of Yugoslavs in 1945. It should also be noted that in Series II, Subseries B, Literary Material pertaining to Yugoslavia, there is some correspondence filed with the manuscripts, typescripts, articles and radio and television transcripts.","The Subseries Family and Personal Papers has letters from friends and teachers, some in German, French, and Italian. In a significant group of letters to his parents (1939-1945) from London, Cairo, Belgrade, and elsewhere, Maclean discussed the international situation, his desire to leave the Foreign Office in order to join the army, life in London during the Blitz, the beginning of his political career, and his military service (some letters were extensively cut by the censors). There are also a number of letters to his parents from the years 1946-1955 from Maclean and his wife Veronica discussing family matters and living conditions in Italy and Austria while Maclean was directing the Special Refugee Commission, and about their travels in Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey in the early 1950's.","Also present is correspondence with Frank McLynn, his biographer, 1990-1994, and two scrapbooks. The blue scrapbook (1939-1951) includes one letter of Maclean to his aunt, newspaper clippings relating to his military service in Yugoslavia, his marriage, some articles by him, a few photographs. The red scrapbook, 1943-1946 also has newspaper clippings about his military service and political career and articles by him.","The Second Series consists of literary papers. This series contains drafts, typescripts, setting copies of his books with related correspondence with publishers and others about the publication process, contracts, royalty statements, book reviews, fan mail, articles, book reviews, speeches, lectures, transcripts of radio and television programs, film proposals or treatments. Several of his books were published under different titles in the United States. It is organized into five subseries based on subject matter. These include: Eastern Approaches(American title- Escape to Adventure); Yugoslavia (the country as originally constituted and also the new states that emerged in the 1990's); Russia and the former Soviet Union and the new nations post 1990); Scotland; and Miscellaneous Literary.","The subseries about Eastern Approachescontains a typed manuscript (Setting copy) with corrections, including an unpublished introduction; some material omitted from the published version including his admiration for a Soviet army unit, comments on the Cetniks, and conversations with King George VI and Winston Churchill and King Peter of Yugoslavia; letters from Michael Adeane, Secretary to King George VI and Winston Churchill requesting that certain passages be omitted; a letter from Peter Fleming to Jonathan Cape offering his opinion of the book, a letter from Ian Fleming to Jonathan Cape and a note to Maclean.","Other material includes correspondence with Jonathan Cape and other publishers about a new edition, correspondence with Douglas Fairbanks, Eric Ambler and others concerning a possible film version, and with Ian Curteis about a proposed television adaptation.","The Yugoslavia Subseries includes books: Disputed Barricade(1957), published in America as The Heretic, which includes an interview with Tito; Yugoslavia(1969), in which Maclean wrote the text for this book of photographs; Battle of Neretva(1970); and Tito: A Pictorial Biography(1980). Also present are articles from newspapers and magazines, 1947-1995, on Yugoslav politics and society, including interviews with Tito. Particularly interesting are two unpublished articles \"Whither Yugoslavia?\" written in 1989 based on interviews with Yugoslav politicians, including Slobodan Milosevic. There are also a number of book reviews of works by Julian Amery, William Deakin, Noel Malcolm and Misha Glenny and others.","In addition, the subseries on Yugoslavia contains lectures, 1949-1995; transcripts of radio and television programs, with related correspondence; and some interviews with Tito, notably The \"Life and Times of Marshal Tito\" (December 1963); and one for a CBS news program (1969).","The Russian Material Subseries contains drafts, correspondence, and research material for his books A Person from England(1958), including several autograph letters,1827-1861, of Dr. Joseph Wolff, one of the English travelers chronicled in the book; Back to Bokhara(1959); Holy Russia(1978); drafts titled \"All the Russias\" and \"The Other Russias,\" which were the basis for To the Back of Beyond(1974), To Caucasus: End of All the Earth(1976); and Holy Russia(1978) which completed the trilogy; Portrait of the Soviet Union(1988), including material for both the book and the related TBS television series since Maclean was working on these simultaneously; and All the Russias(1992). Correspondents include Pamela Harriman, Marietta Tree and Fitzgerald Bemiss.","In addition to his books about Russia and the Soviet Union, his papers also contain articles, 1949-1995 on political, social, economic, cultural aspects of the former Soviet Union, a number on Georgia and the Caucasus, and Mikhail Gorbachev; book reviews, 1949-1994; and radio and television material, such as correspondence and transcripts for programs, including \"The End of All the Earth\" and \"Carnival in the Caucasus\"; interviews with Anna Mikhailovna Larina (Bukharin's widow) and others for the BBC \"Timewatch\" program \"Bukharin.\"","The subseries concerning his Scotland material includes books, A Concise History of Scotland(1970); Isles of the Sea(1985); Bonnie Prince Charlie(1988); and Highlanders(originally titled Clans) (1995). Material for the book and television series are combined since Maclean was working on them simultaneously. Among the articles on Scotland is a notable series \"Scottish Approaches\" which appeared in The Scotsmanin 1959.","The last subseries in Maclean's Literary Papers consists of miscellaneous literary material, including material for the book Take Nine Spies. There is also correspondence with publishers in which he discusses more than one book, and with his literary agents.","Articles are arranged chronologically, and topics range from post World War II Japan, Korea, Italy, the Middle East, and defense policy to China and Mongolia in the 1960's, an extended trip to China in 1988, and his travels in Nepal, Tibet, and Oman in the 1990's. There are also articles about his military, diplomatic, political and literary career, his travels, and personal life, and note that others are contained in two scrapbooks. The radio and television material includes his commentaries on the international scene from 1946 on.","Photographic Material comprises the third series, which contains twenty-four boxes of photographs (some in albums), contact sheets, negatives, and slides, taken by Maclean, primarily of his travels in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Asia, from 1938 through the 1990's. Especially noteworthy are those taken in Moscow, Leningrad, and Central Asia, including Afghanistan, the cities Bokhara and Samarkand, and Persia, Paris and Florence in the late 1930's, Yugoslavia during World War II, postwar Korean and China, and of Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Iran in the early 1950's. Maclean visited the former Soviet Union frequently from the late 1950's through 1987 and took numerous photographs of his favorite regions, Central Asia and the Caucasus, particularly Georgia.","As for Yugoslavia, there is an album dated 1953 labeled Namanevru Jugoslovenska Narodne, Armije (Yugoslav People's Army) with photographs of Tito, Maclean, and soldiers; and photographs from the early 1960's through 1980 including a number of photographs of Tito. Individuals subjects include Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There are also many family photographs taken at Maclean's homes Beechfield and Strachur, and of friends. The photographs used in Eastern Approaches, Disputed Barricade, A Person from England, and Bonnie Prince Charlieare also in this section.\n \n The fourth series consists of two small additions to the papers and include some correpondence files, such as congratulatory letters about his appointment as Under Secretary for War in 1954 and his Baronetcy in 1957, his letters published in the press, and the Great Britain-USSR Association; files on his participation in various conferences concerning Yugoslavia and War War II; election campaign materials of Maclean; Notebooks, including \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June); news articles; speeches by Maclean, including printed speeches published in \"Parliamentary Debates\"; passports; pocket and desk diaries; first drafts of \"Eastern Approaches\"; a file on guerilla warfare; a copy of a 1938 Report on Central Asia by Maclean; and Veronica Maclean's description about her first meeting with Josip Broz Tito in 1947.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996","Materials are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996"],"collection_ssim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 11487","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/838"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 11487","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/838"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"creator_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by the University of Virginia Library on November 30, 1998. The first addition, consisting of the desk diaries of Sir Fitzroy Maclean (MSS 11487-a), was received on March 7, 2003, and the second addition (ViU20160030) was received on December 1, 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["44 Cubic Feet 102 document boxes, 2 os folders"],"extent_tesim":["44 Cubic Feet 102 document boxes, 2 os folders"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in four main series, with various subseries: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Career and Personal Papers (Boxes 1-11) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A: Diplomatic Service (Box 1) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B: British Military Mission to Yugoslavia (Boxes 1-2) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C: Special Refugee Commission (Boxes 2-3) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D: Political Correspondence (Box 3) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E: VIP Material (Boxes 3-4) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries F: Yugoslavia \u0026amp; Tito Related Material (Boxes 4-8) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries G: Family \u0026amp; Personal Papers (Boxes 9-10) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries H: Honors \u0026amp; Decorations (Boxes 10- 11) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Literary Papers - Books, Television \u0026amp; Radio Scripts, Articles, etc. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A: Eastern Approaches Material (Boxes 12-15) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B: Yugoslavia Related Material, including Books (Boxes 15-21); and Articles, Book Reviews, Lectures, Radio \u0026amp; Television, \u0026amp; Research (Boxes 21-26) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C: Russia \u0026amp; the Former Soviet Union Material, including Books (Boxes 26-40); Articles (Boxes 41-43); Book Reviews \u0026amp; Lectures (Boxes 43-45); and Radio \u0026amp; Television (Boxes 45-46) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D: Scotland Material, including Books (Boxes 46-57), Highlanders Television Series (Boxes 57-58), and Articles, Book Reviews and Lectures (Boxes 59-60) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E: Miscellaneous Literary Material, including Take Nine Spies (Boxes 60-63), Articles (Boxes 64-66); Book Reviews, Introductions, Lectures \u0026amp; Speeches and Literary Correspondence (Boxes 67-68); and Radio and Television (Boxes 68-69) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Photographic Material (Boxes 70-93)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Sir Fitzroy Maclean Additional Papers (Boxes 94-102 \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in four main series, with various subseries:","Series I: Career and Personal Papers (Boxes 1-11)","Subseries A: Diplomatic Service (Box 1)","Subseries B: British Military Mission to Yugoslavia (Boxes 1-2)","Subseries C: Special Refugee Commission (Boxes 2-3)","Subseries D: Political Correspondence (Box 3)","Subseries E: VIP Material (Boxes 3-4)","Subseries F: Yugoslavia \u0026 Tito Related Material (Boxes 4-8)","Subseries G: Family \u0026 Personal Papers (Boxes 9-10)","Subseries H: Honors \u0026 Decorations (Boxes 10- 11)","Series II: Literary Papers - Books, Television \u0026 Radio Scripts, Articles, etc.","Subseries A: Eastern Approaches Material (Boxes 12-15)","Subseries B: Yugoslavia Related Material, including Books (Boxes 15-21); and Articles, Book Reviews, Lectures, Radio \u0026 Television, \u0026 Research (Boxes 21-26)","Subseries C: Russia \u0026 the Former Soviet Union Material, including Books (Boxes 26-40); Articles (Boxes 41-43); Book Reviews \u0026 Lectures (Boxes 43-45); and Radio \u0026 Television (Boxes 45-46)","Subseries D: Scotland Material, including Books (Boxes 46-57), Highlanders Television Series (Boxes 57-58), and Articles, Book Reviews and Lectures (Boxes 59-60)","Subseries E: Miscellaneous Literary Material, including Take Nine Spies (Boxes 60-63), Articles (Boxes 64-66); Book Reviews, Introductions, Lectures \u0026 Speeches and Literary Correspondence (Boxes 67-68); and Radio and Television (Boxes 68-69)","Series III: Photographic Material (Boxes 70-93)","Series IV: Sir Fitzroy Maclean Additional Papers (Boxes 94-102"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFitzroy Hew Royle Maclean was born in 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to Charles Maclean, a major in the British army, and Gladys Royle Maclean. He was raised in Scotland, India, and Italy and attended Eton (1924-28), the University of Marburg in Germany (1929), and Kings' College, Cambridge (1929-32) where he won a senior scholarship and first class honors. He entered the Foreign Office in 1934 and was first posted to Paris, and then to Moscow in 1937 where he served as the Third Secretary in the British Embassy. Stalin's purges were at their height during Maclean's two years in the Soviet Union, and he was present at the state trial of Nikolai Bukharin in 1938. He also made journeys to remote areas of the Soviet Union such as Central Asia and the Caucasus where few if any foreigners had been for many years. In 1939 he returned to London and worked in the Foreign Office on Russian affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e When World War II broke out, he wanted to enlist in the military, but as a diplomat was in a \"reserved\" position and was not allowed to do so. He learned that the only way to be released from the Foreign Office was to declare himself a candidate for Parliament, and so he was returned for the constituency of Lancaster at a by-election in 1941. He joined the Cameron Highlanders regiment in the British army as a private, and then the new Special Air Service (SAS) and served in the Western Desert, where he participated in the raid on Benghazi along with SAS founder David Stirling and Randolph Churchill, and foiled a coup in Persia by kidnapping General Zahidi who had collaborated with the Germans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In July 1943 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Maclean to serve as his personal representative and Brigadier commanding a British Military Mission to Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Communist Partisans in German-occupied Yugoslavia. At this stage of the war, there was a debate in the British government over which Yugoslav resistance group it should support - Tito's Partisans or Draza Mihalovich's Cetniks. In September Maclean was dropped by parachute into Bosnia and met Tito, and subsequently reported to Churchill that the Partisans were the more effective fighting force and would benefit from additional British and American aid. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to withdraw from Yugoslavia Maclean planned \"Operation Ratweek\" for the first week of September, a coordinated Allied and Partisan attack on enemy communications which proved quite successful. In the course of his mission, which lasted until 1945, he became a friend and admirer of Tito. In 1947 Maclean was asked to head the Special Refugee Commission which had the sensitive task of screening of tens of thousands of Yugoslav and Ukrainian Displaced Persons, some of whom were alleged to have committed war crimes, in Italy and Austria.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e After completing this assignment, Maclean focused on politics, representing Lancaster until 1959 and Bute and North Ayrshire from 1959-1974, and served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for War from 1954-1957. He was chairman of the Committee of the North Atlantic Assembly from 1964-1974. Maclean's friendship with Tito and frequent visits to Yugoslavia allowed him to play a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav relations. In the 1960's he purchased a home on the island of Korcula, becoming one of the few foreigners allowed to own property in Yugoslavia. Maclean also maintained a keen interest in the Soviet Union where he traveled extensively and he served as chairman of the Great Britain-USSR Association. He lectured frequently in the United Kingdom and the United States on Yugoslav and Soviet affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Maclean's literary career was launched in 1949 with the publication of Eastern Approaches, a memoir of his experiences as a diplomat and soldier, which was acclaimed by critics and became a best-seller. This was followed in 1957 by a biography of Tito, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDisputed Barricade, A Person from England\u003c/title\u003e(1958), describing the adventures of English travelers in Central Asia, and in 1958, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBack to Bokhara\u003c/title\u003e(1959), and a number of books, articles and book reviews on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other subjects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A third focal point of his writing was Scotland, and he published \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Concise History of Scotland\u003c/title\u003e, (1970), \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Isles of the Sea\u003c/title\u003e, a collection of West Highland folk tales (1985), \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBonnie Prince Charlie\u003c/title\u003e, (1988) and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHighlanders\u003c/title\u003e(1995). Along with establishing a reputation as the author of entertaining and informative works that blended his travel experiences and historical research, he turned his attention to radio and television, working on a number of documentary programs including \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Road to Samarkand\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Life and Times of Marshal Tito\u003c/title\u003eand two major series. \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003ePortrait of the Soviet Union\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHighlanders\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Maclean was made a baronet in 1957 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1993, and was the recipient of many honors and decorations including the Commander of the British Empire, the Croix de Guerre, the Order of Kutusov, and the Partisan Star, and several honorary degrees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1946 Maclean married a widow with two children, Veronica (Fraser) Phipps, daughter of the 16th Lord Lovat. They had two sons, James and Charles. In 1957 the Macleans purchased Strachur, an estate in Argyllshire in the Scottish Highlands, and later operated a hotel on the estate, the Creggans Inn, which became known for its good food, drink, and hospitality. Maclean continued to be extremely active into his eighties and kept up a busy schedule of writing, lecturing and traveling. He died of a heart attack while swimming at a friend's house in June 1996. In Maclean's later years, there was speculation that he had been the inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Fitzroy Hew Royle Maclean was born in 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to Charles Maclean, a major in the British army, and Gladys Royle Maclean. He was raised in Scotland, India, and Italy and attended Eton (1924-28), the University of Marburg in Germany (1929), and Kings' College, Cambridge (1929-32) where he won a senior scholarship and first class honors. He entered the Foreign Office in 1934 and was first posted to Paris, and then to Moscow in 1937 where he served as the Third Secretary in the British Embassy. Stalin's purges were at their height during Maclean's two years in the Soviet Union, and he was present at the state trial of Nikolai Bukharin in 1938. He also made journeys to remote areas of the Soviet Union such as Central Asia and the Caucasus where few if any foreigners had been for many years. In 1939 he returned to London and worked in the Foreign Office on Russian affairs.","When World War II broke out, he wanted to enlist in the military, but as a diplomat was in a \"reserved\" position and was not allowed to do so. He learned that the only way to be released from the Foreign Office was to declare himself a candidate for Parliament, and so he was returned for the constituency of Lancaster at a by-election in 1941. He joined the Cameron Highlanders regiment in the British army as a private, and then the new Special Air Service (SAS) and served in the Western Desert, where he participated in the raid on Benghazi along with SAS founder David Stirling and Randolph Churchill, and foiled a coup in Persia by kidnapping General Zahidi who had collaborated with the Germans.","In July 1943 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Maclean to serve as his personal representative and Brigadier commanding a British Military Mission to Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Communist Partisans in German-occupied Yugoslavia. At this stage of the war, there was a debate in the British government over which Yugoslav resistance group it should support - Tito's Partisans or Draza Mihalovich's Cetniks. In September Maclean was dropped by parachute into Bosnia and met Tito, and subsequently reported to Churchill that the Partisans were the more effective fighting force and would benefit from additional British and American aid. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to withdraw from Yugoslavia Maclean planned \"Operation Ratweek\" for the first week of September, a coordinated Allied and Partisan attack on enemy communications which proved quite successful. In the course of his mission, which lasted until 1945, he became a friend and admirer of Tito. In 1947 Maclean was asked to head the Special Refugee Commission which had the sensitive task of screening of tens of thousands of Yugoslav and Ukrainian Displaced Persons, some of whom were alleged to have committed war crimes, in Italy and Austria.","After completing this assignment, Maclean focused on politics, representing Lancaster until 1959 and Bute and North Ayrshire from 1959-1974, and served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for War from 1954-1957. He was chairman of the Committee of the North Atlantic Assembly from 1964-1974. Maclean's friendship with Tito and frequent visits to Yugoslavia allowed him to play a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav relations. In the 1960's he purchased a home on the island of Korcula, becoming one of the few foreigners allowed to own property in Yugoslavia. Maclean also maintained a keen interest in the Soviet Union where he traveled extensively and he served as chairman of the Great Britain-USSR Association. He lectured frequently in the United Kingdom and the United States on Yugoslav and Soviet affairs.","Maclean's literary career was launched in 1949 with the publication of Eastern Approaches, a memoir of his experiences as a diplomat and soldier, which was acclaimed by critics and became a best-seller. This was followed in 1957 by a biography of Tito, Disputed Barricade, A Person from England(1958), describing the adventures of English travelers in Central Asia, and in 1958, Back to Bokhara(1959), and a number of books, articles and book reviews on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other subjects.","A third focal point of his writing was Scotland, and he published A Concise History of Scotland, (1970), The Isles of the Sea, a collection of West Highland folk tales (1985), Bonnie Prince Charlie, (1988) and Highlanders(1995). Along with establishing a reputation as the author of entertaining and informative works that blended his travel experiences and historical research, he turned his attention to radio and television, working on a number of documentary programs including The Road to Samarkandand The Life and Times of Marshal Titoand two major series. Portrait of the Soviet Unionand Highlanders.","Maclean was made a baronet in 1957 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1993, and was the recipient of many honors and decorations including the Commander of the British Empire, the Croix de Guerre, the Order of Kutusov, and the Partisan Star, and several honorary degrees.","In 1946 Maclean married a widow with two children, Veronica (Fraser) Phipps, daughter of the 16th Lord Lovat. They had two sons, James and Charles. In 1957 the Macleans purchased Strachur, an estate in Argyllshire in the Scottish Highlands, and later operated a hotel on the estate, the Creggans Inn, which became known for its good food, drink, and hospitality. Maclean continued to be extremely active into his eighties and kept up a busy schedule of writing, lecturing and traveling. He died of a heart attack while swimming at a friend's house in June 1996. In Maclean's later years, there was speculation that he had been the inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 11487 Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 11487 Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaclean is best known for his role during World War II as head of the British military mission to Yugoslavia in which he served as Winston Churchill's personal representative to leader of the Communist Partisans, Josip Broz Tito, his diplomatic service in the Soviet Union in the late 1930's, and as the author of the classic memoir Eastern Approaches (1949) and many other books and articles. After the war, he pursued a political career as a Conservative member of Parliament, and, based on his close relationship with Tito, played a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav affairs. He was also noted for his expertise on the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A third focal point of his life and career was Scotland: he was a proud member of Clan Maclean and wrote several works on Scottish history, biography, and folklore. The collection contains some material in Serbo-Croatian, German, Italian and French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The papers are arranged in four main series with various sub-series. Items of particular interest in the First Series, Career and Personal Papers, are described in the following paragraphs devoted to each subseries. In the Diplomatic Subseries are dispatches and memoranda of his trips through Central Asia (including Afghanistan and the ancient cities Bokhara and Samarkand) and the Caucasus, on the situation in Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the political stability of the Soviet Union, 1937-1939.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The subseries British Military Mission to Yugoslavia contains Winston Churchill's Minute concerning his Mission to Tito, Autograph Diary (2 pages) re his arrival in Yugoslavia, \"Ratweek\" Map (oversize), twelve files (labeled Top Secret) including memoranda, correspondence, telegrams, etc concerning military and political affairs such as Allied operations and aid to Tito's Partisans, formation of the Yugoslav government, relief, the visit of Field Marshal Alexander, Supreme Allied Commander to Belgrade, Macedonia, Prospect of South Slav federation, and correspondence with Evelyn Waugh.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Special Refugee Commission subseries contains correspondence, telegrams, reports, including one submitted to Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, articles, and a draft of a speech on the refugee problems to a parliamentary committee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Political correspondence includes papers concerning the Lancaster by-election of 1941, the general election of 1945, and correspondence with Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas- Home, Peter Carrington, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Robert Kennedy, John Lindsay, Henry Jackson, and Averell Harriman ; a memorandum to Field Marshal Alexander of Tunis concerning irregular warfare; and correspondence and memoranda related to a parliamentary delegation to Romania in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Material in the VIP Subseries includes: letters and notes from members of the Royal Family including Prince Charles, Princess Margaret, Elizabeth the Queen Mother; Clementine Churchill and Mary Churchill Soames; and a thank you note from Lauren Bacall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Yugoslavia and Tito Subseries contains significant material including memoranda of meetings with Tito in 1949,1950, 1953, 1968, 1973; informative accounts by Maclean and other British officers about the Military Mission in World War II for an official book published by Muzej AVNOJ (1970-1971); correspondence about Maclean's involvement in proposals for the publication of Tito's memoirs (1966-1977) and about the nomination of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize (1972-1973); correspondence and papers by Maclean and others from a conference on British Policy and Resistance in the Balkans (1973); Briefing papers, correspondence and memoranda of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Yugoslavia in 1977, and correspondence and memorabilia pertaining to the Prince of Wales' visit in 1978; correspondence about Maclean's visit in 1989 and transcript of an interview with Prime Minister Ante Markovic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e For the 1990's, the time of war and the dissolution of Yugoslavia , there is correspondence with David Owen, Stevan Dedijer and others, and about the Korcula Emergency Appeal, a relief effort for a hospital on the island of Korcula, Croatia, organized by the Macleans; letters from Yugoslav friends describing the turmoil , and/or seeking assistance in finding jobs in the United Kingdom; correspondence about renewed controversy about the British Military Mission in World War II. and the Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case concerning the repatriation of Yugoslavs in 1945. It should also be noted that in Series II, Subseries B, Literary Material pertaining to Yugoslavia, there is some correspondence filed with the manuscripts, typescripts, articles and radio and television transcripts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Subseries Family and Personal Papers has letters from friends and teachers, some in German, French, and Italian. In a significant group of letters to his parents (1939-1945) from London, Cairo, Belgrade, and elsewhere, Maclean discussed the international situation, his desire to leave the Foreign Office in order to join the army, life in London during the Blitz, the beginning of his political career, and his military service (some letters were extensively cut by the censors). There are also a number of letters to his parents from the years 1946-1955 from Maclean and his wife Veronica discussing family matters and living conditions in Italy and Austria while Maclean was directing the Special Refugee Commission, and about their travels in Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey in the early 1950's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Also present is correspondence with Frank McLynn, his biographer, 1990-1994, and two scrapbooks. The blue scrapbook (1939-1951) includes one letter of Maclean to his aunt, newspaper clippings relating to his military service in Yugoslavia, his marriage, some articles by him, a few photographs. The red scrapbook, 1943-1946 also has newspaper clippings about his military service and political career and articles by him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Second Series consists of literary papers. This series contains drafts, typescripts, setting copies of his books with related correspondence with publishers and others about the publication process, contracts, royalty statements, book reviews, fan mail, articles, book reviews, speeches, lectures, transcripts of radio and television programs, film proposals or treatments. Several of his books were published under different titles in the United States. It is organized into five subseries based on subject matter. These include: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003e(American title- \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEscape to Adventure\u003c/title\u003e); Yugoslavia (the country as originally constituted and also the new states that emerged in the 1990's); Russia and the former Soviet Union and the new nations post 1990); Scotland; and Miscellaneous Literary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The subseries about \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003econtains a typed manuscript (Setting copy) with corrections, including an unpublished introduction; some material omitted from the published version including his admiration for a Soviet army unit, comments on the Cetniks, and conversations with King George VI and Winston Churchill and King Peter of Yugoslavia; letters from Michael Adeane, Secretary to King George VI and Winston Churchill requesting that certain passages be omitted; a letter from Peter Fleming to Jonathan Cape offering his opinion of the book, a letter from Ian Fleming to Jonathan Cape and a note to Maclean.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Other material includes correspondence with Jonathan Cape and other publishers about a new edition, correspondence with Douglas Fairbanks, Eric Ambler and others concerning a possible film version, and with Ian Curteis about a proposed television adaptation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Yugoslavia Subseries includes books: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDisputed Barricade\u003c/title\u003e(1957), published in America as \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Heretic\u003c/title\u003e, which includes an interview with Tito; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eYugoslavia\u003c/title\u003e(1969), in which Maclean wrote the text for this book of photographs; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBattle of Neretva\u003c/title\u003e(1970); and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTito: A Pictorial Biography\u003c/title\u003e(1980). Also present are articles from newspapers and magazines, 1947-1995, on Yugoslav politics and society, including interviews with Tito. Particularly interesting are two unpublished articles \"Whither Yugoslavia?\" written in 1989 based on interviews with Yugoslav politicians, including Slobodan Milosevic. There are also a number of book reviews of works by Julian Amery, William Deakin, Noel Malcolm and Misha Glenny and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In addition, the subseries on Yugoslavia contains lectures, 1949-1995; transcripts of radio and television programs, with related correspondence; and some interviews with Tito, notably The \"Life and Times of Marshal Tito\" (December 1963); and one for a CBS news program (1969).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Russian Material Subseries contains drafts, correspondence, and research material for his books \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Person from England\u003c/title\u003e(1958), including several autograph letters,1827-1861, of Dr. Joseph Wolff, one of the English travelers chronicled in the book; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBack to Bokhara\u003c/title\u003e(1959); \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHoly Russia\u003c/title\u003e(1978); drafts titled \"All the Russias\" and \"The Other Russias,\" which were the basis for \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTo the Back of Beyond\u003c/title\u003e(1974), \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTo Caucasus: End of All the Earth\u003c/title\u003e(1976); and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHoly Russia\u003c/title\u003e(1978) which completed the trilogy; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003ePortrait of the Soviet Union\u003c/title\u003e(1988), including material for both the book and the related TBS television series since Maclean was working on these simultaneously; and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAll the Russias\u003c/title\u003e(1992). Correspondents include Pamela Harriman, Marietta Tree and Fitzgerald Bemiss.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In addition to his books about Russia and the Soviet Union, his papers also contain articles, 1949-1995 on political, social, economic, cultural aspects of the former Soviet Union, a number on Georgia and the Caucasus, and Mikhail Gorbachev; book reviews, 1949-1994; and radio and television material, such as correspondence and transcripts for programs, including \"The End of All the Earth\" and \"Carnival in the Caucasus\"; interviews with Anna Mikhailovna Larina (Bukharin's widow) and others for the BBC \"Timewatch\" program \"Bukharin.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The subseries concerning his Scotland material includes books, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Concise History of Scotland\u003c/title\u003e(1970); \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eIsles of the Sea\u003c/title\u003e(1985); \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBonnie Prince Charlie\u003c/title\u003e(1988); and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHighlanders\u003c/title\u003e(originally titled \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eClans\u003c/title\u003e) (1995). Material for the book and television series are combined since Maclean was working on them simultaneously. Among the articles on Scotland is a notable series \"Scottish Approaches\" which appeared in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Scotsman\u003c/title\u003ein 1959.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The last subseries in Maclean's Literary Papers consists of miscellaneous literary material, including material for the book \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTake Nine Spies\u003c/title\u003e. There is also correspondence with publishers in which he discusses more than one book, and with his literary agents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Articles are arranged chronologically, and topics range from post World War II Japan, Korea, Italy, the Middle East, and defense policy to China and Mongolia in the 1960's, an extended trip to China in 1988, and his travels in Nepal, Tibet, and Oman in the 1990's. There are also articles about his military, diplomatic, political and literary career, his travels, and personal life, and note that others are contained in two scrapbooks. The radio and television material includes his commentaries on the international scene from 1946 on.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Photographic Material comprises the third series, which contains twenty-four boxes of photographs (some in albums), contact sheets, negatives, and slides, taken by Maclean, primarily of his travels in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Asia, from 1938 through the 1990's. Especially noteworthy are those taken in Moscow, Leningrad, and Central Asia, including Afghanistan, the cities Bokhara and Samarkand, and Persia, Paris and Florence in the late 1930's, Yugoslavia during World War II, postwar Korean and China, and of Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Iran in the early 1950's. Maclean visited the former Soviet Union frequently from the late 1950's through 1987 and took numerous photographs of his favorite regions, Central Asia and the Caucasus, particularly Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e As for Yugoslavia, there is an album dated 1953 labeled Namanevru Jugoslovenska Narodne, Armije (Yugoslav People's Army) with photographs of Tito, Maclean, and soldiers; and photographs from the early 1960's through 1980 including a number of photographs of Tito. Individuals subjects include Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There are also many family photographs taken at Maclean's homes Beechfield and Strachur, and of friends. The photographs used in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDisputed Barricade\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Person from England\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBonnie Prince Charlie\u003c/title\u003eare also in this section.\n \n The fourth series consists of two small additions to the papers and include some correpondence files, such as congratulatory letters about his appointment as Under Secretary for War in 1954 and his Baronetcy in 1957, his letters published in the press, and the Great Britain-USSR Association; files on his participation in various conferences concerning Yugoslavia and War War II; election campaign materials of Maclean; Notebooks, including \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June); news articles; speeches by Maclean, including printed speeches published in \"Parliamentary Debates\"; passports; pocket and desk diaries; first drafts of \"Eastern Approaches\"; a file on guerilla warfare; a copy of a 1938 Report on Central Asia by Maclean; and Veronica Maclean's description about her first meeting with Josip Broz Tito in 1947.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents Note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.","Maclean is best known for his role during World War II as head of the British military mission to Yugoslavia in which he served as Winston Churchill's personal representative to leader of the Communist Partisans, Josip Broz Tito, his diplomatic service in the Soviet Union in the late 1930's, and as the author of the classic memoir Eastern Approaches (1949) and many other books and articles. After the war, he pursued a political career as a Conservative member of Parliament, and, based on his close relationship with Tito, played a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav affairs. He was also noted for his expertise on the Soviet Union.","A third focal point of his life and career was Scotland: he was a proud member of Clan Maclean and wrote several works on Scottish history, biography, and folklore. The collection contains some material in Serbo-Croatian, German, Italian and French.","The papers are arranged in four main series with various sub-series. Items of particular interest in the First Series, Career and Personal Papers, are described in the following paragraphs devoted to each subseries. In the Diplomatic Subseries are dispatches and memoranda of his trips through Central Asia (including Afghanistan and the ancient cities Bokhara and Samarkand) and the Caucasus, on the situation in Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the political stability of the Soviet Union, 1937-1939.","The subseries British Military Mission to Yugoslavia contains Winston Churchill's Minute concerning his Mission to Tito, Autograph Diary (2 pages) re his arrival in Yugoslavia, \"Ratweek\" Map (oversize), twelve files (labeled Top Secret) including memoranda, correspondence, telegrams, etc concerning military and political affairs such as Allied operations and aid to Tito's Partisans, formation of the Yugoslav government, relief, the visit of Field Marshal Alexander, Supreme Allied Commander to Belgrade, Macedonia, Prospect of South Slav federation, and correspondence with Evelyn Waugh.","The Special Refugee Commission subseries contains correspondence, telegrams, reports, including one submitted to Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, articles, and a draft of a speech on the refugee problems to a parliamentary committee.","Political correspondence includes papers concerning the Lancaster by-election of 1941, the general election of 1945, and correspondence with Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas- Home, Peter Carrington, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Robert Kennedy, John Lindsay, Henry Jackson, and Averell Harriman ; a memorandum to Field Marshal Alexander of Tunis concerning irregular warfare; and correspondence and memoranda related to a parliamentary delegation to Romania in 1973.","Material in the VIP Subseries includes: letters and notes from members of the Royal Family including Prince Charles, Princess Margaret, Elizabeth the Queen Mother; Clementine Churchill and Mary Churchill Soames; and a thank you note from Lauren Bacall.","The Yugoslavia and Tito Subseries contains significant material including memoranda of meetings with Tito in 1949,1950, 1953, 1968, 1973; informative accounts by Maclean and other British officers about the Military Mission in World War II for an official book published by Muzej AVNOJ (1970-1971); correspondence about Maclean's involvement in proposals for the publication of Tito's memoirs (1966-1977) and about the nomination of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize (1972-1973); correspondence and papers by Maclean and others from a conference on British Policy and Resistance in the Balkans (1973); Briefing papers, correspondence and memoranda of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Yugoslavia in 1977, and correspondence and memorabilia pertaining to the Prince of Wales' visit in 1978; correspondence about Maclean's visit in 1989 and transcript of an interview with Prime Minister Ante Markovic.","For the 1990's, the time of war and the dissolution of Yugoslavia , there is correspondence with David Owen, Stevan Dedijer and others, and about the Korcula Emergency Appeal, a relief effort for a hospital on the island of Korcula, Croatia, organized by the Macleans; letters from Yugoslav friends describing the turmoil , and/or seeking assistance in finding jobs in the United Kingdom; correspondence about renewed controversy about the British Military Mission in World War II. and the Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case concerning the repatriation of Yugoslavs in 1945. It should also be noted that in Series II, Subseries B, Literary Material pertaining to Yugoslavia, there is some correspondence filed with the manuscripts, typescripts, articles and radio and television transcripts.","The Subseries Family and Personal Papers has letters from friends and teachers, some in German, French, and Italian. In a significant group of letters to his parents (1939-1945) from London, Cairo, Belgrade, and elsewhere, Maclean discussed the international situation, his desire to leave the Foreign Office in order to join the army, life in London during the Blitz, the beginning of his political career, and his military service (some letters were extensively cut by the censors). There are also a number of letters to his parents from the years 1946-1955 from Maclean and his wife Veronica discussing family matters and living conditions in Italy and Austria while Maclean was directing the Special Refugee Commission, and about their travels in Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey in the early 1950's.","Also present is correspondence with Frank McLynn, his biographer, 1990-1994, and two scrapbooks. The blue scrapbook (1939-1951) includes one letter of Maclean to his aunt, newspaper clippings relating to his military service in Yugoslavia, his marriage, some articles by him, a few photographs. The red scrapbook, 1943-1946 also has newspaper clippings about his military service and political career and articles by him.","The Second Series consists of literary papers. This series contains drafts, typescripts, setting copies of his books with related correspondence with publishers and others about the publication process, contracts, royalty statements, book reviews, fan mail, articles, book reviews, speeches, lectures, transcripts of radio and television programs, film proposals or treatments. Several of his books were published under different titles in the United States. It is organized into five subseries based on subject matter. These include: Eastern Approaches(American title- Escape to Adventure); Yugoslavia (the country as originally constituted and also the new states that emerged in the 1990's); Russia and the former Soviet Union and the new nations post 1990); Scotland; and Miscellaneous Literary.","The subseries about Eastern Approachescontains a typed manuscript (Setting copy) with corrections, including an unpublished introduction; some material omitted from the published version including his admiration for a Soviet army unit, comments on the Cetniks, and conversations with King George VI and Winston Churchill and King Peter of Yugoslavia; letters from Michael Adeane, Secretary to King George VI and Winston Churchill requesting that certain passages be omitted; a letter from Peter Fleming to Jonathan Cape offering his opinion of the book, a letter from Ian Fleming to Jonathan Cape and a note to Maclean.","Other material includes correspondence with Jonathan Cape and other publishers about a new edition, correspondence with Douglas Fairbanks, Eric Ambler and others concerning a possible film version, and with Ian Curteis about a proposed television adaptation.","The Yugoslavia Subseries includes books: Disputed Barricade(1957), published in America as The Heretic, which includes an interview with Tito; Yugoslavia(1969), in which Maclean wrote the text for this book of photographs; Battle of Neretva(1970); and Tito: A Pictorial Biography(1980). Also present are articles from newspapers and magazines, 1947-1995, on Yugoslav politics and society, including interviews with Tito. Particularly interesting are two unpublished articles \"Whither Yugoslavia?\" written in 1989 based on interviews with Yugoslav politicians, including Slobodan Milosevic. There are also a number of book reviews of works by Julian Amery, William Deakin, Noel Malcolm and Misha Glenny and others.","In addition, the subseries on Yugoslavia contains lectures, 1949-1995; transcripts of radio and television programs, with related correspondence; and some interviews with Tito, notably The \"Life and Times of Marshal Tito\" (December 1963); and one for a CBS news program (1969).","The Russian Material Subseries contains drafts, correspondence, and research material for his books A Person from England(1958), including several autograph letters,1827-1861, of Dr. Joseph Wolff, one of the English travelers chronicled in the book; Back to Bokhara(1959); Holy Russia(1978); drafts titled \"All the Russias\" and \"The Other Russias,\" which were the basis for To the Back of Beyond(1974), To Caucasus: End of All the Earth(1976); and Holy Russia(1978) which completed the trilogy; Portrait of the Soviet Union(1988), including material for both the book and the related TBS television series since Maclean was working on these simultaneously; and All the Russias(1992). Correspondents include Pamela Harriman, Marietta Tree and Fitzgerald Bemiss.","In addition to his books about Russia and the Soviet Union, his papers also contain articles, 1949-1995 on political, social, economic, cultural aspects of the former Soviet Union, a number on Georgia and the Caucasus, and Mikhail Gorbachev; book reviews, 1949-1994; and radio and television material, such as correspondence and transcripts for programs, including \"The End of All the Earth\" and \"Carnival in the Caucasus\"; interviews with Anna Mikhailovna Larina (Bukharin's widow) and others for the BBC \"Timewatch\" program \"Bukharin.\"","The subseries concerning his Scotland material includes books, A Concise History of Scotland(1970); Isles of the Sea(1985); Bonnie Prince Charlie(1988); and Highlanders(originally titled Clans) (1995). Material for the book and television series are combined since Maclean was working on them simultaneously. Among the articles on Scotland is a notable series \"Scottish Approaches\" which appeared in The Scotsmanin 1959.","The last subseries in Maclean's Literary Papers consists of miscellaneous literary material, including material for the book Take Nine Spies. There is also correspondence with publishers in which he discusses more than one book, and with his literary agents.","Articles are arranged chronologically, and topics range from post World War II Japan, Korea, Italy, the Middle East, and defense policy to China and Mongolia in the 1960's, an extended trip to China in 1988, and his travels in Nepal, Tibet, and Oman in the 1990's. There are also articles about his military, diplomatic, political and literary career, his travels, and personal life, and note that others are contained in two scrapbooks. The radio and television material includes his commentaries on the international scene from 1946 on.","Photographic Material comprises the third series, which contains twenty-four boxes of photographs (some in albums), contact sheets, negatives, and slides, taken by Maclean, primarily of his travels in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Asia, from 1938 through the 1990's. Especially noteworthy are those taken in Moscow, Leningrad, and Central Asia, including Afghanistan, the cities Bokhara and Samarkand, and Persia, Paris and Florence in the late 1930's, Yugoslavia during World War II, postwar Korean and China, and of Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Iran in the early 1950's. Maclean visited the former Soviet Union frequently from the late 1950's through 1987 and took numerous photographs of his favorite regions, Central Asia and the Caucasus, particularly Georgia.","As for Yugoslavia, there is an album dated 1953 labeled Namanevru Jugoslovenska Narodne, Armije (Yugoslav People's Army) with photographs of Tito, Maclean, and soldiers; and photographs from the early 1960's through 1980 including a number of photographs of Tito. Individuals subjects include Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There are also many family photographs taken at Maclean's homes Beechfield and Strachur, and of friends. The photographs used in Eastern Approaches, Disputed Barricade, A Person from England, and Bonnie Prince Charlieare also in this section.\n \n The fourth series consists of two small additions to the papers and include some correpondence files, such as congratulatory letters about his appointment as Under Secretary for War in 1954 and his Baronetcy in 1957, his letters published in the press, and the Great Britain-USSR Association; files on his participation in various conferences concerning Yugoslavia and War War II; election campaign materials of Maclean; Notebooks, including \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June); news articles; speeches by Maclean, including printed speeches published in \"Parliamentary Debates\"; passports; pocket and desk diaries; first drafts of \"Eastern Approaches\"; a file on guerilla warfare; a copy of a 1938 Report on Central Asia by Maclean; and Veronica Maclean's description about her first meeting with Josip Broz Tito in 1947."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"language_ssim":["Materials are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules"],"total_component_count_is":763,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:18.647Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_838.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/103243","title_filing_ssi":"Maclean, Sir Fitzroy, papers","title_ssm":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"title_tesim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1827-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1827-1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1827/1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996"],"text":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996","MSS 11487","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/838","letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs","Collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged in four main series, with various subseries:","Series I: Career and Personal Papers (Boxes 1-11)","Subseries A: Diplomatic Service (Box 1)","Subseries B: British Military Mission to Yugoslavia (Boxes 1-2)","Subseries C: Special Refugee Commission (Boxes 2-3)","Subseries D: Political Correspondence (Box 3)","Subseries E: VIP Material (Boxes 3-4)","Subseries F: Yugoslavia \u0026 Tito Related Material (Boxes 4-8)","Subseries G: Family \u0026 Personal Papers (Boxes 9-10)","Subseries H: Honors \u0026 Decorations (Boxes 10- 11)","Series II: Literary Papers - Books, Television \u0026 Radio Scripts, Articles, etc.","Subseries A: Eastern Approaches Material (Boxes 12-15)","Subseries B: Yugoslavia Related Material, including Books (Boxes 15-21); and Articles, Book Reviews, Lectures, Radio \u0026 Television, \u0026 Research (Boxes 21-26)","Subseries C: Russia \u0026 the Former Soviet Union Material, including Books (Boxes 26-40); Articles (Boxes 41-43); Book Reviews \u0026 Lectures (Boxes 43-45); and Radio \u0026 Television (Boxes 45-46)","Subseries D: Scotland Material, including Books (Boxes 46-57), Highlanders Television Series (Boxes 57-58), and Articles, Book Reviews and Lectures (Boxes 59-60)","Subseries E: Miscellaneous Literary Material, including Take Nine Spies (Boxes 60-63), Articles (Boxes 64-66); Book Reviews, Introductions, Lectures \u0026 Speeches and Literary Correspondence (Boxes 67-68); and Radio and Television (Boxes 68-69)","Series III: Photographic Material (Boxes 70-93)","Series IV: Sir Fitzroy Maclean Additional Papers (Boxes 94-102","Fitzroy Hew Royle Maclean was born in 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to Charles Maclean, a major in the British army, and Gladys Royle Maclean. He was raised in Scotland, India, and Italy and attended Eton (1924-28), the University of Marburg in Germany (1929), and Kings' College, Cambridge (1929-32) where he won a senior scholarship and first class honors. He entered the Foreign Office in 1934 and was first posted to Paris, and then to Moscow in 1937 where he served as the Third Secretary in the British Embassy. Stalin's purges were at their height during Maclean's two years in the Soviet Union, and he was present at the state trial of Nikolai Bukharin in 1938. He also made journeys to remote areas of the Soviet Union such as Central Asia and the Caucasus where few if any foreigners had been for many years. In 1939 he returned to London and worked in the Foreign Office on Russian affairs.","When World War II broke out, he wanted to enlist in the military, but as a diplomat was in a \"reserved\" position and was not allowed to do so. He learned that the only way to be released from the Foreign Office was to declare himself a candidate for Parliament, and so he was returned for the constituency of Lancaster at a by-election in 1941. He joined the Cameron Highlanders regiment in the British army as a private, and then the new Special Air Service (SAS) and served in the Western Desert, where he participated in the raid on Benghazi along with SAS founder David Stirling and Randolph Churchill, and foiled a coup in Persia by kidnapping General Zahidi who had collaborated with the Germans.","In July 1943 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Maclean to serve as his personal representative and Brigadier commanding a British Military Mission to Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Communist Partisans in German-occupied Yugoslavia. At this stage of the war, there was a debate in the British government over which Yugoslav resistance group it should support - Tito's Partisans or Draza Mihalovich's Cetniks. In September Maclean was dropped by parachute into Bosnia and met Tito, and subsequently reported to Churchill that the Partisans were the more effective fighting force and would benefit from additional British and American aid. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to withdraw from Yugoslavia Maclean planned \"Operation Ratweek\" for the first week of September, a coordinated Allied and Partisan attack on enemy communications which proved quite successful. In the course of his mission, which lasted until 1945, he became a friend and admirer of Tito. In 1947 Maclean was asked to head the Special Refugee Commission which had the sensitive task of screening of tens of thousands of Yugoslav and Ukrainian Displaced Persons, some of whom were alleged to have committed war crimes, in Italy and Austria.","After completing this assignment, Maclean focused on politics, representing Lancaster until 1959 and Bute and North Ayrshire from 1959-1974, and served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for War from 1954-1957. He was chairman of the Committee of the North Atlantic Assembly from 1964-1974. Maclean's friendship with Tito and frequent visits to Yugoslavia allowed him to play a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav relations. In the 1960's he purchased a home on the island of Korcula, becoming one of the few foreigners allowed to own property in Yugoslavia. Maclean also maintained a keen interest in the Soviet Union where he traveled extensively and he served as chairman of the Great Britain-USSR Association. He lectured frequently in the United Kingdom and the United States on Yugoslav and Soviet affairs.","Maclean's literary career was launched in 1949 with the publication of Eastern Approaches, a memoir of his experiences as a diplomat and soldier, which was acclaimed by critics and became a best-seller. This was followed in 1957 by a biography of Tito, Disputed Barricade, A Person from England(1958), describing the adventures of English travelers in Central Asia, and in 1958, Back to Bokhara(1959), and a number of books, articles and book reviews on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other subjects.","A third focal point of his writing was Scotland, and he published A Concise History of Scotland, (1970), The Isles of the Sea, a collection of West Highland folk tales (1985), Bonnie Prince Charlie, (1988) and Highlanders(1995). Along with establishing a reputation as the author of entertaining and informative works that blended his travel experiences and historical research, he turned his attention to radio and television, working on a number of documentary programs including The Road to Samarkandand The Life and Times of Marshal Titoand two major series. Portrait of the Soviet Unionand Highlanders.","Maclean was made a baronet in 1957 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1993, and was the recipient of many honors and decorations including the Commander of the British Empire, the Croix de Guerre, the Order of Kutusov, and the Partisan Star, and several honorary degrees.","In 1946 Maclean married a widow with two children, Veronica (Fraser) Phipps, daughter of the 16th Lord Lovat. They had two sons, James and Charles. In 1957 the Macleans purchased Strachur, an estate in Argyllshire in the Scottish Highlands, and later operated a hotel on the estate, the Creggans Inn, which became known for its good food, drink, and hospitality. Maclean continued to be extremely active into his eighties and kept up a busy schedule of writing, lecturing and traveling. He died of a heart attack while swimming at a friend's house in June 1996. In Maclean's later years, there was speculation that he had been the inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond.","This Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.","Maclean is best known for his role during World War II as head of the British military mission to Yugoslavia in which he served as Winston Churchill's personal representative to leader of the Communist Partisans, Josip Broz Tito, his diplomatic service in the Soviet Union in the late 1930's, and as the author of the classic memoir Eastern Approaches (1949) and many other books and articles. After the war, he pursued a political career as a Conservative member of Parliament, and, based on his close relationship with Tito, played a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav affairs. He was also noted for his expertise on the Soviet Union.","A third focal point of his life and career was Scotland: he was a proud member of Clan Maclean and wrote several works on Scottish history, biography, and folklore. The collection contains some material in Serbo-Croatian, German, Italian and French.","The papers are arranged in four main series with various sub-series. Items of particular interest in the First Series, Career and Personal Papers, are described in the following paragraphs devoted to each subseries. In the Diplomatic Subseries are dispatches and memoranda of his trips through Central Asia (including Afghanistan and the ancient cities Bokhara and Samarkand) and the Caucasus, on the situation in Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the political stability of the Soviet Union, 1937-1939.","The subseries British Military Mission to Yugoslavia contains Winston Churchill's Minute concerning his Mission to Tito, Autograph Diary (2 pages) re his arrival in Yugoslavia, \"Ratweek\" Map (oversize), twelve files (labeled Top Secret) including memoranda, correspondence, telegrams, etc concerning military and political affairs such as Allied operations and aid to Tito's Partisans, formation of the Yugoslav government, relief, the visit of Field Marshal Alexander, Supreme Allied Commander to Belgrade, Macedonia, Prospect of South Slav federation, and correspondence with Evelyn Waugh.","The Special Refugee Commission subseries contains correspondence, telegrams, reports, including one submitted to Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, articles, and a draft of a speech on the refugee problems to a parliamentary committee.","Political correspondence includes papers concerning the Lancaster by-election of 1941, the general election of 1945, and correspondence with Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas- Home, Peter Carrington, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Robert Kennedy, John Lindsay, Henry Jackson, and Averell Harriman ; a memorandum to Field Marshal Alexander of Tunis concerning irregular warfare; and correspondence and memoranda related to a parliamentary delegation to Romania in 1973.","Material in the VIP Subseries includes: letters and notes from members of the Royal Family including Prince Charles, Princess Margaret, Elizabeth the Queen Mother; Clementine Churchill and Mary Churchill Soames; and a thank you note from Lauren Bacall.","The Yugoslavia and Tito Subseries contains significant material including memoranda of meetings with Tito in 1949,1950, 1953, 1968, 1973; informative accounts by Maclean and other British officers about the Military Mission in World War II for an official book published by Muzej AVNOJ (1970-1971); correspondence about Maclean's involvement in proposals for the publication of Tito's memoirs (1966-1977) and about the nomination of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize (1972-1973); correspondence and papers by Maclean and others from a conference on British Policy and Resistance in the Balkans (1973); Briefing papers, correspondence and memoranda of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Yugoslavia in 1977, and correspondence and memorabilia pertaining to the Prince of Wales' visit in 1978; correspondence about Maclean's visit in 1989 and transcript of an interview with Prime Minister Ante Markovic.","For the 1990's, the time of war and the dissolution of Yugoslavia , there is correspondence with David Owen, Stevan Dedijer and others, and about the Korcula Emergency Appeal, a relief effort for a hospital on the island of Korcula, Croatia, organized by the Macleans; letters from Yugoslav friends describing the turmoil , and/or seeking assistance in finding jobs in the United Kingdom; correspondence about renewed controversy about the British Military Mission in World War II. and the Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case concerning the repatriation of Yugoslavs in 1945. It should also be noted that in Series II, Subseries B, Literary Material pertaining to Yugoslavia, there is some correspondence filed with the manuscripts, typescripts, articles and radio and television transcripts.","The Subseries Family and Personal Papers has letters from friends and teachers, some in German, French, and Italian. In a significant group of letters to his parents (1939-1945) from London, Cairo, Belgrade, and elsewhere, Maclean discussed the international situation, his desire to leave the Foreign Office in order to join the army, life in London during the Blitz, the beginning of his political career, and his military service (some letters were extensively cut by the censors). There are also a number of letters to his parents from the years 1946-1955 from Maclean and his wife Veronica discussing family matters and living conditions in Italy and Austria while Maclean was directing the Special Refugee Commission, and about their travels in Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey in the early 1950's.","Also present is correspondence with Frank McLynn, his biographer, 1990-1994, and two scrapbooks. The blue scrapbook (1939-1951) includes one letter of Maclean to his aunt, newspaper clippings relating to his military service in Yugoslavia, his marriage, some articles by him, a few photographs. The red scrapbook, 1943-1946 also has newspaper clippings about his military service and political career and articles by him.","The Second Series consists of literary papers. This series contains drafts, typescripts, setting copies of his books with related correspondence with publishers and others about the publication process, contracts, royalty statements, book reviews, fan mail, articles, book reviews, speeches, lectures, transcripts of radio and television programs, film proposals or treatments. Several of his books were published under different titles in the United States. It is organized into five subseries based on subject matter. These include: Eastern Approaches(American title- Escape to Adventure); Yugoslavia (the country as originally constituted and also the new states that emerged in the 1990's); Russia and the former Soviet Union and the new nations post 1990); Scotland; and Miscellaneous Literary.","The subseries about Eastern Approachescontains a typed manuscript (Setting copy) with corrections, including an unpublished introduction; some material omitted from the published version including his admiration for a Soviet army unit, comments on the Cetniks, and conversations with King George VI and Winston Churchill and King Peter of Yugoslavia; letters from Michael Adeane, Secretary to King George VI and Winston Churchill requesting that certain passages be omitted; a letter from Peter Fleming to Jonathan Cape offering his opinion of the book, a letter from Ian Fleming to Jonathan Cape and a note to Maclean.","Other material includes correspondence with Jonathan Cape and other publishers about a new edition, correspondence with Douglas Fairbanks, Eric Ambler and others concerning a possible film version, and with Ian Curteis about a proposed television adaptation.","The Yugoslavia Subseries includes books: Disputed Barricade(1957), published in America as The Heretic, which includes an interview with Tito; Yugoslavia(1969), in which Maclean wrote the text for this book of photographs; Battle of Neretva(1970); and Tito: A Pictorial Biography(1980). Also present are articles from newspapers and magazines, 1947-1995, on Yugoslav politics and society, including interviews with Tito. Particularly interesting are two unpublished articles \"Whither Yugoslavia?\" written in 1989 based on interviews with Yugoslav politicians, including Slobodan Milosevic. There are also a number of book reviews of works by Julian Amery, William Deakin, Noel Malcolm and Misha Glenny and others.","In addition, the subseries on Yugoslavia contains lectures, 1949-1995; transcripts of radio and television programs, with related correspondence; and some interviews with Tito, notably The \"Life and Times of Marshal Tito\" (December 1963); and one for a CBS news program (1969).","The Russian Material Subseries contains drafts, correspondence, and research material for his books A Person from England(1958), including several autograph letters,1827-1861, of Dr. Joseph Wolff, one of the English travelers chronicled in the book; Back to Bokhara(1959); Holy Russia(1978); drafts titled \"All the Russias\" and \"The Other Russias,\" which were the basis for To the Back of Beyond(1974), To Caucasus: End of All the Earth(1976); and Holy Russia(1978) which completed the trilogy; Portrait of the Soviet Union(1988), including material for both the book and the related TBS television series since Maclean was working on these simultaneously; and All the Russias(1992). Correspondents include Pamela Harriman, Marietta Tree and Fitzgerald Bemiss.","In addition to his books about Russia and the Soviet Union, his papers also contain articles, 1949-1995 on political, social, economic, cultural aspects of the former Soviet Union, a number on Georgia and the Caucasus, and Mikhail Gorbachev; book reviews, 1949-1994; and radio and television material, such as correspondence and transcripts for programs, including \"The End of All the Earth\" and \"Carnival in the Caucasus\"; interviews with Anna Mikhailovna Larina (Bukharin's widow) and others for the BBC \"Timewatch\" program \"Bukharin.\"","The subseries concerning his Scotland material includes books, A Concise History of Scotland(1970); Isles of the Sea(1985); Bonnie Prince Charlie(1988); and Highlanders(originally titled Clans) (1995). Material for the book and television series are combined since Maclean was working on them simultaneously. Among the articles on Scotland is a notable series \"Scottish Approaches\" which appeared in The Scotsmanin 1959.","The last subseries in Maclean's Literary Papers consists of miscellaneous literary material, including material for the book Take Nine Spies. There is also correspondence with publishers in which he discusses more than one book, and with his literary agents.","Articles are arranged chronologically, and topics range from post World War II Japan, Korea, Italy, the Middle East, and defense policy to China and Mongolia in the 1960's, an extended trip to China in 1988, and his travels in Nepal, Tibet, and Oman in the 1990's. There are also articles about his military, diplomatic, political and literary career, his travels, and personal life, and note that others are contained in two scrapbooks. The radio and television material includes his commentaries on the international scene from 1946 on.","Photographic Material comprises the third series, which contains twenty-four boxes of photographs (some in albums), contact sheets, negatives, and slides, taken by Maclean, primarily of his travels in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Asia, from 1938 through the 1990's. Especially noteworthy are those taken in Moscow, Leningrad, and Central Asia, including Afghanistan, the cities Bokhara and Samarkand, and Persia, Paris and Florence in the late 1930's, Yugoslavia during World War II, postwar Korean and China, and of Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Iran in the early 1950's. Maclean visited the former Soviet Union frequently from the late 1950's through 1987 and took numerous photographs of his favorite regions, Central Asia and the Caucasus, particularly Georgia.","As for Yugoslavia, there is an album dated 1953 labeled Namanevru Jugoslovenska Narodne, Armije (Yugoslav People's Army) with photographs of Tito, Maclean, and soldiers; and photographs from the early 1960's through 1980 including a number of photographs of Tito. Individuals subjects include Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There are also many family photographs taken at Maclean's homes Beechfield and Strachur, and of friends. The photographs used in Eastern Approaches, Disputed Barricade, A Person from England, and Bonnie Prince Charlieare also in this section.\n \n The fourth series consists of two small additions to the papers and include some correpondence files, such as congratulatory letters about his appointment as Under Secretary for War in 1954 and his Baronetcy in 1957, his letters published in the press, and the Great Britain-USSR Association; files on his participation in various conferences concerning Yugoslavia and War War II; election campaign materials of Maclean; Notebooks, including \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June); news articles; speeches by Maclean, including printed speeches published in \"Parliamentary Debates\"; passports; pocket and desk diaries; first drafts of \"Eastern Approaches\"; a file on guerilla warfare; a copy of a 1938 Report on Central Asia by Maclean; and Veronica Maclean's description about her first meeting with Josip Broz Tito in 1947.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996","Materials are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996"],"collection_ssim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, 1827/1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 11487","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/838"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 11487","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/838"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"creator_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by the University of Virginia Library on November 30, 1998. The first addition, consisting of the desk diaries of Sir Fitzroy Maclean (MSS 11487-a), was received on March 7, 2003, and the second addition (ViU20160030) was received on December 1, 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["44 Cubic Feet 102 document boxes, 2 os folders"],"extent_tesim":["44 Cubic Feet 102 document boxes, 2 os folders"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in four main series, with various subseries: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Career and Personal Papers (Boxes 1-11) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A: Diplomatic Service (Box 1) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B: British Military Mission to Yugoslavia (Boxes 1-2) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C: Special Refugee Commission (Boxes 2-3) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D: Political Correspondence (Box 3) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E: VIP Material (Boxes 3-4) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries F: Yugoslavia \u0026amp; Tito Related Material (Boxes 4-8) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries G: Family \u0026amp; Personal Papers (Boxes 9-10) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries H: Honors \u0026amp; Decorations (Boxes 10- 11) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Literary Papers - Books, Television \u0026amp; Radio Scripts, Articles, etc. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A: Eastern Approaches Material (Boxes 12-15) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B: Yugoslavia Related Material, including Books (Boxes 15-21); and Articles, Book Reviews, Lectures, Radio \u0026amp; Television, \u0026amp; Research (Boxes 21-26) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C: Russia \u0026amp; the Former Soviet Union Material, including Books (Boxes 26-40); Articles (Boxes 41-43); Book Reviews \u0026amp; Lectures (Boxes 43-45); and Radio \u0026amp; Television (Boxes 45-46) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D: Scotland Material, including Books (Boxes 46-57), Highlanders Television Series (Boxes 57-58), and Articles, Book Reviews and Lectures (Boxes 59-60) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E: Miscellaneous Literary Material, including Take Nine Spies (Boxes 60-63), Articles (Boxes 64-66); Book Reviews, Introductions, Lectures \u0026amp; Speeches and Literary Correspondence (Boxes 67-68); and Radio and Television (Boxes 68-69) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Photographic Material (Boxes 70-93)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Sir Fitzroy Maclean Additional Papers (Boxes 94-102 \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in four main series, with various subseries:","Series I: Career and Personal Papers (Boxes 1-11)","Subseries A: Diplomatic Service (Box 1)","Subseries B: British Military Mission to Yugoslavia (Boxes 1-2)","Subseries C: Special Refugee Commission (Boxes 2-3)","Subseries D: Political Correspondence (Box 3)","Subseries E: VIP Material (Boxes 3-4)","Subseries F: Yugoslavia \u0026 Tito Related Material (Boxes 4-8)","Subseries G: Family \u0026 Personal Papers (Boxes 9-10)","Subseries H: Honors \u0026 Decorations (Boxes 10- 11)","Series II: Literary Papers - Books, Television \u0026 Radio Scripts, Articles, etc.","Subseries A: Eastern Approaches Material (Boxes 12-15)","Subseries B: Yugoslavia Related Material, including Books (Boxes 15-21); and Articles, Book Reviews, Lectures, Radio \u0026 Television, \u0026 Research (Boxes 21-26)","Subseries C: Russia \u0026 the Former Soviet Union Material, including Books (Boxes 26-40); Articles (Boxes 41-43); Book Reviews \u0026 Lectures (Boxes 43-45); and Radio \u0026 Television (Boxes 45-46)","Subseries D: Scotland Material, including Books (Boxes 46-57), Highlanders Television Series (Boxes 57-58), and Articles, Book Reviews and Lectures (Boxes 59-60)","Subseries E: Miscellaneous Literary Material, including Take Nine Spies (Boxes 60-63), Articles (Boxes 64-66); Book Reviews, Introductions, Lectures \u0026 Speeches and Literary Correspondence (Boxes 67-68); and Radio and Television (Boxes 68-69)","Series III: Photographic Material (Boxes 70-93)","Series IV: Sir Fitzroy Maclean Additional Papers (Boxes 94-102"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFitzroy Hew Royle Maclean was born in 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to Charles Maclean, a major in the British army, and Gladys Royle Maclean. He was raised in Scotland, India, and Italy and attended Eton (1924-28), the University of Marburg in Germany (1929), and Kings' College, Cambridge (1929-32) where he won a senior scholarship and first class honors. He entered the Foreign Office in 1934 and was first posted to Paris, and then to Moscow in 1937 where he served as the Third Secretary in the British Embassy. Stalin's purges were at their height during Maclean's two years in the Soviet Union, and he was present at the state trial of Nikolai Bukharin in 1938. He also made journeys to remote areas of the Soviet Union such as Central Asia and the Caucasus where few if any foreigners had been for many years. In 1939 he returned to London and worked in the Foreign Office on Russian affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e When World War II broke out, he wanted to enlist in the military, but as a diplomat was in a \"reserved\" position and was not allowed to do so. He learned that the only way to be released from the Foreign Office was to declare himself a candidate for Parliament, and so he was returned for the constituency of Lancaster at a by-election in 1941. He joined the Cameron Highlanders regiment in the British army as a private, and then the new Special Air Service (SAS) and served in the Western Desert, where he participated in the raid on Benghazi along with SAS founder David Stirling and Randolph Churchill, and foiled a coup in Persia by kidnapping General Zahidi who had collaborated with the Germans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In July 1943 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Maclean to serve as his personal representative and Brigadier commanding a British Military Mission to Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Communist Partisans in German-occupied Yugoslavia. At this stage of the war, there was a debate in the British government over which Yugoslav resistance group it should support - Tito's Partisans or Draza Mihalovich's Cetniks. In September Maclean was dropped by parachute into Bosnia and met Tito, and subsequently reported to Churchill that the Partisans were the more effective fighting force and would benefit from additional British and American aid. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to withdraw from Yugoslavia Maclean planned \"Operation Ratweek\" for the first week of September, a coordinated Allied and Partisan attack on enemy communications which proved quite successful. In the course of his mission, which lasted until 1945, he became a friend and admirer of Tito. In 1947 Maclean was asked to head the Special Refugee Commission which had the sensitive task of screening of tens of thousands of Yugoslav and Ukrainian Displaced Persons, some of whom were alleged to have committed war crimes, in Italy and Austria.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e After completing this assignment, Maclean focused on politics, representing Lancaster until 1959 and Bute and North Ayrshire from 1959-1974, and served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for War from 1954-1957. He was chairman of the Committee of the North Atlantic Assembly from 1964-1974. Maclean's friendship with Tito and frequent visits to Yugoslavia allowed him to play a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav relations. In the 1960's he purchased a home on the island of Korcula, becoming one of the few foreigners allowed to own property in Yugoslavia. Maclean also maintained a keen interest in the Soviet Union where he traveled extensively and he served as chairman of the Great Britain-USSR Association. He lectured frequently in the United Kingdom and the United States on Yugoslav and Soviet affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Maclean's literary career was launched in 1949 with the publication of Eastern Approaches, a memoir of his experiences as a diplomat and soldier, which was acclaimed by critics and became a best-seller. This was followed in 1957 by a biography of Tito, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDisputed Barricade, A Person from England\u003c/title\u003e(1958), describing the adventures of English travelers in Central Asia, and in 1958, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBack to Bokhara\u003c/title\u003e(1959), and a number of books, articles and book reviews on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other subjects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A third focal point of his writing was Scotland, and he published \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Concise History of Scotland\u003c/title\u003e, (1970), \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Isles of the Sea\u003c/title\u003e, a collection of West Highland folk tales (1985), \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBonnie Prince Charlie\u003c/title\u003e, (1988) and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHighlanders\u003c/title\u003e(1995). Along with establishing a reputation as the author of entertaining and informative works that blended his travel experiences and historical research, he turned his attention to radio and television, working on a number of documentary programs including \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Road to Samarkand\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Life and Times of Marshal Tito\u003c/title\u003eand two major series. \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003ePortrait of the Soviet Union\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHighlanders\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Maclean was made a baronet in 1957 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1993, and was the recipient of many honors and decorations including the Commander of the British Empire, the Croix de Guerre, the Order of Kutusov, and the Partisan Star, and several honorary degrees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1946 Maclean married a widow with two children, Veronica (Fraser) Phipps, daughter of the 16th Lord Lovat. They had two sons, James and Charles. In 1957 the Macleans purchased Strachur, an estate in Argyllshire in the Scottish Highlands, and later operated a hotel on the estate, the Creggans Inn, which became known for its good food, drink, and hospitality. Maclean continued to be extremely active into his eighties and kept up a busy schedule of writing, lecturing and traveling. He died of a heart attack while swimming at a friend's house in June 1996. In Maclean's later years, there was speculation that he had been the inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Fitzroy Hew Royle Maclean was born in 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to Charles Maclean, a major in the British army, and Gladys Royle Maclean. He was raised in Scotland, India, and Italy and attended Eton (1924-28), the University of Marburg in Germany (1929), and Kings' College, Cambridge (1929-32) where he won a senior scholarship and first class honors. He entered the Foreign Office in 1934 and was first posted to Paris, and then to Moscow in 1937 where he served as the Third Secretary in the British Embassy. Stalin's purges were at their height during Maclean's two years in the Soviet Union, and he was present at the state trial of Nikolai Bukharin in 1938. He also made journeys to remote areas of the Soviet Union such as Central Asia and the Caucasus where few if any foreigners had been for many years. In 1939 he returned to London and worked in the Foreign Office on Russian affairs.","When World War II broke out, he wanted to enlist in the military, but as a diplomat was in a \"reserved\" position and was not allowed to do so. He learned that the only way to be released from the Foreign Office was to declare himself a candidate for Parliament, and so he was returned for the constituency of Lancaster at a by-election in 1941. He joined the Cameron Highlanders regiment in the British army as a private, and then the new Special Air Service (SAS) and served in the Western Desert, where he participated in the raid on Benghazi along with SAS founder David Stirling and Randolph Churchill, and foiled a coup in Persia by kidnapping General Zahidi who had collaborated with the Germans.","In July 1943 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Maclean to serve as his personal representative and Brigadier commanding a British Military Mission to Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Communist Partisans in German-occupied Yugoslavia. At this stage of the war, there was a debate in the British government over which Yugoslav resistance group it should support - Tito's Partisans or Draza Mihalovich's Cetniks. In September Maclean was dropped by parachute into Bosnia and met Tito, and subsequently reported to Churchill that the Partisans were the more effective fighting force and would benefit from additional British and American aid. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to withdraw from Yugoslavia Maclean planned \"Operation Ratweek\" for the first week of September, a coordinated Allied and Partisan attack on enemy communications which proved quite successful. In the course of his mission, which lasted until 1945, he became a friend and admirer of Tito. In 1947 Maclean was asked to head the Special Refugee Commission which had the sensitive task of screening of tens of thousands of Yugoslav and Ukrainian Displaced Persons, some of whom were alleged to have committed war crimes, in Italy and Austria.","After completing this assignment, Maclean focused on politics, representing Lancaster until 1959 and Bute and North Ayrshire from 1959-1974, and served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for War from 1954-1957. He was chairman of the Committee of the North Atlantic Assembly from 1964-1974. Maclean's friendship with Tito and frequent visits to Yugoslavia allowed him to play a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav relations. In the 1960's he purchased a home on the island of Korcula, becoming one of the few foreigners allowed to own property in Yugoslavia. Maclean also maintained a keen interest in the Soviet Union where he traveled extensively and he served as chairman of the Great Britain-USSR Association. He lectured frequently in the United Kingdom and the United States on Yugoslav and Soviet affairs.","Maclean's literary career was launched in 1949 with the publication of Eastern Approaches, a memoir of his experiences as a diplomat and soldier, which was acclaimed by critics and became a best-seller. This was followed in 1957 by a biography of Tito, Disputed Barricade, A Person from England(1958), describing the adventures of English travelers in Central Asia, and in 1958, Back to Bokhara(1959), and a number of books, articles and book reviews on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other subjects.","A third focal point of his writing was Scotland, and he published A Concise History of Scotland, (1970), The Isles of the Sea, a collection of West Highland folk tales (1985), Bonnie Prince Charlie, (1988) and Highlanders(1995). Along with establishing a reputation as the author of entertaining and informative works that blended his travel experiences and historical research, he turned his attention to radio and television, working on a number of documentary programs including The Road to Samarkandand The Life and Times of Marshal Titoand two major series. Portrait of the Soviet Unionand Highlanders.","Maclean was made a baronet in 1957 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1993, and was the recipient of many honors and decorations including the Commander of the British Empire, the Croix de Guerre, the Order of Kutusov, and the Partisan Star, and several honorary degrees.","In 1946 Maclean married a widow with two children, Veronica (Fraser) Phipps, daughter of the 16th Lord Lovat. They had two sons, James and Charles. In 1957 the Macleans purchased Strachur, an estate in Argyllshire in the Scottish Highlands, and later operated a hotel on the estate, the Creggans Inn, which became known for its good food, drink, and hospitality. Maclean continued to be extremely active into his eighties and kept up a busy schedule of writing, lecturing and traveling. He died of a heart attack while swimming at a friend's house in June 1996. In Maclean's later years, there was speculation that he had been the inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 11487 Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 11487 Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaclean is best known for his role during World War II as head of the British military mission to Yugoslavia in which he served as Winston Churchill's personal representative to leader of the Communist Partisans, Josip Broz Tito, his diplomatic service in the Soviet Union in the late 1930's, and as the author of the classic memoir Eastern Approaches (1949) and many other books and articles. After the war, he pursued a political career as a Conservative member of Parliament, and, based on his close relationship with Tito, played a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav affairs. He was also noted for his expertise on the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A third focal point of his life and career was Scotland: he was a proud member of Clan Maclean and wrote several works on Scottish history, biography, and folklore. The collection contains some material in Serbo-Croatian, German, Italian and French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The papers are arranged in four main series with various sub-series. Items of particular interest in the First Series, Career and Personal Papers, are described in the following paragraphs devoted to each subseries. In the Diplomatic Subseries are dispatches and memoranda of his trips through Central Asia (including Afghanistan and the ancient cities Bokhara and Samarkand) and the Caucasus, on the situation in Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the political stability of the Soviet Union, 1937-1939.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The subseries British Military Mission to Yugoslavia contains Winston Churchill's Minute concerning his Mission to Tito, Autograph Diary (2 pages) re his arrival in Yugoslavia, \"Ratweek\" Map (oversize), twelve files (labeled Top Secret) including memoranda, correspondence, telegrams, etc concerning military and political affairs such as Allied operations and aid to Tito's Partisans, formation of the Yugoslav government, relief, the visit of Field Marshal Alexander, Supreme Allied Commander to Belgrade, Macedonia, Prospect of South Slav federation, and correspondence with Evelyn Waugh.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Special Refugee Commission subseries contains correspondence, telegrams, reports, including one submitted to Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, articles, and a draft of a speech on the refugee problems to a parliamentary committee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Political correspondence includes papers concerning the Lancaster by-election of 1941, the general election of 1945, and correspondence with Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas- Home, Peter Carrington, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Robert Kennedy, John Lindsay, Henry Jackson, and Averell Harriman ; a memorandum to Field Marshal Alexander of Tunis concerning irregular warfare; and correspondence and memoranda related to a parliamentary delegation to Romania in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Material in the VIP Subseries includes: letters and notes from members of the Royal Family including Prince Charles, Princess Margaret, Elizabeth the Queen Mother; Clementine Churchill and Mary Churchill Soames; and a thank you note from Lauren Bacall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Yugoslavia and Tito Subseries contains significant material including memoranda of meetings with Tito in 1949,1950, 1953, 1968, 1973; informative accounts by Maclean and other British officers about the Military Mission in World War II for an official book published by Muzej AVNOJ (1970-1971); correspondence about Maclean's involvement in proposals for the publication of Tito's memoirs (1966-1977) and about the nomination of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize (1972-1973); correspondence and papers by Maclean and others from a conference on British Policy and Resistance in the Balkans (1973); Briefing papers, correspondence and memoranda of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Yugoslavia in 1977, and correspondence and memorabilia pertaining to the Prince of Wales' visit in 1978; correspondence about Maclean's visit in 1989 and transcript of an interview with Prime Minister Ante Markovic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e For the 1990's, the time of war and the dissolution of Yugoslavia , there is correspondence with David Owen, Stevan Dedijer and others, and about the Korcula Emergency Appeal, a relief effort for a hospital on the island of Korcula, Croatia, organized by the Macleans; letters from Yugoslav friends describing the turmoil , and/or seeking assistance in finding jobs in the United Kingdom; correspondence about renewed controversy about the British Military Mission in World War II. and the Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case concerning the repatriation of Yugoslavs in 1945. It should also be noted that in Series II, Subseries B, Literary Material pertaining to Yugoslavia, there is some correspondence filed with the manuscripts, typescripts, articles and radio and television transcripts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Subseries Family and Personal Papers has letters from friends and teachers, some in German, French, and Italian. In a significant group of letters to his parents (1939-1945) from London, Cairo, Belgrade, and elsewhere, Maclean discussed the international situation, his desire to leave the Foreign Office in order to join the army, life in London during the Blitz, the beginning of his political career, and his military service (some letters were extensively cut by the censors). There are also a number of letters to his parents from the years 1946-1955 from Maclean and his wife Veronica discussing family matters and living conditions in Italy and Austria while Maclean was directing the Special Refugee Commission, and about their travels in Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey in the early 1950's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Also present is correspondence with Frank McLynn, his biographer, 1990-1994, and two scrapbooks. The blue scrapbook (1939-1951) includes one letter of Maclean to his aunt, newspaper clippings relating to his military service in Yugoslavia, his marriage, some articles by him, a few photographs. The red scrapbook, 1943-1946 also has newspaper clippings about his military service and political career and articles by him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Second Series consists of literary papers. This series contains drafts, typescripts, setting copies of his books with related correspondence with publishers and others about the publication process, contracts, royalty statements, book reviews, fan mail, articles, book reviews, speeches, lectures, transcripts of radio and television programs, film proposals or treatments. Several of his books were published under different titles in the United States. It is organized into five subseries based on subject matter. These include: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003e(American title- \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEscape to Adventure\u003c/title\u003e); Yugoslavia (the country as originally constituted and also the new states that emerged in the 1990's); Russia and the former Soviet Union and the new nations post 1990); Scotland; and Miscellaneous Literary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The subseries about \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003econtains a typed manuscript (Setting copy) with corrections, including an unpublished introduction; some material omitted from the published version including his admiration for a Soviet army unit, comments on the Cetniks, and conversations with King George VI and Winston Churchill and King Peter of Yugoslavia; letters from Michael Adeane, Secretary to King George VI and Winston Churchill requesting that certain passages be omitted; a letter from Peter Fleming to Jonathan Cape offering his opinion of the book, a letter from Ian Fleming to Jonathan Cape and a note to Maclean.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Other material includes correspondence with Jonathan Cape and other publishers about a new edition, correspondence with Douglas Fairbanks, Eric Ambler and others concerning a possible film version, and with Ian Curteis about a proposed television adaptation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Yugoslavia Subseries includes books: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDisputed Barricade\u003c/title\u003e(1957), published in America as \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Heretic\u003c/title\u003e, which includes an interview with Tito; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eYugoslavia\u003c/title\u003e(1969), in which Maclean wrote the text for this book of photographs; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBattle of Neretva\u003c/title\u003e(1970); and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTito: A Pictorial Biography\u003c/title\u003e(1980). Also present are articles from newspapers and magazines, 1947-1995, on Yugoslav politics and society, including interviews with Tito. Particularly interesting are two unpublished articles \"Whither Yugoslavia?\" written in 1989 based on interviews with Yugoslav politicians, including Slobodan Milosevic. There are also a number of book reviews of works by Julian Amery, William Deakin, Noel Malcolm and Misha Glenny and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In addition, the subseries on Yugoslavia contains lectures, 1949-1995; transcripts of radio and television programs, with related correspondence; and some interviews with Tito, notably The \"Life and Times of Marshal Tito\" (December 1963); and one for a CBS news program (1969).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Russian Material Subseries contains drafts, correspondence, and research material for his books \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Person from England\u003c/title\u003e(1958), including several autograph letters,1827-1861, of Dr. Joseph Wolff, one of the English travelers chronicled in the book; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBack to Bokhara\u003c/title\u003e(1959); \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHoly Russia\u003c/title\u003e(1978); drafts titled \"All the Russias\" and \"The Other Russias,\" which were the basis for \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTo the Back of Beyond\u003c/title\u003e(1974), \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTo Caucasus: End of All the Earth\u003c/title\u003e(1976); and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHoly Russia\u003c/title\u003e(1978) which completed the trilogy; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003ePortrait of the Soviet Union\u003c/title\u003e(1988), including material for both the book and the related TBS television series since Maclean was working on these simultaneously; and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAll the Russias\u003c/title\u003e(1992). Correspondents include Pamela Harriman, Marietta Tree and Fitzgerald Bemiss.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In addition to his books about Russia and the Soviet Union, his papers also contain articles, 1949-1995 on political, social, economic, cultural aspects of the former Soviet Union, a number on Georgia and the Caucasus, and Mikhail Gorbachev; book reviews, 1949-1994; and radio and television material, such as correspondence and transcripts for programs, including \"The End of All the Earth\" and \"Carnival in the Caucasus\"; interviews with Anna Mikhailovna Larina (Bukharin's widow) and others for the BBC \"Timewatch\" program \"Bukharin.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The subseries concerning his Scotland material includes books, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Concise History of Scotland\u003c/title\u003e(1970); \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eIsles of the Sea\u003c/title\u003e(1985); \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBonnie Prince Charlie\u003c/title\u003e(1988); and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHighlanders\u003c/title\u003e(originally titled \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eClans\u003c/title\u003e) (1995). Material for the book and television series are combined since Maclean was working on them simultaneously. Among the articles on Scotland is a notable series \"Scottish Approaches\" which appeared in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Scotsman\u003c/title\u003ein 1959.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The last subseries in Maclean's Literary Papers consists of miscellaneous literary material, including material for the book \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTake Nine Spies\u003c/title\u003e. There is also correspondence with publishers in which he discusses more than one book, and with his literary agents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Articles are arranged chronologically, and topics range from post World War II Japan, Korea, Italy, the Middle East, and defense policy to China and Mongolia in the 1960's, an extended trip to China in 1988, and his travels in Nepal, Tibet, and Oman in the 1990's. There are also articles about his military, diplomatic, political and literary career, his travels, and personal life, and note that others are contained in two scrapbooks. The radio and television material includes his commentaries on the international scene from 1946 on.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Photographic Material comprises the third series, which contains twenty-four boxes of photographs (some in albums), contact sheets, negatives, and slides, taken by Maclean, primarily of his travels in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Asia, from 1938 through the 1990's. Especially noteworthy are those taken in Moscow, Leningrad, and Central Asia, including Afghanistan, the cities Bokhara and Samarkand, and Persia, Paris and Florence in the late 1930's, Yugoslavia during World War II, postwar Korean and China, and of Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Iran in the early 1950's. Maclean visited the former Soviet Union frequently from the late 1950's through 1987 and took numerous photographs of his favorite regions, Central Asia and the Caucasus, particularly Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e As for Yugoslavia, there is an album dated 1953 labeled Namanevru Jugoslovenska Narodne, Armije (Yugoslav People's Army) with photographs of Tito, Maclean, and soldiers; and photographs from the early 1960's through 1980 including a number of photographs of Tito. Individuals subjects include Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There are also many family photographs taken at Maclean's homes Beechfield and Strachur, and of friends. The photographs used in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDisputed Barricade\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Person from England\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBonnie Prince Charlie\u003c/title\u003eare also in this section.\n \n The fourth series consists of two small additions to the papers and include some correpondence files, such as congratulatory letters about his appointment as Under Secretary for War in 1954 and his Baronetcy in 1957, his letters published in the press, and the Great Britain-USSR Association; files on his participation in various conferences concerning Yugoslavia and War War II; election campaign materials of Maclean; Notebooks, including \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June); news articles; speeches by Maclean, including printed speeches published in \"Parliamentary Debates\"; passports; pocket and desk diaries; first drafts of \"Eastern Approaches\"; a file on guerilla warfare; a copy of a 1938 Report on Central Asia by Maclean; and Veronica Maclean's description about her first meeting with Josip Broz Tito in 1947.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents Note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.","Maclean is best known for his role during World War II as head of the British military mission to Yugoslavia in which he served as Winston Churchill's personal representative to leader of the Communist Partisans, Josip Broz Tito, his diplomatic service in the Soviet Union in the late 1930's, and as the author of the classic memoir Eastern Approaches (1949) and many other books and articles. After the war, he pursued a political career as a Conservative member of Parliament, and, based on his close relationship with Tito, played a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav affairs. He was also noted for his expertise on the Soviet Union.","A third focal point of his life and career was Scotland: he was a proud member of Clan Maclean and wrote several works on Scottish history, biography, and folklore. The collection contains some material in Serbo-Croatian, German, Italian and French.","The papers are arranged in four main series with various sub-series. Items of particular interest in the First Series, Career and Personal Papers, are described in the following paragraphs devoted to each subseries. In the Diplomatic Subseries are dispatches and memoranda of his trips through Central Asia (including Afghanistan and the ancient cities Bokhara and Samarkand) and the Caucasus, on the situation in Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the political stability of the Soviet Union, 1937-1939.","The subseries British Military Mission to Yugoslavia contains Winston Churchill's Minute concerning his Mission to Tito, Autograph Diary (2 pages) re his arrival in Yugoslavia, \"Ratweek\" Map (oversize), twelve files (labeled Top Secret) including memoranda, correspondence, telegrams, etc concerning military and political affairs such as Allied operations and aid to Tito's Partisans, formation of the Yugoslav government, relief, the visit of Field Marshal Alexander, Supreme Allied Commander to Belgrade, Macedonia, Prospect of South Slav federation, and correspondence with Evelyn Waugh.","The Special Refugee Commission subseries contains correspondence, telegrams, reports, including one submitted to Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, articles, and a draft of a speech on the refugee problems to a parliamentary committee.","Political correspondence includes papers concerning the Lancaster by-election of 1941, the general election of 1945, and correspondence with Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas- Home, Peter Carrington, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Robert Kennedy, John Lindsay, Henry Jackson, and Averell Harriman ; a memorandum to Field Marshal Alexander of Tunis concerning irregular warfare; and correspondence and memoranda related to a parliamentary delegation to Romania in 1973.","Material in the VIP Subseries includes: letters and notes from members of the Royal Family including Prince Charles, Princess Margaret, Elizabeth the Queen Mother; Clementine Churchill and Mary Churchill Soames; and a thank you note from Lauren Bacall.","The Yugoslavia and Tito Subseries contains significant material including memoranda of meetings with Tito in 1949,1950, 1953, 1968, 1973; informative accounts by Maclean and other British officers about the Military Mission in World War II for an official book published by Muzej AVNOJ (1970-1971); correspondence about Maclean's involvement in proposals for the publication of Tito's memoirs (1966-1977) and about the nomination of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize (1972-1973); correspondence and papers by Maclean and others from a conference on British Policy and Resistance in the Balkans (1973); Briefing papers, correspondence and memoranda of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Yugoslavia in 1977, and correspondence and memorabilia pertaining to the Prince of Wales' visit in 1978; correspondence about Maclean's visit in 1989 and transcript of an interview with Prime Minister Ante Markovic.","For the 1990's, the time of war and the dissolution of Yugoslavia , there is correspondence with David Owen, Stevan Dedijer and others, and about the Korcula Emergency Appeal, a relief effort for a hospital on the island of Korcula, Croatia, organized by the Macleans; letters from Yugoslav friends describing the turmoil , and/or seeking assistance in finding jobs in the United Kingdom; correspondence about renewed controversy about the British Military Mission in World War II. and the Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case concerning the repatriation of Yugoslavs in 1945. It should also be noted that in Series II, Subseries B, Literary Material pertaining to Yugoslavia, there is some correspondence filed with the manuscripts, typescripts, articles and radio and television transcripts.","The Subseries Family and Personal Papers has letters from friends and teachers, some in German, French, and Italian. In a significant group of letters to his parents (1939-1945) from London, Cairo, Belgrade, and elsewhere, Maclean discussed the international situation, his desire to leave the Foreign Office in order to join the army, life in London during the Blitz, the beginning of his political career, and his military service (some letters were extensively cut by the censors). There are also a number of letters to his parents from the years 1946-1955 from Maclean and his wife Veronica discussing family matters and living conditions in Italy and Austria while Maclean was directing the Special Refugee Commission, and about their travels in Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey in the early 1950's.","Also present is correspondence with Frank McLynn, his biographer, 1990-1994, and two scrapbooks. The blue scrapbook (1939-1951) includes one letter of Maclean to his aunt, newspaper clippings relating to his military service in Yugoslavia, his marriage, some articles by him, a few photographs. The red scrapbook, 1943-1946 also has newspaper clippings about his military service and political career and articles by him.","The Second Series consists of literary papers. This series contains drafts, typescripts, setting copies of his books with related correspondence with publishers and others about the publication process, contracts, royalty statements, book reviews, fan mail, articles, book reviews, speeches, lectures, transcripts of radio and television programs, film proposals or treatments. Several of his books were published under different titles in the United States. It is organized into five subseries based on subject matter. These include: Eastern Approaches(American title- Escape to Adventure); Yugoslavia (the country as originally constituted and also the new states that emerged in the 1990's); Russia and the former Soviet Union and the new nations post 1990); Scotland; and Miscellaneous Literary.","The subseries about Eastern Approachescontains a typed manuscript (Setting copy) with corrections, including an unpublished introduction; some material omitted from the published version including his admiration for a Soviet army unit, comments on the Cetniks, and conversations with King George VI and Winston Churchill and King Peter of Yugoslavia; letters from Michael Adeane, Secretary to King George VI and Winston Churchill requesting that certain passages be omitted; a letter from Peter Fleming to Jonathan Cape offering his opinion of the book, a letter from Ian Fleming to Jonathan Cape and a note to Maclean.","Other material includes correspondence with Jonathan Cape and other publishers about a new edition, correspondence with Douglas Fairbanks, Eric Ambler and others concerning a possible film version, and with Ian Curteis about a proposed television adaptation.","The Yugoslavia Subseries includes books: Disputed Barricade(1957), published in America as The Heretic, which includes an interview with Tito; Yugoslavia(1969), in which Maclean wrote the text for this book of photographs; Battle of Neretva(1970); and Tito: A Pictorial Biography(1980). Also present are articles from newspapers and magazines, 1947-1995, on Yugoslav politics and society, including interviews with Tito. Particularly interesting are two unpublished articles \"Whither Yugoslavia?\" written in 1989 based on interviews with Yugoslav politicians, including Slobodan Milosevic. There are also a number of book reviews of works by Julian Amery, William Deakin, Noel Malcolm and Misha Glenny and others.","In addition, the subseries on Yugoslavia contains lectures, 1949-1995; transcripts of radio and television programs, with related correspondence; and some interviews with Tito, notably The \"Life and Times of Marshal Tito\" (December 1963); and one for a CBS news program (1969).","The Russian Material Subseries contains drafts, correspondence, and research material for his books A Person from England(1958), including several autograph letters,1827-1861, of Dr. Joseph Wolff, one of the English travelers chronicled in the book; Back to Bokhara(1959); Holy Russia(1978); drafts titled \"All the Russias\" and \"The Other Russias,\" which were the basis for To the Back of Beyond(1974), To Caucasus: End of All the Earth(1976); and Holy Russia(1978) which completed the trilogy; Portrait of the Soviet Union(1988), including material for both the book and the related TBS television series since Maclean was working on these simultaneously; and All the Russias(1992). Correspondents include Pamela Harriman, Marietta Tree and Fitzgerald Bemiss.","In addition to his books about Russia and the Soviet Union, his papers also contain articles, 1949-1995 on political, social, economic, cultural aspects of the former Soviet Union, a number on Georgia and the Caucasus, and Mikhail Gorbachev; book reviews, 1949-1994; and radio and television material, such as correspondence and transcripts for programs, including \"The End of All the Earth\" and \"Carnival in the Caucasus\"; interviews with Anna Mikhailovna Larina (Bukharin's widow) and others for the BBC \"Timewatch\" program \"Bukharin.\"","The subseries concerning his Scotland material includes books, A Concise History of Scotland(1970); Isles of the Sea(1985); Bonnie Prince Charlie(1988); and Highlanders(originally titled Clans) (1995). Material for the book and television series are combined since Maclean was working on them simultaneously. Among the articles on Scotland is a notable series \"Scottish Approaches\" which appeared in The Scotsmanin 1959.","The last subseries in Maclean's Literary Papers consists of miscellaneous literary material, including material for the book Take Nine Spies. There is also correspondence with publishers in which he discusses more than one book, and with his literary agents.","Articles are arranged chronologically, and topics range from post World War II Japan, Korea, Italy, the Middle East, and defense policy to China and Mongolia in the 1960's, an extended trip to China in 1988, and his travels in Nepal, Tibet, and Oman in the 1990's. There are also articles about his military, diplomatic, political and literary career, his travels, and personal life, and note that others are contained in two scrapbooks. The radio and television material includes his commentaries on the international scene from 1946 on.","Photographic Material comprises the third series, which contains twenty-four boxes of photographs (some in albums), contact sheets, negatives, and slides, taken by Maclean, primarily of his travels in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Asia, from 1938 through the 1990's. Especially noteworthy are those taken in Moscow, Leningrad, and Central Asia, including Afghanistan, the cities Bokhara and Samarkand, and Persia, Paris and Florence in the late 1930's, Yugoslavia during World War II, postwar Korean and China, and of Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Iran in the early 1950's. Maclean visited the former Soviet Union frequently from the late 1950's through 1987 and took numerous photographs of his favorite regions, Central Asia and the Caucasus, particularly Georgia.","As for Yugoslavia, there is an album dated 1953 labeled Namanevru Jugoslovenska Narodne, Armije (Yugoslav People's Army) with photographs of Tito, Maclean, and soldiers; and photographs from the early 1960's through 1980 including a number of photographs of Tito. Individuals subjects include Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There are also many family photographs taken at Maclean's homes Beechfield and Strachur, and of friends. The photographs used in Eastern Approaches, Disputed Barricade, A Person from England, and Bonnie Prince Charlieare also in this section.\n \n The fourth series consists of two small additions to the papers and include some correpondence files, such as congratulatory letters about his appointment as Under Secretary for War in 1954 and his Baronetcy in 1957, his letters published in the press, and the Great Britain-USSR Association; files on his participation in various conferences concerning Yugoslavia and War War II; election campaign materials of Maclean; Notebooks, including \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June); news articles; speeches by Maclean, including printed speeches published in \"Parliamentary Debates\"; passports; pocket and desk diaries; first drafts of \"Eastern Approaches\"; a file on guerilla warfare; a copy of a 1938 Report on Central Asia by Maclean; and Veronica Maclean's description about her first meeting with Josip Broz Tito in 1947."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"language_ssim":["Materials are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules"],"total_component_count_is":763,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:18.647Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_838"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, 1872/2020, bulk 1872/2020","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1028#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1028#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland's time in Peru, and contains his journal, a typed transcript of the journal by Mary Noland Young, photographs (chiefly albumen prints) of items, places, and peoples in the Amazon, correspondence (including drafts and translations), and legal documents. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1028#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1028.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120844","title_filing_ssi":"Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley, papers","title_ssm":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1872-2020","1872-1906, 1964, 2020"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1872-2020"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1872-1906, 1964, 2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1872/2020, bulk 1872/2020"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, 1872/2020, bulk 1872/2020"],"text":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, 1872/2020, bulk 1872/2020","MSS .16476","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1028","Peru","Ashaninca","Campa del Pichis","Cashibo indigenous group","Conibo indigenous group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel","Indigenous peoples -- Peru","Amazon River Region","Rivers--Peru","Gold","gold mines and mining","diaries","Fair to good","This collection is open for research use.","Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland (1846-1913) was born in Hanover County, Virginia, the son of Colonel Callender St. George Noland (1816-1875) and Mary Edmonia Berkeley (1823-1901).","Noland was a student at the Virginia Military Institute, from 1863-1864 and 1867-1870, where he served as a private in Company C, participating in the Battle of New Market during the Civil War.","He was employed both as a civil engineer and a farmer. Noland was employed as a civil engineer by the Peruvian Hydraulic Commission 1873-1874. Noland and Elizabeth M. Mayo (1850-1883) were married in 1883.","This material contains offensive or harmful language based on race and religion. Also present are a few descriptions of violence against Black, Indigenous, and people of color.","The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.","This collection documents Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland's time in Peru, and contains his journal, a typed transcript of the journal by Mary Noland Young, photographs (chiefly albumen prints) of items, places, and peoples in the Amazon, correspondence (including drafts and translations), and legal documents.","Also present are oversize blueprint maps of the Peruvian Amazon region drawn by Noland, a \"Map of a Section of South America - Peru, a Vertical Cross Section of the Continent about the 2nd Degree South Latitude,\" and two spear points.","Noland's journal records his travels on the Peruvian tributaries of the Amazon from 1873 to 1874. The journal documents his work, describing his travels, the geography, flora and fauna of the area, and his observations and interactions with the various indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon. It includes hand drawn illustrations.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, 1872/2020, bulk 1872/2020"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, 1872/2020, bulk 1872/2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS .16476","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource 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group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel"],"geogname_ssim":["Peru","Ashaninca","Campa del Pichis","Cashibo indigenous group","Conibo indigenous group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel"],"places_ssim":["Peru","Ashaninca","Campa del Pichis","Cashibo indigenous group","Conibo indigenous group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel"],"creator_ssm":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"creator_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library on November 12, 2021, by Mary Noland Young and Lucy Burwell Young."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Indigenous peoples -- Peru","Amazon River Region","Rivers--Peru","Gold","gold mines and mining","diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Indigenous peoples -- Peru","Amazon River Region","Rivers--Peru","Gold","gold mines and mining","diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good"],"extent_ssm":[".75  Cubic Feet 1 legal document box, 1 small artifact box, and one flat file folder (2 x 3 feet)"],"extent_tesim":[".75  Cubic Feet 1 legal document box, 1 small artifact box, and one flat file folder (2 x 3 feet)"],"genreform_ssim":["diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Nelson Berkeley Noland (1846-1913) was born in Hanover County, Virginia, the son of Colonel Callender St. George Noland (1816-1875) and Mary Edmonia Berkeley (1823-1901). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNoland was a student at the Virginia Military Institute, from 1863-1864 and 1867-1870, where he served as a private in Company C, participating in the Battle of New Market during the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was employed both as a civil engineer and a farmer. Noland was employed as a civil engineer by the Peruvian Hydraulic Commission 1873-1874. Noland and Elizabeth M. Mayo (1850-1883) were married in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland (1846-1913) was born in Hanover County, Virginia, the son of Colonel Callender St. George Noland (1816-1875) and Mary Edmonia Berkeley (1823-1901).","Noland was a student at the Virginia Military Institute, from 1863-1864 and 1867-1870, where he served as a private in Company C, participating in the Battle of New Market during the Civil War.","He was employed both as a civil engineer and a farmer. Noland was employed as a civil engineer by the Peruvian Hydraulic Commission 1873-1874. Noland and Elizabeth M. Mayo (1850-1883) were married in 1883."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains offensive or harmful language based on race and religion. Also present are a few descriptions of violence against Black, Indigenous, and people of color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains offensive or harmful language based on race and religion. Also present are a few descriptions of violence against Black, Indigenous, and people of color.","The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, MSS 16476, 1872-1806, 1964, 2020, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, MSS 16476, 1872-1806, 1964, 2020, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland's time in Peru, and contains his journal, a typed transcript of the journal by Mary Noland Young, photographs (chiefly albumen prints) of items, places, and peoples in the Amazon, correspondence (including drafts and translations), and legal documents. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso present are oversize blueprint maps of the Peruvian Amazon region drawn by Noland, a \"Map of a Section of South America - Peru, a Vertical Cross Section of the Continent about the 2nd Degree South Latitude,\" and two spear points. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNoland's journal records his travels on the Peruvian tributaries of the Amazon from 1873 to 1874. The journal documents his work, describing his travels, the geography, flora and fauna of the area, and his observations and interactions with the various indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon. It includes hand drawn illustrations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland's time in Peru, and contains his journal, a typed transcript of the journal by Mary Noland Young, photographs (chiefly albumen prints) of items, places, and peoples in the Amazon, correspondence (including drafts and translations), and legal documents.","Also present are oversize blueprint maps of the Peruvian Amazon region drawn by Noland, a \"Map of a Section of South America - Peru, a Vertical Cross Section of the Continent about the 2nd Degree South Latitude,\" and two spear points.","Noland's journal records his travels on the Peruvian tributaries of the Amazon from 1873 to 1874. The journal documents his work, describing his travels, the geography, flora and fauna of the area, and his observations and interactions with the various indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon. It includes hand drawn illustrations."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:24.943Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1028.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120844","title_filing_ssi":"Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley, papers","title_ssm":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1872-2020","1872-1906, 1964, 2020"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1872-2020"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1872-1906, 1964, 2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1872/2020, bulk 1872/2020"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, 1872/2020, bulk 1872/2020"],"text":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, 1872/2020, bulk 1872/2020","MSS .16476","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1028","Peru","Ashaninca","Campa del Pichis","Cashibo indigenous group","Conibo indigenous group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel","Indigenous peoples -- Peru","Amazon River Region","Rivers--Peru","Gold","gold mines and mining","diaries","Fair to good","This collection is open for research use.","Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland (1846-1913) was born in Hanover County, Virginia, the son of Colonel Callender St. George Noland (1816-1875) and Mary Edmonia Berkeley (1823-1901).","Noland was a student at the Virginia Military Institute, from 1863-1864 and 1867-1870, where he served as a private in Company C, participating in the Battle of New Market during the Civil War.","He was employed both as a civil engineer and a farmer. Noland was employed as a civil engineer by the Peruvian Hydraulic Commission 1873-1874. Noland and Elizabeth M. Mayo (1850-1883) were married in 1883.","This material contains offensive or harmful language based on race and religion. Also present are a few descriptions of violence against Black, Indigenous, and people of color.","The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.","This collection documents Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland's time in Peru, and contains his journal, a typed transcript of the journal by Mary Noland Young, photographs (chiefly albumen prints) of items, places, and peoples in the Amazon, correspondence (including drafts and translations), and legal documents.","Also present are oversize blueprint maps of the Peruvian Amazon region drawn by Noland, a \"Map of a Section of South America - Peru, a Vertical Cross Section of the Continent about the 2nd Degree South Latitude,\" and two spear points.","Noland's journal records his travels on the Peruvian tributaries of the Amazon from 1873 to 1874. The journal documents his work, describing his travels, the geography, flora and fauna of the area, and his observations and interactions with the various indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon. It includes hand drawn illustrations.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, 1872/2020, bulk 1872/2020"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, 1872/2020, bulk 1872/2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS .16476","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource 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group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel"],"geogname_ssim":["Peru","Ashaninca","Campa del Pichis","Cashibo indigenous group","Conibo indigenous group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel"],"places_ssim":["Peru","Ashaninca","Campa del Pichis","Cashibo indigenous group","Conibo indigenous group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel"],"creator_ssm":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"creator_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library on November 12, 2021, by Mary Noland Young and Lucy Burwell Young."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Indigenous peoples -- Peru","Amazon River Region","Rivers--Peru","Gold","gold mines and mining","diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Indigenous peoples -- Peru","Amazon River Region","Rivers--Peru","Gold","gold mines and mining","diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good"],"extent_ssm":[".75  Cubic Feet 1 legal document box, 1 small artifact box, and one flat file folder (2 x 3 feet)"],"extent_tesim":[".75  Cubic Feet 1 legal document box, 1 small artifact box, and one flat file folder (2 x 3 feet)"],"genreform_ssim":["diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Nelson Berkeley Noland (1846-1913) was born in Hanover County, Virginia, the son of Colonel Callender St. George Noland (1816-1875) and Mary Edmonia Berkeley (1823-1901). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNoland was a student at the Virginia Military Institute, from 1863-1864 and 1867-1870, where he served as a private in Company C, participating in the Battle of New Market during the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was employed both as a civil engineer and a farmer. Noland was employed as a civil engineer by the Peruvian Hydraulic Commission 1873-1874. Noland and Elizabeth M. Mayo (1850-1883) were married in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland (1846-1913) was born in Hanover County, Virginia, the son of Colonel Callender St. George Noland (1816-1875) and Mary Edmonia Berkeley (1823-1901).","Noland was a student at the Virginia Military Institute, from 1863-1864 and 1867-1870, where he served as a private in Company C, participating in the Battle of New Market during the Civil War.","He was employed both as a civil engineer and a farmer. Noland was employed as a civil engineer by the Peruvian Hydraulic Commission 1873-1874. Noland and Elizabeth M. Mayo (1850-1883) were married in 1883."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains offensive or harmful language based on race and religion. Also present are a few descriptions of violence against Black, Indigenous, and people of color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains offensive or harmful language based on race and religion. Also present are a few descriptions of violence against Black, Indigenous, and people of color.","The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, MSS 16476, 1872-1806, 1964, 2020, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, MSS 16476, 1872-1806, 1964, 2020, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland's time in Peru, and contains his journal, a typed transcript of the journal by Mary Noland Young, photographs (chiefly albumen prints) of items, places, and peoples in the Amazon, correspondence (including drafts and translations), and legal documents. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso present are oversize blueprint maps of the Peruvian Amazon region drawn by Noland, a \"Map of a Section of South America - Peru, a Vertical Cross Section of the Continent about the 2nd Degree South Latitude,\" and two spear points. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNoland's journal records his travels on the Peruvian tributaries of the Amazon from 1873 to 1874. The journal documents his work, describing his travels, the geography, flora and fauna of the area, and his observations and interactions with the various indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon. It includes hand drawn illustrations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland's time in Peru, and contains his journal, a typed transcript of the journal by Mary Noland Young, photographs (chiefly albumen prints) of items, places, and peoples in the Amazon, correspondence (including drafts and translations), and legal documents.","Also present are oversize blueprint maps of the Peruvian Amazon region drawn by Noland, a \"Map of a Section of South America - Peru, a Vertical Cross Section of the Continent about the 2nd Degree South Latitude,\" and two spear points.","Noland's journal records his travels on the Peruvian tributaries of the Amazon from 1873 to 1874. The journal documents his work, describing his travels, the geography, flora and fauna of the area, and his observations and interactions with the various indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon. It includes hand drawn illustrations."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:24.943Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1028"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_940","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"William S. Kibler papers, 1925/2002","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_940#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Kibler, William S. (William S. Kibler), 1911-2002","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_940#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains the papers of William S. Kibler (1911-2002), a high school teacher and educator, Stanley, Virginia, ca. 1925-2002, 23,684 items (103 Hollinger boxes; 43 linear feet) including his diaries, 1936-2002 April, recording in detail Kibler's daily activities as well as his impressions of events, travel journals and manuscripts for chiefly foreign trips, slides, postcards, and photographs, chiefly concerning his trips, both high school and college papers, literary work, and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_940#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_940","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_940","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_940","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_940","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_940.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/838","title_filing_ssi":"Kibler, William S., papers","title_ssm":["William S. Kibler papers"],"title_tesim":["William S. Kibler papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1925-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-2002"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1925/2002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William S. Kibler papers, 1925/2002"],"text":["William S. Kibler papers, 1925/2002","MSS 15270","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/940","High school teachers - Virginia- Stanley","Stanley (Va.) - History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, American","Travel","Gay men, White","diaries","This collection is organized in five series: Series I:  Diaries (Boxes 1-60); Series II: Travel Journals and Manuscripts (Boxes 61-68); Series III: Slides, Postcards, and Photographs (Boxes 69-87); Series IV: Literary Work and School Papers (Boxes 88-92); and Series V: Correspondence and Military Records (Boxes 93-103).","William Kibler (1911-2002) was a student at the University of Virginia from 1929 to 1932; he graduated on June 14, 1932.  That same year he assumed his first teaching position at a one room school in Cubbage Hollow, just east of Stanley, Virginia.  From 1933 to 1940 he was a teacher, basketball coach and football coach at Shenandoah High School.  He was a Masters student at Harvard from 1935/6 to 1938; further interruptions would make this a sixteen year process – he attained his degree in 1951.  In 1936 his father Rufus Kibler died.  In 1941 William took the position of principal at Grove Hill Elementary School.","In 1943 he was drafted as a Private in Company A, 1302nd S.U.R.C.  In 1944 he was a Private in the 345th Harbor Craft Company.  In this same company William was made corporal in June 1944, and sergeant in mid-June 1944.  He trained primarily in Florida, spent three months in England, and was then transferred to France.  He was next stationed in Belgium, where he saw significant combat.  He earned a medal for his involvement in the Battle of the Bulge (1944-1945).  His letter correspondence is largely with his mother, Julia Kibler (Mrs. Benton Koontz).  From 1945 to 1946 he remained in the army and worked with recovering soldiers at Woodrow Wilson Hospital in Fishersville, Virginia.\n    He was discharged in May 1946, whereupon he took the position of English teacher at Florida Southern College; he eventually became the head of the department.  In 1949 William returned to the University of Virginia to study German and French; during this time he taught Freshman English.  From 1950 to 1952 he studied, wrote, and published \"I Don't Know Why,\" a book of 25 short stories about his observations of country life in Virginia.\n    From 1951 to 1956/7 he worked for a secret branch of the government – the Armed Forces Security Agency, a forerunner of the National Security Agency – intercepting messages during the Korean War.  He informed the United States government mostly about economic and living conditions in North Korea.  He would transition from educating military officers to teaching their children at the Columbia Preparatory School in Washington, D.C., where he taught for six years, becoming the head of their English Department.\n    From 1964 to 1965 William traveled around the world in about eighty days; this adventure would inspire him to spend the next twenty years visiting more than thirty countries – he toured most of Europe, Central and South America, portions of Asia and Africa, and sections of the Middle East.  Notably, during his 1976 trip to the Middle East, he narrowly missed an attack by a terrorist group.  He would eventually return to Virginia, where he continued to teach and write.  On September 3, 1980, he was honored as a Page County Retired Teacher.  In 1997 he was commended as a former teacher at Shenandoah High School.","The collection contains the papers of William S. Kibler (1911-2002), a high school teacher and educator, Stanley, Virginia, ca. 1925-2002, 23,684 items (103 Hollinger boxes; 43 linear feet) including his diaries, 1936-2002 April, recording in detail Kibler's daily activities as well as his impressions of events, travel journals and manuscripts for chiefly foreign trips, slides, postcards, and photographs, chiefly concerning his trips, both high school and college papers, literary work, and correspondence.","There are no restrictions.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kibler, William S. (William S. Kibler), 1911-2002","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["William S. Kibler papers, 1925/2002"],"collection_ssim":["William S. Kibler papers, 1925/2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 15270","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/940"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 15270","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/940"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["High school teachers - Virginia- Stanley","Stanley (Va.) - History"],"geogname_ssim":["High school teachers - Virginia- Stanley","Stanley (Va.) - History"],"places_ssim":["High school teachers - Virginia- Stanley","Stanley (Va.) - History"],"creator_ssm":["Kibler, William S. (William S. Kibler), 1911-2002"],"creator_ssim":["Kibler, William S. (William S. Kibler), 1911-2002"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kibler, William S. (William S. Kibler), 1911-2002"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Kibler, William S. (William S. Kibler), 1911-2002","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given by the Town Council of Stanley, Virginia, through Mike Salvino, William S. Kibler Library, to the University of Virginia Library, in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, American","Travel","Gay men, White","diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, American","Travel","Gay men, White","diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["51.5 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["51.5 Cubic Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized in five series: Series I:  Diaries (Boxes 1-60); Series II: Travel Journals and Manuscripts (Boxes 61-68); Series III: Slides, Postcards, and Photographs (Boxes 69-87); Series IV: Literary Work and School Papers (Boxes 88-92); and Series V: Correspondence and Military Records (Boxes 93-103).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized in five series: Series I:  Diaries (Boxes 1-60); Series II: Travel Journals and Manuscripts (Boxes 61-68); Series III: Slides, Postcards, and Photographs (Boxes 69-87); Series IV: Literary Work and School Papers (Boxes 88-92); and Series V: Correspondence and Military Records (Boxes 93-103)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Kibler (1911-2002) was a student at the University of Virginia from 1929 to 1932; he graduated on June 14, 1932.  That same year he assumed his first teaching position at a one room school in Cubbage Hollow, just east of Stanley, Virginia.  From 1933 to 1940 he was a teacher, basketball coach and football coach at Shenandoah High School.  He was a Masters student at Harvard from 1935/6 to 1938; further interruptions would make this a sixteen year process – he attained his degree in 1951.  In 1936 his father Rufus Kibler died.  In 1941 William took the position of principal at Grove Hill Elementary School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1943 he was drafted as a Private in Company A, 1302nd S.U.R.C.  In 1944 he was a Private in the 345th Harbor Craft Company.  In this same company William was made corporal in June 1944, and sergeant in mid-June 1944.  He trained primarily in Florida, spent three months in England, and was then transferred to France.  He was next stationed in Belgium, where he saw significant combat.  He earned a medal for his involvement in the Battle of the Bulge (1944-1945).  His letter correspondence is largely with his mother, Julia Kibler (Mrs. Benton Koontz).  From 1945 to 1946 he remained in the army and worked with recovering soldiers at Woodrow Wilson Hospital in Fishersville, Virginia.\n    He was discharged in May 1946, whereupon he took the position of English teacher at Florida Southern College; he eventually became the head of the department.  In 1949 William returned to the University of Virginia to study German and French; during this time he taught Freshman English.  From 1950 to 1952 he studied, wrote, and published \"I Don't Know Why,\" a book of 25 short stories about his observations of country life in Virginia.\n    From 1951 to 1956/7 he worked for a secret branch of the government – the Armed Forces Security Agency, a forerunner of the National Security Agency – intercepting messages during the Korean War.  He informed the United States government mostly about economic and living conditions in North Korea.  He would transition from educating military officers to teaching their children at the Columbia Preparatory School in Washington, D.C., where he taught for six years, becoming the head of their English Department.\n    From 1964 to 1965 William traveled around the world in about eighty days; this adventure would inspire him to spend the next twenty years visiting more than thirty countries – he toured most of Europe, Central and South America, portions of Asia and Africa, and sections of the Middle East.  Notably, during his 1976 trip to the Middle East, he narrowly missed an attack by a terrorist group.  He would eventually return to Virginia, where he continued to teach and write.  On September 3, 1980, he was honored as a Page County Retired Teacher.  In 1997 he was commended as a former teacher at Shenandoah High School.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Kibler (1911-2002) was a student at the University of Virginia from 1929 to 1932; he graduated on June 14, 1932.  That same year he assumed his first teaching position at a one room school in Cubbage Hollow, just east of Stanley, Virginia.  From 1933 to 1940 he was a teacher, basketball coach and football coach at Shenandoah High School.  He was a Masters student at Harvard from 1935/6 to 1938; further interruptions would make this a sixteen year process – he attained his degree in 1951.  In 1936 his father Rufus Kibler died.  In 1941 William took the position of principal at Grove Hill Elementary School.","In 1943 he was drafted as a Private in Company A, 1302nd S.U.R.C.  In 1944 he was a Private in the 345th Harbor Craft Company.  In this same company William was made corporal in June 1944, and sergeant in mid-June 1944.  He trained primarily in Florida, spent three months in England, and was then transferred to France.  He was next stationed in Belgium, where he saw significant combat.  He earned a medal for his involvement in the Battle of the Bulge (1944-1945).  His letter correspondence is largely with his mother, Julia Kibler (Mrs. Benton Koontz).  From 1945 to 1946 he remained in the army and worked with recovering soldiers at Woodrow Wilson Hospital in Fishersville, Virginia.\n    He was discharged in May 1946, whereupon he took the position of English teacher at Florida Southern College; he eventually became the head of the department.  In 1949 William returned to the University of Virginia to study German and French; during this time he taught Freshman English.  From 1950 to 1952 he studied, wrote, and published \"I Don't Know Why,\" a book of 25 short stories about his observations of country life in Virginia.\n    From 1951 to 1956/7 he worked for a secret branch of the government – the Armed Forces Security Agency, a forerunner of the National Security Agency – intercepting messages during the Korean War.  He informed the United States government mostly about economic and living conditions in North Korea.  He would transition from educating military officers to teaching their children at the Columbia Preparatory School in Washington, D.C., where he taught for six years, becoming the head of their English Department.\n    From 1964 to 1965 William traveled around the world in about eighty days; this adventure would inspire him to spend the next twenty years visiting more than thirty countries – he toured most of Europe, Central and South America, portions of Asia and Africa, and sections of the Middle East.  Notably, during his 1976 trip to the Middle East, he narrowly missed an attack by a terrorist group.  He would eventually return to Virginia, where he continued to teach and write.  On September 3, 1980, he was honored as a Page County Retired Teacher.  In 1997 he was commended as a former teacher at Shenandoah High School."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam S. Kibler papers, MSS 15270, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["William S. Kibler papers, MSS 15270, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains the papers of William S. Kibler (1911-2002), a high school teacher and educator, Stanley, Virginia, ca. 1925-2002, 23,684 items (103 Hollinger boxes; 43 linear feet) including his diaries, 1936-2002 April, recording in detail Kibler's daily activities as well as his impressions of events, travel journals and manuscripts for chiefly foreign trips, slides, postcards, and photographs, chiefly concerning his trips, both high school and college papers, literary work, and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains the papers of William S. 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Notably, during his 1976 trip to the Middle East, he narrowly missed an attack by a terrorist group.  He would eventually return to Virginia, where he continued to teach and write.  On September 3, 1980, he was honored as a Page County Retired Teacher.  In 1997 he was commended as a former teacher at Shenandoah High School."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam S. Kibler papers, MSS 15270, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["William S. Kibler papers, MSS 15270, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains the papers of William S. 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