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W. Yen materials","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_488#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Yen, Hui-chʻing, 1877-1950","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_488#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of three published books and one notebook. 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During World War II, he translated and compiled Stories of Old China in Hong Kong while under Japanese house-arrest in 1942. He took his first plane trip in 1949 to Moscow in hopes of resolving the Chinese Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\n\"Yan Huiqing.\" Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_Huiqing.  Accessed 12 July 2017.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Yen Hui-Ch'ing, (Name in English: Yen, Wei Ching Williams or W.W. Yen) was born on 2 April 1877 and passed away on 24 May 1950. He was a Chinese writer, politician, and diplomat from Shanghai.","A graduate of the University of Virginia, he taught the English language at St. John's University, Shanghai in a short time after coming back from the United States and then went to Beijing to start his political career. It was in the US he became a Freemason.","He served as premier five times and simultaneously as acting president on his last premiership in 1926. Wu Peifu handpicked him for the acting presidency to pave the way for Cao Kun's restoration but he was unable to take office due to Zhang Zuolin's objection. When Yan finally took his post, he immediately resigned and appointed navy minister Du Xigui as his successor.","He was also China's first ambassador to the Soviet Union and he was a delegate in the League of Nations. During World War II, he translated and compiled Stories of Old China in Hong Kong while under Japanese house-arrest in 1942. He took his first plane trip in 1949 to Moscow in hopes of resolving the Chinese Civil War.","Source:\n\"Yan Huiqing.\" Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_Huiqing.  Accessed 12 July 2017."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16323, Collection of W. W. Yen materials, Albert \u0026amp; Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16323, Collection of W. W. 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Yen) was born on 2 April 1877 and passed away on 24 May 1950. He was a Chinese writer, politician, and diplomat from Shanghai.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA graduate of the University of Virginia, he taught the English language at St. John's University, Shanghai in a short time after coming back from the United States and then went to Beijing to start his political career. It was in the US he became a Freemason.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe served as premier five times and simultaneously as acting president on his last premiership in 1926. Wu Peifu handpicked him for the acting presidency to pave the way for Cao Kun's restoration but he was unable to take office due to Zhang Zuolin's objection. When Yan finally took his post, he immediately resigned and appointed navy minister Du Xigui as his successor.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe was also China's first ambassador to the Soviet Union and he was a delegate in the League of Nations. During World War II, he translated and compiled Stories of Old China in Hong Kong while under Japanese house-arrest in 1942. He took his first plane trip in 1949 to Moscow in hopes of resolving the Chinese Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\n\"Yan Huiqing.\" Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_Huiqing.  Accessed 12 July 2017.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Yen Hui-Ch'ing, (Name in English: Yen, Wei Ching Williams or W.W. Yen) was born on 2 April 1877 and passed away on 24 May 1950. He was a Chinese writer, politician, and diplomat from Shanghai.","A graduate of the University of Virginia, he taught the English language at St. John's University, Shanghai in a short time after coming back from the United States and then went to Beijing to start his political career. It was in the US he became a Freemason.","He served as premier five times and simultaneously as acting president on his last premiership in 1926. Wu Peifu handpicked him for the acting presidency to pave the way for Cao Kun's restoration but he was unable to take office due to Zhang Zuolin's objection. When Yan finally took his post, he immediately resigned and appointed navy minister Du Xigui as his successor.","He was also China's first ambassador to the Soviet Union and he was a delegate in the League of Nations. During World War II, he translated and compiled Stories of Old China in Hong Kong while under Japanese house-arrest in 1942. He took his first plane trip in 1949 to Moscow in hopes of resolving the Chinese Civil War.","Source:\n\"Yan Huiqing.\" Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan_Huiqing.  Accessed 12 July 2017."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16323, Collection of W. W. Yen materials, Albert \u0026amp; Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16323, Collection of W. W. 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Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Blake, Thomas W.","Moore, John Bassett, 1860-1947","Stone, Harlan F., 1872-1946","Woolsey, John M., 1877-1945","Hand, August Noble, 1869-1954","Jones, T. Catesby, 1880-1946","Powell, Thomas Reed, 1880-1955","Lile, William Minor, 1859-1935","Knopf, Alfred A., Sr., 1892-1984","Glenn, Garrard, 1878-1949"],"persname_ssim":["Glenn, Garrard, 1878-1949","Blake, Thomas W.","Moore, John Bassett, 1860-1947","Stone, Harlan F., 1872-1946","Woolsey, John M., 1877-1945","Hand, August Noble, 1869-1954","Jones, T. Catesby, 1880-1946","Powell, Thomas Reed, 1880-1955","Lile, William Minor, 1859-1935","Knopf, Alfred A., Sr., 1892-1984"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:27:13.607Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_80","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_80","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_80","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_80","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_80.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/132813","title_ssm":["Garrard Glenn papers"],"title_tesim":["Garrard Glenn papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1901-1951"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1901-1951"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.78.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/80"],"text":["MSS.78.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/80","Garrard Glenn papers","Law  -- Study and teaching","Legal literature","practice of law -- New York, NY","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","Legal correspondence","diaries","Commonplace books","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Glenn, Garrard, 1878-1949","Blake, Thomas W.","Moore, John Bassett, 1860-1947","Stone, Harlan F., 1872-1946","Woolsey, John M., 1877-1945","Hand, August Noble, 1869-1954","Jones, T. Catesby, 1880-1946","Powell, Thomas Reed, 1880-1955","Lile, William Minor, 1859-1935","Knopf, Alfred A., Sr., 1892-1984","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.78.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/80"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Garrard Glenn papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Garrard Glenn papers"],"collection_ssim":["Garrard Glenn papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Glenn, Garrard, 1878-1949"],"creator_ssim":["Glenn, Garrard, 1878-1949"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Glenn, Garrard, 1878-1949"],"creators_ssim":["Glenn, Garrard, 1878-1949"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Professor Glenn donated his papers to the Law Library before December of 1977.","Glenn's letter to Judson Adams Crane, 2 October 1931, was donated to the library by Dave Warrington of the Harvard Law Library in February 1996.","The Thomas B. Gay speech was added to this collection from the UVA Law stacks in September 2004."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Law  -- Study and teaching","Legal literature","practice of law -- New York, NY","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","Legal correspondence","diaries","Commonplace books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Law  -- Study and teaching","Legal literature","practice of law -- New York, NY","University of Virginia. 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Catesby, 1880-1946","Powell, Thomas Reed, 1880-1955","Lile, William Minor, 1859-1935","Knopf, Alfred A., Sr., 1892-1984"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:27:13.607Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_80"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_612","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Richard J. DeMartino papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_612#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_612#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection was organized by Richard J. DeMartino during his tenure as one of the \"historian advisors\" to the International Military Tribunal for the Far East between 1946-1948. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_612#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_612","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_612","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_612","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_612","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_612.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/132893","title_ssm":["Richard J. DeMartino papers"],"title_tesim":["Richard J. DeMartino papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1910 - 1965"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1910 - 1965"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2017.02","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/612"],"text":["MSS.2017.02","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/612","Richard J. DeMartino papers","France -- Foreign relations -- Japan -- 1940-1945","Japan -- History -- February Incident, 1936 (February 26)","Japan -- Foreign relations -- 1912-1945","Netherlands -- Foreign relations -- 1898-1948","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- 1917-1945","Thailand -- Foreign relations -- Japan","Philippines -- History -- Japanese occupation, 1942-1945","Prisoners of war -- Japan","Midway, Battle of, 1942","Bismarck Sea, Battle of, 1943","Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), Attack on, 1941","Thai-Indochinese Conflict, 1940-1941","Tokyo Trial, Tokyo, Japan, 1946-1948","War crime trials -- Japan","World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, Japanese","World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Indonesia","World War, 1939-1945 -- Prisoners and prisons, British","diaries","photographs","Mr. DeMartino personal records show the offer that the General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Forces, Office of Civilian Personnel offer Lt. Richard J. DeMartino as Historical Advisor, P-5 in the \"War Department with duty station in the occupation area (Japan and Korea). The date was April 10, 1946.","In the personal statement that DeMartino filled, he certified that he was born on August 28, 1922 in New York, NY. He attended Galvani Junior High School and Benjamin Franklin High School (1932-1938) and The City College of New York (1938-1942) B.S in Social Sciences. He was member of the Phi Beta Kappa and the History Society. He worked for New York State Civil Service (September – December 1942). In 1942 he entered the US Navy. He was honorably discharged from in July 2, 1943. He also states that he has \"fair\" knowledge of the Italian and Japanese languages and that both his parents were immigrants, born in Italy.","Mr. DeMartino contract as historical advisor terminated on April 17, 1947, but he continued working in the same capacity until May 19, 1948. In his memorandum of resignation DeMartino asks: \n\"permission to retain court record and other materials used in connection with the trial is believed forthcoming. This will require a baggage allowance for shipping in excess of the usual allotment.\" [See DeMartino Civilian Personnel Record folder, box 1]","These files contain excerpts of documents that are not fully classified and of which we do not have certainty of where they come from.  All files have excerpts, notes and some full documents. Just full documents will be added as items records when we find them.","This file contains excerpts of documents that are not fully classified and of which we do not have certainty of where they belonged to.","Foreign Relations of the United States, p. 32","Foreign Relations of the United States, p. 32","These photographs have been digitized.","This collection was organized by Richard J. DeMartino during his tenure as one of the \"historian advisors\" to the International Military Tribunal for the Far East between 1946-1948. ","The files contain excerpts of official documents, documents, and DeMartino's handwritten notes. Excerpts from the diary of Marquis Kōichi Kido are present in each file, as if DeMartino was using Kido's notes as a guide to the research he was working on. There are also many excerpts from Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States Japan: 1931-1941, Washinton: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1943, 2 v.","The collection is divided in 5 series and two files of unrelated materials to the IMTFE:","Series 1: Ephemeris Files – consist of a detail account of day to day information beginning 1 – 10 January 1936- 10 March; 10 March 1941 to 1948.","Series 2: Onomastic Files – consist of files of persons related to the IMTFE.","Series 3: Miscellaneous Files: translations and other related files.","Series 4: Printed materials","Series 5: Photographs","Other materials not related to the IMTFE","DeMartino inscribed the documents with two annotations: a last name and a number. Special Collections kept these annotations between brackets [ ]. ","The ephemeris files consist of a detail account of day to day information that DeMartino filed and organized beginning January 1 - March 10, 1936; and March 10 1941 - 1948.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Asahi Shimbun","International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE)","Mainichi Shimbun","Osaka Mainichi","The Japan Times","The Nippon Times","The Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun","DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013","Araki, Sadao, 1877-1966","Bagge, Widar, 1886-1970","Ballantine, Joseph W., 1888-1973","Ching-wei, Wang, 1883-1944","Churchill, Winston S., 1874-1965","Cumming, William P., 1900-1989","Davis, Norman H., 1878-1944","Dooman, Eugene H., 1890-1969","Goering, Hermann Wilhelm, 1893-1946","Gorgé, Camille, 1893-1978","Grew, Joseph C., 1880-1965","Hashimoto, Kingoro, 1890-1957","Hata, Shunroku, 1879-1962","Hatoyama, Ichiro, 1883-1959","Higashikuni, Naruhiko, 1887-1990","Hiranuma, Kiichiro, 1867-1952","Hirohito, Michinomiya, 1901-1989","Hirota, Koki, 1878-1948","Hoshino, Naoki, 1883-1978","Hull, Cordell, 1871-1955","Ishihara, Kanji, 1889-1949","Ishii, Shiro, 1882-1959","Ishiwata, Sotaro, 1891-1950","Itagaki, Seishiro, 1885-1948 ","Iwabuchi, Tatsuo, 1892-1975 ","Kato, Sotomatsu, 1890-1942 ","Kaya, Okinori, 1889-1977 ","Keenan, Joseph B., 1888-1954 ","Kido, Koichi, 1889-1977","Kimura, Heitaro, 1888-1948","Koiso, Kuniaki, 1880-1950 ","Konoe, Fumimaro, 1891-1945","Kurusu, Saburo, 1886-1954","Matsui, Iwane, 1878-1948","Matsumoto, Shunichi, 1897-1987","Matsuoka, Yosuke, 1880-1946","Minami, Jiro, 1874-1955","Muto, Akira, 1892-1948","Nagano, Osami, 1880-1947","Nomura, Kichisaburo, 1877-1964","Nomura, Naokuni, 1885-1973","Oka, Takazumi, 1890-1973","Okada, Keisuke, 1868-1952","Oshima, Hiroshi, 1886-1975","Ribbentrop, Joachim, 1893-1946","Roosevelt, Franklin D., 1882-1945","Sato, Kenryo, 1895-1975","Sawada, Shigeru, 1887-1980","Shigemitsu, Mamoru, 1887-1957","Shimada, Shigetaro, 1883-1976","Shiratori, Toshio, 1887-1949","Sorge, Richard, 1895-1944","Suzuki, Teiichi, 1888-1989","Tanaka, Ryukichi, 1893-1972","Tanaka, Shinichi, 1893-1976","Tani, Masayuki, 1889-1962","Terasaki, Hidenari (Taro), 1890-1951","Togo, Shigenori, 1882-1950","Tojo, Hideki, 1884-1948","Tomita, Kenji, 1897-1977","Toyoda, Teijiro, 1885-1971","Umezu, Yoshijiro, 1882-1949","Welles, Sumner, 1892-1961","Yamamoto, Isoroku, 1884-1943","Yamamoto, Kumaichi","Yoshida, Shigeru, 1878-1967","Yoshizawa, Kenkichi, 1874-1965","English Japanese"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2017.02","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/612"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard J. DeMartino papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard J. DeMartino papers"],"collection_ssim":["Richard J. DeMartino papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["France -- Foreign relations -- Japan -- 1940-1945","Japan -- History -- February Incident, 1936 (February 26)","Japan -- Foreign relations -- 1912-1945","Netherlands -- Foreign relations -- 1898-1948","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- 1917-1945","Thailand -- Foreign relations -- Japan"],"geogname_ssim":["France -- Foreign relations -- Japan -- 1940-1945","Japan -- History -- February Incident, 1936 (February 26)","Japan -- Foreign relations -- 1912-1945","Netherlands -- Foreign relations -- 1898-1948","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- 1917-1945","Thailand -- Foreign relations -- Japan"],"creator_ssm":["DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013"],"creator_ssim":["DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013"],"creator_persname_ssim":["DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013"],"creators_ssim":["DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013"],"places_ssim":["France -- Foreign relations -- Japan -- 1940-1945","Japan -- History -- February Incident, 1936 (February 26)","Japan -- Foreign relations -- 1912-1945","Netherlands -- Foreign relations -- 1898-1948","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- 1917-1945","Thailand -- Foreign relations -- Japan"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated to the Law Library in the Summer of 2017. Prof. Jamie Sedwick of Acadia University in Nova Scotia contacted the Special Collections Department to alert us of the existence of the papers and asked if we were interested in them.  The library immediately contacted Ms. Kathleen O'Shea, Mr. DeMartino's wife and after some negotiations the papers arrived in Charlottesville in September of 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Philippines -- History -- Japanese occupation, 1942-1945","Prisoners of war -- Japan","Midway, Battle of, 1942","Bismarck Sea, Battle of, 1943","Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), Attack on, 1941","Thai-Indochinese Conflict, 1940-1941","Tokyo Trial, Tokyo, Japan, 1946-1948","War crime trials -- Japan","World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, Japanese","World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Indonesia","World War, 1939-1945 -- Prisoners and prisons, British","diaries","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Philippines -- History -- Japanese occupation, 1942-1945","Prisoners of war -- Japan","Midway, Battle of, 1942","Bismarck Sea, Battle of, 1943","Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), Attack on, 1941","Thai-Indochinese Conflict, 1940-1941","Tokyo Trial, Tokyo, Japan, 1946-1948","War crime trials -- Japan","World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, Japanese","World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Indonesia","World War, 1939-1945 -- Prisoners and prisons, British","diaries","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14 Cubic Feet 34 archival boxes, plus some oversized items."],"extent_tesim":["14 Cubic Feet 34 archival boxes, plus some oversized items."],"genreform_ssim":["diaries","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMr. DeMartino personal records show the offer that the General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Forces, Office of Civilian Personnel offer Lt. Richard J. DeMartino as Historical Advisor, P-5 in the \"War Department with duty station in the occupation area (Japan and Korea). The date was April 10, 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the personal statement that DeMartino filled, he certified that he was born on August 28, 1922 in New York, NY. He attended Galvani Junior High School and Benjamin Franklin High School (1932-1938) and The City College of New York (1938-1942) B.S in Social Sciences. He was member of the Phi Beta Kappa and the History Society. He worked for New York State Civil Service (September – December 1942). In 1942 he entered the US Navy. He was honorably discharged from in July 2, 1943. He also states that he has \"fair\" knowledge of the Italian and Japanese languages and that both his parents were immigrants, born in Italy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. DeMartino contract as historical advisor terminated on April 17, 1947, but he continued working in the same capacity until May 19, 1948. In his memorandum of resignation DeMartino asks: \n\"permission to retain court record and other materials used in connection with the trial is believed forthcoming. This will require a baggage allowance for shipping in excess of the usual allotment.\" [See DeMartino Civilian Personnel Record folder, box 1]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mr. DeMartino personal records show the offer that the General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Forces, Office of Civilian Personnel offer Lt. Richard J. DeMartino as Historical Advisor, P-5 in the \"War Department with duty station in the occupation area (Japan and Korea). The date was April 10, 1946.","In the personal statement that DeMartino filled, he certified that he was born on August 28, 1922 in New York, NY. He attended Galvani Junior High School and Benjamin Franklin High School (1932-1938) and The City College of New York (1938-1942) B.S in Social Sciences. He was member of the Phi Beta Kappa and the History Society. He worked for New York State Civil Service (September – December 1942). In 1942 he entered the US Navy. He was honorably discharged from in July 2, 1943. He also states that he has \"fair\" knowledge of the Italian and Japanese languages and that both his parents were immigrants, born in Italy.","Mr. DeMartino contract as historical advisor terminated on April 17, 1947, but he continued working in the same capacity until May 19, 1948. In his memorandum of resignation DeMartino asks: \n\"permission to retain court record and other materials used in connection with the trial is believed forthcoming. This will require a baggage allowance for shipping in excess of the usual allotment.\" [See DeMartino Civilian Personnel Record folder, box 1]"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese files contain excerpts of documents that are not fully classified and of which we do not have certainty of where they come from.  All files have excerpts, notes and some full documents. Just full documents will be added as items records when we find them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains excerpts of documents that are not fully classified and of which we do not have certainty of where they belonged to.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForeign Relations of the United States, p. 32\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForeign Relations of the United States, p. 32\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese photographs have been digitized.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["These files contain excerpts of documents that are not fully classified and of which we do not have certainty of where they come from.  All files have excerpts, notes and some full documents. Just full documents will be added as items records when we find them.","This file contains excerpts of documents that are not fully classified and of which we do not have certainty of where they belonged to.","Foreign Relations of the United States, p. 32","Foreign Relations of the United States, p. 32","These photographs have been digitized."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was organized by Richard J. DeMartino during his tenure as one of the \"historian advisors\" to the International Military Tribunal for the Far East between 1946-1948. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe files contain excerpts of official documents, documents, and DeMartino's handwritten notes. Excerpts from the diary of Marquis Kōichi Kido are present in each file, as if DeMartino was using Kido's notes as a guide to the research he was working on. There are also many excerpts from Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States Japan: 1931-1941, Washinton: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1943, 2 v.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided in 5 series and two files of unrelated materials to the IMTFE:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Ephemeris Files – consist of a detail account of day to day information beginning 1 – 10 January 1936- 10 March; 10 March 1941 to 1948.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Onomastic Files – consist of files of persons related to the IMTFE.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Miscellaneous Files: translations and other related files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Printed materials\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Photographs\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials not related to the IMTFE\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeMartino inscribed the documents with two annotations: a last name and a number. Special Collections kept these annotations between brackets [ ]. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe ephemeris files consist of a detail account of day to day information that DeMartino filed and organized beginning January 1 - March 10, 1936; and March 10 1941 - 1948.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was organized by Richard J. DeMartino during his tenure as one of the \"historian advisors\" to the International Military Tribunal for the Far East between 1946-1948. ","The files contain excerpts of official documents, documents, and DeMartino's handwritten notes. Excerpts from the diary of Marquis Kōichi Kido are present in each file, as if DeMartino was using Kido's notes as a guide to the research he was working on. There are also many excerpts from Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States Japan: 1931-1941, Washinton: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1943, 2 v.","The collection is divided in 5 series and two files of unrelated materials to the IMTFE:","Series 1: Ephemeris Files – consist of a detail account of day to day information beginning 1 – 10 January 1936- 10 March; 10 March 1941 to 1948.","Series 2: Onomastic Files – consist of files of persons related to the IMTFE.","Series 3: Miscellaneous Files: translations and other related files.","Series 4: Printed materials","Series 5: Photographs","Other materials not related to the IMTFE","DeMartino inscribed the documents with two annotations: a last name and a number. Special Collections kept these annotations between brackets [ ]. ","The ephemeris files consist of a detail account of day to day information that DeMartino filed and organized beginning January 1 - March 10, 1936; and March 10 1941 - 1948."],"names_coll_ssim":["Asahi Shimbun","International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE)","Mainichi Shimbun","Osaka Mainichi","The Japan Times","The Nippon Times","The Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun","DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013","Araki, Sadao, 1877-1966","Bagge, Widar, 1886-1970","Ballantine, Joseph W., 1888-1973","Ching-wei, Wang, 1883-1944","Churchill, Winston S., 1874-1965","Cumming, William P., 1900-1989","Davis, Norman H., 1878-1944","Dooman, Eugene H., 1890-1969","Goering, Hermann Wilhelm, 1893-1946","Gorgé, Camille, 1893-1978","Grew, Joseph C., 1880-1965","Hashimoto, Kingoro, 1890-1957","Hata, Shunroku, 1879-1962","Hatoyama, Ichiro, 1883-1959","Higashikuni, Naruhiko, 1887-1990","Hiranuma, Kiichiro, 1867-1952","Hirohito, Michinomiya, 1901-1989","Hirota, Koki, 1878-1948","Hoshino, Naoki, 1883-1978","Hull, Cordell, 1871-1955","Ishihara, Kanji, 1889-1949","Ishii, Shiro, 1882-1959","Ishiwata, Sotaro, 1891-1950","Itagaki, Seishiro, 1885-1948 ","Iwabuchi, Tatsuo, 1892-1975 ","Kato, Sotomatsu, 1890-1942 ","Kaya, Okinori, 1889-1977 ","Keenan, Joseph B., 1888-1954 ","Kido, Koichi, 1889-1977","Kimura, Heitaro, 1888-1948","Koiso, Kuniaki, 1880-1950 ","Konoe, Fumimaro, 1891-1945","Kurusu, Saburo, 1886-1954","Matsui, Iwane, 1878-1948","Matsumoto, Shunichi, 1897-1987","Matsuoka, Yosuke, 1880-1946","Minami, Jiro, 1874-1955","Muto, Akira, 1892-1948","Nagano, Osami, 1880-1947","Nomura, Kichisaburo, 1877-1964","Nomura, Naokuni, 1885-1973","Oka, Takazumi, 1890-1973","Okada, Keisuke, 1868-1952","Oshima, Hiroshi, 1886-1975","Ribbentrop, Joachim, 1893-1946","Roosevelt, Franklin D., 1882-1945","Sato, Kenryo, 1895-1975","Sawada, Shigeru, 1887-1980","Shigemitsu, Mamoru, 1887-1957","Shimada, Shigetaro, 1883-1976","Shiratori, Toshio, 1887-1949","Sorge, Richard, 1895-1944","Suzuki, Teiichi, 1888-1989","Tanaka, Ryukichi, 1893-1972","Tanaka, Shinichi, 1893-1976","Tani, Masayuki, 1889-1962","Terasaki, Hidenari (Taro), 1890-1951","Togo, Shigenori, 1882-1950","Tojo, Hideki, 1884-1948","Tomita, Kenji, 1897-1977","Toyoda, Teijiro, 1885-1971","Umezu, Yoshijiro, 1882-1949","Welles, Sumner, 1892-1961","Yamamoto, Isoroku, 1884-1943","Yamamoto, Kumaichi","Yoshida, Shigeru, 1878-1967","Yoshizawa, Kenkichi, 1874-1965"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Asahi Shimbun","International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE)","Mainichi Shimbun","Osaka Mainichi","The Japan Times","The Nippon Times","The Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun","DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013","Araki, Sadao, 1877-1966","Bagge, Widar, 1886-1970","Ballantine, Joseph W., 1888-1973","Ching-wei, Wang, 1883-1944","Churchill, Winston S., 1874-1965","Cumming, William P., 1900-1989","Davis, Norman H., 1878-1944","Dooman, Eugene H., 1890-1969","Goering, Hermann Wilhelm, 1893-1946","Gorgé, Camille, 1893-1978","Grew, Joseph C., 1880-1965","Hashimoto, Kingoro, 1890-1957","Hata, Shunroku, 1879-1962","Hatoyama, Ichiro, 1883-1959","Higashikuni, Naruhiko, 1887-1990","Hiranuma, Kiichiro, 1867-1952","Hirohito, Michinomiya, 1901-1989","Hirota, Koki, 1878-1948","Hoshino, Naoki, 1883-1978","Hull, Cordell, 1871-1955","Ishihara, Kanji, 1889-1949","Ishii, Shiro, 1882-1959","Ishiwata, Sotaro, 1891-1950","Itagaki, Seishiro, 1885-1948 ","Iwabuchi, Tatsuo, 1892-1975 ","Kato, Sotomatsu, 1890-1942 ","Kaya, Okinori, 1889-1977 ","Keenan, Joseph B., 1888-1954 ","Kido, Koichi, 1889-1977","Kimura, Heitaro, 1888-1948","Koiso, Kuniaki, 1880-1950 ","Konoe, Fumimaro, 1891-1945","Kurusu, Saburo, 1886-1954","Matsui, Iwane, 1878-1948","Matsumoto, Shunichi, 1897-1987","Matsuoka, Yosuke, 1880-1946","Minami, Jiro, 1874-1955","Muto, Akira, 1892-1948","Nagano, Osami, 1880-1947","Nomura, Kichisaburo, 1877-1964","Nomura, Naokuni, 1885-1973","Oka, Takazumi, 1890-1973","Okada, Keisuke, 1868-1952","Oshima, Hiroshi, 1886-1975","Ribbentrop, Joachim, 1893-1946","Roosevelt, Franklin D., 1882-1945","Sato, Kenryo, 1895-1975","Sawada, Shigeru, 1887-1980","Shigemitsu, Mamoru, 1887-1957","Shimada, Shigetaro, 1883-1976","Shiratori, Toshio, 1887-1949","Sorge, Richard, 1895-1944","Suzuki, Teiichi, 1888-1989","Tanaka, Ryukichi, 1893-1972","Tanaka, Shinichi, 1893-1976","Tani, Masayuki, 1889-1962","Terasaki, Hidenari (Taro), 1890-1951","Togo, Shigenori, 1882-1950","Tojo, Hideki, 1884-1948","Tomita, Kenji, 1897-1977","Toyoda, Teijiro, 1885-1971","Umezu, Yoshijiro, 1882-1949","Welles, Sumner, 1892-1961","Yamamoto, Isoroku, 1884-1943","Yamamoto, Kumaichi","Yoshida, Shigeru, 1878-1967","Yoshizawa, Kenkichi, 1874-1965"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Asahi Shimbun","International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE)","Mainichi Shimbun","Osaka Mainichi","The Japan Times","The Nippon Times","The Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun"],"persname_ssim":["DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013","Araki, Sadao, 1877-1966","Bagge, Widar, 1886-1970","Ballantine, Joseph W., 1888-1973","Ching-wei, Wang, 1883-1944","Churchill, Winston S., 1874-1965","Cumming, William P., 1900-1989","Davis, Norman H., 1878-1944","Dooman, Eugene H., 1890-1969","Goering, Hermann Wilhelm, 1893-1946","Gorgé, Camille, 1893-1978","Grew, Joseph C., 1880-1965","Hashimoto, Kingoro, 1890-1957","Hata, Shunroku, 1879-1962","Hatoyama, Ichiro, 1883-1959","Higashikuni, Naruhiko, 1887-1990","Hiranuma, Kiichiro, 1867-1952","Hirohito, Michinomiya, 1901-1989","Hirota, Koki, 1878-1948","Hoshino, Naoki, 1883-1978","Hull, Cordell, 1871-1955","Ishihara, Kanji, 1889-1949","Ishii, Shiro, 1882-1959","Ishiwata, Sotaro, 1891-1950","Itagaki, Seishiro, 1885-1948 ","Iwabuchi, Tatsuo, 1892-1975 ","Kato, Sotomatsu, 1890-1942 ","Kaya, Okinori, 1889-1977 ","Keenan, Joseph B., 1888-1954 ","Kido, Koichi, 1889-1977","Kimura, Heitaro, 1888-1948","Koiso, Kuniaki, 1880-1950 ","Konoe, Fumimaro, 1891-1945","Kurusu, Saburo, 1886-1954","Matsui, Iwane, 1878-1948","Matsumoto, Shunichi, 1897-1987","Matsuoka, Yosuke, 1880-1946","Minami, Jiro, 1874-1955","Muto, Akira, 1892-1948","Nagano, Osami, 1880-1947","Nomura, Kichisaburo, 1877-1964","Nomura, Naokuni, 1885-1973","Oka, Takazumi, 1890-1973","Okada, Keisuke, 1868-1952","Oshima, Hiroshi, 1886-1975","Ribbentrop, Joachim, 1893-1946","Roosevelt, Franklin D., 1882-1945","Sato, Kenryo, 1895-1975","Sawada, Shigeru, 1887-1980","Shigemitsu, Mamoru, 1887-1957","Shimada, Shigetaro, 1883-1976","Shiratori, Toshio, 1887-1949","Sorge, Richard, 1895-1944","Suzuki, Teiichi, 1888-1989","Tanaka, Ryukichi, 1893-1972","Tanaka, Shinichi, 1893-1976","Tani, Masayuki, 1889-1962","Terasaki, Hidenari (Taro), 1890-1951","Togo, Shigenori, 1882-1950","Tojo, Hideki, 1884-1948","Tomita, Kenji, 1897-1977","Toyoda, Teijiro, 1885-1971","Umezu, Yoshijiro, 1882-1949","Welles, Sumner, 1892-1961","Yamamoto, Isoroku, 1884-1943","Yamamoto, Kumaichi","Yoshida, Shigeru, 1878-1967","Yoshizawa, Kenkichi, 1874-1965"],"language_ssim":["English Japanese"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3261,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:29:28.839Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_612","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_612","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_612","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_612","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_612.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/132893","title_ssm":["Richard J. DeMartino papers"],"title_tesim":["Richard J. DeMartino papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1910 - 1965"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1910 - 1965"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2017.02","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/612"],"text":["MSS.2017.02","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/612","Richard J. DeMartino papers","France -- Foreign relations -- Japan -- 1940-1945","Japan -- History -- February Incident, 1936 (February 26)","Japan -- Foreign relations -- 1912-1945","Netherlands -- Foreign relations -- 1898-1948","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- 1917-1945","Thailand -- Foreign relations -- Japan","Philippines -- History -- Japanese occupation, 1942-1945","Prisoners of war -- Japan","Midway, Battle of, 1942","Bismarck Sea, Battle of, 1943","Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), Attack on, 1941","Thai-Indochinese Conflict, 1940-1941","Tokyo Trial, Tokyo, Japan, 1946-1948","War crime trials -- Japan","World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, Japanese","World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Indonesia","World War, 1939-1945 -- Prisoners and prisons, British","diaries","photographs","Mr. DeMartino personal records show the offer that the General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Forces, Office of Civilian Personnel offer Lt. Richard J. DeMartino as Historical Advisor, P-5 in the \"War Department with duty station in the occupation area (Japan and Korea). The date was April 10, 1946.","In the personal statement that DeMartino filled, he certified that he was born on August 28, 1922 in New York, NY. He attended Galvani Junior High School and Benjamin Franklin High School (1932-1938) and The City College of New York (1938-1942) B.S in Social Sciences. He was member of the Phi Beta Kappa and the History Society. He worked for New York State Civil Service (September – December 1942). In 1942 he entered the US Navy. He was honorably discharged from in July 2, 1943. He also states that he has \"fair\" knowledge of the Italian and Japanese languages and that both his parents were immigrants, born in Italy.","Mr. DeMartino contract as historical advisor terminated on April 17, 1947, but he continued working in the same capacity until May 19, 1948. In his memorandum of resignation DeMartino asks: \n\"permission to retain court record and other materials used in connection with the trial is believed forthcoming. This will require a baggage allowance for shipping in excess of the usual allotment.\" [See DeMartino Civilian Personnel Record folder, box 1]","These files contain excerpts of documents that are not fully classified and of which we do not have certainty of where they come from.  All files have excerpts, notes and some full documents. Just full documents will be added as items records when we find them.","This file contains excerpts of documents that are not fully classified and of which we do not have certainty of where they belonged to.","Foreign Relations of the United States, p. 32","Foreign Relations of the United States, p. 32","These photographs have been digitized.","This collection was organized by Richard J. DeMartino during his tenure as one of the \"historian advisors\" to the International Military Tribunal for the Far East between 1946-1948. ","The files contain excerpts of official documents, documents, and DeMartino's handwritten notes. Excerpts from the diary of Marquis Kōichi Kido are present in each file, as if DeMartino was using Kido's notes as a guide to the research he was working on. There are also many excerpts from Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States Japan: 1931-1941, Washinton: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1943, 2 v.","The collection is divided in 5 series and two files of unrelated materials to the IMTFE:","Series 1: Ephemeris Files – consist of a detail account of day to day information beginning 1 – 10 January 1936- 10 March; 10 March 1941 to 1948.","Series 2: Onomastic Files – consist of files of persons related to the IMTFE.","Series 3: Miscellaneous Files: translations and other related files.","Series 4: Printed materials","Series 5: Photographs","Other materials not related to the IMTFE","DeMartino inscribed the documents with two annotations: a last name and a number. Special Collections kept these annotations between brackets [ ]. ","The ephemeris files consist of a detail account of day to day information that DeMartino filed and organized beginning January 1 - March 10, 1936; and March 10 1941 - 1948.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Asahi Shimbun","International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE)","Mainichi Shimbun","Osaka Mainichi","The Japan Times","The Nippon Times","The Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun","DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013","Araki, Sadao, 1877-1966","Bagge, Widar, 1886-1970","Ballantine, Joseph W., 1888-1973","Ching-wei, Wang, 1883-1944","Churchill, Winston S., 1874-1965","Cumming, William P., 1900-1989","Davis, Norman H., 1878-1944","Dooman, Eugene H., 1890-1969","Goering, Hermann Wilhelm, 1893-1946","Gorgé, Camille, 1893-1978","Grew, Joseph C., 1880-1965","Hashimoto, Kingoro, 1890-1957","Hata, Shunroku, 1879-1962","Hatoyama, Ichiro, 1883-1959","Higashikuni, Naruhiko, 1887-1990","Hiranuma, Kiichiro, 1867-1952","Hirohito, Michinomiya, 1901-1989","Hirota, Koki, 1878-1948","Hoshino, Naoki, 1883-1978","Hull, Cordell, 1871-1955","Ishihara, Kanji, 1889-1949","Ishii, Shiro, 1882-1959","Ishiwata, Sotaro, 1891-1950","Itagaki, Seishiro, 1885-1948 ","Iwabuchi, Tatsuo, 1892-1975 ","Kato, Sotomatsu, 1890-1942 ","Kaya, Okinori, 1889-1977 ","Keenan, Joseph B., 1888-1954 ","Kido, Koichi, 1889-1977","Kimura, Heitaro, 1888-1948","Koiso, Kuniaki, 1880-1950 ","Konoe, Fumimaro, 1891-1945","Kurusu, Saburo, 1886-1954","Matsui, Iwane, 1878-1948","Matsumoto, Shunichi, 1897-1987","Matsuoka, Yosuke, 1880-1946","Minami, Jiro, 1874-1955","Muto, Akira, 1892-1948","Nagano, Osami, 1880-1947","Nomura, Kichisaburo, 1877-1964","Nomura, Naokuni, 1885-1973","Oka, Takazumi, 1890-1973","Okada, Keisuke, 1868-1952","Oshima, Hiroshi, 1886-1975","Ribbentrop, Joachim, 1893-1946","Roosevelt, Franklin D., 1882-1945","Sato, Kenryo, 1895-1975","Sawada, Shigeru, 1887-1980","Shigemitsu, Mamoru, 1887-1957","Shimada, Shigetaro, 1883-1976","Shiratori, Toshio, 1887-1949","Sorge, Richard, 1895-1944","Suzuki, Teiichi, 1888-1989","Tanaka, Ryukichi, 1893-1972","Tanaka, Shinichi, 1893-1976","Tani, Masayuki, 1889-1962","Terasaki, Hidenari (Taro), 1890-1951","Togo, Shigenori, 1882-1950","Tojo, Hideki, 1884-1948","Tomita, Kenji, 1897-1977","Toyoda, Teijiro, 1885-1971","Umezu, Yoshijiro, 1882-1949","Welles, Sumner, 1892-1961","Yamamoto, Isoroku, 1884-1943","Yamamoto, Kumaichi","Yoshida, Shigeru, 1878-1967","Yoshizawa, Kenkichi, 1874-1965","English Japanese"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2017.02","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/612"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richard J. DeMartino papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richard J. DeMartino papers"],"collection_ssim":["Richard J. DeMartino papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["France -- Foreign relations -- Japan -- 1940-1945","Japan -- History -- February Incident, 1936 (February 26)","Japan -- Foreign relations -- 1912-1945","Netherlands -- Foreign relations -- 1898-1948","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- 1917-1945","Thailand -- Foreign relations -- Japan"],"geogname_ssim":["France -- Foreign relations -- Japan -- 1940-1945","Japan -- History -- February Incident, 1936 (February 26)","Japan -- Foreign relations -- 1912-1945","Netherlands -- Foreign relations -- 1898-1948","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- 1917-1945","Thailand -- Foreign relations -- Japan"],"creator_ssm":["DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013"],"creator_ssim":["DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013"],"creator_persname_ssim":["DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013"],"creators_ssim":["DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013"],"places_ssim":["France -- Foreign relations -- Japan -- 1940-1945","Japan -- History -- February Incident, 1936 (February 26)","Japan -- Foreign relations -- 1912-1945","Netherlands -- Foreign relations -- 1898-1948","Soviet Union -- Foreign relations -- 1917-1945","Thailand -- Foreign relations -- Japan"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated to the Law Library in the Summer of 2017. Prof. Jamie Sedwick of Acadia University in Nova Scotia contacted the Special Collections Department to alert us of the existence of the papers and asked if we were interested in them.  The library immediately contacted Ms. Kathleen O'Shea, Mr. DeMartino's wife and after some negotiations the papers arrived in Charlottesville in September of 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Philippines -- History -- Japanese occupation, 1942-1945","Prisoners of war -- Japan","Midway, Battle of, 1942","Bismarck Sea, Battle of, 1943","Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), Attack on, 1941","Thai-Indochinese Conflict, 1940-1941","Tokyo Trial, Tokyo, Japan, 1946-1948","War crime trials -- Japan","World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, Japanese","World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Indonesia","World War, 1939-1945 -- Prisoners and prisons, British","diaries","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Philippines -- History -- Japanese occupation, 1942-1945","Prisoners of war -- Japan","Midway, Battle of, 1942","Bismarck Sea, Battle of, 1943","Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), Attack on, 1941","Thai-Indochinese Conflict, 1940-1941","Tokyo Trial, Tokyo, Japan, 1946-1948","War crime trials -- Japan","World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, Japanese","World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Indonesia","World War, 1939-1945 -- Prisoners and prisons, British","diaries","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14 Cubic Feet 34 archival boxes, plus some oversized items."],"extent_tesim":["14 Cubic Feet 34 archival boxes, plus some oversized items."],"genreform_ssim":["diaries","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMr. DeMartino personal records show the offer that the General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Forces, Office of Civilian Personnel offer Lt. Richard J. DeMartino as Historical Advisor, P-5 in the \"War Department with duty station in the occupation area (Japan and Korea). The date was April 10, 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the personal statement that DeMartino filled, he certified that he was born on August 28, 1922 in New York, NY. He attended Galvani Junior High School and Benjamin Franklin High School (1932-1938) and The City College of New York (1938-1942) B.S in Social Sciences. He was member of the Phi Beta Kappa and the History Society. He worked for New York State Civil Service (September – December 1942). In 1942 he entered the US Navy. He was honorably discharged from in July 2, 1943. He also states that he has \"fair\" knowledge of the Italian and Japanese languages and that both his parents were immigrants, born in Italy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMr. DeMartino contract as historical advisor terminated on April 17, 1947, but he continued working in the same capacity until May 19, 1948. In his memorandum of resignation DeMartino asks: \n\"permission to retain court record and other materials used in connection with the trial is believed forthcoming. This will require a baggage allowance for shipping in excess of the usual allotment.\" [See DeMartino Civilian Personnel Record folder, box 1]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mr. DeMartino personal records show the offer that the General Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Forces, Office of Civilian Personnel offer Lt. Richard J. DeMartino as Historical Advisor, P-5 in the \"War Department with duty station in the occupation area (Japan and Korea). The date was April 10, 1946.","In the personal statement that DeMartino filled, he certified that he was born on August 28, 1922 in New York, NY. He attended Galvani Junior High School and Benjamin Franklin High School (1932-1938) and The City College of New York (1938-1942) B.S in Social Sciences. He was member of the Phi Beta Kappa and the History Society. He worked for New York State Civil Service (September – December 1942). In 1942 he entered the US Navy. He was honorably discharged from in July 2, 1943. He also states that he has \"fair\" knowledge of the Italian and Japanese languages and that both his parents were immigrants, born in Italy.","Mr. DeMartino contract as historical advisor terminated on April 17, 1947, but he continued working in the same capacity until May 19, 1948. In his memorandum of resignation DeMartino asks: \n\"permission to retain court record and other materials used in connection with the trial is believed forthcoming. This will require a baggage allowance for shipping in excess of the usual allotment.\" [See DeMartino Civilian Personnel Record folder, box 1]"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese files contain excerpts of documents that are not fully classified and of which we do not have certainty of where they come from.  All files have excerpts, notes and some full documents. Just full documents will be added as items records when we find them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains excerpts of documents that are not fully classified and of which we do not have certainty of where they belonged to.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForeign Relations of the United States, p. 32\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForeign Relations of the United States, p. 32\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese photographs have been digitized.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["These files contain excerpts of documents that are not fully classified and of which we do not have certainty of where they come from.  All files have excerpts, notes and some full documents. Just full documents will be added as items records when we find them.","This file contains excerpts of documents that are not fully classified and of which we do not have certainty of where they belonged to.","Foreign Relations of the United States, p. 32","Foreign Relations of the United States, p. 32","These photographs have been digitized."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was organized by Richard J. DeMartino during his tenure as one of the \"historian advisors\" to the International Military Tribunal for the Far East between 1946-1948. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe files contain excerpts of official documents, documents, and DeMartino's handwritten notes. Excerpts from the diary of Marquis Kōichi Kido are present in each file, as if DeMartino was using Kido's notes as a guide to the research he was working on. There are also many excerpts from Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States Japan: 1931-1941, Washinton: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1943, 2 v.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided in 5 series and two files of unrelated materials to the IMTFE:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Ephemeris Files – consist of a detail account of day to day information beginning 1 – 10 January 1936- 10 March; 10 March 1941 to 1948.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Onomastic Files – consist of files of persons related to the IMTFE.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Miscellaneous Files: translations and other related files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Printed materials\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Photographs\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials not related to the IMTFE\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeMartino inscribed the documents with two annotations: a last name and a number. Special Collections kept these annotations between brackets [ ]. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe ephemeris files consist of a detail account of day to day information that DeMartino filed and organized beginning January 1 - March 10, 1936; and March 10 1941 - 1948.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection was organized by Richard J. DeMartino during his tenure as one of the \"historian advisors\" to the International Military Tribunal for the Far East between 1946-1948. ","The files contain excerpts of official documents, documents, and DeMartino's handwritten notes. Excerpts from the diary of Marquis Kōichi Kido are present in each file, as if DeMartino was using Kido's notes as a guide to the research he was working on. There are also many excerpts from Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States Japan: 1931-1941, Washinton: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1943, 2 v.","The collection is divided in 5 series and two files of unrelated materials to the IMTFE:","Series 1: Ephemeris Files – consist of a detail account of day to day information beginning 1 – 10 January 1936- 10 March; 10 March 1941 to 1948.","Series 2: Onomastic Files – consist of files of persons related to the IMTFE.","Series 3: Miscellaneous Files: translations and other related files.","Series 4: Printed materials","Series 5: Photographs","Other materials not related to the IMTFE","DeMartino inscribed the documents with two annotations: a last name and a number. Special Collections kept these annotations between brackets [ ]. ","The ephemeris files consist of a detail account of day to day information that DeMartino filed and organized beginning January 1 - March 10, 1936; and March 10 1941 - 1948."],"names_coll_ssim":["Asahi Shimbun","International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE)","Mainichi Shimbun","Osaka Mainichi","The Japan Times","The Nippon Times","The Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun","DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013","Araki, Sadao, 1877-1966","Bagge, Widar, 1886-1970","Ballantine, Joseph W., 1888-1973","Ching-wei, Wang, 1883-1944","Churchill, Winston S., 1874-1965","Cumming, William P., 1900-1989","Davis, Norman H., 1878-1944","Dooman, Eugene H., 1890-1969","Goering, Hermann Wilhelm, 1893-1946","Gorgé, Camille, 1893-1978","Grew, Joseph C., 1880-1965","Hashimoto, Kingoro, 1890-1957","Hata, Shunroku, 1879-1962","Hatoyama, Ichiro, 1883-1959","Higashikuni, Naruhiko, 1887-1990","Hiranuma, Kiichiro, 1867-1952","Hirohito, Michinomiya, 1901-1989","Hirota, Koki, 1878-1948","Hoshino, Naoki, 1883-1978","Hull, Cordell, 1871-1955","Ishihara, Kanji, 1889-1949","Ishii, Shiro, 1882-1959","Ishiwata, Sotaro, 1891-1950","Itagaki, Seishiro, 1885-1948 ","Iwabuchi, Tatsuo, 1892-1975 ","Kato, Sotomatsu, 1890-1942 ","Kaya, Okinori, 1889-1977 ","Keenan, Joseph B., 1888-1954 ","Kido, Koichi, 1889-1977","Kimura, Heitaro, 1888-1948","Koiso, Kuniaki, 1880-1950 ","Konoe, Fumimaro, 1891-1945","Kurusu, Saburo, 1886-1954","Matsui, Iwane, 1878-1948","Matsumoto, Shunichi, 1897-1987","Matsuoka, Yosuke, 1880-1946","Minami, Jiro, 1874-1955","Muto, Akira, 1892-1948","Nagano, Osami, 1880-1947","Nomura, Kichisaburo, 1877-1964","Nomura, Naokuni, 1885-1973","Oka, Takazumi, 1890-1973","Okada, Keisuke, 1868-1952","Oshima, Hiroshi, 1886-1975","Ribbentrop, Joachim, 1893-1946","Roosevelt, Franklin D., 1882-1945","Sato, Kenryo, 1895-1975","Sawada, Shigeru, 1887-1980","Shigemitsu, Mamoru, 1887-1957","Shimada, Shigetaro, 1883-1976","Shiratori, Toshio, 1887-1949","Sorge, Richard, 1895-1944","Suzuki, Teiichi, 1888-1989","Tanaka, Ryukichi, 1893-1972","Tanaka, Shinichi, 1893-1976","Tani, Masayuki, 1889-1962","Terasaki, Hidenari (Taro), 1890-1951","Togo, Shigenori, 1882-1950","Tojo, Hideki, 1884-1948","Tomita, Kenji, 1897-1977","Toyoda, Teijiro, 1885-1971","Umezu, Yoshijiro, 1882-1949","Welles, Sumner, 1892-1961","Yamamoto, Isoroku, 1884-1943","Yamamoto, Kumaichi","Yoshida, Shigeru, 1878-1967","Yoshizawa, Kenkichi, 1874-1965"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Asahi Shimbun","International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE)","Mainichi Shimbun","Osaka Mainichi","The Japan Times","The Nippon Times","The Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun","DeMartino, Richard J., 1922-2013","Araki, Sadao, 1877-1966","Bagge, Widar, 1886-1970","Ballantine, Joseph W., 1888-1973","Ching-wei, Wang, 1883-1944","Churchill, Winston S., 1874-1965","Cumming, William P., 1900-1989","Davis, Norman H., 1878-1944","Dooman, Eugene H., 1890-1969","Goering, Hermann Wilhelm, 1893-1946","Gorgé, Camille, 1893-1978","Grew, Joseph C., 1880-1965","Hashimoto, Kingoro, 1890-1957","Hata, Shunroku, 1879-1962","Hatoyama, Ichiro, 1883-1959","Higashikuni, Naruhiko, 1887-1990","Hiranuma, Kiichiro, 1867-1952","Hirohito, Michinomiya, 1901-1989","Hirota, Koki, 1878-1948","Hoshino, Naoki, 1883-1978","Hull, Cordell, 1871-1955","Ishihara, Kanji, 1889-1949","Ishii, Shiro, 1882-1959","Ishiwata, Sotaro, 1891-1950","Itagaki, Seishiro, 1885-1948 ","Iwabuchi, Tatsuo, 1892-1975 ","Kato, Sotomatsu, 1890-1942 ","Kaya, Okinori, 1889-1977 ","Keenan, Joseph B., 1888-1954 ","Kido, Koichi, 1889-1977","Kimura, Heitaro, 1888-1948","Koiso, Kuniaki, 1880-1950 ","Konoe, Fumimaro, 1891-1945","Kurusu, Saburo, 1886-1954","Matsui, Iwane, 1878-1948","Matsumoto, Shunichi, 1897-1987","Matsuoka, Yosuke, 1880-1946","Minami, Jiro, 1874-1955","Muto, Akira, 1892-1948","Nagano, Osami, 1880-1947","Nomura, Kichisaburo, 1877-1964","Nomura, Naokuni, 1885-1973","Oka, Takazumi, 1890-1973","Okada, Keisuke, 1868-1952","Oshima, Hiroshi, 1886-1975","Ribbentrop, Joachim, 1893-1946","Roosevelt, Franklin D., 1882-1945","Sato, Kenryo, 1895-1975","Sawada, Shigeru, 1887-1980","Shigemitsu, Mamoru, 1887-1957","Shimada, Shigetaro, 1883-1976","Shiratori, Toshio, 1887-1949","Sorge, Richard, 1895-1944","Suzuki, Teiichi, 1888-1989","Tanaka, Ryukichi, 1893-1972","Tanaka, Shinichi, 1893-1976","Tani, Masayuki, 1889-1962","Terasaki, Hidenari (Taro), 1890-1951","Togo, Shigenori, 1882-1950","Tojo, Hideki, 1884-1948","Tomita, Kenji, 1897-1977","Toyoda, Teijiro, 1885-1971","Umezu, Yoshijiro, 1882-1949","Welles, Sumner, 1892-1961","Yamamoto, Isoroku, 1884-1943","Yamamoto, Kumaichi","Yoshida, Shigeru, 1878-1967","Yoshizawa, Kenkichi, 1874-1965"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. 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It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_838#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_838.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/103243","title_filing_ssi":"Maclean, Sir Fitzroy, papers","title_ssm":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"title_tesim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1827-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1827-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 11487","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/838"],"text":["MSS 11487","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/838","Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers","letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs","Collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged in four main series, with various subseries: ","Series I: Career and Personal Papers (Boxes 1-11) ","Subseries A: Diplomatic Service (Box 1) ","Subseries B: British Military Mission to Yugoslavia (Boxes 1-2) ","Subseries C: Special Refugee Commission (Boxes 2-3) ","Subseries D: Political Correspondence (Box 3) ","Subseries E: VIP Material (Boxes 3-4) ","Subseries F: Yugoslavia \u0026 Tito Related Material (Boxes 4-8) ","Subseries G: Family \u0026 Personal Papers (Boxes 9-10) ","Subseries H: Honors \u0026 Decorations (Boxes 10- 11) ","Series II: Literary Papers - Books, Television \u0026 Radio Scripts, Articles, etc. ","Subseries A: Eastern Approaches Material (Boxes 12-15) ","Subseries B: Yugoslavia Related Material, including Books (Boxes 15-21); and Articles, Book Reviews, Lectures, Radio \u0026 Television, \u0026 Research (Boxes 21-26) ","Subseries C: Russia \u0026 the Former Soviet Union Material, including Books (Boxes 26-40); Articles (Boxes 41-43); Book Reviews \u0026 Lectures (Boxes 43-45); and Radio \u0026 Television (Boxes 45-46) ","Subseries D: Scotland Material, including Books (Boxes 46-57), Highlanders Television Series (Boxes 57-58), and Articles, Book Reviews and Lectures (Boxes 59-60) ","Subseries E: Miscellaneous Literary Material, including Take Nine Spies (Boxes 60-63), Articles (Boxes 64-66); Book Reviews, Introductions, Lectures \u0026 Speeches and Literary Correspondence (Boxes 67-68); and Radio and Television (Boxes 68-69) ","Series III: Photographic Material (Boxes 70-93)","Series IV: Sir Fitzroy Maclean Additional Papers (Boxes 94-102 ","re the Threat of Soviet Expansion in Asia","Parlimentary Delegation to Romania","Fitzroy Hew Royle Maclean was born in 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to Charles Maclean, a major in the British army, and Gladys Royle Maclean. He was raised in Scotland, India, and Italy and attended Eton (1924-28), the University of Marburg in Germany (1929), and Kings' College, Cambridge (1929-32) where he won a senior scholarship and first class honors. He entered the Foreign Office in 1934 and was first posted to Paris, and then to Moscow in 1937 where he served as the Third Secretary in the British Embassy. Stalin's purges were at their height during Maclean's two years in the Soviet Union, and he was present at the state trial of Nikolai Bukharin in 1938. He also made journeys to remote areas of the Soviet Union such as Central Asia and the Caucasus where few if any foreigners had been for many years. In 1939 he returned to London and worked in the Foreign Office on Russian affairs."," When World War II broke out, he wanted to enlist in the military, but as a diplomat was in a \"reserved\" position and was not allowed to do so. He learned that the only way to be released from the Foreign Office was to declare himself a candidate for Parliament, and so he was returned for the constituency of Lancaster at a by-election in 1941. He joined the Cameron Highlanders regiment in the British army as a private, and then the new Special Air Service (SAS) and served in the Western Desert, where he participated in the raid on Benghazi along with SAS founder David Stirling and Randolph Churchill, and foiled a coup in Persia by kidnapping General Zahidi who had collaborated with the Germans."," In July 1943 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Maclean to serve as his personal representative and Brigadier commanding a British Military Mission to Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Communist Partisans in German-occupied Yugoslavia. At this stage of the war, there was a debate in the British government over which Yugoslav resistance group it should support - Tito's Partisans or Draza Mihalovich's Cetniks. In September Maclean was dropped by parachute into Bosnia and met Tito, and subsequently reported to Churchill that the Partisans were the more effective fighting force and would benefit from additional British and American aid. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to withdraw from Yugoslavia Maclean planned \"Operation Ratweek\" for the first week of September, a coordinated Allied and Partisan attack on enemy communications which proved quite successful. In the course of his mission, which lasted until 1945, he became a friend and admirer of Tito. In 1947 Maclean was asked to head the Special Refugee Commission which had the sensitive task of screening of tens of thousands of Yugoslav and Ukrainian Displaced Persons, some of whom were alleged to have committed war crimes, in Italy and Austria."," After completing this assignment, Maclean focused on politics, representing Lancaster until 1959 and Bute and North Ayrshire from 1959-1974, and served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for War from 1954-1957. He was chairman of the Committee of the North Atlantic Assembly from 1964-1974. Maclean's friendship with Tito and frequent visits to Yugoslavia allowed him to play a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav relations. In the 1960's he purchased a home on the island of Korcula, becoming one of the few foreigners allowed to own property in Yugoslavia. Maclean also maintained a keen interest in the Soviet Union where he traveled extensively and he served as chairman of the Great Britain-USSR Association. He lectured frequently in the United Kingdom and the United States on Yugoslav and Soviet affairs."," Maclean's literary career was launched in 1949 with the publication of Eastern Approaches, a memoir of his experiences as a diplomat and soldier, which was acclaimed by critics and became a best-seller. This was followed in 1957 by a biography of Tito,  Disputed Barricade, A Person from England (1958), describing the adventures of English travelers in Central Asia, and in 1958,  Back to Bokhara (1959), and a number of books, articles and book reviews on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other subjects."," A third focal point of his writing was Scotland, and he published  A Concise History of Scotland , (1970),  The Isles of the Sea , a collection of West Highland folk tales (1985),  Bonnie Prince Charlie , (1988) and  Highlanders (1995). Along with establishing a reputation as the author of entertaining and informative works that blended his travel experiences and historical research, he turned his attention to radio and television, working on a number of documentary programs including  The Road to Samarkand and  The Life and Times of Marshal Tito and two major series.  Portrait of the Soviet Union and  Highlanders ."," Maclean was made a baronet in 1957 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1993, and was the recipient of many honors and decorations including the Commander of the British Empire, the Croix de Guerre, the Order of Kutusov, and the Partisan Star, and several honorary degrees."," In 1946 Maclean married a widow with two children, Veronica (Fraser) Phipps, daughter of the 16th Lord Lovat. They had two sons, James and Charles. In 1957 the Macleans purchased Strachur, an estate in Argyllshire in the Scottish Highlands, and later operated a hotel on the estate, the Creggans Inn, which became known for its good food, drink, and hospitality. Maclean continued to be extremely active into his eighties and kept up a busy schedule of writing, lecturing and traveling. He died of a heart attack while swimming at a friend's house in June 1996. In Maclean's later years, there was speculation that he had been the inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond.","This Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.","Maclean is best known for his role during World War II as head of the British military mission to Yugoslavia in which he served as Winston Churchill's personal representative to leader of the Communist Partisans, Josip Broz Tito, his diplomatic service in the Soviet Union in the late 1930's, and as the author of the classic memoir Eastern Approaches (1949) and many other books and articles. After the war, he pursued a political career as a Conservative member of Parliament, and, based on his close relationship with Tito, played a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav affairs. He was also noted for his expertise on the Soviet Union."," A third focal point of his life and career was Scotland: he was a proud member of Clan Maclean and wrote several works on Scottish history, biography, and folklore. The collection contains some material in Serbo-Croatian, German, Italian and French."," The papers are arranged in four main series with various sub-series. Items of particular interest in the First Series, Career and Personal Papers, are described in the following paragraphs devoted to each subseries. In the Diplomatic Subseries are dispatches and memoranda of his trips through Central Asia (including Afghanistan and the ancient cities Bokhara and Samarkand) and the Caucasus, on the situation in Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the political stability of the Soviet Union, 1937-1939."," The subseries British Military Mission to Yugoslavia contains Winston Churchill's Minute concerning his Mission to Tito, Autograph Diary (2 pages) re his arrival in Yugoslavia, \"Ratweek\" Map (oversize), twelve files (labeled Top Secret) including memoranda, correspondence, telegrams, etc concerning military and political affairs such as Allied operations and aid to Tito's Partisans, formation of the Yugoslav government, relief, the visit of Field Marshal Alexander, Supreme Allied Commander to Belgrade, Macedonia, Prospect of South Slav federation, and correspondence with Evelyn Waugh."," The Special Refugee Commission subseries contains correspondence, telegrams, reports, including one submitted to Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, articles, and a draft of a speech on the refugee problems to a parliamentary committee."," Political correspondence includes papers concerning the Lancaster by-election of 1941, the general election of 1945, and correspondence with Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas- Home, Peter Carrington, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Robert Kennedy, John Lindsay, Henry Jackson, and Averell Harriman ; a memorandum to Field Marshal Alexander of Tunis concerning irregular warfare; and correspondence and memoranda related to a parliamentary delegation to Romania in 1973."," Material in the VIP Subseries includes: letters and notes from members of the Royal Family including Prince Charles, Princess Margaret, Elizabeth the Queen Mother; Clementine Churchill and Mary Churchill Soames; and a thank you note from Lauren Bacall."," The Yugoslavia and Tito Subseries contains significant material including memoranda of meetings with Tito in 1949,1950, 1953, 1968, 1973; informative accounts by Maclean and other British officers about the Military Mission in World War II for an official book published by Muzej AVNOJ (1970-1971); correspondence about Maclean's involvement in proposals for the publication of Tito's memoirs (1966-1977) and about the nomination of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize (1972-1973); correspondence and papers by Maclean and others from a conference on British Policy and Resistance in the Balkans (1973); Briefing papers, correspondence and memoranda of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Yugoslavia in 1977, and correspondence and memorabilia pertaining to the Prince of Wales' visit in 1978; correspondence about Maclean's visit in 1989 and transcript of an interview with Prime Minister Ante Markovic."," For the 1990's, the time of war and the dissolution of Yugoslavia , there is correspondence with David Owen, Stevan Dedijer and others, and about the Korcula Emergency Appeal, a relief effort for a hospital on the island of Korcula, Croatia, organized by the Macleans; letters from Yugoslav friends describing the turmoil , and/or seeking assistance in finding jobs in the United Kingdom; correspondence about renewed controversy about the British Military Mission in World War II. and the Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case concerning the repatriation of Yugoslavs in 1945. It should also be noted that in Series II, Subseries B, Literary Material pertaining to Yugoslavia, there is some correspondence filed with the manuscripts, typescripts, articles and radio and television transcripts."," The Subseries Family and Personal Papers has letters from friends and teachers, some in German, French, and Italian. In a significant group of letters to his parents (1939-1945) from London, Cairo, Belgrade, and elsewhere, Maclean discussed the international situation, his desire to leave the Foreign Office in order to join the army, life in London during the Blitz, the beginning of his political career, and his military service (some letters were extensively cut by the censors). There are also a number of letters to his parents from the years 1946-1955 from Maclean and his wife Veronica discussing family matters and living conditions in Italy and Austria while Maclean was directing the Special Refugee Commission, and about their travels in Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey in the early 1950's."," Also present is correspondence with Frank McLynn, his biographer, 1990-1994, and two scrapbooks. The blue scrapbook (1939-1951) includes one letter of Maclean to his aunt, newspaper clippings relating to his military service in Yugoslavia, his marriage, some articles by him, a few photographs. The red scrapbook, 1943-1946 also has newspaper clippings about his military service and political career and articles by him."," The Second Series consists of literary papers. This series contains drafts, typescripts, setting copies of his books with related correspondence with publishers and others about the publication process, contracts, royalty statements, book reviews, fan mail, articles, book reviews, speeches, lectures, transcripts of radio and television programs, film proposals or treatments. Several of his books were published under different titles in the United States. It is organized into five subseries based on subject matter. These include:  Eastern Approaches (American title-  Escape to Adventure ); Yugoslavia (the country as originally constituted and also the new states that emerged in the 1990's); Russia and the former Soviet Union and the new nations post 1990); Scotland; and Miscellaneous Literary."," The subseries about  Eastern Approaches contains a typed manuscript (Setting copy) with corrections, including an unpublished introduction; some material omitted from the published version including his admiration for a Soviet army unit, comments on the Cetniks, and conversations with King George VI and Winston Churchill and King Peter of Yugoslavia; letters from Michael Adeane, Secretary to King George VI and Winston Churchill requesting that certain passages be omitted; a letter from Peter Fleming to Jonathan Cape offering his opinion of the book, a letter from Ian Fleming to Jonathan Cape and a note to Maclean."," Other material includes correspondence with Jonathan Cape and other publishers about a new edition, correspondence with Douglas Fairbanks, Eric Ambler and others concerning a possible film version, and with Ian Curteis about a proposed television adaptation."," The Yugoslavia Subseries includes books:  Disputed Barricade (1957), published in America as  The Heretic , which includes an interview with Tito;  Yugoslavia (1969), in which Maclean wrote the text for this book of photographs;  Battle of Neretva (1970); and  Tito: A Pictorial Biography (1980). Also present are articles from newspapers and magazines, 1947-1995, on Yugoslav politics and society, including interviews with Tito. Particularly interesting are two unpublished articles \"Whither Yugoslavia?\" written in 1989 based on interviews with Yugoslav politicians, including Slobodan Milosevic. There are also a number of book reviews of works by Julian Amery, William Deakin, Noel Malcolm and Misha Glenny and others."," In addition, the subseries on Yugoslavia contains lectures, 1949-1995; transcripts of radio and television programs, with related correspondence; and some interviews with Tito, notably The \"Life and Times of Marshal Tito\" (December 1963); and one for a CBS news program (1969)."," The Russian Material Subseries contains drafts, correspondence, and research material for his books  A Person from England (1958), including several autograph letters,1827-1861, of Dr. Joseph Wolff, one of the English travelers chronicled in the book;  Back to Bokhara (1959);  Holy Russia (1978); drafts titled \"All the Russias\" and \"The Other Russias,\" which were the basis for  To the Back of Beyond (1974),  To Caucasus: End of All the Earth (1976); and  Holy Russia (1978) which completed the trilogy;  Portrait of the Soviet Union (1988), including material for both the book and the related TBS television series since Maclean was working on these simultaneously; and  All the Russias (1992). Correspondents include Pamela Harriman, Marietta Tree and Fitzgerald Bemiss."," In addition to his books about Russia and the Soviet Union, his papers also contain articles, 1949-1995 on political, social, economic, cultural aspects of the former Soviet Union, a number on Georgia and the Caucasus, and Mikhail Gorbachev; book reviews, 1949-1994; and radio and television material, such as correspondence and transcripts for programs, including \"The End of All the Earth\" and \"Carnival in the Caucasus\"; interviews with Anna Mikhailovna Larina (Bukharin's widow) and others for the BBC \"Timewatch\" program \"Bukharin.\""," The subseries concerning his Scotland material includes books,  A Concise History of Scotland (1970);  Isles of the Sea (1985);  Bonnie Prince Charlie (1988); and  Highlanders (originally titled  Clans ) (1995). Material for the book and television series are combined since Maclean was working on them simultaneously. Among the articles on Scotland is a notable series \"Scottish Approaches\" which appeared in  The Scotsman in 1959."," The last subseries in Maclean's Literary Papers consists of miscellaneous literary material, including material for the book  Take Nine Spies . There is also correspondence with publishers in which he discusses more than one book, and with his literary agents."," Articles are arranged chronologically, and topics range from post World War II Japan, Korea, Italy, the Middle East, and defense policy to China and Mongolia in the 1960's, an extended trip to China in 1988, and his travels in Nepal, Tibet, and Oman in the 1990's. There are also articles about his military, diplomatic, political and literary career, his travels, and personal life, and note that others are contained in two scrapbooks. The radio and television material includes his commentaries on the international scene from 1946 on."," Photographic Material comprises the third series, which contains twenty-four boxes of photographs (some in albums), contact sheets, negatives, and slides, taken by Maclean, primarily of his travels in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Asia, from 1938 through the 1990's. Especially noteworthy are those taken in Moscow, Leningrad, and Central Asia, including Afghanistan, the cities Bokhara and Samarkand, and Persia, Paris and Florence in the late 1930's, Yugoslavia during World War II, postwar Korean and China, and of Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Iran in the early 1950's. Maclean visited the former Soviet Union frequently from the late 1950's through 1987 and took numerous photographs of his favorite regions, Central Asia and the Caucasus, particularly Georgia."," As for Yugoslavia, there is an album dated 1953 labeled Namanevru Jugoslovenska Narodne, Armije (Yugoslav People's Army) with photographs of Tito, Maclean, and soldiers; and photographs from the early 1960's through 1980 including a number of photographs of Tito. Individuals subjects include Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There are also many family photographs taken at Maclean's homes Beechfield and Strachur, and of friends. The photographs used in  Eastern Approaches ,  Disputed Barricade ,  A Person from England , and  Bonnie Prince Charlie are also in this section.\n \n The fourth series consists of two small additions to the papers and include some correpondence files, such as congratulatory letters about his appointment as Under Secretary for War in 1954 and his Baronetcy in 1957, his letters published in the press, and the Great Britain-USSR Association; files on his participation in various conferences concerning Yugoslavia and War War II; election campaign materials of Maclean; Notebooks, including \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June); news articles; speeches by Maclean, including printed speeches published in \"Parliamentary Debates\"; passports; pocket and desk diaries; first drafts of \"Eastern Approaches\"; a file on guerilla warfare; a copy of a 1938 Report on Central Asia by Maclean; and Veronica Maclean's description about her first meeting with Josip Broz Tito in 1947.","re Appointments to London, Paris, and Moscow and his resignation from the Foreign Office","re Maclean's Mission to Tito and an Extract from  The Second World War","including \"The Partisan Movement in Yugoslavia\" and \"Note on the Present Military and Political Situation in Serbia\"","Drafts of Statement on the Extent of British Aid to the Partisans","re Appointments and Impact on Service to Constituency","re Irregular Warfare and Correspondence with Field Marshall Earl Alexander of Tunis and Others","re Vietnam War","re the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia","re Interview with Vice-President Bodnaras of Romania; Meeting with Tito; and Draft Article on Sino-Soviet Border","re Winston Churchill","re E.C. Grants for Argyll and Bute","re Consideration of Fitzroy Maclean as Governor of Cyprus","re a Resignation to Veronica Maclean","re his serving as godfather to her daughter, Charlotte","re British Press Coverage of Yugoslavia","re Simic Cureija","re Visit with Tito, with note from Jack Coville, Secretary to Winston Churchill","re Tito","re Korcula","re the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia","re Visit to Yugoslavia for 25th Anniversary of National Liberation, includes photographs of Maclean and Willian Deakin","Decoration Awarded to Fitzroy Maclean","Proposed British Decorations of Yugoslavs","re Yugoslav Students in Britain","re Allied Mission to Yugoslavia in World War II for Muzej AVNOJ","re Korcula, Yugoslavia, Town Twinning with Argyll and Bute, Scotland","re Maclean's Efforts in Support of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize","re British Policy towards the Balkan Resistance Movements","re Meeting with Tito","re Research and Annual Summaries (Copies) of Events in Yugoslavia, 1957-1972","re Margaret Thatcher's Trip, with Official Program","re the Prince of Wales' Visit to Yugoslavia","re Fitzroy Maclean's article for the British-Yugoslav Society on the Prince of Wales' visit","re Arrangements for the British Delegation to Tito's Funeral","re Official Visit of Fitzroy Maclean","re Program of Economic Reform","re his biography of Tito","re Controversy over British Military Mission in World War II","re BBC \"Timewatch: Tito\" Program","re a Yugoslav Detainee in 1945","re Korcula, Croatia Emergency Appeal","re Benefit Concert for Dubrovnik","re Owen's Mission","re Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case (Repatriations in 1945)","re Tito Memoirs and other projects","re Purchase of \"Beechfield\"","re Ticonderoga story","re Purchase of \"Creggans Inn\"","re  Fitzroy Maclean","re Evelyn Waugh biography","re Fitzroy Maclean","re Fitzroy Maclean and Articles by him","re Awarding of Baronetcy and Arms","re Honorary Degree from the University of Glasgow","re Honorary Degree from Acadia University","re Honorary Degree from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Fitzroy Maclean and Tito","re Honorary Degree from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Fitzroy Maclean and Tito, signed by Josip Broz Tito and Madame Jovanka Broz","re Honorary Degree from Dundee University","re Special Air Service","re the 23rd Special Air Service Regiment","re Installation of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of theThistle","re Installation of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle","re Appointment of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle--Congratulations","re Appointment of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle","Order of the Thistle Ceremony","re Freedom of Argyll and Bute","re omitting part of an interview with the King about Yugoslavia from his book","with comments about what Maclean had written about himself in the book","thanking him for the copy of his book sent to the King","re Publicity","Translations","re American Edition","re German Edition","re Paperback Edition","re Proposed Film, with a copy of the script for the film, April 1956","re Proposed TV Series","re Proposed TV Series","re Yugoslav Edition","re Yugoslav Edition","Letter of thanks on behalf of Tito","re American Edition,  The Heretic","re Translations","re German Forces in Yugoslavia","including \"The Fourth Enemy Offensive\" and some in Serbo-Croatian","re Book Promotion Tour in Yugoslavia","re Book Promotion Tour in Yugoslavia","including some correspondence and notes","re Korcula by Charles Maclean","Unpublished","re of BBC Radio Broadcast on Mission to Tito","re Tito obituary for BBC Radio","re BBC Radio \"I Was There\"","re Film \"General from Strachur\"","re BBC Television Tito Obituary","re Tito Interview for CBS News","re Proposed BBC Programs","re Proposed Film on Tito","re BBC Program on the S.O.E. (Special Operations Executive)","re BBC Program on Evelyn Waugh","re Miscellaneous Television and Film Projects","re BBC Program \"Ratlines\"","re VPRO Program","re New Edition","re Proposed Film","re Research","re Translations","Original Letters of Joseph Wolff and Correspondence with Ancient Light Bookshop","Transcripts and Copies of Letters of Charles Stoddart and others from the Public Records Office","re American Edition and Other Projects","re Copyright Renewal","re German edition","re the Sino Russian Border in  Life","re the Caucasus Region","Correspondence re","re the Bukharin Trial in Moscow \u0026 Interview with his widow","re Mikhail Gorbachev","re Georgia in  The Sunday Times","re Azerbaijan","re Georgia, including notes and drafts","re Georgia in  The Scotsman Magazine","re Azerbaijan","re Caucasus","re Mikhail Gorbachov","re Mikhail Gorbachev in honor of Hugh Seton-Watson","given at Foyle's Lunch","re Georgia","re Georgia","re a New Edition","re an American Edition","re a German Edition","August 1, 1996 from Edwin Moore to Veronica Maclean","re German Edition","re reprint as  West Highland Tales","re Publicity \u0026 Book Reviews","re Publicity","re \"Scotland in Parliament\"","re Japan","re Asia","re Korea","re Italy","re the Middle East","re Persia","re Defense of Great Britain","re Greece","re Libya during World War II","re Turkey","re China \"Inside Red China\"","re China Trip","re China \"Peking Revisited,\" \"Don't Let China Stew in Her Own Juice,\" and \"Eyewitnesses in China\"","re Mongolia","re Sir Winston Churchill","Mongolia","re the Black Sea, including one by Veronica Maclean","re Defense of Europe: \"Nuclear Deterrence and Conventional Forces,\" with Correspondence","re China--Trip to Kashgar in Chinese Turkestan, including Correspondence","re Nepal and Bhutan","re Germany","re David Stirling for  Dictionary of National Biography and Correspondence","re Canary Islands","re Oman","re Tibet--Correspondence, Travel Arrangements, and Memorabilia","re Tibet","re the Channel Tunnel","re Fitzroy Maclean, some in German, French, Serbo-Croatian, Swedish, and Dutch","re Tibet","re Publication of Evelyn Waugh's Diaries, which include references to Fitzroy Maclean","re Invitation to Frankfurt","re German Translations of  Isles of the Sea and  Eastern Approaches","re Proposed Book of Interviews including Fitzroy Maclean","some accompanied by correspondence, including: Violet Asquith, Nancy Astor, Charles Bohlen, John Bute, Nicolae Causescu, Earl Cawdor, Thomas Churchill, John Clarke, the Queen Mother, Lord Lovat, Charles Maclean, Andrew Maxwell, Paddy Mayne and Bill Elliot, Iain Moncrieffe, Peter Moore, David Scott, David Stirling, and Lord Ward","People","Environs \u0026 Monasteries","GUM Store, Race Track, \u0026 Fashions","The Kremlin \u0026 Red Square","The file includes a draft of a 1968 letter to Aleksey Aleksandrovich Surkov, President of the USSR - Great Britain Society, also includes letters to and from the Baroness Asquith of Yarnbury (\"Violet\").","Notebooks include \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June), circa 1943-1958","Includes Maclean's undated notes on Soviet history up to \"Glasnost,\" notes on the \"Council of Europe,\" (1973); series of letters between Sir Charles Peake, British Embassy, and Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1946-1953.","These include a speech before the Boarding House and Catering Association, one mentioning nuclear deterrence, and international events.","This addition contains two letters written by Fitzroy Maclean and John Baldock to Helen F. Moore of Leicester, England. A typewritten letter from Maclean to Baldock addresses Moore's concern regarding rioting by South Koreans in the vicinity of the Troops Rest Center at Inchon and her request to move the Center. He reviews her concern, noting that the demonstrations were against the Neutral Nations Armistice Commission and took place six and a half miles from the Center. He notes that the Center was not affected by the rioting and that, after careful consideration, the Center would remain open and not move to another area. The second item is a cover letter from John Baldock forwarding Maclean's response to Ms. Moore.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996","Materials are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 11487","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/838"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"collection_ssim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"creator_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"creators_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by the University of Virginia Library on November 30, 1998. The first addition, consisting of the desk diaries of Sir Fitzroy Maclean (MSS 11487-a), was received on March 7, 2003, and the second addition (ViU20160030) was received on December 1, 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["44 Cubic Feet 102 document boxes, 2 os folders"],"extent_tesim":["44 Cubic Feet 102 document boxes, 2 os folders"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in four main series, with various subseries: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Career and Personal Papers (Boxes 1-11) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A: Diplomatic Service (Box 1) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B: British Military Mission to Yugoslavia (Boxes 1-2) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C: Special Refugee Commission (Boxes 2-3) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D: Political Correspondence (Box 3) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E: VIP Material (Boxes 3-4) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries F: Yugoslavia \u0026amp; Tito Related Material (Boxes 4-8) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries G: Family \u0026amp; Personal Papers (Boxes 9-10) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries H: Honors \u0026amp; Decorations (Boxes 10- 11) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Literary Papers - Books, Television \u0026amp; Radio Scripts, Articles, etc. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A: Eastern Approaches Material (Boxes 12-15) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B: Yugoslavia Related Material, including Books (Boxes 15-21); and Articles, Book Reviews, Lectures, Radio \u0026amp; Television, \u0026amp; Research (Boxes 21-26) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C: Russia \u0026amp; the Former Soviet Union Material, including Books (Boxes 26-40); Articles (Boxes 41-43); Book Reviews \u0026amp; Lectures (Boxes 43-45); and Radio \u0026amp; Television (Boxes 45-46) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D: Scotland Material, including Books (Boxes 46-57), Highlanders Television Series (Boxes 57-58), and Articles, Book Reviews and Lectures (Boxes 59-60) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E: Miscellaneous Literary Material, including Take Nine Spies (Boxes 60-63), Articles (Boxes 64-66); Book Reviews, Introductions, Lectures \u0026amp; Speeches and Literary Correspondence (Boxes 67-68); and Radio and Television (Boxes 68-69) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Photographic Material (Boxes 70-93)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Sir Fitzroy Maclean Additional Papers (Boxes 94-102 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Threat of Soviet Expansion in Asia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParlimentary Delegation to Romania\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in four main series, with various subseries: ","Series I: Career and Personal Papers (Boxes 1-11) ","Subseries A: Diplomatic Service (Box 1) ","Subseries B: British Military Mission to Yugoslavia (Boxes 1-2) ","Subseries C: Special Refugee Commission (Boxes 2-3) ","Subseries D: Political Correspondence (Box 3) ","Subseries E: VIP Material (Boxes 3-4) ","Subseries F: Yugoslavia \u0026 Tito Related Material (Boxes 4-8) ","Subseries G: Family \u0026 Personal Papers (Boxes 9-10) ","Subseries H: Honors \u0026 Decorations (Boxes 10- 11) ","Series II: Literary Papers - Books, Television \u0026 Radio Scripts, Articles, etc. ","Subseries A: Eastern Approaches Material (Boxes 12-15) ","Subseries B: Yugoslavia Related Material, including Books (Boxes 15-21); and Articles, Book Reviews, Lectures, Radio \u0026 Television, \u0026 Research (Boxes 21-26) ","Subseries C: Russia \u0026 the Former Soviet Union Material, including Books (Boxes 26-40); Articles (Boxes 41-43); Book Reviews \u0026 Lectures (Boxes 43-45); and Radio \u0026 Television (Boxes 45-46) ","Subseries D: Scotland Material, including Books (Boxes 46-57), Highlanders Television Series (Boxes 57-58), and Articles, Book Reviews and Lectures (Boxes 59-60) ","Subseries E: Miscellaneous Literary Material, including Take Nine Spies (Boxes 60-63), Articles (Boxes 64-66); Book Reviews, Introductions, Lectures \u0026 Speeches and Literary Correspondence (Boxes 67-68); and Radio and Television (Boxes 68-69) ","Series III: Photographic Material (Boxes 70-93)","Series IV: Sir Fitzroy Maclean Additional Papers (Boxes 94-102 ","re the Threat of Soviet Expansion in Asia","Parlimentary Delegation to Romania"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFitzroy Hew Royle Maclean was born in 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to Charles Maclean, a major in the British army, and Gladys Royle Maclean. He was raised in Scotland, India, and Italy and attended Eton (1924-28), the University of Marburg in Germany (1929), and Kings' College, Cambridge (1929-32) where he won a senior scholarship and first class honors. He entered the Foreign Office in 1934 and was first posted to Paris, and then to Moscow in 1937 where he served as the Third Secretary in the British Embassy. Stalin's purges were at their height during Maclean's two years in the Soviet Union, and he was present at the state trial of Nikolai Bukharin in 1938. He also made journeys to remote areas of the Soviet Union such as Central Asia and the Caucasus where few if any foreigners had been for many years. In 1939 he returned to London and worked in the Foreign Office on Russian affairs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e When World War II broke out, he wanted to enlist in the military, but as a diplomat was in a \"reserved\" position and was not allowed to do so. He learned that the only way to be released from the Foreign Office was to declare himself a candidate for Parliament, and so he was returned for the constituency of Lancaster at a by-election in 1941. He joined the Cameron Highlanders regiment in the British army as a private, and then the new Special Air Service (SAS) and served in the Western Desert, where he participated in the raid on Benghazi along with SAS founder David Stirling and Randolph Churchill, and foiled a coup in Persia by kidnapping General Zahidi who had collaborated with the Germans.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In July 1943 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Maclean to serve as his personal representative and Brigadier commanding a British Military Mission to Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Communist Partisans in German-occupied Yugoslavia. At this stage of the war, there was a debate in the British government over which Yugoslav resistance group it should support - Tito's Partisans or Draza Mihalovich's Cetniks. In September Maclean was dropped by parachute into Bosnia and met Tito, and subsequently reported to Churchill that the Partisans were the more effective fighting force and would benefit from additional British and American aid. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to withdraw from Yugoslavia Maclean planned \"Operation Ratweek\" for the first week of September, a coordinated Allied and Partisan attack on enemy communications which proved quite successful. In the course of his mission, which lasted until 1945, he became a friend and admirer of Tito. In 1947 Maclean was asked to head the Special Refugee Commission which had the sensitive task of screening of tens of thousands of Yugoslav and Ukrainian Displaced Persons, some of whom were alleged to have committed war crimes, in Italy and Austria.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e After completing this assignment, Maclean focused on politics, representing Lancaster until 1959 and Bute and North Ayrshire from 1959-1974, and served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for War from 1954-1957. He was chairman of the Committee of the North Atlantic Assembly from 1964-1974. Maclean's friendship with Tito and frequent visits to Yugoslavia allowed him to play a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav relations. In the 1960's he purchased a home on the island of Korcula, becoming one of the few foreigners allowed to own property in Yugoslavia. Maclean also maintained a keen interest in the Soviet Union where he traveled extensively and he served as chairman of the Great Britain-USSR Association. He lectured frequently in the United Kingdom and the United States on Yugoslav and Soviet affairs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Maclean's literary career was launched in 1949 with the publication of Eastern Approaches, a memoir of his experiences as a diplomat and soldier, which was acclaimed by critics and became a best-seller. This was followed in 1957 by a biography of Tito, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDisputed Barricade, A Person from England\u003c/title\u003e(1958), describing the adventures of English travelers in Central Asia, and in 1958, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBack to Bokhara\u003c/title\u003e(1959), and a number of books, articles and book reviews on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other subjects.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e A third focal point of his writing was Scotland, and he published \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Concise History of Scotland\u003c/title\u003e, (1970), \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Isles of the Sea\u003c/title\u003e, a collection of West Highland folk tales (1985), \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBonnie Prince Charlie\u003c/title\u003e, (1988) and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHighlanders\u003c/title\u003e(1995). Along with establishing a reputation as the author of entertaining and informative works that blended his travel experiences and historical research, he turned his attention to radio and television, working on a number of documentary programs including \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Road to Samarkand\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Life and Times of Marshal Tito\u003c/title\u003eand two major series. \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003ePortrait of the Soviet Union\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHighlanders\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Maclean was made a baronet in 1957 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1993, and was the recipient of many honors and decorations including the Commander of the British Empire, the Croix de Guerre, the Order of Kutusov, and the Partisan Star, and several honorary degrees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1946 Maclean married a widow with two children, Veronica (Fraser) Phipps, daughter of the 16th Lord Lovat. They had two sons, James and Charles. In 1957 the Macleans purchased Strachur, an estate in Argyllshire in the Scottish Highlands, and later operated a hotel on the estate, the Creggans Inn, which became known for its good food, drink, and hospitality. Maclean continued to be extremely active into his eighties and kept up a busy schedule of writing, lecturing and traveling. He died of a heart attack while swimming at a friend's house in June 1996. In Maclean's later years, there was speculation that he had been the inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Fitzroy Hew Royle Maclean was born in 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to Charles Maclean, a major in the British army, and Gladys Royle Maclean. He was raised in Scotland, India, and Italy and attended Eton (1924-28), the University of Marburg in Germany (1929), and Kings' College, Cambridge (1929-32) where he won a senior scholarship and first class honors. He entered the Foreign Office in 1934 and was first posted to Paris, and then to Moscow in 1937 where he served as the Third Secretary in the British Embassy. Stalin's purges were at their height during Maclean's two years in the Soviet Union, and he was present at the state trial of Nikolai Bukharin in 1938. He also made journeys to remote areas of the Soviet Union such as Central Asia and the Caucasus where few if any foreigners had been for many years. In 1939 he returned to London and worked in the Foreign Office on Russian affairs."," When World War II broke out, he wanted to enlist in the military, but as a diplomat was in a \"reserved\" position and was not allowed to do so. He learned that the only way to be released from the Foreign Office was to declare himself a candidate for Parliament, and so he was returned for the constituency of Lancaster at a by-election in 1941. He joined the Cameron Highlanders regiment in the British army as a private, and then the new Special Air Service (SAS) and served in the Western Desert, where he participated in the raid on Benghazi along with SAS founder David Stirling and Randolph Churchill, and foiled a coup in Persia by kidnapping General Zahidi who had collaborated with the Germans."," In July 1943 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Maclean to serve as his personal representative and Brigadier commanding a British Military Mission to Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Communist Partisans in German-occupied Yugoslavia. At this stage of the war, there was a debate in the British government over which Yugoslav resistance group it should support - Tito's Partisans or Draza Mihalovich's Cetniks. In September Maclean was dropped by parachute into Bosnia and met Tito, and subsequently reported to Churchill that the Partisans were the more effective fighting force and would benefit from additional British and American aid. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to withdraw from Yugoslavia Maclean planned \"Operation Ratweek\" for the first week of September, a coordinated Allied and Partisan attack on enemy communications which proved quite successful. In the course of his mission, which lasted until 1945, he became a friend and admirer of Tito. In 1947 Maclean was asked to head the Special Refugee Commission which had the sensitive task of screening of tens of thousands of Yugoslav and Ukrainian Displaced Persons, some of whom were alleged to have committed war crimes, in Italy and Austria."," After completing this assignment, Maclean focused on politics, representing Lancaster until 1959 and Bute and North Ayrshire from 1959-1974, and served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for War from 1954-1957. He was chairman of the Committee of the North Atlantic Assembly from 1964-1974. Maclean's friendship with Tito and frequent visits to Yugoslavia allowed him to play a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav relations. In the 1960's he purchased a home on the island of Korcula, becoming one of the few foreigners allowed to own property in Yugoslavia. Maclean also maintained a keen interest in the Soviet Union where he traveled extensively and he served as chairman of the Great Britain-USSR Association. He lectured frequently in the United Kingdom and the United States on Yugoslav and Soviet affairs."," Maclean's literary career was launched in 1949 with the publication of Eastern Approaches, a memoir of his experiences as a diplomat and soldier, which was acclaimed by critics and became a best-seller. This was followed in 1957 by a biography of Tito,  Disputed Barricade, A Person from England (1958), describing the adventures of English travelers in Central Asia, and in 1958,  Back to Bokhara (1959), and a number of books, articles and book reviews on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other subjects."," A third focal point of his writing was Scotland, and he published  A Concise History of Scotland , (1970),  The Isles of the Sea , a collection of West Highland folk tales (1985),  Bonnie Prince Charlie , (1988) and  Highlanders (1995). Along with establishing a reputation as the author of entertaining and informative works that blended his travel experiences and historical research, he turned his attention to radio and television, working on a number of documentary programs including  The Road to Samarkand and  The Life and Times of Marshal Tito and two major series.  Portrait of the Soviet Union and  Highlanders ."," Maclean was made a baronet in 1957 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1993, and was the recipient of many honors and decorations including the Commander of the British Empire, the Croix de Guerre, the Order of Kutusov, and the Partisan Star, and several honorary degrees."," In 1946 Maclean married a widow with two children, Veronica (Fraser) Phipps, daughter of the 16th Lord Lovat. They had two sons, James and Charles. In 1957 the Macleans purchased Strachur, an estate in Argyllshire in the Scottish Highlands, and later operated a hotel on the estate, the Creggans Inn, which became known for its good food, drink, and hospitality. Maclean continued to be extremely active into his eighties and kept up a busy schedule of writing, lecturing and traveling. He died of a heart attack while swimming at a friend's house in June 1996. In Maclean's later years, there was speculation that he had been the inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 11487 Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 11487 Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaclean is best known for his role during World War II as head of the British military mission to Yugoslavia in which he served as Winston Churchill's personal representative to leader of the Communist Partisans, Josip Broz Tito, his diplomatic service in the Soviet Union in the late 1930's, and as the author of the classic memoir Eastern Approaches (1949) and many other books and articles. After the war, he pursued a political career as a Conservative member of Parliament, and, based on his close relationship with Tito, played a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav affairs. He was also noted for his expertise on the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e A third focal point of his life and career was Scotland: he was a proud member of Clan Maclean and wrote several works on Scottish history, biography, and folklore. The collection contains some material in Serbo-Croatian, German, Italian and French.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The papers are arranged in four main series with various sub-series. Items of particular interest in the First Series, Career and Personal Papers, are described in the following paragraphs devoted to each subseries. In the Diplomatic Subseries are dispatches and memoranda of his trips through Central Asia (including Afghanistan and the ancient cities Bokhara and Samarkand) and the Caucasus, on the situation in Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the political stability of the Soviet Union, 1937-1939.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The subseries British Military Mission to Yugoslavia contains Winston Churchill's Minute concerning his Mission to Tito, Autograph Diary (2 pages) re his arrival in Yugoslavia, \"Ratweek\" Map (oversize), twelve files (labeled Top Secret) including memoranda, correspondence, telegrams, etc concerning military and political affairs such as Allied operations and aid to Tito's Partisans, formation of the Yugoslav government, relief, the visit of Field Marshal Alexander, Supreme Allied Commander to Belgrade, Macedonia, Prospect of South Slav federation, and correspondence with Evelyn Waugh.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Special Refugee Commission subseries contains correspondence, telegrams, reports, including one submitted to Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, articles, and a draft of a speech on the refugee problems to a parliamentary committee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Political correspondence includes papers concerning the Lancaster by-election of 1941, the general election of 1945, and correspondence with Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas- Home, Peter Carrington, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Robert Kennedy, John Lindsay, Henry Jackson, and Averell Harriman ; a memorandum to Field Marshal Alexander of Tunis concerning irregular warfare; and correspondence and memoranda related to a parliamentary delegation to Romania in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Material in the VIP Subseries includes: letters and notes from members of the Royal Family including Prince Charles, Princess Margaret, Elizabeth the Queen Mother; Clementine Churchill and Mary Churchill Soames; and a thank you note from Lauren Bacall.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Yugoslavia and Tito Subseries contains significant material including memoranda of meetings with Tito in 1949,1950, 1953, 1968, 1973; informative accounts by Maclean and other British officers about the Military Mission in World War II for an official book published by Muzej AVNOJ (1970-1971); correspondence about Maclean's involvement in proposals for the publication of Tito's memoirs (1966-1977) and about the nomination of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize (1972-1973); correspondence and papers by Maclean and others from a conference on British Policy and Resistance in the Balkans (1973); Briefing papers, correspondence and memoranda of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Yugoslavia in 1977, and correspondence and memorabilia pertaining to the Prince of Wales' visit in 1978; correspondence about Maclean's visit in 1989 and transcript of an interview with Prime Minister Ante Markovic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e For the 1990's, the time of war and the dissolution of Yugoslavia , there is correspondence with David Owen, Stevan Dedijer and others, and about the Korcula Emergency Appeal, a relief effort for a hospital on the island of Korcula, Croatia, organized by the Macleans; letters from Yugoslav friends describing the turmoil , and/or seeking assistance in finding jobs in the United Kingdom; correspondence about renewed controversy about the British Military Mission in World War II. and the Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case concerning the repatriation of Yugoslavs in 1945. It should also be noted that in Series II, Subseries B, Literary Material pertaining to Yugoslavia, there is some correspondence filed with the manuscripts, typescripts, articles and radio and television transcripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Subseries Family and Personal Papers has letters from friends and teachers, some in German, French, and Italian. In a significant group of letters to his parents (1939-1945) from London, Cairo, Belgrade, and elsewhere, Maclean discussed the international situation, his desire to leave the Foreign Office in order to join the army, life in London during the Blitz, the beginning of his political career, and his military service (some letters were extensively cut by the censors). There are also a number of letters to his parents from the years 1946-1955 from Maclean and his wife Veronica discussing family matters and living conditions in Italy and Austria while Maclean was directing the Special Refugee Commission, and about their travels in Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey in the early 1950's.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Also present is correspondence with Frank McLynn, his biographer, 1990-1994, and two scrapbooks. The blue scrapbook (1939-1951) includes one letter of Maclean to his aunt, newspaper clippings relating to his military service in Yugoslavia, his marriage, some articles by him, a few photographs. The red scrapbook, 1943-1946 also has newspaper clippings about his military service and political career and articles by him.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Second Series consists of literary papers. This series contains drafts, typescripts, setting copies of his books with related correspondence with publishers and others about the publication process, contracts, royalty statements, book reviews, fan mail, articles, book reviews, speeches, lectures, transcripts of radio and television programs, film proposals or treatments. Several of his books were published under different titles in the United States. It is organized into five subseries based on subject matter. These include: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003e(American title- \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEscape to Adventure\u003c/title\u003e); Yugoslavia (the country as originally constituted and also the new states that emerged in the 1990's); Russia and the former Soviet Union and the new nations post 1990); Scotland; and Miscellaneous Literary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The subseries about \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003econtains a typed manuscript (Setting copy) with corrections, including an unpublished introduction; some material omitted from the published version including his admiration for a Soviet army unit, comments on the Cetniks, and conversations with King George VI and Winston Churchill and King Peter of Yugoslavia; letters from Michael Adeane, Secretary to King George VI and Winston Churchill requesting that certain passages be omitted; a letter from Peter Fleming to Jonathan Cape offering his opinion of the book, a letter from Ian Fleming to Jonathan Cape and a note to Maclean.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Other material includes correspondence with Jonathan Cape and other publishers about a new edition, correspondence with Douglas Fairbanks, Eric Ambler and others concerning a possible film version, and with Ian Curteis about a proposed television adaptation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Yugoslavia Subseries includes books: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDisputed Barricade\u003c/title\u003e(1957), published in America as \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Heretic\u003c/title\u003e, which includes an interview with Tito; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eYugoslavia\u003c/title\u003e(1969), in which Maclean wrote the text for this book of photographs; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBattle of Neretva\u003c/title\u003e(1970); and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTito: A Pictorial Biography\u003c/title\u003e(1980). Also present are articles from newspapers and magazines, 1947-1995, on Yugoslav politics and society, including interviews with Tito. Particularly interesting are two unpublished articles \"Whither Yugoslavia?\" written in 1989 based on interviews with Yugoslav politicians, including Slobodan Milosevic. There are also a number of book reviews of works by Julian Amery, William Deakin, Noel Malcolm and Misha Glenny and others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In addition, the subseries on Yugoslavia contains lectures, 1949-1995; transcripts of radio and television programs, with related correspondence; and some interviews with Tito, notably The \"Life and Times of Marshal Tito\" (December 1963); and one for a CBS news program (1969).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Russian Material Subseries contains drafts, correspondence, and research material for his books \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Person from England\u003c/title\u003e(1958), including several autograph letters,1827-1861, of Dr. Joseph Wolff, one of the English travelers chronicled in the book; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBack to Bokhara\u003c/title\u003e(1959); \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHoly Russia\u003c/title\u003e(1978); drafts titled \"All the Russias\" and \"The Other Russias,\" which were the basis for \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTo the Back of Beyond\u003c/title\u003e(1974), \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTo Caucasus: End of All the Earth\u003c/title\u003e(1976); and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHoly Russia\u003c/title\u003e(1978) which completed the trilogy; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003ePortrait of the Soviet Union\u003c/title\u003e(1988), including material for both the book and the related TBS television series since Maclean was working on these simultaneously; and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAll the Russias\u003c/title\u003e(1992). Correspondents include Pamela Harriman, Marietta Tree and Fitzgerald Bemiss.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In addition to his books about Russia and the Soviet Union, his papers also contain articles, 1949-1995 on political, social, economic, cultural aspects of the former Soviet Union, a number on Georgia and the Caucasus, and Mikhail Gorbachev; book reviews, 1949-1994; and radio and television material, such as correspondence and transcripts for programs, including \"The End of All the Earth\" and \"Carnival in the Caucasus\"; interviews with Anna Mikhailovna Larina (Bukharin's widow) and others for the BBC \"Timewatch\" program \"Bukharin.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The subseries concerning his Scotland material includes books, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Concise History of Scotland\u003c/title\u003e(1970); \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eIsles of the Sea\u003c/title\u003e(1985); \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBonnie Prince Charlie\u003c/title\u003e(1988); and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHighlanders\u003c/title\u003e(originally titled \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eClans\u003c/title\u003e) (1995). Material for the book and television series are combined since Maclean was working on them simultaneously. Among the articles on Scotland is a notable series \"Scottish Approaches\" which appeared in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Scotsman\u003c/title\u003ein 1959.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The last subseries in Maclean's Literary Papers consists of miscellaneous literary material, including material for the book \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTake Nine Spies\u003c/title\u003e. There is also correspondence with publishers in which he discusses more than one book, and with his literary agents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Articles are arranged chronologically, and topics range from post World War II Japan, Korea, Italy, the Middle East, and defense policy to China and Mongolia in the 1960's, an extended trip to China in 1988, and his travels in Nepal, Tibet, and Oman in the 1990's. There are also articles about his military, diplomatic, political and literary career, his travels, and personal life, and note that others are contained in two scrapbooks. The radio and television material includes his commentaries on the international scene from 1946 on.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Photographic Material comprises the third series, which contains twenty-four boxes of photographs (some in albums), contact sheets, negatives, and slides, taken by Maclean, primarily of his travels in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Asia, from 1938 through the 1990's. Especially noteworthy are those taken in Moscow, Leningrad, and Central Asia, including Afghanistan, the cities Bokhara and Samarkand, and Persia, Paris and Florence in the late 1930's, Yugoslavia during World War II, postwar Korean and China, and of Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Iran in the early 1950's. Maclean visited the former Soviet Union frequently from the late 1950's through 1987 and took numerous photographs of his favorite regions, Central Asia and the Caucasus, particularly Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e As for Yugoslavia, there is an album dated 1953 labeled Namanevru Jugoslovenska Narodne, Armije (Yugoslav People's Army) with photographs of Tito, Maclean, and soldiers; and photographs from the early 1960's through 1980 including a number of photographs of Tito. Individuals subjects include Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There are also many family photographs taken at Maclean's homes Beechfield and Strachur, and of friends. The photographs used in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDisputed Barricade\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Person from England\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBonnie Prince Charlie\u003c/title\u003eare also in this section.\n \n The fourth series consists of two small additions to the papers and include some correpondence files, such as congratulatory letters about his appointment as Under Secretary for War in 1954 and his Baronetcy in 1957, his letters published in the press, and the Great Britain-USSR Association; files on his participation in various conferences concerning Yugoslavia and War War II; election campaign materials of Maclean; Notebooks, including \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June); news articles; speeches by Maclean, including printed speeches published in \"Parliamentary Debates\"; passports; pocket and desk diaries; first drafts of \"Eastern Approaches\"; a file on guerilla warfare; a copy of a 1938 Report on Central Asia by Maclean; and Veronica Maclean's description about her first meeting with Josip Broz Tito in 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Appointments to London, Paris, and Moscow and his resignation from the Foreign Office\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Maclean's Mission to Tito and an Extract from \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Second World War\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincluding \"The Partisan Movement in Yugoslavia\" and \"Note on the Present Military and Political Situation in Serbia\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrafts of Statement on the Extent of British Aid to the Partisans\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Appointments and Impact on Service to Constituency\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Irregular Warfare and Correspondence with Field Marshall Earl Alexander of Tunis and Others\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Vietnam War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Interview with Vice-President Bodnaras of Romania; Meeting with Tito; and Draft Article on Sino-Soviet Border\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Winston Churchill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere E.C. Grants for Argyll and Bute\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Consideration of Fitzroy Maclean as Governor of Cyprus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere a Resignation to Veronica Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere his serving as godfather to her daughter, Charlotte\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere British Press Coverage of Yugoslavia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Simic Cureija\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Visit with Tito, with note from Jack Coville, Secretary to Winston Churchill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Tito\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Korcula\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Visit to Yugoslavia for 25th Anniversary of National Liberation, includes photographs of Maclean and Willian Deakin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecoration Awarded to Fitzroy Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProposed British Decorations of Yugoslavs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Yugoslav Students in Britain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Allied Mission to Yugoslavia in World War II for Muzej AVNOJ\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Korcula, Yugoslavia, Town Twinning with Argyll and Bute, Scotland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Maclean's Efforts in Support of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere British Policy towards the Balkan Resistance Movements\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Meeting with Tito\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Research and Annual Summaries (Copies) of Events in Yugoslavia, 1957-1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Margaret Thatcher's Trip, with Official Program\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Prince of Wales' Visit to Yugoslavia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Fitzroy Maclean's article for the British-Yugoslav Society on the Prince of Wales' visit\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Arrangements for the British Delegation to Tito's Funeral\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Official Visit of Fitzroy Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Program of Economic Reform\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere his biography of Tito\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Controversy over British Military Mission in World War II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere BBC \"Timewatch: Tito\" Program\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere a Yugoslav Detainee in 1945\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Korcula, Croatia Emergency Appeal\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Benefit Concert for Dubrovnik\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Owen's Mission\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case (Repatriations in 1945)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Tito Memoirs and other projects\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Purchase of \"Beechfield\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Ticonderoga story\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Purchase of \"Creggans Inn\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFitzroy Maclean\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Evelyn Waugh biography\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Fitzroy Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Fitzroy Maclean and Articles by him\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Awarding of Baronetcy and Arms\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Honorary Degree from the University of Glasgow\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Honorary Degree from Acadia University\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Honorary Degree from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Fitzroy Maclean and Tito\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Honorary Degree from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Fitzroy Maclean and Tito, signed by Josip Broz Tito and Madame Jovanka Broz\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Honorary Degree from Dundee University\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Special Air Service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the 23rd Special Air Service Regiment\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Installation of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of theThistle\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Installation of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Appointment of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle--Congratulations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Appointment of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrder of the Thistle Ceremony\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Freedom of Argyll and Bute\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere omitting part of an interview with the King about Yugoslavia from his book\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith comments about what Maclean had written about himself in the book\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ethanking him for the copy of his book sent to the King\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Publicity\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranslations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere American Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere German Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Paperback Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Proposed Film, with a copy of the script for the film, April 1956\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Proposed TV Series\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Proposed TV Series\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Yugoslav Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Yugoslav Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter of thanks on behalf of Tito\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere American Edition, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Heretic\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Translations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere German Forces in Yugoslavia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincluding \"The Fourth Enemy Offensive\" and some in Serbo-Croatian\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Book Promotion Tour in Yugoslavia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Book Promotion Tour in Yugoslavia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincluding some correspondence and notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Korcula by Charles Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere of BBC Radio Broadcast on Mission to Tito\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Tito obituary for BBC Radio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere BBC Radio \"I Was There\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Film \"General from Strachur\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere BBC Television Tito Obituary\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Tito Interview for CBS News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Proposed BBC Programs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Proposed Film on Tito\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere BBC Program on the S.O.E. (Special Operations Executive)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere BBC Program on Evelyn Waugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Miscellaneous Television and Film Projects\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere BBC Program \"Ratlines\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere VPRO Program\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere New Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Proposed Film\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Translations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal Letters of Joseph Wolff and Correspondence with Ancient Light Bookshop\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts and Copies of Letters of Charles Stoddart and others from the Public Records Office\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere American Edition and Other Projects\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Copyright Renewal\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere German edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Sino Russian Border in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eLife\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Caucasus Region\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Bukharin Trial in Moscow \u0026amp; Interview with his widow\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Mikhail Gorbachev\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Georgia in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Sunday Times\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Azerbaijan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Georgia, including notes and drafts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Georgia in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Scotsman Magazine\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Azerbaijan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Caucasus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Mikhail Gorbachov\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Mikhail Gorbachev in honor of Hugh Seton-Watson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003egiven at Foyle's Lunch\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Georgia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Georgia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere a New Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere an American Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere a German Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1996 from Edwin Moore to Veronica Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere German Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere reprint as \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eWest Highland Tales\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Publicity \u0026amp; Book Reviews\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Publicity\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere \"Scotland in Parliament\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Japan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Asia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Korea\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Italy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Middle East\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Persia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Defense of Great Britain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Greece\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Libya during World War II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Turkey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere China \"Inside Red China\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere China Trip\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere China \"Peking Revisited,\" \"Don't Let China Stew in Her Own Juice,\" and \"Eyewitnesses in China\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Mongolia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Sir Winston Churchill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMongolia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Black Sea, including one by Veronica Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Defense of Europe: \"Nuclear Deterrence and Conventional Forces,\" with Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere China--Trip to Kashgar in Chinese Turkestan, including Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Nepal and Bhutan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Germany\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere David Stirling for \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDictionary of National Biography\u003c/title\u003eand Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Canary Islands\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Oman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Tibet--Correspondence, Travel Arrangements, and Memorabilia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Tibet\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Channel Tunnel\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Fitzroy Maclean, some in German, French, Serbo-Croatian, Swedish, and Dutch\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Tibet\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Publication of Evelyn Waugh's Diaries, which include references to Fitzroy Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Invitation to Frankfurt\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere German Translations of \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eIsles of the Sea\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Proposed Book of Interviews including Fitzroy Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003esome accompanied by correspondence, including: Violet Asquith, Nancy Astor, Charles Bohlen, John Bute, Nicolae Causescu, Earl Cawdor, Thomas Churchill, John Clarke, the Queen Mother, Lord Lovat, Charles Maclean, Andrew Maxwell, Paddy Mayne and Bill Elliot, Iain Moncrieffe, Peter Moore, David Scott, David Stirling, and Lord Ward\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePeople\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnvirons \u0026amp; Monasteries\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGUM Store, Race Track, \u0026amp; Fashions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Kremlin \u0026amp; Red Square\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe file includes a draft of a 1968 letter to Aleksey Aleksandrovich Surkov, President of the USSR - Great Britain Society, also includes letters to and from the Baroness Asquith of Yarnbury (\"Violet\").\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotebooks include \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June), circa 1943-1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Maclean's undated notes on Soviet history up to \"Glasnost,\" notes on the \"Council of Europe,\" (1973); series of letters between Sir Charles Peake, British Embassy, and Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1946-1953.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese include a speech before the Boarding House and Catering Association, one mentioning nuclear deterrence, and international events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addition contains two letters written by Fitzroy Maclean and John Baldock to Helen F. Moore of Leicester, England. A typewritten letter from Maclean to Baldock addresses Moore's concern regarding rioting by South Koreans in the vicinity of the Troops Rest Center at Inchon and her request to move the Center. He reviews her concern, noting that the demonstrations were against the Neutral Nations Armistice Commission and took place six and a half miles from the Center. He notes that the Center was not affected by the rioting and that, after careful consideration, the Center would remain open and not move to another area. The second item is a cover letter from John Baldock forwarding Maclean's response to Ms. Moore.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents Note","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.","Maclean is best known for his role during World War II as head of the British military mission to Yugoslavia in which he served as Winston Churchill's personal representative to leader of the Communist Partisans, Josip Broz Tito, his diplomatic service in the Soviet Union in the late 1930's, and as the author of the classic memoir Eastern Approaches (1949) and many other books and articles. After the war, he pursued a political career as a Conservative member of Parliament, and, based on his close relationship with Tito, played a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav affairs. He was also noted for his expertise on the Soviet Union."," A third focal point of his life and career was Scotland: he was a proud member of Clan Maclean and wrote several works on Scottish history, biography, and folklore. The collection contains some material in Serbo-Croatian, German, Italian and French."," The papers are arranged in four main series with various sub-series. Items of particular interest in the First Series, Career and Personal Papers, are described in the following paragraphs devoted to each subseries. In the Diplomatic Subseries are dispatches and memoranda of his trips through Central Asia (including Afghanistan and the ancient cities Bokhara and Samarkand) and the Caucasus, on the situation in Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the political stability of the Soviet Union, 1937-1939."," The subseries British Military Mission to Yugoslavia contains Winston Churchill's Minute concerning his Mission to Tito, Autograph Diary (2 pages) re his arrival in Yugoslavia, \"Ratweek\" Map (oversize), twelve files (labeled Top Secret) including memoranda, correspondence, telegrams, etc concerning military and political affairs such as Allied operations and aid to Tito's Partisans, formation of the Yugoslav government, relief, the visit of Field Marshal Alexander, Supreme Allied Commander to Belgrade, Macedonia, Prospect of South Slav federation, and correspondence with Evelyn Waugh."," The Special Refugee Commission subseries contains correspondence, telegrams, reports, including one submitted to Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, articles, and a draft of a speech on the refugee problems to a parliamentary committee."," Political correspondence includes papers concerning the Lancaster by-election of 1941, the general election of 1945, and correspondence with Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas- Home, Peter Carrington, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Robert Kennedy, John Lindsay, Henry Jackson, and Averell Harriman ; a memorandum to Field Marshal Alexander of Tunis concerning irregular warfare; and correspondence and memoranda related to a parliamentary delegation to Romania in 1973."," Material in the VIP Subseries includes: letters and notes from members of the Royal Family including Prince Charles, Princess Margaret, Elizabeth the Queen Mother; Clementine Churchill and Mary Churchill Soames; and a thank you note from Lauren Bacall."," The Yugoslavia and Tito Subseries contains significant material including memoranda of meetings with Tito in 1949,1950, 1953, 1968, 1973; informative accounts by Maclean and other British officers about the Military Mission in World War II for an official book published by Muzej AVNOJ (1970-1971); correspondence about Maclean's involvement in proposals for the publication of Tito's memoirs (1966-1977) and about the nomination of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize (1972-1973); correspondence and papers by Maclean and others from a conference on British Policy and Resistance in the Balkans (1973); Briefing papers, correspondence and memoranda of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Yugoslavia in 1977, and correspondence and memorabilia pertaining to the Prince of Wales' visit in 1978; correspondence about Maclean's visit in 1989 and transcript of an interview with Prime Minister Ante Markovic."," For the 1990's, the time of war and the dissolution of Yugoslavia , there is correspondence with David Owen, Stevan Dedijer and others, and about the Korcula Emergency Appeal, a relief effort for a hospital on the island of Korcula, Croatia, organized by the Macleans; letters from Yugoslav friends describing the turmoil , and/or seeking assistance in finding jobs in the United Kingdom; correspondence about renewed controversy about the British Military Mission in World War II. and the Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case concerning the repatriation of Yugoslavs in 1945. It should also be noted that in Series II, Subseries B, Literary Material pertaining to Yugoslavia, there is some correspondence filed with the manuscripts, typescripts, articles and radio and television transcripts."," The Subseries Family and Personal Papers has letters from friends and teachers, some in German, French, and Italian. In a significant group of letters to his parents (1939-1945) from London, Cairo, Belgrade, and elsewhere, Maclean discussed the international situation, his desire to leave the Foreign Office in order to join the army, life in London during the Blitz, the beginning of his political career, and his military service (some letters were extensively cut by the censors). There are also a number of letters to his parents from the years 1946-1955 from Maclean and his wife Veronica discussing family matters and living conditions in Italy and Austria while Maclean was directing the Special Refugee Commission, and about their travels in Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey in the early 1950's."," Also present is correspondence with Frank McLynn, his biographer, 1990-1994, and two scrapbooks. The blue scrapbook (1939-1951) includes one letter of Maclean to his aunt, newspaper clippings relating to his military service in Yugoslavia, his marriage, some articles by him, a few photographs. The red scrapbook, 1943-1946 also has newspaper clippings about his military service and political career and articles by him."," The Second Series consists of literary papers. This series contains drafts, typescripts, setting copies of his books with related correspondence with publishers and others about the publication process, contracts, royalty statements, book reviews, fan mail, articles, book reviews, speeches, lectures, transcripts of radio and television programs, film proposals or treatments. Several of his books were published under different titles in the United States. It is organized into five subseries based on subject matter. These include:  Eastern Approaches (American title-  Escape to Adventure ); Yugoslavia (the country as originally constituted and also the new states that emerged in the 1990's); Russia and the former Soviet Union and the new nations post 1990); Scotland; and Miscellaneous Literary."," The subseries about  Eastern Approaches contains a typed manuscript (Setting copy) with corrections, including an unpublished introduction; some material omitted from the published version including his admiration for a Soviet army unit, comments on the Cetniks, and conversations with King George VI and Winston Churchill and King Peter of Yugoslavia; letters from Michael Adeane, Secretary to King George VI and Winston Churchill requesting that certain passages be omitted; a letter from Peter Fleming to Jonathan Cape offering his opinion of the book, a letter from Ian Fleming to Jonathan Cape and a note to Maclean."," Other material includes correspondence with Jonathan Cape and other publishers about a new edition, correspondence with Douglas Fairbanks, Eric Ambler and others concerning a possible film version, and with Ian Curteis about a proposed television adaptation."," The Yugoslavia Subseries includes books:  Disputed Barricade (1957), published in America as  The Heretic , which includes an interview with Tito;  Yugoslavia (1969), in which Maclean wrote the text for this book of photographs;  Battle of Neretva (1970); and  Tito: A Pictorial Biography (1980). Also present are articles from newspapers and magazines, 1947-1995, on Yugoslav politics and society, including interviews with Tito. Particularly interesting are two unpublished articles \"Whither Yugoslavia?\" written in 1989 based on interviews with Yugoslav politicians, including Slobodan Milosevic. There are also a number of book reviews of works by Julian Amery, William Deakin, Noel Malcolm and Misha Glenny and others."," In addition, the subseries on Yugoslavia contains lectures, 1949-1995; transcripts of radio and television programs, with related correspondence; and some interviews with Tito, notably The \"Life and Times of Marshal Tito\" (December 1963); and one for a CBS news program (1969)."," The Russian Material Subseries contains drafts, correspondence, and research material for his books  A Person from England (1958), including several autograph letters,1827-1861, of Dr. Joseph Wolff, one of the English travelers chronicled in the book;  Back to Bokhara (1959);  Holy Russia (1978); drafts titled \"All the Russias\" and \"The Other Russias,\" which were the basis for  To the Back of Beyond (1974),  To Caucasus: End of All the Earth (1976); and  Holy Russia (1978) which completed the trilogy;  Portrait of the Soviet Union (1988), including material for both the book and the related TBS television series since Maclean was working on these simultaneously; and  All the Russias (1992). Correspondents include Pamela Harriman, Marietta Tree and Fitzgerald Bemiss."," In addition to his books about Russia and the Soviet Union, his papers also contain articles, 1949-1995 on political, social, economic, cultural aspects of the former Soviet Union, a number on Georgia and the Caucasus, and Mikhail Gorbachev; book reviews, 1949-1994; and radio and television material, such as correspondence and transcripts for programs, including \"The End of All the Earth\" and \"Carnival in the Caucasus\"; interviews with Anna Mikhailovna Larina (Bukharin's widow) and others for the BBC \"Timewatch\" program \"Bukharin.\""," The subseries concerning his Scotland material includes books,  A Concise History of Scotland (1970);  Isles of the Sea (1985);  Bonnie Prince Charlie (1988); and  Highlanders (originally titled  Clans ) (1995). Material for the book and television series are combined since Maclean was working on them simultaneously. Among the articles on Scotland is a notable series \"Scottish Approaches\" which appeared in  The Scotsman in 1959."," The last subseries in Maclean's Literary Papers consists of miscellaneous literary material, including material for the book  Take Nine Spies . There is also correspondence with publishers in which he discusses more than one book, and with his literary agents."," Articles are arranged chronologically, and topics range from post World War II Japan, Korea, Italy, the Middle East, and defense policy to China and Mongolia in the 1960's, an extended trip to China in 1988, and his travels in Nepal, Tibet, and Oman in the 1990's. There are also articles about his military, diplomatic, political and literary career, his travels, and personal life, and note that others are contained in two scrapbooks. The radio and television material includes his commentaries on the international scene from 1946 on."," Photographic Material comprises the third series, which contains twenty-four boxes of photographs (some in albums), contact sheets, negatives, and slides, taken by Maclean, primarily of his travels in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Asia, from 1938 through the 1990's. Especially noteworthy are those taken in Moscow, Leningrad, and Central Asia, including Afghanistan, the cities Bokhara and Samarkand, and Persia, Paris and Florence in the late 1930's, Yugoslavia during World War II, postwar Korean and China, and of Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Iran in the early 1950's. Maclean visited the former Soviet Union frequently from the late 1950's through 1987 and took numerous photographs of his favorite regions, Central Asia and the Caucasus, particularly Georgia."," As for Yugoslavia, there is an album dated 1953 labeled Namanevru Jugoslovenska Narodne, Armije (Yugoslav People's Army) with photographs of Tito, Maclean, and soldiers; and photographs from the early 1960's through 1980 including a number of photographs of Tito. Individuals subjects include Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There are also many family photographs taken at Maclean's homes Beechfield and Strachur, and of friends. The photographs used in  Eastern Approaches ,  Disputed Barricade ,  A Person from England , and  Bonnie Prince Charlie are also in this section.\n \n The fourth series consists of two small additions to the papers and include some correpondence files, such as congratulatory letters about his appointment as Under Secretary for War in 1954 and his Baronetcy in 1957, his letters published in the press, and the Great Britain-USSR Association; files on his participation in various conferences concerning Yugoslavia and War War II; election campaign materials of Maclean; Notebooks, including \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June); news articles; speeches by Maclean, including printed speeches published in \"Parliamentary Debates\"; passports; pocket and desk diaries; first drafts of \"Eastern Approaches\"; a file on guerilla warfare; a copy of a 1938 Report on Central Asia by Maclean; and Veronica Maclean's description about her first meeting with Josip Broz Tito in 1947.","re Appointments to London, Paris, and Moscow and his resignation from the Foreign Office","re Maclean's Mission to Tito and an Extract from  The Second World War","including \"The Partisan Movement in Yugoslavia\" and \"Note on the Present Military and Political Situation in Serbia\"","Drafts of Statement on the Extent of British Aid to the Partisans","re Appointments and Impact on Service to Constituency","re Irregular Warfare and Correspondence with Field Marshall Earl Alexander of Tunis and Others","re Vietnam War","re the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia","re Interview with Vice-President Bodnaras of Romania; Meeting with Tito; and Draft Article on Sino-Soviet Border","re Winston Churchill","re E.C. Grants for Argyll and Bute","re Consideration of Fitzroy Maclean as Governor of Cyprus","re a Resignation to Veronica Maclean","re his serving as godfather to her daughter, Charlotte","re British Press Coverage of Yugoslavia","re Simic Cureija","re Visit with Tito, with note from Jack Coville, Secretary to Winston Churchill","re Tito","re Korcula","re the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia","re Visit to Yugoslavia for 25th Anniversary of National Liberation, includes photographs of Maclean and Willian Deakin","Decoration Awarded to Fitzroy Maclean","Proposed British Decorations of Yugoslavs","re Yugoslav Students in Britain","re Allied Mission to Yugoslavia in World War II for Muzej AVNOJ","re Korcula, Yugoslavia, Town Twinning with Argyll and Bute, Scotland","re Maclean's Efforts in Support of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize","re British Policy towards the Balkan Resistance Movements","re Meeting with Tito","re Research and Annual Summaries (Copies) of Events in Yugoslavia, 1957-1972","re Margaret Thatcher's Trip, with Official Program","re the Prince of Wales' Visit to Yugoslavia","re Fitzroy Maclean's article for the British-Yugoslav Society on the Prince of Wales' visit","re Arrangements for the British Delegation to Tito's Funeral","re Official Visit of Fitzroy Maclean","re Program of Economic Reform","re his biography of Tito","re Controversy over British Military Mission in World War II","re BBC \"Timewatch: Tito\" Program","re a Yugoslav Detainee in 1945","re Korcula, Croatia Emergency Appeal","re Benefit Concert for Dubrovnik","re Owen's Mission","re Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case (Repatriations in 1945)","re Tito Memoirs and other projects","re Purchase of \"Beechfield\"","re Ticonderoga story","re Purchase of \"Creggans Inn\"","re  Fitzroy Maclean","re Evelyn Waugh biography","re Fitzroy Maclean","re Fitzroy Maclean and Articles by him","re Awarding of Baronetcy and Arms","re Honorary Degree from the University of Glasgow","re Honorary Degree from Acadia University","re Honorary Degree from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Fitzroy Maclean and Tito","re Honorary Degree from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Fitzroy Maclean and Tito, signed by Josip Broz Tito and Madame Jovanka Broz","re Honorary Degree from Dundee University","re Special Air Service","re the 23rd Special Air Service Regiment","re Installation of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of theThistle","re Installation of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle","re Appointment of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle--Congratulations","re Appointment of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle","Order of the Thistle Ceremony","re Freedom of Argyll and Bute","re omitting part of an interview with the King about Yugoslavia from his book","with comments about what Maclean had written about himself in the book","thanking him for the copy of his book sent to the King","re Publicity","Translations","re American Edition","re German Edition","re Paperback Edition","re Proposed Film, with a copy of the script for the film, April 1956","re Proposed TV Series","re Proposed TV Series","re Yugoslav Edition","re Yugoslav Edition","Letter of thanks on behalf of Tito","re American Edition,  The Heretic","re Translations","re German Forces in Yugoslavia","including \"The Fourth Enemy Offensive\" and some in Serbo-Croatian","re Book Promotion Tour in Yugoslavia","re Book Promotion Tour in Yugoslavia","including some correspondence and notes","re Korcula by Charles Maclean","Unpublished","re of BBC Radio Broadcast on Mission to Tito","re Tito obituary for BBC Radio","re BBC Radio \"I Was There\"","re Film \"General from Strachur\"","re BBC Television Tito Obituary","re Tito Interview for CBS News","re Proposed BBC Programs","re Proposed Film on Tito","re BBC Program on the S.O.E. (Special Operations Executive)","re BBC Program on Evelyn Waugh","re Miscellaneous Television and Film Projects","re BBC Program \"Ratlines\"","re VPRO Program","re New Edition","re Proposed Film","re Research","re Translations","Original Letters of Joseph Wolff and Correspondence with Ancient Light Bookshop","Transcripts and Copies of Letters of Charles Stoddart and others from the Public Records Office","re American Edition and Other Projects","re Copyright Renewal","re German edition","re the Sino Russian Border in  Life","re the Caucasus Region","Correspondence re","re the Bukharin Trial in Moscow \u0026 Interview with his widow","re Mikhail Gorbachev","re Georgia in  The Sunday Times","re Azerbaijan","re Georgia, including notes and drafts","re Georgia in  The Scotsman Magazine","re Azerbaijan","re Caucasus","re Mikhail Gorbachov","re Mikhail Gorbachev in honor of Hugh Seton-Watson","given at Foyle's Lunch","re Georgia","re Georgia","re a New Edition","re an American Edition","re a German Edition","August 1, 1996 from Edwin Moore to Veronica Maclean","re German Edition","re reprint as  West Highland Tales","re Publicity \u0026 Book Reviews","re Publicity","re \"Scotland in Parliament\"","re Japan","re Asia","re Korea","re Italy","re the Middle East","re Persia","re Defense of Great Britain","re Greece","re Libya during World War II","re Turkey","re China \"Inside Red China\"","re China Trip","re China \"Peking Revisited,\" \"Don't Let China Stew in Her Own Juice,\" and \"Eyewitnesses in China\"","re Mongolia","re Sir Winston Churchill","Mongolia","re the Black Sea, including one by Veronica Maclean","re Defense of Europe: \"Nuclear Deterrence and Conventional Forces,\" with Correspondence","re China--Trip to Kashgar in Chinese Turkestan, including Correspondence","re Nepal and Bhutan","re Germany","re David Stirling for  Dictionary of National Biography and Correspondence","re Canary Islands","re Oman","re Tibet--Correspondence, Travel Arrangements, and Memorabilia","re Tibet","re the Channel Tunnel","re Fitzroy Maclean, some in German, French, Serbo-Croatian, Swedish, and Dutch","re Tibet","re Publication of Evelyn Waugh's Diaries, which include references to Fitzroy Maclean","re Invitation to Frankfurt","re German Translations of  Isles of the Sea and  Eastern Approaches","re Proposed Book of Interviews including Fitzroy Maclean","some accompanied by correspondence, including: Violet Asquith, Nancy Astor, Charles Bohlen, John Bute, Nicolae Causescu, Earl Cawdor, Thomas Churchill, John Clarke, the Queen Mother, Lord Lovat, Charles Maclean, Andrew Maxwell, Paddy Mayne and Bill Elliot, Iain Moncrieffe, Peter Moore, David Scott, David Stirling, and Lord Ward","People","Environs \u0026 Monasteries","GUM Store, Race Track, \u0026 Fashions","The Kremlin \u0026 Red Square","The file includes a draft of a 1968 letter to Aleksey Aleksandrovich Surkov, President of the USSR - Great Britain Society, also includes letters to and from the Baroness Asquith of Yarnbury (\"Violet\").","Notebooks include \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June), circa 1943-1958","Includes Maclean's undated notes on Soviet history up to \"Glasnost,\" notes on the \"Council of Europe,\" (1973); series of letters between Sir Charles Peake, British Embassy, and Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1946-1953.","These include a speech before the Boarding House and Catering Association, one mentioning nuclear deterrence, and international events.","This addition contains two letters written by Fitzroy Maclean and John Baldock to Helen F. Moore of Leicester, England. A typewritten letter from Maclean to Baldock addresses Moore's concern regarding rioting by South Koreans in the vicinity of the Troops Rest Center at Inchon and her request to move the Center. He reviews her concern, noting that the demonstrations were against the Neutral Nations Armistice Commission and took place six and a half miles from the Center. He notes that the Center was not affected by the rioting and that, after careful consideration, the Center would remain open and not move to another area. The second item is a cover letter from John Baldock forwarding Maclean's response to Ms. Moore."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"language_ssim":["Materials are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules"],"total_component_count_is":763,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:47:27.185Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_838","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_838.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/103243","title_filing_ssi":"Maclean, Sir Fitzroy, papers","title_ssm":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"title_tesim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1827-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1827-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 11487","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/838"],"text":["MSS 11487","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/838","Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers","letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs","Collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged in four main series, with various subseries: ","Series I: Career and Personal Papers (Boxes 1-11) ","Subseries A: Diplomatic Service (Box 1) ","Subseries B: British Military Mission to Yugoslavia (Boxes 1-2) ","Subseries C: Special Refugee Commission (Boxes 2-3) ","Subseries D: Political Correspondence (Box 3) ","Subseries E: VIP Material (Boxes 3-4) ","Subseries F: Yugoslavia \u0026 Tito Related Material (Boxes 4-8) ","Subseries G: Family \u0026 Personal Papers (Boxes 9-10) ","Subseries H: Honors \u0026 Decorations (Boxes 10- 11) ","Series II: Literary Papers - Books, Television \u0026 Radio Scripts, Articles, etc. ","Subseries A: Eastern Approaches Material (Boxes 12-15) ","Subseries B: Yugoslavia Related Material, including Books (Boxes 15-21); and Articles, Book Reviews, Lectures, Radio \u0026 Television, \u0026 Research (Boxes 21-26) ","Subseries C: Russia \u0026 the Former Soviet Union Material, including Books (Boxes 26-40); Articles (Boxes 41-43); Book Reviews \u0026 Lectures (Boxes 43-45); and Radio \u0026 Television (Boxes 45-46) ","Subseries D: Scotland Material, including Books (Boxes 46-57), Highlanders Television Series (Boxes 57-58), and Articles, Book Reviews and Lectures (Boxes 59-60) ","Subseries E: Miscellaneous Literary Material, including Take Nine Spies (Boxes 60-63), Articles (Boxes 64-66); Book Reviews, Introductions, Lectures \u0026 Speeches and Literary Correspondence (Boxes 67-68); and Radio and Television (Boxes 68-69) ","Series III: Photographic Material (Boxes 70-93)","Series IV: Sir Fitzroy Maclean Additional Papers (Boxes 94-102 ","re the Threat of Soviet Expansion in Asia","Parlimentary Delegation to Romania","Fitzroy Hew Royle Maclean was born in 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to Charles Maclean, a major in the British army, and Gladys Royle Maclean. He was raised in Scotland, India, and Italy and attended Eton (1924-28), the University of Marburg in Germany (1929), and Kings' College, Cambridge (1929-32) where he won a senior scholarship and first class honors. He entered the Foreign Office in 1934 and was first posted to Paris, and then to Moscow in 1937 where he served as the Third Secretary in the British Embassy. Stalin's purges were at their height during Maclean's two years in the Soviet Union, and he was present at the state trial of Nikolai Bukharin in 1938. He also made journeys to remote areas of the Soviet Union such as Central Asia and the Caucasus where few if any foreigners had been for many years. In 1939 he returned to London and worked in the Foreign Office on Russian affairs."," When World War II broke out, he wanted to enlist in the military, but as a diplomat was in a \"reserved\" position and was not allowed to do so. He learned that the only way to be released from the Foreign Office was to declare himself a candidate for Parliament, and so he was returned for the constituency of Lancaster at a by-election in 1941. He joined the Cameron Highlanders regiment in the British army as a private, and then the new Special Air Service (SAS) and served in the Western Desert, where he participated in the raid on Benghazi along with SAS founder David Stirling and Randolph Churchill, and foiled a coup in Persia by kidnapping General Zahidi who had collaborated with the Germans."," In July 1943 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Maclean to serve as his personal representative and Brigadier commanding a British Military Mission to Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Communist Partisans in German-occupied Yugoslavia. At this stage of the war, there was a debate in the British government over which Yugoslav resistance group it should support - Tito's Partisans or Draza Mihalovich's Cetniks. In September Maclean was dropped by parachute into Bosnia and met Tito, and subsequently reported to Churchill that the Partisans were the more effective fighting force and would benefit from additional British and American aid. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to withdraw from Yugoslavia Maclean planned \"Operation Ratweek\" for the first week of September, a coordinated Allied and Partisan attack on enemy communications which proved quite successful. In the course of his mission, which lasted until 1945, he became a friend and admirer of Tito. In 1947 Maclean was asked to head the Special Refugee Commission which had the sensitive task of screening of tens of thousands of Yugoslav and Ukrainian Displaced Persons, some of whom were alleged to have committed war crimes, in Italy and Austria."," After completing this assignment, Maclean focused on politics, representing Lancaster until 1959 and Bute and North Ayrshire from 1959-1974, and served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for War from 1954-1957. He was chairman of the Committee of the North Atlantic Assembly from 1964-1974. Maclean's friendship with Tito and frequent visits to Yugoslavia allowed him to play a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav relations. In the 1960's he purchased a home on the island of Korcula, becoming one of the few foreigners allowed to own property in Yugoslavia. Maclean also maintained a keen interest in the Soviet Union where he traveled extensively and he served as chairman of the Great Britain-USSR Association. He lectured frequently in the United Kingdom and the United States on Yugoslav and Soviet affairs."," Maclean's literary career was launched in 1949 with the publication of Eastern Approaches, a memoir of his experiences as a diplomat and soldier, which was acclaimed by critics and became a best-seller. This was followed in 1957 by a biography of Tito,  Disputed Barricade, A Person from England (1958), describing the adventures of English travelers in Central Asia, and in 1958,  Back to Bokhara (1959), and a number of books, articles and book reviews on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other subjects."," A third focal point of his writing was Scotland, and he published  A Concise History of Scotland , (1970),  The Isles of the Sea , a collection of West Highland folk tales (1985),  Bonnie Prince Charlie , (1988) and  Highlanders (1995). Along with establishing a reputation as the author of entertaining and informative works that blended his travel experiences and historical research, he turned his attention to radio and television, working on a number of documentary programs including  The Road to Samarkand and  The Life and Times of Marshal Tito and two major series.  Portrait of the Soviet Union and  Highlanders ."," Maclean was made a baronet in 1957 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1993, and was the recipient of many honors and decorations including the Commander of the British Empire, the Croix de Guerre, the Order of Kutusov, and the Partisan Star, and several honorary degrees."," In 1946 Maclean married a widow with two children, Veronica (Fraser) Phipps, daughter of the 16th Lord Lovat. They had two sons, James and Charles. In 1957 the Macleans purchased Strachur, an estate in Argyllshire in the Scottish Highlands, and later operated a hotel on the estate, the Creggans Inn, which became known for its good food, drink, and hospitality. Maclean continued to be extremely active into his eighties and kept up a busy schedule of writing, lecturing and traveling. He died of a heart attack while swimming at a friend's house in June 1996. In Maclean's later years, there was speculation that he had been the inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond.","This Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.","Maclean is best known for his role during World War II as head of the British military mission to Yugoslavia in which he served as Winston Churchill's personal representative to leader of the Communist Partisans, Josip Broz Tito, his diplomatic service in the Soviet Union in the late 1930's, and as the author of the classic memoir Eastern Approaches (1949) and many other books and articles. After the war, he pursued a political career as a Conservative member of Parliament, and, based on his close relationship with Tito, played a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav affairs. He was also noted for his expertise on the Soviet Union."," A third focal point of his life and career was Scotland: he was a proud member of Clan Maclean and wrote several works on Scottish history, biography, and folklore. The collection contains some material in Serbo-Croatian, German, Italian and French."," The papers are arranged in four main series with various sub-series. Items of particular interest in the First Series, Career and Personal Papers, are described in the following paragraphs devoted to each subseries. In the Diplomatic Subseries are dispatches and memoranda of his trips through Central Asia (including Afghanistan and the ancient cities Bokhara and Samarkand) and the Caucasus, on the situation in Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the political stability of the Soviet Union, 1937-1939."," The subseries British Military Mission to Yugoslavia contains Winston Churchill's Minute concerning his Mission to Tito, Autograph Diary (2 pages) re his arrival in Yugoslavia, \"Ratweek\" Map (oversize), twelve files (labeled Top Secret) including memoranda, correspondence, telegrams, etc concerning military and political affairs such as Allied operations and aid to Tito's Partisans, formation of the Yugoslav government, relief, the visit of Field Marshal Alexander, Supreme Allied Commander to Belgrade, Macedonia, Prospect of South Slav federation, and correspondence with Evelyn Waugh."," The Special Refugee Commission subseries contains correspondence, telegrams, reports, including one submitted to Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, articles, and a draft of a speech on the refugee problems to a parliamentary committee."," Political correspondence includes papers concerning the Lancaster by-election of 1941, the general election of 1945, and correspondence with Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas- Home, Peter Carrington, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Robert Kennedy, John Lindsay, Henry Jackson, and Averell Harriman ; a memorandum to Field Marshal Alexander of Tunis concerning irregular warfare; and correspondence and memoranda related to a parliamentary delegation to Romania in 1973."," Material in the VIP Subseries includes: letters and notes from members of the Royal Family including Prince Charles, Princess Margaret, Elizabeth the Queen Mother; Clementine Churchill and Mary Churchill Soames; and a thank you note from Lauren Bacall."," The Yugoslavia and Tito Subseries contains significant material including memoranda of meetings with Tito in 1949,1950, 1953, 1968, 1973; informative accounts by Maclean and other British officers about the Military Mission in World War II for an official book published by Muzej AVNOJ (1970-1971); correspondence about Maclean's involvement in proposals for the publication of Tito's memoirs (1966-1977) and about the nomination of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize (1972-1973); correspondence and papers by Maclean and others from a conference on British Policy and Resistance in the Balkans (1973); Briefing papers, correspondence and memoranda of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Yugoslavia in 1977, and correspondence and memorabilia pertaining to the Prince of Wales' visit in 1978; correspondence about Maclean's visit in 1989 and transcript of an interview with Prime Minister Ante Markovic."," For the 1990's, the time of war and the dissolution of Yugoslavia , there is correspondence with David Owen, Stevan Dedijer and others, and about the Korcula Emergency Appeal, a relief effort for a hospital on the island of Korcula, Croatia, organized by the Macleans; letters from Yugoslav friends describing the turmoil , and/or seeking assistance in finding jobs in the United Kingdom; correspondence about renewed controversy about the British Military Mission in World War II. and the Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case concerning the repatriation of Yugoslavs in 1945. It should also be noted that in Series II, Subseries B, Literary Material pertaining to Yugoslavia, there is some correspondence filed with the manuscripts, typescripts, articles and radio and television transcripts."," The Subseries Family and Personal Papers has letters from friends and teachers, some in German, French, and Italian. In a significant group of letters to his parents (1939-1945) from London, Cairo, Belgrade, and elsewhere, Maclean discussed the international situation, his desire to leave the Foreign Office in order to join the army, life in London during the Blitz, the beginning of his political career, and his military service (some letters were extensively cut by the censors). There are also a number of letters to his parents from the years 1946-1955 from Maclean and his wife Veronica discussing family matters and living conditions in Italy and Austria while Maclean was directing the Special Refugee Commission, and about their travels in Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey in the early 1950's."," Also present is correspondence with Frank McLynn, his biographer, 1990-1994, and two scrapbooks. The blue scrapbook (1939-1951) includes one letter of Maclean to his aunt, newspaper clippings relating to his military service in Yugoslavia, his marriage, some articles by him, a few photographs. The red scrapbook, 1943-1946 also has newspaper clippings about his military service and political career and articles by him."," The Second Series consists of literary papers. This series contains drafts, typescripts, setting copies of his books with related correspondence with publishers and others about the publication process, contracts, royalty statements, book reviews, fan mail, articles, book reviews, speeches, lectures, transcripts of radio and television programs, film proposals or treatments. Several of his books were published under different titles in the United States. It is organized into five subseries based on subject matter. These include:  Eastern Approaches (American title-  Escape to Adventure ); Yugoslavia (the country as originally constituted and also the new states that emerged in the 1990's); Russia and the former Soviet Union and the new nations post 1990); Scotland; and Miscellaneous Literary."," The subseries about  Eastern Approaches contains a typed manuscript (Setting copy) with corrections, including an unpublished introduction; some material omitted from the published version including his admiration for a Soviet army unit, comments on the Cetniks, and conversations with King George VI and Winston Churchill and King Peter of Yugoslavia; letters from Michael Adeane, Secretary to King George VI and Winston Churchill requesting that certain passages be omitted; a letter from Peter Fleming to Jonathan Cape offering his opinion of the book, a letter from Ian Fleming to Jonathan Cape and a note to Maclean."," Other material includes correspondence with Jonathan Cape and other publishers about a new edition, correspondence with Douglas Fairbanks, Eric Ambler and others concerning a possible film version, and with Ian Curteis about a proposed television adaptation."," The Yugoslavia Subseries includes books:  Disputed Barricade (1957), published in America as  The Heretic , which includes an interview with Tito;  Yugoslavia (1969), in which Maclean wrote the text for this book of photographs;  Battle of Neretva (1970); and  Tito: A Pictorial Biography (1980). Also present are articles from newspapers and magazines, 1947-1995, on Yugoslav politics and society, including interviews with Tito. Particularly interesting are two unpublished articles \"Whither Yugoslavia?\" written in 1989 based on interviews with Yugoslav politicians, including Slobodan Milosevic. There are also a number of book reviews of works by Julian Amery, William Deakin, Noel Malcolm and Misha Glenny and others."," In addition, the subseries on Yugoslavia contains lectures, 1949-1995; transcripts of radio and television programs, with related correspondence; and some interviews with Tito, notably The \"Life and Times of Marshal Tito\" (December 1963); and one for a CBS news program (1969)."," The Russian Material Subseries contains drafts, correspondence, and research material for his books  A Person from England (1958), including several autograph letters,1827-1861, of Dr. Joseph Wolff, one of the English travelers chronicled in the book;  Back to Bokhara (1959);  Holy Russia (1978); drafts titled \"All the Russias\" and \"The Other Russias,\" which were the basis for  To the Back of Beyond (1974),  To Caucasus: End of All the Earth (1976); and  Holy Russia (1978) which completed the trilogy;  Portrait of the Soviet Union (1988), including material for both the book and the related TBS television series since Maclean was working on these simultaneously; and  All the Russias (1992). Correspondents include Pamela Harriman, Marietta Tree and Fitzgerald Bemiss."," In addition to his books about Russia and the Soviet Union, his papers also contain articles, 1949-1995 on political, social, economic, cultural aspects of the former Soviet Union, a number on Georgia and the Caucasus, and Mikhail Gorbachev; book reviews, 1949-1994; and radio and television material, such as correspondence and transcripts for programs, including \"The End of All the Earth\" and \"Carnival in the Caucasus\"; interviews with Anna Mikhailovna Larina (Bukharin's widow) and others for the BBC \"Timewatch\" program \"Bukharin.\""," The subseries concerning his Scotland material includes books,  A Concise History of Scotland (1970);  Isles of the Sea (1985);  Bonnie Prince Charlie (1988); and  Highlanders (originally titled  Clans ) (1995). Material for the book and television series are combined since Maclean was working on them simultaneously. Among the articles on Scotland is a notable series \"Scottish Approaches\" which appeared in  The Scotsman in 1959."," The last subseries in Maclean's Literary Papers consists of miscellaneous literary material, including material for the book  Take Nine Spies . There is also correspondence with publishers in which he discusses more than one book, and with his literary agents."," Articles are arranged chronologically, and topics range from post World War II Japan, Korea, Italy, the Middle East, and defense policy to China and Mongolia in the 1960's, an extended trip to China in 1988, and his travels in Nepal, Tibet, and Oman in the 1990's. There are also articles about his military, diplomatic, political and literary career, his travels, and personal life, and note that others are contained in two scrapbooks. The radio and television material includes his commentaries on the international scene from 1946 on."," Photographic Material comprises the third series, which contains twenty-four boxes of photographs (some in albums), contact sheets, negatives, and slides, taken by Maclean, primarily of his travels in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Asia, from 1938 through the 1990's. Especially noteworthy are those taken in Moscow, Leningrad, and Central Asia, including Afghanistan, the cities Bokhara and Samarkand, and Persia, Paris and Florence in the late 1930's, Yugoslavia during World War II, postwar Korean and China, and of Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Iran in the early 1950's. Maclean visited the former Soviet Union frequently from the late 1950's through 1987 and took numerous photographs of his favorite regions, Central Asia and the Caucasus, particularly Georgia."," As for Yugoslavia, there is an album dated 1953 labeled Namanevru Jugoslovenska Narodne, Armije (Yugoslav People's Army) with photographs of Tito, Maclean, and soldiers; and photographs from the early 1960's through 1980 including a number of photographs of Tito. Individuals subjects include Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There are also many family photographs taken at Maclean's homes Beechfield and Strachur, and of friends. The photographs used in  Eastern Approaches ,  Disputed Barricade ,  A Person from England , and  Bonnie Prince Charlie are also in this section.\n \n The fourth series consists of two small additions to the papers and include some correpondence files, such as congratulatory letters about his appointment as Under Secretary for War in 1954 and his Baronetcy in 1957, his letters published in the press, and the Great Britain-USSR Association; files on his participation in various conferences concerning Yugoslavia and War War II; election campaign materials of Maclean; Notebooks, including \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June); news articles; speeches by Maclean, including printed speeches published in \"Parliamentary Debates\"; passports; pocket and desk diaries; first drafts of \"Eastern Approaches\"; a file on guerilla warfare; a copy of a 1938 Report on Central Asia by Maclean; and Veronica Maclean's description about her first meeting with Josip Broz Tito in 1947.","re Appointments to London, Paris, and Moscow and his resignation from the Foreign Office","re Maclean's Mission to Tito and an Extract from  The Second World War","including \"The Partisan Movement in Yugoslavia\" and \"Note on the Present Military and Political Situation in Serbia\"","Drafts of Statement on the Extent of British Aid to the Partisans","re Appointments and Impact on Service to Constituency","re Irregular Warfare and Correspondence with Field Marshall Earl Alexander of Tunis and Others","re Vietnam War","re the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia","re Interview with Vice-President Bodnaras of Romania; Meeting with Tito; and Draft Article on Sino-Soviet Border","re Winston Churchill","re E.C. Grants for Argyll and Bute","re Consideration of Fitzroy Maclean as Governor of Cyprus","re a Resignation to Veronica Maclean","re his serving as godfather to her daughter, Charlotte","re British Press Coverage of Yugoslavia","re Simic Cureija","re Visit with Tito, with note from Jack Coville, Secretary to Winston Churchill","re Tito","re Korcula","re the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia","re Visit to Yugoslavia for 25th Anniversary of National Liberation, includes photographs of Maclean and Willian Deakin","Decoration Awarded to Fitzroy Maclean","Proposed British Decorations of Yugoslavs","re Yugoslav Students in Britain","re Allied Mission to Yugoslavia in World War II for Muzej AVNOJ","re Korcula, Yugoslavia, Town Twinning with Argyll and Bute, Scotland","re Maclean's Efforts in Support of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize","re British Policy towards the Balkan Resistance Movements","re Meeting with Tito","re Research and Annual Summaries (Copies) of Events in Yugoslavia, 1957-1972","re Margaret Thatcher's Trip, with Official Program","re the Prince of Wales' Visit to Yugoslavia","re Fitzroy Maclean's article for the British-Yugoslav Society on the Prince of Wales' visit","re Arrangements for the British Delegation to Tito's Funeral","re Official Visit of Fitzroy Maclean","re Program of Economic Reform","re his biography of Tito","re Controversy over British Military Mission in World War II","re BBC \"Timewatch: Tito\" Program","re a Yugoslav Detainee in 1945","re Korcula, Croatia Emergency Appeal","re Benefit Concert for Dubrovnik","re Owen's Mission","re Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case (Repatriations in 1945)","re Tito Memoirs and other projects","re Purchase of \"Beechfield\"","re Ticonderoga story","re Purchase of \"Creggans Inn\"","re  Fitzroy Maclean","re Evelyn Waugh biography","re Fitzroy Maclean","re Fitzroy Maclean and Articles by him","re Awarding of Baronetcy and Arms","re Honorary Degree from the University of Glasgow","re Honorary Degree from Acadia University","re Honorary Degree from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Fitzroy Maclean and Tito","re Honorary Degree from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Fitzroy Maclean and Tito, signed by Josip Broz Tito and Madame Jovanka Broz","re Honorary Degree from Dundee University","re Special Air Service","re the 23rd Special Air Service Regiment","re Installation of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of theThistle","re Installation of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle","re Appointment of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle--Congratulations","re Appointment of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle","Order of the Thistle Ceremony","re Freedom of Argyll and Bute","re omitting part of an interview with the King about Yugoslavia from his book","with comments about what Maclean had written about himself in the book","thanking him for the copy of his book sent to the King","re Publicity","Translations","re American Edition","re German Edition","re Paperback Edition","re Proposed Film, with a copy of the script for the film, April 1956","re Proposed TV Series","re Proposed TV Series","re Yugoslav Edition","re Yugoslav Edition","Letter of thanks on behalf of Tito","re American Edition,  The Heretic","re Translations","re German Forces in Yugoslavia","including \"The Fourth Enemy Offensive\" and some in Serbo-Croatian","re Book Promotion Tour in Yugoslavia","re Book Promotion Tour in Yugoslavia","including some correspondence and notes","re Korcula by Charles Maclean","Unpublished","re of BBC Radio Broadcast on Mission to Tito","re Tito obituary for BBC Radio","re BBC Radio \"I Was There\"","re Film \"General from Strachur\"","re BBC Television Tito Obituary","re Tito Interview for CBS News","re Proposed BBC Programs","re Proposed Film on Tito","re BBC Program on the S.O.E. (Special Operations Executive)","re BBC Program on Evelyn Waugh","re Miscellaneous Television and Film Projects","re BBC Program \"Ratlines\"","re VPRO Program","re New Edition","re Proposed Film","re Research","re Translations","Original Letters of Joseph Wolff and Correspondence with Ancient Light Bookshop","Transcripts and Copies of Letters of Charles Stoddart and others from the Public Records Office","re American Edition and Other Projects","re Copyright Renewal","re German edition","re the Sino Russian Border in  Life","re the Caucasus Region","Correspondence re","re the Bukharin Trial in Moscow \u0026 Interview with his widow","re Mikhail Gorbachev","re Georgia in  The Sunday Times","re Azerbaijan","re Georgia, including notes and drafts","re Georgia in  The Scotsman Magazine","re Azerbaijan","re Caucasus","re Mikhail Gorbachov","re Mikhail Gorbachev in honor of Hugh Seton-Watson","given at Foyle's Lunch","re Georgia","re Georgia","re a New Edition","re an American Edition","re a German Edition","August 1, 1996 from Edwin Moore to Veronica Maclean","re German Edition","re reprint as  West Highland Tales","re Publicity \u0026 Book Reviews","re Publicity","re \"Scotland in Parliament\"","re Japan","re Asia","re Korea","re Italy","re the Middle East","re Persia","re Defense of Great Britain","re Greece","re Libya during World War II","re Turkey","re China \"Inside Red China\"","re China Trip","re China \"Peking Revisited,\" \"Don't Let China Stew in Her Own Juice,\" and \"Eyewitnesses in China\"","re Mongolia","re Sir Winston Churchill","Mongolia","re the Black Sea, including one by Veronica Maclean","re Defense of Europe: \"Nuclear Deterrence and Conventional Forces,\" with Correspondence","re China--Trip to Kashgar in Chinese Turkestan, including Correspondence","re Nepal and Bhutan","re Germany","re David Stirling for  Dictionary of National Biography and Correspondence","re Canary Islands","re Oman","re Tibet--Correspondence, Travel Arrangements, and Memorabilia","re Tibet","re the Channel Tunnel","re Fitzroy Maclean, some in German, French, Serbo-Croatian, Swedish, and Dutch","re Tibet","re Publication of Evelyn Waugh's Diaries, which include references to Fitzroy Maclean","re Invitation to Frankfurt","re German Translations of  Isles of the Sea and  Eastern Approaches","re Proposed Book of Interviews including Fitzroy Maclean","some accompanied by correspondence, including: Violet Asquith, Nancy Astor, Charles Bohlen, John Bute, Nicolae Causescu, Earl Cawdor, Thomas Churchill, John Clarke, the Queen Mother, Lord Lovat, Charles Maclean, Andrew Maxwell, Paddy Mayne and Bill Elliot, Iain Moncrieffe, Peter Moore, David Scott, David Stirling, and Lord Ward","People","Environs \u0026 Monasteries","GUM Store, Race Track, \u0026 Fashions","The Kremlin \u0026 Red Square","The file includes a draft of a 1968 letter to Aleksey Aleksandrovich Surkov, President of the USSR - Great Britain Society, also includes letters to and from the Baroness Asquith of Yarnbury (\"Violet\").","Notebooks include \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June), circa 1943-1958","Includes Maclean's undated notes on Soviet history up to \"Glasnost,\" notes on the \"Council of Europe,\" (1973); series of letters between Sir Charles Peake, British Embassy, and Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1946-1953.","These include a speech before the Boarding House and Catering Association, one mentioning nuclear deterrence, and international events.","This addition contains two letters written by Fitzroy Maclean and John Baldock to Helen F. Moore of Leicester, England. A typewritten letter from Maclean to Baldock addresses Moore's concern regarding rioting by South Koreans in the vicinity of the Troops Rest Center at Inchon and her request to move the Center. He reviews her concern, noting that the demonstrations were against the Neutral Nations Armistice Commission and took place six and a half miles from the Center. He notes that the Center was not affected by the rioting and that, after careful consideration, the Center would remain open and not move to another area. The second item is a cover letter from John Baldock forwarding Maclean's response to Ms. Moore.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996","Materials are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 11487","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/838"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"collection_ssim":["Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"creator_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"creators_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by the University of Virginia Library on November 30, 1998. The first addition, consisting of the desk diaries of Sir Fitzroy Maclean (MSS 11487-a), was received on March 7, 2003, and the second addition (ViU20160030) was received on December 1, 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["44 Cubic Feet 102 document boxes, 2 os folders"],"extent_tesim":["44 Cubic Feet 102 document boxes, 2 os folders"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","diaries","Black-and-white photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in four main series, with various subseries: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Career and Personal Papers (Boxes 1-11) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A: Diplomatic Service (Box 1) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B: British Military Mission to Yugoslavia (Boxes 1-2) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C: Special Refugee Commission (Boxes 2-3) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D: Political Correspondence (Box 3) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E: VIP Material (Boxes 3-4) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries F: Yugoslavia \u0026amp; Tito Related Material (Boxes 4-8) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries G: Family \u0026amp; Personal Papers (Boxes 9-10) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries H: Honors \u0026amp; Decorations (Boxes 10- 11) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Literary Papers - Books, Television \u0026amp; Radio Scripts, Articles, etc. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A: Eastern Approaches Material (Boxes 12-15) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B: Yugoslavia Related Material, including Books (Boxes 15-21); and Articles, Book Reviews, Lectures, Radio \u0026amp; Television, \u0026amp; Research (Boxes 21-26) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C: Russia \u0026amp; the Former Soviet Union Material, including Books (Boxes 26-40); Articles (Boxes 41-43); Book Reviews \u0026amp; Lectures (Boxes 43-45); and Radio \u0026amp; Television (Boxes 45-46) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D: Scotland Material, including Books (Boxes 46-57), Highlanders Television Series (Boxes 57-58), and Articles, Book Reviews and Lectures (Boxes 59-60) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E: Miscellaneous Literary Material, including Take Nine Spies (Boxes 60-63), Articles (Boxes 64-66); Book Reviews, Introductions, Lectures \u0026amp; Speeches and Literary Correspondence (Boxes 67-68); and Radio and Television (Boxes 68-69) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Photographic Material (Boxes 70-93)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Sir Fitzroy Maclean Additional Papers (Boxes 94-102 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Threat of Soviet Expansion in Asia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParlimentary Delegation to Romania\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in four main series, with various subseries: ","Series I: Career and Personal Papers (Boxes 1-11) ","Subseries A: Diplomatic Service (Box 1) ","Subseries B: British Military Mission to Yugoslavia (Boxes 1-2) ","Subseries C: Special Refugee Commission (Boxes 2-3) ","Subseries D: Political Correspondence (Box 3) ","Subseries E: VIP Material (Boxes 3-4) ","Subseries F: Yugoslavia \u0026 Tito Related Material (Boxes 4-8) ","Subseries G: Family \u0026 Personal Papers (Boxes 9-10) ","Subseries H: Honors \u0026 Decorations (Boxes 10- 11) ","Series II: Literary Papers - Books, Television \u0026 Radio Scripts, Articles, etc. ","Subseries A: Eastern Approaches Material (Boxes 12-15) ","Subseries B: Yugoslavia Related Material, including Books (Boxes 15-21); and Articles, Book Reviews, Lectures, Radio \u0026 Television, \u0026 Research (Boxes 21-26) ","Subseries C: Russia \u0026 the Former Soviet Union Material, including Books (Boxes 26-40); Articles (Boxes 41-43); Book Reviews \u0026 Lectures (Boxes 43-45); and Radio \u0026 Television (Boxes 45-46) ","Subseries D: Scotland Material, including Books (Boxes 46-57), Highlanders Television Series (Boxes 57-58), and Articles, Book Reviews and Lectures (Boxes 59-60) ","Subseries E: Miscellaneous Literary Material, including Take Nine Spies (Boxes 60-63), Articles (Boxes 64-66); Book Reviews, Introductions, Lectures \u0026 Speeches and Literary Correspondence (Boxes 67-68); and Radio and Television (Boxes 68-69) ","Series III: Photographic Material (Boxes 70-93)","Series IV: Sir Fitzroy Maclean Additional Papers (Boxes 94-102 ","re the Threat of Soviet Expansion in Asia","Parlimentary Delegation to Romania"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFitzroy Hew Royle Maclean was born in 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to Charles Maclean, a major in the British army, and Gladys Royle Maclean. He was raised in Scotland, India, and Italy and attended Eton (1924-28), the University of Marburg in Germany (1929), and Kings' College, Cambridge (1929-32) where he won a senior scholarship and first class honors. He entered the Foreign Office in 1934 and was first posted to Paris, and then to Moscow in 1937 where he served as the Third Secretary in the British Embassy. Stalin's purges were at their height during Maclean's two years in the Soviet Union, and he was present at the state trial of Nikolai Bukharin in 1938. He also made journeys to remote areas of the Soviet Union such as Central Asia and the Caucasus where few if any foreigners had been for many years. In 1939 he returned to London and worked in the Foreign Office on Russian affairs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e When World War II broke out, he wanted to enlist in the military, but as a diplomat was in a \"reserved\" position and was not allowed to do so. He learned that the only way to be released from the Foreign Office was to declare himself a candidate for Parliament, and so he was returned for the constituency of Lancaster at a by-election in 1941. He joined the Cameron Highlanders regiment in the British army as a private, and then the new Special Air Service (SAS) and served in the Western Desert, where he participated in the raid on Benghazi along with SAS founder David Stirling and Randolph Churchill, and foiled a coup in Persia by kidnapping General Zahidi who had collaborated with the Germans.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In July 1943 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Maclean to serve as his personal representative and Brigadier commanding a British Military Mission to Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Communist Partisans in German-occupied Yugoslavia. At this stage of the war, there was a debate in the British government over which Yugoslav resistance group it should support - Tito's Partisans or Draza Mihalovich's Cetniks. In September Maclean was dropped by parachute into Bosnia and met Tito, and subsequently reported to Churchill that the Partisans were the more effective fighting force and would benefit from additional British and American aid. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to withdraw from Yugoslavia Maclean planned \"Operation Ratweek\" for the first week of September, a coordinated Allied and Partisan attack on enemy communications which proved quite successful. In the course of his mission, which lasted until 1945, he became a friend and admirer of Tito. In 1947 Maclean was asked to head the Special Refugee Commission which had the sensitive task of screening of tens of thousands of Yugoslav and Ukrainian Displaced Persons, some of whom were alleged to have committed war crimes, in Italy and Austria.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e After completing this assignment, Maclean focused on politics, representing Lancaster until 1959 and Bute and North Ayrshire from 1959-1974, and served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for War from 1954-1957. He was chairman of the Committee of the North Atlantic Assembly from 1964-1974. Maclean's friendship with Tito and frequent visits to Yugoslavia allowed him to play a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav relations. In the 1960's he purchased a home on the island of Korcula, becoming one of the few foreigners allowed to own property in Yugoslavia. Maclean also maintained a keen interest in the Soviet Union where he traveled extensively and he served as chairman of the Great Britain-USSR Association. He lectured frequently in the United Kingdom and the United States on Yugoslav and Soviet affairs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Maclean's literary career was launched in 1949 with the publication of Eastern Approaches, a memoir of his experiences as a diplomat and soldier, which was acclaimed by critics and became a best-seller. This was followed in 1957 by a biography of Tito, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDisputed Barricade, A Person from England\u003c/title\u003e(1958), describing the adventures of English travelers in Central Asia, and in 1958, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBack to Bokhara\u003c/title\u003e(1959), and a number of books, articles and book reviews on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other subjects.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e A third focal point of his writing was Scotland, and he published \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Concise History of Scotland\u003c/title\u003e, (1970), \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Isles of the Sea\u003c/title\u003e, a collection of West Highland folk tales (1985), \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBonnie Prince Charlie\u003c/title\u003e, (1988) and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHighlanders\u003c/title\u003e(1995). Along with establishing a reputation as the author of entertaining and informative works that blended his travel experiences and historical research, he turned his attention to radio and television, working on a number of documentary programs including \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Road to Samarkand\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Life and Times of Marshal Tito\u003c/title\u003eand two major series. \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003ePortrait of the Soviet Union\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHighlanders\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Maclean was made a baronet in 1957 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1993, and was the recipient of many honors and decorations including the Commander of the British Empire, the Croix de Guerre, the Order of Kutusov, and the Partisan Star, and several honorary degrees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1946 Maclean married a widow with two children, Veronica (Fraser) Phipps, daughter of the 16th Lord Lovat. They had two sons, James and Charles. In 1957 the Macleans purchased Strachur, an estate in Argyllshire in the Scottish Highlands, and later operated a hotel on the estate, the Creggans Inn, which became known for its good food, drink, and hospitality. Maclean continued to be extremely active into his eighties and kept up a busy schedule of writing, lecturing and traveling. He died of a heart attack while swimming at a friend's house in June 1996. In Maclean's later years, there was speculation that he had been the inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Fitzroy Hew Royle Maclean was born in 1911 in Cairo, Egypt to Charles Maclean, a major in the British army, and Gladys Royle Maclean. He was raised in Scotland, India, and Italy and attended Eton (1924-28), the University of Marburg in Germany (1929), and Kings' College, Cambridge (1929-32) where he won a senior scholarship and first class honors. He entered the Foreign Office in 1934 and was first posted to Paris, and then to Moscow in 1937 where he served as the Third Secretary in the British Embassy. Stalin's purges were at their height during Maclean's two years in the Soviet Union, and he was present at the state trial of Nikolai Bukharin in 1938. He also made journeys to remote areas of the Soviet Union such as Central Asia and the Caucasus where few if any foreigners had been for many years. In 1939 he returned to London and worked in the Foreign Office on Russian affairs."," When World War II broke out, he wanted to enlist in the military, but as a diplomat was in a \"reserved\" position and was not allowed to do so. He learned that the only way to be released from the Foreign Office was to declare himself a candidate for Parliament, and so he was returned for the constituency of Lancaster at a by-election in 1941. He joined the Cameron Highlanders regiment in the British army as a private, and then the new Special Air Service (SAS) and served in the Western Desert, where he participated in the raid on Benghazi along with SAS founder David Stirling and Randolph Churchill, and foiled a coup in Persia by kidnapping General Zahidi who had collaborated with the Germans."," In July 1943 Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked Maclean to serve as his personal representative and Brigadier commanding a British Military Mission to Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Communist Partisans in German-occupied Yugoslavia. At this stage of the war, there was a debate in the British government over which Yugoslav resistance group it should support - Tito's Partisans or Draza Mihalovich's Cetniks. In September Maclean was dropped by parachute into Bosnia and met Tito, and subsequently reported to Churchill that the Partisans were the more effective fighting force and would benefit from additional British and American aid. In August 1944, as the Germans prepared to withdraw from Yugoslavia Maclean planned \"Operation Ratweek\" for the first week of September, a coordinated Allied and Partisan attack on enemy communications which proved quite successful. In the course of his mission, which lasted until 1945, he became a friend and admirer of Tito. In 1947 Maclean was asked to head the Special Refugee Commission which had the sensitive task of screening of tens of thousands of Yugoslav and Ukrainian Displaced Persons, some of whom were alleged to have committed war crimes, in Italy and Austria."," After completing this assignment, Maclean focused on politics, representing Lancaster until 1959 and Bute and North Ayrshire from 1959-1974, and served as Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for War from 1954-1957. He was chairman of the Committee of the North Atlantic Assembly from 1964-1974. Maclean's friendship with Tito and frequent visits to Yugoslavia allowed him to play a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav relations. In the 1960's he purchased a home on the island of Korcula, becoming one of the few foreigners allowed to own property in Yugoslavia. Maclean also maintained a keen interest in the Soviet Union where he traveled extensively and he served as chairman of the Great Britain-USSR Association. He lectured frequently in the United Kingdom and the United States on Yugoslav and Soviet affairs."," Maclean's literary career was launched in 1949 with the publication of Eastern Approaches, a memoir of his experiences as a diplomat and soldier, which was acclaimed by critics and became a best-seller. This was followed in 1957 by a biography of Tito,  Disputed Barricade, A Person from England (1958), describing the adventures of English travelers in Central Asia, and in 1958,  Back to Bokhara (1959), and a number of books, articles and book reviews on Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other subjects."," A third focal point of his writing was Scotland, and he published  A Concise History of Scotland , (1970),  The Isles of the Sea , a collection of West Highland folk tales (1985),  Bonnie Prince Charlie , (1988) and  Highlanders (1995). Along with establishing a reputation as the author of entertaining and informative works that blended his travel experiences and historical research, he turned his attention to radio and television, working on a number of documentary programs including  The Road to Samarkand and  The Life and Times of Marshal Tito and two major series.  Portrait of the Soviet Union and  Highlanders ."," Maclean was made a baronet in 1957 and a Knight of the Thistle in 1993, and was the recipient of many honors and decorations including the Commander of the British Empire, the Croix de Guerre, the Order of Kutusov, and the Partisan Star, and several honorary degrees."," In 1946 Maclean married a widow with two children, Veronica (Fraser) Phipps, daughter of the 16th Lord Lovat. They had two sons, James and Charles. In 1957 the Macleans purchased Strachur, an estate in Argyllshire in the Scottish Highlands, and later operated a hotel on the estate, the Creggans Inn, which became known for its good food, drink, and hospitality. Maclean continued to be extremely active into his eighties and kept up a busy schedule of writing, lecturing and traveling. He died of a heart attack while swimming at a friend's house in June 1996. In Maclean's later years, there was speculation that he had been the inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 11487 Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 11487 Sir Fitzroy Maclean papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaclean is best known for his role during World War II as head of the British military mission to Yugoslavia in which he served as Winston Churchill's personal representative to leader of the Communist Partisans, Josip Broz Tito, his diplomatic service in the Soviet Union in the late 1930's, and as the author of the classic memoir Eastern Approaches (1949) and many other books and articles. After the war, he pursued a political career as a Conservative member of Parliament, and, based on his close relationship with Tito, played a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav affairs. He was also noted for his expertise on the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e A third focal point of his life and career was Scotland: he was a proud member of Clan Maclean and wrote several works on Scottish history, biography, and folklore. The collection contains some material in Serbo-Croatian, German, Italian and French.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The papers are arranged in four main series with various sub-series. Items of particular interest in the First Series, Career and Personal Papers, are described in the following paragraphs devoted to each subseries. In the Diplomatic Subseries are dispatches and memoranda of his trips through Central Asia (including Afghanistan and the ancient cities Bokhara and Samarkand) and the Caucasus, on the situation in Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the political stability of the Soviet Union, 1937-1939.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The subseries British Military Mission to Yugoslavia contains Winston Churchill's Minute concerning his Mission to Tito, Autograph Diary (2 pages) re his arrival in Yugoslavia, \"Ratweek\" Map (oversize), twelve files (labeled Top Secret) including memoranda, correspondence, telegrams, etc concerning military and political affairs such as Allied operations and aid to Tito's Partisans, formation of the Yugoslav government, relief, the visit of Field Marshal Alexander, Supreme Allied Commander to Belgrade, Macedonia, Prospect of South Slav federation, and correspondence with Evelyn Waugh.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Special Refugee Commission subseries contains correspondence, telegrams, reports, including one submitted to Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, articles, and a draft of a speech on the refugee problems to a parliamentary committee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Political correspondence includes papers concerning the Lancaster by-election of 1941, the general election of 1945, and correspondence with Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas- Home, Peter Carrington, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Robert Kennedy, John Lindsay, Henry Jackson, and Averell Harriman ; a memorandum to Field Marshal Alexander of Tunis concerning irregular warfare; and correspondence and memoranda related to a parliamentary delegation to Romania in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Material in the VIP Subseries includes: letters and notes from members of the Royal Family including Prince Charles, Princess Margaret, Elizabeth the Queen Mother; Clementine Churchill and Mary Churchill Soames; and a thank you note from Lauren Bacall.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Yugoslavia and Tito Subseries contains significant material including memoranda of meetings with Tito in 1949,1950, 1953, 1968, 1973; informative accounts by Maclean and other British officers about the Military Mission in World War II for an official book published by Muzej AVNOJ (1970-1971); correspondence about Maclean's involvement in proposals for the publication of Tito's memoirs (1966-1977) and about the nomination of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize (1972-1973); correspondence and papers by Maclean and others from a conference on British Policy and Resistance in the Balkans (1973); Briefing papers, correspondence and memoranda of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Yugoslavia in 1977, and correspondence and memorabilia pertaining to the Prince of Wales' visit in 1978; correspondence about Maclean's visit in 1989 and transcript of an interview with Prime Minister Ante Markovic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e For the 1990's, the time of war and the dissolution of Yugoslavia , there is correspondence with David Owen, Stevan Dedijer and others, and about the Korcula Emergency Appeal, a relief effort for a hospital on the island of Korcula, Croatia, organized by the Macleans; letters from Yugoslav friends describing the turmoil , and/or seeking assistance in finding jobs in the United Kingdom; correspondence about renewed controversy about the British Military Mission in World War II. and the Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case concerning the repatriation of Yugoslavs in 1945. It should also be noted that in Series II, Subseries B, Literary Material pertaining to Yugoslavia, there is some correspondence filed with the manuscripts, typescripts, articles and radio and television transcripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Subseries Family and Personal Papers has letters from friends and teachers, some in German, French, and Italian. In a significant group of letters to his parents (1939-1945) from London, Cairo, Belgrade, and elsewhere, Maclean discussed the international situation, his desire to leave the Foreign Office in order to join the army, life in London during the Blitz, the beginning of his political career, and his military service (some letters were extensively cut by the censors). There are also a number of letters to his parents from the years 1946-1955 from Maclean and his wife Veronica discussing family matters and living conditions in Italy and Austria while Maclean was directing the Special Refugee Commission, and about their travels in Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey in the early 1950's.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Also present is correspondence with Frank McLynn, his biographer, 1990-1994, and two scrapbooks. The blue scrapbook (1939-1951) includes one letter of Maclean to his aunt, newspaper clippings relating to his military service in Yugoslavia, his marriage, some articles by him, a few photographs. The red scrapbook, 1943-1946 also has newspaper clippings about his military service and political career and articles by him.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Second Series consists of literary papers. This series contains drafts, typescripts, setting copies of his books with related correspondence with publishers and others about the publication process, contracts, royalty statements, book reviews, fan mail, articles, book reviews, speeches, lectures, transcripts of radio and television programs, film proposals or treatments. Several of his books were published under different titles in the United States. It is organized into five subseries based on subject matter. These include: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003e(American title- \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEscape to Adventure\u003c/title\u003e); Yugoslavia (the country as originally constituted and also the new states that emerged in the 1990's); Russia and the former Soviet Union and the new nations post 1990); Scotland; and Miscellaneous Literary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The subseries about \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003econtains a typed manuscript (Setting copy) with corrections, including an unpublished introduction; some material omitted from the published version including his admiration for a Soviet army unit, comments on the Cetniks, and conversations with King George VI and Winston Churchill and King Peter of Yugoslavia; letters from Michael Adeane, Secretary to King George VI and Winston Churchill requesting that certain passages be omitted; a letter from Peter Fleming to Jonathan Cape offering his opinion of the book, a letter from Ian Fleming to Jonathan Cape and a note to Maclean.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Other material includes correspondence with Jonathan Cape and other publishers about a new edition, correspondence with Douglas Fairbanks, Eric Ambler and others concerning a possible film version, and with Ian Curteis about a proposed television adaptation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Yugoslavia Subseries includes books: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDisputed Barricade\u003c/title\u003e(1957), published in America as \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Heretic\u003c/title\u003e, which includes an interview with Tito; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eYugoslavia\u003c/title\u003e(1969), in which Maclean wrote the text for this book of photographs; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBattle of Neretva\u003c/title\u003e(1970); and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTito: A Pictorial Biography\u003c/title\u003e(1980). Also present are articles from newspapers and magazines, 1947-1995, on Yugoslav politics and society, including interviews with Tito. Particularly interesting are two unpublished articles \"Whither Yugoslavia?\" written in 1989 based on interviews with Yugoslav politicians, including Slobodan Milosevic. There are also a number of book reviews of works by Julian Amery, William Deakin, Noel Malcolm and Misha Glenny and others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In addition, the subseries on Yugoslavia contains lectures, 1949-1995; transcripts of radio and television programs, with related correspondence; and some interviews with Tito, notably The \"Life and Times of Marshal Tito\" (December 1963); and one for a CBS news program (1969).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Russian Material Subseries contains drafts, correspondence, and research material for his books \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Person from England\u003c/title\u003e(1958), including several autograph letters,1827-1861, of Dr. Joseph Wolff, one of the English travelers chronicled in the book; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBack to Bokhara\u003c/title\u003e(1959); \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHoly Russia\u003c/title\u003e(1978); drafts titled \"All the Russias\" and \"The Other Russias,\" which were the basis for \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTo the Back of Beyond\u003c/title\u003e(1974), \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTo Caucasus: End of All the Earth\u003c/title\u003e(1976); and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHoly Russia\u003c/title\u003e(1978) which completed the trilogy; \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003ePortrait of the Soviet Union\u003c/title\u003e(1988), including material for both the book and the related TBS television series since Maclean was working on these simultaneously; and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAll the Russias\u003c/title\u003e(1992). Correspondents include Pamela Harriman, Marietta Tree and Fitzgerald Bemiss.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In addition to his books about Russia and the Soviet Union, his papers also contain articles, 1949-1995 on political, social, economic, cultural aspects of the former Soviet Union, a number on Georgia and the Caucasus, and Mikhail Gorbachev; book reviews, 1949-1994; and radio and television material, such as correspondence and transcripts for programs, including \"The End of All the Earth\" and \"Carnival in the Caucasus\"; interviews with Anna Mikhailovna Larina (Bukharin's widow) and others for the BBC \"Timewatch\" program \"Bukharin.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The subseries concerning his Scotland material includes books, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Concise History of Scotland\u003c/title\u003e(1970); \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eIsles of the Sea\u003c/title\u003e(1985); \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBonnie Prince Charlie\u003c/title\u003e(1988); and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHighlanders\u003c/title\u003e(originally titled \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eClans\u003c/title\u003e) (1995). Material for the book and television series are combined since Maclean was working on them simultaneously. Among the articles on Scotland is a notable series \"Scottish Approaches\" which appeared in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Scotsman\u003c/title\u003ein 1959.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The last subseries in Maclean's Literary Papers consists of miscellaneous literary material, including material for the book \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eTake Nine Spies\u003c/title\u003e. There is also correspondence with publishers in which he discusses more than one book, and with his literary agents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Articles are arranged chronologically, and topics range from post World War II Japan, Korea, Italy, the Middle East, and defense policy to China and Mongolia in the 1960's, an extended trip to China in 1988, and his travels in Nepal, Tibet, and Oman in the 1990's. There are also articles about his military, diplomatic, political and literary career, his travels, and personal life, and note that others are contained in two scrapbooks. The radio and television material includes his commentaries on the international scene from 1946 on.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Photographic Material comprises the third series, which contains twenty-four boxes of photographs (some in albums), contact sheets, negatives, and slides, taken by Maclean, primarily of his travels in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Asia, from 1938 through the 1990's. Especially noteworthy are those taken in Moscow, Leningrad, and Central Asia, including Afghanistan, the cities Bokhara and Samarkand, and Persia, Paris and Florence in the late 1930's, Yugoslavia during World War II, postwar Korean and China, and of Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Iran in the early 1950's. Maclean visited the former Soviet Union frequently from the late 1950's through 1987 and took numerous photographs of his favorite regions, Central Asia and the Caucasus, particularly Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e As for Yugoslavia, there is an album dated 1953 labeled Namanevru Jugoslovenska Narodne, Armije (Yugoslav People's Army) with photographs of Tito, Maclean, and soldiers; and photographs from the early 1960's through 1980 including a number of photographs of Tito. Individuals subjects include Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There are also many family photographs taken at Maclean's homes Beechfield and Strachur, and of friends. The photographs used in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDisputed Barricade\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Person from England\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBonnie Prince Charlie\u003c/title\u003eare also in this section.\n \n The fourth series consists of two small additions to the papers and include some correpondence files, such as congratulatory letters about his appointment as Under Secretary for War in 1954 and his Baronetcy in 1957, his letters published in the press, and the Great Britain-USSR Association; files on his participation in various conferences concerning Yugoslavia and War War II; election campaign materials of Maclean; Notebooks, including \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June); news articles; speeches by Maclean, including printed speeches published in \"Parliamentary Debates\"; passports; pocket and desk diaries; first drafts of \"Eastern Approaches\"; a file on guerilla warfare; a copy of a 1938 Report on Central Asia by Maclean; and Veronica Maclean's description about her first meeting with Josip Broz Tito in 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Appointments to London, Paris, and Moscow and his resignation from the Foreign Office\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Maclean's Mission to Tito and an Extract from \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Second World War\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincluding \"The Partisan Movement in Yugoslavia\" and \"Note on the Present Military and Political Situation in Serbia\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrafts of Statement on the Extent of British Aid to the Partisans\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Appointments and Impact on Service to Constituency\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Irregular Warfare and Correspondence with Field Marshall Earl Alexander of Tunis and Others\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Vietnam War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Interview with Vice-President Bodnaras of Romania; Meeting with Tito; and Draft Article on Sino-Soviet Border\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Winston Churchill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere E.C. Grants for Argyll and Bute\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Consideration of Fitzroy Maclean as Governor of Cyprus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere a Resignation to Veronica Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere his serving as godfather to her daughter, Charlotte\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere British Press Coverage of Yugoslavia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Simic Cureija\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Visit with Tito, with note from Jack Coville, Secretary to Winston Churchill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Tito\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Korcula\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Visit to Yugoslavia for 25th Anniversary of National Liberation, includes photographs of Maclean and Willian Deakin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecoration Awarded to Fitzroy Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProposed British Decorations of Yugoslavs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Yugoslav Students in Britain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Allied Mission to Yugoslavia in World War II for Muzej AVNOJ\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Korcula, Yugoslavia, Town Twinning with Argyll and Bute, Scotland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Maclean's Efforts in Support of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere British Policy towards the Balkan Resistance Movements\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Meeting with Tito\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Research and Annual Summaries (Copies) of Events in Yugoslavia, 1957-1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Margaret Thatcher's Trip, with Official Program\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Prince of Wales' Visit to Yugoslavia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Fitzroy Maclean's article for the British-Yugoslav Society on the Prince of Wales' visit\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Arrangements for the British Delegation to Tito's Funeral\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Official Visit of Fitzroy Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Program of Economic Reform\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere his biography of Tito\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Controversy over British Military Mission in World War II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere BBC \"Timewatch: Tito\" Program\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere a Yugoslav Detainee in 1945\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Korcula, Croatia Emergency Appeal\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Benefit Concert for Dubrovnik\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Owen's Mission\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case (Repatriations in 1945)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Tito Memoirs and other projects\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Purchase of \"Beechfield\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Ticonderoga story\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Purchase of \"Creggans Inn\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFitzroy Maclean\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Evelyn Waugh biography\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Fitzroy Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Fitzroy Maclean and Articles by him\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Awarding of Baronetcy and Arms\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Honorary Degree from the University of Glasgow\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Honorary Degree from Acadia University\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Honorary Degree from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Fitzroy Maclean and Tito\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Honorary Degree from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Fitzroy Maclean and Tito, signed by Josip Broz Tito and Madame Jovanka Broz\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Honorary Degree from Dundee University\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Special Air Service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the 23rd Special Air Service Regiment\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Installation of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of theThistle\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Installation of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Appointment of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle--Congratulations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Appointment of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrder of the Thistle Ceremony\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Freedom of Argyll and Bute\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere omitting part of an interview with the King about Yugoslavia from his book\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewith comments about what Maclean had written about himself in the book\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ethanking him for the copy of his book sent to the King\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Publicity\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranslations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere American Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere German Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Paperback Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Proposed Film, with a copy of the script for the film, April 1956\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Proposed TV Series\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Proposed TV Series\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Yugoslav Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Yugoslav Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter of thanks on behalf of Tito\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere American Edition, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Heretic\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Translations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere German Forces in Yugoslavia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincluding \"The Fourth Enemy Offensive\" and some in Serbo-Croatian\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Book Promotion Tour in Yugoslavia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Book Promotion Tour in Yugoslavia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincluding some correspondence and notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Korcula by Charles Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere of BBC Radio Broadcast on Mission to Tito\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Tito obituary for BBC Radio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere BBC Radio \"I Was There\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Film \"General from Strachur\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere BBC Television Tito Obituary\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Tito Interview for CBS News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Proposed BBC Programs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Proposed Film on Tito\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere BBC Program on the S.O.E. (Special Operations Executive)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere BBC Program on Evelyn Waugh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Miscellaneous Television and Film Projects\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere BBC Program \"Ratlines\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere VPRO Program\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere New Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Proposed Film\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Translations\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal Letters of Joseph Wolff and Correspondence with Ancient Light Bookshop\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts and Copies of Letters of Charles Stoddart and others from the Public Records Office\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere American Edition and Other Projects\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Copyright Renewal\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere German edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Sino Russian Border in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eLife\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Caucasus Region\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence re\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Bukharin Trial in Moscow \u0026amp; Interview with his widow\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Mikhail Gorbachev\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Georgia in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Sunday Times\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Azerbaijan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Georgia, including notes and drafts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Georgia in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Scotsman Magazine\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Azerbaijan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Caucasus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Mikhail Gorbachov\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Mikhail Gorbachev in honor of Hugh Seton-Watson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003egiven at Foyle's Lunch\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Georgia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Georgia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere a New Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere an American Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere a German Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1996 from Edwin Moore to Veronica Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere German Edition\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere reprint as \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eWest Highland Tales\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Publicity \u0026amp; Book Reviews\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Publicity\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere \"Scotland in Parliament\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Japan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Asia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Korea\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Italy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Middle East\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Persia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Defense of Great Britain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Greece\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Libya during World War II\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Turkey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere China \"Inside Red China\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere China Trip\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere China \"Peking Revisited,\" \"Don't Let China Stew in Her Own Juice,\" and \"Eyewitnesses in China\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Mongolia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Sir Winston Churchill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMongolia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Black Sea, including one by Veronica Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Defense of Europe: \"Nuclear Deterrence and Conventional Forces,\" with Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere China--Trip to Kashgar in Chinese Turkestan, including Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Nepal and Bhutan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Germany\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere David Stirling for \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDictionary of National Biography\u003c/title\u003eand Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Canary Islands\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Oman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Tibet--Correspondence, Travel Arrangements, and Memorabilia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Tibet\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere the Channel Tunnel\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Fitzroy Maclean, some in German, French, Serbo-Croatian, Swedish, and Dutch\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Tibet\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Publication of Evelyn Waugh's Diaries, which include references to Fitzroy Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Invitation to Frankfurt\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere German Translations of \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eIsles of the Sea\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eEastern Approaches\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ere Proposed Book of Interviews including Fitzroy Maclean\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003esome accompanied by correspondence, including: Violet Asquith, Nancy Astor, Charles Bohlen, John Bute, Nicolae Causescu, Earl Cawdor, Thomas Churchill, John Clarke, the Queen Mother, Lord Lovat, Charles Maclean, Andrew Maxwell, Paddy Mayne and Bill Elliot, Iain Moncrieffe, Peter Moore, David Scott, David Stirling, and Lord Ward\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePeople\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnvirons \u0026amp; Monasteries\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGUM Store, Race Track, \u0026amp; Fashions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Kremlin \u0026amp; Red Square\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe file includes a draft of a 1968 letter to Aleksey Aleksandrovich Surkov, President of the USSR - Great Britain Society, also includes letters to and from the Baroness Asquith of Yarnbury (\"Violet\").\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotebooks include \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June), circa 1943-1958\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Maclean's undated notes on Soviet history up to \"Glasnost,\" notes on the \"Council of Europe,\" (1973); series of letters between Sir Charles Peake, British Embassy, and Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1946-1953.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese include a speech before the Boarding House and Catering Association, one mentioning nuclear deterrence, and international events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addition contains two letters written by Fitzroy Maclean and John Baldock to Helen F. Moore of Leicester, England. A typewritten letter from Maclean to Baldock addresses Moore's concern regarding rioting by South Koreans in the vicinity of the Troops Rest Center at Inchon and her request to move the Center. He reviews her concern, noting that the demonstrations were against the Neutral Nations Armistice Commission and took place six and a half miles from the Center. He notes that the Center was not affected by the rioting and that, after careful consideration, the Center would remain open and not move to another area. The second item is a cover letter from John Baldock forwarding Maclean's response to Ms. Moore.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents Note","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This Fitzroy Maclean papers consist (1827-1996; 44 cubic feet) of the professional and personal papers of Scottish soldier, diplomat, politician, author, and traveler, Sir Fitzroy Hew Maclean (1911-1996) of Dunconnel. It includes correspondence, memoranda, manuscripts, typescripts, newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, lectures, speeches, photographs, memorabilia, and research material pertaining to his military, diplomatic, political and literary career as well as family and personal affairs.","Maclean is best known for his role during World War II as head of the British military mission to Yugoslavia in which he served as Winston Churchill's personal representative to leader of the Communist Partisans, Josip Broz Tito, his diplomatic service in the Soviet Union in the late 1930's, and as the author of the classic memoir Eastern Approaches (1949) and many other books and articles. After the war, he pursued a political career as a Conservative member of Parliament, and, based on his close relationship with Tito, played a key role in Anglo-Yugoslav affairs. He was also noted for his expertise on the Soviet Union."," A third focal point of his life and career was Scotland: he was a proud member of Clan Maclean and wrote several works on Scottish history, biography, and folklore. The collection contains some material in Serbo-Croatian, German, Italian and French."," The papers are arranged in four main series with various sub-series. Items of particular interest in the First Series, Career and Personal Papers, are described in the following paragraphs devoted to each subseries. In the Diplomatic Subseries are dispatches and memoranda of his trips through Central Asia (including Afghanistan and the ancient cities Bokhara and Samarkand) and the Caucasus, on the situation in Sinkiang (Chinese Turkestan) and on the political stability of the Soviet Union, 1937-1939."," The subseries British Military Mission to Yugoslavia contains Winston Churchill's Minute concerning his Mission to Tito, Autograph Diary (2 pages) re his arrival in Yugoslavia, \"Ratweek\" Map (oversize), twelve files (labeled Top Secret) including memoranda, correspondence, telegrams, etc concerning military and political affairs such as Allied operations and aid to Tito's Partisans, formation of the Yugoslav government, relief, the visit of Field Marshal Alexander, Supreme Allied Commander to Belgrade, Macedonia, Prospect of South Slav federation, and correspondence with Evelyn Waugh."," The Special Refugee Commission subseries contains correspondence, telegrams, reports, including one submitted to Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, articles, and a draft of a speech on the refugee problems to a parliamentary committee."," Political correspondence includes papers concerning the Lancaster by-election of 1941, the general election of 1945, and correspondence with Winston Churchill, Harold Macmillan, Anthony Eden, Alec Douglas- Home, Peter Carrington, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Robert Kennedy, John Lindsay, Henry Jackson, and Averell Harriman ; a memorandum to Field Marshal Alexander of Tunis concerning irregular warfare; and correspondence and memoranda related to a parliamentary delegation to Romania in 1973."," Material in the VIP Subseries includes: letters and notes from members of the Royal Family including Prince Charles, Princess Margaret, Elizabeth the Queen Mother; Clementine Churchill and Mary Churchill Soames; and a thank you note from Lauren Bacall."," The Yugoslavia and Tito Subseries contains significant material including memoranda of meetings with Tito in 1949,1950, 1953, 1968, 1973; informative accounts by Maclean and other British officers about the Military Mission in World War II for an official book published by Muzej AVNOJ (1970-1971); correspondence about Maclean's involvement in proposals for the publication of Tito's memoirs (1966-1977) and about the nomination of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize (1972-1973); correspondence and papers by Maclean and others from a conference on British Policy and Resistance in the Balkans (1973); Briefing papers, correspondence and memoranda of Margaret Thatcher's visit to Yugoslavia in 1977, and correspondence and memorabilia pertaining to the Prince of Wales' visit in 1978; correspondence about Maclean's visit in 1989 and transcript of an interview with Prime Minister Ante Markovic."," For the 1990's, the time of war and the dissolution of Yugoslavia , there is correspondence with David Owen, Stevan Dedijer and others, and about the Korcula Emergency Appeal, a relief effort for a hospital on the island of Korcula, Croatia, organized by the Macleans; letters from Yugoslav friends describing the turmoil , and/or seeking assistance in finding jobs in the United Kingdom; correspondence about renewed controversy about the British Military Mission in World War II. and the Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case concerning the repatriation of Yugoslavs in 1945. It should also be noted that in Series II, Subseries B, Literary Material pertaining to Yugoslavia, there is some correspondence filed with the manuscripts, typescripts, articles and radio and television transcripts."," The Subseries Family and Personal Papers has letters from friends and teachers, some in German, French, and Italian. In a significant group of letters to his parents (1939-1945) from London, Cairo, Belgrade, and elsewhere, Maclean discussed the international situation, his desire to leave the Foreign Office in order to join the army, life in London during the Blitz, the beginning of his political career, and his military service (some letters were extensively cut by the censors). There are also a number of letters to his parents from the years 1946-1955 from Maclean and his wife Veronica discussing family matters and living conditions in Italy and Austria while Maclean was directing the Special Refugee Commission, and about their travels in Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey in the early 1950's."," Also present is correspondence with Frank McLynn, his biographer, 1990-1994, and two scrapbooks. The blue scrapbook (1939-1951) includes one letter of Maclean to his aunt, newspaper clippings relating to his military service in Yugoslavia, his marriage, some articles by him, a few photographs. The red scrapbook, 1943-1946 also has newspaper clippings about his military service and political career and articles by him."," The Second Series consists of literary papers. This series contains drafts, typescripts, setting copies of his books with related correspondence with publishers and others about the publication process, contracts, royalty statements, book reviews, fan mail, articles, book reviews, speeches, lectures, transcripts of radio and television programs, film proposals or treatments. Several of his books were published under different titles in the United States. It is organized into five subseries based on subject matter. These include:  Eastern Approaches (American title-  Escape to Adventure ); Yugoslavia (the country as originally constituted and also the new states that emerged in the 1990's); Russia and the former Soviet Union and the new nations post 1990); Scotland; and Miscellaneous Literary."," The subseries about  Eastern Approaches contains a typed manuscript (Setting copy) with corrections, including an unpublished introduction; some material omitted from the published version including his admiration for a Soviet army unit, comments on the Cetniks, and conversations with King George VI and Winston Churchill and King Peter of Yugoslavia; letters from Michael Adeane, Secretary to King George VI and Winston Churchill requesting that certain passages be omitted; a letter from Peter Fleming to Jonathan Cape offering his opinion of the book, a letter from Ian Fleming to Jonathan Cape and a note to Maclean."," Other material includes correspondence with Jonathan Cape and other publishers about a new edition, correspondence with Douglas Fairbanks, Eric Ambler and others concerning a possible film version, and with Ian Curteis about a proposed television adaptation."," The Yugoslavia Subseries includes books:  Disputed Barricade (1957), published in America as  The Heretic , which includes an interview with Tito;  Yugoslavia (1969), in which Maclean wrote the text for this book of photographs;  Battle of Neretva (1970); and  Tito: A Pictorial Biography (1980). Also present are articles from newspapers and magazines, 1947-1995, on Yugoslav politics and society, including interviews with Tito. Particularly interesting are two unpublished articles \"Whither Yugoslavia?\" written in 1989 based on interviews with Yugoslav politicians, including Slobodan Milosevic. There are also a number of book reviews of works by Julian Amery, William Deakin, Noel Malcolm and Misha Glenny and others."," In addition, the subseries on Yugoslavia contains lectures, 1949-1995; transcripts of radio and television programs, with related correspondence; and some interviews with Tito, notably The \"Life and Times of Marshal Tito\" (December 1963); and one for a CBS news program (1969)."," The Russian Material Subseries contains drafts, correspondence, and research material for his books  A Person from England (1958), including several autograph letters,1827-1861, of Dr. Joseph Wolff, one of the English travelers chronicled in the book;  Back to Bokhara (1959);  Holy Russia (1978); drafts titled \"All the Russias\" and \"The Other Russias,\" which were the basis for  To the Back of Beyond (1974),  To Caucasus: End of All the Earth (1976); and  Holy Russia (1978) which completed the trilogy;  Portrait of the Soviet Union (1988), including material for both the book and the related TBS television series since Maclean was working on these simultaneously; and  All the Russias (1992). Correspondents include Pamela Harriman, Marietta Tree and Fitzgerald Bemiss."," In addition to his books about Russia and the Soviet Union, his papers also contain articles, 1949-1995 on political, social, economic, cultural aspects of the former Soviet Union, a number on Georgia and the Caucasus, and Mikhail Gorbachev; book reviews, 1949-1994; and radio and television material, such as correspondence and transcripts for programs, including \"The End of All the Earth\" and \"Carnival in the Caucasus\"; interviews with Anna Mikhailovna Larina (Bukharin's widow) and others for the BBC \"Timewatch\" program \"Bukharin.\""," The subseries concerning his Scotland material includes books,  A Concise History of Scotland (1970);  Isles of the Sea (1985);  Bonnie Prince Charlie (1988); and  Highlanders (originally titled  Clans ) (1995). Material for the book and television series are combined since Maclean was working on them simultaneously. Among the articles on Scotland is a notable series \"Scottish Approaches\" which appeared in  The Scotsman in 1959."," The last subseries in Maclean's Literary Papers consists of miscellaneous literary material, including material for the book  Take Nine Spies . There is also correspondence with publishers in which he discusses more than one book, and with his literary agents."," Articles are arranged chronologically, and topics range from post World War II Japan, Korea, Italy, the Middle East, and defense policy to China and Mongolia in the 1960's, an extended trip to China in 1988, and his travels in Nepal, Tibet, and Oman in the 1990's. There are also articles about his military, diplomatic, political and literary career, his travels, and personal life, and note that others are contained in two scrapbooks. The radio and television material includes his commentaries on the international scene from 1946 on."," Photographic Material comprises the third series, which contains twenty-four boxes of photographs (some in albums), contact sheets, negatives, and slides, taken by Maclean, primarily of his travels in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Asia, from 1938 through the 1990's. Especially noteworthy are those taken in Moscow, Leningrad, and Central Asia, including Afghanistan, the cities Bokhara and Samarkand, and Persia, Paris and Florence in the late 1930's, Yugoslavia during World War II, postwar Korean and China, and of Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey and Iran in the early 1950's. Maclean visited the former Soviet Union frequently from the late 1950's through 1987 and took numerous photographs of his favorite regions, Central Asia and the Caucasus, particularly Georgia."," As for Yugoslavia, there is an album dated 1953 labeled Namanevru Jugoslovenska Narodne, Armije (Yugoslav People's Army) with photographs of Tito, Maclean, and soldiers; and photographs from the early 1960's through 1980 including a number of photographs of Tito. Individuals subjects include Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. There are also many family photographs taken at Maclean's homes Beechfield and Strachur, and of friends. The photographs used in  Eastern Approaches ,  Disputed Barricade ,  A Person from England , and  Bonnie Prince Charlie are also in this section.\n \n The fourth series consists of two small additions to the papers and include some correpondence files, such as congratulatory letters about his appointment as Under Secretary for War in 1954 and his Baronetcy in 1957, his letters published in the press, and the Great Britain-USSR Association; files on his participation in various conferences concerning Yugoslavia and War War II; election campaign materials of Maclean; Notebooks, including \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June); news articles; speeches by Maclean, including printed speeches published in \"Parliamentary Debates\"; passports; pocket and desk diaries; first drafts of \"Eastern Approaches\"; a file on guerilla warfare; a copy of a 1938 Report on Central Asia by Maclean; and Veronica Maclean's description about her first meeting with Josip Broz Tito in 1947.","re Appointments to London, Paris, and Moscow and his resignation from the Foreign Office","re Maclean's Mission to Tito and an Extract from  The Second World War","including \"The Partisan Movement in Yugoslavia\" and \"Note on the Present Military and Political Situation in Serbia\"","Drafts of Statement on the Extent of British Aid to the Partisans","re Appointments and Impact on Service to Constituency","re Irregular Warfare and Correspondence with Field Marshall Earl Alexander of Tunis and Others","re Vietnam War","re the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia","re Interview with Vice-President Bodnaras of Romania; Meeting with Tito; and Draft Article on Sino-Soviet Border","re Winston Churchill","re E.C. Grants for Argyll and Bute","re Consideration of Fitzroy Maclean as Governor of Cyprus","re a Resignation to Veronica Maclean","re his serving as godfather to her daughter, Charlotte","re British Press Coverage of Yugoslavia","re Simic Cureija","re Visit with Tito, with note from Jack Coville, Secretary to Winston Churchill","re Tito","re Korcula","re the Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia","re Visit to Yugoslavia for 25th Anniversary of National Liberation, includes photographs of Maclean and Willian Deakin","Decoration Awarded to Fitzroy Maclean","Proposed British Decorations of Yugoslavs","re Yugoslav Students in Britain","re Allied Mission to Yugoslavia in World War II for Muzej AVNOJ","re Korcula, Yugoslavia, Town Twinning with Argyll and Bute, Scotland","re Maclean's Efforts in Support of Tito for the Nobel Peace Prize","re British Policy towards the Balkan Resistance Movements","re Meeting with Tito","re Research and Annual Summaries (Copies) of Events in Yugoslavia, 1957-1972","re Margaret Thatcher's Trip, with Official Program","re the Prince of Wales' Visit to Yugoslavia","re Fitzroy Maclean's article for the British-Yugoslav Society on the Prince of Wales' visit","re Arrangements for the British Delegation to Tito's Funeral","re Official Visit of Fitzroy Maclean","re Program of Economic Reform","re his biography of Tito","re Controversy over British Military Mission in World War II","re BBC \"Timewatch: Tito\" Program","re a Yugoslav Detainee in 1945","re Korcula, Croatia Emergency Appeal","re Benefit Concert for Dubrovnik","re Owen's Mission","re Aldington-Tolstoy Libel Case (Repatriations in 1945)","re Tito Memoirs and other projects","re Purchase of \"Beechfield\"","re Ticonderoga story","re Purchase of \"Creggans Inn\"","re  Fitzroy Maclean","re Evelyn Waugh biography","re Fitzroy Maclean","re Fitzroy Maclean and Articles by him","re Awarding of Baronetcy and Arms","re Honorary Degree from the University of Glasgow","re Honorary Degree from Acadia University","re Honorary Degree from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Fitzroy Maclean and Tito","re Honorary Degree from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Fitzroy Maclean and Tito, signed by Josip Broz Tito and Madame Jovanka Broz","re Honorary Degree from Dundee University","re Special Air Service","re the 23rd Special Air Service Regiment","re Installation of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of theThistle","re Installation of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle","re Appointment of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle--Congratulations","re Appointment of Fitzroy Maclean in the Order of the Thistle","Order of the Thistle Ceremony","re Freedom of Argyll and Bute","re omitting part of an interview with the King about Yugoslavia from his book","with comments about what Maclean had written about himself in the book","thanking him for the copy of his book sent to the King","re Publicity","Translations","re American Edition","re German Edition","re Paperback Edition","re Proposed Film, with a copy of the script for the film, April 1956","re Proposed TV Series","re Proposed TV Series","re Yugoslav Edition","re Yugoslav Edition","Letter of thanks on behalf of Tito","re American Edition,  The Heretic","re Translations","re German Forces in Yugoslavia","including \"The Fourth Enemy Offensive\" and some in Serbo-Croatian","re Book Promotion Tour in Yugoslavia","re Book Promotion Tour in Yugoslavia","including some correspondence and notes","re Korcula by Charles Maclean","Unpublished","re of BBC Radio Broadcast on Mission to Tito","re Tito obituary for BBC Radio","re BBC Radio \"I Was There\"","re Film \"General from Strachur\"","re BBC Television Tito Obituary","re Tito Interview for CBS News","re Proposed BBC Programs","re Proposed Film on Tito","re BBC Program on the S.O.E. (Special Operations Executive)","re BBC Program on Evelyn Waugh","re Miscellaneous Television and Film Projects","re BBC Program \"Ratlines\"","re VPRO Program","re New Edition","re Proposed Film","re Research","re Translations","Original Letters of Joseph Wolff and Correspondence with Ancient Light Bookshop","Transcripts and Copies of Letters of Charles Stoddart and others from the Public Records Office","re American Edition and Other Projects","re Copyright Renewal","re German edition","re the Sino Russian Border in  Life","re the Caucasus Region","Correspondence re","re the Bukharin Trial in Moscow \u0026 Interview with his widow","re Mikhail Gorbachev","re Georgia in  The Sunday Times","re Azerbaijan","re Georgia, including notes and drafts","re Georgia in  The Scotsman Magazine","re Azerbaijan","re Caucasus","re Mikhail Gorbachov","re Mikhail Gorbachev in honor of Hugh Seton-Watson","given at Foyle's Lunch","re Georgia","re Georgia","re a New Edition","re an American Edition","re a German Edition","August 1, 1996 from Edwin Moore to Veronica Maclean","re German Edition","re reprint as  West Highland Tales","re Publicity \u0026 Book Reviews","re Publicity","re \"Scotland in Parliament\"","re Japan","re Asia","re Korea","re Italy","re the Middle East","re Persia","re Defense of Great Britain","re Greece","re Libya during World War II","re Turkey","re China \"Inside Red China\"","re China Trip","re China \"Peking Revisited,\" \"Don't Let China Stew in Her Own Juice,\" and \"Eyewitnesses in China\"","re Mongolia","re Sir Winston Churchill","Mongolia","re the Black Sea, including one by Veronica Maclean","re Defense of Europe: \"Nuclear Deterrence and Conventional Forces,\" with Correspondence","re China--Trip to Kashgar in Chinese Turkestan, including Correspondence","re Nepal and Bhutan","re Germany","re David Stirling for  Dictionary of National Biography and Correspondence","re Canary Islands","re Oman","re Tibet--Correspondence, Travel Arrangements, and Memorabilia","re Tibet","re the Channel Tunnel","re Fitzroy Maclean, some in German, French, Serbo-Croatian, Swedish, and Dutch","re Tibet","re Publication of Evelyn Waugh's Diaries, which include references to Fitzroy Maclean","re Invitation to Frankfurt","re German Translations of  Isles of the Sea and  Eastern Approaches","re Proposed Book of Interviews including Fitzroy Maclean","some accompanied by correspondence, including: Violet Asquith, Nancy Astor, Charles Bohlen, John Bute, Nicolae Causescu, Earl Cawdor, Thomas Churchill, John Clarke, the Queen Mother, Lord Lovat, Charles Maclean, Andrew Maxwell, Paddy Mayne and Bill Elliot, Iain Moncrieffe, Peter Moore, David Scott, David Stirling, and Lord Ward","People","Environs \u0026 Monasteries","GUM Store, Race Track, \u0026 Fashions","The Kremlin \u0026 Red Square","The file includes a draft of a 1968 letter to Aleksey Aleksandrovich Surkov, President of the USSR - Great Britain Society, also includes letters to and from the Baroness Asquith of Yarnbury (\"Violet\").","Notebooks include \"Russian Notebook\" (May 15-June 17, 1958); \"Mission\" describing his recall from the Middle East in 1943 to go to Yugoslavia as Winston Churchill's personal representative to support the resistance forces that were most effective against the Germans, moving British support from the Chetniks to the Communist-led partisans and Tito, (circa 1943-1944); and a trip to the country of Georgia (no year, May-June), circa 1943-1958","Includes Maclean's undated notes on Soviet history up to \"Glasnost,\" notes on the \"Council of Europe,\" (1973); series of letters between Sir Charles Peake, British Embassy, and Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1946-1953.","These include a speech before the Boarding House and Catering Association, one mentioning nuclear deterrence, and international events.","This addition contains two letters written by Fitzroy Maclean and John Baldock to Helen F. Moore of Leicester, England. A typewritten letter from Maclean to Baldock addresses Moore's concern regarding rioting by South Koreans in the vicinity of the Troops Rest Center at Inchon and her request to move the Center. He reviews her concern, noting that the demonstrations were against the Neutral Nations Armistice Commission and took place six and a half miles from the Center. He notes that the Center was not affected by the rioting and that, after careful consideration, the Center would remain open and not move to another area. The second item is a cover letter from John Baldock forwarding Maclean's response to Ms. Moore."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Maclean, Fitzroy, 1911-1996"],"language_ssim":["Materials are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules"],"total_component_count_is":763,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:47:27.185Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_838"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1028#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1028#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland's time in Peru, and contains his journal, a typed transcript of the journal by Mary Noland Young, photographs (chiefly albumen prints) of items, places, and peoples in the Amazon, correspondence (including drafts and translations), and legal documents. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1028#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1028.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120844","title_filing_ssi":"Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley, papers","title_ssm":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1872-2020","1872-1906, 1964, 2020"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1872-1906, 1964, 2020"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1872-2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS .16476","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1028"],"text":["MSS .16476","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1028","Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers","Peru","Ashaninca","Campa del Pichis","Cashibo indigenous group","Conibo indigenous group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel","Indigenous peoples -- Peru","Amazon River Region","Rivers--Peru","Gold","gold mines and mining","diaries","Fair to good","This collection is open for research use.","Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland (1846-1913) was born in Hanover County, Virginia, the son of Colonel Callender St. George Noland (1816-1875) and Mary Edmonia Berkeley (1823-1901). ","Noland was a student at the Virginia Military Institute, from 1863-1864 and 1867-1870, where he served as a private in Company C, participating in the Battle of New Market during the Civil War. ","He was employed both as a civil engineer and a farmer. Noland was employed as a civil engineer by the Peruvian Hydraulic Commission 1873-1874. Noland and Elizabeth M. Mayo (1850-1883) were married in 1883.","This material contains offensive or harmful language based on race and religion. Also present are a few descriptions of violence against Black, Indigenous, and people of color.","The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid. ","This collection documents Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland's time in Peru, and contains his journal, a typed transcript of the journal by Mary Noland Young, photographs (chiefly albumen prints) of items, places, and peoples in the Amazon, correspondence (including drafts and translations), and legal documents. ","Also present are oversize blueprint maps of the Peruvian Amazon region drawn by Noland, a \"Map of a Section of South America - Peru, a Vertical Cross Section of the Continent about the 2nd Degree South Latitude,\" and two spear points. ","Noland's journal records his travels on the Peruvian tributaries of the Amazon from 1873 to 1874. The journal documents his work, describing his travels, the geography, flora and fauna of the area, and his observations and interactions with the various indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon. It includes hand drawn illustrations.","The contract was between Noland, Civil Engineer, and J.R. Tucker, President of the Amazon Hydrographic Commission of Peru (April 10, 1872). Also present is a letter of thanks for services rendered to the steam launch \"Mayro\" during the voyage to Iquitos, Peru (August 11, 1873), and a final letter of thanks from the Peruvian government for the successful completion of the mission (December 4, 1874). ","There is a letter from Senator Thomas S. Martin describing his efforts through the State Department to secure payment from the Peruvian government for the \"claim of the Hydrographic Commission of the Amazon\" (March 12, 1896)."," A packet of typed letters translated and bound together with the notation \"C\" on the back include the following correspondents and topics: \n \nManuel Santillan wrote Alexander W. Thornely about the opportunities for mining the riches of the area of the Marañon River region of Peru, including gold dust, rubber trees, and chocolate (February 6, 1899)."," Abraham Madina wrote to Manuel Santillan about the danger from indigenous peoples in the region creating difficulties in harvesting all the riches of the area but also emphasizing the richness and health of the region (February 4, 1899). \n \nMaximiliano Kabsch to Otoniel Melena, describes the situation along the River Napo, mentioning both \"civilized\" indigenous peoples accustomed to working with foreigners and other indigenous peoples, not used to working with foreigners but who were peaceful. He also mentioned the requirements for successful navigation of the river and other financial opportunities in nearby Ecuador (February 1, 1899).","Otoniel Melena to Alexander W. Thornely, described an expedition to the upper Marañon River region, the source of much gold, but  also containing rapids and a large whirlpool. The whirlpool resulted in loss of life to San Ramon and several indigenous laborers on the expedition, when he disregarded their advice to avoid it. ","During another expedition in 1890 led by an American, Mr. Walf, and a German naturalist, above the Pongo de Mainique (a water gap or canyon) of the Urubamba River, a group was visited by members of the \"Nautipus\" people who invited them to stay in their village for a few days (February 4, 1899). They brought twelve of the indigenous people with them back to San Antonio, Peru, including a chief named Wamba.","Melena also shared what he has heard about the headwaters of the River Napo and its prospects for mining. He suggests that Noland come to Peru accompanied by a naturalist and mining expert by way of Colón, Panama, then Guayaquil, Ecuador, to Quito, Ecuador. Once in Quito, he should visit Dr. Mestanza and get additional information about the voyage down the Napo River to Iquitos, Peru, Borja, Peru, and the upper Marañon region. (February 4, 1899).","Also present at the back of the group letters is a copy of an undated account of one of the expeditions in search of the historical gold mines of Morillo or Cerro Angaisa by Jose del Carmen Vasquez. This expedition began on August 1, 1882, when he left Moyobamba for the upper Amazon, taking with him fourteen well-armed men. He secured the services of several villagers from Aripari and interpreters for the languages of the \"wild tribes.\" ","He described their first encounter with the \"Chunchos\" indigenous people, a Peruvian Spanish word for the Asháninka people, who occupy the upper region of the Potro River. He sent interpreters to the tribe to ask them to supply canoes for the journey. ","They traveled in the canoes to the Asháninka village where they prepared food for the trip, chiefly sweet potatoes, and he insisted the Moyobambinos with him make clothing for the tribe as they typically wore no clothing. Vasquez and his group stayed with the Asháninka people for eleven days. ","He mentioned one of the Asháninka by name, Huapi, who indicated that gold could be found in a distant canyon, but no one else in the expedition was willing to continue at that time. Vasquez and his men had been traveling for seventy-nine days on this first expedition. He briefly described three additional trips which provided more information about the area, but no gold.","Translations of two letters (4 copies):","Manuel Santillan to Mr. A.W. Thornely, April 16, 1899, reporting that the port of Iquitos had recently seen its first American Man of War, the gunboat \"Wilmington,\" believed to be in the area to investigate the reports of the wealth of the products of the upper Amazon. He also mentioned Mr. Bruner and a company of Americans exploring the placer mines of the River Napo.","Colonel Fisher, former American representative to Chile, on behalf of Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland, to Don Alvares Calderon, Minister Plenipotentiary of Peru, August 1900, wrote concerning the possibility of opening up the mining district of the upper Amazon by a Special Concession to a company in the United States associated with Noland for hydraulic mining of gold to make it easier to raise capital for the venture.","Also in this folder is a draft undated memorandum of agreement between Carl H. Nolting, Louisa County, Virginia, and Noland, and a letter from J.F. Spofford to Noland about the rates of passage to Peru, October 9, 1900.","Contains a print copy in Spanish and hand-written English translation of the transfer of an agreement of The Inca Gold Development Corporation of Peru, Limited, with the government of Peru for the right to dredge the Inambari River, Province of Carabaya, April 29, 1904. ","Other correspondents writing about the project or furnishing letters of introduction March 22-23, 1906) include A.J. Montague, E.B. Thomason, Nelson B. Noland, Irving B. Dudley, Z.A. Loredo. The folder also contained a letter from Mary Bleecker Miller Noland (1889-1985) to the National Geographic Society offering Noland's papers as a gift, June 20, 1964. ","The journal kept by Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland describes his travels and adventures as a member of the Hydraulic Commission of Peru in the upper Amazon region while making accurate navigational charts for the tributaries of the Amazon.  The Commission began their mission by leaving Iquitos, Peru, with two boats, the launch \"Mairo\" and the steamer, the \"Tambo, with Noland being aboard the \"Mairo\" as the civil engineer.","The handwritten journal also contains some drawings, photographs, and news clippings. Apparently some photographs had been removed by Noland, possibly by relatives or for use as illustrations for some articles he wrote for \"Appleton's Journal\" in 1875. ","The \"Mairo\" first explored the River Nanay from September 17, 1873 until its return to Iquitos, Peru, on October 3, 1873. On October 27, 1873, still aboard the \"Mairo,\" Noland and his group left Iquitos to explore the Morona, Potro, Pastaza and Tigre rivers. They returned on December 4, 1873, to Iquitos from those explorations. ","2) Noland described an indigenous settlement at Courahualie, where the people, with heavily painted faces, came to see them off the next day, speaking the Incan language and with the girls carrying monkeys upon their heads (February 23-24, 1873). ","Later he described a canoe which was made from a single tree and propelled by ten indigenous men on the Ucayali River. The \"Mairo\" passed it but later heard the same group of indigenous men during the night coming into Puca-Cura, playing music and singing \"a wild kind of melody, as they paddled, very sweet\" (March 6, 1873). ","The next morning, they saw one of the men, tattooed on his face and hands, being lashed by a man named Martinez (?) who owned the farmhouse, land, and the canoe (March 7, 1873). ","3) Anchored at Sara-Yuca, they saw several aboriginal canoes who came along side and offered them masato to drink. One of the individuals, with a \"musical instrument made of pieces of reed of different sizes and lengths,\" played the same song Noland had heard earlier down the river (March 9, 1873) in \"the Incan tongue.\" ","He also described the Old Church and other buildings constructed by the Jesuits who founded it two hundred years ago (March 10, 1873). ","He saw other indigenous people at the Bepuano chacara who he said were \"the wildest I have seen and have their war clubs, bows and arrows arranged in their houses ready for use\" (March 11, 1873).","4) Noland met a boy who had been captured by the Conibo ethnic group from the Cashibo ethnic group. The Cashibos along the River Pachitea were rumored to be cannibals (March 14, 1873). ","He also met an older monk, at the Cashaboya station of the Order of St. Francis, trying to arrange three indigenous languages into some kind of form and prepare a dictionary for the Incan language (March 16, 1873). ","They purchased plantains, ground peas and a monkey from some of the indigenous people as they left their anchor site about fifty miles from Calleria. When they anchored for the night at a Conibo settlement two miles from the mouth of the Pachitea River, they also purchased some wild hogs (wangana) and more plantains (March 25-26, 1873). ","Noland wrote about being on the border of cannibal country and recounts the story of two Peruvian officers who were killed and eaten about twelve miles above them some time ago (March 26, 1873). ","5) Noland described the Commission's arrangement with \"Old Clemente\" who had his warriors cut wood with axes for use as fuel in the \"Tambo\" and deliver it in the indigenous canoes. ","This production of wood was interrupted when the warriors went on a war expedition against the Cashibos \"to steal their women and children.\" Noland also described their beliefs about burning the house of any member of the group who dies, cut up his canoe, kill his enslaved persons and destroy all their belongings out of fear of being bewitched. ","On page 10, he has also drawn a picture of the Conibo knife carried by each man.  (March 31-April 2, 1873).","6) Noland furnished additional information about the indigenous warriors, their preparations, an aside about the production of \"masato de yuca\" by the older indigenous women, and the failure of the mission of the warriors due to thesuperior numbers of the Cashibos (April 3 and 8, 1873). He described one of the Conibo houses and how it was arranged (May 1, 1873). ","Noland also wrote of being lost deep in the forest on the border between the Conibos and the Cashibos while hunting with a guide and how difficult it was to get back to the river (May 10, 1873).  Noland's entry for May 12th says that the chief of the local indigenous group predicted the \"Tambo\" was coming up the river and would arrive soon because of the waterfowl which was disturbed by the steamer's advance and flew in advance of it on the upper Ucayali River.","7) On May 14, 1873, the \"Tambo\" had finally arrived to join Noland's group (on the advance launch \"Mairo\") near the mouth of the Pachitea River, apparently full of animal and bird species both alive and mounted as specimens. ","The arrival of the \"Tambo\" was so late in the season that it was unsafe for either vessel to proceed up the Pachitea River to do the survey, so the Hydraulic Commission purchased six canoes from the Conibo indigenous group to carry the members of the commission and their provisions for five to six weeks up the Pachitea River, two to three hundred miles.","Noland went on to describe the Conibo canoes, their dimensions, stability, construction, arrangement of the indigenous crew in the canoe, and the distribution of the Commission members and soldiers among the crafts (May 15-19, 1873). ","Some indigenous Cashibos, who had been captured and enslaved by Pedro, the brother of Clemente (both being members of the Conibo group) also joined the expedition (May 20-21, 1873). ","8) Noland also described the Conibos' fear of being in the territory of their neighbors, the Cashibos, reported to be cannibals and related a story involving a Peruvian gunboat who landed on a small island (Chouta Isla) and whose captain and 2nd commander were killed by the Cashibos. Both were reported as eaten by the group of Cashibos (May 21, 1873). He described an attack by the Cashibos upon the pilot canoe, during the daylight hours (May 24, 1873).","9) He described the canoes passing under cliffs of colored lava, where some bore a type of \"hieroglyphic\" writing, possibly the most eastern trace of the Incas yet known (May 26, 1873) and exchanging presents with some of the Cashibos along the banks (May 30, 1873). This \"gift exchange\" turned into an armed altercation shortly thereafter. They arrived at the mouth of the Pichis River and began its exploration (June 4-6, 1873). ","A desertion by eight of their men was caused by fear of the Campas indigenous people, known as \"the most fierce of all the Indians of Peru\" according to Noland (June 7-11, 1873). They continued on further into the territory of the Campas and he related stories and information about them and the local flora and fauna in his journal (June 12-16, 1873).","10) While headed back towards the steamers, they ran across a larger than normal war party of Conibos about to attack the Cashibos (June 27, 1873) who would be either killed or enslaved by them, and then sold to the whites of Iquitos, Peru, although this was against the law. ","Noland mentioned the trafficking of shrunken heads made from captives taken in war by interior indigenous peoples, also against Peruvian law. The Conibo expedition was later  reported to be unsuccessful (October 28, 1873).","An account was attached after page 27, describing the story about the shrunken head of Tibi, the fearsome chief of the \"Antipas\" ethnic group, defeated by the indigenous group, the \"Aguaruna.\" ","11) On June 28, 1873, the group reached the steamers, still anchored within the mouth of the Pachitea, after being aboard the canoes for forty-one days. ","Following this entry, Noland began a long paragraph with his own observations about the indigenous people in the region they had been exploring. On July 1,1873, the Hydraulic Commission began traveling up the Ucayali River, stopping at Sara-Yacu on July 9, where he purchased a young \"tiger\" and employed the local umbrella, a palm thatch, during a severe thunderstorm. ","On August 24, 1873, they arrived back at Iquitos, where the boats were greeted by the entire village.  Noland then began a lengthy description of the inhabitants of Iquitos, Peru, and their customs. He also mentions meeting James Orton (1830-1877) author of \"Andes and Amazon.\"","12) On September 17, 1873, the group began the second series of explorations, beginning at the River Nanay. The local indigenous people were called the Iquitos (September 23, 1873).","Noland described the multi-ethnic composition of the crew of his launch, some of their more interesting meals, and the great number of butterflies they had seen on the Nanay River (September 26, 1873). ","Upon their arrival back in Iquitos, the entire crew was ill, probably due to malaria (October 1, 1873). On October 13-15, they conducted a short exploration of the River Itaya, which is important only because the river enters the Amazon at Iquitos, Peru.","In October, both the \"Tambo\" and the steamer \"Alceste\" arrived with provisions. Unfortunately, the \"Alceste\" also carried smallpox to Iquitos. Noland described the fear of smallpox by the indigenous people who were known to desert their villages until the disease departed (October 24, 1873). ","13) They began their exploration up the River Potro which emptied into the River Marañon (October 26, 1873).  Noland mentioned a story about the death of an indigenous man who was known as a good pilot for the upper waters during an attack by the \"Mouratos\" people (November 5-7, 1873). ","He described Borja as being situated at the head of the Marañon River in a rich gold region. The Spanish had garrisoned two hundred soldiers there to force the indigenous people to bring in gold. Upon the independence of Peru and the withdrawal of the soldiers, the local population destroyed the town, killed the inhabitants, and forced the governor to drink liquid gold according to local legend. Borja had never been successfully rebuilt. ","14) After about a month spent exploring the four tributaries of the Upper Marañon, they arrived back in Iquitos, Peru (December 7, 1873). Noland comments on the mixture of backgrounds and races of the persons in the villages of the Amazon, which include indigenous, \"Negro,\" Spanish and Portuguese.","He also refered to the prevalence of smallpox in the town and described the harmonious and beautiful music of the local indigenous people (December 13, 1873). Noland also recorded his disparaging thoughts on the results of \"the combination of races\" in Brazil and Peru (end of section for January 4, 1874).","15) Noland and Mr. Sparrow decided to leave Iquitos behind for the duration of the Carnival celebrations and avoid some of its excesses (February 20, 1874). On March 21, 1874, Sparrow and Noland sailed on the steamer \"Pastaza\" to finish the survey of the Marañon River and returned to Borja (March 22-April 5, 1874). He described the town of Iquitos as a kind of Peruvian Botany Bay for offending officers and Peru as weak country with a poor government (April 27, 1874).","16) The finances of Peru were in such bad shape that there was no money for the members of the Commission to be paid or to get home. They were forced to personally borrow money to settle their accounts in the office of the commissary. The steamer \"Morona\" arrived late and in a damaged condition. They left on the \"Morona\" still hoping to make the connection with the Brazilian boat in time to get home by October.  ","On the next day, the steamer \"Morona\" ran aground on a playa along the river. Although the Peruvian boat, the \"Pastaza\" came along shortly afterwards, the captain prevented them from boarding his boat and left them stranded in the falling river levels (August 22-September 23, 1874). ","17) Noland and the others remain stuck on the playa from September 23 until October 12, 1874, when they managed to get the \"Morona\" off the playa and back into the river. In this section of the journal, he made several disparaging remarks about the efficiency of the Peruvian navy and the \"Latin\" temperament. ","By October 20th, Noland's group arrived at the Brazilian frontier fort, \"Tabatinga\" which he described. He also continued to share his negative opinions about the mixture of races in South America, using an African American Padre as an example (October 23, 1874). ","After a six day stay in Manaos, Brazil, they left on the boat \"Marajo\" (October 26, 1874), and reached Obidos, Brazil, on October 28, the head of tide water on the Amazon and five hundred miles from the mouth of the river. Noland mentioned that there was an American colony there of former Confederates. ","18) Noland and Sparrow decide to take the schooner \"Charles E. Moody\" bound for New York and led by Captain Collamore, a New Englander with early Yankee ancestors who merit Noland's approval. ","He makes much of the crew being white and the captain a Yankee, as opposed to the crews and captains of most of the boats in Peru and Brazil (October 31-December 1, 1874). By November 29, 1874, the schooner was near Cape Henry, Virginia, and on December 1, 1874, the ship made it to a pier in New York City on the East River.","Consists of the framed original map and 4 copies of the map which was hand drawn by Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland. The map has a list of both rivers and places in the area covered. Three copies are on blueprint paper.","Reports include A \"Some Facts About the Peruvian Amazon,B \"Recapitulated and Condensed,\" and \"Something about Gold Fields, know to exist, but not now definitely located, in Rich Peru.\" Noland wrote these to interest investors and raise money to find and mine gold in the Peruvian Amazon region.","The two spear points were identified by the Peabody Museum, New Haven, Connecticut as a Red Brown Chert and a Red Brown Chert Tang.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS .16476","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1028"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Peru","Ashaninca","Campa del Pichis","Cashibo indigenous group","Conibo indigenous group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel"],"geogname_ssim":["Peru","Ashaninca","Campa del Pichis","Cashibo indigenous group","Conibo indigenous group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel"],"creator_ssm":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"creator_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"creators_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"places_ssim":["Peru","Ashaninca","Campa del Pichis","Cashibo indigenous group","Conibo indigenous group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library on November 12, 2021, by Mary Noland Young and Lucy Burwell Young."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Indigenous peoples -- Peru","Amazon River Region","Rivers--Peru","Gold","gold mines and mining","diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Indigenous peoples -- Peru","Amazon River Region","Rivers--Peru","Gold","gold mines and mining","diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good"],"extent_ssm":[".75  Cubic Feet 1 legal document box, 1 small artifact box, and one flat file folder (2 x 3 feet)"],"extent_tesim":[".75  Cubic Feet 1 legal document box, 1 small artifact box, and one flat file folder (2 x 3 feet)"],"genreform_ssim":["diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Nelson Berkeley Noland (1846-1913) was born in Hanover County, Virginia, the son of Colonel Callender St. George Noland (1816-1875) and Mary Edmonia Berkeley (1823-1901). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNoland was a student at the Virginia Military Institute, from 1863-1864 and 1867-1870, where he served as a private in Company C, participating in the Battle of New Market during the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe was employed both as a civil engineer and a farmer. Noland was employed as a civil engineer by the Peruvian Hydraulic Commission 1873-1874. Noland and Elizabeth M. Mayo (1850-1883) were married in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland (1846-1913) was born in Hanover County, Virginia, the son of Colonel Callender St. George Noland (1816-1875) and Mary Edmonia Berkeley (1823-1901). ","Noland was a student at the Virginia Military Institute, from 1863-1864 and 1867-1870, where he served as a private in Company C, participating in the Battle of New Market during the Civil War. ","He was employed both as a civil engineer and a farmer. Noland was employed as a civil engineer by the Peruvian Hydraulic Commission 1873-1874. Noland and Elizabeth M. Mayo (1850-1883) were married in 1883."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains offensive or harmful language based on race and religion. Also present are a few descriptions of violence against Black, Indigenous, and people of color.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid. \u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains offensive or harmful language based on race and religion. Also present are a few descriptions of violence against Black, Indigenous, and people of color.","The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, MSS 16476, 1872-1806, 1964, 2020, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, MSS 16476, 1872-1806, 1964, 2020, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland's time in Peru, and contains his journal, a typed transcript of the journal by Mary Noland Young, photographs (chiefly albumen prints) of items, places, and peoples in the Amazon, correspondence (including drafts and translations), and legal documents. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso present are oversize blueprint maps of the Peruvian Amazon region drawn by Noland, a \"Map of a Section of South America - Peru, a Vertical Cross Section of the Continent about the 2nd Degree South Latitude,\" and two spear points. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNoland's journal records his travels on the Peruvian tributaries of the Amazon from 1873 to 1874. The journal documents his work, describing his travels, the geography, flora and fauna of the area, and his observations and interactions with the various indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon. It includes hand drawn illustrations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe contract was between Noland, Civil Engineer, and J.R. Tucker, President of the Amazon Hydrographic Commission of Peru (April 10, 1872). Also present is a letter of thanks for services rendered to the steam launch \"Mayro\" during the voyage to Iquitos, Peru (August 11, 1873), and a final letter of thanks from the Peruvian government for the successful completion of the mission (December 4, 1874). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is a letter from Senator Thomas S. Martin describing his efforts through the State Department to secure payment from the Peruvian government for the \"claim of the Hydrographic Commission of the Amazon\" (March 12, 1896).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A packet of typed letters translated and bound together with the notation \"C\" on the back include the following correspondents and topics: \n \nManuel Santillan wrote Alexander W. Thornely about the opportunities for mining the riches of the area of the Marañon River region of Peru, including gold dust, rubber trees, and chocolate (February 6, 1899).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Abraham Madina wrote to Manuel Santillan about the danger from indigenous peoples in the region creating difficulties in harvesting all the riches of the area but also emphasizing the richness and health of the region (February 4, 1899). \n \nMaximiliano Kabsch to Otoniel Melena, describes the situation along the River Napo, mentioning both \"civilized\" indigenous peoples accustomed to working with foreigners and other indigenous peoples, not used to working with foreigners but who were peaceful. He also mentioned the requirements for successful navigation of the river and other financial opportunities in nearby Ecuador (February 1, 1899).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOtoniel Melena to Alexander W. Thornely, described an expedition to the upper Marañon River region, the source of much gold, but  also containing rapids and a large whirlpool. The whirlpool resulted in loss of life to San Ramon and several indigenous laborers on the expedition, when he disregarded their advice to avoid it. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring another expedition in 1890 led by an American, Mr. Walf, and a German naturalist, above the Pongo de Mainique (a water gap or canyon) of the Urubamba River, a group was visited by members of the \"Nautipus\" people who invited them to stay in their village for a few days (February 4, 1899). They brought twelve of the indigenous people with them back to San Antonio, Peru, including a chief named Wamba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMelena also shared what he has heard about the headwaters of the River Napo and its prospects for mining. He suggests that Noland come to Peru accompanied by a naturalist and mining expert by way of Colón, Panama, then Guayaquil, Ecuador, to Quito, Ecuador. Once in Quito, he should visit Dr. Mestanza and get additional information about the voyage down the Napo River to Iquitos, Peru, Borja, Peru, and the upper Marañon region. (February 4, 1899).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso present at the back of the group letters is a copy of an undated account of one of the expeditions in search of the historical gold mines of Morillo or Cerro Angaisa by Jose del Carmen Vasquez. This expedition began on August 1, 1882, when he left Moyobamba for the upper Amazon, taking with him fourteen well-armed men. He secured the services of several villagers from Aripari and interpreters for the languages of the \"wild tribes.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe described their first encounter with the \"Chunchos\" indigenous people, a Peruvian Spanish word for the Asháninka people, who occupy the upper region of the Potro River. He sent interpreters to the tribe to ask them to supply canoes for the journey. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey traveled in the canoes to the Asháninka village where they prepared food for the trip, chiefly sweet potatoes, and he insisted the Moyobambinos with him make clothing for the tribe as they typically wore no clothing. Vasquez and his group stayed with the Asháninka people for eleven days. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe mentioned one of the Asháninka by name, Huapi, who indicated that gold could be found in a distant canyon, but no one else in the expedition was willing to continue at that time. Vasquez and his men had been traveling for seventy-nine days on this first expedition. He briefly described three additional trips which provided more information about the area, but no gold.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTranslations of two letters (4 copies):\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eManuel Santillan to Mr. A.W. Thornely, April 16, 1899, reporting that the port of Iquitos had recently seen its first American Man of War, the gunboat \"Wilmington,\" believed to be in the area to investigate the reports of the wealth of the products of the upper Amazon. He also mentioned Mr. Bruner and a company of Americans exploring the placer mines of the River Napo.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eColonel Fisher, former American representative to Chile, on behalf of Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland, to Don Alvares Calderon, Minister Plenipotentiary of Peru, August 1900, wrote concerning the possibility of opening up the mining district of the upper Amazon by a Special Concession to a company in the United States associated with Noland for hydraulic mining of gold to make it easier to raise capital for the venture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso in this folder is a draft undated memorandum of agreement between Carl H. Nolting, Louisa County, Virginia, and Noland, and a letter from J.F. Spofford to Noland about the rates of passage to Peru, October 9, 1900.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a print copy in Spanish and hand-written English translation of the transfer of an agreement of The Inca Gold Development Corporation of Peru, Limited, with the government of Peru for the right to dredge the Inambari River, Province of Carabaya, April 29, 1904. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther correspondents writing about the project or furnishing letters of introduction March 22-23, 1906) include A.J. Montague, E.B. Thomason, Nelson B. Noland, Irving B. Dudley, Z.A. Loredo. The folder also contained a letter from Mary Bleecker Miller Noland (1889-1985) to the National Geographic Society offering Noland's papers as a gift, June 20, 1964. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe journal kept by Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland describes his travels and adventures as a member of the Hydraulic Commission of Peru in the upper Amazon region while making accurate navigational charts for the tributaries of the Amazon.  The Commission began their mission by leaving Iquitos, Peru, with two boats, the launch \"Mairo\" and the steamer, the \"Tambo, with Noland being aboard the \"Mairo\" as the civil engineer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe handwritten journal also contains some drawings, photographs, and news clippings. Apparently some photographs had been removed by Noland, possibly by relatives or for use as illustrations for some articles he wrote for \"Appleton's Journal\" in 1875. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Mairo\" first explored the River Nanay from September 17, 1873 until its return to Iquitos, Peru, on October 3, 1873. On October 27, 1873, still aboard the \"Mairo,\" Noland and his group left Iquitos to explore the Morona, Potro, Pastaza and Tigre rivers. They returned on December 4, 1873, to Iquitos from those explorations. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2) Noland described an indigenous settlement at Courahualie, where the people, with heavily painted faces, came to see them off the next day, speaking the Incan language and with the girls carrying monkeys upon their heads (February 23-24, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLater he described a canoe which was made from a single tree and propelled by ten indigenous men on the Ucayali River. The \"Mairo\" passed it but later heard the same group of indigenous men during the night coming into Puca-Cura, playing music and singing \"a wild kind of melody, as they paddled, very sweet\" (March 6, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe next morning, they saw one of the men, tattooed on his face and hands, being lashed by a man named Martinez (?) who owned the farmhouse, land, and the canoe (March 7, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3) Anchored at Sara-Yuca, they saw several aboriginal canoes who came along side and offered them masato to drink. One of the individuals, with a \"musical instrument made of pieces of reed of different sizes and lengths,\" played the same song Noland had heard earlier down the river (March 9, 1873) in \"the Incan tongue.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe also described the Old Church and other buildings constructed by the Jesuits who founded it two hundred years ago (March 10, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe saw other indigenous people at the Bepuano chacara who he said were \"the wildest I have seen and have their war clubs, bows and arrows arranged in their houses ready for use\" (March 11, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4) Noland met a boy who had been captured by the Conibo ethnic group from the Cashibo ethnic group. The Cashibos along the River Pachitea were rumored to be cannibals (March 14, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe also met an older monk, at the Cashaboya station of the Order of St. Francis, trying to arrange three indigenous languages into some kind of form and prepare a dictionary for the Incan language (March 16, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey purchased plantains, ground peas and a monkey from some of the indigenous people as they left their anchor site about fifty miles from Calleria. When they anchored for the night at a Conibo settlement two miles from the mouth of the Pachitea River, they also purchased some wild hogs (wangana) and more plantains (March 25-26, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNoland wrote about being on the border of cannibal country and recounts the story of two Peruvian officers who were killed and eaten about twelve miles above them some time ago (March 26, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5) Noland described the Commission's arrangement with \"Old Clemente\" who had his warriors cut wood with axes for use as fuel in the \"Tambo\" and deliver it in the indigenous canoes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis production of wood was interrupted when the warriors went on a war expedition against the Cashibos \"to steal their women and children.\" Noland also described their beliefs about burning the house of any member of the group who dies, cut up his canoe, kill his enslaved persons and destroy all their belongings out of fear of being bewitched. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn page 10, he has also drawn a picture of the Conibo knife carried by each man.  (March 31-April 2, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6) Noland furnished additional information about the indigenous warriors, their preparations, an aside about the production of \"masato de yuca\" by the older indigenous women, and the failure of the mission of the warriors due to thesuperior numbers of the Cashibos (April 3 and 8, 1873). He described one of the Conibo houses and how it was arranged (May 1, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNoland also wrote of being lost deep in the forest on the border between the Conibos and the Cashibos while hunting with a guide and how difficult it was to get back to the river (May 10, 1873).  Noland's entry for May 12th says that the chief of the local indigenous group predicted the \"Tambo\" was coming up the river and would arrive soon because of the waterfowl which was disturbed by the steamer's advance and flew in advance of it on the upper Ucayali River.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e7) On May 14, 1873, the \"Tambo\" had finally arrived to join Noland's group (on the advance launch \"Mairo\") near the mouth of the Pachitea River, apparently full of animal and bird species both alive and mounted as specimens. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe arrival of the \"Tambo\" was so late in the season that it was unsafe for either vessel to proceed up the Pachitea River to do the survey, so the Hydraulic Commission purchased six canoes from the Conibo indigenous group to carry the members of the commission and their provisions for five to six weeks up the Pachitea River, two to three hundred miles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNoland went on to describe the Conibo canoes, their dimensions, stability, construction, arrangement of the indigenous crew in the canoe, and the distribution of the Commission members and soldiers among the crafts (May 15-19, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome indigenous Cashibos, who had been captured and enslaved by Pedro, the brother of Clemente (both being members of the Conibo group) also joined the expedition (May 20-21, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e8) Noland also described the Conibos' fear of being in the territory of their neighbors, the Cashibos, reported to be cannibals and related a story involving a Peruvian gunboat who landed on a small island (Chouta Isla) and whose captain and 2nd commander were killed by the Cashibos. Both were reported as eaten by the group of Cashibos (May 21, 1873). He described an attack by the Cashibos upon the pilot canoe, during the daylight hours (May 24, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e9) He described the canoes passing under cliffs of colored lava, where some bore a type of \"hieroglyphic\" writing, possibly the most eastern trace of the Incas yet known (May 26, 1873) and exchanging presents with some of the Cashibos along the banks (May 30, 1873). This \"gift exchange\" turned into an armed altercation shortly thereafter. They arrived at the mouth of the Pichis River and began its exploration (June 4-6, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA desertion by eight of their men was caused by fear of the Campas indigenous people, known as \"the most fierce of all the Indians of Peru\" according to Noland (June 7-11, 1873). They continued on further into the territory of the Campas and he related stories and information about them and the local flora and fauna in his journal (June 12-16, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e10) While headed back towards the steamers, they ran across a larger than normal war party of Conibos about to attack the Cashibos (June 27, 1873) who would be either killed or enslaved by them, and then sold to the whites of Iquitos, Peru, although this was against the law. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNoland mentioned the trafficking of shrunken heads made from captives taken in war by interior indigenous peoples, also against Peruvian law. The Conibo expedition was later  reported to be unsuccessful (October 28, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn account was attached after page 27, describing the story about the shrunken head of Tibi, the fearsome chief of the \"Antipas\" ethnic group, defeated by the indigenous group, the \"Aguaruna.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e11) On June 28, 1873, the group reached the steamers, still anchored within the mouth of the Pachitea, after being aboard the canoes for forty-one days. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing this entry, Noland began a long paragraph with his own observations about the indigenous people in the region they had been exploring. On July 1,1873, the Hydraulic Commission began traveling up the Ucayali River, stopping at Sara-Yacu on July 9, where he purchased a young \"tiger\" and employed the local umbrella, a palm thatch, during a severe thunderstorm. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn August 24, 1873, they arrived back at Iquitos, where the boats were greeted by the entire village.  Noland then began a lengthy description of the inhabitants of Iquitos, Peru, and their customs. He also mentions meeting James Orton (1830-1877) author of \"Andes and Amazon.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e12) On September 17, 1873, the group began the second series of explorations, beginning at the River Nanay. The local indigenous people were called the Iquitos (September 23, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNoland described the multi-ethnic composition of the crew of his launch, some of their more interesting meals, and the great number of butterflies they had seen on the Nanay River (September 26, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUpon their arrival back in Iquitos, the entire crew was ill, probably due to malaria (October 1, 1873). On October 13-15, they conducted a short exploration of the River Itaya, which is important only because the river enters the Amazon at Iquitos, Peru.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn October, both the \"Tambo\" and the steamer \"Alceste\" arrived with provisions. Unfortunately, the \"Alceste\" also carried smallpox to Iquitos. Noland described the fear of smallpox by the indigenous people who were known to desert their villages until the disease departed (October 24, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e13) They began their exploration up the River Potro which emptied into the River Marañon (October 26, 1873).  Noland mentioned a story about the death of an indigenous man who was known as a good pilot for the upper waters during an attack by the \"Mouratos\" people (November 5-7, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe described Borja as being situated at the head of the Marañon River in a rich gold region. The Spanish had garrisoned two hundred soldiers there to force the indigenous people to bring in gold. Upon the independence of Peru and the withdrawal of the soldiers, the local population destroyed the town, killed the inhabitants, and forced the governor to drink liquid gold according to local legend. Borja had never been successfully rebuilt. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e14) After about a month spent exploring the four tributaries of the Upper Marañon, they arrived back in Iquitos, Peru (December 7, 1873). Noland comments on the mixture of backgrounds and races of the persons in the villages of the Amazon, which include indigenous, \"Negro,\" Spanish and Portuguese.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe also refered to the prevalence of smallpox in the town and described the harmonious and beautiful music of the local indigenous people (December 13, 1873). Noland also recorded his disparaging thoughts on the results of \"the combination of races\" in Brazil and Peru (end of section for January 4, 1874).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e15) Noland and Mr. Sparrow decided to leave Iquitos behind for the duration of the Carnival celebrations and avoid some of its excesses (February 20, 1874). On March 21, 1874, Sparrow and Noland sailed on the steamer \"Pastaza\" to finish the survey of the Marañon River and returned to Borja (March 22-April 5, 1874). He described the town of Iquitos as a kind of Peruvian Botany Bay for offending officers and Peru as weak country with a poor government (April 27, 1874).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e16) The finances of Peru were in such bad shape that there was no money for the members of the Commission to be paid or to get home. They were forced to personally borrow money to settle their accounts in the office of the commissary. The steamer \"Morona\" arrived late and in a damaged condition. They left on the \"Morona\" still hoping to make the connection with the Brazilian boat in time to get home by October.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn the next day, the steamer \"Morona\" ran aground on a playa along the river. Although the Peruvian boat, the \"Pastaza\" came along shortly afterwards, the captain prevented them from boarding his boat and left them stranded in the falling river levels (August 22-September 23, 1874). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e17) Noland and the others remain stuck on the playa from September 23 until October 12, 1874, when they managed to get the \"Morona\" off the playa and back into the river. In this section of the journal, he made several disparaging remarks about the efficiency of the Peruvian navy and the \"Latin\" temperament. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy October 20th, Noland's group arrived at the Brazilian frontier fort, \"Tabatinga\" which he described. He also continued to share his negative opinions about the mixture of races in South America, using an African American Padre as an example (October 23, 1874). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter a six day stay in Manaos, Brazil, they left on the boat \"Marajo\" (October 26, 1874), and reached Obidos, Brazil, on October 28, the head of tide water on the Amazon and five hundred miles from the mouth of the river. Noland mentioned that there was an American colony there of former Confederates. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e18) Noland and Sparrow decide to take the schooner \"Charles E. Moody\" bound for New York and led by Captain Collamore, a New Englander with early Yankee ancestors who merit Noland's approval. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe makes much of the crew being white and the captain a Yankee, as opposed to the crews and captains of most of the boats in Peru and Brazil (October 31-December 1, 1874). By November 29, 1874, the schooner was near Cape Henry, Virginia, and on December 1, 1874, the ship made it to a pier in New York City on the East River.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of the framed original map and 4 copies of the map which was hand drawn by Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland. The map has a list of both rivers and places in the area covered. Three copies are on blueprint paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports include A \"Some Facts About the Peruvian Amazon,B \"Recapitulated and Condensed,\" and \"Something about Gold Fields, know to exist, but not now definitely located, in Rich Peru.\" Noland wrote these to interest investors and raise money to find and mine gold in the Peruvian Amazon region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe two spear points were identified by the Peabody Museum, New Haven, Connecticut as a Red Brown Chert and a Red Brown Chert Tang.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Journal","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland's time in Peru, and contains his journal, a typed transcript of the journal by Mary Noland Young, photographs (chiefly albumen prints) of items, places, and peoples in the Amazon, correspondence (including drafts and translations), and legal documents. ","Also present are oversize blueprint maps of the Peruvian Amazon region drawn by Noland, a \"Map of a Section of South America - Peru, a Vertical Cross Section of the Continent about the 2nd Degree South Latitude,\" and two spear points. ","Noland's journal records his travels on the Peruvian tributaries of the Amazon from 1873 to 1874. The journal documents his work, describing his travels, the geography, flora and fauna of the area, and his observations and interactions with the various indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon. It includes hand drawn illustrations.","The contract was between Noland, Civil Engineer, and J.R. Tucker, President of the Amazon Hydrographic Commission of Peru (April 10, 1872). Also present is a letter of thanks for services rendered to the steam launch \"Mayro\" during the voyage to Iquitos, Peru (August 11, 1873), and a final letter of thanks from the Peruvian government for the successful completion of the mission (December 4, 1874). ","There is a letter from Senator Thomas S. Martin describing his efforts through the State Department to secure payment from the Peruvian government for the \"claim of the Hydrographic Commission of the Amazon\" (March 12, 1896)."," A packet of typed letters translated and bound together with the notation \"C\" on the back include the following correspondents and topics: \n \nManuel Santillan wrote Alexander W. Thornely about the opportunities for mining the riches of the area of the Marañon River region of Peru, including gold dust, rubber trees, and chocolate (February 6, 1899)."," Abraham Madina wrote to Manuel Santillan about the danger from indigenous peoples in the region creating difficulties in harvesting all the riches of the area but also emphasizing the richness and health of the region (February 4, 1899). \n \nMaximiliano Kabsch to Otoniel Melena, describes the situation along the River Napo, mentioning both \"civilized\" indigenous peoples accustomed to working with foreigners and other indigenous peoples, not used to working with foreigners but who were peaceful. He also mentioned the requirements for successful navigation of the river and other financial opportunities in nearby Ecuador (February 1, 1899).","Otoniel Melena to Alexander W. Thornely, described an expedition to the upper Marañon River region, the source of much gold, but  also containing rapids and a large whirlpool. The whirlpool resulted in loss of life to San Ramon and several indigenous laborers on the expedition, when he disregarded their advice to avoid it. ","During another expedition in 1890 led by an American, Mr. Walf, and a German naturalist, above the Pongo de Mainique (a water gap or canyon) of the Urubamba River, a group was visited by members of the \"Nautipus\" people who invited them to stay in their village for a few days (February 4, 1899). They brought twelve of the indigenous people with them back to San Antonio, Peru, including a chief named Wamba.","Melena also shared what he has heard about the headwaters of the River Napo and its prospects for mining. He suggests that Noland come to Peru accompanied by a naturalist and mining expert by way of Colón, Panama, then Guayaquil, Ecuador, to Quito, Ecuador. Once in Quito, he should visit Dr. Mestanza and get additional information about the voyage down the Napo River to Iquitos, Peru, Borja, Peru, and the upper Marañon region. (February 4, 1899).","Also present at the back of the group letters is a copy of an undated account of one of the expeditions in search of the historical gold mines of Morillo or Cerro Angaisa by Jose del Carmen Vasquez. This expedition began on August 1, 1882, when he left Moyobamba for the upper Amazon, taking with him fourteen well-armed men. He secured the services of several villagers from Aripari and interpreters for the languages of the \"wild tribes.\" ","He described their first encounter with the \"Chunchos\" indigenous people, a Peruvian Spanish word for the Asháninka people, who occupy the upper region of the Potro River. He sent interpreters to the tribe to ask them to supply canoes for the journey. ","They traveled in the canoes to the Asháninka village where they prepared food for the trip, chiefly sweet potatoes, and he insisted the Moyobambinos with him make clothing for the tribe as they typically wore no clothing. Vasquez and his group stayed with the Asháninka people for eleven days. ","He mentioned one of the Asháninka by name, Huapi, who indicated that gold could be found in a distant canyon, but no one else in the expedition was willing to continue at that time. Vasquez and his men had been traveling for seventy-nine days on this first expedition. He briefly described three additional trips which provided more information about the area, but no gold.","Translations of two letters (4 copies):","Manuel Santillan to Mr. A.W. Thornely, April 16, 1899, reporting that the port of Iquitos had recently seen its first American Man of War, the gunboat \"Wilmington,\" believed to be in the area to investigate the reports of the wealth of the products of the upper Amazon. He also mentioned Mr. Bruner and a company of Americans exploring the placer mines of the River Napo.","Colonel Fisher, former American representative to Chile, on behalf of Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland, to Don Alvares Calderon, Minister Plenipotentiary of Peru, August 1900, wrote concerning the possibility of opening up the mining district of the upper Amazon by a Special Concession to a company in the United States associated with Noland for hydraulic mining of gold to make it easier to raise capital for the venture.","Also in this folder is a draft undated memorandum of agreement between Carl H. Nolting, Louisa County, Virginia, and Noland, and a letter from J.F. Spofford to Noland about the rates of passage to Peru, October 9, 1900.","Contains a print copy in Spanish and hand-written English translation of the transfer of an agreement of The Inca Gold Development Corporation of Peru, Limited, with the government of Peru for the right to dredge the Inambari River, Province of Carabaya, April 29, 1904. ","Other correspondents writing about the project or furnishing letters of introduction March 22-23, 1906) include A.J. Montague, E.B. Thomason, Nelson B. Noland, Irving B. Dudley, Z.A. Loredo. The folder also contained a letter from Mary Bleecker Miller Noland (1889-1985) to the National Geographic Society offering Noland's papers as a gift, June 20, 1964. ","The journal kept by Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland describes his travels and adventures as a member of the Hydraulic Commission of Peru in the upper Amazon region while making accurate navigational charts for the tributaries of the Amazon.  The Commission began their mission by leaving Iquitos, Peru, with two boats, the launch \"Mairo\" and the steamer, the \"Tambo, with Noland being aboard the \"Mairo\" as the civil engineer.","The handwritten journal also contains some drawings, photographs, and news clippings. Apparently some photographs had been removed by Noland, possibly by relatives or for use as illustrations for some articles he wrote for \"Appleton's Journal\" in 1875. ","The \"Mairo\" first explored the River Nanay from September 17, 1873 until its return to Iquitos, Peru, on October 3, 1873. On October 27, 1873, still aboard the \"Mairo,\" Noland and his group left Iquitos to explore the Morona, Potro, Pastaza and Tigre rivers. They returned on December 4, 1873, to Iquitos from those explorations. ","2) Noland described an indigenous settlement at Courahualie, where the people, with heavily painted faces, came to see them off the next day, speaking the Incan language and with the girls carrying monkeys upon their heads (February 23-24, 1873). ","Later he described a canoe which was made from a single tree and propelled by ten indigenous men on the Ucayali River. The \"Mairo\" passed it but later heard the same group of indigenous men during the night coming into Puca-Cura, playing music and singing \"a wild kind of melody, as they paddled, very sweet\" (March 6, 1873). ","The next morning, they saw one of the men, tattooed on his face and hands, being lashed by a man named Martinez (?) who owned the farmhouse, land, and the canoe (March 7, 1873). ","3) Anchored at Sara-Yuca, they saw several aboriginal canoes who came along side and offered them masato to drink. One of the individuals, with a \"musical instrument made of pieces of reed of different sizes and lengths,\" played the same song Noland had heard earlier down the river (March 9, 1873) in \"the Incan tongue.\" ","He also described the Old Church and other buildings constructed by the Jesuits who founded it two hundred years ago (March 10, 1873). ","He saw other indigenous people at the Bepuano chacara who he said were \"the wildest I have seen and have their war clubs, bows and arrows arranged in their houses ready for use\" (March 11, 1873).","4) Noland met a boy who had been captured by the Conibo ethnic group from the Cashibo ethnic group. The Cashibos along the River Pachitea were rumored to be cannibals (March 14, 1873). ","He also met an older monk, at the Cashaboya station of the Order of St. Francis, trying to arrange three indigenous languages into some kind of form and prepare a dictionary for the Incan language (March 16, 1873). ","They purchased plantains, ground peas and a monkey from some of the indigenous people as they left their anchor site about fifty miles from Calleria. When they anchored for the night at a Conibo settlement two miles from the mouth of the Pachitea River, they also purchased some wild hogs (wangana) and more plantains (March 25-26, 1873). ","Noland wrote about being on the border of cannibal country and recounts the story of two Peruvian officers who were killed and eaten about twelve miles above them some time ago (March 26, 1873). ","5) Noland described the Commission's arrangement with \"Old Clemente\" who had his warriors cut wood with axes for use as fuel in the \"Tambo\" and deliver it in the indigenous canoes. ","This production of wood was interrupted when the warriors went on a war expedition against the Cashibos \"to steal their women and children.\" Noland also described their beliefs about burning the house of any member of the group who dies, cut up his canoe, kill his enslaved persons and destroy all their belongings out of fear of being bewitched. ","On page 10, he has also drawn a picture of the Conibo knife carried by each man.  (March 31-April 2, 1873).","6) Noland furnished additional information about the indigenous warriors, their preparations, an aside about the production of \"masato de yuca\" by the older indigenous women, and the failure of the mission of the warriors due to thesuperior numbers of the Cashibos (April 3 and 8, 1873). He described one of the Conibo houses and how it was arranged (May 1, 1873). ","Noland also wrote of being lost deep in the forest on the border between the Conibos and the Cashibos while hunting with a guide and how difficult it was to get back to the river (May 10, 1873).  Noland's entry for May 12th says that the chief of the local indigenous group predicted the \"Tambo\" was coming up the river and would arrive soon because of the waterfowl which was disturbed by the steamer's advance and flew in advance of it on the upper Ucayali River.","7) On May 14, 1873, the \"Tambo\" had finally arrived to join Noland's group (on the advance launch \"Mairo\") near the mouth of the Pachitea River, apparently full of animal and bird species both alive and mounted as specimens. ","The arrival of the \"Tambo\" was so late in the season that it was unsafe for either vessel to proceed up the Pachitea River to do the survey, so the Hydraulic Commission purchased six canoes from the Conibo indigenous group to carry the members of the commission and their provisions for five to six weeks up the Pachitea River, two to three hundred miles.","Noland went on to describe the Conibo canoes, their dimensions, stability, construction, arrangement of the indigenous crew in the canoe, and the distribution of the Commission members and soldiers among the crafts (May 15-19, 1873). ","Some indigenous Cashibos, who had been captured and enslaved by Pedro, the brother of Clemente (both being members of the Conibo group) also joined the expedition (May 20-21, 1873). ","8) Noland also described the Conibos' fear of being in the territory of their neighbors, the Cashibos, reported to be cannibals and related a story involving a Peruvian gunboat who landed on a small island (Chouta Isla) and whose captain and 2nd commander were killed by the Cashibos. Both were reported as eaten by the group of Cashibos (May 21, 1873). He described an attack by the Cashibos upon the pilot canoe, during the daylight hours (May 24, 1873).","9) He described the canoes passing under cliffs of colored lava, where some bore a type of \"hieroglyphic\" writing, possibly the most eastern trace of the Incas yet known (May 26, 1873) and exchanging presents with some of the Cashibos along the banks (May 30, 1873). This \"gift exchange\" turned into an armed altercation shortly thereafter. They arrived at the mouth of the Pichis River and began its exploration (June 4-6, 1873). ","A desertion by eight of their men was caused by fear of the Campas indigenous people, known as \"the most fierce of all the Indians of Peru\" according to Noland (June 7-11, 1873). They continued on further into the territory of the Campas and he related stories and information about them and the local flora and fauna in his journal (June 12-16, 1873).","10) While headed back towards the steamers, they ran across a larger than normal war party of Conibos about to attack the Cashibos (June 27, 1873) who would be either killed or enslaved by them, and then sold to the whites of Iquitos, Peru, although this was against the law. ","Noland mentioned the trafficking of shrunken heads made from captives taken in war by interior indigenous peoples, also against Peruvian law. The Conibo expedition was later  reported to be unsuccessful (October 28, 1873).","An account was attached after page 27, describing the story about the shrunken head of Tibi, the fearsome chief of the \"Antipas\" ethnic group, defeated by the indigenous group, the \"Aguaruna.\" ","11) On June 28, 1873, the group reached the steamers, still anchored within the mouth of the Pachitea, after being aboard the canoes for forty-one days. ","Following this entry, Noland began a long paragraph with his own observations about the indigenous people in the region they had been exploring. On July 1,1873, the Hydraulic Commission began traveling up the Ucayali River, stopping at Sara-Yacu on July 9, where he purchased a young \"tiger\" and employed the local umbrella, a palm thatch, during a severe thunderstorm. ","On August 24, 1873, they arrived back at Iquitos, where the boats were greeted by the entire village.  Noland then began a lengthy description of the inhabitants of Iquitos, Peru, and their customs. He also mentions meeting James Orton (1830-1877) author of \"Andes and Amazon.\"","12) On September 17, 1873, the group began the second series of explorations, beginning at the River Nanay. The local indigenous people were called the Iquitos (September 23, 1873).","Noland described the multi-ethnic composition of the crew of his launch, some of their more interesting meals, and the great number of butterflies they had seen on the Nanay River (September 26, 1873). ","Upon their arrival back in Iquitos, the entire crew was ill, probably due to malaria (October 1, 1873). On October 13-15, they conducted a short exploration of the River Itaya, which is important only because the river enters the Amazon at Iquitos, Peru.","In October, both the \"Tambo\" and the steamer \"Alceste\" arrived with provisions. Unfortunately, the \"Alceste\" also carried smallpox to Iquitos. Noland described the fear of smallpox by the indigenous people who were known to desert their villages until the disease departed (October 24, 1873). ","13) They began their exploration up the River Potro which emptied into the River Marañon (October 26, 1873).  Noland mentioned a story about the death of an indigenous man who was known as a good pilot for the upper waters during an attack by the \"Mouratos\" people (November 5-7, 1873). ","He described Borja as being situated at the head of the Marañon River in a rich gold region. The Spanish had garrisoned two hundred soldiers there to force the indigenous people to bring in gold. Upon the independence of Peru and the withdrawal of the soldiers, the local population destroyed the town, killed the inhabitants, and forced the governor to drink liquid gold according to local legend. Borja had never been successfully rebuilt. ","14) After about a month spent exploring the four tributaries of the Upper Marañon, they arrived back in Iquitos, Peru (December 7, 1873). Noland comments on the mixture of backgrounds and races of the persons in the villages of the Amazon, which include indigenous, \"Negro,\" Spanish and Portuguese.","He also refered to the prevalence of smallpox in the town and described the harmonious and beautiful music of the local indigenous people (December 13, 1873). Noland also recorded his disparaging thoughts on the results of \"the combination of races\" in Brazil and Peru (end of section for January 4, 1874).","15) Noland and Mr. Sparrow decided to leave Iquitos behind for the duration of the Carnival celebrations and avoid some of its excesses (February 20, 1874). On March 21, 1874, Sparrow and Noland sailed on the steamer \"Pastaza\" to finish the survey of the Marañon River and returned to Borja (March 22-April 5, 1874). He described the town of Iquitos as a kind of Peruvian Botany Bay for offending officers and Peru as weak country with a poor government (April 27, 1874).","16) The finances of Peru were in such bad shape that there was no money for the members of the Commission to be paid or to get home. They were forced to personally borrow money to settle their accounts in the office of the commissary. The steamer \"Morona\" arrived late and in a damaged condition. They left on the \"Morona\" still hoping to make the connection with the Brazilian boat in time to get home by October.  ","On the next day, the steamer \"Morona\" ran aground on a playa along the river. Although the Peruvian boat, the \"Pastaza\" came along shortly afterwards, the captain prevented them from boarding his boat and left them stranded in the falling river levels (August 22-September 23, 1874). ","17) Noland and the others remain stuck on the playa from September 23 until October 12, 1874, when they managed to get the \"Morona\" off the playa and back into the river. In this section of the journal, he made several disparaging remarks about the efficiency of the Peruvian navy and the \"Latin\" temperament. ","By October 20th, Noland's group arrived at the Brazilian frontier fort, \"Tabatinga\" which he described. He also continued to share his negative opinions about the mixture of races in South America, using an African American Padre as an example (October 23, 1874). ","After a six day stay in Manaos, Brazil, they left on the boat \"Marajo\" (October 26, 1874), and reached Obidos, Brazil, on October 28, the head of tide water on the Amazon and five hundred miles from the mouth of the river. Noland mentioned that there was an American colony there of former Confederates. ","18) Noland and Sparrow decide to take the schooner \"Charles E. Moody\" bound for New York and led by Captain Collamore, a New Englander with early Yankee ancestors who merit Noland's approval. ","He makes much of the crew being white and the captain a Yankee, as opposed to the crews and captains of most of the boats in Peru and Brazil (October 31-December 1, 1874). By November 29, 1874, the schooner was near Cape Henry, Virginia, and on December 1, 1874, the ship made it to a pier in New York City on the East River.","Consists of the framed original map and 4 copies of the map which was hand drawn by Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland. The map has a list of both rivers and places in the area covered. Three copies are on blueprint paper.","Reports include A \"Some Facts About the Peruvian Amazon,B \"Recapitulated and Condensed,\" and \"Something about Gold Fields, know to exist, but not now definitely located, in Rich Peru.\" Noland wrote these to interest investors and raise money to find and mine gold in the Peruvian Amazon region.","The two spear points were identified by the Peabody Museum, New Haven, Connecticut as a Red Brown Chert and a Red Brown Chert Tang."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1028","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1028.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120844","title_filing_ssi":"Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley, papers","title_ssm":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1872-2020","1872-1906, 1964, 2020"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1872-1906, 1964, 2020"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1872-2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS .16476","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1028"],"text":["MSS .16476","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1028","Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers","Peru","Ashaninca","Campa del Pichis","Cashibo indigenous group","Conibo indigenous group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel","Indigenous peoples -- Peru","Amazon River Region","Rivers--Peru","Gold","gold mines and mining","diaries","Fair to good","This collection is open for research use.","Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland (1846-1913) was born in Hanover County, Virginia, the son of Colonel Callender St. George Noland (1816-1875) and Mary Edmonia Berkeley (1823-1901). ","Noland was a student at the Virginia Military Institute, from 1863-1864 and 1867-1870, where he served as a private in Company C, participating in the Battle of New Market during the Civil War. ","He was employed both as a civil engineer and a farmer. Noland was employed as a civil engineer by the Peruvian Hydraulic Commission 1873-1874. Noland and Elizabeth M. Mayo (1850-1883) were married in 1883.","This material contains offensive or harmful language based on race and religion. Also present are a few descriptions of violence against Black, Indigenous, and people of color.","The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid. ","This collection documents Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland's time in Peru, and contains his journal, a typed transcript of the journal by Mary Noland Young, photographs (chiefly albumen prints) of items, places, and peoples in the Amazon, correspondence (including drafts and translations), and legal documents. ","Also present are oversize blueprint maps of the Peruvian Amazon region drawn by Noland, a \"Map of a Section of South America - Peru, a Vertical Cross Section of the Continent about the 2nd Degree South Latitude,\" and two spear points. ","Noland's journal records his travels on the Peruvian tributaries of the Amazon from 1873 to 1874. The journal documents his work, describing his travels, the geography, flora and fauna of the area, and his observations and interactions with the various indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon. It includes hand drawn illustrations.","The contract was between Noland, Civil Engineer, and J.R. Tucker, President of the Amazon Hydrographic Commission of Peru (April 10, 1872). Also present is a letter of thanks for services rendered to the steam launch \"Mayro\" during the voyage to Iquitos, Peru (August 11, 1873), and a final letter of thanks from the Peruvian government for the successful completion of the mission (December 4, 1874). ","There is a letter from Senator Thomas S. Martin describing his efforts through the State Department to secure payment from the Peruvian government for the \"claim of the Hydrographic Commission of the Amazon\" (March 12, 1896)."," A packet of typed letters translated and bound together with the notation \"C\" on the back include the following correspondents and topics: \n \nManuel Santillan wrote Alexander W. Thornely about the opportunities for mining the riches of the area of the Marañon River region of Peru, including gold dust, rubber trees, and chocolate (February 6, 1899)."," Abraham Madina wrote to Manuel Santillan about the danger from indigenous peoples in the region creating difficulties in harvesting all the riches of the area but also emphasizing the richness and health of the region (February 4, 1899). \n \nMaximiliano Kabsch to Otoniel Melena, describes the situation along the River Napo, mentioning both \"civilized\" indigenous peoples accustomed to working with foreigners and other indigenous peoples, not used to working with foreigners but who were peaceful. He also mentioned the requirements for successful navigation of the river and other financial opportunities in nearby Ecuador (February 1, 1899).","Otoniel Melena to Alexander W. Thornely, described an expedition to the upper Marañon River region, the source of much gold, but  also containing rapids and a large whirlpool. The whirlpool resulted in loss of life to San Ramon and several indigenous laborers on the expedition, when he disregarded their advice to avoid it. ","During another expedition in 1890 led by an American, Mr. Walf, and a German naturalist, above the Pongo de Mainique (a water gap or canyon) of the Urubamba River, a group was visited by members of the \"Nautipus\" people who invited them to stay in their village for a few days (February 4, 1899). They brought twelve of the indigenous people with them back to San Antonio, Peru, including a chief named Wamba.","Melena also shared what he has heard about the headwaters of the River Napo and its prospects for mining. He suggests that Noland come to Peru accompanied by a naturalist and mining expert by way of Colón, Panama, then Guayaquil, Ecuador, to Quito, Ecuador. Once in Quito, he should visit Dr. Mestanza and get additional information about the voyage down the Napo River to Iquitos, Peru, Borja, Peru, and the upper Marañon region. (February 4, 1899).","Also present at the back of the group letters is a copy of an undated account of one of the expeditions in search of the historical gold mines of Morillo or Cerro Angaisa by Jose del Carmen Vasquez. This expedition began on August 1, 1882, when he left Moyobamba for the upper Amazon, taking with him fourteen well-armed men. He secured the services of several villagers from Aripari and interpreters for the languages of the \"wild tribes.\" ","He described their first encounter with the \"Chunchos\" indigenous people, a Peruvian Spanish word for the Asháninka people, who occupy the upper region of the Potro River. He sent interpreters to the tribe to ask them to supply canoes for the journey. ","They traveled in the canoes to the Asháninka village where they prepared food for the trip, chiefly sweet potatoes, and he insisted the Moyobambinos with him make clothing for the tribe as they typically wore no clothing. Vasquez and his group stayed with the Asháninka people for eleven days. ","He mentioned one of the Asháninka by name, Huapi, who indicated that gold could be found in a distant canyon, but no one else in the expedition was willing to continue at that time. Vasquez and his men had been traveling for seventy-nine days on this first expedition. He briefly described three additional trips which provided more information about the area, but no gold.","Translations of two letters (4 copies):","Manuel Santillan to Mr. A.W. Thornely, April 16, 1899, reporting that the port of Iquitos had recently seen its first American Man of War, the gunboat \"Wilmington,\" believed to be in the area to investigate the reports of the wealth of the products of the upper Amazon. He also mentioned Mr. Bruner and a company of Americans exploring the placer mines of the River Napo.","Colonel Fisher, former American representative to Chile, on behalf of Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland, to Don Alvares Calderon, Minister Plenipotentiary of Peru, August 1900, wrote concerning the possibility of opening up the mining district of the upper Amazon by a Special Concession to a company in the United States associated with Noland for hydraulic mining of gold to make it easier to raise capital for the venture.","Also in this folder is a draft undated memorandum of agreement between Carl H. Nolting, Louisa County, Virginia, and Noland, and a letter from J.F. Spofford to Noland about the rates of passage to Peru, October 9, 1900.","Contains a print copy in Spanish and hand-written English translation of the transfer of an agreement of The Inca Gold Development Corporation of Peru, Limited, with the government of Peru for the right to dredge the Inambari River, Province of Carabaya, April 29, 1904. ","Other correspondents writing about the project or furnishing letters of introduction March 22-23, 1906) include A.J. Montague, E.B. Thomason, Nelson B. Noland, Irving B. Dudley, Z.A. Loredo. The folder also contained a letter from Mary Bleecker Miller Noland (1889-1985) to the National Geographic Society offering Noland's papers as a gift, June 20, 1964. ","The journal kept by Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland describes his travels and adventures as a member of the Hydraulic Commission of Peru in the upper Amazon region while making accurate navigational charts for the tributaries of the Amazon.  The Commission began their mission by leaving Iquitos, Peru, with two boats, the launch \"Mairo\" and the steamer, the \"Tambo, with Noland being aboard the \"Mairo\" as the civil engineer.","The handwritten journal also contains some drawings, photographs, and news clippings. Apparently some photographs had been removed by Noland, possibly by relatives or for use as illustrations for some articles he wrote for \"Appleton's Journal\" in 1875. ","The \"Mairo\" first explored the River Nanay from September 17, 1873 until its return to Iquitos, Peru, on October 3, 1873. On October 27, 1873, still aboard the \"Mairo,\" Noland and his group left Iquitos to explore the Morona, Potro, Pastaza and Tigre rivers. They returned on December 4, 1873, to Iquitos from those explorations. ","2) Noland described an indigenous settlement at Courahualie, where the people, with heavily painted faces, came to see them off the next day, speaking the Incan language and with the girls carrying monkeys upon their heads (February 23-24, 1873). ","Later he described a canoe which was made from a single tree and propelled by ten indigenous men on the Ucayali River. The \"Mairo\" passed it but later heard the same group of indigenous men during the night coming into Puca-Cura, playing music and singing \"a wild kind of melody, as they paddled, very sweet\" (March 6, 1873). ","The next morning, they saw one of the men, tattooed on his face and hands, being lashed by a man named Martinez (?) who owned the farmhouse, land, and the canoe (March 7, 1873). ","3) Anchored at Sara-Yuca, they saw several aboriginal canoes who came along side and offered them masato to drink. One of the individuals, with a \"musical instrument made of pieces of reed of different sizes and lengths,\" played the same song Noland had heard earlier down the river (March 9, 1873) in \"the Incan tongue.\" ","He also described the Old Church and other buildings constructed by the Jesuits who founded it two hundred years ago (March 10, 1873). ","He saw other indigenous people at the Bepuano chacara who he said were \"the wildest I have seen and have their war clubs, bows and arrows arranged in their houses ready for use\" (March 11, 1873).","4) Noland met a boy who had been captured by the Conibo ethnic group from the Cashibo ethnic group. The Cashibos along the River Pachitea were rumored to be cannibals (March 14, 1873). ","He also met an older monk, at the Cashaboya station of the Order of St. Francis, trying to arrange three indigenous languages into some kind of form and prepare a dictionary for the Incan language (March 16, 1873). ","They purchased plantains, ground peas and a monkey from some of the indigenous people as they left their anchor site about fifty miles from Calleria. When they anchored for the night at a Conibo settlement two miles from the mouth of the Pachitea River, they also purchased some wild hogs (wangana) and more plantains (March 25-26, 1873). ","Noland wrote about being on the border of cannibal country and recounts the story of two Peruvian officers who were killed and eaten about twelve miles above them some time ago (March 26, 1873). ","5) Noland described the Commission's arrangement with \"Old Clemente\" who had his warriors cut wood with axes for use as fuel in the \"Tambo\" and deliver it in the indigenous canoes. ","This production of wood was interrupted when the warriors went on a war expedition against the Cashibos \"to steal their women and children.\" Noland also described their beliefs about burning the house of any member of the group who dies, cut up his canoe, kill his enslaved persons and destroy all their belongings out of fear of being bewitched. ","On page 10, he has also drawn a picture of the Conibo knife carried by each man.  (March 31-April 2, 1873).","6) Noland furnished additional information about the indigenous warriors, their preparations, an aside about the production of \"masato de yuca\" by the older indigenous women, and the failure of the mission of the warriors due to thesuperior numbers of the Cashibos (April 3 and 8, 1873). He described one of the Conibo houses and how it was arranged (May 1, 1873). ","Noland also wrote of being lost deep in the forest on the border between the Conibos and the Cashibos while hunting with a guide and how difficult it was to get back to the river (May 10, 1873).  Noland's entry for May 12th says that the chief of the local indigenous group predicted the \"Tambo\" was coming up the river and would arrive soon because of the waterfowl which was disturbed by the steamer's advance and flew in advance of it on the upper Ucayali River.","7) On May 14, 1873, the \"Tambo\" had finally arrived to join Noland's group (on the advance launch \"Mairo\") near the mouth of the Pachitea River, apparently full of animal and bird species both alive and mounted as specimens. ","The arrival of the \"Tambo\" was so late in the season that it was unsafe for either vessel to proceed up the Pachitea River to do the survey, so the Hydraulic Commission purchased six canoes from the Conibo indigenous group to carry the members of the commission and their provisions for five to six weeks up the Pachitea River, two to three hundred miles.","Noland went on to describe the Conibo canoes, their dimensions, stability, construction, arrangement of the indigenous crew in the canoe, and the distribution of the Commission members and soldiers among the crafts (May 15-19, 1873). ","Some indigenous Cashibos, who had been captured and enslaved by Pedro, the brother of Clemente (both being members of the Conibo group) also joined the expedition (May 20-21, 1873). ","8) Noland also described the Conibos' fear of being in the territory of their neighbors, the Cashibos, reported to be cannibals and related a story involving a Peruvian gunboat who landed on a small island (Chouta Isla) and whose captain and 2nd commander were killed by the Cashibos. Both were reported as eaten by the group of Cashibos (May 21, 1873). He described an attack by the Cashibos upon the pilot canoe, during the daylight hours (May 24, 1873).","9) He described the canoes passing under cliffs of colored lava, where some bore a type of \"hieroglyphic\" writing, possibly the most eastern trace of the Incas yet known (May 26, 1873) and exchanging presents with some of the Cashibos along the banks (May 30, 1873). This \"gift exchange\" turned into an armed altercation shortly thereafter. They arrived at the mouth of the Pichis River and began its exploration (June 4-6, 1873). ","A desertion by eight of their men was caused by fear of the Campas indigenous people, known as \"the most fierce of all the Indians of Peru\" according to Noland (June 7-11, 1873). They continued on further into the territory of the Campas and he related stories and information about them and the local flora and fauna in his journal (June 12-16, 1873).","10) While headed back towards the steamers, they ran across a larger than normal war party of Conibos about to attack the Cashibos (June 27, 1873) who would be either killed or enslaved by them, and then sold to the whites of Iquitos, Peru, although this was against the law. ","Noland mentioned the trafficking of shrunken heads made from captives taken in war by interior indigenous peoples, also against Peruvian law. The Conibo expedition was later  reported to be unsuccessful (October 28, 1873).","An account was attached after page 27, describing the story about the shrunken head of Tibi, the fearsome chief of the \"Antipas\" ethnic group, defeated by the indigenous group, the \"Aguaruna.\" ","11) On June 28, 1873, the group reached the steamers, still anchored within the mouth of the Pachitea, after being aboard the canoes for forty-one days. ","Following this entry, Noland began a long paragraph with his own observations about the indigenous people in the region they had been exploring. On July 1,1873, the Hydraulic Commission began traveling up the Ucayali River, stopping at Sara-Yacu on July 9, where he purchased a young \"tiger\" and employed the local umbrella, a palm thatch, during a severe thunderstorm. ","On August 24, 1873, they arrived back at Iquitos, where the boats were greeted by the entire village.  Noland then began a lengthy description of the inhabitants of Iquitos, Peru, and their customs. He also mentions meeting James Orton (1830-1877) author of \"Andes and Amazon.\"","12) On September 17, 1873, the group began the second series of explorations, beginning at the River Nanay. The local indigenous people were called the Iquitos (September 23, 1873).","Noland described the multi-ethnic composition of the crew of his launch, some of their more interesting meals, and the great number of butterflies they had seen on the Nanay River (September 26, 1873). ","Upon their arrival back in Iquitos, the entire crew was ill, probably due to malaria (October 1, 1873). On October 13-15, they conducted a short exploration of the River Itaya, which is important only because the river enters the Amazon at Iquitos, Peru.","In October, both the \"Tambo\" and the steamer \"Alceste\" arrived with provisions. Unfortunately, the \"Alceste\" also carried smallpox to Iquitos. Noland described the fear of smallpox by the indigenous people who were known to desert their villages until the disease departed (October 24, 1873). ","13) They began their exploration up the River Potro which emptied into the River Marañon (October 26, 1873).  Noland mentioned a story about the death of an indigenous man who was known as a good pilot for the upper waters during an attack by the \"Mouratos\" people (November 5-7, 1873). ","He described Borja as being situated at the head of the Marañon River in a rich gold region. The Spanish had garrisoned two hundred soldiers there to force the indigenous people to bring in gold. Upon the independence of Peru and the withdrawal of the soldiers, the local population destroyed the town, killed the inhabitants, and forced the governor to drink liquid gold according to local legend. Borja had never been successfully rebuilt. ","14) After about a month spent exploring the four tributaries of the Upper Marañon, they arrived back in Iquitos, Peru (December 7, 1873). Noland comments on the mixture of backgrounds and races of the persons in the villages of the Amazon, which include indigenous, \"Negro,\" Spanish and Portuguese.","He also refered to the prevalence of smallpox in the town and described the harmonious and beautiful music of the local indigenous people (December 13, 1873). Noland also recorded his disparaging thoughts on the results of \"the combination of races\" in Brazil and Peru (end of section for January 4, 1874).","15) Noland and Mr. Sparrow decided to leave Iquitos behind for the duration of the Carnival celebrations and avoid some of its excesses (February 20, 1874). On March 21, 1874, Sparrow and Noland sailed on the steamer \"Pastaza\" to finish the survey of the Marañon River and returned to Borja (March 22-April 5, 1874). He described the town of Iquitos as a kind of Peruvian Botany Bay for offending officers and Peru as weak country with a poor government (April 27, 1874).","16) The finances of Peru were in such bad shape that there was no money for the members of the Commission to be paid or to get home. They were forced to personally borrow money to settle their accounts in the office of the commissary. The steamer \"Morona\" arrived late and in a damaged condition. They left on the \"Morona\" still hoping to make the connection with the Brazilian boat in time to get home by October.  ","On the next day, the steamer \"Morona\" ran aground on a playa along the river. Although the Peruvian boat, the \"Pastaza\" came along shortly afterwards, the captain prevented them from boarding his boat and left them stranded in the falling river levels (August 22-September 23, 1874). ","17) Noland and the others remain stuck on the playa from September 23 until October 12, 1874, when they managed to get the \"Morona\" off the playa and back into the river. In this section of the journal, he made several disparaging remarks about the efficiency of the Peruvian navy and the \"Latin\" temperament. ","By October 20th, Noland's group arrived at the Brazilian frontier fort, \"Tabatinga\" which he described. He also continued to share his negative opinions about the mixture of races in South America, using an African American Padre as an example (October 23, 1874). ","After a six day stay in Manaos, Brazil, they left on the boat \"Marajo\" (October 26, 1874), and reached Obidos, Brazil, on October 28, the head of tide water on the Amazon and five hundred miles from the mouth of the river. Noland mentioned that there was an American colony there of former Confederates. ","18) Noland and Sparrow decide to take the schooner \"Charles E. Moody\" bound for New York and led by Captain Collamore, a New Englander with early Yankee ancestors who merit Noland's approval. ","He makes much of the crew being white and the captain a Yankee, as opposed to the crews and captains of most of the boats in Peru and Brazil (October 31-December 1, 1874). By November 29, 1874, the schooner was near Cape Henry, Virginia, and on December 1, 1874, the ship made it to a pier in New York City on the East River.","Consists of the framed original map and 4 copies of the map which was hand drawn by Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland. The map has a list of both rivers and places in the area covered. Three copies are on blueprint paper.","Reports include A \"Some Facts About the Peruvian Amazon,B \"Recapitulated and Condensed,\" and \"Something about Gold Fields, know to exist, but not now definitely located, in Rich Peru.\" Noland wrote these to interest investors and raise money to find and mine gold in the Peruvian Amazon region.","The two spear points were identified by the Peabody Museum, New Haven, Connecticut as a Red Brown Chert and a Red Brown Chert Tang.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS .16476","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1028"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Peru","Ashaninca","Campa del Pichis","Cashibo indigenous group","Conibo indigenous group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel"],"geogname_ssim":["Peru","Ashaninca","Campa del Pichis","Cashibo indigenous group","Conibo indigenous group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel"],"creator_ssm":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"creator_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"creators_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"places_ssim":["Peru","Ashaninca","Campa del Pichis","Cashibo indigenous group","Conibo indigenous group","Aguaruna indigenous group","racism -- 1870-1880","South American Description and Travel"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library on November 12, 2021, by Mary Noland Young and Lucy Burwell Young."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Indigenous peoples -- Peru","Amazon River Region","Rivers--Peru","Gold","gold mines and mining","diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Indigenous peoples -- Peru","Amazon River Region","Rivers--Peru","Gold","gold mines and mining","diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good"],"extent_ssm":[".75  Cubic Feet 1 legal document box, 1 small artifact box, and one flat file folder (2 x 3 feet)"],"extent_tesim":[".75  Cubic Feet 1 legal document box, 1 small artifact box, and one flat file folder (2 x 3 feet)"],"genreform_ssim":["diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Nelson Berkeley Noland (1846-1913) was born in Hanover County, Virginia, the son of Colonel Callender St. George Noland (1816-1875) and Mary Edmonia Berkeley (1823-1901). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNoland was a student at the Virginia Military Institute, from 1863-1864 and 1867-1870, where he served as a private in Company C, participating in the Battle of New Market during the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe was employed both as a civil engineer and a farmer. Noland was employed as a civil engineer by the Peruvian Hydraulic Commission 1873-1874. Noland and Elizabeth M. Mayo (1850-1883) were married in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland (1846-1913) was born in Hanover County, Virginia, the son of Colonel Callender St. George Noland (1816-1875) and Mary Edmonia Berkeley (1823-1901). ","Noland was a student at the Virginia Military Institute, from 1863-1864 and 1867-1870, where he served as a private in Company C, participating in the Battle of New Market during the Civil War. ","He was employed both as a civil engineer and a farmer. Noland was employed as a civil engineer by the Peruvian Hydraulic Commission 1873-1874. Noland and Elizabeth M. Mayo (1850-1883) were married in 1883."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains offensive or harmful language based on race and religion. Also present are a few descriptions of violence against Black, Indigenous, and people of color.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid. \u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains offensive or harmful language based on race and religion. Also present are a few descriptions of violence against Black, Indigenous, and people of color.","The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, MSS 16476, 1872-1806, 1964, 2020, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland papers, MSS 16476, 1872-1806, 1964, 2020, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland's time in Peru, and contains his journal, a typed transcript of the journal by Mary Noland Young, photographs (chiefly albumen prints) of items, places, and peoples in the Amazon, correspondence (including drafts and translations), and legal documents. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso present are oversize blueprint maps of the Peruvian Amazon region drawn by Noland, a \"Map of a Section of South America - Peru, a Vertical Cross Section of the Continent about the 2nd Degree South Latitude,\" and two spear points. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNoland's journal records his travels on the Peruvian tributaries of the Amazon from 1873 to 1874. The journal documents his work, describing his travels, the geography, flora and fauna of the area, and his observations and interactions with the various indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon. It includes hand drawn illustrations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe contract was between Noland, Civil Engineer, and J.R. Tucker, President of the Amazon Hydrographic Commission of Peru (April 10, 1872). Also present is a letter of thanks for services rendered to the steam launch \"Mayro\" during the voyage to Iquitos, Peru (August 11, 1873), and a final letter of thanks from the Peruvian government for the successful completion of the mission (December 4, 1874). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is a letter from Senator Thomas S. Martin describing his efforts through the State Department to secure payment from the Peruvian government for the \"claim of the Hydrographic Commission of the Amazon\" (March 12, 1896).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A packet of typed letters translated and bound together with the notation \"C\" on the back include the following correspondents and topics: \n \nManuel Santillan wrote Alexander W. Thornely about the opportunities for mining the riches of the area of the Marañon River region of Peru, including gold dust, rubber trees, and chocolate (February 6, 1899).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Abraham Madina wrote to Manuel Santillan about the danger from indigenous peoples in the region creating difficulties in harvesting all the riches of the area but also emphasizing the richness and health of the region (February 4, 1899). \n \nMaximiliano Kabsch to Otoniel Melena, describes the situation along the River Napo, mentioning both \"civilized\" indigenous peoples accustomed to working with foreigners and other indigenous peoples, not used to working with foreigners but who were peaceful. He also mentioned the requirements for successful navigation of the river and other financial opportunities in nearby Ecuador (February 1, 1899).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOtoniel Melena to Alexander W. Thornely, described an expedition to the upper Marañon River region, the source of much gold, but  also containing rapids and a large whirlpool. The whirlpool resulted in loss of life to San Ramon and several indigenous laborers on the expedition, when he disregarded their advice to avoid it. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring another expedition in 1890 led by an American, Mr. Walf, and a German naturalist, above the Pongo de Mainique (a water gap or canyon) of the Urubamba River, a group was visited by members of the \"Nautipus\" people who invited them to stay in their village for a few days (February 4, 1899). They brought twelve of the indigenous people with them back to San Antonio, Peru, including a chief named Wamba.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMelena also shared what he has heard about the headwaters of the River Napo and its prospects for mining. He suggests that Noland come to Peru accompanied by a naturalist and mining expert by way of Colón, Panama, then Guayaquil, Ecuador, to Quito, Ecuador. Once in Quito, he should visit Dr. Mestanza and get additional information about the voyage down the Napo River to Iquitos, Peru, Borja, Peru, and the upper Marañon region. (February 4, 1899).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso present at the back of the group letters is a copy of an undated account of one of the expeditions in search of the historical gold mines of Morillo or Cerro Angaisa by Jose del Carmen Vasquez. This expedition began on August 1, 1882, when he left Moyobamba for the upper Amazon, taking with him fourteen well-armed men. He secured the services of several villagers from Aripari and interpreters for the languages of the \"wild tribes.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe described their first encounter with the \"Chunchos\" indigenous people, a Peruvian Spanish word for the Asháninka people, who occupy the upper region of the Potro River. He sent interpreters to the tribe to ask them to supply canoes for the journey. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey traveled in the canoes to the Asháninka village where they prepared food for the trip, chiefly sweet potatoes, and he insisted the Moyobambinos with him make clothing for the tribe as they typically wore no clothing. Vasquez and his group stayed with the Asháninka people for eleven days. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe mentioned one of the Asháninka by name, Huapi, who indicated that gold could be found in a distant canyon, but no one else in the expedition was willing to continue at that time. Vasquez and his men had been traveling for seventy-nine days on this first expedition. He briefly described three additional trips which provided more information about the area, but no gold.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTranslations of two letters (4 copies):\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eManuel Santillan to Mr. A.W. Thornely, April 16, 1899, reporting that the port of Iquitos had recently seen its first American Man of War, the gunboat \"Wilmington,\" believed to be in the area to investigate the reports of the wealth of the products of the upper Amazon. He also mentioned Mr. Bruner and a company of Americans exploring the placer mines of the River Napo.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eColonel Fisher, former American representative to Chile, on behalf of Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland, to Don Alvares Calderon, Minister Plenipotentiary of Peru, August 1900, wrote concerning the possibility of opening up the mining district of the upper Amazon by a Special Concession to a company in the United States associated with Noland for hydraulic mining of gold to make it easier to raise capital for the venture.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso in this folder is a draft undated memorandum of agreement between Carl H. Nolting, Louisa County, Virginia, and Noland, and a letter from J.F. Spofford to Noland about the rates of passage to Peru, October 9, 1900.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a print copy in Spanish and hand-written English translation of the transfer of an agreement of The Inca Gold Development Corporation of Peru, Limited, with the government of Peru for the right to dredge the Inambari River, Province of Carabaya, April 29, 1904. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther correspondents writing about the project or furnishing letters of introduction March 22-23, 1906) include A.J. Montague, E.B. Thomason, Nelson B. Noland, Irving B. Dudley, Z.A. Loredo. The folder also contained a letter from Mary Bleecker Miller Noland (1889-1985) to the National Geographic Society offering Noland's papers as a gift, June 20, 1964. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe journal kept by Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland describes his travels and adventures as a member of the Hydraulic Commission of Peru in the upper Amazon region while making accurate navigational charts for the tributaries of the Amazon.  The Commission began their mission by leaving Iquitos, Peru, with two boats, the launch \"Mairo\" and the steamer, the \"Tambo, with Noland being aboard the \"Mairo\" as the civil engineer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe handwritten journal also contains some drawings, photographs, and news clippings. Apparently some photographs had been removed by Noland, possibly by relatives or for use as illustrations for some articles he wrote for \"Appleton's Journal\" in 1875. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Mairo\" first explored the River Nanay from September 17, 1873 until its return to Iquitos, Peru, on October 3, 1873. On October 27, 1873, still aboard the \"Mairo,\" Noland and his group left Iquitos to explore the Morona, Potro, Pastaza and Tigre rivers. They returned on December 4, 1873, to Iquitos from those explorations. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2) Noland described an indigenous settlement at Courahualie, where the people, with heavily painted faces, came to see them off the next day, speaking the Incan language and with the girls carrying monkeys upon their heads (February 23-24, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLater he described a canoe which was made from a single tree and propelled by ten indigenous men on the Ucayali River. The \"Mairo\" passed it but later heard the same group of indigenous men during the night coming into Puca-Cura, playing music and singing \"a wild kind of melody, as they paddled, very sweet\" (March 6, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe next morning, they saw one of the men, tattooed on his face and hands, being lashed by a man named Martinez (?) who owned the farmhouse, land, and the canoe (March 7, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3) Anchored at Sara-Yuca, they saw several aboriginal canoes who came along side and offered them masato to drink. One of the individuals, with a \"musical instrument made of pieces of reed of different sizes and lengths,\" played the same song Noland had heard earlier down the river (March 9, 1873) in \"the Incan tongue.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe also described the Old Church and other buildings constructed by the Jesuits who founded it two hundred years ago (March 10, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe saw other indigenous people at the Bepuano chacara who he said were \"the wildest I have seen and have their war clubs, bows and arrows arranged in their houses ready for use\" (March 11, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4) Noland met a boy who had been captured by the Conibo ethnic group from the Cashibo ethnic group. The Cashibos along the River Pachitea were rumored to be cannibals (March 14, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe also met an older monk, at the Cashaboya station of the Order of St. Francis, trying to arrange three indigenous languages into some kind of form and prepare a dictionary for the Incan language (March 16, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey purchased plantains, ground peas and a monkey from some of the indigenous people as they left their anchor site about fifty miles from Calleria. When they anchored for the night at a Conibo settlement two miles from the mouth of the Pachitea River, they also purchased some wild hogs (wangana) and more plantains (March 25-26, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNoland wrote about being on the border of cannibal country and recounts the story of two Peruvian officers who were killed and eaten about twelve miles above them some time ago (March 26, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5) Noland described the Commission's arrangement with \"Old Clemente\" who had his warriors cut wood with axes for use as fuel in the \"Tambo\" and deliver it in the indigenous canoes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis production of wood was interrupted when the warriors went on a war expedition against the Cashibos \"to steal their women and children.\" Noland also described their beliefs about burning the house of any member of the group who dies, cut up his canoe, kill his enslaved persons and destroy all their belongings out of fear of being bewitched. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn page 10, he has also drawn a picture of the Conibo knife carried by each man.  (March 31-April 2, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e6) Noland furnished additional information about the indigenous warriors, their preparations, an aside about the production of \"masato de yuca\" by the older indigenous women, and the failure of the mission of the warriors due to thesuperior numbers of the Cashibos (April 3 and 8, 1873). He described one of the Conibo houses and how it was arranged (May 1, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNoland also wrote of being lost deep in the forest on the border between the Conibos and the Cashibos while hunting with a guide and how difficult it was to get back to the river (May 10, 1873).  Noland's entry for May 12th says that the chief of the local indigenous group predicted the \"Tambo\" was coming up the river and would arrive soon because of the waterfowl which was disturbed by the steamer's advance and flew in advance of it on the upper Ucayali River.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e7) On May 14, 1873, the \"Tambo\" had finally arrived to join Noland's group (on the advance launch \"Mairo\") near the mouth of the Pachitea River, apparently full of animal and bird species both alive and mounted as specimens. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe arrival of the \"Tambo\" was so late in the season that it was unsafe for either vessel to proceed up the Pachitea River to do the survey, so the Hydraulic Commission purchased six canoes from the Conibo indigenous group to carry the members of the commission and their provisions for five to six weeks up the Pachitea River, two to three hundred miles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNoland went on to describe the Conibo canoes, their dimensions, stability, construction, arrangement of the indigenous crew in the canoe, and the distribution of the Commission members and soldiers among the crafts (May 15-19, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome indigenous Cashibos, who had been captured and enslaved by Pedro, the brother of Clemente (both being members of the Conibo group) also joined the expedition (May 20-21, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e8) Noland also described the Conibos' fear of being in the territory of their neighbors, the Cashibos, reported to be cannibals and related a story involving a Peruvian gunboat who landed on a small island (Chouta Isla) and whose captain and 2nd commander were killed by the Cashibos. Both were reported as eaten by the group of Cashibos (May 21, 1873). He described an attack by the Cashibos upon the pilot canoe, during the daylight hours (May 24, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e9) He described the canoes passing under cliffs of colored lava, where some bore a type of \"hieroglyphic\" writing, possibly the most eastern trace of the Incas yet known (May 26, 1873) and exchanging presents with some of the Cashibos along the banks (May 30, 1873). This \"gift exchange\" turned into an armed altercation shortly thereafter. They arrived at the mouth of the Pichis River and began its exploration (June 4-6, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA desertion by eight of their men was caused by fear of the Campas indigenous people, known as \"the most fierce of all the Indians of Peru\" according to Noland (June 7-11, 1873). They continued on further into the territory of the Campas and he related stories and information about them and the local flora and fauna in his journal (June 12-16, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e10) While headed back towards the steamers, they ran across a larger than normal war party of Conibos about to attack the Cashibos (June 27, 1873) who would be either killed or enslaved by them, and then sold to the whites of Iquitos, Peru, although this was against the law. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNoland mentioned the trafficking of shrunken heads made from captives taken in war by interior indigenous peoples, also against Peruvian law. The Conibo expedition was later  reported to be unsuccessful (October 28, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn account was attached after page 27, describing the story about the shrunken head of Tibi, the fearsome chief of the \"Antipas\" ethnic group, defeated by the indigenous group, the \"Aguaruna.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e11) On June 28, 1873, the group reached the steamers, still anchored within the mouth of the Pachitea, after being aboard the canoes for forty-one days. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFollowing this entry, Noland began a long paragraph with his own observations about the indigenous people in the region they had been exploring. On July 1,1873, the Hydraulic Commission began traveling up the Ucayali River, stopping at Sara-Yacu on July 9, where he purchased a young \"tiger\" and employed the local umbrella, a palm thatch, during a severe thunderstorm. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn August 24, 1873, they arrived back at Iquitos, where the boats were greeted by the entire village.  Noland then began a lengthy description of the inhabitants of Iquitos, Peru, and their customs. He also mentions meeting James Orton (1830-1877) author of \"Andes and Amazon.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e12) On September 17, 1873, the group began the second series of explorations, beginning at the River Nanay. The local indigenous people were called the Iquitos (September 23, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNoland described the multi-ethnic composition of the crew of his launch, some of their more interesting meals, and the great number of butterflies they had seen on the Nanay River (September 26, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUpon their arrival back in Iquitos, the entire crew was ill, probably due to malaria (October 1, 1873). On October 13-15, they conducted a short exploration of the River Itaya, which is important only because the river enters the Amazon at Iquitos, Peru.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn October, both the \"Tambo\" and the steamer \"Alceste\" arrived with provisions. Unfortunately, the \"Alceste\" also carried smallpox to Iquitos. Noland described the fear of smallpox by the indigenous people who were known to desert their villages until the disease departed (October 24, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e13) They began their exploration up the River Potro which emptied into the River Marañon (October 26, 1873).  Noland mentioned a story about the death of an indigenous man who was known as a good pilot for the upper waters during an attack by the \"Mouratos\" people (November 5-7, 1873). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe described Borja as being situated at the head of the Marañon River in a rich gold region. The Spanish had garrisoned two hundred soldiers there to force the indigenous people to bring in gold. Upon the independence of Peru and the withdrawal of the soldiers, the local population destroyed the town, killed the inhabitants, and forced the governor to drink liquid gold according to local legend. Borja had never been successfully rebuilt. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e14) After about a month spent exploring the four tributaries of the Upper Marañon, they arrived back in Iquitos, Peru (December 7, 1873). Noland comments on the mixture of backgrounds and races of the persons in the villages of the Amazon, which include indigenous, \"Negro,\" Spanish and Portuguese.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe also refered to the prevalence of smallpox in the town and described the harmonious and beautiful music of the local indigenous people (December 13, 1873). Noland also recorded his disparaging thoughts on the results of \"the combination of races\" in Brazil and Peru (end of section for January 4, 1874).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e15) Noland and Mr. Sparrow decided to leave Iquitos behind for the duration of the Carnival celebrations and avoid some of its excesses (February 20, 1874). On March 21, 1874, Sparrow and Noland sailed on the steamer \"Pastaza\" to finish the survey of the Marañon River and returned to Borja (March 22-April 5, 1874). He described the town of Iquitos as a kind of Peruvian Botany Bay for offending officers and Peru as weak country with a poor government (April 27, 1874).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e16) The finances of Peru were in such bad shape that there was no money for the members of the Commission to be paid or to get home. They were forced to personally borrow money to settle their accounts in the office of the commissary. The steamer \"Morona\" arrived late and in a damaged condition. They left on the \"Morona\" still hoping to make the connection with the Brazilian boat in time to get home by October.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn the next day, the steamer \"Morona\" ran aground on a playa along the river. Although the Peruvian boat, the \"Pastaza\" came along shortly afterwards, the captain prevented them from boarding his boat and left them stranded in the falling river levels (August 22-September 23, 1874). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e17) Noland and the others remain stuck on the playa from September 23 until October 12, 1874, when they managed to get the \"Morona\" off the playa and back into the river. In this section of the journal, he made several disparaging remarks about the efficiency of the Peruvian navy and the \"Latin\" temperament. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy October 20th, Noland's group arrived at the Brazilian frontier fort, \"Tabatinga\" which he described. He also continued to share his negative opinions about the mixture of races in South America, using an African American Padre as an example (October 23, 1874). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter a six day stay in Manaos, Brazil, they left on the boat \"Marajo\" (October 26, 1874), and reached Obidos, Brazil, on October 28, the head of tide water on the Amazon and five hundred miles from the mouth of the river. Noland mentioned that there was an American colony there of former Confederates. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e18) Noland and Sparrow decide to take the schooner \"Charles E. Moody\" bound for New York and led by Captain Collamore, a New Englander with early Yankee ancestors who merit Noland's approval. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe makes much of the crew being white and the captain a Yankee, as opposed to the crews and captains of most of the boats in Peru and Brazil (October 31-December 1, 1874). By November 29, 1874, the schooner was near Cape Henry, Virginia, and on December 1, 1874, the ship made it to a pier in New York City on the East River.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of the framed original map and 4 copies of the map which was hand drawn by Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland. The map has a list of both rivers and places in the area covered. Three copies are on blueprint paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports include A \"Some Facts About the Peruvian Amazon,B \"Recapitulated and Condensed,\" and \"Something about Gold Fields, know to exist, but not now definitely located, in Rich Peru.\" Noland wrote these to interest investors and raise money to find and mine gold in the Peruvian Amazon region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe two spear points were identified by the Peabody Museum, New Haven, Connecticut as a Red Brown Chert and a Red Brown Chert Tang.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Journal","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland's time in Peru, and contains his journal, a typed transcript of the journal by Mary Noland Young, photographs (chiefly albumen prints) of items, places, and peoples in the Amazon, correspondence (including drafts and translations), and legal documents. ","Also present are oversize blueprint maps of the Peruvian Amazon region drawn by Noland, a \"Map of a Section of South America - Peru, a Vertical Cross Section of the Continent about the 2nd Degree South Latitude,\" and two spear points. ","Noland's journal records his travels on the Peruvian tributaries of the Amazon from 1873 to 1874. The journal documents his work, describing his travels, the geography, flora and fauna of the area, and his observations and interactions with the various indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Amazon. It includes hand drawn illustrations.","The contract was between Noland, Civil Engineer, and J.R. Tucker, President of the Amazon Hydrographic Commission of Peru (April 10, 1872). Also present is a letter of thanks for services rendered to the steam launch \"Mayro\" during the voyage to Iquitos, Peru (August 11, 1873), and a final letter of thanks from the Peruvian government for the successful completion of the mission (December 4, 1874). ","There is a letter from Senator Thomas S. Martin describing his efforts through the State Department to secure payment from the Peruvian government for the \"claim of the Hydrographic Commission of the Amazon\" (March 12, 1896)."," A packet of typed letters translated and bound together with the notation \"C\" on the back include the following correspondents and topics: \n \nManuel Santillan wrote Alexander W. Thornely about the opportunities for mining the riches of the area of the Marañon River region of Peru, including gold dust, rubber trees, and chocolate (February 6, 1899)."," Abraham Madina wrote to Manuel Santillan about the danger from indigenous peoples in the region creating difficulties in harvesting all the riches of the area but also emphasizing the richness and health of the region (February 4, 1899). \n \nMaximiliano Kabsch to Otoniel Melena, describes the situation along the River Napo, mentioning both \"civilized\" indigenous peoples accustomed to working with foreigners and other indigenous peoples, not used to working with foreigners but who were peaceful. He also mentioned the requirements for successful navigation of the river and other financial opportunities in nearby Ecuador (February 1, 1899).","Otoniel Melena to Alexander W. Thornely, described an expedition to the upper Marañon River region, the source of much gold, but  also containing rapids and a large whirlpool. The whirlpool resulted in loss of life to San Ramon and several indigenous laborers on the expedition, when he disregarded their advice to avoid it. ","During another expedition in 1890 led by an American, Mr. Walf, and a German naturalist, above the Pongo de Mainique (a water gap or canyon) of the Urubamba River, a group was visited by members of the \"Nautipus\" people who invited them to stay in their village for a few days (February 4, 1899). They brought twelve of the indigenous people with them back to San Antonio, Peru, including a chief named Wamba.","Melena also shared what he has heard about the headwaters of the River Napo and its prospects for mining. He suggests that Noland come to Peru accompanied by a naturalist and mining expert by way of Colón, Panama, then Guayaquil, Ecuador, to Quito, Ecuador. Once in Quito, he should visit Dr. Mestanza and get additional information about the voyage down the Napo River to Iquitos, Peru, Borja, Peru, and the upper Marañon region. (February 4, 1899).","Also present at the back of the group letters is a copy of an undated account of one of the expeditions in search of the historical gold mines of Morillo or Cerro Angaisa by Jose del Carmen Vasquez. This expedition began on August 1, 1882, when he left Moyobamba for the upper Amazon, taking with him fourteen well-armed men. He secured the services of several villagers from Aripari and interpreters for the languages of the \"wild tribes.\" ","He described their first encounter with the \"Chunchos\" indigenous people, a Peruvian Spanish word for the Asháninka people, who occupy the upper region of the Potro River. He sent interpreters to the tribe to ask them to supply canoes for the journey. ","They traveled in the canoes to the Asháninka village where they prepared food for the trip, chiefly sweet potatoes, and he insisted the Moyobambinos with him make clothing for the tribe as they typically wore no clothing. Vasquez and his group stayed with the Asháninka people for eleven days. ","He mentioned one of the Asháninka by name, Huapi, who indicated that gold could be found in a distant canyon, but no one else in the expedition was willing to continue at that time. Vasquez and his men had been traveling for seventy-nine days on this first expedition. He briefly described three additional trips which provided more information about the area, but no gold.","Translations of two letters (4 copies):","Manuel Santillan to Mr. A.W. Thornely, April 16, 1899, reporting that the port of Iquitos had recently seen its first American Man of War, the gunboat \"Wilmington,\" believed to be in the area to investigate the reports of the wealth of the products of the upper Amazon. He also mentioned Mr. Bruner and a company of Americans exploring the placer mines of the River Napo.","Colonel Fisher, former American representative to Chile, on behalf of Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland, to Don Alvares Calderon, Minister Plenipotentiary of Peru, August 1900, wrote concerning the possibility of opening up the mining district of the upper Amazon by a Special Concession to a company in the United States associated with Noland for hydraulic mining of gold to make it easier to raise capital for the venture.","Also in this folder is a draft undated memorandum of agreement between Carl H. Nolting, Louisa County, Virginia, and Noland, and a letter from J.F. Spofford to Noland about the rates of passage to Peru, October 9, 1900.","Contains a print copy in Spanish and hand-written English translation of the transfer of an agreement of The Inca Gold Development Corporation of Peru, Limited, with the government of Peru for the right to dredge the Inambari River, Province of Carabaya, April 29, 1904. ","Other correspondents writing about the project or furnishing letters of introduction March 22-23, 1906) include A.J. Montague, E.B. Thomason, Nelson B. Noland, Irving B. Dudley, Z.A. Loredo. The folder also contained a letter from Mary Bleecker Miller Noland (1889-1985) to the National Geographic Society offering Noland's papers as a gift, June 20, 1964. ","The journal kept by Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland describes his travels and adventures as a member of the Hydraulic Commission of Peru in the upper Amazon region while making accurate navigational charts for the tributaries of the Amazon.  The Commission began their mission by leaving Iquitos, Peru, with two boats, the launch \"Mairo\" and the steamer, the \"Tambo, with Noland being aboard the \"Mairo\" as the civil engineer.","The handwritten journal also contains some drawings, photographs, and news clippings. Apparently some photographs had been removed by Noland, possibly by relatives or for use as illustrations for some articles he wrote for \"Appleton's Journal\" in 1875. ","The \"Mairo\" first explored the River Nanay from September 17, 1873 until its return to Iquitos, Peru, on October 3, 1873. On October 27, 1873, still aboard the \"Mairo,\" Noland and his group left Iquitos to explore the Morona, Potro, Pastaza and Tigre rivers. They returned on December 4, 1873, to Iquitos from those explorations. ","2) Noland described an indigenous settlement at Courahualie, where the people, with heavily painted faces, came to see them off the next day, speaking the Incan language and with the girls carrying monkeys upon their heads (February 23-24, 1873). ","Later he described a canoe which was made from a single tree and propelled by ten indigenous men on the Ucayali River. The \"Mairo\" passed it but later heard the same group of indigenous men during the night coming into Puca-Cura, playing music and singing \"a wild kind of melody, as they paddled, very sweet\" (March 6, 1873). ","The next morning, they saw one of the men, tattooed on his face and hands, being lashed by a man named Martinez (?) who owned the farmhouse, land, and the canoe (March 7, 1873). ","3) Anchored at Sara-Yuca, they saw several aboriginal canoes who came along side and offered them masato to drink. One of the individuals, with a \"musical instrument made of pieces of reed of different sizes and lengths,\" played the same song Noland had heard earlier down the river (March 9, 1873) in \"the Incan tongue.\" ","He also described the Old Church and other buildings constructed by the Jesuits who founded it two hundred years ago (March 10, 1873). ","He saw other indigenous people at the Bepuano chacara who he said were \"the wildest I have seen and have their war clubs, bows and arrows arranged in their houses ready for use\" (March 11, 1873).","4) Noland met a boy who had been captured by the Conibo ethnic group from the Cashibo ethnic group. The Cashibos along the River Pachitea were rumored to be cannibals (March 14, 1873). ","He also met an older monk, at the Cashaboya station of the Order of St. Francis, trying to arrange three indigenous languages into some kind of form and prepare a dictionary for the Incan language (March 16, 1873). ","They purchased plantains, ground peas and a monkey from some of the indigenous people as they left their anchor site about fifty miles from Calleria. When they anchored for the night at a Conibo settlement two miles from the mouth of the Pachitea River, they also purchased some wild hogs (wangana) and more plantains (March 25-26, 1873). ","Noland wrote about being on the border of cannibal country and recounts the story of two Peruvian officers who were killed and eaten about twelve miles above them some time ago (March 26, 1873). ","5) Noland described the Commission's arrangement with \"Old Clemente\" who had his warriors cut wood with axes for use as fuel in the \"Tambo\" and deliver it in the indigenous canoes. ","This production of wood was interrupted when the warriors went on a war expedition against the Cashibos \"to steal their women and children.\" Noland also described their beliefs about burning the house of any member of the group who dies, cut up his canoe, kill his enslaved persons and destroy all their belongings out of fear of being bewitched. ","On page 10, he has also drawn a picture of the Conibo knife carried by each man.  (March 31-April 2, 1873).","6) Noland furnished additional information about the indigenous warriors, their preparations, an aside about the production of \"masato de yuca\" by the older indigenous women, and the failure of the mission of the warriors due to thesuperior numbers of the Cashibos (April 3 and 8, 1873). He described one of the Conibo houses and how it was arranged (May 1, 1873). ","Noland also wrote of being lost deep in the forest on the border between the Conibos and the Cashibos while hunting with a guide and how difficult it was to get back to the river (May 10, 1873).  Noland's entry for May 12th says that the chief of the local indigenous group predicted the \"Tambo\" was coming up the river and would arrive soon because of the waterfowl which was disturbed by the steamer's advance and flew in advance of it on the upper Ucayali River.","7) On May 14, 1873, the \"Tambo\" had finally arrived to join Noland's group (on the advance launch \"Mairo\") near the mouth of the Pachitea River, apparently full of animal and bird species both alive and mounted as specimens. ","The arrival of the \"Tambo\" was so late in the season that it was unsafe for either vessel to proceed up the Pachitea River to do the survey, so the Hydraulic Commission purchased six canoes from the Conibo indigenous group to carry the members of the commission and their provisions for five to six weeks up the Pachitea River, two to three hundred miles.","Noland went on to describe the Conibo canoes, their dimensions, stability, construction, arrangement of the indigenous crew in the canoe, and the distribution of the Commission members and soldiers among the crafts (May 15-19, 1873). ","Some indigenous Cashibos, who had been captured and enslaved by Pedro, the brother of Clemente (both being members of the Conibo group) also joined the expedition (May 20-21, 1873). ","8) Noland also described the Conibos' fear of being in the territory of their neighbors, the Cashibos, reported to be cannibals and related a story involving a Peruvian gunboat who landed on a small island (Chouta Isla) and whose captain and 2nd commander were killed by the Cashibos. Both were reported as eaten by the group of Cashibos (May 21, 1873). He described an attack by the Cashibos upon the pilot canoe, during the daylight hours (May 24, 1873).","9) He described the canoes passing under cliffs of colored lava, where some bore a type of \"hieroglyphic\" writing, possibly the most eastern trace of the Incas yet known (May 26, 1873) and exchanging presents with some of the Cashibos along the banks (May 30, 1873). This \"gift exchange\" turned into an armed altercation shortly thereafter. They arrived at the mouth of the Pichis River and began its exploration (June 4-6, 1873). ","A desertion by eight of their men was caused by fear of the Campas indigenous people, known as \"the most fierce of all the Indians of Peru\" according to Noland (June 7-11, 1873). They continued on further into the territory of the Campas and he related stories and information about them and the local flora and fauna in his journal (June 12-16, 1873).","10) While headed back towards the steamers, they ran across a larger than normal war party of Conibos about to attack the Cashibos (June 27, 1873) who would be either killed or enslaved by them, and then sold to the whites of Iquitos, Peru, although this was against the law. ","Noland mentioned the trafficking of shrunken heads made from captives taken in war by interior indigenous peoples, also against Peruvian law. The Conibo expedition was later  reported to be unsuccessful (October 28, 1873).","An account was attached after page 27, describing the story about the shrunken head of Tibi, the fearsome chief of the \"Antipas\" ethnic group, defeated by the indigenous group, the \"Aguaruna.\" ","11) On June 28, 1873, the group reached the steamers, still anchored within the mouth of the Pachitea, after being aboard the canoes for forty-one days. ","Following this entry, Noland began a long paragraph with his own observations about the indigenous people in the region they had been exploring. On July 1,1873, the Hydraulic Commission began traveling up the Ucayali River, stopping at Sara-Yacu on July 9, where he purchased a young \"tiger\" and employed the local umbrella, a palm thatch, during a severe thunderstorm. ","On August 24, 1873, they arrived back at Iquitos, where the boats were greeted by the entire village.  Noland then began a lengthy description of the inhabitants of Iquitos, Peru, and their customs. He also mentions meeting James Orton (1830-1877) author of \"Andes and Amazon.\"","12) On September 17, 1873, the group began the second series of explorations, beginning at the River Nanay. The local indigenous people were called the Iquitos (September 23, 1873).","Noland described the multi-ethnic composition of the crew of his launch, some of their more interesting meals, and the great number of butterflies they had seen on the Nanay River (September 26, 1873). ","Upon their arrival back in Iquitos, the entire crew was ill, probably due to malaria (October 1, 1873). On October 13-15, they conducted a short exploration of the River Itaya, which is important only because the river enters the Amazon at Iquitos, Peru.","In October, both the \"Tambo\" and the steamer \"Alceste\" arrived with provisions. Unfortunately, the \"Alceste\" also carried smallpox to Iquitos. Noland described the fear of smallpox by the indigenous people who were known to desert their villages until the disease departed (October 24, 1873). ","13) They began their exploration up the River Potro which emptied into the River Marañon (October 26, 1873).  Noland mentioned a story about the death of an indigenous man who was known as a good pilot for the upper waters during an attack by the \"Mouratos\" people (November 5-7, 1873). ","He described Borja as being situated at the head of the Marañon River in a rich gold region. The Spanish had garrisoned two hundred soldiers there to force the indigenous people to bring in gold. Upon the independence of Peru and the withdrawal of the soldiers, the local population destroyed the town, killed the inhabitants, and forced the governor to drink liquid gold according to local legend. Borja had never been successfully rebuilt. ","14) After about a month spent exploring the four tributaries of the Upper Marañon, they arrived back in Iquitos, Peru (December 7, 1873). Noland comments on the mixture of backgrounds and races of the persons in the villages of the Amazon, which include indigenous, \"Negro,\" Spanish and Portuguese.","He also refered to the prevalence of smallpox in the town and described the harmonious and beautiful music of the local indigenous people (December 13, 1873). Noland also recorded his disparaging thoughts on the results of \"the combination of races\" in Brazil and Peru (end of section for January 4, 1874).","15) Noland and Mr. Sparrow decided to leave Iquitos behind for the duration of the Carnival celebrations and avoid some of its excesses (February 20, 1874). On March 21, 1874, Sparrow and Noland sailed on the steamer \"Pastaza\" to finish the survey of the Marañon River and returned to Borja (March 22-April 5, 1874). He described the town of Iquitos as a kind of Peruvian Botany Bay for offending officers and Peru as weak country with a poor government (April 27, 1874).","16) The finances of Peru were in such bad shape that there was no money for the members of the Commission to be paid or to get home. They were forced to personally borrow money to settle their accounts in the office of the commissary. The steamer \"Morona\" arrived late and in a damaged condition. They left on the \"Morona\" still hoping to make the connection with the Brazilian boat in time to get home by October.  ","On the next day, the steamer \"Morona\" ran aground on a playa along the river. Although the Peruvian boat, the \"Pastaza\" came along shortly afterwards, the captain prevented them from boarding his boat and left them stranded in the falling river levels (August 22-September 23, 1874). ","17) Noland and the others remain stuck on the playa from September 23 until October 12, 1874, when they managed to get the \"Morona\" off the playa and back into the river. In this section of the journal, he made several disparaging remarks about the efficiency of the Peruvian navy and the \"Latin\" temperament. ","By October 20th, Noland's group arrived at the Brazilian frontier fort, \"Tabatinga\" which he described. He also continued to share his negative opinions about the mixture of races in South America, using an African American Padre as an example (October 23, 1874). ","After a six day stay in Manaos, Brazil, they left on the boat \"Marajo\" (October 26, 1874), and reached Obidos, Brazil, on October 28, the head of tide water on the Amazon and five hundred miles from the mouth of the river. Noland mentioned that there was an American colony there of former Confederates. ","18) Noland and Sparrow decide to take the schooner \"Charles E. Moody\" bound for New York and led by Captain Collamore, a New Englander with early Yankee ancestors who merit Noland's approval. ","He makes much of the crew being white and the captain a Yankee, as opposed to the crews and captains of most of the boats in Peru and Brazil (October 31-December 1, 1874). By November 29, 1874, the schooner was near Cape Henry, Virginia, and on December 1, 1874, the ship made it to a pier in New York City on the East River.","Consists of the framed original map and 4 copies of the map which was hand drawn by Thomas Nelson Berkeley Noland. The map has a list of both rivers and places in the area covered. Three copies are on blueprint paper.","Reports include A \"Some Facts About the Peruvian Amazon,B \"Recapitulated and Condensed,\" and \"Something about Gold Fields, know to exist, but not now definitely located, in Rich Peru.\" Noland wrote these to interest investors and raise money to find and mine gold in the Peruvian Amazon region.","The two spear points were identified by the Peabody Museum, New Haven, Connecticut as a Red Brown Chert and a Red Brown Chert Tang."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Noland, Thomas Nelson Berkeley , 1846-1913"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1028"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_98","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"William Minor Lile journals","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_98#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lile, William Minor, 1859-1935","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_98#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e2 folders\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_98#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_98","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_98","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_98","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_98","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_98.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/107021","title_ssm":["William Minor Lile journals"],"title_tesim":["William Minor Lile journals"],"unitdate_ssm":["1882-1932"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1882-1932"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.89.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/98"],"text":["MSS.89.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/98","William Minor Lile journals","lawyers -- Virginia","University of Virginia. 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Kibler), 1911-2002","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_940#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains the papers of William S. Kibler (1911-2002), a high school teacher and educator, Stanley, Virginia, ca. 1925-2002, 23,684 items (103 Hollinger boxes; 43 linear feet) including his diaries, 1936-2002 April, recording in detail Kibler's daily activities as well as his impressions of events, travel journals and manuscripts for chiefly foreign trips, slides, postcards, and photographs, chiefly concerning his trips, both high school and college papers, literary work, and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_940#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_940","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_940","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_940","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_940","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_940.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/838","title_filing_ssi":"Kibler, William S., papers","title_ssm":["William S. Kibler papers"],"title_tesim":["William S. Kibler papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1925-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 15270","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/940"],"text":["MSS 15270","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/940","William S. Kibler papers","High school teachers - Virginia- Stanley","Stanley (Va.) - History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, American","Travel","Gay men, White","diaries","This collection is organized in five series: Series I:  Diaries (Boxes 1-60); Series II: Travel Journals and Manuscripts (Boxes 61-68); Series III: Slides, Postcards, and Photographs (Boxes 69-87); Series IV: Literary Work and School Papers (Boxes 88-92); and Series V: Correspondence and Military Records (Boxes 93-103).","William Kibler (1911-2002) was a student at the University of Virginia from 1929 to 1932; he graduated on June 14, 1932.  That same year he assumed his first teaching position at a one room school in Cubbage Hollow, just east of Stanley, Virginia.  From 1933 to 1940 he was a teacher, basketball coach and football coach at Shenandoah High School.  He was a Masters student at Harvard from 1935/6 to 1938; further interruptions would make this a sixteen year process – he attained his degree in 1951.  In 1936 his father Rufus Kibler died.  In 1941 William took the position of principal at Grove Hill Elementary School.","In 1943 he was drafted as a Private in Company A, 1302nd S.U.R.C.  In 1944 he was a Private in the 345th Harbor Craft Company.  In this same company William was made corporal in June 1944, and sergeant in mid-June 1944.  He trained primarily in Florida, spent three months in England, and was then transferred to France.  He was next stationed in Belgium, where he saw significant combat.  He earned a medal for his involvement in the Battle of the Bulge (1944-1945).  His letter correspondence is largely with his mother, Julia Kibler (Mrs. Benton Koontz).  From 1945 to 1946 he remained in the army and worked with recovering soldiers at Woodrow Wilson Hospital in Fishersville, Virginia.\n    He was discharged in May 1946, whereupon he took the position of English teacher at Florida Southern College; he eventually became the head of the department.  In 1949 William returned to the University of Virginia to study German and French; during this time he taught Freshman English.  From 1950 to 1952 he studied, wrote, and published \"I Don't Know Why,\" a book of 25 short stories about his observations of country life in Virginia.\n    From 1951 to 1956/7 he worked for a secret branch of the government – the Armed Forces Security Agency, a forerunner of the National Security Agency – intercepting messages during the Korean War.  He informed the United States government mostly about economic and living conditions in North Korea.  He would transition from educating military officers to teaching their children at the Columbia Preparatory School in Washington, D.C., where he taught for six years, becoming the head of their English Department.\n    From 1964 to 1965 William traveled around the world in about eighty days; this adventure would inspire him to spend the next twenty years visiting more than thirty countries – he toured most of Europe, Central and South America, portions of Asia and Africa, and sections of the Middle East.  Notably, during his 1976 trip to the Middle East, he narrowly missed an attack by a terrorist group.  He would eventually return to Virginia, where he continued to teach and write.  On September 3, 1980, he was honored as a Page County Retired Teacher.  In 1997 he was commended as a former teacher at Shenandoah High School.","The collection contains the papers of William S. Kibler (1911-2002), a high school teacher and educator, Stanley, Virginia, ca. 1925-2002, 23,684 items (103 Hollinger boxes; 43 linear feet) including his diaries, 1936-2002 April, recording in detail Kibler's daily activities as well as his impressions of events, travel journals and manuscripts for chiefly foreign trips, slides, postcards, and photographs, chiefly concerning his trips, both high school and college papers, literary work, and correspondence.","These are poems included in a collection, considered but not used in the collection, and poems sent to Lambert Wilson.","Military papers include Entertainment, Miscellaneous Writings, and Records.","There are no restrictions.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kibler, William S. (William S. Kibler), 1911-2002","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 15270","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/940"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William S. Kibler papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["William S. Kibler papers"],"collection_ssim":["William S. Kibler papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["High school teachers - Virginia- Stanley","Stanley (Va.) - History"],"geogname_ssim":["High school teachers - Virginia- Stanley","Stanley (Va.) - History"],"creator_ssm":["Kibler, William S. (William S. Kibler), 1911-2002"],"creator_ssim":["Kibler, William S. (William S. Kibler), 1911-2002"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kibler, William S. (William S. Kibler), 1911-2002"],"creators_ssim":["Kibler, William S. (William S. Kibler), 1911-2002"],"places_ssim":["High school teachers - Virginia- Stanley","Stanley (Va.) - History"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given by the Town Council of Stanley, Virginia, through Mike Salvino, William S. Kibler Library, to the University of Virginia Library, in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, American","Travel","Gay men, White","diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, American","Travel","Gay men, White","diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["51.5 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["51.5 Cubic Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized in five series: Series I:  Diaries (Boxes 1-60); Series II: Travel Journals and Manuscripts (Boxes 61-68); Series III: Slides, Postcards, and Photographs (Boxes 69-87); Series IV: Literary Work and School Papers (Boxes 88-92); and Series V: Correspondence and Military Records (Boxes 93-103).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized in five series: Series I:  Diaries (Boxes 1-60); Series II: Travel Journals and Manuscripts (Boxes 61-68); Series III: Slides, Postcards, and Photographs (Boxes 69-87); Series IV: Literary Work and School Papers (Boxes 88-92); and Series V: Correspondence and Military Records (Boxes 93-103)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Kibler (1911-2002) was a student at the University of Virginia from 1929 to 1932; he graduated on June 14, 1932.  That same year he assumed his first teaching position at a one room school in Cubbage Hollow, just east of Stanley, Virginia.  From 1933 to 1940 he was a teacher, basketball coach and football coach at Shenandoah High School.  He was a Masters student at Harvard from 1935/6 to 1938; further interruptions would make this a sixteen year process – he attained his degree in 1951.  In 1936 his father Rufus Kibler died.  In 1941 William took the position of principal at Grove Hill Elementary School.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1943 he was drafted as a Private in Company A, 1302nd S.U.R.C.  In 1944 he was a Private in the 345th Harbor Craft Company.  In this same company William was made corporal in June 1944, and sergeant in mid-June 1944.  He trained primarily in Florida, spent three months in England, and was then transferred to France.  He was next stationed in Belgium, where he saw significant combat.  He earned a medal for his involvement in the Battle of the Bulge (1944-1945).  His letter correspondence is largely with his mother, Julia Kibler (Mrs. Benton Koontz).  From 1945 to 1946 he remained in the army and worked with recovering soldiers at Woodrow Wilson Hospital in Fishersville, Virginia.\n    He was discharged in May 1946, whereupon he took the position of English teacher at Florida Southern College; he eventually became the head of the department.  In 1949 William returned to the University of Virginia to study German and French; during this time he taught Freshman English.  From 1950 to 1952 he studied, wrote, and published \"I Don't Know Why,\" a book of 25 short stories about his observations of country life in Virginia.\n    From 1951 to 1956/7 he worked for a secret branch of the government – the Armed Forces Security Agency, a forerunner of the National Security Agency – intercepting messages during the Korean War.  He informed the United States government mostly about economic and living conditions in North Korea.  He would transition from educating military officers to teaching their children at the Columbia Preparatory School in Washington, D.C., where he taught for six years, becoming the head of their English Department.\n    From 1964 to 1965 William traveled around the world in about eighty days; this adventure would inspire him to spend the next twenty years visiting more than thirty countries – he toured most of Europe, Central and South America, portions of Asia and Africa, and sections of the Middle East.  Notably, during his 1976 trip to the Middle East, he narrowly missed an attack by a terrorist group.  He would eventually return to Virginia, where he continued to teach and write.  On September 3, 1980, he was honored as a Page County Retired Teacher.  In 1997 he was commended as a former teacher at Shenandoah High School.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Kibler (1911-2002) was a student at the University of Virginia from 1929 to 1932; he graduated on June 14, 1932.  That same year he assumed his first teaching position at a one room school in Cubbage Hollow, just east of Stanley, Virginia.  From 1933 to 1940 he was a teacher, basketball coach and football coach at Shenandoah High School.  He was a Masters student at Harvard from 1935/6 to 1938; further interruptions would make this a sixteen year process – he attained his degree in 1951.  In 1936 his father Rufus Kibler died.  In 1941 William took the position of principal at Grove Hill Elementary School.","In 1943 he was drafted as a Private in Company A, 1302nd S.U.R.C.  In 1944 he was a Private in the 345th Harbor Craft Company.  In this same company William was made corporal in June 1944, and sergeant in mid-June 1944.  He trained primarily in Florida, spent three months in England, and was then transferred to France.  He was next stationed in Belgium, where he saw significant combat.  He earned a medal for his involvement in the Battle of the Bulge (1944-1945).  His letter correspondence is largely with his mother, Julia Kibler (Mrs. Benton Koontz).  From 1945 to 1946 he remained in the army and worked with recovering soldiers at Woodrow Wilson Hospital in Fishersville, Virginia.\n    He was discharged in May 1946, whereupon he took the position of English teacher at Florida Southern College; he eventually became the head of the department.  In 1949 William returned to the University of Virginia to study German and French; during this time he taught Freshman English.  From 1950 to 1952 he studied, wrote, and published \"I Don't Know Why,\" a book of 25 short stories about his observations of country life in Virginia.\n    From 1951 to 1956/7 he worked for a secret branch of the government – the Armed Forces Security Agency, a forerunner of the National Security Agency – intercepting messages during the Korean War.  He informed the United States government mostly about economic and living conditions in North Korea.  He would transition from educating military officers to teaching their children at the Columbia Preparatory School in Washington, D.C., where he taught for six years, becoming the head of their English Department.\n    From 1964 to 1965 William traveled around the world in about eighty days; this adventure would inspire him to spend the next twenty years visiting more than thirty countries – he toured most of Europe, Central and South America, portions of Asia and Africa, and sections of the Middle East.  Notably, during his 1976 trip to the Middle East, he narrowly missed an attack by a terrorist group.  He would eventually return to Virginia, where he continued to teach and write.  On September 3, 1980, he was honored as a Page County Retired Teacher.  In 1997 he was commended as a former teacher at Shenandoah High School."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam S. Kibler papers, MSS 15270, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["William S. Kibler papers, MSS 15270, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains the papers of William S. Kibler (1911-2002), a high school teacher and educator, Stanley, Virginia, ca. 1925-2002, 23,684 items (103 Hollinger boxes; 43 linear feet) including his diaries, 1936-2002 April, recording in detail Kibler's daily activities as well as his impressions of events, travel journals and manuscripts for chiefly foreign trips, slides, postcards, and photographs, chiefly concerning his trips, both high school and college papers, literary work, and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese are poems included in a collection, considered but not used in the collection, and poems sent to Lambert Wilson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMilitary papers include Entertainment, Miscellaneous Writings, and Records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains the papers of William S. 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Kibler papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1925-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 15270","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/940"],"text":["MSS 15270","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/940","William S. Kibler papers","High school teachers - Virginia- Stanley","Stanley (Va.) - History","World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives, American","Travel","Gay men, White","diaries","This collection is organized in five series: Series I:  Diaries (Boxes 1-60); Series II: Travel Journals and Manuscripts (Boxes 61-68); Series III: Slides, Postcards, and Photographs (Boxes 69-87); Series IV: Literary Work and School Papers (Boxes 88-92); and Series V: Correspondence and Military Records (Boxes 93-103).","William Kibler (1911-2002) was a student at the University of Virginia from 1929 to 1932; he graduated on June 14, 1932.  That same year he assumed his first teaching position at a one room school in Cubbage Hollow, just east of Stanley, Virginia.  From 1933 to 1940 he was a teacher, basketball coach and football coach at Shenandoah High School.  He was a Masters student at Harvard from 1935/6 to 1938; further interruptions would make this a sixteen year process – he attained his degree in 1951.  In 1936 his father Rufus Kibler died.  In 1941 William took the position of principal at Grove Hill Elementary School.","In 1943 he was drafted as a Private in Company A, 1302nd S.U.R.C.  In 1944 he was a Private in the 345th Harbor Craft Company.  In this same company William was made corporal in June 1944, and sergeant in mid-June 1944.  He trained primarily in Florida, spent three months in England, and was then transferred to France.  He was next stationed in Belgium, where he saw significant combat.  He earned a medal for his involvement in the Battle of the Bulge (1944-1945).  His letter correspondence is largely with his mother, Julia Kibler (Mrs. Benton Koontz).  From 1945 to 1946 he remained in the army and worked with recovering soldiers at Woodrow Wilson Hospital in Fishersville, Virginia.\n    He was discharged in May 1946, whereupon he took the position of English teacher at Florida Southern College; he eventually became the head of the department.  In 1949 William returned to the University of Virginia to study German and French; during this time he taught Freshman English.  From 1950 to 1952 he studied, wrote, and published \"I Don't Know Why,\" a book of 25 short stories about his observations of country life in Virginia.\n    From 1951 to 1956/7 he worked for a secret branch of the government – the Armed Forces Security Agency, a forerunner of the National Security Agency – intercepting messages during the Korean War.  He informed the United States government mostly about economic and living conditions in North Korea.  He would transition from educating military officers to teaching their children at the Columbia Preparatory School in Washington, D.C., where he taught for six years, becoming the head of their English Department.\n    From 1964 to 1965 William traveled around the world in about eighty days; this adventure would inspire him to spend the next twenty years visiting more than thirty countries – he toured most of Europe, Central and South America, portions of Asia and Africa, and sections of the Middle East.  Notably, during his 1976 trip to the Middle East, he narrowly missed an attack by a terrorist group.  He would eventually return to Virginia, where he continued to teach and write.  On September 3, 1980, he was honored as a Page County Retired Teacher.  In 1997 he was commended as a former teacher at Shenandoah High School.","The collection contains the papers of William S. Kibler (1911-2002), a high school teacher and educator, Stanley, Virginia, ca. 1925-2002, 23,684 items (103 Hollinger boxes; 43 linear feet) including his diaries, 1936-2002 April, recording in detail Kibler's daily activities as well as his impressions of events, travel journals and manuscripts for chiefly foreign trips, slides, postcards, and photographs, chiefly concerning his trips, both high school and college papers, literary work, and correspondence.","These are poems included in a collection, considered but not used in the collection, and poems sent to Lambert Wilson.","Military papers include Entertainment, Miscellaneous Writings, and Records.","There are no restrictions.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kibler, William S. (William S. Kibler), 1911-2002","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 15270","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/940"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William S. Kibler papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["William S. 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His letter correspondence is largely with his mother, Julia Kibler (Mrs. Benton Koontz).  From 1945 to 1946 he remained in the army and worked with recovering soldiers at Woodrow Wilson Hospital in Fishersville, Virginia.\n    He was discharged in May 1946, whereupon he took the position of English teacher at Florida Southern College; he eventually became the head of the department.  In 1949 William returned to the University of Virginia to study German and French; during this time he taught Freshman English.  From 1950 to 1952 he studied, wrote, and published \"I Don't Know Why,\" a book of 25 short stories about his observations of country life in Virginia.\n    From 1951 to 1956/7 he worked for a secret branch of the government – the Armed Forces Security Agency, a forerunner of the National Security Agency – intercepting messages during the Korean War.  He informed the United States government mostly about economic and living conditions in North Korea.  He would transition from educating military officers to teaching their children at the Columbia Preparatory School in Washington, D.C., where he taught for six years, becoming the head of their English Department.\n    From 1964 to 1965 William traveled around the world in about eighty days; this adventure would inspire him to spend the next twenty years visiting more than thirty countries – he toured most of Europe, Central and South America, portions of Asia and Africa, and sections of the Middle East.  Notably, during his 1976 trip to the Middle East, he narrowly missed an attack by a terrorist group.  He would eventually return to Virginia, where he continued to teach and write.  On September 3, 1980, he was honored as a Page County Retired Teacher.  In 1997 he was commended as a former teacher at Shenandoah High School.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Kibler (1911-2002) was a student at the University of Virginia from 1929 to 1932; he graduated on June 14, 1932.  That same year he assumed his first teaching position at a one room school in Cubbage Hollow, just east of Stanley, Virginia.  From 1933 to 1940 he was a teacher, basketball coach and football coach at Shenandoah High School.  He was a Masters student at Harvard from 1935/6 to 1938; further interruptions would make this a sixteen year process – he attained his degree in 1951.  In 1936 his father Rufus Kibler died.  In 1941 William took the position of principal at Grove Hill Elementary School.","In 1943 he was drafted as a Private in Company A, 1302nd S.U.R.C.  In 1944 he was a Private in the 345th Harbor Craft Company.  In this same company William was made corporal in June 1944, and sergeant in mid-June 1944.  He trained primarily in Florida, spent three months in England, and was then transferred to France.  He was next stationed in Belgium, where he saw significant combat.  He earned a medal for his involvement in the Battle of the Bulge (1944-1945).  His letter correspondence is largely with his mother, Julia Kibler (Mrs. Benton Koontz).  From 1945 to 1946 he remained in the army and worked with recovering soldiers at Woodrow Wilson Hospital in Fishersville, Virginia.\n    He was discharged in May 1946, whereupon he took the position of English teacher at Florida Southern College; he eventually became the head of the department.  In 1949 William returned to the University of Virginia to study German and French; during this time he taught Freshman English.  From 1950 to 1952 he studied, wrote, and published \"I Don't Know Why,\" a book of 25 short stories about his observations of country life in Virginia.\n    From 1951 to 1956/7 he worked for a secret branch of the government – the Armed Forces Security Agency, a forerunner of the National Security Agency – intercepting messages during the Korean War.  He informed the United States government mostly about economic and living conditions in North Korea.  He would transition from educating military officers to teaching their children at the Columbia Preparatory School in Washington, D.C., where he taught for six years, becoming the head of their English Department.\n    From 1964 to 1965 William traveled around the world in about eighty days; this adventure would inspire him to spend the next twenty years visiting more than thirty countries – he toured most of Europe, Central and South America, portions of Asia and Africa, and sections of the Middle East.  Notably, during his 1976 trip to the Middle East, he narrowly missed an attack by a terrorist group.  He would eventually return to Virginia, where he continued to teach and write.  On September 3, 1980, he was honored as a Page County Retired Teacher.  In 1997 he was commended as a former teacher at Shenandoah High School."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam S. Kibler papers, MSS 15270, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["William S. Kibler papers, MSS 15270, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains the papers of William S. 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