{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women+--+History\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=4","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women+--+History\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=3","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women+--+History\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=5","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women+--+History\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=31"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":4,"next_page":5,"prev_page":3,"total_pages":31,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":30,"total_count":306,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, 1954/1999","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Willis, Beverly, 1928-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Beverly Willis Architectural Collection span the years 1954 to 1999 and are comprised primarily of records documenting Willis' work as an architect in San Francisco between 1960 and 1990. The collection documents the application of computers to architectural design and land analysis, the development of CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970s, the history of twentieth-century urban planning, particularly in San Francisco; and the contribution of women to twentieth-century American architecture. Willis, a noted artist, photographer, teacher, and writer, employed the full range of visual arts and design skills to influence and guide architectural projects of major significance.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1898.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Willis, Beverly Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1954-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954/1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, 1954/1999"],"text":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, 1954/1999","Ms.1992.019","San Francisco (Calif.)","Architects and community","Housing -- United States","City planning","Architecture -- Computer-aided design","Women -- History","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)","Collection is open to research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","The collection has been arranged into a Project Index. which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged by project number and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.","A Summary of the Project Index.  is listed below.  Consult the Project Index.  for location information.","A Summary of the Project Index.  is listed below.  Consult the Project Index.  for location information.","Beverly Willis, FAIA Architect, artist, and writer, was one of perhaps three women architects in the United States to own her own sizeable architecture firm between 1958 and 1990 and the only woman in San Francisco, California, to have her own practice there for 17 years. Her book, Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture, published by the National Building Museum, describes her design philosophy.","She was the first woman appointed to the Building Research Advisory Board of the National Academy of Science, the first appointed to the Federal Construction Council, and its first woman chair. She was the first woman elected president of the American Institute of Architects, California Council; and the Golden Gate Chapter of Lambda Alpha Society.","Willis played a major role in the revitalization of San Francisco neighborhoods after World War II. She renovated commercial spaces in the Jackson Square area and Union Street, redesigned Glide Church, designed the San Francisco Ballet Building, and won an international competition to design the Yerba Buena Gardens development downtown.","Beverly Willis was born February 17, 1928, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Ralph William Willis, founder of the National Tool Company, and Margaret Elizabeth Porter, a nurse. She had one sibling, Ralph Gerald Willis. Both Willis and her brother were placed in an orphanage when their parents divorced in 1934.","Taking advantage of the increased opportunities available to women with the advent of World War II, Willis learned welding, riveting, electrical wiring, carpentry, and how to fly an airplane--skills that reflected the fiercely independent qualities that emerged in her personality when she was in the institutional environment of the orphanage. After the war, she enrolled in an aeronautical engineering program at Oregon State University, but withdrew after two years to work at a lithographer's studio. She then studied at the San Francisco Art Institute until relocating to Hawaii. In 1954 she received a B.A. in Fine Art from the University of Hawaii.","After graduation, Willis received a series of design commissions that led to her interest in architecture. Fueled by the friendship and ideas of entrepreneur Henry Kaiser, Willis returned to San Francisco in 1960 to open a firm that designed furniture and interiors for offices, created mixed-media art for clients that included United Airlines, and re-worked supermarket displays. Despite her rural sensibility, Willis began to immerse herself in urban designs. She found that her interests ran parallel to those of San Francisco architects like William Wurster and Joseph Esherick.","Willis' first major architectural project was the conversion of three Victorian buildings into a retail complex on Union Street in San Francisco. Her design, which proved a financial success almost immediately, influenced the renovation of the rest of the street between present-day Gough and Pierce streets.","Meeting the experience and education requirements of the California State Architectural Licensing Board in 1966, Willis became a licensed architect and the only woman in San Francisco with her own firm, Beverly Willis and Associates. This firm assumed a partnership with would-be principal architect David Coldoff that year, a partnership that lasted until 1980. Despite the heavy demands of her practice, Willis also found time to serve on the U.S. Government delegation to the United Nations conference on Habitat, become a trustee and founder of the National Building Museum in 1976, and serve as the President of the California Chapter of the National Institute of Architects in 1979.","Willis' interest in the issues that affect planning, population density, and land-use economics with respect to large-scale development manifested itself in the creation of the computer program CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970's. The software was developed by Willis with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen. With CARLA's completion and implementation, Willis and Associates became one of the first architectural firms to incorporate computers into the routine practices of design and land development.","Projects such as the prototype for the regional computer centers of the IRS and master-planning for a new town situated in Aliamanu Valley, Hawaii (1975), are good examples of her unique philosophy of design.","Throughout the 1970s, Willis' firm concentrated on large- scale housing and new-community planning and design. By espousing architecture of rural pragmatism and rooting it in ancient images and myths, Willis offered something new to the intellectual landscape of architectural design.","In 1997, the National Building Museum published Willis' book, Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture, in which she describes her buildings and design philosophy. In 1980, she was elected to the American Institute of Architects College of Fellows. In 1984, Willis received an honorary doctorate in Fine Arts from Mount Holyoke College.","By the early 1980s, Willis' design focus shifted to urban structures like the Yerba Buena Gardens redevelopment project (1980) and the San Francisco Ballet Association Building (1984). Smaller, but no less important, projects include Nob Hill Court (1971), Pacific Point Condominiums (1972), the Greenwich Apartment (1978), the Margaret Hayward Playground Building (1978), the (unbuilt) Shown Winery (1986), and the Mr. and Mrs. Richard Goeglin Pool House and Sculpture (1988).","Willis relocated her office and residence to New York City in 1991. Willis founded in 1994 the Architectural Research Institute, Inc. (through which the Manhattan Village Academy was designed). In 2002, she founded the Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, and she presently (2008) serves as the foundation's president. Her work and community leadership have been widely published (see bibliography). She is a founding trustee of the National Building Museum (1975-present). The Beverly Willis Library is located at the National Building Museum.","Much of the information in the biography was culled from the biography written for Beverly Willis by Nicolai Ouroussoff and included in Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture, published in 1997 by the National Building Museum, Washington, DC.","Some of the information in the scope and content note was taken from an independent appraisal of the collection.","The bulk of the drawings in the Willis Papers were arranged and described before they were donated, and information about the arrangement of the collection was compiled in a searchable database that is available at the repository. Project records stored in record cartons have been inventoried and are included in the database and finding aid.","The first accession, which was arranged and described by Laura Katz Smith in 1995, was combined with subsequent accessions in 2003. A finding aid describing the complete collection was created by Catherine G. OBrion in 2003, using descriptions of materials in the archives database that was donated with the bulk of the collection in 2000.\nThe 2004 and 2009 additions were arranged and described by Sherrie Bowser in 2012. The project index arrangement was also included at this time.","The guide to the Beverly Willis Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The Beverly Willis Architectural Collection span the years 1954 to 1999 and are comprised primarily of records documenting Willis' work as an architect in San Francisco between 1960 and 1990. The collection documents the application of computers to architectural design and land analysis, the development of CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970s, the history of twentieth-century urban planning, particularly in San Francisco; and the contribution of women to twentieth-century American architecture. Willis, a noted artist, photographer, teacher, and writer, employed the full range of visual arts and design skills to influence and guide architectural projects of major significance.","The bulk of the collection is comprised of Willis and Associates project files from the period 1960 to 1990. Projects range from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis; and records documenting the development of CARLA.","Project files are comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and- ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.","Also included is a series documenting the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, in the 1970s. Beverly Willis was interested in issues that affected planning, population density, and land-use economics in relation to large-scale development. Along with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen, she developed a program that enabled architects, with the use of computers, to develop site plans and design techniques in a fraction of the time required by the old methodology. Records documenting the development of CARLA include computer tapes, correspondence, flow charts, memos, and Jochen Eigen's notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program in 1974.","The collection also contains a series of Publications, Brochures, and Clippings, which includes biographical information on Willis, Miscellaneous Project Records, and a video of the Yerba Buena Gardents development.","The Professional Papers series consists of material relating to Willis' participation in professional life including a curriculum vitae and articles/books written by Willis.","The Office Records series consists of materials relating to the day-to-day operations of Willis and Associates including financial and administrative records, clippings, presentation materials, media creation, and publicity photographs.","These files contain the contents of two large binders containing publicity materials and newspaper and magazine clippings compiled by Willis.","These files contain the contents of two large binders containing publicity materials and newspaper and magazine clippings compiled by Willis.","This series is comprised of financial records, memos, job notes, letters of transmittal, correspondence, and other financial records. An inventory of file folders for these boxes is available here.\nNot arranged by project number or format.","Project Files span the period 1958 to 1998 and document projects ranging from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis, and sketches of unbuilt structures designed for writer Alex Haley.","The series is comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and-ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.","Drawing of entry into office suites in a concrete tilt-up building.","Master plan for grounds around entry, guard enclosure and fencing.","Design for an addition in rear of a commercial retail building in San Francisco.","Design of apartment building. Unbuilt.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for renovation of 560 Pacific Street office building in San Francisco. Converted from Barbary Coast whore house lodging.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for renovation and restoration of an 1855 one-room school house into a 3-bedroom residence in Volcano, California.","Extended Description: A \"ghost town\" three hours from San Francisco, Volcano, California, was once home to 10,000 miners that worked the original mother-lode of the gold rush. When Willis first saw the deteriorating buildings in the early sixties, the town's one hundred residents survived on weekend tourist trade.","Built in 1855, a one-room schoolhouse with boarded up bell tower and crumbling foundations was redesigned by Willis as her personal weekend retreat. Gutting the interior, Willis created a two-story living area in one half of the space, and stacked a master bedroom suite over a small kitchen and two bedrooms in the other half. The boys and girls restrooms were converted to half baths, and the original wood flooring was sanded and stained.","The exterior was fully restored, including bell tower and stone foundations. A deck and swimming pool were added to the outdoor \"playground,\" a modern contrast to the original merry-go-round and chin-up bars.","The project included the design and creation of construction drawings and providing supervision for office building facade and lobby renovation.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for office building lobby renovation.","Conceptual design for renovation.","Conceptual design for beautification of Union Street, including parking and street lighting and signage.","Interior design.","Design for new building that was not built because funds could not be raised.","Initial site plan analysis of Jackson Square building types within the proposed historical district.","Consulting for Cooperage new site investigation.","Interior Design for Julius Castle Restaurant.","Created customized floor plans and made design modifications suitable for classrooms.","Conceptual design and model. Unbuilt. (land sale corrupt)","Contracts and Proposals.","Project required the architect to customize floor plans, make design modifications to standard mobile modular house and site multiple residences for Speedspace.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for Diamond Heights Townhouses. Project filled a full block-area with common open space and children's play yards in the middle of the block.","Site study.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for a 48 unit apartment building.","Extended Description: Sited in downtown San Francisco, a major issue in the design of this 48 unit apartment complex was the need to create a quiet retreat sheltered from the noisy interference and potential dangers of urban life. An image of medieval cities with their protective walls was evoked in Willis' mind. At Nob Hill Court, the medieval wall becomes inhabitable space with a fortress-like facade. The building turns away from the threatening presence of the street to focus on a peaceful open air courtyard interior to the site. A two-story entry lobby with sweeping circular stair is carved from the parking garage that forms the base of the building and the private court.","Willis transforms the issue of security into a sense of permanency by maximizing the plan and volume of the primary living space of each unit. Large windows flood the interior spaces with light; door and ceiling moldings provide rich details that offer a textural contrast with the plaster walls. Fireplaces, a traditional symbol of home, contribute to the ambiance of warmth and serenity.","The facade of the building, reminiscent of a stone outcropping, is softened by the use of wood shingles. The mullioned patterns of the wood windows further reduce the scale, offering a degree of detail found in single-family homes.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for minor renovation to Halsted's Funeral Home.","Master planning for multi-family housing.","Master planning for a multi-family housing development.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for multi-family residences.","Specifications and Details.","Master planning and conceptual design for condominiums; unbuilt.","Master planning for multi-family housing; unbuilt. CARLA project.","Master planning for a multi-family housing development.","Project papers: special processing, EIR.","Project papers; includes project information, reports, conceptual design, and loose drawings.","Contract file and expenses.","Master planning for multi-family housing; unbuilt.","Provided design, construction drawings and supervision for retail store front.","Design and construction drawings for the Internal Revenue Service. Expandable prototypical computer center building to be adapted and built on nine campuses. Unbuilt.","Extended Description: Designed by Willis in 1976 for the General Services Administration and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the project entailed the development of a prototypical computing center planned for construction on 9 regional complexes scattered throughout the United States. A totally flexible building, the hexagonal shape adapted easily to differing sites, the angular sides meshing with building configurations like a pinion and a wheel.","Capable of accommodating 1 to 4 levels, Willis' design incorporated energy conservation techniques, task and user-friendly lighting and work stations, and flexible distribution systems researched and developed as a portion of the design scope. The open-air courtyard at the center of the building increased the amount of natural light and air available to the occupants and provided a natural compliment to the technologically-driven building.","Planning of computer applications within office of construction.","Master planning for farm house.","Master planning.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for office building renovation to include architectural offices on 4th floor of 5 story building.","General Correspondence.","Master planning of multi-family housing and retail locations.","Master planning for multi-family housing development.","Design.","General Correspondence.","Master planning.","Master planning for a subdivision.","Renovation of a government office building.","Project Papers. Includes interior design requirements, product information, planning criteria for medical facilities, reports, job notes, and contracts.","Implementation Plan for VA OAC Computer Application.","Environmental impact report for multi-family housing development.","Project Papers.","Incoming correspondence, outgoing correspondence, memos, letters of transmittal, and job notes","Master planning for multi-family housing development.","Unidentified project papers for a code analysis and feasibility study","Design; includes project papers for the Lippert/Haight St. Bar.","Unidentified project papers","Design for the interior of wine tasting and retail rooms, and displays.","Bound volume, \"Energy Conservation Design Criteria,\" and project papers, which include incoming and outgoing correspondence, general correspondence, meeting minutes, process planning, Q-1, step sheets, letter of transmittal, weekly action list, and contract information","General correspondence and project papers","Consulting.","Project scope included design, construction drawings and supervision for a free standing building for small children. Building part of a large park with many different facilities.","Extended Description: The Children's recreational Center at the Margaret Hayward Playground Park was designed and executed in 1982. Located in a modest-income neighborhood in San Francisco, California, the layer facade -- reminiscent of the segmented shell of an armadillo -- unfolds from the corner of the constrained site toward the outdoor play equipment.","Willis designed the layers to act as theatrical backdrops, in an effort to encourage the children's imaginary performances and to allow for scalar shifts that accommodate both child and adult. A series of wide steps linking the playground and building entry create an impromptu thrust stage and child-sized seating area.","Approximately 1,200 square feet of internal area accommodates the main recreational playroom, administrative offices and various support services.","Two folders of general correspondence, a folder of project information, and a folder of unidentified materials","General Correspondence","Design.","General Correspondence.","Master planning.","Project papers, including general correspondence, reference materials, a working drawing, details, a comparative feasibility study, and a conceptual estimate","Consulting.","Project papers for an interior renovation.","Project Papers.","Provided design, construction drawings and supervision for renovation of 48 condominiums.","Project Papers.","Consulting for a mixed-use development.","Energy report and analysis and miscellaneous project papers that include pamphlets, books, and computer printouts","Master plan for a new town of 100,000 people.","Extended Description: By 1986, Green Valley -- an 8,400 acre planned community in the Nevada desert that would eventually house 100,000 residents -- had undergone sufficient development to support a small town- like commercial center. A 75 acre site adjacent to the Green Valley parkway was proposed for the Center. Willis executed a conceptual master plan for the site to accommodate phased development as future growth occurred. To provide a sense of community, Willis' plan proposed a full complement of retail, commercial, multi-family residential, entertainment, and recreational facilities.","Given the physical discomfort entailed by the hot, arid climate, Willis incorporated environmental design strategies to minimize the unpleasant effects. Pedestrian arcades, towers with wind-catchers, moisturizing sprays, and landscaped \"greenwalls\" all served to reduce the effective daily temperature. As a focal point, Willis created a village green that fronted a four-plex cinema, an ice skating rink, and a variety of cafes and restaurants, providing a casual spill-over space for leisure activities.","EIR, Project Papers.","Study plan to determine feasibility to locate the Developer's Project Office in the existing Jesse Street Sub-station space, which was a former utility building.","Created a master plan and conducted conceptual design for 24 acres in downtown San Francisco. Project part of a redevelopment project called Yerba Buena - joint venture of Beverly Willis Architects and Zeidler- Roberts Partnership, Toronto, Canada.","Extended Description: Covering 24 acres--four city blocks--in downtown San Francisco, the Yerba Buena site was seen as a bridge that could extend the economic success of the financial and Union Street districts into the surrounding urban neighborhood ravaged by poorly conceived urban renewal projects. In 1980, the master plan put forth by the team of Beverly Willis Architects, Olympia \u0026 York, Ltd., the Marriott Corporation, and Zeidler-Roberts Partnership, Ltd. won an international competition for the site's development.","Consisting of 1,250,000 square feet of office space, a 1,500-room hotel, 250,000 square feet of retail, 350 apartments, and an exhibition and performance art complex, the master plan created transitions in scale, use, texture, access that seamlessly rewove the urban fabric into an integrated whole. Ground level components were reduced in size creating a comfortable pedestrian street-scape that negated the presence of the 'super block' towers. A series of open spaces, sited for maximum sunlight and minimal wind, further reduced the scale and offered a variety of outdoor environments.","Project entailed building design, construction drawings and construction supervision for a new 4 story, 96 foot-high building in San Francisco's Civic Center.","Extended Description: In the design of the building for the San Francisco Ballet Association, Willis was preoccupied with how the design could reflect the total fabric of a dancer's life. Located in the city's Civic Center, the site for the modest project of some 65,000 feet was surrounded by such monumentally-scaled buildings as the Opera House, Symphony Hall, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and City Hall.","To be compatible with the Civic Center's Neoclassical context, Willis used a tripartite horizontal ordering system derived from Renaissance principles on the facade. Breaking with classical tradition of symmetry, the entry was located on the corner, the curvilinear wall suggesting physical movement and offering a unique identity for the growing ballet company.","As the dancers were required to spend six hours per day in the facility, the desire for natural light and outdoor air is reflected in the interior. In the large airy spaces visually accessible to the outdoors, Willis developed a mirror system to provide unbroken images of lifts and jumps, as well as a fluorescent lighting system free of the stroboscopic wavering that causes dizziness during practice. The building includes rehearsal, instructional, and administrative spaces along with food service, locker rooms, and lounges.","Project papers; include photographs, reference and planning materials, correspondence, transmittals, and project study","Three books","Provided design and construction drawings","Feasibility study","Consulting.","Miscellaneous project papers; include contracts, consultant records, and invoices.","Master planning for equestrian center, including center design. Unbuilt (couldn't raise funds).","Project to convert existing warehouse into an office building. Design and construction.","Design and construction drawing for converting a 1930s warehouse with neo-classical facade and building on top of it an additional seven floors of parking and office space. Unbuilt.","Renovation, design, and construction drawings for the Abbey Rents' building conversion into retail shops.","Consulting.","Conceptual design of residential condominiums around an equestrian center. Unbuilt.","Miscellaneous project papers; include contracts, consultant records, and invoices.","Two books","Provided design and construction drawings for renovation and addition in order to create a mid-rise office building.","Project entailed executing feasibility study for addition to existing building.","Project entailed conducting massing studies to reconfigure an existing design for a new office tower. Unbuilt.","Project papers, including contacts, consultants, and invoices","Feasibility study for retail uses.","Conceptual massing project. Unbuilt.","Renovation design and construction drawings for converting an existing building into an arts center.","Lobby, corridors and elevator renovation design and construction drawings.","Project included pen and ink mapping drawings of hotel site.","Design, construction drawing, and other project papers for a new, free standing, winery and storage caves utilizing passive energy.","Extended Description: Behind the form of the winery, the aging sheds and the terrace lie images of the traditions common to wine-making throughout the centuries. Willis transforms these historical images into crisp contemporary form through the use of geometry and the incorporation of natural materials that respond to the agrarian","In the main building of the winery, the facade of vertical grain redwoods are fitted together like the staves of an oak cask, held rigidly in place by two large steel bands encircling the building under a tern metal roof. The golden mean proportion that governs the scale and relationships of the design encompasses a cylindrical cupola at the winery roof. The warm air of the California day is drawn upward, escaping through the cupola's perimeter vents.","To maintain the constant temperature required in the aging process, Willis designed the areas as \"caves\", determining through computer analysis the appropriate thermal mass for passive cooling. Supported by a timed intake fan rather than air conditioning, strict temperature criteria are met with reduced energy consumption.","Design, construction drawings and supervision of entertainment center and pool house project.","Extended Description: In designing a pool house to be located on an old campsite of the Wappa Indians, Willis responded to the owners' desire to preserve a rumored burial mound by reinventing a bit of history. Nomadic gatherers and hunters, the Wappa tribe had left little evidence of their cultural traditions or imagery. Through the use of universal mythical images -- such as the sun, eagle and sky boat -- Willis recreated the spiritual journey of the ancient tribe in stucco bias relief on the pool-house facade and through the design of a memorial sun marker.","Located beside an existing swimming pool, the pool house was designed to accommodate casual pool-side entertaining as well as the functional necessities of showering and dressing, Willis used the golden section to generate all parts of the building form, modulating the two squares of the floor plan with a trace of the roof to derive three distinct spaces. In the vaulted center section, sliding doors are pocketed into the walls, dissolving the boundaries between pool and house.","Design and construction drawings for renovation of a two-story house.","Conceptual design for free standing building to be used as a fitness center. Unbuilt.","Project papers, including correspondence, research and notes, programs, contract, and invoices","Designed, developed construction drawings and supervised construction for interior design of apartment.","Project papers, including fee negotiations and expenses, feasibility studies, contract, and invoices","Consulting on interior refurbishing.","Item labeled \"Book 2\"","Design Architect created innovative small school plan and introduced the Locus clustering concept.","Extended Description: The focus of the River Run property consisted of two small knolls nestled side-by-side overlooking the flat valley land and the Napa River. Entered by way of a nineteenth century stone bridge, a working vineyard of Chardonnay grapes surrounds the knolls, the first of which houses the remodeled estate gate house. In the field between the knolls were two barns, one of which Willis remodeled as a stable with full tack room and grooming area.","The farmhouse, imbued with the image of a Palladian villa, monumentally commands the second knoll along with a renovated guest house and pool. The grand semicircular staircase and the symmetrical facade contrast with the asymmetrical elements of the natural landscaping. The form of the portico recalls the colonnades of early Tuscany, their redwood material exuding a warmth not found in the stone and masonry of their historic counterparts.","The interior of the house is comprised of four \"living centers\" -- the public reception and entertainment area, the food preparation and relaxation area, the more private library and study area, and the fully private sleeping and bath areas. Sharing fireplace with the master bedroom, the master bath has a view of the pool that links the guest and main houses.","Renovation and restoration of a 5-story 1856 brownstone with cellar [townhouse], of approximately 3,500 square feet for a living-working space for Beverly Willis. (The house was remodeled ca. 1955 and the original detailing and many walls were removed at this time.) Budget, $350,000.","Project to renovate and convert warehouse into school.","Design and construction of wall table.","Miscellaneous brochures.","This series spans the period 1972-1978 and documents the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, by Beverly Willis, Eric Tiescholz, and Jochen Eigen. The system enabled architects to use computers to develop site plan design techniques more efficiently.\nIt contains computer paper drive tapes of software program versions, a computer-punched paper drive of CARLA original film, flowcharts, videotapes, rough material for CARLA videotape, articles about computer-assisted analysis and mapping systems, computer manuals, and memos. Also included are Jochen Eigen's 1974 notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Please note: Boxes 1-51 are located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates","Willis, Beverly, 1928-","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, 1954/1999"],"collection_ssim":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, 1954/1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1992.019"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1992.019"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["San Francisco (Calif.)"],"geogname_ssim":["San Francisco (Calif.)"],"places_ssim":["San Francisco (Calif.)"],"creator_ssm":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"creator_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates"],"creators_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Beverly Willis donated samples of her designs to Virginia Tech in 1992. This gift was followed, in 2000, with a donation of the bulk of the records and designs from her architectural career.  Additional small accessions arrived in 2004 and 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architects and community","Housing -- United States","City planning","Architecture -- Computer-aided design","Women -- History","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architects and community","Housing -- United States","City planning","Architecture -- Computer-aided design","Women -- History","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["100 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["100 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/225\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged into a \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged by project number and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Summary of the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  is listed below.  Consult the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  for location information.  \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eA Summary of the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  is listed below.  Consult the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  for location information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged into a Project Index. which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged by project number and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.","A Summary of the Project Index.  is listed below.  Consult the Project Index.  for location information.","A Summary of the Project Index.  is listed below.  Consult the Project Index.  for location information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBeverly Willis, FAIA Architect, artist, and writer, was one of perhaps three women architects in the United States to own her own sizeable architecture firm between 1958 and 1990 and the only woman in San Francisco, California, to have her own practice there for 17 years. Her book, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eInvisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,\u003c/title\u003e published by the National Building Museum, describes her design philosophy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe was the first woman appointed to the Building Research Advisory Board of the National Academy of Science, the first appointed to the Federal Construction Council, and its first woman chair. She was the first woman elected president of the American Institute of Architects, California Council; and the Golden Gate Chapter of Lambda Alpha Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis played a major role in the revitalization of San Francisco neighborhoods after World War II. She renovated commercial spaces in the Jackson Square area and Union Street, redesigned Glide Church, designed the San Francisco Ballet Building, and won an international competition to design the Yerba Buena Gardens development downtown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeverly Willis was born February 17, 1928, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Ralph William Willis, founder of the National Tool Company, and Margaret Elizabeth Porter, a nurse. She had one sibling, Ralph Gerald Willis. Both Willis and her brother were placed in an orphanage when their parents divorced in 1934.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaking advantage of the increased opportunities available to women with the advent of World War II, Willis learned welding, riveting, electrical wiring, carpentry, and how to fly an airplane--skills that reflected the fiercely independent qualities that emerged in her personality when she was in the institutional environment of the orphanage. After the war, she enrolled in an aeronautical engineering program at Oregon State University, but withdrew after two years to work at a lithographer's studio. She then studied at the San Francisco Art Institute until relocating to Hawaii. In 1954 she received a B.A. in Fine Art from the University of Hawaii.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduation, Willis received a series of design commissions that led to her interest in architecture. Fueled by the friendship and ideas of entrepreneur Henry Kaiser, Willis returned to San Francisco in 1960 to open a firm that designed furniture and interiors for offices, created mixed-media art for clients that included United Airlines, and re-worked supermarket displays. Despite her rural sensibility, Willis began to immerse herself in urban designs. She found that her interests ran parallel to those of San Francisco architects like William Wurster and Joseph Esherick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis' first major architectural project was the conversion of three Victorian buildings into a retail complex on Union Street in San Francisco. Her design, which proved a financial success almost immediately, influenced the renovation of the rest of the street between present-day Gough and Pierce streets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMeeting the experience and education requirements of the California State Architectural Licensing Board in 1966, Willis became a licensed architect and the only woman in San Francisco with her own firm, Beverly Willis and Associates. This firm assumed a partnership with would-be principal architect David Coldoff that year, a partnership that lasted until 1980. Despite the heavy demands of her practice, Willis also found time to serve on the U.S. Government delegation to the United Nations conference on Habitat, become a trustee and founder of the National Building Museum in 1976, and serve as the President of the California Chapter of the National Institute of Architects in 1979.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis' interest in the issues that affect planning, population density, and land-use economics with respect to large-scale development manifested itself in the creation of the computer program CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970's. The software was developed by Willis with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen. With CARLA's completion and implementation, Willis and Associates became one of the first architectural firms to incorporate computers into the routine practices of design and land development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProjects such as the prototype for the regional computer centers of the IRS and master-planning for a new town situated in Aliamanu Valley, Hawaii (1975), are good examples of her unique philosophy of design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the 1970s, Willis' firm concentrated on large- scale housing and new-community planning and design. By espousing architecture of rural pragmatism and rooting it in ancient images and myths, Willis offered something new to the intellectual landscape of architectural design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1997, the National Building Museum published Willis' book, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eInvisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,\u003c/title\u003e in which she describes her buildings and design philosophy. In 1980, she was elected to the American Institute of Architects College of Fellows. In 1984, Willis received an honorary doctorate in Fine Arts from Mount Holyoke College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy the early 1980s, Willis' design focus shifted to urban structures like the Yerba Buena Gardens redevelopment project (1980) and the San Francisco Ballet Association Building (1984). Smaller, but no less important, projects include Nob Hill Court (1971), Pacific Point Condominiums (1972), the Greenwich Apartment (1978), the Margaret Hayward Playground Building (1978), the (unbuilt) Shown Winery (1986), and the Mr. and Mrs. Richard Goeglin Pool House and Sculpture (1988).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis relocated her office and residence to New York City in 1991. Willis founded in 1994 the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.architect.org\" title=\"Architectural Research Institute, Inc.\"\u003eArchitectural Research Institute, Inc.\u003c/extref\u003e (through which the Manhattan Village Academy was designed). In 2002, she founded the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.bwaf.org/\" title=\"Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation\"\u003eBeverly Willis Architecture Foundation\u003c/extref\u003e, and she presently (2008) serves as the foundation's president. Her work and community leadership have been widely published (see bibliography). She is a founding trustee of the National Building Museum (1975-present). The Beverly Willis Library is located at the National Building Museum.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eMuch of the information in the biography was culled from the biography written for Beverly Willis by Nicolai Ouroussoff and included in \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eInvisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture\u003c/title\u003e, published in 1997 by the National Building Museum, Washington, DC.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note","Source"],"bioghist_tesim":["Beverly Willis, FAIA Architect, artist, and writer, was one of perhaps three women architects in the United States to own her own sizeable architecture firm between 1958 and 1990 and the only woman in San Francisco, California, to have her own practice there for 17 years. Her book, Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture, published by the National Building Museum, describes her design philosophy.","She was the first woman appointed to the Building Research Advisory Board of the National Academy of Science, the first appointed to the Federal Construction Council, and its first woman chair. She was the first woman elected president of the American Institute of Architects, California Council; and the Golden Gate Chapter of Lambda Alpha Society.","Willis played a major role in the revitalization of San Francisco neighborhoods after World War II. She renovated commercial spaces in the Jackson Square area and Union Street, redesigned Glide Church, designed the San Francisco Ballet Building, and won an international competition to design the Yerba Buena Gardens development downtown.","Beverly Willis was born February 17, 1928, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Ralph William Willis, founder of the National Tool Company, and Margaret Elizabeth Porter, a nurse. She had one sibling, Ralph Gerald Willis. Both Willis and her brother were placed in an orphanage when their parents divorced in 1934.","Taking advantage of the increased opportunities available to women with the advent of World War II, Willis learned welding, riveting, electrical wiring, carpentry, and how to fly an airplane--skills that reflected the fiercely independent qualities that emerged in her personality when she was in the institutional environment of the orphanage. After the war, she enrolled in an aeronautical engineering program at Oregon State University, but withdrew after two years to work at a lithographer's studio. She then studied at the San Francisco Art Institute until relocating to Hawaii. In 1954 she received a B.A. in Fine Art from the University of Hawaii.","After graduation, Willis received a series of design commissions that led to her interest in architecture. Fueled by the friendship and ideas of entrepreneur Henry Kaiser, Willis returned to San Francisco in 1960 to open a firm that designed furniture and interiors for offices, created mixed-media art for clients that included United Airlines, and re-worked supermarket displays. Despite her rural sensibility, Willis began to immerse herself in urban designs. She found that her interests ran parallel to those of San Francisco architects like William Wurster and Joseph Esherick.","Willis' first major architectural project was the conversion of three Victorian buildings into a retail complex on Union Street in San Francisco. Her design, which proved a financial success almost immediately, influenced the renovation of the rest of the street between present-day Gough and Pierce streets.","Meeting the experience and education requirements of the California State Architectural Licensing Board in 1966, Willis became a licensed architect and the only woman in San Francisco with her own firm, Beverly Willis and Associates. This firm assumed a partnership with would-be principal architect David Coldoff that year, a partnership that lasted until 1980. Despite the heavy demands of her practice, Willis also found time to serve on the U.S. Government delegation to the United Nations conference on Habitat, become a trustee and founder of the National Building Museum in 1976, and serve as the President of the California Chapter of the National Institute of Architects in 1979.","Willis' interest in the issues that affect planning, population density, and land-use economics with respect to large-scale development manifested itself in the creation of the computer program CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970's. The software was developed by Willis with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen. With CARLA's completion and implementation, Willis and Associates became one of the first architectural firms to incorporate computers into the routine practices of design and land development.","Projects such as the prototype for the regional computer centers of the IRS and master-planning for a new town situated in Aliamanu Valley, Hawaii (1975), are good examples of her unique philosophy of design.","Throughout the 1970s, Willis' firm concentrated on large- scale housing and new-community planning and design. By espousing architecture of rural pragmatism and rooting it in ancient images and myths, Willis offered something new to the intellectual landscape of architectural design.","In 1997, the National Building Museum published Willis' book, Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture, in which she describes her buildings and design philosophy. In 1980, she was elected to the American Institute of Architects College of Fellows. In 1984, Willis received an honorary doctorate in Fine Arts from Mount Holyoke College.","By the early 1980s, Willis' design focus shifted to urban structures like the Yerba Buena Gardens redevelopment project (1980) and the San Francisco Ballet Association Building (1984). Smaller, but no less important, projects include Nob Hill Court (1971), Pacific Point Condominiums (1972), the Greenwich Apartment (1978), the Margaret Hayward Playground Building (1978), the (unbuilt) Shown Winery (1986), and the Mr. and Mrs. Richard Goeglin Pool House and Sculpture (1988).","Willis relocated her office and residence to New York City in 1991. Willis founded in 1994 the Architectural Research Institute, Inc. (through which the Manhattan Village Academy was designed). In 2002, she founded the Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, and she presently (2008) serves as the foundation's president. Her work and community leadership have been widely published (see bibliography). She is a founding trustee of the National Building Museum (1975-present). The Beverly Willis Library is located at the National Building Museum.","Much of the information in the biography was culled from the biography written for Beverly Willis by Nicolai Ouroussoff and included in Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture, published in 1997 by the National Building Museum, Washington, DC."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of the information in the scope and content note was taken from an independent appraisal of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General note"],"odd_tesim":["Some of the information in the scope and content note was taken from an independent appraisal of the collection."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA file-level \u003cextref href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/iawa/inventories/Willis/Willis.html\" title=\"inventory\"\u003einventory\u003c/extref\u003e of letter- and legal-size project records is available at the repository.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["A file-level inventory of letter- and legal-size project records is available at the repository."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, Ms1992-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, Ms1992-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the drawings in the Willis Papers were arranged and described before they were donated, and information about the arrangement of the collection was compiled in a searchable database that is available at the repository. Project records stored in record cartons have been inventoried and are included in the database and finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first accession, which was arranged and described by Laura Katz Smith in 1995, was combined with subsequent accessions in 2003. A finding aid describing the complete collection was created by Catherine G. OBrion in 2003, using descriptions of materials in the archives database that was donated with the bulk of the collection in 2000.\nThe 2004 and 2009 additions were arranged and described by Sherrie Bowser in 2012. The project index arrangement was also included at this time.  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The bulk of the drawings in the Willis Papers were arranged and described before they were donated, and information about the arrangement of the collection was compiled in a searchable database that is available at the repository. Project records stored in record cartons have been inventoried and are included in the database and finding aid.","The first accession, which was arranged and described by Laura Katz Smith in 1995, was combined with subsequent accessions in 2003. A finding aid describing the complete collection was created by Catherine G. OBrion in 2003, using descriptions of materials in the archives database that was donated with the bulk of the collection in 2000.\nThe 2004 and 2009 additions were arranged and described by Sherrie Bowser in 2012. The project index arrangement was also included at this time."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Beverly Willis Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The guide to the Beverly Willis Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Beverly Willis Architectural Collection span the years 1954 to 1999 and are comprised primarily of records documenting Willis' work as an architect in San Francisco between 1960 and 1990. The collection documents the application of computers to architectural design and land analysis, the development of CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970s, the history of twentieth-century urban planning, particularly in San Francisco; and the contribution of women to twentieth-century American architecture. Willis, a noted artist, photographer, teacher, and writer, employed the full range of visual arts and design skills to influence and guide architectural projects of major significance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection is comprised of Willis and Associates project files from the period 1960 to 1990. Projects range from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis; and records documenting the development of CARLA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject files are comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and- ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is a series documenting the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, in the 1970s. Beverly Willis was interested in issues that affected planning, population density, and land-use economics in relation to large-scale development. Along with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen, she developed a program that enabled architects, with the use of computers, to develop site plans and design techniques in a fraction of the time required by the old methodology. Records documenting the development of CARLA include computer tapes, correspondence, flow charts, memos, and Jochen Eigen's notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program in 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a series of Publications, Brochures, and Clippings, which includes biographical information on Willis, Miscellaneous Project Records, and a video of the Yerba Buena Gardents development.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe Professional Papers series consists of material relating to Willis' participation in professional life including a curriculum vitae and articles/books written by Willis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Office Records series consists of materials relating to the day-to-day operations of Willis and Associates including financial and administrative records, clippings, presentation materials, media creation, and publicity photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files contain the contents of two large binders containing publicity materials and newspaper and magazine clippings compiled by Willis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files contain the contents of two large binders containing publicity materials and newspaper and magazine clippings compiled by Willis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of financial records, memos, job notes, letters of transmittal, correspondence, and other financial records. An inventory of file folders for these boxes is available \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/iawa/inventories/Willis/Willis.html\" show=\"new\" title=\"Partial inventory\"\u003ehere\u003c/extref\u003e.\nNot arranged by project number or format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject Files span the period 1958 to 1998 and document projects ranging from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis, and sketches of unbuilt structures designed for writer Alex Haley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series is comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and-ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of entry into office suites in a concrete tilt-up building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster plan for grounds around entry, guard enclosure and fencing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign for an addition in rear of a commercial retail building in San Francisco.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign of apartment building. Unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for renovation of 560 Pacific Street office building in San Francisco. Converted from Barbary Coast whore house lodging.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for renovation and restoration of an 1855 one-room school house into a 3-bedroom residence in Volcano, California.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: A \"ghost town\" three hours from San Francisco, Volcano, California, was once home to 10,000 miners that worked the original mother-lode of the gold rush. When Willis first saw the deteriorating buildings in the early sixties, the town's one hundred residents survived on weekend tourist trade.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuilt in 1855, a one-room schoolhouse with boarded up bell tower and crumbling foundations was redesigned by Willis as her personal weekend retreat. Gutting the interior, Willis created a two-story living area in one half of the space, and stacked a master bedroom suite over a small kitchen and two bedrooms in the other half. The boys and girls restrooms were converted to half baths, and the original wood flooring was sanded and stained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe exterior was fully restored, including bell tower and stone foundations. A deck and swimming pool were added to the outdoor \"playground,\" a modern contrast to the original merry-go-round and chin-up bars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project included the design and creation of construction drawings and providing supervision for office building facade and lobby renovation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for office building lobby renovation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConceptual design for renovation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConceptual design for beautification of Union Street, including parking and street lighting and signage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterior design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign for new building that was not built because funds could not be raised.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitial site plan analysis of Jackson Square building types within the proposed historical district.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsulting for Cooperage new site investigation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterior Design for Julius Castle Restaurant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCreated customized floor plans and made design modifications suitable for classrooms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConceptual design and model. Unbuilt. (land sale corrupt)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContracts and Proposals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject required the architect to customize floor plans, make design modifications to standard mobile modular house and site multiple residences for Speedspace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for Diamond Heights Townhouses. Project filled a full block-area with common open space and children's play yards in the middle of the block.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSite study.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for a 48 unit apartment building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: Sited in downtown San Francisco, a major issue in the design of this 48 unit apartment complex was the need to create a quiet retreat sheltered from the noisy interference and potential dangers of urban life. An image of medieval cities with their protective walls was evoked in Willis' mind. At Nob Hill Court, the medieval wall becomes inhabitable space with a fortress-like facade. The building turns away from the threatening presence of the street to focus on a peaceful open air courtyard interior to the site. A two-story entry lobby with sweeping circular stair is carved from the parking garage that forms the base of the building and the private court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis transforms the issue of security into a sense of permanency by maximizing the plan and volume of the primary living space of each unit. Large windows flood the interior spaces with light; door and ceiling moldings provide rich details that offer a textural contrast with the plaster walls. Fireplaces, a traditional symbol of home, contribute to the ambiance of warmth and serenity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe facade of the building, reminiscent of a stone outcropping, is softened by the use of wood shingles. The mullioned patterns of the wood windows further reduce the scale, offering a degree of detail found in single-family homes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for minor renovation to Halsted's Funeral Home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for multi-family housing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for a multi-family housing development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for multi-family residences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecifications and Details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning and conceptual design for condominiums; unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for multi-family housing; unbuilt. CARLA project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for a multi-family housing development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers: special processing, EIR.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers; includes project information, reports, conceptual design, and loose drawings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContract file and expenses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for multi-family housing; unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvided design, construction drawings and supervision for retail store front.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign and construction drawings for the Internal Revenue Service. Expandable prototypical computer center building to be adapted and built on nine campuses. Unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: Designed by Willis in 1976 for the General Services Administration and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the project entailed the development of a prototypical computing center planned for construction on 9 regional complexes scattered throughout the United States. A totally flexible building, the hexagonal shape adapted easily to differing sites, the angular sides meshing with building configurations like a pinion and a wheel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapable of accommodating 1 to 4 levels, Willis' design incorporated energy conservation techniques, task and user-friendly lighting and work stations, and flexible distribution systems researched and developed as a portion of the design scope. The open-air courtyard at the center of the building increased the amount of natural light and air available to the occupants and provided a natural compliment to the technologically-driven building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlanning of computer applications within office of construction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for farm house.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for office building renovation to include architectural offices on 4th floor of 5 story building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning of multi-family housing and retail locations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for multi-family housing development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for a subdivision.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRenovation of a government office building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject Papers. Includes interior design requirements, product information, planning criteria for medical facilities, reports, job notes, and contracts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImplementation Plan for VA OAC Computer Application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnvironmental impact report for multi-family housing development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncoming correspondence, outgoing correspondence, memos, letters of transmittal, and job notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for multi-family housing development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnidentified project papers for a code analysis and feasibility study\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign; includes project papers for the Lippert/Haight St. Bar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnidentified project papers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign for the interior of wine tasting and retail rooms, and displays.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound volume, \"Energy Conservation Design Criteria,\" and project papers, which include incoming and outgoing correspondence, general correspondence, meeting minutes, process planning, Q-1, step sheets, letter of transmittal, weekly action list, and contract information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral correspondence and project papers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsulting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject scope included design, construction drawings and supervision for a free standing building for small children. Building part of a large park with many different facilities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: The Children's recreational Center at the Margaret Hayward Playground Park was designed and executed in 1982. Located in a modest-income neighborhood in San Francisco, California, the layer facade -- reminiscent of the segmented shell of an armadillo -- unfolds from the corner of the constrained site toward the outdoor play equipment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis designed the layers to act as theatrical backdrops, in an effort to encourage the children's imaginary performances and to allow for scalar shifts that accommodate both child and adult. A series of wide steps linking the playground and building entry create an impromptu thrust stage and child-sized seating area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApproximately 1,200 square feet of internal area accommodates the main recreational playroom, administrative offices and various support services.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo folders of general correspondence, a folder of project information, and a folder of unidentified materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers, including general correspondence, reference materials, a working drawing, details, a comparative feasibility study, and a conceptual estimate\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsulting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers for an interior renovation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvided design, construction drawings and supervision for renovation of 48 condominiums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsulting for a mixed-use development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnergy report and analysis and miscellaneous project papers that include pamphlets, books, and computer printouts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster plan for a new town of 100,000 people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: By 1986, Green Valley -- an 8,400 acre planned community in the Nevada desert that would eventually house 100,000 residents -- had undergone sufficient development to support a small town- like commercial center. A 75 acre site adjacent to the Green Valley parkway was proposed for the Center. Willis executed a conceptual master plan for the site to accommodate phased development as future growth occurred. To provide a sense of community, Willis' plan proposed a full complement of retail, commercial, multi-family residential, entertainment, and recreational facilities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGiven the physical discomfort entailed by the hot, arid climate, Willis incorporated environmental design strategies to minimize the unpleasant effects. Pedestrian arcades, towers with wind-catchers, moisturizing sprays, and landscaped \"greenwalls\" all served to reduce the effective daily temperature. As a focal point, Willis created a village green that fronted a four-plex cinema, an ice skating rink, and a variety of cafes and restaurants, providing a casual spill-over space for leisure activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEIR, Project Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStudy plan to determine feasibility to locate the Developer's Project Office in the existing Jesse Street Sub-station space, which was a former utility building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCreated a master plan and conducted conceptual design for 24 acres in downtown San Francisco. Project part of a redevelopment project called Yerba Buena - joint venture of Beverly Willis Architects and Zeidler- Roberts Partnership, Toronto, Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: Covering 24 acres--four city blocks--in downtown San Francisco, the Yerba Buena site was seen as a bridge that could extend the economic success of the financial and Union Street districts into the surrounding urban neighborhood ravaged by poorly conceived urban renewal projects. In 1980, the master plan put forth by the team of Beverly Willis Architects, Olympia \u0026amp; York, Ltd., the Marriott Corporation, and Zeidler-Roberts Partnership, Ltd. won an international competition for the site's development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsisting of 1,250,000 square feet of office space, a 1,500-room hotel, 250,000 square feet of retail, 350 apartments, and an exhibition and performance art complex, the master plan created transitions in scale, use, texture, access that seamlessly rewove the urban fabric into an integrated whole. Ground level components were reduced in size creating a comfortable pedestrian street-scape that negated the presence of the 'super block' towers. A series of open spaces, sited for maximum sunlight and minimal wind, further reduced the scale and offered a variety of outdoor environments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject entailed building design, construction drawings and construction supervision for a new 4 story, 96 foot-high building in San Francisco's Civic Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: In the design of the building for the San Francisco Ballet Association, Willis was preoccupied with how the design could reflect the total fabric of a dancer's life. Located in the city's Civic Center, the site for the modest project of some 65,000 feet was surrounded by such monumentally-scaled buildings as the Opera House, Symphony Hall, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and City Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo be compatible with the Civic Center's Neoclassical context, Willis used a tripartite horizontal ordering system derived from Renaissance principles on the facade. Breaking with classical tradition of symmetry, the entry was located on the corner, the curvilinear wall suggesting physical movement and offering a unique identity for the growing ballet company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs the dancers were required to spend six hours per day in the facility, the desire for natural light and outdoor air is reflected in the interior. In the large airy spaces visually accessible to the outdoors, Willis developed a mirror system to provide unbroken images of lifts and jumps, as well as a fluorescent lighting system free of the stroboscopic wavering that causes dizziness during practice. The building includes rehearsal, instructional, and administrative spaces along with food service, locker rooms, and lounges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers; include photographs, reference and planning materials, correspondence, transmittals, and project study\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree books\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvided design and construction drawings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeasibility study\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsulting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous project papers; include contracts, consultant records, and invoices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for equestrian center, including center design. Unbuilt (couldn't raise funds).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject to convert existing warehouse into an office building. Design and construction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign and construction drawing for converting a 1930s warehouse with neo-classical facade and building on top of it an additional seven floors of parking and office space. Unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRenovation, design, and construction drawings for the Abbey Rents' building conversion into retail shops.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsulting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConceptual design of residential condominiums around an equestrian center. Unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous project papers; include contracts, consultant records, and invoices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo books\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvided design and construction drawings for renovation and addition in order to create a mid-rise office building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject entailed executing feasibility study for addition to existing building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject entailed conducting massing studies to reconfigure an existing design for a new office tower. Unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers, including contacts, consultants, and invoices\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeasibility study for retail uses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConceptual massing project. Unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRenovation design and construction drawings for converting an existing building into an arts center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLobby, corridors and elevator renovation design and construction drawings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject included pen and ink mapping drawings of hotel site.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawing, and other project papers for a new, free standing, winery and storage caves utilizing passive energy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: Behind the form of the winery, the aging sheds and the terrace lie images of the traditions common to wine-making throughout the centuries. Willis transforms these historical images into crisp contemporary form through the use of geometry and the incorporation of natural materials that respond to the agrarian\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the main building of the winery, the facade of vertical grain redwoods are fitted together like the staves of an oak cask, held rigidly in place by two large steel bands encircling the building under a tern metal roof. The golden mean proportion that governs the scale and relationships of the design encompasses a cylindrical cupola at the winery roof. The warm air of the California day is drawn upward, escaping through the cupola's perimeter vents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo maintain the constant temperature required in the aging process, Willis designed the areas as \"caves\", determining through computer analysis the appropriate thermal mass for passive cooling. Supported by a timed intake fan rather than air conditioning, strict temperature criteria are met with reduced energy consumption.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision of entertainment center and pool house project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: In designing a pool house to be located on an old campsite of the Wappa Indians, Willis responded to the owners' desire to preserve a rumored burial mound by reinventing a bit of history. Nomadic gatherers and hunters, the Wappa tribe had left little evidence of their cultural traditions or imagery. Through the use of universal mythical images -- such as the sun, eagle and sky boat -- Willis recreated the spiritual journey of the ancient tribe in stucco bias relief on the pool-house facade and through the design of a memorial sun marker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLocated beside an existing swimming pool, the pool house was designed to accommodate casual pool-side entertaining as well as the functional necessities of showering and dressing, Willis used the golden section to generate all parts of the building form, modulating the two squares of the floor plan with a trace of the roof to derive three distinct spaces. In the vaulted center section, sliding doors are pocketed into the walls, dissolving the boundaries between pool and house.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign and construction drawings for renovation of a two-story house.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConceptual design for free standing building to be used as a fitness center. Unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers, including correspondence, research and notes, programs, contract, and invoices\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesigned, developed construction drawings and supervised construction for interior design of apartment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers, including fee negotiations and expenses, feasibility studies, contract, and invoices\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsulting on interior refurbishing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem labeled \"Book 2\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign Architect created innovative small school plan and introduced the Locus clustering concept.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: The focus of the River Run property consisted of two small knolls nestled side-by-side overlooking the flat valley land and the Napa River. Entered by way of a nineteenth century stone bridge, a working vineyard of Chardonnay grapes surrounds the knolls, the first of which houses the remodeled estate gate house. In the field between the knolls were two barns, one of which Willis remodeled as a stable with full tack room and grooming area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe farmhouse, imbued with the image of a Palladian villa, monumentally commands the second knoll along with a renovated guest house and pool. The grand semicircular staircase and the symmetrical facade contrast with the asymmetrical elements of the natural landscaping. The form of the portico recalls the colonnades of early Tuscany, their redwood material exuding a warmth not found in the stone and masonry of their historic counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interior of the house is comprised of four \"living centers\" -- the public reception and entertainment area, the food preparation and relaxation area, the more private library and study area, and the fully private sleeping and bath areas. Sharing fireplace with the master bedroom, the master bath has a view of the pool that links the guest and main houses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRenovation and restoration of a 5-story 1856 brownstone with cellar [townhouse], of approximately 3,500 square feet for a living-working space for Beverly Willis. (The house was remodeled ca. 1955 and the original detailing and many walls were removed at this time.) Budget, $350,000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject to renovate and convert warehouse into school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign and construction of wall table.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous brochures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series spans the period 1972-1978 and documents the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, by Beverly Willis, Eric Tiescholz, and Jochen Eigen. The system enabled architects to use computers to develop site plan design techniques more efficiently.\nIt contains computer paper drive tapes of software program versions, a computer-punched paper drive of CARLA original film, flowcharts, videotapes, rough material for CARLA videotape, articles about computer-assisted analysis and mapping systems, computer manuals, and memos. Also included are Jochen Eigen's 1974 notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Beverly Willis Architectural Collection span the years 1954 to 1999 and are comprised primarily of records documenting Willis' work as an architect in San Francisco between 1960 and 1990. The collection documents the application of computers to architectural design and land analysis, the development of CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970s, the history of twentieth-century urban planning, particularly in San Francisco; and the contribution of women to twentieth-century American architecture. Willis, a noted artist, photographer, teacher, and writer, employed the full range of visual arts and design skills to influence and guide architectural projects of major significance.","The bulk of the collection is comprised of Willis and Associates project files from the period 1960 to 1990. Projects range from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis; and records documenting the development of CARLA.","Project files are comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and- ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.","Also included is a series documenting the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, in the 1970s. Beverly Willis was interested in issues that affected planning, population density, and land-use economics in relation to large-scale development. Along with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen, she developed a program that enabled architects, with the use of computers, to develop site plans and design techniques in a fraction of the time required by the old methodology. Records documenting the development of CARLA include computer tapes, correspondence, flow charts, memos, and Jochen Eigen's notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program in 1974.","The collection also contains a series of Publications, Brochures, and Clippings, which includes biographical information on Willis, Miscellaneous Project Records, and a video of the Yerba Buena Gardents development.","The Professional Papers series consists of material relating to Willis' participation in professional life including a curriculum vitae and articles/books written by Willis.","The Office Records series consists of materials relating to the day-to-day operations of Willis and Associates including financial and administrative records, clippings, presentation materials, media creation, and publicity photographs.","These files contain the contents of two large binders containing publicity materials and newspaper and magazine clippings compiled by Willis.","These files contain the contents of two large binders containing publicity materials and newspaper and magazine clippings compiled by Willis.","This series is comprised of financial records, memos, job notes, letters of transmittal, correspondence, and other financial records. An inventory of file folders for these boxes is available here.\nNot arranged by project number or format.","Project Files span the period 1958 to 1998 and document projects ranging from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis, and sketches of unbuilt structures designed for writer Alex Haley.","The series is comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and-ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.","Drawing of entry into office suites in a concrete tilt-up building.","Master plan for grounds around entry, guard enclosure and fencing.","Design for an addition in rear of a commercial retail building in San Francisco.","Design of apartment building. Unbuilt.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for renovation of 560 Pacific Street office building in San Francisco. Converted from Barbary Coast whore house lodging.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for renovation and restoration of an 1855 one-room school house into a 3-bedroom residence in Volcano, California.","Extended Description: A \"ghost town\" three hours from San Francisco, Volcano, California, was once home to 10,000 miners that worked the original mother-lode of the gold rush. When Willis first saw the deteriorating buildings in the early sixties, the town's one hundred residents survived on weekend tourist trade.","Built in 1855, a one-room schoolhouse with boarded up bell tower and crumbling foundations was redesigned by Willis as her personal weekend retreat. Gutting the interior, Willis created a two-story living area in one half of the space, and stacked a master bedroom suite over a small kitchen and two bedrooms in the other half. The boys and girls restrooms were converted to half baths, and the original wood flooring was sanded and stained.","The exterior was fully restored, including bell tower and stone foundations. A deck and swimming pool were added to the outdoor \"playground,\" a modern contrast to the original merry-go-round and chin-up bars.","The project included the design and creation of construction drawings and providing supervision for office building facade and lobby renovation.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for office building lobby renovation.","Conceptual design for renovation.","Conceptual design for beautification of Union Street, including parking and street lighting and signage.","Interior design.","Design for new building that was not built because funds could not be raised.","Initial site plan analysis of Jackson Square building types within the proposed historical district.","Consulting for Cooperage new site investigation.","Interior Design for Julius Castle Restaurant.","Created customized floor plans and made design modifications suitable for classrooms.","Conceptual design and model. Unbuilt. (land sale corrupt)","Contracts and Proposals.","Project required the architect to customize floor plans, make design modifications to standard mobile modular house and site multiple residences for Speedspace.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for Diamond Heights Townhouses. Project filled a full block-area with common open space and children's play yards in the middle of the block.","Site study.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for a 48 unit apartment building.","Extended Description: Sited in downtown San Francisco, a major issue in the design of this 48 unit apartment complex was the need to create a quiet retreat sheltered from the noisy interference and potential dangers of urban life. An image of medieval cities with their protective walls was evoked in Willis' mind. At Nob Hill Court, the medieval wall becomes inhabitable space with a fortress-like facade. The building turns away from the threatening presence of the street to focus on a peaceful open air courtyard interior to the site. A two-story entry lobby with sweeping circular stair is carved from the parking garage that forms the base of the building and the private court.","Willis transforms the issue of security into a sense of permanency by maximizing the plan and volume of the primary living space of each unit. Large windows flood the interior spaces with light; door and ceiling moldings provide rich details that offer a textural contrast with the plaster walls. Fireplaces, a traditional symbol of home, contribute to the ambiance of warmth and serenity.","The facade of the building, reminiscent of a stone outcropping, is softened by the use of wood shingles. The mullioned patterns of the wood windows further reduce the scale, offering a degree of detail found in single-family homes.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for minor renovation to Halsted's Funeral Home.","Master planning for multi-family housing.","Master planning for a multi-family housing development.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for multi-family residences.","Specifications and Details.","Master planning and conceptual design for condominiums; unbuilt.","Master planning for multi-family housing; unbuilt. CARLA project.","Master planning for a multi-family housing development.","Project papers: special processing, EIR.","Project papers; includes project information, reports, conceptual design, and loose drawings.","Contract file and expenses.","Master planning for multi-family housing; unbuilt.","Provided design, construction drawings and supervision for retail store front.","Design and construction drawings for the Internal Revenue Service. Expandable prototypical computer center building to be adapted and built on nine campuses. Unbuilt.","Extended Description: Designed by Willis in 1976 for the General Services Administration and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the project entailed the development of a prototypical computing center planned for construction on 9 regional complexes scattered throughout the United States. A totally flexible building, the hexagonal shape adapted easily to differing sites, the angular sides meshing with building configurations like a pinion and a wheel.","Capable of accommodating 1 to 4 levels, Willis' design incorporated energy conservation techniques, task and user-friendly lighting and work stations, and flexible distribution systems researched and developed as a portion of the design scope. The open-air courtyard at the center of the building increased the amount of natural light and air available to the occupants and provided a natural compliment to the technologically-driven building.","Planning of computer applications within office of construction.","Master planning for farm house.","Master planning.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for office building renovation to include architectural offices on 4th floor of 5 story building.","General Correspondence.","Master planning of multi-family housing and retail locations.","Master planning for multi-family housing development.","Design.","General Correspondence.","Master planning.","Master planning for a subdivision.","Renovation of a government office building.","Project Papers. Includes interior design requirements, product information, planning criteria for medical facilities, reports, job notes, and contracts.","Implementation Plan for VA OAC Computer Application.","Environmental impact report for multi-family housing development.","Project Papers.","Incoming correspondence, outgoing correspondence, memos, letters of transmittal, and job notes","Master planning for multi-family housing development.","Unidentified project papers for a code analysis and feasibility study","Design; includes project papers for the Lippert/Haight St. Bar.","Unidentified project papers","Design for the interior of wine tasting and retail rooms, and displays.","Bound volume, \"Energy Conservation Design Criteria,\" and project papers, which include incoming and outgoing correspondence, general correspondence, meeting minutes, process planning, Q-1, step sheets, letter of transmittal, weekly action list, and contract information","General correspondence and project papers","Consulting.","Project scope included design, construction drawings and supervision for a free standing building for small children. Building part of a large park with many different facilities.","Extended Description: The Children's recreational Center at the Margaret Hayward Playground Park was designed and executed in 1982. Located in a modest-income neighborhood in San Francisco, California, the layer facade -- reminiscent of the segmented shell of an armadillo -- unfolds from the corner of the constrained site toward the outdoor play equipment.","Willis designed the layers to act as theatrical backdrops, in an effort to encourage the children's imaginary performances and to allow for scalar shifts that accommodate both child and adult. A series of wide steps linking the playground and building entry create an impromptu thrust stage and child-sized seating area.","Approximately 1,200 square feet of internal area accommodates the main recreational playroom, administrative offices and various support services.","Two folders of general correspondence, a folder of project information, and a folder of unidentified materials","General Correspondence","Design.","General Correspondence.","Master planning.","Project papers, including general correspondence, reference materials, a working drawing, details, a comparative feasibility study, and a conceptual estimate","Consulting.","Project papers for an interior renovation.","Project Papers.","Provided design, construction drawings and supervision for renovation of 48 condominiums.","Project Papers.","Consulting for a mixed-use development.","Energy report and analysis and miscellaneous project papers that include pamphlets, books, and computer printouts","Master plan for a new town of 100,000 people.","Extended Description: By 1986, Green Valley -- an 8,400 acre planned community in the Nevada desert that would eventually house 100,000 residents -- had undergone sufficient development to support a small town- like commercial center. A 75 acre site adjacent to the Green Valley parkway was proposed for the Center. Willis executed a conceptual master plan for the site to accommodate phased development as future growth occurred. To provide a sense of community, Willis' plan proposed a full complement of retail, commercial, multi-family residential, entertainment, and recreational facilities.","Given the physical discomfort entailed by the hot, arid climate, Willis incorporated environmental design strategies to minimize the unpleasant effects. Pedestrian arcades, towers with wind-catchers, moisturizing sprays, and landscaped \"greenwalls\" all served to reduce the effective daily temperature. As a focal point, Willis created a village green that fronted a four-plex cinema, an ice skating rink, and a variety of cafes and restaurants, providing a casual spill-over space for leisure activities.","EIR, Project Papers.","Study plan to determine feasibility to locate the Developer's Project Office in the existing Jesse Street Sub-station space, which was a former utility building.","Created a master plan and conducted conceptual design for 24 acres in downtown San Francisco. Project part of a redevelopment project called Yerba Buena - joint venture of Beverly Willis Architects and Zeidler- Roberts Partnership, Toronto, Canada.","Extended Description: Covering 24 acres--four city blocks--in downtown San Francisco, the Yerba Buena site was seen as a bridge that could extend the economic success of the financial and Union Street districts into the surrounding urban neighborhood ravaged by poorly conceived urban renewal projects. In 1980, the master plan put forth by the team of Beverly Willis Architects, Olympia \u0026 York, Ltd., the Marriott Corporation, and Zeidler-Roberts Partnership, Ltd. won an international competition for the site's development.","Consisting of 1,250,000 square feet of office space, a 1,500-room hotel, 250,000 square feet of retail, 350 apartments, and an exhibition and performance art complex, the master plan created transitions in scale, use, texture, access that seamlessly rewove the urban fabric into an integrated whole. Ground level components were reduced in size creating a comfortable pedestrian street-scape that negated the presence of the 'super block' towers. A series of open spaces, sited for maximum sunlight and minimal wind, further reduced the scale and offered a variety of outdoor environments.","Project entailed building design, construction drawings and construction supervision for a new 4 story, 96 foot-high building in San Francisco's Civic Center.","Extended Description: In the design of the building for the San Francisco Ballet Association, Willis was preoccupied with how the design could reflect the total fabric of a dancer's life. Located in the city's Civic Center, the site for the modest project of some 65,000 feet was surrounded by such monumentally-scaled buildings as the Opera House, Symphony Hall, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and City Hall.","To be compatible with the Civic Center's Neoclassical context, Willis used a tripartite horizontal ordering system derived from Renaissance principles on the facade. Breaking with classical tradition of symmetry, the entry was located on the corner, the curvilinear wall suggesting physical movement and offering a unique identity for the growing ballet company.","As the dancers were required to spend six hours per day in the facility, the desire for natural light and outdoor air is reflected in the interior. In the large airy spaces visually accessible to the outdoors, Willis developed a mirror system to provide unbroken images of lifts and jumps, as well as a fluorescent lighting system free of the stroboscopic wavering that causes dizziness during practice. The building includes rehearsal, instructional, and administrative spaces along with food service, locker rooms, and lounges.","Project papers; include photographs, reference and planning materials, correspondence, transmittals, and project study","Three books","Provided design and construction drawings","Feasibility study","Consulting.","Miscellaneous project papers; include contracts, consultant records, and invoices.","Master planning for equestrian center, including center design. Unbuilt (couldn't raise funds).","Project to convert existing warehouse into an office building. Design and construction.","Design and construction drawing for converting a 1930s warehouse with neo-classical facade and building on top of it an additional seven floors of parking and office space. Unbuilt.","Renovation, design, and construction drawings for the Abbey Rents' building conversion into retail shops.","Consulting.","Conceptual design of residential condominiums around an equestrian center. Unbuilt.","Miscellaneous project papers; include contracts, consultant records, and invoices.","Two books","Provided design and construction drawings for renovation and addition in order to create a mid-rise office building.","Project entailed executing feasibility study for addition to existing building.","Project entailed conducting massing studies to reconfigure an existing design for a new office tower. Unbuilt.","Project papers, including contacts, consultants, and invoices","Feasibility study for retail uses.","Conceptual massing project. Unbuilt.","Renovation design and construction drawings for converting an existing building into an arts center.","Lobby, corridors and elevator renovation design and construction drawings.","Project included pen and ink mapping drawings of hotel site.","Design, construction drawing, and other project papers for a new, free standing, winery and storage caves utilizing passive energy.","Extended Description: Behind the form of the winery, the aging sheds and the terrace lie images of the traditions common to wine-making throughout the centuries. Willis transforms these historical images into crisp contemporary form through the use of geometry and the incorporation of natural materials that respond to the agrarian","In the main building of the winery, the facade of vertical grain redwoods are fitted together like the staves of an oak cask, held rigidly in place by two large steel bands encircling the building under a tern metal roof. The golden mean proportion that governs the scale and relationships of the design encompasses a cylindrical cupola at the winery roof. The warm air of the California day is drawn upward, escaping through the cupola's perimeter vents.","To maintain the constant temperature required in the aging process, Willis designed the areas as \"caves\", determining through computer analysis the appropriate thermal mass for passive cooling. Supported by a timed intake fan rather than air conditioning, strict temperature criteria are met with reduced energy consumption.","Design, construction drawings and supervision of entertainment center and pool house project.","Extended Description: In designing a pool house to be located on an old campsite of the Wappa Indians, Willis responded to the owners' desire to preserve a rumored burial mound by reinventing a bit of history. Nomadic gatherers and hunters, the Wappa tribe had left little evidence of their cultural traditions or imagery. Through the use of universal mythical images -- such as the sun, eagle and sky boat -- Willis recreated the spiritual journey of the ancient tribe in stucco bias relief on the pool-house facade and through the design of a memorial sun marker.","Located beside an existing swimming pool, the pool house was designed to accommodate casual pool-side entertaining as well as the functional necessities of showering and dressing, Willis used the golden section to generate all parts of the building form, modulating the two squares of the floor plan with a trace of the roof to derive three distinct spaces. In the vaulted center section, sliding doors are pocketed into the walls, dissolving the boundaries between pool and house.","Design and construction drawings for renovation of a two-story house.","Conceptual design for free standing building to be used as a fitness center. Unbuilt.","Project papers, including correspondence, research and notes, programs, contract, and invoices","Designed, developed construction drawings and supervised construction for interior design of apartment.","Project papers, including fee negotiations and expenses, feasibility studies, contract, and invoices","Consulting on interior refurbishing.","Item labeled \"Book 2\"","Design Architect created innovative small school plan and introduced the Locus clustering concept.","Extended Description: The focus of the River Run property consisted of two small knolls nestled side-by-side overlooking the flat valley land and the Napa River. Entered by way of a nineteenth century stone bridge, a working vineyard of Chardonnay grapes surrounds the knolls, the first of which houses the remodeled estate gate house. In the field between the knolls were two barns, one of which Willis remodeled as a stable with full tack room and grooming area.","The farmhouse, imbued with the image of a Palladian villa, monumentally commands the second knoll along with a renovated guest house and pool. The grand semicircular staircase and the symmetrical facade contrast with the asymmetrical elements of the natural landscaping. The form of the portico recalls the colonnades of early Tuscany, their redwood material exuding a warmth not found in the stone and masonry of their historic counterparts.","The interior of the house is comprised of four \"living centers\" -- the public reception and entertainment area, the food preparation and relaxation area, the more private library and study area, and the fully private sleeping and bath areas. Sharing fireplace with the master bedroom, the master bath has a view of the pool that links the guest and main houses.","Renovation and restoration of a 5-story 1856 brownstone with cellar [townhouse], of approximately 3,500 square feet for a living-working space for Beverly Willis. (The house was remodeled ca. 1955 and the original detailing and many walls were removed at this time.) Budget, $350,000.","Project to renovate and convert warehouse into school.","Design and construction of wall table.","Miscellaneous brochures.","This series spans the period 1972-1978 and documents the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, by Beverly Willis, Eric Tiescholz, and Jochen Eigen. The system enabled architects to use computers to develop site plan design techniques more efficiently.\nIt contains computer paper drive tapes of software program versions, a computer-punched paper drive of CARLA original film, flowcharts, videotapes, rough material for CARLA videotape, articles about computer-assisted analysis and mapping systems, computer manuals, and memos. Also included are Jochen Eigen's 1974 notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_174a3dc5cc0f306ff98b4fcaecbf2059\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e Boxes 1-51 are located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Please note: Boxes 1-51 are located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections for more information."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates"],"names_coll_ssim":["Willis and Associates","Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"persname_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates","Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":212,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:46:21.925Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1898.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Willis, Beverly Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1954-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954/1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, 1954/1999"],"text":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, 1954/1999","Ms.1992.019","San Francisco (Calif.)","Architects and community","Housing -- United States","City planning","Architecture -- Computer-aided design","Women -- History","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)","Collection is open to research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","The collection has been arranged into a Project Index. which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged by project number and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.","A Summary of the Project Index.  is listed below.  Consult the Project Index.  for location information.","A Summary of the Project Index.  is listed below.  Consult the Project Index.  for location information.","Beverly Willis, FAIA Architect, artist, and writer, was one of perhaps three women architects in the United States to own her own sizeable architecture firm between 1958 and 1990 and the only woman in San Francisco, California, to have her own practice there for 17 years. Her book, Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture, published by the National Building Museum, describes her design philosophy.","She was the first woman appointed to the Building Research Advisory Board of the National Academy of Science, the first appointed to the Federal Construction Council, and its first woman chair. She was the first woman elected president of the American Institute of Architects, California Council; and the Golden Gate Chapter of Lambda Alpha Society.","Willis played a major role in the revitalization of San Francisco neighborhoods after World War II. She renovated commercial spaces in the Jackson Square area and Union Street, redesigned Glide Church, designed the San Francisco Ballet Building, and won an international competition to design the Yerba Buena Gardens development downtown.","Beverly Willis was born February 17, 1928, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Ralph William Willis, founder of the National Tool Company, and Margaret Elizabeth Porter, a nurse. She had one sibling, Ralph Gerald Willis. Both Willis and her brother were placed in an orphanage when their parents divorced in 1934.","Taking advantage of the increased opportunities available to women with the advent of World War II, Willis learned welding, riveting, electrical wiring, carpentry, and how to fly an airplane--skills that reflected the fiercely independent qualities that emerged in her personality when she was in the institutional environment of the orphanage. After the war, she enrolled in an aeronautical engineering program at Oregon State University, but withdrew after two years to work at a lithographer's studio. She then studied at the San Francisco Art Institute until relocating to Hawaii. In 1954 she received a B.A. in Fine Art from the University of Hawaii.","After graduation, Willis received a series of design commissions that led to her interest in architecture. Fueled by the friendship and ideas of entrepreneur Henry Kaiser, Willis returned to San Francisco in 1960 to open a firm that designed furniture and interiors for offices, created mixed-media art for clients that included United Airlines, and re-worked supermarket displays. Despite her rural sensibility, Willis began to immerse herself in urban designs. She found that her interests ran parallel to those of San Francisco architects like William Wurster and Joseph Esherick.","Willis' first major architectural project was the conversion of three Victorian buildings into a retail complex on Union Street in San Francisco. Her design, which proved a financial success almost immediately, influenced the renovation of the rest of the street between present-day Gough and Pierce streets.","Meeting the experience and education requirements of the California State Architectural Licensing Board in 1966, Willis became a licensed architect and the only woman in San Francisco with her own firm, Beverly Willis and Associates. This firm assumed a partnership with would-be principal architect David Coldoff that year, a partnership that lasted until 1980. Despite the heavy demands of her practice, Willis also found time to serve on the U.S. Government delegation to the United Nations conference on Habitat, become a trustee and founder of the National Building Museum in 1976, and serve as the President of the California Chapter of the National Institute of Architects in 1979.","Willis' interest in the issues that affect planning, population density, and land-use economics with respect to large-scale development manifested itself in the creation of the computer program CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970's. The software was developed by Willis with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen. With CARLA's completion and implementation, Willis and Associates became one of the first architectural firms to incorporate computers into the routine practices of design and land development.","Projects such as the prototype for the regional computer centers of the IRS and master-planning for a new town situated in Aliamanu Valley, Hawaii (1975), are good examples of her unique philosophy of design.","Throughout the 1970s, Willis' firm concentrated on large- scale housing and new-community planning and design. By espousing architecture of rural pragmatism and rooting it in ancient images and myths, Willis offered something new to the intellectual landscape of architectural design.","In 1997, the National Building Museum published Willis' book, Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture, in which she describes her buildings and design philosophy. In 1980, she was elected to the American Institute of Architects College of Fellows. In 1984, Willis received an honorary doctorate in Fine Arts from Mount Holyoke College.","By the early 1980s, Willis' design focus shifted to urban structures like the Yerba Buena Gardens redevelopment project (1980) and the San Francisco Ballet Association Building (1984). Smaller, but no less important, projects include Nob Hill Court (1971), Pacific Point Condominiums (1972), the Greenwich Apartment (1978), the Margaret Hayward Playground Building (1978), the (unbuilt) Shown Winery (1986), and the Mr. and Mrs. Richard Goeglin Pool House and Sculpture (1988).","Willis relocated her office and residence to New York City in 1991. Willis founded in 1994 the Architectural Research Institute, Inc. (through which the Manhattan Village Academy was designed). In 2002, she founded the Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, and she presently (2008) serves as the foundation's president. Her work and community leadership have been widely published (see bibliography). She is a founding trustee of the National Building Museum (1975-present). The Beverly Willis Library is located at the National Building Museum.","Much of the information in the biography was culled from the biography written for Beverly Willis by Nicolai Ouroussoff and included in Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture, published in 1997 by the National Building Museum, Washington, DC.","Some of the information in the scope and content note was taken from an independent appraisal of the collection.","The bulk of the drawings in the Willis Papers were arranged and described before they were donated, and information about the arrangement of the collection was compiled in a searchable database that is available at the repository. Project records stored in record cartons have been inventoried and are included in the database and finding aid.","The first accession, which was arranged and described by Laura Katz Smith in 1995, was combined with subsequent accessions in 2003. A finding aid describing the complete collection was created by Catherine G. OBrion in 2003, using descriptions of materials in the archives database that was donated with the bulk of the collection in 2000.\nThe 2004 and 2009 additions were arranged and described by Sherrie Bowser in 2012. The project index arrangement was also included at this time.","The guide to the Beverly Willis Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The Beverly Willis Architectural Collection span the years 1954 to 1999 and are comprised primarily of records documenting Willis' work as an architect in San Francisco between 1960 and 1990. The collection documents the application of computers to architectural design and land analysis, the development of CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970s, the history of twentieth-century urban planning, particularly in San Francisco; and the contribution of women to twentieth-century American architecture. Willis, a noted artist, photographer, teacher, and writer, employed the full range of visual arts and design skills to influence and guide architectural projects of major significance.","The bulk of the collection is comprised of Willis and Associates project files from the period 1960 to 1990. Projects range from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis; and records documenting the development of CARLA.","Project files are comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and- ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.","Also included is a series documenting the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, in the 1970s. Beverly Willis was interested in issues that affected planning, population density, and land-use economics in relation to large-scale development. Along with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen, she developed a program that enabled architects, with the use of computers, to develop site plans and design techniques in a fraction of the time required by the old methodology. Records documenting the development of CARLA include computer tapes, correspondence, flow charts, memos, and Jochen Eigen's notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program in 1974.","The collection also contains a series of Publications, Brochures, and Clippings, which includes biographical information on Willis, Miscellaneous Project Records, and a video of the Yerba Buena Gardents development.","The Professional Papers series consists of material relating to Willis' participation in professional life including a curriculum vitae and articles/books written by Willis.","The Office Records series consists of materials relating to the day-to-day operations of Willis and Associates including financial and administrative records, clippings, presentation materials, media creation, and publicity photographs.","These files contain the contents of two large binders containing publicity materials and newspaper and magazine clippings compiled by Willis.","These files contain the contents of two large binders containing publicity materials and newspaper and magazine clippings compiled by Willis.","This series is comprised of financial records, memos, job notes, letters of transmittal, correspondence, and other financial records. An inventory of file folders for these boxes is available here.\nNot arranged by project number or format.","Project Files span the period 1958 to 1998 and document projects ranging from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis, and sketches of unbuilt structures designed for writer Alex Haley.","The series is comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and-ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.","Drawing of entry into office suites in a concrete tilt-up building.","Master plan for grounds around entry, guard enclosure and fencing.","Design for an addition in rear of a commercial retail building in San Francisco.","Design of apartment building. Unbuilt.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for renovation of 560 Pacific Street office building in San Francisco. Converted from Barbary Coast whore house lodging.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for renovation and restoration of an 1855 one-room school house into a 3-bedroom residence in Volcano, California.","Extended Description: A \"ghost town\" three hours from San Francisco, Volcano, California, was once home to 10,000 miners that worked the original mother-lode of the gold rush. When Willis first saw the deteriorating buildings in the early sixties, the town's one hundred residents survived on weekend tourist trade.","Built in 1855, a one-room schoolhouse with boarded up bell tower and crumbling foundations was redesigned by Willis as her personal weekend retreat. Gutting the interior, Willis created a two-story living area in one half of the space, and stacked a master bedroom suite over a small kitchen and two bedrooms in the other half. The boys and girls restrooms were converted to half baths, and the original wood flooring was sanded and stained.","The exterior was fully restored, including bell tower and stone foundations. A deck and swimming pool were added to the outdoor \"playground,\" a modern contrast to the original merry-go-round and chin-up bars.","The project included the design and creation of construction drawings and providing supervision for office building facade and lobby renovation.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for office building lobby renovation.","Conceptual design for renovation.","Conceptual design for beautification of Union Street, including parking and street lighting and signage.","Interior design.","Design for new building that was not built because funds could not be raised.","Initial site plan analysis of Jackson Square building types within the proposed historical district.","Consulting for Cooperage new site investigation.","Interior Design for Julius Castle Restaurant.","Created customized floor plans and made design modifications suitable for classrooms.","Conceptual design and model. Unbuilt. (land sale corrupt)","Contracts and Proposals.","Project required the architect to customize floor plans, make design modifications to standard mobile modular house and site multiple residences for Speedspace.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for Diamond Heights Townhouses. Project filled a full block-area with common open space and children's play yards in the middle of the block.","Site study.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for a 48 unit apartment building.","Extended Description: Sited in downtown San Francisco, a major issue in the design of this 48 unit apartment complex was the need to create a quiet retreat sheltered from the noisy interference and potential dangers of urban life. An image of medieval cities with their protective walls was evoked in Willis' mind. At Nob Hill Court, the medieval wall becomes inhabitable space with a fortress-like facade. The building turns away from the threatening presence of the street to focus on a peaceful open air courtyard interior to the site. A two-story entry lobby with sweeping circular stair is carved from the parking garage that forms the base of the building and the private court.","Willis transforms the issue of security into a sense of permanency by maximizing the plan and volume of the primary living space of each unit. Large windows flood the interior spaces with light; door and ceiling moldings provide rich details that offer a textural contrast with the plaster walls. Fireplaces, a traditional symbol of home, contribute to the ambiance of warmth and serenity.","The facade of the building, reminiscent of a stone outcropping, is softened by the use of wood shingles. The mullioned patterns of the wood windows further reduce the scale, offering a degree of detail found in single-family homes.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for minor renovation to Halsted's Funeral Home.","Master planning for multi-family housing.","Master planning for a multi-family housing development.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for multi-family residences.","Specifications and Details.","Master planning and conceptual design for condominiums; unbuilt.","Master planning for multi-family housing; unbuilt. CARLA project.","Master planning for a multi-family housing development.","Project papers: special processing, EIR.","Project papers; includes project information, reports, conceptual design, and loose drawings.","Contract file and expenses.","Master planning for multi-family housing; unbuilt.","Provided design, construction drawings and supervision for retail store front.","Design and construction drawings for the Internal Revenue Service. Expandable prototypical computer center building to be adapted and built on nine campuses. Unbuilt.","Extended Description: Designed by Willis in 1976 for the General Services Administration and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the project entailed the development of a prototypical computing center planned for construction on 9 regional complexes scattered throughout the United States. A totally flexible building, the hexagonal shape adapted easily to differing sites, the angular sides meshing with building configurations like a pinion and a wheel.","Capable of accommodating 1 to 4 levels, Willis' design incorporated energy conservation techniques, task and user-friendly lighting and work stations, and flexible distribution systems researched and developed as a portion of the design scope. The open-air courtyard at the center of the building increased the amount of natural light and air available to the occupants and provided a natural compliment to the technologically-driven building.","Planning of computer applications within office of construction.","Master planning for farm house.","Master planning.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for office building renovation to include architectural offices on 4th floor of 5 story building.","General Correspondence.","Master planning of multi-family housing and retail locations.","Master planning for multi-family housing development.","Design.","General Correspondence.","Master planning.","Master planning for a subdivision.","Renovation of a government office building.","Project Papers. Includes interior design requirements, product information, planning criteria for medical facilities, reports, job notes, and contracts.","Implementation Plan for VA OAC Computer Application.","Environmental impact report for multi-family housing development.","Project Papers.","Incoming correspondence, outgoing correspondence, memos, letters of transmittal, and job notes","Master planning for multi-family housing development.","Unidentified project papers for a code analysis and feasibility study","Design; includes project papers for the Lippert/Haight St. Bar.","Unidentified project papers","Design for the interior of wine tasting and retail rooms, and displays.","Bound volume, \"Energy Conservation Design Criteria,\" and project papers, which include incoming and outgoing correspondence, general correspondence, meeting minutes, process planning, Q-1, step sheets, letter of transmittal, weekly action list, and contract information","General correspondence and project papers","Consulting.","Project scope included design, construction drawings and supervision for a free standing building for small children. Building part of a large park with many different facilities.","Extended Description: The Children's recreational Center at the Margaret Hayward Playground Park was designed and executed in 1982. Located in a modest-income neighborhood in San Francisco, California, the layer facade -- reminiscent of the segmented shell of an armadillo -- unfolds from the corner of the constrained site toward the outdoor play equipment.","Willis designed the layers to act as theatrical backdrops, in an effort to encourage the children's imaginary performances and to allow for scalar shifts that accommodate both child and adult. A series of wide steps linking the playground and building entry create an impromptu thrust stage and child-sized seating area.","Approximately 1,200 square feet of internal area accommodates the main recreational playroom, administrative offices and various support services.","Two folders of general correspondence, a folder of project information, and a folder of unidentified materials","General Correspondence","Design.","General Correspondence.","Master planning.","Project papers, including general correspondence, reference materials, a working drawing, details, a comparative feasibility study, and a conceptual estimate","Consulting.","Project papers for an interior renovation.","Project Papers.","Provided design, construction drawings and supervision for renovation of 48 condominiums.","Project Papers.","Consulting for a mixed-use development.","Energy report and analysis and miscellaneous project papers that include pamphlets, books, and computer printouts","Master plan for a new town of 100,000 people.","Extended Description: By 1986, Green Valley -- an 8,400 acre planned community in the Nevada desert that would eventually house 100,000 residents -- had undergone sufficient development to support a small town- like commercial center. A 75 acre site adjacent to the Green Valley parkway was proposed for the Center. Willis executed a conceptual master plan for the site to accommodate phased development as future growth occurred. To provide a sense of community, Willis' plan proposed a full complement of retail, commercial, multi-family residential, entertainment, and recreational facilities.","Given the physical discomfort entailed by the hot, arid climate, Willis incorporated environmental design strategies to minimize the unpleasant effects. Pedestrian arcades, towers with wind-catchers, moisturizing sprays, and landscaped \"greenwalls\" all served to reduce the effective daily temperature. As a focal point, Willis created a village green that fronted a four-plex cinema, an ice skating rink, and a variety of cafes and restaurants, providing a casual spill-over space for leisure activities.","EIR, Project Papers.","Study plan to determine feasibility to locate the Developer's Project Office in the existing Jesse Street Sub-station space, which was a former utility building.","Created a master plan and conducted conceptual design for 24 acres in downtown San Francisco. Project part of a redevelopment project called Yerba Buena - joint venture of Beverly Willis Architects and Zeidler- Roberts Partnership, Toronto, Canada.","Extended Description: Covering 24 acres--four city blocks--in downtown San Francisco, the Yerba Buena site was seen as a bridge that could extend the economic success of the financial and Union Street districts into the surrounding urban neighborhood ravaged by poorly conceived urban renewal projects. In 1980, the master plan put forth by the team of Beverly Willis Architects, Olympia \u0026 York, Ltd., the Marriott Corporation, and Zeidler-Roberts Partnership, Ltd. won an international competition for the site's development.","Consisting of 1,250,000 square feet of office space, a 1,500-room hotel, 250,000 square feet of retail, 350 apartments, and an exhibition and performance art complex, the master plan created transitions in scale, use, texture, access that seamlessly rewove the urban fabric into an integrated whole. Ground level components were reduced in size creating a comfortable pedestrian street-scape that negated the presence of the 'super block' towers. A series of open spaces, sited for maximum sunlight and minimal wind, further reduced the scale and offered a variety of outdoor environments.","Project entailed building design, construction drawings and construction supervision for a new 4 story, 96 foot-high building in San Francisco's Civic Center.","Extended Description: In the design of the building for the San Francisco Ballet Association, Willis was preoccupied with how the design could reflect the total fabric of a dancer's life. Located in the city's Civic Center, the site for the modest project of some 65,000 feet was surrounded by such monumentally-scaled buildings as the Opera House, Symphony Hall, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and City Hall.","To be compatible with the Civic Center's Neoclassical context, Willis used a tripartite horizontal ordering system derived from Renaissance principles on the facade. Breaking with classical tradition of symmetry, the entry was located on the corner, the curvilinear wall suggesting physical movement and offering a unique identity for the growing ballet company.","As the dancers were required to spend six hours per day in the facility, the desire for natural light and outdoor air is reflected in the interior. In the large airy spaces visually accessible to the outdoors, Willis developed a mirror system to provide unbroken images of lifts and jumps, as well as a fluorescent lighting system free of the stroboscopic wavering that causes dizziness during practice. The building includes rehearsal, instructional, and administrative spaces along with food service, locker rooms, and lounges.","Project papers; include photographs, reference and planning materials, correspondence, transmittals, and project study","Three books","Provided design and construction drawings","Feasibility study","Consulting.","Miscellaneous project papers; include contracts, consultant records, and invoices.","Master planning for equestrian center, including center design. Unbuilt (couldn't raise funds).","Project to convert existing warehouse into an office building. Design and construction.","Design and construction drawing for converting a 1930s warehouse with neo-classical facade and building on top of it an additional seven floors of parking and office space. Unbuilt.","Renovation, design, and construction drawings for the Abbey Rents' building conversion into retail shops.","Consulting.","Conceptual design of residential condominiums around an equestrian center. Unbuilt.","Miscellaneous project papers; include contracts, consultant records, and invoices.","Two books","Provided design and construction drawings for renovation and addition in order to create a mid-rise office building.","Project entailed executing feasibility study for addition to existing building.","Project entailed conducting massing studies to reconfigure an existing design for a new office tower. Unbuilt.","Project papers, including contacts, consultants, and invoices","Feasibility study for retail uses.","Conceptual massing project. Unbuilt.","Renovation design and construction drawings for converting an existing building into an arts center.","Lobby, corridors and elevator renovation design and construction drawings.","Project included pen and ink mapping drawings of hotel site.","Design, construction drawing, and other project papers for a new, free standing, winery and storage caves utilizing passive energy.","Extended Description: Behind the form of the winery, the aging sheds and the terrace lie images of the traditions common to wine-making throughout the centuries. Willis transforms these historical images into crisp contemporary form through the use of geometry and the incorporation of natural materials that respond to the agrarian","In the main building of the winery, the facade of vertical grain redwoods are fitted together like the staves of an oak cask, held rigidly in place by two large steel bands encircling the building under a tern metal roof. The golden mean proportion that governs the scale and relationships of the design encompasses a cylindrical cupola at the winery roof. The warm air of the California day is drawn upward, escaping through the cupola's perimeter vents.","To maintain the constant temperature required in the aging process, Willis designed the areas as \"caves\", determining through computer analysis the appropriate thermal mass for passive cooling. Supported by a timed intake fan rather than air conditioning, strict temperature criteria are met with reduced energy consumption.","Design, construction drawings and supervision of entertainment center and pool house project.","Extended Description: In designing a pool house to be located on an old campsite of the Wappa Indians, Willis responded to the owners' desire to preserve a rumored burial mound by reinventing a bit of history. Nomadic gatherers and hunters, the Wappa tribe had left little evidence of their cultural traditions or imagery. Through the use of universal mythical images -- such as the sun, eagle and sky boat -- Willis recreated the spiritual journey of the ancient tribe in stucco bias relief on the pool-house facade and through the design of a memorial sun marker.","Located beside an existing swimming pool, the pool house was designed to accommodate casual pool-side entertaining as well as the functional necessities of showering and dressing, Willis used the golden section to generate all parts of the building form, modulating the two squares of the floor plan with a trace of the roof to derive three distinct spaces. In the vaulted center section, sliding doors are pocketed into the walls, dissolving the boundaries between pool and house.","Design and construction drawings for renovation of a two-story house.","Conceptual design for free standing building to be used as a fitness center. Unbuilt.","Project papers, including correspondence, research and notes, programs, contract, and invoices","Designed, developed construction drawings and supervised construction for interior design of apartment.","Project papers, including fee negotiations and expenses, feasibility studies, contract, and invoices","Consulting on interior refurbishing.","Item labeled \"Book 2\"","Design Architect created innovative small school plan and introduced the Locus clustering concept.","Extended Description: The focus of the River Run property consisted of two small knolls nestled side-by-side overlooking the flat valley land and the Napa River. Entered by way of a nineteenth century stone bridge, a working vineyard of Chardonnay grapes surrounds the knolls, the first of which houses the remodeled estate gate house. In the field between the knolls were two barns, one of which Willis remodeled as a stable with full tack room and grooming area.","The farmhouse, imbued with the image of a Palladian villa, monumentally commands the second knoll along with a renovated guest house and pool. The grand semicircular staircase and the symmetrical facade contrast with the asymmetrical elements of the natural landscaping. The form of the portico recalls the colonnades of early Tuscany, their redwood material exuding a warmth not found in the stone and masonry of their historic counterparts.","The interior of the house is comprised of four \"living centers\" -- the public reception and entertainment area, the food preparation and relaxation area, the more private library and study area, and the fully private sleeping and bath areas. Sharing fireplace with the master bedroom, the master bath has a view of the pool that links the guest and main houses.","Renovation and restoration of a 5-story 1856 brownstone with cellar [townhouse], of approximately 3,500 square feet for a living-working space for Beverly Willis. (The house was remodeled ca. 1955 and the original detailing and many walls were removed at this time.) Budget, $350,000.","Project to renovate and convert warehouse into school.","Design and construction of wall table.","Miscellaneous brochures.","This series spans the period 1972-1978 and documents the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, by Beverly Willis, Eric Tiescholz, and Jochen Eigen. The system enabled architects to use computers to develop site plan design techniques more efficiently.\nIt contains computer paper drive tapes of software program versions, a computer-punched paper drive of CARLA original film, flowcharts, videotapes, rough material for CARLA videotape, articles about computer-assisted analysis and mapping systems, computer manuals, and memos. Also included are Jochen Eigen's 1974 notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Please note: Boxes 1-51 are located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates","Willis, Beverly, 1928-","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, 1954/1999"],"collection_ssim":["Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, 1954/1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1992.019"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1992.019"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["San Francisco (Calif.)"],"geogname_ssim":["San Francisco (Calif.)"],"places_ssim":["San Francisco (Calif.)"],"creator_ssm":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"creator_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates"],"creators_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Beverly Willis donated samples of her designs to Virginia Tech in 1992. This gift was followed, in 2000, with a donation of the bulk of the records and designs from her architectural career.  Additional small accessions arrived in 2004 and 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architects and community","Housing -- United States","City planning","Architecture -- Computer-aided design","Women -- History","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architects and community","Housing -- United States","City planning","Architecture -- Computer-aided design","Women -- History","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["100 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["100 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/225\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged into a \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged by project number and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Summary of the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  is listed below.  Consult the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  for location information.  \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eA Summary of the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  is listed below.  Consult the \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/assets/documents/iawa/Ms1992-019pi.xls\" show=\"new\" title=\"Project Index\"\u003eProject Index.\u003c/extref\u003e  for location information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged into a Project Index. which is a way to organize the various formats of architectural records from the same project. The index is arranged by project number and contains information, where available, about the location, date, project type, architect, collaborators, and formats for each project in the collection.","A Summary of the Project Index.  is listed below.  Consult the Project Index.  for location information.","A Summary of the Project Index.  is listed below.  Consult the Project Index.  for location information."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBeverly Willis, FAIA Architect, artist, and writer, was one of perhaps three women architects in the United States to own her own sizeable architecture firm between 1958 and 1990 and the only woman in San Francisco, California, to have her own practice there for 17 years. Her book, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eInvisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,\u003c/title\u003e published by the National Building Museum, describes her design philosophy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe was the first woman appointed to the Building Research Advisory Board of the National Academy of Science, the first appointed to the Federal Construction Council, and its first woman chair. She was the first woman elected president of the American Institute of Architects, California Council; and the Golden Gate Chapter of Lambda Alpha Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis played a major role in the revitalization of San Francisco neighborhoods after World War II. She renovated commercial spaces in the Jackson Square area and Union Street, redesigned Glide Church, designed the San Francisco Ballet Building, and won an international competition to design the Yerba Buena Gardens development downtown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeverly Willis was born February 17, 1928, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Ralph William Willis, founder of the National Tool Company, and Margaret Elizabeth Porter, a nurse. She had one sibling, Ralph Gerald Willis. Both Willis and her brother were placed in an orphanage when their parents divorced in 1934.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTaking advantage of the increased opportunities available to women with the advent of World War II, Willis learned welding, riveting, electrical wiring, carpentry, and how to fly an airplane--skills that reflected the fiercely independent qualities that emerged in her personality when she was in the institutional environment of the orphanage. After the war, she enrolled in an aeronautical engineering program at Oregon State University, but withdrew after two years to work at a lithographer's studio. She then studied at the San Francisco Art Institute until relocating to Hawaii. In 1954 she received a B.A. in Fine Art from the University of Hawaii.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduation, Willis received a series of design commissions that led to her interest in architecture. Fueled by the friendship and ideas of entrepreneur Henry Kaiser, Willis returned to San Francisco in 1960 to open a firm that designed furniture and interiors for offices, created mixed-media art for clients that included United Airlines, and re-worked supermarket displays. Despite her rural sensibility, Willis began to immerse herself in urban designs. She found that her interests ran parallel to those of San Francisco architects like William Wurster and Joseph Esherick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis' first major architectural project was the conversion of three Victorian buildings into a retail complex on Union Street in San Francisco. Her design, which proved a financial success almost immediately, influenced the renovation of the rest of the street between present-day Gough and Pierce streets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMeeting the experience and education requirements of the California State Architectural Licensing Board in 1966, Willis became a licensed architect and the only woman in San Francisco with her own firm, Beverly Willis and Associates. This firm assumed a partnership with would-be principal architect David Coldoff that year, a partnership that lasted until 1980. Despite the heavy demands of her practice, Willis also found time to serve on the U.S. Government delegation to the United Nations conference on Habitat, become a trustee and founder of the National Building Museum in 1976, and serve as the President of the California Chapter of the National Institute of Architects in 1979.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis' interest in the issues that affect planning, population density, and land-use economics with respect to large-scale development manifested itself in the creation of the computer program CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970's. The software was developed by Willis with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen. With CARLA's completion and implementation, Willis and Associates became one of the first architectural firms to incorporate computers into the routine practices of design and land development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProjects such as the prototype for the regional computer centers of the IRS and master-planning for a new town situated in Aliamanu Valley, Hawaii (1975), are good examples of her unique philosophy of design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the 1970s, Willis' firm concentrated on large- scale housing and new-community planning and design. By espousing architecture of rural pragmatism and rooting it in ancient images and myths, Willis offered something new to the intellectual landscape of architectural design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1997, the National Building Museum published Willis' book, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eInvisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture,\u003c/title\u003e in which she describes her buildings and design philosophy. In 1980, she was elected to the American Institute of Architects College of Fellows. In 1984, Willis received an honorary doctorate in Fine Arts from Mount Holyoke College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy the early 1980s, Willis' design focus shifted to urban structures like the Yerba Buena Gardens redevelopment project (1980) and the San Francisco Ballet Association Building (1984). Smaller, but no less important, projects include Nob Hill Court (1971), Pacific Point Condominiums (1972), the Greenwich Apartment (1978), the Margaret Hayward Playground Building (1978), the (unbuilt) Shown Winery (1986), and the Mr. and Mrs. Richard Goeglin Pool House and Sculpture (1988).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis relocated her office and residence to New York City in 1991. Willis founded in 1994 the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.architect.org\" title=\"Architectural Research Institute, Inc.\"\u003eArchitectural Research Institute, Inc.\u003c/extref\u003e (through which the Manhattan Village Academy was designed). In 2002, she founded the \u003cextref href=\"http://www.bwaf.org/\" title=\"Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation\"\u003eBeverly Willis Architecture Foundation\u003c/extref\u003e, and she presently (2008) serves as the foundation's president. Her work and community leadership have been widely published (see bibliography). She is a founding trustee of the National Building Museum (1975-present). The Beverly Willis Library is located at the National Building Museum.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eMuch of the information in the biography was culled from the biography written for Beverly Willis by Nicolai Ouroussoff and included in \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eInvisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture\u003c/title\u003e, published in 1997 by the National Building Museum, Washington, DC.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note","Source"],"bioghist_tesim":["Beverly Willis, FAIA Architect, artist, and writer, was one of perhaps three women architects in the United States to own her own sizeable architecture firm between 1958 and 1990 and the only woman in San Francisco, California, to have her own practice there for 17 years. Her book, Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture, published by the National Building Museum, describes her design philosophy.","She was the first woman appointed to the Building Research Advisory Board of the National Academy of Science, the first appointed to the Federal Construction Council, and its first woman chair. She was the first woman elected president of the American Institute of Architects, California Council; and the Golden Gate Chapter of Lambda Alpha Society.","Willis played a major role in the revitalization of San Francisco neighborhoods after World War II. She renovated commercial spaces in the Jackson Square area and Union Street, redesigned Glide Church, designed the San Francisco Ballet Building, and won an international competition to design the Yerba Buena Gardens development downtown.","Beverly Willis was born February 17, 1928, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to Ralph William Willis, founder of the National Tool Company, and Margaret Elizabeth Porter, a nurse. She had one sibling, Ralph Gerald Willis. Both Willis and her brother were placed in an orphanage when their parents divorced in 1934.","Taking advantage of the increased opportunities available to women with the advent of World War II, Willis learned welding, riveting, electrical wiring, carpentry, and how to fly an airplane--skills that reflected the fiercely independent qualities that emerged in her personality when she was in the institutional environment of the orphanage. After the war, she enrolled in an aeronautical engineering program at Oregon State University, but withdrew after two years to work at a lithographer's studio. She then studied at the San Francisco Art Institute until relocating to Hawaii. In 1954 she received a B.A. in Fine Art from the University of Hawaii.","After graduation, Willis received a series of design commissions that led to her interest in architecture. Fueled by the friendship and ideas of entrepreneur Henry Kaiser, Willis returned to San Francisco in 1960 to open a firm that designed furniture and interiors for offices, created mixed-media art for clients that included United Airlines, and re-worked supermarket displays. Despite her rural sensibility, Willis began to immerse herself in urban designs. She found that her interests ran parallel to those of San Francisco architects like William Wurster and Joseph Esherick.","Willis' first major architectural project was the conversion of three Victorian buildings into a retail complex on Union Street in San Francisco. Her design, which proved a financial success almost immediately, influenced the renovation of the rest of the street between present-day Gough and Pierce streets.","Meeting the experience and education requirements of the California State Architectural Licensing Board in 1966, Willis became a licensed architect and the only woman in San Francisco with her own firm, Beverly Willis and Associates. This firm assumed a partnership with would-be principal architect David Coldoff that year, a partnership that lasted until 1980. Despite the heavy demands of her practice, Willis also found time to serve on the U.S. Government delegation to the United Nations conference on Habitat, become a trustee and founder of the National Building Museum in 1976, and serve as the President of the California Chapter of the National Institute of Architects in 1979.","Willis' interest in the issues that affect planning, population density, and land-use economics with respect to large-scale development manifested itself in the creation of the computer program CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970's. The software was developed by Willis with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen. With CARLA's completion and implementation, Willis and Associates became one of the first architectural firms to incorporate computers into the routine practices of design and land development.","Projects such as the prototype for the regional computer centers of the IRS and master-planning for a new town situated in Aliamanu Valley, Hawaii (1975), are good examples of her unique philosophy of design.","Throughout the 1970s, Willis' firm concentrated on large- scale housing and new-community planning and design. By espousing architecture of rural pragmatism and rooting it in ancient images and myths, Willis offered something new to the intellectual landscape of architectural design.","In 1997, the National Building Museum published Willis' book, Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture, in which she describes her buildings and design philosophy. In 1980, she was elected to the American Institute of Architects College of Fellows. In 1984, Willis received an honorary doctorate in Fine Arts from Mount Holyoke College.","By the early 1980s, Willis' design focus shifted to urban structures like the Yerba Buena Gardens redevelopment project (1980) and the San Francisco Ballet Association Building (1984). Smaller, but no less important, projects include Nob Hill Court (1971), Pacific Point Condominiums (1972), the Greenwich Apartment (1978), the Margaret Hayward Playground Building (1978), the (unbuilt) Shown Winery (1986), and the Mr. and Mrs. Richard Goeglin Pool House and Sculpture (1988).","Willis relocated her office and residence to New York City in 1991. Willis founded in 1994 the Architectural Research Institute, Inc. (through which the Manhattan Village Academy was designed). In 2002, she founded the Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, and she presently (2008) serves as the foundation's president. Her work and community leadership have been widely published (see bibliography). She is a founding trustee of the National Building Museum (1975-present). The Beverly Willis Library is located at the National Building Museum.","Much of the information in the biography was culled from the biography written for Beverly Willis by Nicolai Ouroussoff and included in Invisible Images: The Silent Language of Architecture, published in 1997 by the National Building Museum, Washington, DC."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of the information in the scope and content note was taken from an independent appraisal of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General note"],"odd_tesim":["Some of the information in the scope and content note was taken from an independent appraisal of the collection."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA file-level \u003cextref href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/iawa/inventories/Willis/Willis.html\" title=\"inventory\"\u003einventory\u003c/extref\u003e of letter- and legal-size project records is available at the repository.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["A file-level inventory of letter- and legal-size project records is available at the repository."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, Ms1992-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Beverly Willis Architectural Collection, Ms1992-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the drawings in the Willis Papers were arranged and described before they were donated, and information about the arrangement of the collection was compiled in a searchable database that is available at the repository. Project records stored in record cartons have been inventoried and are included in the database and finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first accession, which was arranged and described by Laura Katz Smith in 1995, was combined with subsequent accessions in 2003. A finding aid describing the complete collection was created by Catherine G. OBrion in 2003, using descriptions of materials in the archives database that was donated with the bulk of the collection in 2000.\nThe 2004 and 2009 additions were arranged and described by Sherrie Bowser in 2012. The project index arrangement was also included at this time.  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The bulk of the drawings in the Willis Papers were arranged and described before they were donated, and information about the arrangement of the collection was compiled in a searchable database that is available at the repository. Project records stored in record cartons have been inventoried and are included in the database and finding aid.","The first accession, which was arranged and described by Laura Katz Smith in 1995, was combined with subsequent accessions in 2003. A finding aid describing the complete collection was created by Catherine G. OBrion in 2003, using descriptions of materials in the archives database that was donated with the bulk of the collection in 2000.\nThe 2004 and 2009 additions were arranged and described by Sherrie Bowser in 2012. The project index arrangement was also included at this time."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Beverly Willis Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The guide to the Beverly Willis Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Beverly Willis Architectural Collection span the years 1954 to 1999 and are comprised primarily of records documenting Willis' work as an architect in San Francisco between 1960 and 1990. The collection documents the application of computers to architectural design and land analysis, the development of CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970s, the history of twentieth-century urban planning, particularly in San Francisco; and the contribution of women to twentieth-century American architecture. Willis, a noted artist, photographer, teacher, and writer, employed the full range of visual arts and design skills to influence and guide architectural projects of major significance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection is comprised of Willis and Associates project files from the period 1960 to 1990. Projects range from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis; and records documenting the development of CARLA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject files are comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and- ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is a series documenting the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, in the 1970s. Beverly Willis was interested in issues that affected planning, population density, and land-use economics in relation to large-scale development. Along with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen, she developed a program that enabled architects, with the use of computers, to develop site plans and design techniques in a fraction of the time required by the old methodology. Records documenting the development of CARLA include computer tapes, correspondence, flow charts, memos, and Jochen Eigen's notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program in 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a series of Publications, Brochures, and Clippings, which includes biographical information on Willis, Miscellaneous Project Records, and a video of the Yerba Buena Gardents development.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe Professional Papers series consists of material relating to Willis' participation in professional life including a curriculum vitae and articles/books written by Willis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Office Records series consists of materials relating to the day-to-day operations of Willis and Associates including financial and administrative records, clippings, presentation materials, media creation, and publicity photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files contain the contents of two large binders containing publicity materials and newspaper and magazine clippings compiled by Willis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese files contain the contents of two large binders containing publicity materials and newspaper and magazine clippings compiled by Willis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of financial records, memos, job notes, letters of transmittal, correspondence, and other financial records. An inventory of file folders for these boxes is available \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://spec.lib.vt.edu/iawa/inventories/Willis/Willis.html\" show=\"new\" title=\"Partial inventory\"\u003ehere\u003c/extref\u003e.\nNot arranged by project number or format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject Files span the period 1958 to 1998 and document projects ranging from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis, and sketches of unbuilt structures designed for writer Alex Haley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series is comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and-ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDrawing of entry into office suites in a concrete tilt-up building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster plan for grounds around entry, guard enclosure and fencing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign for an addition in rear of a commercial retail building in San Francisco.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign of apartment building. Unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for renovation of 560 Pacific Street office building in San Francisco. Converted from Barbary Coast whore house lodging.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for renovation and restoration of an 1855 one-room school house into a 3-bedroom residence in Volcano, California.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: A \"ghost town\" three hours from San Francisco, Volcano, California, was once home to 10,000 miners that worked the original mother-lode of the gold rush. When Willis first saw the deteriorating buildings in the early sixties, the town's one hundred residents survived on weekend tourist trade.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuilt in 1855, a one-room schoolhouse with boarded up bell tower and crumbling foundations was redesigned by Willis as her personal weekend retreat. Gutting the interior, Willis created a two-story living area in one half of the space, and stacked a master bedroom suite over a small kitchen and two bedrooms in the other half. The boys and girls restrooms were converted to half baths, and the original wood flooring was sanded and stained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe exterior was fully restored, including bell tower and stone foundations. A deck and swimming pool were added to the outdoor \"playground,\" a modern contrast to the original merry-go-round and chin-up bars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project included the design and creation of construction drawings and providing supervision for office building facade and lobby renovation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for office building lobby renovation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConceptual design for renovation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConceptual design for beautification of Union Street, including parking and street lighting and signage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterior design.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign for new building that was not built because funds could not be raised.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitial site plan analysis of Jackson Square building types within the proposed historical district.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsulting for Cooperage new site investigation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterior Design for Julius Castle Restaurant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCreated customized floor plans and made design modifications suitable for classrooms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConceptual design and model. Unbuilt. (land sale corrupt)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContracts and Proposals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject required the architect to customize floor plans, make design modifications to standard mobile modular house and site multiple residences for Speedspace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for Diamond Heights Townhouses. Project filled a full block-area with common open space and children's play yards in the middle of the block.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSite study.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for a 48 unit apartment building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: Sited in downtown San Francisco, a major issue in the design of this 48 unit apartment complex was the need to create a quiet retreat sheltered from the noisy interference and potential dangers of urban life. An image of medieval cities with their protective walls was evoked in Willis' mind. At Nob Hill Court, the medieval wall becomes inhabitable space with a fortress-like facade. The building turns away from the threatening presence of the street to focus on a peaceful open air courtyard interior to the site. A two-story entry lobby with sweeping circular stair is carved from the parking garage that forms the base of the building and the private court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis transforms the issue of security into a sense of permanency by maximizing the plan and volume of the primary living space of each unit. Large windows flood the interior spaces with light; door and ceiling moldings provide rich details that offer a textural contrast with the plaster walls. Fireplaces, a traditional symbol of home, contribute to the ambiance of warmth and serenity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe facade of the building, reminiscent of a stone outcropping, is softened by the use of wood shingles. The mullioned patterns of the wood windows further reduce the scale, offering a degree of detail found in single-family homes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for minor renovation to Halsted's Funeral Home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for multi-family housing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for a multi-family housing development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for multi-family residences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecifications and Details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning and conceptual design for condominiums; unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for multi-family housing; unbuilt. CARLA project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for a multi-family housing development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers: special processing, EIR.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers; includes project information, reports, conceptual design, and loose drawings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContract file and expenses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for multi-family housing; unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvided design, construction drawings and supervision for retail store front.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign and construction drawings for the Internal Revenue Service. Expandable prototypical computer center building to be adapted and built on nine campuses. Unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: Designed by Willis in 1976 for the General Services Administration and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the project entailed the development of a prototypical computing center planned for construction on 9 regional complexes scattered throughout the United States. A totally flexible building, the hexagonal shape adapted easily to differing sites, the angular sides meshing with building configurations like a pinion and a wheel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapable of accommodating 1 to 4 levels, Willis' design incorporated energy conservation techniques, task and user-friendly lighting and work stations, and flexible distribution systems researched and developed as a portion of the design scope. The open-air courtyard at the center of the building increased the amount of natural light and air available to the occupants and provided a natural compliment to the technologically-driven building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlanning of computer applications within office of construction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for farm house.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision for office building renovation to include architectural offices on 4th floor of 5 story building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning of multi-family housing and retail locations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for multi-family housing development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for a subdivision.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRenovation of a government office building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject Papers. Includes interior design requirements, product information, planning criteria for medical facilities, reports, job notes, and contracts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImplementation Plan for VA OAC Computer Application.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnvironmental impact report for multi-family housing development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncoming correspondence, outgoing correspondence, memos, letters of transmittal, and job notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for multi-family housing development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnidentified project papers for a code analysis and feasibility study\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign; includes project papers for the Lippert/Haight St. Bar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnidentified project papers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign for the interior of wine tasting and retail rooms, and displays.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound volume, \"Energy Conservation Design Criteria,\" and project papers, which include incoming and outgoing correspondence, general correspondence, meeting minutes, process planning, Q-1, step sheets, letter of transmittal, weekly action list, and contract information\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral correspondence and project papers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsulting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject scope included design, construction drawings and supervision for a free standing building for small children. Building part of a large park with many different facilities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: The Children's recreational Center at the Margaret Hayward Playground Park was designed and executed in 1982. Located in a modest-income neighborhood in San Francisco, California, the layer facade -- reminiscent of the segmented shell of an armadillo -- unfolds from the corner of the constrained site toward the outdoor play equipment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis designed the layers to act as theatrical backdrops, in an effort to encourage the children's imaginary performances and to allow for scalar shifts that accommodate both child and adult. A series of wide steps linking the playground and building entry create an impromptu thrust stage and child-sized seating area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApproximately 1,200 square feet of internal area accommodates the main recreational playroom, administrative offices and various support services.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo folders of general correspondence, a folder of project information, and a folder of unidentified materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers, including general correspondence, reference materials, a working drawing, details, a comparative feasibility study, and a conceptual estimate\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsulting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers for an interior renovation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvided design, construction drawings and supervision for renovation of 48 condominiums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsulting for a mixed-use development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnergy report and analysis and miscellaneous project papers that include pamphlets, books, and computer printouts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster plan for a new town of 100,000 people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: By 1986, Green Valley -- an 8,400 acre planned community in the Nevada desert that would eventually house 100,000 residents -- had undergone sufficient development to support a small town- like commercial center. A 75 acre site adjacent to the Green Valley parkway was proposed for the Center. Willis executed a conceptual master plan for the site to accommodate phased development as future growth occurred. To provide a sense of community, Willis' plan proposed a full complement of retail, commercial, multi-family residential, entertainment, and recreational facilities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGiven the physical discomfort entailed by the hot, arid climate, Willis incorporated environmental design strategies to minimize the unpleasant effects. Pedestrian arcades, towers with wind-catchers, moisturizing sprays, and landscaped \"greenwalls\" all served to reduce the effective daily temperature. As a focal point, Willis created a village green that fronted a four-plex cinema, an ice skating rink, and a variety of cafes and restaurants, providing a casual spill-over space for leisure activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEIR, Project Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStudy plan to determine feasibility to locate the Developer's Project Office in the existing Jesse Street Sub-station space, which was a former utility building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCreated a master plan and conducted conceptual design for 24 acres in downtown San Francisco. Project part of a redevelopment project called Yerba Buena - joint venture of Beverly Willis Architects and Zeidler- Roberts Partnership, Toronto, Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: Covering 24 acres--four city blocks--in downtown San Francisco, the Yerba Buena site was seen as a bridge that could extend the economic success of the financial and Union Street districts into the surrounding urban neighborhood ravaged by poorly conceived urban renewal projects. In 1980, the master plan put forth by the team of Beverly Willis Architects, Olympia \u0026amp; York, Ltd., the Marriott Corporation, and Zeidler-Roberts Partnership, Ltd. won an international competition for the site's development.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsisting of 1,250,000 square feet of office space, a 1,500-room hotel, 250,000 square feet of retail, 350 apartments, and an exhibition and performance art complex, the master plan created transitions in scale, use, texture, access that seamlessly rewove the urban fabric into an integrated whole. Ground level components were reduced in size creating a comfortable pedestrian street-scape that negated the presence of the 'super block' towers. A series of open spaces, sited for maximum sunlight and minimal wind, further reduced the scale and offered a variety of outdoor environments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject entailed building design, construction drawings and construction supervision for a new 4 story, 96 foot-high building in San Francisco's Civic Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: In the design of the building for the San Francisco Ballet Association, Willis was preoccupied with how the design could reflect the total fabric of a dancer's life. Located in the city's Civic Center, the site for the modest project of some 65,000 feet was surrounded by such monumentally-scaled buildings as the Opera House, Symphony Hall, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and City Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo be compatible with the Civic Center's Neoclassical context, Willis used a tripartite horizontal ordering system derived from Renaissance principles on the facade. Breaking with classical tradition of symmetry, the entry was located on the corner, the curvilinear wall suggesting physical movement and offering a unique identity for the growing ballet company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs the dancers were required to spend six hours per day in the facility, the desire for natural light and outdoor air is reflected in the interior. In the large airy spaces visually accessible to the outdoors, Willis developed a mirror system to provide unbroken images of lifts and jumps, as well as a fluorescent lighting system free of the stroboscopic wavering that causes dizziness during practice. The building includes rehearsal, instructional, and administrative spaces along with food service, locker rooms, and lounges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers; include photographs, reference and planning materials, correspondence, transmittals, and project study\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree books\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvided design and construction drawings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeasibility study\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsulting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous project papers; include contracts, consultant records, and invoices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaster planning for equestrian center, including center design. Unbuilt (couldn't raise funds).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject to convert existing warehouse into an office building. Design and construction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign and construction drawing for converting a 1930s warehouse with neo-classical facade and building on top of it an additional seven floors of parking and office space. Unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRenovation, design, and construction drawings for the Abbey Rents' building conversion into retail shops.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsulting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConceptual design of residential condominiums around an equestrian center. Unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous project papers; include contracts, consultant records, and invoices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo books\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvided design and construction drawings for renovation and addition in order to create a mid-rise office building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject entailed executing feasibility study for addition to existing building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject entailed conducting massing studies to reconfigure an existing design for a new office tower. Unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers, including contacts, consultants, and invoices\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeasibility study for retail uses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConceptual massing project. Unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRenovation design and construction drawings for converting an existing building into an arts center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLobby, corridors and elevator renovation design and construction drawings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject included pen and ink mapping drawings of hotel site.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawing, and other project papers for a new, free standing, winery and storage caves utilizing passive energy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: Behind the form of the winery, the aging sheds and the terrace lie images of the traditions common to wine-making throughout the centuries. Willis transforms these historical images into crisp contemporary form through the use of geometry and the incorporation of natural materials that respond to the agrarian\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the main building of the winery, the facade of vertical grain redwoods are fitted together like the staves of an oak cask, held rigidly in place by two large steel bands encircling the building under a tern metal roof. The golden mean proportion that governs the scale and relationships of the design encompasses a cylindrical cupola at the winery roof. The warm air of the California day is drawn upward, escaping through the cupola's perimeter vents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo maintain the constant temperature required in the aging process, Willis designed the areas as \"caves\", determining through computer analysis the appropriate thermal mass for passive cooling. Supported by a timed intake fan rather than air conditioning, strict temperature criteria are met with reduced energy consumption.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign, construction drawings and supervision of entertainment center and pool house project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: In designing a pool house to be located on an old campsite of the Wappa Indians, Willis responded to the owners' desire to preserve a rumored burial mound by reinventing a bit of history. Nomadic gatherers and hunters, the Wappa tribe had left little evidence of their cultural traditions or imagery. Through the use of universal mythical images -- such as the sun, eagle and sky boat -- Willis recreated the spiritual journey of the ancient tribe in stucco bias relief on the pool-house facade and through the design of a memorial sun marker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLocated beside an existing swimming pool, the pool house was designed to accommodate casual pool-side entertaining as well as the functional necessities of showering and dressing, Willis used the golden section to generate all parts of the building form, modulating the two squares of the floor plan with a trace of the roof to derive three distinct spaces. In the vaulted center section, sliding doors are pocketed into the walls, dissolving the boundaries between pool and house.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign and construction drawings for renovation of a two-story house.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConceptual design for free standing building to be used as a fitness center. Unbuilt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers, including correspondence, research and notes, programs, contract, and invoices\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesigned, developed construction drawings and supervised construction for interior design of apartment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject papers, including fee negotiations and expenses, feasibility studies, contract, and invoices\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsulting on interior refurbishing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem labeled \"Book 2\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign Architect created innovative small school plan and introduced the Locus clustering concept.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtended Description: The focus of the River Run property consisted of two small knolls nestled side-by-side overlooking the flat valley land and the Napa River. Entered by way of a nineteenth century stone bridge, a working vineyard of Chardonnay grapes surrounds the knolls, the first of which houses the remodeled estate gate house. In the field between the knolls were two barns, one of which Willis remodeled as a stable with full tack room and grooming area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe farmhouse, imbued with the image of a Palladian villa, monumentally commands the second knoll along with a renovated guest house and pool. The grand semicircular staircase and the symmetrical facade contrast with the asymmetrical elements of the natural landscaping. The form of the portico recalls the colonnades of early Tuscany, their redwood material exuding a warmth not found in the stone and masonry of their historic counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interior of the house is comprised of four \"living centers\" -- the public reception and entertainment area, the food preparation and relaxation area, the more private library and study area, and the fully private sleeping and bath areas. Sharing fireplace with the master bedroom, the master bath has a view of the pool that links the guest and main houses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRenovation and restoration of a 5-story 1856 brownstone with cellar [townhouse], of approximately 3,500 square feet for a living-working space for Beverly Willis. (The house was remodeled ca. 1955 and the original detailing and many walls were removed at this time.) Budget, $350,000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject to renovate and convert warehouse into school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesign and construction of wall table.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous brochures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series spans the period 1972-1978 and documents the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, by Beverly Willis, Eric Tiescholz, and Jochen Eigen. The system enabled architects to use computers to develop site plan design techniques more efficiently.\nIt contains computer paper drive tapes of software program versions, a computer-punched paper drive of CARLA original film, flowcharts, videotapes, rough material for CARLA videotape, articles about computer-assisted analysis and mapping systems, computer manuals, and memos. Also included are Jochen Eigen's 1974 notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Beverly Willis Architectural Collection span the years 1954 to 1999 and are comprised primarily of records documenting Willis' work as an architect in San Francisco between 1960 and 1990. The collection documents the application of computers to architectural design and land analysis, the development of CARLA (Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis) in the 1970s, the history of twentieth-century urban planning, particularly in San Francisco; and the contribution of women to twentieth-century American architecture. Willis, a noted artist, photographer, teacher, and writer, employed the full range of visual arts and design skills to influence and guide architectural projects of major significance.","The bulk of the collection is comprised of Willis and Associates project files from the period 1960 to 1990. Projects range from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis; and records documenting the development of CARLA.","Project files are comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and- ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.","Also included is a series documenting the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, in the 1970s. Beverly Willis was interested in issues that affected planning, population density, and land-use economics in relation to large-scale development. Along with Eric Tiescholz and Jochen Eigen, she developed a program that enabled architects, with the use of computers, to develop site plans and design techniques in a fraction of the time required by the old methodology. Records documenting the development of CARLA include computer tapes, correspondence, flow charts, memos, and Jochen Eigen's notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program in 1974.","The collection also contains a series of Publications, Brochures, and Clippings, which includes biographical information on Willis, Miscellaneous Project Records, and a video of the Yerba Buena Gardents development.","The Professional Papers series consists of material relating to Willis' participation in professional life including a curriculum vitae and articles/books written by Willis.","The Office Records series consists of materials relating to the day-to-day operations of Willis and Associates including financial and administrative records, clippings, presentation materials, media creation, and publicity photographs.","These files contain the contents of two large binders containing publicity materials and newspaper and magazine clippings compiled by Willis.","These files contain the contents of two large binders containing publicity materials and newspaper and magazine clippings compiled by Willis.","This series is comprised of financial records, memos, job notes, letters of transmittal, correspondence, and other financial records. An inventory of file folders for these boxes is available here.\nNot arranged by project number or format.","Project Files span the period 1958 to 1998 and document projects ranging from private residences and residential developments to institutions, such as the San Francisco Ballet Association Building; and urban development projects, most notably the Yerba Buena Gardens project in downtown San Francisco. Also included are records and design documents for Aliamanu Valley New Town, a military base in Hawaii that was the first major project designed with CARLA, computer software for architectural design created by Willis, and sketches of unbuilt structures designed for writer Alex Haley.","The series is comprised of presentation drawings, slope analysis drawings, site plans, maps, cut-and-fill analysis plans, sketches, conceptual design drawings, construction drawings, as well as correspondence, research files, contracts, environmental impact statements and studies, financial records, and feasibility studies. There are records for more than 150 projects. Drawings are large folio, pen-and-ink or watercolor on paper, linen, or mylar. Some are heightened with color.","Drawing of entry into office suites in a concrete tilt-up building.","Master plan for grounds around entry, guard enclosure and fencing.","Design for an addition in rear of a commercial retail building in San Francisco.","Design of apartment building. Unbuilt.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for renovation of 560 Pacific Street office building in San Francisco. Converted from Barbary Coast whore house lodging.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for renovation and restoration of an 1855 one-room school house into a 3-bedroom residence in Volcano, California.","Extended Description: A \"ghost town\" three hours from San Francisco, Volcano, California, was once home to 10,000 miners that worked the original mother-lode of the gold rush. When Willis first saw the deteriorating buildings in the early sixties, the town's one hundred residents survived on weekend tourist trade.","Built in 1855, a one-room schoolhouse with boarded up bell tower and crumbling foundations was redesigned by Willis as her personal weekend retreat. Gutting the interior, Willis created a two-story living area in one half of the space, and stacked a master bedroom suite over a small kitchen and two bedrooms in the other half. The boys and girls restrooms were converted to half baths, and the original wood flooring was sanded and stained.","The exterior was fully restored, including bell tower and stone foundations. A deck and swimming pool were added to the outdoor \"playground,\" a modern contrast to the original merry-go-round and chin-up bars.","The project included the design and creation of construction drawings and providing supervision for office building facade and lobby renovation.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for office building lobby renovation.","Conceptual design for renovation.","Conceptual design for beautification of Union Street, including parking and street lighting and signage.","Interior design.","Design for new building that was not built because funds could not be raised.","Initial site plan analysis of Jackson Square building types within the proposed historical district.","Consulting for Cooperage new site investigation.","Interior Design for Julius Castle Restaurant.","Created customized floor plans and made design modifications suitable for classrooms.","Conceptual design and model. Unbuilt. (land sale corrupt)","Contracts and Proposals.","Project required the architect to customize floor plans, make design modifications to standard mobile modular house and site multiple residences for Speedspace.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for Diamond Heights Townhouses. Project filled a full block-area with common open space and children's play yards in the middle of the block.","Site study.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for a 48 unit apartment building.","Extended Description: Sited in downtown San Francisco, a major issue in the design of this 48 unit apartment complex was the need to create a quiet retreat sheltered from the noisy interference and potential dangers of urban life. An image of medieval cities with their protective walls was evoked in Willis' mind. At Nob Hill Court, the medieval wall becomes inhabitable space with a fortress-like facade. The building turns away from the threatening presence of the street to focus on a peaceful open air courtyard interior to the site. A two-story entry lobby with sweeping circular stair is carved from the parking garage that forms the base of the building and the private court.","Willis transforms the issue of security into a sense of permanency by maximizing the plan and volume of the primary living space of each unit. Large windows flood the interior spaces with light; door and ceiling moldings provide rich details that offer a textural contrast with the plaster walls. Fireplaces, a traditional symbol of home, contribute to the ambiance of warmth and serenity.","The facade of the building, reminiscent of a stone outcropping, is softened by the use of wood shingles. The mullioned patterns of the wood windows further reduce the scale, offering a degree of detail found in single-family homes.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for minor renovation to Halsted's Funeral Home.","Master planning for multi-family housing.","Master planning for a multi-family housing development.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for multi-family residences.","Specifications and Details.","Master planning and conceptual design for condominiums; unbuilt.","Master planning for multi-family housing; unbuilt. CARLA project.","Master planning for a multi-family housing development.","Project papers: special processing, EIR.","Project papers; includes project information, reports, conceptual design, and loose drawings.","Contract file and expenses.","Master planning for multi-family housing; unbuilt.","Provided design, construction drawings and supervision for retail store front.","Design and construction drawings for the Internal Revenue Service. Expandable prototypical computer center building to be adapted and built on nine campuses. Unbuilt.","Extended Description: Designed by Willis in 1976 for the General Services Administration and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the project entailed the development of a prototypical computing center planned for construction on 9 regional complexes scattered throughout the United States. A totally flexible building, the hexagonal shape adapted easily to differing sites, the angular sides meshing with building configurations like a pinion and a wheel.","Capable of accommodating 1 to 4 levels, Willis' design incorporated energy conservation techniques, task and user-friendly lighting and work stations, and flexible distribution systems researched and developed as a portion of the design scope. The open-air courtyard at the center of the building increased the amount of natural light and air available to the occupants and provided a natural compliment to the technologically-driven building.","Planning of computer applications within office of construction.","Master planning for farm house.","Master planning.","Design, construction drawings and supervision for office building renovation to include architectural offices on 4th floor of 5 story building.","General Correspondence.","Master planning of multi-family housing and retail locations.","Master planning for multi-family housing development.","Design.","General Correspondence.","Master planning.","Master planning for a subdivision.","Renovation of a government office building.","Project Papers. Includes interior design requirements, product information, planning criteria for medical facilities, reports, job notes, and contracts.","Implementation Plan for VA OAC Computer Application.","Environmental impact report for multi-family housing development.","Project Papers.","Incoming correspondence, outgoing correspondence, memos, letters of transmittal, and job notes","Master planning for multi-family housing development.","Unidentified project papers for a code analysis and feasibility study","Design; includes project papers for the Lippert/Haight St. Bar.","Unidentified project papers","Design for the interior of wine tasting and retail rooms, and displays.","Bound volume, \"Energy Conservation Design Criteria,\" and project papers, which include incoming and outgoing correspondence, general correspondence, meeting minutes, process planning, Q-1, step sheets, letter of transmittal, weekly action list, and contract information","General correspondence and project papers","Consulting.","Project scope included design, construction drawings and supervision for a free standing building for small children. Building part of a large park with many different facilities.","Extended Description: The Children's recreational Center at the Margaret Hayward Playground Park was designed and executed in 1982. Located in a modest-income neighborhood in San Francisco, California, the layer facade -- reminiscent of the segmented shell of an armadillo -- unfolds from the corner of the constrained site toward the outdoor play equipment.","Willis designed the layers to act as theatrical backdrops, in an effort to encourage the children's imaginary performances and to allow for scalar shifts that accommodate both child and adult. A series of wide steps linking the playground and building entry create an impromptu thrust stage and child-sized seating area.","Approximately 1,200 square feet of internal area accommodates the main recreational playroom, administrative offices and various support services.","Two folders of general correspondence, a folder of project information, and a folder of unidentified materials","General Correspondence","Design.","General Correspondence.","Master planning.","Project papers, including general correspondence, reference materials, a working drawing, details, a comparative feasibility study, and a conceptual estimate","Consulting.","Project papers for an interior renovation.","Project Papers.","Provided design, construction drawings and supervision for renovation of 48 condominiums.","Project Papers.","Consulting for a mixed-use development.","Energy report and analysis and miscellaneous project papers that include pamphlets, books, and computer printouts","Master plan for a new town of 100,000 people.","Extended Description: By 1986, Green Valley -- an 8,400 acre planned community in the Nevada desert that would eventually house 100,000 residents -- had undergone sufficient development to support a small town- like commercial center. A 75 acre site adjacent to the Green Valley parkway was proposed for the Center. Willis executed a conceptual master plan for the site to accommodate phased development as future growth occurred. To provide a sense of community, Willis' plan proposed a full complement of retail, commercial, multi-family residential, entertainment, and recreational facilities.","Given the physical discomfort entailed by the hot, arid climate, Willis incorporated environmental design strategies to minimize the unpleasant effects. Pedestrian arcades, towers with wind-catchers, moisturizing sprays, and landscaped \"greenwalls\" all served to reduce the effective daily temperature. As a focal point, Willis created a village green that fronted a four-plex cinema, an ice skating rink, and a variety of cafes and restaurants, providing a casual spill-over space for leisure activities.","EIR, Project Papers.","Study plan to determine feasibility to locate the Developer's Project Office in the existing Jesse Street Sub-station space, which was a former utility building.","Created a master plan and conducted conceptual design for 24 acres in downtown San Francisco. Project part of a redevelopment project called Yerba Buena - joint venture of Beverly Willis Architects and Zeidler- Roberts Partnership, Toronto, Canada.","Extended Description: Covering 24 acres--four city blocks--in downtown San Francisco, the Yerba Buena site was seen as a bridge that could extend the economic success of the financial and Union Street districts into the surrounding urban neighborhood ravaged by poorly conceived urban renewal projects. In 1980, the master plan put forth by the team of Beverly Willis Architects, Olympia \u0026 York, Ltd., the Marriott Corporation, and Zeidler-Roberts Partnership, Ltd. won an international competition for the site's development.","Consisting of 1,250,000 square feet of office space, a 1,500-room hotel, 250,000 square feet of retail, 350 apartments, and an exhibition and performance art complex, the master plan created transitions in scale, use, texture, access that seamlessly rewove the urban fabric into an integrated whole. Ground level components were reduced in size creating a comfortable pedestrian street-scape that negated the presence of the 'super block' towers. A series of open spaces, sited for maximum sunlight and minimal wind, further reduced the scale and offered a variety of outdoor environments.","Project entailed building design, construction drawings and construction supervision for a new 4 story, 96 foot-high building in San Francisco's Civic Center.","Extended Description: In the design of the building for the San Francisco Ballet Association, Willis was preoccupied with how the design could reflect the total fabric of a dancer's life. Located in the city's Civic Center, the site for the modest project of some 65,000 feet was surrounded by such monumentally-scaled buildings as the Opera House, Symphony Hall, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and City Hall.","To be compatible with the Civic Center's Neoclassical context, Willis used a tripartite horizontal ordering system derived from Renaissance principles on the facade. Breaking with classical tradition of symmetry, the entry was located on the corner, the curvilinear wall suggesting physical movement and offering a unique identity for the growing ballet company.","As the dancers were required to spend six hours per day in the facility, the desire for natural light and outdoor air is reflected in the interior. In the large airy spaces visually accessible to the outdoors, Willis developed a mirror system to provide unbroken images of lifts and jumps, as well as a fluorescent lighting system free of the stroboscopic wavering that causes dizziness during practice. The building includes rehearsal, instructional, and administrative spaces along with food service, locker rooms, and lounges.","Project papers; include photographs, reference and planning materials, correspondence, transmittals, and project study","Three books","Provided design and construction drawings","Feasibility study","Consulting.","Miscellaneous project papers; include contracts, consultant records, and invoices.","Master planning for equestrian center, including center design. Unbuilt (couldn't raise funds).","Project to convert existing warehouse into an office building. Design and construction.","Design and construction drawing for converting a 1930s warehouse with neo-classical facade and building on top of it an additional seven floors of parking and office space. Unbuilt.","Renovation, design, and construction drawings for the Abbey Rents' building conversion into retail shops.","Consulting.","Conceptual design of residential condominiums around an equestrian center. Unbuilt.","Miscellaneous project papers; include contracts, consultant records, and invoices.","Two books","Provided design and construction drawings for renovation and addition in order to create a mid-rise office building.","Project entailed executing feasibility study for addition to existing building.","Project entailed conducting massing studies to reconfigure an existing design for a new office tower. Unbuilt.","Project papers, including contacts, consultants, and invoices","Feasibility study for retail uses.","Conceptual massing project. Unbuilt.","Renovation design and construction drawings for converting an existing building into an arts center.","Lobby, corridors and elevator renovation design and construction drawings.","Project included pen and ink mapping drawings of hotel site.","Design, construction drawing, and other project papers for a new, free standing, winery and storage caves utilizing passive energy.","Extended Description: Behind the form of the winery, the aging sheds and the terrace lie images of the traditions common to wine-making throughout the centuries. Willis transforms these historical images into crisp contemporary form through the use of geometry and the incorporation of natural materials that respond to the agrarian","In the main building of the winery, the facade of vertical grain redwoods are fitted together like the staves of an oak cask, held rigidly in place by two large steel bands encircling the building under a tern metal roof. The golden mean proportion that governs the scale and relationships of the design encompasses a cylindrical cupola at the winery roof. The warm air of the California day is drawn upward, escaping through the cupola's perimeter vents.","To maintain the constant temperature required in the aging process, Willis designed the areas as \"caves\", determining through computer analysis the appropriate thermal mass for passive cooling. Supported by a timed intake fan rather than air conditioning, strict temperature criteria are met with reduced energy consumption.","Design, construction drawings and supervision of entertainment center and pool house project.","Extended Description: In designing a pool house to be located on an old campsite of the Wappa Indians, Willis responded to the owners' desire to preserve a rumored burial mound by reinventing a bit of history. Nomadic gatherers and hunters, the Wappa tribe had left little evidence of their cultural traditions or imagery. Through the use of universal mythical images -- such as the sun, eagle and sky boat -- Willis recreated the spiritual journey of the ancient tribe in stucco bias relief on the pool-house facade and through the design of a memorial sun marker.","Located beside an existing swimming pool, the pool house was designed to accommodate casual pool-side entertaining as well as the functional necessities of showering and dressing, Willis used the golden section to generate all parts of the building form, modulating the two squares of the floor plan with a trace of the roof to derive three distinct spaces. In the vaulted center section, sliding doors are pocketed into the walls, dissolving the boundaries between pool and house.","Design and construction drawings for renovation of a two-story house.","Conceptual design for free standing building to be used as a fitness center. Unbuilt.","Project papers, including correspondence, research and notes, programs, contract, and invoices","Designed, developed construction drawings and supervised construction for interior design of apartment.","Project papers, including fee negotiations and expenses, feasibility studies, contract, and invoices","Consulting on interior refurbishing.","Item labeled \"Book 2\"","Design Architect created innovative small school plan and introduced the Locus clustering concept.","Extended Description: The focus of the River Run property consisted of two small knolls nestled side-by-side overlooking the flat valley land and the Napa River. Entered by way of a nineteenth century stone bridge, a working vineyard of Chardonnay grapes surrounds the knolls, the first of which houses the remodeled estate gate house. In the field between the knolls were two barns, one of which Willis remodeled as a stable with full tack room and grooming area.","The farmhouse, imbued with the image of a Palladian villa, monumentally commands the second knoll along with a renovated guest house and pool. The grand semicircular staircase and the symmetrical facade contrast with the asymmetrical elements of the natural landscaping. The form of the portico recalls the colonnades of early Tuscany, their redwood material exuding a warmth not found in the stone and masonry of their historic counterparts.","The interior of the house is comprised of four \"living centers\" -- the public reception and entertainment area, the food preparation and relaxation area, the more private library and study area, and the fully private sleeping and bath areas. Sharing fireplace with the master bedroom, the master bath has a view of the pool that links the guest and main houses.","Renovation and restoration of a 5-story 1856 brownstone with cellar [townhouse], of approximately 3,500 square feet for a living-working space for Beverly Willis. (The house was remodeled ca. 1955 and the original detailing and many walls were removed at this time.) Budget, $350,000.","Project to renovate and convert warehouse into school.","Design and construction of wall table.","Miscellaneous brochures.","This series spans the period 1972-1978 and documents the development of CARLA, Computerized Approach to Residential Land Analysis, by Beverly Willis, Eric Tiescholz, and Jochen Eigen. The system enabled architects to use computers to develop site plan design techniques more efficiently.\nIt contains computer paper drive tapes of software program versions, a computer-punched paper drive of CARLA original film, flowcharts, videotapes, rough material for CARLA videotape, articles about computer-assisted analysis and mapping systems, computer manuals, and memos. Also included are Jochen Eigen's 1974 notes on interfacing CARLA with a computer mapping program."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_174a3dc5cc0f306ff98b4fcaecbf2059\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e Boxes 1-51 are located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Please note: Boxes 1-51 are located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections for more information."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates"],"names_coll_ssim":["Willis and Associates","Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"persname_ssim":["Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Willis and Associates","Willis, Beverly, 1928-"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":212,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:46:21.925Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1898"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3149","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Biographical Vertical Files","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3149#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIn general, vertical files at Special Collections and University Archives include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephemera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to individuals and families connected to the local area (Blacksburg, Montgomery County, and Southwest Virginia) and/or to Virginia Tech. Each individual/family below has at least one folder and many include cross references.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3149#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3149","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3149","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3149","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3149","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3149.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Biographical Vertical Files","title_ssm":["Biographical Vertical Files"],"title_tesim":["Biographical Vertical Files"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960s-present"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960s-present"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Biographical Vertical Files"],"text":["Biographical Vertical Files","VerticalFile.004","Blacksburg (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","Biographical Vertical Files are arranged alphabetically by individual's last name or by family name. Some individuals/families have a dedicated folder. Others may be found in the appropriate alphabetical folder (i.e. \"Smyth\" would be found in the \"Smo-Smy\" folder).","The guide to the Biographical Vertical Files by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/).","See the following collections at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\n\nBlacksburg Vertical Files\nMontgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files\nSouthwest Virginia Vertical Files\nRecord Group Vertical Files (history of Virginia Tech colleges, departments, administrative units, and organizations)\nVirginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings (precursor to the vertical files, with materials dating back to the 1870s)","In general, vertical files at Special Collections and University Archives include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephemera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to individuals and families connected to the local area (Blacksburg, Montgomery County, and Southwest Virginia) and/or to Virginia Tech. Each individual/family below has at least one folder and many include cross references.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Biographical Vertical Files"],"collection_ssim":["Biographical Vertical Files"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VerticalFile.004"],"unitid_tesim":["VerticalFile.004"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Newman Library staff began collection materials for vertical files during the 1960s. Special Collections and University Archives staff add to existing files and continue to create new files as the need arises."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16.8 Cubic Feet 12 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["16.8 Cubic Feet 12 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/257\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBiographical Vertical Files are arranged alphabetically by individual's last name or by family name. Some individuals/families have a dedicated folder. Others may be found in the appropriate alphabetical folder (i.e. \"Smyth\" would be found in the \"Smo-Smy\" folder).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Biographical Vertical Files are arranged alphabetically by individual's last name or by family name. Some individuals/families have a dedicated folder. Others may be found in the appropriate alphabetical folder (i.e. \"Smyth\" would be found in the \"Smo-Smy\" folder)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Biographical Vertical Files by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Biographical Vertical Files by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [folder title], Biographical Vertical Files, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [folder title], Biographical Vertical Files, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the following collections at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01042.xml\"\u003eBlacksburg Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01043.xml\"\u003eMontgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01044.xml\"\u003eSouthwest Virginia Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01186.xml\"\u003eRecord Group Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e (history of Virginia Tech colleges, departments, administrative units, and organizations)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01808.xml\"\u003eVirginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings\u003c/a\u003e (precursor to the vertical files, with materials dating back to the 1870s)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the following collections at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\n\nBlacksburg Vertical Files\nMontgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files\nSouthwest Virginia Vertical Files\nRecord Group Vertical Files (history of Virginia Tech colleges, departments, administrative units, and organizations)\nVirginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings (precursor to the vertical files, with materials dating back to the 1870s)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn general, vertical files at Special Collections and University Archives include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephemera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to individuals and families connected to the local area (Blacksburg, Montgomery County, and Southwest Virginia) and/or to Virginia Tech. Each individual/family below has at least one folder and many include cross references.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["In general, vertical files at Special Collections and University Archives include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephemera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to individuals and families connected to the local area (Blacksburg, Montgomery County, and Southwest Virginia) and/or to Virginia Tech. Each individual/family below has at least one folder and many include cross references."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1388,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:48:14.793Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3149","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3149","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3149","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3149","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3149.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Biographical Vertical Files","title_ssm":["Biographical Vertical Files"],"title_tesim":["Biographical Vertical Files"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960s-present"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960s-present"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Biographical Vertical Files"],"text":["Biographical Vertical Files","VerticalFile.004","Blacksburg (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","Biographical Vertical Files are arranged alphabetically by individual's last name or by family name. Some individuals/families have a dedicated folder. Others may be found in the appropriate alphabetical folder (i.e. \"Smyth\" would be found in the \"Smo-Smy\" folder).","The guide to the Biographical Vertical Files by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/).","See the following collections at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\n\nBlacksburg Vertical Files\nMontgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files\nSouthwest Virginia Vertical Files\nRecord Group Vertical Files (history of Virginia Tech colleges, departments, administrative units, and organizations)\nVirginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings (precursor to the vertical files, with materials dating back to the 1870s)","In general, vertical files at Special Collections and University Archives include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephemera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to individuals and families connected to the local area (Blacksburg, Montgomery County, and Southwest Virginia) and/or to Virginia Tech. Each individual/family below has at least one folder and many include cross references.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Biographical Vertical Files"],"collection_ssim":["Biographical Vertical Files"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VerticalFile.004"],"unitid_tesim":["VerticalFile.004"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Newman Library staff began collection materials for vertical files during the 1960s. Special Collections and University Archives staff add to existing files and continue to create new files as the need arises."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16.8 Cubic Feet 12 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["16.8 Cubic Feet 12 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/257\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBiographical Vertical Files are arranged alphabetically by individual's last name or by family name. Some individuals/families have a dedicated folder. Others may be found in the appropriate alphabetical folder (i.e. \"Smyth\" would be found in the \"Smo-Smy\" folder).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Biographical Vertical Files are arranged alphabetically by individual's last name or by family name. Some individuals/families have a dedicated folder. Others may be found in the appropriate alphabetical folder (i.e. \"Smyth\" would be found in the \"Smo-Smy\" folder)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Biographical Vertical Files by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Biographical Vertical Files by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [folder title], Biographical Vertical Files, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [folder title], Biographical Vertical Files, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the following collections at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01042.xml\"\u003eBlacksburg Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01043.xml\"\u003eMontgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01044.xml\"\u003eSouthwest Virginia Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01186.xml\"\u003eRecord Group Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e (history of Virginia Tech colleges, departments, administrative units, and organizations)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01808.xml\"\u003eVirginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings\u003c/a\u003e (precursor to the vertical files, with materials dating back to the 1870s)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the following collections at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\n\nBlacksburg Vertical Files\nMontgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files\nSouthwest Virginia Vertical Files\nRecord Group Vertical Files (history of Virginia Tech colleges, departments, administrative units, and organizations)\nVirginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings (precursor to the vertical files, with materials dating back to the 1870s)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn general, vertical files at Special Collections and University Archives include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephemera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to individuals and families connected to the local area (Blacksburg, Montgomery County, and Southwest Virginia) and/or to Virginia Tech. Each individual/family below has at least one folder and many include cross references.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["In general, vertical files at Special Collections and University Archives include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephemera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to individuals and families connected to the local area (Blacksburg, Montgomery County, and Southwest Virginia) and/or to Virginia Tech. Each individual/family below has at least one folder and many include cross references."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1388,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:48:14.793Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3149"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1829","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Black Appalachians Oral History Project, 1991","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1829#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Black Appalachians Oral History Project consists of approximately twenty-five taped interviews conducted by Dr. Michael Cooke of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University concerning Black life in Appalachia, especially in Montgomery County, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1829#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1829","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1829","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1829","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1829","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1829.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Black Appalachians Oral History Project","title_ssm":["Black Appalachians Oral History Project"],"title_tesim":["Black Appalachians Oral History Project"],"unitdate_ssm":["1991"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black Appalachians Oral History Project, 1991"],"text":["Black Appalachians Oral History Project, 1991","Ms.1991.019","Blacksburg (Va.)","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","African Americans -- History","Oral histories (literary works)","The collection is open to research.","The majority of the interviews in this collection have been digitized and are available online.","The collection is divided into two series: documents and taped interviews. Both sections are arranged in alphabetical order.","The guide to the Black Appalachians Oral History Project by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Black Appalachians Oral History Project was completed in 2001.","The Black Appalachians Oral History Project consists of approximately twenty-five taped interviews conducted by Dr. Michael Cooke of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University concerning black life in Appalachia, especially in Montgomery County, Virginia. The interviewees represented communities such as Blacksburg, Christiansburg, Elliston, Riner, Shawsville, and Wake Forest. Transcripts are currently available for six of the interviews.","See entry for Burns, Leola.","See entry for Scott, Valiere.","See entry for Lester, Thompson V., Sr.","See entry for Pack W. Waymon (A).","See entry for Scott, Valerie.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Black Appalachians Oral History Project consists of approximately twenty-five taped interviews conducted by Dr. Michael Cooke of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University concerning Black life in Appalachia, especially in Montgomery County, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Black Appalachians Oral History Project, 1991"],"collection_ssim":["Black Appalachians Oral History Project, 1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1991.019"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1991.019"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired by Special Collections and University Archives prior to 1992."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","African Americans -- History","Oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","African Americans -- History","Oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1991],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the interviews in this collection have been \u003ca href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/244\"\u003edigitized and are available online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["The majority of the interviews in this collection have been digitized and are available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into two series: documents and taped interviews. Both sections are arranged in alphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into two series: documents and taped interviews. Both sections are arranged in alphabetical order."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Black Appalachians Oral History Project by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Black Appalachians Oral History Project by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black Appalachians Oral History Project, Ms1991-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black Appalachians Oral History Project, Ms1991-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Black Appalachians Oral History Project was completed in 2001.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Black Appalachians Oral History Project was completed in 2001."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Black Appalachians Oral History Project consists of approximately twenty-five taped interviews conducted by Dr. Michael Cooke of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University concerning black life in Appalachia, especially in Montgomery County, Virginia. The interviewees represented communities such as Blacksburg, Christiansburg, Elliston, Riner, Shawsville, and Wake Forest. Transcripts are currently available for six of the interviews.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSee entry for Burns, Leola.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee entry for Scott, Valiere.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee entry for Lester, Thompson V., Sr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee entry for Pack W. Waymon (A).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee entry for Scott, Valerie.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Black Appalachians Oral History Project consists of approximately twenty-five taped interviews conducted by Dr. Michael Cooke of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University concerning black life in Appalachia, especially in Montgomery County, Virginia. The interviewees represented communities such as Blacksburg, Christiansburg, Elliston, Riner, Shawsville, and Wake Forest. Transcripts are currently available for six of the interviews.","See entry for Burns, Leola.","See entry for Scott, Valiere.","See entry for Lester, Thompson V., Sr.","See entry for Pack W. Waymon (A).","See entry for Scott, Valerie."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5928a486043fb558dec90c26bb7db701\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Black Appalachians Oral History Project consists of approximately twenty-five taped interviews conducted by Dr. Michael Cooke of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University concerning Black life in Appalachia, especially in Montgomery County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Black Appalachians Oral History Project consists of approximately twenty-five taped interviews conducted by Dr. Michael Cooke of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University concerning Black life in Appalachia, especially in Montgomery County, Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":34,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:45:59.287Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1829","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1829","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1829","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1829","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1829.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Black Appalachians Oral History Project","title_ssm":["Black Appalachians Oral History Project"],"title_tesim":["Black Appalachians Oral History Project"],"unitdate_ssm":["1991"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black Appalachians Oral History Project, 1991"],"text":["Black Appalachians Oral History Project, 1991","Ms.1991.019","Blacksburg (Va.)","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","African Americans -- History","Oral histories (literary works)","The collection is open to research.","The majority of the interviews in this collection have been digitized and are available online.","The collection is divided into two series: documents and taped interviews. Both sections are arranged in alphabetical order.","The guide to the Black Appalachians Oral History Project by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Black Appalachians Oral History Project was completed in 2001.","The Black Appalachians Oral History Project consists of approximately twenty-five taped interviews conducted by Dr. Michael Cooke of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University concerning black life in Appalachia, especially in Montgomery County, Virginia. The interviewees represented communities such as Blacksburg, Christiansburg, Elliston, Riner, Shawsville, and Wake Forest. Transcripts are currently available for six of the interviews.","See entry for Burns, Leola.","See entry for Scott, Valiere.","See entry for Lester, Thompson V., Sr.","See entry for Pack W. Waymon (A).","See entry for Scott, Valerie.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Black Appalachians Oral History Project consists of approximately twenty-five taped interviews conducted by Dr. Michael Cooke of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University concerning Black life in Appalachia, especially in Montgomery County, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Black Appalachians Oral History Project, 1991"],"collection_ssim":["Black Appalachians Oral History Project, 1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1991.019"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1991.019"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired by Special Collections and University Archives prior to 1992."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","African Americans -- History","Oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","African Americans -- History","Oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1991],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the interviews in this collection have been \u003ca href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/244\"\u003edigitized and are available online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["The majority of the interviews in this collection have been digitized and are available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into two series: documents and taped interviews. Both sections are arranged in alphabetical order.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into two series: documents and taped interviews. Both sections are arranged in alphabetical order."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Black Appalachians Oral History Project by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Black Appalachians Oral History Project by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black Appalachians Oral History Project, Ms1991-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black Appalachians Oral History Project, Ms1991-019, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Black Appalachians Oral History Project was completed in 2001.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Black Appalachians Oral History Project was completed in 2001."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Black Appalachians Oral History Project consists of approximately twenty-five taped interviews conducted by Dr. Michael Cooke of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University concerning black life in Appalachia, especially in Montgomery County, Virginia. The interviewees represented communities such as Blacksburg, Christiansburg, Elliston, Riner, Shawsville, and Wake Forest. Transcripts are currently available for six of the interviews.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSee entry for Burns, Leola.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee entry for Scott, Valiere.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee entry for Lester, Thompson V., Sr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee entry for Pack W. Waymon (A).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee entry for Scott, Valerie.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Black Appalachians Oral History Project consists of approximately twenty-five taped interviews conducted by Dr. Michael Cooke of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University concerning black life in Appalachia, especially in Montgomery County, Virginia. The interviewees represented communities such as Blacksburg, Christiansburg, Elliston, Riner, Shawsville, and Wake Forest. Transcripts are currently available for six of the interviews.","See entry for Burns, Leola.","See entry for Scott, Valiere.","See entry for Lester, Thompson V., Sr.","See entry for Pack W. Waymon (A).","See entry for Scott, Valerie."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5928a486043fb558dec90c26bb7db701\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Black Appalachians Oral History Project consists of approximately twenty-five taped interviews conducted by Dr. Michael Cooke of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University concerning Black life in Appalachia, especially in Montgomery County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Black Appalachians Oral History Project consists of approximately twenty-five taped interviews conducted by Dr. Michael Cooke of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University concerning Black life in Appalachia, especially in Montgomery County, Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":34,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:45:59.287Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1829"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779/1984","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1290.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers","title_ssm":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1779-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1779-1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1779/1984"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779/1984"],"text":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779/1984","Ms.1974.003","Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Genealogy","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Montgomery County (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Women -- History","The collection is open to research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","A microfilm edition of the diary, 1847-1850, of Harvey Black and the American Civil War diaries of John S. Apperson was made by the Library of Virginia in January 1976 and is available at the Library of Virginia in Richmond. The Civil War letters of Harvey Black were published in 1995 in a volume edited by Glenn L. McMullen, which is available in the Rare Book Collection and in Newman Library.","The papers are arranged into series corresponding to the creators of the material and subseries by type of material.","Series include the following:","Series I. Harvey Black Papers\nSeries II. Black Family Papers\nSeries III. Germanicus Kent Papers\nSeries IV. Black Family Business Records\nSeries V. John S. Apperson Papers\nSeries VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers\nSeries VII. Alexander Apperson Papers\nSeries VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks\nSeries IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company\nSeries X. Assorted Papers","This series is arranged by format.","This series is arranged by format.","Arranged alphabetically by name of family being researched.","In 1889, Elizabeth Black of Blacksburg, Virginia, married John Apperson of Marion, joining the Black and Kent families of Blacksburg with the Apperson family. Elizabeth Black's father Harvey Black and John S. Apperson served together in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade during the American Civil War. Black was a regimental surgeon and Apperson was a hospital steward under his command.","Harvey Black (1827-1888) was a native of Blacksburg and a grandson of town founder John Black. (Harvey Black did not use the e in his given name, but as an adult he regularly signed his name as H. Black and he was almost always identified publicly as Harvey Black.) After attending local schools, he began studying medicine under two local doctors. In 1847, he volunteered to serve in the Mexican War in the 1st Regiment Virginia Volunteers; three months later, he was made a hospital steward. He entered medical school at the University of Virginia in 1848 and graduated in June 1849. That fall, he took a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through the upper Mid-West as far west as Iowa. He decided to settle in Blacksburg and opened a medical practice there in 1852. The same year, he married Mary Kent of Blacksburg.","On August 2, 1861, Harvey Black was appointed regimental surgeon in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade, known as the Stonewall Brigade. John Apperson, who had enlisted with the Smyth Blues of Smyth County, Virginia, in April 1861, was appointed hospital steward under the command of Harvey Black in March 1862. Black and Apperson served together with the 4th regiment until late 1862. They provided medical care to the wounded at first Manassas, second Manassas, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. In late 1862, Black was appointed surgeon of the field hospital of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and brought Apperson with him. Both served in this hospital until the end of the war, taking care of recuperating soldiers who were wounded of the Second Corps' major engagements, including the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and the Spotsylvania Campaign in 1864. Black assisted Hunter Holmes McGuire with the amputation of Stonewall Jackson's arm on May 3, 1863.","After the Civil War, Harvey Black resumed his medical practice in Blacksburg. He was elected president of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1872. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg in 1872. He was the first rector of the Board of Visitors.","From 1786 to 1882, Harvey Black was Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg. In 1884, he was appointed to the board of a proposed state mental hospital for southwestern Virginia. In 1885, he was elected to represent Montgomery County in the House of Delegates and served two sessions. In the House, he influenced the decision to locate the new hospital in Marion. In 1887, Black became the first superintendent of the new Southwestern State Lunatic Asylum in Marion. He appointed John S. Apperson assistant physician there. Harvey Black died in Richmond in October 1888 and was buried in Westview Cemetery in Blacksburg.","John S. Apperson (1837-1908) was born in Locust Grove, Virginia, and moved to Smyth County in 1859. He took a job splitting rails and began to study medicine under local physician William Faris. In 1861, Apperson enlisted in the Smyth Blues, organized as Company D, 4th Virginia. After the Civil War, he studied medicine at the University of Virginia, earning a degree in 1867. He returned to Smyth County and married Victoria Hull in 1868. They lived in Chilhowie, and Apperson practiced medicine and farmed. They had seven children.","John Apperson's first wife died in 1887. The same year, he took a job as assistant physician under Harvey Black at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia in Marion. When Harvey Black died in 1888, Apperson resigned his position at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum and established a medical practice in Marion. In 1889, he married Elizabeth, daughter of his friend and mentor Harvey Black. They had four children: Harvey, Alexander, Kent, and Mary.","After his second marriage, John Apperson pursued a career in business. He was one of eight founders of Staley's Creek Manganese and Iron Company. In 1906, he expanded the operations of the Marion Foundry and Milling Company into the Marion Foundry and Machine Works. He also promoted the building of the Marion and Rye Valley Railroad.","In 1892, the Virginia Board of World's Fair Managers employed Apperson to collect items and transport Virginia exhibits to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. John Apperson died in Marion in 1908. His wife Elizabeth died in Blacksburg in 1942.","Harvey Black Apperson (1890-1948), the oldest child of John Apperson and Elizabeth Black, lived in Salem, Virginia, and practiced law in Roanoke for thirty years. He became active in Democratic Party politics in the 1920s. In a special election in 1933, he was elected to represent Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke counties and the cities of Radford and Roanoke in the State Senate. He served on the State Corporation Commission from 1944 to 1947 and was Chairman of the Commission from June 1944 to 1947. Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General in August 1947, and he took office October 7, 1947. He died suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Richmond on February 2, 1948. Alexander Apperson worked at the Marion Foundry and Machine Works for a period and later moved to Birmingham, Alabama.","Germanicus Kent (1791-1861) and Arabella Amiss Kent (1809-1951), parents of Harvey Black's wife Mary, are also documented in this collection. Germanicus Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, and attended Yale College. Circa 1822, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and worked as a cotton merchant. In 1827, he married Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg. According to a family account, Germanicus Kent left Huntsville in 1834 at the insistence of his brother Aratus Kent, a missionary in Illinois who opposed slavery. Aratus Kent was a founder of Beloit and Rockford colleges in Illinois. The family moved to Illinois in 1834. Lewis Kent (also known as Lewis Lemon), who was enslaved by Germanicus Kent in North Carolina when he was a boy, moved with the family and later purchased his freedom and settled in Iowa. Germanicus Kent is considered a founder of the town of Rockford, Illinois, and served in the Illinois state legislature. Mary Kent, born in 1836, was the first child of European ancestry born in Rockford. The family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg in 1843.","Sources\n      Glenn L. McMullen, \"Tending the Wounded: Two Virginians in the Confederate Medical Corps,\" Virginia Cavalcade, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Spring 1991), 172-183\n      A Surgeon with Stonewall Jackson: The Civil War Letters of Dr. Harvey Black, edited by Glenn L. McMullen (Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1995)\n      Biographical sketches of John S. Apperson by Glenn McMullen and of Harvey Black Apperson, by Crandall Shiflett in John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tartar, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1 (The Library of Virginia, 1998), 181-183\n      \"Germanicus A. Kent: Founder of Rockford, Illinois,\" published by the Rockford Historical Society, n.d.","The guide to the Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The papers were previously organized into three collections: the Black Family Papers, Ms1974-003; the Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-017; and the Kent Family Papers, Ms1974-018. They were further processed and merged into one collection in 2002. Additional description was completed in 2021.","Three boxes are unprocessed. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","This item was previously listed on the finding aid as \"General Store, Blacksburg, 1857-1862.\"","See the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","James Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031","Elizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045","Medical Bill Signed by Dr. Harvey Black, Ms2009-084","Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040","The Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779-1984 (bulk 1821-1948) documents the families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection comprises American Civil War letters of Dr. Harvey Black, Civil War diaries of John Apperson, records and correspondence pertaining to nineteenth-century Blacksburg residents Edwin Amiss, his sister Arabella Amiss Kent, and her husband Germanicus Kent, cotton trader and Rockford, Illinois pioneer; and account books, correspondence, and photographs of several members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection is divided into the following major series: Harvey Black Papers, Black Family Papers, Germanicus Kent Papers, Black Family Business Records, John S. Apperson Papers, Mary E. Apperson Papers, Alexander Apperson Papers, and Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks.","Series I. Harvey Black Papers, 1847-1888, contains the following subseries: Diaries, Civil War Letters, General Correspondence, Medical Career Records, and Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. It also includes one photograph, ca. 1865, of Harvey Black.","Dating 1861 to 1864, the Civil War Letters document Black's experiences as a regimental surgeon in the Stonewall Brigade and as surgeon in charge of the Second Corps field hospital. The series comprises letters Black wrote to his wife Mary (Molly) in Blacksburg. Black usually wrote to his wife two to three days after a major battle and reported who, from Blacksburg, had been killed or wounded. He describes the effects of disease on the troops, looking for his brother-in-law Lewis Kent among the Union wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the delirium of Stonewall Jackson as he lay dying at Guinea Station, and the difficulties of keeping his family clothed and fed during the war.","The Diaries consist of a short diary Black kept of his journey from Christiansburg to Mexico to fight in the Mexican War and a diary of a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through West Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee in the fall of 1849. The Mexican War diary details Black's trip from Christiansburg to Norfolk and eventually Buena Vista, but provides little information about serving in the war. Both diaries contain mainly Black's observations about the towns and cities he passes through. The diary of the trip west compares culture and society in Virginia and the West and references encounters with Virginians who had moved west.","General Correspondence, 1847-1871, comprises two letters Black wrote while he was studying medicine at the University of Virginia, his proposal of marriage to Mary (Molly) Kent, and a folder of letters Black received from family members between 1848 and 1871. One letter describes pioneering in Island County, Washington Territory, in 1853; and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regard the establishment of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, forerunner of Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg.","The Medical Career Records, dating 1848 to 1888, documents Harvey Black's medical career before and after the Civil War and letters of recommendation for the position of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia and the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia. This series also contains an 1887 annual report for the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia.","The Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College Records span the years 1870 to 1873. This small series consists of a subscription list for the Preston and Olin Institute, an early history of the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and certificates of appointment to the college's Board of Visitors.","Series II. Black Family Papers, 1779-1911 (bulk 1845-1911): Materials include an 1845 bill of sale for an enslaved girl named Adaline; an 1856 letter from Charles to Alexander Black; photographs of Alexander Black, Kent Black, and Kent's wife Mary Bell Black; a 1911 letter from Mary Kent to her children; and a quilt given to Kent Black by his medical patients, ca. 1890. Additionally, the series has the wedding register of Mary and Kent Black and an invitation to the 1885 Blacksburg Grand Annual Ball.","Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers, 1818-1899: The series comprises Germanicus Kent's cotton books and correspondence with his sons Lewis and John, his brother Aratus Kent, and his brother-in- law Edwin Amiss. The cotton books document Kent's experience as a cotton merchant based in Huntsville, Alabama, 1821 to 1823. They provide lists of cotton prices and copies of correspondence to clients in Nashville and New Orleans. The correspondence describes life in Blacksburg in the 1830s, the Kent family's decision to settle in Virginia after living in Illinois, and Kent's business investments in the west and in Blacksburg. Letters from Edwin Amiss to Arabella and Germanicus Kent pertain to Arabella Kent continuing to enslave people by inheriting her mother's estate. An 1860 letter from Germanicus Kent to Aratus Kent discusses Germanicus Kent's desire to establish contact with the man he formerly enslaved Lewis Lemon Kent, then living in Iowa.","Series IV. Black Family Business Records, 1832-1924: Account books for mercantile establishments in Blacksburg make up the bulk of this series.. It also contains an account book for A.W. Luster; a 1908 inventory for W. Stone \u0026 Son; and a copy of an undated newspaper advertisement for A. Black and Company.","Series V. John S. Apperson Papers, 1858-1915: John Apperson's Civil War Diary is the centerpiece. The diary consist of Apperson's account of his journey, in 1859, from his home in Locust Grove, Virginia to Smyth County in Southwest Virginia. In the Civil War diaries, he describes medical care of soldiers and lists monthly figures of wounded and dead for the Second Corps field hospital. He discusses going onto the battlefield after the fighting stopped at First Manassas, the scene on the morning of the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; performing his first amputation; and his efforts to continue his medical education during the Civil War. Additionally, this series contains correspondence about Apperson's business career, 1900 and 1910, a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, and photographs of John Apperson, Elizabeth Black, and their children.","Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers, 1889-1977, and Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers, 1827-1984: Research files on the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion compose the bulk of these two series. Materials also include publications pertaining to family history; correspondence with the Rockford, Illinois Historical Society regarding research on Germanicus Kent; correspondence related to other genealogy research; the recollections of Elizabeth Black Apperson about Blacksburg history and buildings; family photographs and a photograph, ca. 1900, of the Alexander Black house in Blacksburg; and family artifacts.","Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks, 1933-1950: The scrapbooks largely consist of newspaper clippings detailing Harvey B. Apperson's political career and Democratic Party politics in the Roanoke area in the 1930s and in Richmond in the 1940s. Additionally, there are letters and telegrams of congratulation Apperson received when he was appointed Attorney General of Virginia in 1947, telegrams and letters of condolence his wife received upon his death four months later, photographs, and political ephemera.","Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company, 1826-1965: Legal documents and correspondence pertain to the division of proceeds of mining investments among the Apperson descendants of Harvey Black. The series also contains maps of Black and Apperson property in Blacksburg, ca. 1949.","Series X. Assorted Papers, 1872, 1912: The last series includes two items, the Louise Caton Travel Diary, 1912, and The Christian Union publication, 1872. The diary of Louise Caton's four-month tour of Europe in 1912 describes her voyage from New York to Genoa on the Laxmia and from Liverpool back to New York on the Celtic. The relationship of Louise Caton to the Black, Kent, and Apperson families is unknown.","This small series includes a letter Harvey Black received from family who had settled in Wisconsin; a letter from a member of the Crockett family pioneering in Washington Territory, and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regarding the establishment of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg.","In this subseries of five letters from Germanicus Kent to his sons and his brother Aratus, Kent discusses investments, family, and Lewis Lemon (Kent), who bought his freedom from Kent ca. 1835.","This folder contains four family letters presumed to pertain to the extended Kent Amiss family. The correspondents are Edith Boggs, David and E. Cook, Mary Sloutermires, William G., and his son Nelson.","Accounts and correspondence in these two bound cotton books detail Germanicus Kent's business as a cotton merchant in Huntsville, Alabama.","Materials corncern the Kent family's move from Alabama to Illinois.","This file contains a contract outlining the terms of a proposed business partnership between Edwin Amiss and Germanicus Kent and a contract to build a home in Blacksburg.","This series is composed primarily of five ledgers containing alphabetically indexed customer account histories for various mercantile establishments, probably in Blacksburg. Also included are documents and correspondence pertaining to Black family investments in oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.","This ledger includes an inventory, July 1908, for W. Stone \u0026 Son.","This subseries comprises documents pertaining to investments in the Radford Land Improvement Company, 1889; the Radford West End Land Company, 1909; and oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.","This subseries comprises miscellaneous receipts, 1862; Business Correspondence, 1900-1910; and a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, 1915.","These letters discuss the illness of the daughter of Mrs. Cyprus McCormick and John S. Apperson.","This file contains newspaper clippings on Blacksburg history and members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families.","The Directory's cover illustration is a photograph of a sculpture commemorating the role played by Germanicus Kent and Lewis Lemon, Kent's former slave, in the founding of Rockford, Illinois.","This series is primarily composed of research files on the genealogy of the Black, Kent, Apperson and related families. It also contains family photographs, including a picture of the Alexander Black House, later burned, ca. 1900; a folder of correspondence pertaining to Alexander Black's service on the vestry of Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954; a 1914 edition of \"The X-Ray,\" the yearbook of Marion High School; and a program from the 1962 annual convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This subseries contains one folder of correspondence pertaining to a proposed memorial to Harvey Black at Virginia Tech from 1953; one folder of correspondence concerning Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954, and one letter, 1934, from A.J. Oliver to Harvey Black Apperson, discussing Oliver's father, who worked for Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in the 1870s and helped plant the first trees on the campus.","This subseries includes the Marion High School yearbook, 1914; and a program from the Sixty-seventh Annual Convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1962.","This subseries comprises correspondence, applications to family heritage organizations, and copies of documents regarding genealogy research on the Black, Kent, Apperson, and related families.","File contains three items in French.","Documents in this subseries pertain to applications, by members of the Black family, for membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution, Huguenot Society, Magna Carta Barons, National Society of Colonial Wars, and the Society of Colonial Dames.","Scrapbooks contain newspaper clippings, incoming correspondence and telegrams, photographs, and ephemera documenting Harvey Apperson's political career from 1933, when he ran for the State Senate, to his death in 1948, four months after Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General.","Five scrapbooks and one box of items removed from the scrapbooks and copied for preservation. Photographs and ephemera removed from the scrapbooks are stored in Box 15.","This series is comprised of deeds, reports, correspondence, lease agreements, and receipts pertaining to Apperson family investments in mining operations at Poverty Hollow, Tom's Creek Road, the Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company, and M.C. Slusser and Company. It also contains maps of Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company coal land sold to the Hoge heirs in 1928 and maps showing property owned by the Alexander and Lizzie O. Black estate and Apperson Properties in 1937 and 1948.","The diary is an account of Louise Caton's voyage from New York to Genoa, Italy, her travels through Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Holland, France, and England, and her return from Liverpool to New York in the summer of 1912.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family","Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779/1984"],"collection_ssim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779/1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1974.003"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1974.003"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Apperson family","Black family","Kent family"],"creators_ssim":["Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers were donated to Virginia Tech from 1955 to 1990. The American Civil War letters of Harvey Black and the Civil War diaries of John Apperson were donated in 1974."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Genealogy","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Montgomery County (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Genealogy","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Montgomery County (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["ca. 7 Cubic Feet 21 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["ca. 7 Cubic Feet 21 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca show=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/38\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA microfilm edition of the diary, 1847-1850, of Harvey Black and the American Civil War diaries of John S. Apperson was made by the Library of Virginia in January 1976 and is available at the Library of Virginia in Richmond. The Civil War letters of Harvey Black were published in 1995 in a volume edited by Glenn L. McMullen, which is available in the Rare Book Collection and in Newman Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","A microfilm edition of the diary, 1847-1850, of Harvey Black and the American Civil War diaries of John S. Apperson was made by the Library of Virginia in January 1976 and is available at the Library of Virginia in Richmond. The Civil War letters of Harvey Black were published in 1995 in a volume edited by Glenn L. McMullen, which is available in the Rare Book Collection and in Newman Library."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged into series corresponding to the creators of the material and subseries by type of material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries include the following:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Harvey Black Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Black Family Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III. Germanicus Kent Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Black Family Business Records\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V. John S. Apperson Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Alexander Apperson Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X. Assorted Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged by format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged by format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by name of family being researched.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged into series corresponding to the creators of the material and subseries by type of material.","Series include the following:","Series I. Harvey Black Papers\nSeries II. Black Family Papers\nSeries III. Germanicus Kent Papers\nSeries IV. Black Family Business Records\nSeries V. John S. Apperson Papers\nSeries VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers\nSeries VII. Alexander Apperson Papers\nSeries VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks\nSeries IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company\nSeries X. Assorted Papers","This series is arranged by format.","This series is arranged by format.","Arranged alphabetically by name of family being researched."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1889, Elizabeth Black of Blacksburg, Virginia, married John Apperson of Marion, joining the Black and Kent families of Blacksburg with the Apperson family. Elizabeth Black's father Harvey Black and John S. Apperson served together in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade during the American Civil War. Black was a regimental surgeon and Apperson was a hospital steward under his command.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarvey Black (1827-1888) was a native of Blacksburg and a grandson of town founder John Black. (Harvey Black did not use the e in his given name, but as an adult he regularly signed his name as H. Black and he was almost always identified publicly as Harvey Black.) After attending local schools, he began studying medicine under two local doctors. In 1847, he volunteered to serve in the Mexican War in the 1st Regiment Virginia Volunteers; three months later, he was made a hospital steward. He entered medical school at the University of Virginia in 1848 and graduated in June 1849. That fall, he took a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through the upper Mid-West as far west as Iowa. He decided to settle in Blacksburg and opened a medical practice there in 1852. The same year, he married Mary Kent of Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn August 2, 1861, Harvey Black was appointed regimental surgeon in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade, known as the Stonewall Brigade. John Apperson, who had enlisted with the Smyth Blues of Smyth County, Virginia, in April 1861, was appointed hospital steward under the command of Harvey Black in March 1862. Black and Apperson served together with the 4th regiment until late 1862. They provided medical care to the wounded at first Manassas, second Manassas, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. In late 1862, Black was appointed surgeon of the field hospital of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and brought Apperson with him. Both served in this hospital until the end of the war, taking care of recuperating soldiers who were wounded of the Second Corps' major engagements, including the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and the Spotsylvania Campaign in 1864. Black assisted Hunter Holmes McGuire with the amputation of Stonewall Jackson's arm on May 3, 1863.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Civil War, Harvey Black resumed his medical practice in Blacksburg. He was elected president of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1872. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg in 1872. He was the first rector of the Board of Visitors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1786 to 1882, Harvey Black was Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg. In 1884, he was appointed to the board of a proposed state mental hospital for southwestern Virginia. In 1885, he was elected to represent Montgomery County in the House of Delegates and served two sessions. In the House, he influenced the decision to locate the new hospital in Marion. In 1887, Black became the first superintendent of the new Southwestern State Lunatic Asylum in Marion. He appointed John S. Apperson assistant physician there. Harvey Black died in Richmond in October 1888 and was buried in Westview Cemetery in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn S. Apperson (1837-1908) was born in Locust Grove, Virginia, and moved to Smyth County in 1859. He took a job splitting rails and began to study medicine under local physician William Faris. In 1861, Apperson enlisted in the Smyth Blues, organized as Company D, 4th Virginia. After the Civil War, he studied medicine at the University of Virginia, earning a degree in 1867. He returned to Smyth County and married Victoria Hull in 1868. They lived in Chilhowie, and Apperson practiced medicine and farmed. They had seven children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Apperson's first wife died in 1887. The same year, he took a job as assistant physician under Harvey Black at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia in Marion. When Harvey Black died in 1888, Apperson resigned his position at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum and established a medical practice in Marion. In 1889, he married Elizabeth, daughter of his friend and mentor Harvey Black. They had four children: Harvey, Alexander, Kent, and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter his second marriage, John Apperson pursued a career in business. He was one of eight founders of Staley's Creek Manganese and Iron Company. In 1906, he expanded the operations of the Marion Foundry and Milling Company into the Marion Foundry and Machine Works. He also promoted the building of the Marion and Rye Valley Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1892, the Virginia Board of World's Fair Managers employed Apperson to collect items and transport Virginia exhibits to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. John Apperson died in Marion in 1908. His wife Elizabeth died in Blacksburg in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarvey Black Apperson (1890-1948), the oldest child of John Apperson and Elizabeth Black, lived in Salem, Virginia, and practiced law in Roanoke for thirty years. He became active in Democratic Party politics in the 1920s. In a special election in 1933, he was elected to represent Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke counties and the cities of Radford and Roanoke in the State Senate. He served on the State Corporation Commission from 1944 to 1947 and was Chairman of the Commission from June 1944 to 1947. Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General in August 1947, and he took office October 7, 1947. He died suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Richmond on February 2, 1948. Alexander Apperson worked at the Marion Foundry and Machine Works for a period and later moved to Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGermanicus Kent (1791-1861) and Arabella Amiss Kent (1809-1951), parents of Harvey Black's wife Mary, are also documented in this collection. Germanicus Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, and attended Yale College. Circa 1822, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and worked as a cotton merchant. In 1827, he married Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg. According to a family account, Germanicus Kent left Huntsville in 1834 at the insistence of his brother Aratus Kent, a missionary in Illinois who opposed slavery. Aratus Kent was a founder of Beloit and Rockford colleges in Illinois. The family moved to Illinois in 1834. Lewis Kent (also known as Lewis Lemon), who was enslaved by Germanicus Kent in North Carolina when he was a boy, moved with the family and later purchased his freedom and settled in Iowa. Germanicus Kent is considered a founder of the town of Rockford, Illinois, and served in the Illinois state legislature. Mary Kent, born in 1836, was the first child of European ancestry born in Rockford. The family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg in 1843.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSources\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGlenn L. McMullen, \"Tending the Wounded: Two Virginians in the Confederate Medical Corps,\" Virginia Cavalcade, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Spring 1991), 172-183\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eA Surgeon with Stonewall Jackson: The Civil War Letters of Dr. Harvey Black, edited by Glenn L. McMullen (Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1995)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBiographical sketches of John S. Apperson by Glenn McMullen and of Harvey Black Apperson, by Crandall Shiflett in John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tartar, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1 (The Library of Virginia, 1998), 181-183\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Germanicus A. Kent: Founder of Rockford, Illinois,\" published by the Rockford Historical Society, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1889, Elizabeth Black of Blacksburg, Virginia, married John Apperson of Marion, joining the Black and Kent families of Blacksburg with the Apperson family. Elizabeth Black's father Harvey Black and John S. Apperson served together in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade during the American Civil War. Black was a regimental surgeon and Apperson was a hospital steward under his command.","Harvey Black (1827-1888) was a native of Blacksburg and a grandson of town founder John Black. (Harvey Black did not use the e in his given name, but as an adult he regularly signed his name as H. Black and he was almost always identified publicly as Harvey Black.) After attending local schools, he began studying medicine under two local doctors. In 1847, he volunteered to serve in the Mexican War in the 1st Regiment Virginia Volunteers; three months later, he was made a hospital steward. He entered medical school at the University of Virginia in 1848 and graduated in June 1849. That fall, he took a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through the upper Mid-West as far west as Iowa. He decided to settle in Blacksburg and opened a medical practice there in 1852. The same year, he married Mary Kent of Blacksburg.","On August 2, 1861, Harvey Black was appointed regimental surgeon in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade, known as the Stonewall Brigade. John Apperson, who had enlisted with the Smyth Blues of Smyth County, Virginia, in April 1861, was appointed hospital steward under the command of Harvey Black in March 1862. Black and Apperson served together with the 4th regiment until late 1862. They provided medical care to the wounded at first Manassas, second Manassas, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. In late 1862, Black was appointed surgeon of the field hospital of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and brought Apperson with him. Both served in this hospital until the end of the war, taking care of recuperating soldiers who were wounded of the Second Corps' major engagements, including the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and the Spotsylvania Campaign in 1864. Black assisted Hunter Holmes McGuire with the amputation of Stonewall Jackson's arm on May 3, 1863.","After the Civil War, Harvey Black resumed his medical practice in Blacksburg. He was elected president of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1872. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg in 1872. He was the first rector of the Board of Visitors.","From 1786 to 1882, Harvey Black was Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg. In 1884, he was appointed to the board of a proposed state mental hospital for southwestern Virginia. In 1885, he was elected to represent Montgomery County in the House of Delegates and served two sessions. In the House, he influenced the decision to locate the new hospital in Marion. In 1887, Black became the first superintendent of the new Southwestern State Lunatic Asylum in Marion. He appointed John S. Apperson assistant physician there. Harvey Black died in Richmond in October 1888 and was buried in Westview Cemetery in Blacksburg.","John S. Apperson (1837-1908) was born in Locust Grove, Virginia, and moved to Smyth County in 1859. He took a job splitting rails and began to study medicine under local physician William Faris. In 1861, Apperson enlisted in the Smyth Blues, organized as Company D, 4th Virginia. After the Civil War, he studied medicine at the University of Virginia, earning a degree in 1867. He returned to Smyth County and married Victoria Hull in 1868. They lived in Chilhowie, and Apperson practiced medicine and farmed. They had seven children.","John Apperson's first wife died in 1887. The same year, he took a job as assistant physician under Harvey Black at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia in Marion. When Harvey Black died in 1888, Apperson resigned his position at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum and established a medical practice in Marion. In 1889, he married Elizabeth, daughter of his friend and mentor Harvey Black. They had four children: Harvey, Alexander, Kent, and Mary.","After his second marriage, John Apperson pursued a career in business. He was one of eight founders of Staley's Creek Manganese and Iron Company. In 1906, he expanded the operations of the Marion Foundry and Milling Company into the Marion Foundry and Machine Works. He also promoted the building of the Marion and Rye Valley Railroad.","In 1892, the Virginia Board of World's Fair Managers employed Apperson to collect items and transport Virginia exhibits to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. John Apperson died in Marion in 1908. His wife Elizabeth died in Blacksburg in 1942.","Harvey Black Apperson (1890-1948), the oldest child of John Apperson and Elizabeth Black, lived in Salem, Virginia, and practiced law in Roanoke for thirty years. He became active in Democratic Party politics in the 1920s. In a special election in 1933, he was elected to represent Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke counties and the cities of Radford and Roanoke in the State Senate. He served on the State Corporation Commission from 1944 to 1947 and was Chairman of the Commission from June 1944 to 1947. Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General in August 1947, and he took office October 7, 1947. He died suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Richmond on February 2, 1948. Alexander Apperson worked at the Marion Foundry and Machine Works for a period and later moved to Birmingham, Alabama.","Germanicus Kent (1791-1861) and Arabella Amiss Kent (1809-1951), parents of Harvey Black's wife Mary, are also documented in this collection. Germanicus Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, and attended Yale College. Circa 1822, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and worked as a cotton merchant. In 1827, he married Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg. According to a family account, Germanicus Kent left Huntsville in 1834 at the insistence of his brother Aratus Kent, a missionary in Illinois who opposed slavery. Aratus Kent was a founder of Beloit and Rockford colleges in Illinois. The family moved to Illinois in 1834. Lewis Kent (also known as Lewis Lemon), who was enslaved by Germanicus Kent in North Carolina when he was a boy, moved with the family and later purchased his freedom and settled in Iowa. Germanicus Kent is considered a founder of the town of Rockford, Illinois, and served in the Illinois state legislature. Mary Kent, born in 1836, was the first child of European ancestry born in Rockford. The family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg in 1843.","Sources\n      Glenn L. McMullen, \"Tending the Wounded: Two Virginians in the Confederate Medical Corps,\" Virginia Cavalcade, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Spring 1991), 172-183\n      A Surgeon with Stonewall Jackson: The Civil War Letters of Dr. Harvey Black, edited by Glenn L. McMullen (Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1995)\n      Biographical sketches of John S. Apperson by Glenn McMullen and of Harvey Black Apperson, by Crandall Shiflett in John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tartar, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1 (The Library of Virginia, 1998), 181-183\n      \"Germanicus A. Kent: Founder of Rockford, Illinois,\" published by the Rockford Historical Society, n.d."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers were previously organized into three collections: the Black Family Papers, Ms1974-003; the Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-017; and the Kent Family Papers, Ms1974-018. They were further processed and merged into one collection in 2002. Additional description was completed in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree boxes are unprocessed. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis item was previously listed on the finding aid as \"General Store, Blacksburg, 1857-1862.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The papers were previously organized into three collections: the Black Family Papers, Ms1974-003; the Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-017; and the Kent Family Papers, Ms1974-018. They were further processed and merged into one collection in 2002. Additional description was completed in 2021.","Three boxes are unprocessed. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","This item was previously listed on the finding aid as \"General Store, Blacksburg, 1857-1862.\""],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1474.xml\"\u003eJames Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1779.xml\"\u003eElizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2503.xml\"\u003eMedical Bill Signed by Dr. Harvey Black, Ms2009-084\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2361.xml\"\u003eBell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","James Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031","Elizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045","Medical Bill Signed by Dr. Harvey Black, Ms2009-084","Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779-1984 (bulk 1821-1948) documents the families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection comprises American Civil War letters of Dr. Harvey Black, Civil War diaries of John Apperson, records and correspondence pertaining to nineteenth-century Blacksburg residents Edwin Amiss, his sister Arabella Amiss Kent, and her husband Germanicus Kent, cotton trader and Rockford, Illinois pioneer; and account books, correspondence, and photographs of several members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection is divided into the following major series: Harvey Black Papers, Black Family Papers, Germanicus Kent Papers, Black Family Business Records, John S. Apperson Papers, Mary E. Apperson Papers, Alexander Apperson Papers, and Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Harvey Black Papers, 1847-1888, contains the following subseries: Diaries, Civil War Letters, General Correspondence, Medical Career Records, and Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. It also includes one photograph, ca. 1865, of Harvey Black.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDating 1861 to 1864, the Civil War Letters document Black's experiences as a regimental surgeon in the Stonewall Brigade and as surgeon in charge of the Second Corps field hospital. The series comprises letters Black wrote to his wife Mary (Molly) in Blacksburg. Black usually wrote to his wife two to three days after a major battle and reported who, from Blacksburg, had been killed or wounded. He describes the effects of disease on the troops, looking for his brother-in-law Lewis Kent among the Union wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the delirium of Stonewall Jackson as he lay dying at Guinea Station, and the difficulties of keeping his family clothed and fed during the war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Diaries consist of a short diary Black kept of his journey from Christiansburg to Mexico to fight in the Mexican War and a diary of a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through West Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee in the fall of 1849. The Mexican War diary details Black's trip from Christiansburg to Norfolk and eventually Buena Vista, but provides little information about serving in the war. Both diaries contain mainly Black's observations about the towns and cities he passes through. The diary of the trip west compares culture and society in Virginia and the West and references encounters with Virginians who had moved west.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Correspondence, 1847-1871, comprises two letters Black wrote while he was studying medicine at the University of Virginia, his proposal of marriage to Mary (Molly) Kent, and a folder of letters Black received from family members between 1848 and 1871. One letter describes pioneering in Island County, Washington Territory, in 1853; and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regard the establishment of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, forerunner of Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Medical Career Records, dating 1848 to 1888, documents Harvey Black's medical career before and after the Civil War and letters of recommendation for the position of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia and the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia. This series also contains an 1887 annual report for the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College Records span the years 1870 to 1873. This small series consists of a subscription list for the Preston and Olin Institute, an early history of the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and certificates of appointment to the college's Board of Visitors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Black Family Papers, 1779-1911 (bulk 1845-1911): Materials include an 1845 bill of sale for an enslaved girl named Adaline; an 1856 letter from Charles to Alexander Black; photographs of Alexander Black, Kent Black, and Kent's wife Mary Bell Black; a 1911 letter from Mary Kent to her children; and a quilt given to Kent Black by his medical patients, ca. 1890. Additionally, the series has the wedding register of Mary and Kent Black and an invitation to the 1885 Blacksburg Grand Annual Ball.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Germanicus Kent Papers, 1818-1899: The series comprises Germanicus Kent's cotton books and correspondence with his sons Lewis and John, his brother Aratus Kent, and his brother-in- law Edwin Amiss. The cotton books document Kent's experience as a cotton merchant based in Huntsville, Alabama, 1821 to 1823. They provide lists of cotton prices and copies of correspondence to clients in Nashville and New Orleans. The correspondence describes life in Blacksburg in the 1830s, the Kent family's decision to settle in Virginia after living in Illinois, and Kent's business investments in the west and in Blacksburg. Letters from Edwin Amiss to Arabella and Germanicus Kent pertain to Arabella Kent continuing to enslave people by inheriting her mother's estate. An 1860 letter from Germanicus Kent to Aratus Kent discusses Germanicus Kent's desire to establish contact with the man he formerly enslaved Lewis Lemon Kent, then living in Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Black Family Business Records, 1832-1924: Account books for mercantile establishments in Blacksburg make up the bulk of this series.. It also contains an account book for A.W. Luster; a 1908 inventory for W. Stone \u0026amp; Son; and a copy of an undated newspaper advertisement for A. Black and Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. John S. Apperson Papers, 1858-1915: John Apperson's Civil War Diary is the centerpiece. The diary consist of Apperson's account of his journey, in 1859, from his home in Locust Grove, Virginia to Smyth County in Southwest Virginia. In the Civil War diaries, he describes medical care of soldiers and lists monthly figures of wounded and dead for the Second Corps field hospital. He discusses going onto the battlefield after the fighting stopped at First Manassas, the scene on the morning of the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; performing his first amputation; and his efforts to continue his medical education during the Civil War. Additionally, this series contains correspondence about Apperson's business career, 1900 and 1910, a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, and photographs of John Apperson, Elizabeth Black, and their children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers, 1889-1977, and Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers, 1827-1984: Research files on the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion compose the bulk of these two series. Materials also include publications pertaining to family history; correspondence with the Rockford, Illinois Historical Society regarding research on Germanicus Kent; correspondence related to other genealogy research; the recollections of Elizabeth Black Apperson about Blacksburg history and buildings; family photographs and a photograph, ca. 1900, of the Alexander Black house in Blacksburg; and family artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks, 1933-1950: The scrapbooks largely consist of newspaper clippings detailing Harvey B. Apperson's political career and Democratic Party politics in the Roanoke area in the 1930s and in Richmond in the 1940s. Additionally, there are letters and telegrams of congratulation Apperson received when he was appointed Attorney General of Virginia in 1947, telegrams and letters of condolence his wife received upon his death four months later, photographs, and political ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company, 1826-1965: Legal documents and correspondence pertain to the division of proceeds of mining investments among the Apperson descendants of Harvey Black. The series also contains maps of Black and Apperson property in Blacksburg, ca. 1949.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries X. Assorted Papers, 1872, 1912: The last series includes two items, the Louise Caton Travel Diary, 1912, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Christian Union\u003c/emph\u003e publication, 1872. The diary of Louise Caton's four-month tour of Europe in 1912 describes her voyage from New York to Genoa on the Laxmia and from Liverpool back to New York on the Celtic. The relationship of Louise Caton to the Black, Kent, and Apperson families is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis small series includes a letter Harvey Black received from family who had settled in Wisconsin; a letter from a member of the Crockett family pioneering in Washington Territory, and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regarding the establishment of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this subseries of five letters from Germanicus Kent to his sons and his brother Aratus, Kent discusses investments, family, and Lewis Lemon (Kent), who bought his freedom from Kent ca. 1835.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains four family letters presumed to pertain to the extended Kent Amiss family. The correspondents are Edith Boggs, David and E. Cook, Mary Sloutermires, William G., and his son Nelson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccounts and correspondence in these two bound cotton books detail Germanicus Kent's business as a cotton merchant in Huntsville, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials corncern the Kent family's move from Alabama to Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains a contract outlining the terms of a proposed business partnership between Edwin Amiss and Germanicus Kent and a contract to build a home in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is composed primarily of five ledgers containing alphabetically indexed customer account histories for various mercantile establishments, probably in Blacksburg. Also included are documents and correspondence pertaining to Black family investments in oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis ledger includes an inventory, July 1908, for W. Stone \u0026amp; Son.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries comprises documents pertaining to investments in the Radford Land Improvement Company, 1889; the Radford West End Land Company, 1909; and oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries comprises miscellaneous receipts, 1862; Business Correspondence, 1900-1910; and a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, 1915.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters discuss the illness of the daughter of Mrs. Cyprus McCormick and John S. Apperson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains newspaper clippings on Blacksburg history and members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Directory's cover illustration is a photograph of a sculpture commemorating the role played by Germanicus Kent and Lewis Lemon, Kent's former slave, in the founding of Rockford, Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is primarily composed of research files on the genealogy of the Black, Kent, Apperson and related families. It also contains family photographs, including a picture of the Alexander Black House, later burned, ca. 1900; a folder of correspondence pertaining to Alexander Black's service on the vestry of Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954; a 1914 edition of \"The X-Ray,\" the yearbook of Marion High School; and a program from the 1962 annual convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains one folder of correspondence pertaining to a proposed memorial to Harvey Black at Virginia Tech from 1953; one folder of correspondence concerning Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954, and one letter, 1934, from A.J. Oliver to Harvey Black Apperson, discussing Oliver's father, who worked for Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in the 1870s and helped plant the first trees on the campus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries includes the Marion High School yearbook, 1914; and a program from the Sixty-seventh Annual Convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1962.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries comprises correspondence, applications to family heritage organizations, and copies of documents regarding genealogy research on the Black, Kent, Apperson, and related families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile contains three items in French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments in this subseries pertain to applications, by members of the Black family, for membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution, Huguenot Society, Magna Carta Barons, National Society of Colonial Wars, and the Society of Colonial Dames.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks contain newspaper clippings, incoming correspondence and telegrams, photographs, and ephemera documenting Harvey Apperson's political career from 1933, when he ran for the State Senate, to his death in 1948, four months after Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive scrapbooks and one box of items removed from the scrapbooks and copied for preservation. Photographs and ephemera removed from the scrapbooks are stored in Box 15.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of deeds, reports, correspondence, lease agreements, and receipts pertaining to Apperson family investments in mining operations at Poverty Hollow, Tom's Creek Road, the Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company, and M.C. Slusser and Company. It also contains maps of Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company coal land sold to the Hoge heirs in 1928 and maps showing property owned by the Alexander and Lizzie O. Black estate and Apperson Properties in 1937 and 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe diary is an account of Louise Caton's voyage from New York to Genoa, Italy, her travels through Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Holland, France, and England, and her return from Liverpool to New York in the summer of 1912.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779-1984 (bulk 1821-1948) documents the families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection comprises American Civil War letters of Dr. Harvey Black, Civil War diaries of John Apperson, records and correspondence pertaining to nineteenth-century Blacksburg residents Edwin Amiss, his sister Arabella Amiss Kent, and her husband Germanicus Kent, cotton trader and Rockford, Illinois pioneer; and account books, correspondence, and photographs of several members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection is divided into the following major series: Harvey Black Papers, Black Family Papers, Germanicus Kent Papers, Black Family Business Records, John S. Apperson Papers, Mary E. Apperson Papers, Alexander Apperson Papers, and Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks.","Series I. Harvey Black Papers, 1847-1888, contains the following subseries: Diaries, Civil War Letters, General Correspondence, Medical Career Records, and Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. It also includes one photograph, ca. 1865, of Harvey Black.","Dating 1861 to 1864, the Civil War Letters document Black's experiences as a regimental surgeon in the Stonewall Brigade and as surgeon in charge of the Second Corps field hospital. The series comprises letters Black wrote to his wife Mary (Molly) in Blacksburg. Black usually wrote to his wife two to three days after a major battle and reported who, from Blacksburg, had been killed or wounded. He describes the effects of disease on the troops, looking for his brother-in-law Lewis Kent among the Union wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the delirium of Stonewall Jackson as he lay dying at Guinea Station, and the difficulties of keeping his family clothed and fed during the war.","The Diaries consist of a short diary Black kept of his journey from Christiansburg to Mexico to fight in the Mexican War and a diary of a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through West Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee in the fall of 1849. The Mexican War diary details Black's trip from Christiansburg to Norfolk and eventually Buena Vista, but provides little information about serving in the war. Both diaries contain mainly Black's observations about the towns and cities he passes through. The diary of the trip west compares culture and society in Virginia and the West and references encounters with Virginians who had moved west.","General Correspondence, 1847-1871, comprises two letters Black wrote while he was studying medicine at the University of Virginia, his proposal of marriage to Mary (Molly) Kent, and a folder of letters Black received from family members between 1848 and 1871. One letter describes pioneering in Island County, Washington Territory, in 1853; and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regard the establishment of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, forerunner of Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg.","The Medical Career Records, dating 1848 to 1888, documents Harvey Black's medical career before and after the Civil War and letters of recommendation for the position of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia and the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia. This series also contains an 1887 annual report for the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia.","The Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College Records span the years 1870 to 1873. This small series consists of a subscription list for the Preston and Olin Institute, an early history of the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and certificates of appointment to the college's Board of Visitors.","Series II. Black Family Papers, 1779-1911 (bulk 1845-1911): Materials include an 1845 bill of sale for an enslaved girl named Adaline; an 1856 letter from Charles to Alexander Black; photographs of Alexander Black, Kent Black, and Kent's wife Mary Bell Black; a 1911 letter from Mary Kent to her children; and a quilt given to Kent Black by his medical patients, ca. 1890. Additionally, the series has the wedding register of Mary and Kent Black and an invitation to the 1885 Blacksburg Grand Annual Ball.","Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers, 1818-1899: The series comprises Germanicus Kent's cotton books and correspondence with his sons Lewis and John, his brother Aratus Kent, and his brother-in- law Edwin Amiss. The cotton books document Kent's experience as a cotton merchant based in Huntsville, Alabama, 1821 to 1823. They provide lists of cotton prices and copies of correspondence to clients in Nashville and New Orleans. The correspondence describes life in Blacksburg in the 1830s, the Kent family's decision to settle in Virginia after living in Illinois, and Kent's business investments in the west and in Blacksburg. Letters from Edwin Amiss to Arabella and Germanicus Kent pertain to Arabella Kent continuing to enslave people by inheriting her mother's estate. An 1860 letter from Germanicus Kent to Aratus Kent discusses Germanicus Kent's desire to establish contact with the man he formerly enslaved Lewis Lemon Kent, then living in Iowa.","Series IV. Black Family Business Records, 1832-1924: Account books for mercantile establishments in Blacksburg make up the bulk of this series.. It also contains an account book for A.W. Luster; a 1908 inventory for W. Stone \u0026 Son; and a copy of an undated newspaper advertisement for A. Black and Company.","Series V. John S. Apperson Papers, 1858-1915: John Apperson's Civil War Diary is the centerpiece. The diary consist of Apperson's account of his journey, in 1859, from his home in Locust Grove, Virginia to Smyth County in Southwest Virginia. In the Civil War diaries, he describes medical care of soldiers and lists monthly figures of wounded and dead for the Second Corps field hospital. He discusses going onto the battlefield after the fighting stopped at First Manassas, the scene on the morning of the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; performing his first amputation; and his efforts to continue his medical education during the Civil War. Additionally, this series contains correspondence about Apperson's business career, 1900 and 1910, a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, and photographs of John Apperson, Elizabeth Black, and their children.","Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers, 1889-1977, and Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers, 1827-1984: Research files on the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion compose the bulk of these two series. Materials also include publications pertaining to family history; correspondence with the Rockford, Illinois Historical Society regarding research on Germanicus Kent; correspondence related to other genealogy research; the recollections of Elizabeth Black Apperson about Blacksburg history and buildings; family photographs and a photograph, ca. 1900, of the Alexander Black house in Blacksburg; and family artifacts.","Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks, 1933-1950: The scrapbooks largely consist of newspaper clippings detailing Harvey B. Apperson's political career and Democratic Party politics in the Roanoke area in the 1930s and in Richmond in the 1940s. Additionally, there are letters and telegrams of congratulation Apperson received when he was appointed Attorney General of Virginia in 1947, telegrams and letters of condolence his wife received upon his death four months later, photographs, and political ephemera.","Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company, 1826-1965: Legal documents and correspondence pertain to the division of proceeds of mining investments among the Apperson descendants of Harvey Black. The series also contains maps of Black and Apperson property in Blacksburg, ca. 1949.","Series X. Assorted Papers, 1872, 1912: The last series includes two items, the Louise Caton Travel Diary, 1912, and The Christian Union publication, 1872. The diary of Louise Caton's four-month tour of Europe in 1912 describes her voyage from New York to Genoa on the Laxmia and from Liverpool back to New York on the Celtic. The relationship of Louise Caton to the Black, Kent, and Apperson families is unknown.","This small series includes a letter Harvey Black received from family who had settled in Wisconsin; a letter from a member of the Crockett family pioneering in Washington Territory, and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regarding the establishment of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg.","In this subseries of five letters from Germanicus Kent to his sons and his brother Aratus, Kent discusses investments, family, and Lewis Lemon (Kent), who bought his freedom from Kent ca. 1835.","This folder contains four family letters presumed to pertain to the extended Kent Amiss family. The correspondents are Edith Boggs, David and E. Cook, Mary Sloutermires, William G., and his son Nelson.","Accounts and correspondence in these two bound cotton books detail Germanicus Kent's business as a cotton merchant in Huntsville, Alabama.","Materials corncern the Kent family's move from Alabama to Illinois.","This file contains a contract outlining the terms of a proposed business partnership between Edwin Amiss and Germanicus Kent and a contract to build a home in Blacksburg.","This series is composed primarily of five ledgers containing alphabetically indexed customer account histories for various mercantile establishments, probably in Blacksburg. Also included are documents and correspondence pertaining to Black family investments in oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.","This ledger includes an inventory, July 1908, for W. Stone \u0026 Son.","This subseries comprises documents pertaining to investments in the Radford Land Improvement Company, 1889; the Radford West End Land Company, 1909; and oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.","This subseries comprises miscellaneous receipts, 1862; Business Correspondence, 1900-1910; and a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, 1915.","These letters discuss the illness of the daughter of Mrs. Cyprus McCormick and John S. Apperson.","This file contains newspaper clippings on Blacksburg history and members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families.","The Directory's cover illustration is a photograph of a sculpture commemorating the role played by Germanicus Kent and Lewis Lemon, Kent's former slave, in the founding of Rockford, Illinois.","This series is primarily composed of research files on the genealogy of the Black, Kent, Apperson and related families. It also contains family photographs, including a picture of the Alexander Black House, later burned, ca. 1900; a folder of correspondence pertaining to Alexander Black's service on the vestry of Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954; a 1914 edition of \"The X-Ray,\" the yearbook of Marion High School; and a program from the 1962 annual convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This subseries contains one folder of correspondence pertaining to a proposed memorial to Harvey Black at Virginia Tech from 1953; one folder of correspondence concerning Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954, and one letter, 1934, from A.J. Oliver to Harvey Black Apperson, discussing Oliver's father, who worked for Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in the 1870s and helped plant the first trees on the campus.","This subseries includes the Marion High School yearbook, 1914; and a program from the Sixty-seventh Annual Convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1962.","This subseries comprises correspondence, applications to family heritage organizations, and copies of documents regarding genealogy research on the Black, Kent, Apperson, and related families.","File contains three items in French.","Documents in this subseries pertain to applications, by members of the Black family, for membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution, Huguenot Society, Magna Carta Barons, National Society of Colonial Wars, and the Society of Colonial Dames.","Scrapbooks contain newspaper clippings, incoming correspondence and telegrams, photographs, and ephemera documenting Harvey Apperson's political career from 1933, when he ran for the State Senate, to his death in 1948, four months after Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General.","Five scrapbooks and one box of items removed from the scrapbooks and copied for preservation. Photographs and ephemera removed from the scrapbooks are stored in Box 15.","This series is comprised of deeds, reports, correspondence, lease agreements, and receipts pertaining to Apperson family investments in mining operations at Poverty Hollow, Tom's Creek Road, the Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company, and M.C. Slusser and Company. It also contains maps of Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company coal land sold to the Hoge heirs in 1928 and maps showing property owned by the Alexander and Lizzie O. Black estate and Apperson Properties in 1937 and 1948.","The diary is an account of Louise Caton's voyage from New York to Genoa, Italy, her travels through Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Holland, France, and England, and her return from Liverpool to New York in the summer of 1912."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_36b4a62ab56ab232aa259e6ea40349e2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son"],"names_coll_ssim":["A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family","Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"famname_ssim":["Apperson family","Black family","Kent family"],"persname_ssim":["Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family","Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":172,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:44:34.154Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1290.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers","title_ssm":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1779-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1779-1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1779/1984"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779/1984"],"text":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779/1984","Ms.1974.003","Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Genealogy","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Montgomery County (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Women -- History","The collection is open to research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","A microfilm edition of the diary, 1847-1850, of Harvey Black and the American Civil War diaries of John S. Apperson was made by the Library of Virginia in January 1976 and is available at the Library of Virginia in Richmond. The Civil War letters of Harvey Black were published in 1995 in a volume edited by Glenn L. McMullen, which is available in the Rare Book Collection and in Newman Library.","The papers are arranged into series corresponding to the creators of the material and subseries by type of material.","Series include the following:","Series I. Harvey Black Papers\nSeries II. Black Family Papers\nSeries III. Germanicus Kent Papers\nSeries IV. Black Family Business Records\nSeries V. John S. Apperson Papers\nSeries VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers\nSeries VII. Alexander Apperson Papers\nSeries VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks\nSeries IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company\nSeries X. Assorted Papers","This series is arranged by format.","This series is arranged by format.","Arranged alphabetically by name of family being researched.","In 1889, Elizabeth Black of Blacksburg, Virginia, married John Apperson of Marion, joining the Black and Kent families of Blacksburg with the Apperson family. Elizabeth Black's father Harvey Black and John S. Apperson served together in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade during the American Civil War. Black was a regimental surgeon and Apperson was a hospital steward under his command.","Harvey Black (1827-1888) was a native of Blacksburg and a grandson of town founder John Black. (Harvey Black did not use the e in his given name, but as an adult he regularly signed his name as H. Black and he was almost always identified publicly as Harvey Black.) After attending local schools, he began studying medicine under two local doctors. In 1847, he volunteered to serve in the Mexican War in the 1st Regiment Virginia Volunteers; three months later, he was made a hospital steward. He entered medical school at the University of Virginia in 1848 and graduated in June 1849. That fall, he took a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through the upper Mid-West as far west as Iowa. He decided to settle in Blacksburg and opened a medical practice there in 1852. The same year, he married Mary Kent of Blacksburg.","On August 2, 1861, Harvey Black was appointed regimental surgeon in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade, known as the Stonewall Brigade. John Apperson, who had enlisted with the Smyth Blues of Smyth County, Virginia, in April 1861, was appointed hospital steward under the command of Harvey Black in March 1862. Black and Apperson served together with the 4th regiment until late 1862. They provided medical care to the wounded at first Manassas, second Manassas, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. In late 1862, Black was appointed surgeon of the field hospital of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and brought Apperson with him. Both served in this hospital until the end of the war, taking care of recuperating soldiers who were wounded of the Second Corps' major engagements, including the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and the Spotsylvania Campaign in 1864. Black assisted Hunter Holmes McGuire with the amputation of Stonewall Jackson's arm on May 3, 1863.","After the Civil War, Harvey Black resumed his medical practice in Blacksburg. He was elected president of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1872. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg in 1872. He was the first rector of the Board of Visitors.","From 1786 to 1882, Harvey Black was Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg. In 1884, he was appointed to the board of a proposed state mental hospital for southwestern Virginia. In 1885, he was elected to represent Montgomery County in the House of Delegates and served two sessions. In the House, he influenced the decision to locate the new hospital in Marion. In 1887, Black became the first superintendent of the new Southwestern State Lunatic Asylum in Marion. He appointed John S. Apperson assistant physician there. Harvey Black died in Richmond in October 1888 and was buried in Westview Cemetery in Blacksburg.","John S. Apperson (1837-1908) was born in Locust Grove, Virginia, and moved to Smyth County in 1859. He took a job splitting rails and began to study medicine under local physician William Faris. In 1861, Apperson enlisted in the Smyth Blues, organized as Company D, 4th Virginia. After the Civil War, he studied medicine at the University of Virginia, earning a degree in 1867. He returned to Smyth County and married Victoria Hull in 1868. They lived in Chilhowie, and Apperson practiced medicine and farmed. They had seven children.","John Apperson's first wife died in 1887. The same year, he took a job as assistant physician under Harvey Black at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia in Marion. When Harvey Black died in 1888, Apperson resigned his position at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum and established a medical practice in Marion. In 1889, he married Elizabeth, daughter of his friend and mentor Harvey Black. They had four children: Harvey, Alexander, Kent, and Mary.","After his second marriage, John Apperson pursued a career in business. He was one of eight founders of Staley's Creek Manganese and Iron Company. In 1906, he expanded the operations of the Marion Foundry and Milling Company into the Marion Foundry and Machine Works. He also promoted the building of the Marion and Rye Valley Railroad.","In 1892, the Virginia Board of World's Fair Managers employed Apperson to collect items and transport Virginia exhibits to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. John Apperson died in Marion in 1908. His wife Elizabeth died in Blacksburg in 1942.","Harvey Black Apperson (1890-1948), the oldest child of John Apperson and Elizabeth Black, lived in Salem, Virginia, and practiced law in Roanoke for thirty years. He became active in Democratic Party politics in the 1920s. In a special election in 1933, he was elected to represent Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke counties and the cities of Radford and Roanoke in the State Senate. He served on the State Corporation Commission from 1944 to 1947 and was Chairman of the Commission from June 1944 to 1947. Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General in August 1947, and he took office October 7, 1947. He died suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Richmond on February 2, 1948. Alexander Apperson worked at the Marion Foundry and Machine Works for a period and later moved to Birmingham, Alabama.","Germanicus Kent (1791-1861) and Arabella Amiss Kent (1809-1951), parents of Harvey Black's wife Mary, are also documented in this collection. Germanicus Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, and attended Yale College. Circa 1822, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and worked as a cotton merchant. In 1827, he married Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg. According to a family account, Germanicus Kent left Huntsville in 1834 at the insistence of his brother Aratus Kent, a missionary in Illinois who opposed slavery. Aratus Kent was a founder of Beloit and Rockford colleges in Illinois. The family moved to Illinois in 1834. Lewis Kent (also known as Lewis Lemon), who was enslaved by Germanicus Kent in North Carolina when he was a boy, moved with the family and later purchased his freedom and settled in Iowa. Germanicus Kent is considered a founder of the town of Rockford, Illinois, and served in the Illinois state legislature. Mary Kent, born in 1836, was the first child of European ancestry born in Rockford. The family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg in 1843.","Sources\n      Glenn L. McMullen, \"Tending the Wounded: Two Virginians in the Confederate Medical Corps,\" Virginia Cavalcade, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Spring 1991), 172-183\n      A Surgeon with Stonewall Jackson: The Civil War Letters of Dr. Harvey Black, edited by Glenn L. McMullen (Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1995)\n      Biographical sketches of John S. Apperson by Glenn McMullen and of Harvey Black Apperson, by Crandall Shiflett in John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tartar, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1 (The Library of Virginia, 1998), 181-183\n      \"Germanicus A. Kent: Founder of Rockford, Illinois,\" published by the Rockford Historical Society, n.d.","The guide to the Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The papers were previously organized into three collections: the Black Family Papers, Ms1974-003; the Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-017; and the Kent Family Papers, Ms1974-018. They were further processed and merged into one collection in 2002. Additional description was completed in 2021.","Three boxes are unprocessed. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","This item was previously listed on the finding aid as \"General Store, Blacksburg, 1857-1862.\"","See the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","James Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031","Elizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045","Medical Bill Signed by Dr. Harvey Black, Ms2009-084","Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040","The Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779-1984 (bulk 1821-1948) documents the families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection comprises American Civil War letters of Dr. Harvey Black, Civil War diaries of John Apperson, records and correspondence pertaining to nineteenth-century Blacksburg residents Edwin Amiss, his sister Arabella Amiss Kent, and her husband Germanicus Kent, cotton trader and Rockford, Illinois pioneer; and account books, correspondence, and photographs of several members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection is divided into the following major series: Harvey Black Papers, Black Family Papers, Germanicus Kent Papers, Black Family Business Records, John S. Apperson Papers, Mary E. Apperson Papers, Alexander Apperson Papers, and Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks.","Series I. Harvey Black Papers, 1847-1888, contains the following subseries: Diaries, Civil War Letters, General Correspondence, Medical Career Records, and Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. It also includes one photograph, ca. 1865, of Harvey Black.","Dating 1861 to 1864, the Civil War Letters document Black's experiences as a regimental surgeon in the Stonewall Brigade and as surgeon in charge of the Second Corps field hospital. The series comprises letters Black wrote to his wife Mary (Molly) in Blacksburg. Black usually wrote to his wife two to three days after a major battle and reported who, from Blacksburg, had been killed or wounded. He describes the effects of disease on the troops, looking for his brother-in-law Lewis Kent among the Union wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the delirium of Stonewall Jackson as he lay dying at Guinea Station, and the difficulties of keeping his family clothed and fed during the war.","The Diaries consist of a short diary Black kept of his journey from Christiansburg to Mexico to fight in the Mexican War and a diary of a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through West Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee in the fall of 1849. The Mexican War diary details Black's trip from Christiansburg to Norfolk and eventually Buena Vista, but provides little information about serving in the war. Both diaries contain mainly Black's observations about the towns and cities he passes through. The diary of the trip west compares culture and society in Virginia and the West and references encounters with Virginians who had moved west.","General Correspondence, 1847-1871, comprises two letters Black wrote while he was studying medicine at the University of Virginia, his proposal of marriage to Mary (Molly) Kent, and a folder of letters Black received from family members between 1848 and 1871. One letter describes pioneering in Island County, Washington Territory, in 1853; and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regard the establishment of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, forerunner of Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg.","The Medical Career Records, dating 1848 to 1888, documents Harvey Black's medical career before and after the Civil War and letters of recommendation for the position of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia and the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia. This series also contains an 1887 annual report for the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia.","The Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College Records span the years 1870 to 1873. This small series consists of a subscription list for the Preston and Olin Institute, an early history of the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and certificates of appointment to the college's Board of Visitors.","Series II. Black Family Papers, 1779-1911 (bulk 1845-1911): Materials include an 1845 bill of sale for an enslaved girl named Adaline; an 1856 letter from Charles to Alexander Black; photographs of Alexander Black, Kent Black, and Kent's wife Mary Bell Black; a 1911 letter from Mary Kent to her children; and a quilt given to Kent Black by his medical patients, ca. 1890. Additionally, the series has the wedding register of Mary and Kent Black and an invitation to the 1885 Blacksburg Grand Annual Ball.","Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers, 1818-1899: The series comprises Germanicus Kent's cotton books and correspondence with his sons Lewis and John, his brother Aratus Kent, and his brother-in- law Edwin Amiss. The cotton books document Kent's experience as a cotton merchant based in Huntsville, Alabama, 1821 to 1823. They provide lists of cotton prices and copies of correspondence to clients in Nashville and New Orleans. The correspondence describes life in Blacksburg in the 1830s, the Kent family's decision to settle in Virginia after living in Illinois, and Kent's business investments in the west and in Blacksburg. Letters from Edwin Amiss to Arabella and Germanicus Kent pertain to Arabella Kent continuing to enslave people by inheriting her mother's estate. An 1860 letter from Germanicus Kent to Aratus Kent discusses Germanicus Kent's desire to establish contact with the man he formerly enslaved Lewis Lemon Kent, then living in Iowa.","Series IV. Black Family Business Records, 1832-1924: Account books for mercantile establishments in Blacksburg make up the bulk of this series.. It also contains an account book for A.W. Luster; a 1908 inventory for W. Stone \u0026 Son; and a copy of an undated newspaper advertisement for A. Black and Company.","Series V. John S. Apperson Papers, 1858-1915: John Apperson's Civil War Diary is the centerpiece. The diary consist of Apperson's account of his journey, in 1859, from his home in Locust Grove, Virginia to Smyth County in Southwest Virginia. In the Civil War diaries, he describes medical care of soldiers and lists monthly figures of wounded and dead for the Second Corps field hospital. He discusses going onto the battlefield after the fighting stopped at First Manassas, the scene on the morning of the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; performing his first amputation; and his efforts to continue his medical education during the Civil War. Additionally, this series contains correspondence about Apperson's business career, 1900 and 1910, a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, and photographs of John Apperson, Elizabeth Black, and their children.","Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers, 1889-1977, and Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers, 1827-1984: Research files on the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion compose the bulk of these two series. Materials also include publications pertaining to family history; correspondence with the Rockford, Illinois Historical Society regarding research on Germanicus Kent; correspondence related to other genealogy research; the recollections of Elizabeth Black Apperson about Blacksburg history and buildings; family photographs and a photograph, ca. 1900, of the Alexander Black house in Blacksburg; and family artifacts.","Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks, 1933-1950: The scrapbooks largely consist of newspaper clippings detailing Harvey B. Apperson's political career and Democratic Party politics in the Roanoke area in the 1930s and in Richmond in the 1940s. Additionally, there are letters and telegrams of congratulation Apperson received when he was appointed Attorney General of Virginia in 1947, telegrams and letters of condolence his wife received upon his death four months later, photographs, and political ephemera.","Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company, 1826-1965: Legal documents and correspondence pertain to the division of proceeds of mining investments among the Apperson descendants of Harvey Black. The series also contains maps of Black and Apperson property in Blacksburg, ca. 1949.","Series X. Assorted Papers, 1872, 1912: The last series includes two items, the Louise Caton Travel Diary, 1912, and The Christian Union publication, 1872. The diary of Louise Caton's four-month tour of Europe in 1912 describes her voyage from New York to Genoa on the Laxmia and from Liverpool back to New York on the Celtic. The relationship of Louise Caton to the Black, Kent, and Apperson families is unknown.","This small series includes a letter Harvey Black received from family who had settled in Wisconsin; a letter from a member of the Crockett family pioneering in Washington Territory, and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regarding the establishment of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg.","In this subseries of five letters from Germanicus Kent to his sons and his brother Aratus, Kent discusses investments, family, and Lewis Lemon (Kent), who bought his freedom from Kent ca. 1835.","This folder contains four family letters presumed to pertain to the extended Kent Amiss family. The correspondents are Edith Boggs, David and E. Cook, Mary Sloutermires, William G., and his son Nelson.","Accounts and correspondence in these two bound cotton books detail Germanicus Kent's business as a cotton merchant in Huntsville, Alabama.","Materials corncern the Kent family's move from Alabama to Illinois.","This file contains a contract outlining the terms of a proposed business partnership between Edwin Amiss and Germanicus Kent and a contract to build a home in Blacksburg.","This series is composed primarily of five ledgers containing alphabetically indexed customer account histories for various mercantile establishments, probably in Blacksburg. Also included are documents and correspondence pertaining to Black family investments in oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.","This ledger includes an inventory, July 1908, for W. Stone \u0026 Son.","This subseries comprises documents pertaining to investments in the Radford Land Improvement Company, 1889; the Radford West End Land Company, 1909; and oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.","This subseries comprises miscellaneous receipts, 1862; Business Correspondence, 1900-1910; and a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, 1915.","These letters discuss the illness of the daughter of Mrs. Cyprus McCormick and John S. Apperson.","This file contains newspaper clippings on Blacksburg history and members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families.","The Directory's cover illustration is a photograph of a sculpture commemorating the role played by Germanicus Kent and Lewis Lemon, Kent's former slave, in the founding of Rockford, Illinois.","This series is primarily composed of research files on the genealogy of the Black, Kent, Apperson and related families. It also contains family photographs, including a picture of the Alexander Black House, later burned, ca. 1900; a folder of correspondence pertaining to Alexander Black's service on the vestry of Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954; a 1914 edition of \"The X-Ray,\" the yearbook of Marion High School; and a program from the 1962 annual convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This subseries contains one folder of correspondence pertaining to a proposed memorial to Harvey Black at Virginia Tech from 1953; one folder of correspondence concerning Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954, and one letter, 1934, from A.J. Oliver to Harvey Black Apperson, discussing Oliver's father, who worked for Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in the 1870s and helped plant the first trees on the campus.","This subseries includes the Marion High School yearbook, 1914; and a program from the Sixty-seventh Annual Convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1962.","This subseries comprises correspondence, applications to family heritage organizations, and copies of documents regarding genealogy research on the Black, Kent, Apperson, and related families.","File contains three items in French.","Documents in this subseries pertain to applications, by members of the Black family, for membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution, Huguenot Society, Magna Carta Barons, National Society of Colonial Wars, and the Society of Colonial Dames.","Scrapbooks contain newspaper clippings, incoming correspondence and telegrams, photographs, and ephemera documenting Harvey Apperson's political career from 1933, when he ran for the State Senate, to his death in 1948, four months after Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General.","Five scrapbooks and one box of items removed from the scrapbooks and copied for preservation. Photographs and ephemera removed from the scrapbooks are stored in Box 15.","This series is comprised of deeds, reports, correspondence, lease agreements, and receipts pertaining to Apperson family investments in mining operations at Poverty Hollow, Tom's Creek Road, the Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company, and M.C. Slusser and Company. It also contains maps of Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company coal land sold to the Hoge heirs in 1928 and maps showing property owned by the Alexander and Lizzie O. Black estate and Apperson Properties in 1937 and 1948.","The diary is an account of Louise Caton's voyage from New York to Genoa, Italy, her travels through Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Holland, France, and England, and her return from Liverpool to New York in the summer of 1912.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family","Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779/1984"],"collection_ssim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779/1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1974.003"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1974.003"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Apperson family","Black family","Kent family"],"creators_ssim":["Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers were donated to Virginia Tech from 1955 to 1990. The American Civil War letters of Harvey Black and the Civil War diaries of John Apperson were donated in 1974."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Genealogy","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Montgomery County (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Genealogy","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Montgomery County (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["ca. 7 Cubic Feet 21 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["ca. 7 Cubic Feet 21 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca show=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/38\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA microfilm edition of the diary, 1847-1850, of Harvey Black and the American Civil War diaries of John S. Apperson was made by the Library of Virginia in January 1976 and is available at the Library of Virginia in Richmond. The Civil War letters of Harvey Black were published in 1995 in a volume edited by Glenn L. McMullen, which is available in the Rare Book Collection and in Newman Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","A microfilm edition of the diary, 1847-1850, of Harvey Black and the American Civil War diaries of John S. Apperson was made by the Library of Virginia in January 1976 and is available at the Library of Virginia in Richmond. The Civil War letters of Harvey Black were published in 1995 in a volume edited by Glenn L. McMullen, which is available in the Rare Book Collection and in Newman Library."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged into series corresponding to the creators of the material and subseries by type of material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries include the following:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Harvey Black Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Black Family Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III. Germanicus Kent Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Black Family Business Records\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V. John S. Apperson Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Alexander Apperson Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X. Assorted Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged by format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged by format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by name of family being researched.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged into series corresponding to the creators of the material and subseries by type of material.","Series include the following:","Series I. Harvey Black Papers\nSeries II. Black Family Papers\nSeries III. Germanicus Kent Papers\nSeries IV. Black Family Business Records\nSeries V. John S. Apperson Papers\nSeries VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers\nSeries VII. Alexander Apperson Papers\nSeries VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks\nSeries IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company\nSeries X. Assorted Papers","This series is arranged by format.","This series is arranged by format.","Arranged alphabetically by name of family being researched."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1889, Elizabeth Black of Blacksburg, Virginia, married John Apperson of Marion, joining the Black and Kent families of Blacksburg with the Apperson family. Elizabeth Black's father Harvey Black and John S. Apperson served together in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade during the American Civil War. Black was a regimental surgeon and Apperson was a hospital steward under his command.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarvey Black (1827-1888) was a native of Blacksburg and a grandson of town founder John Black. (Harvey Black did not use the e in his given name, but as an adult he regularly signed his name as H. Black and he was almost always identified publicly as Harvey Black.) After attending local schools, he began studying medicine under two local doctors. In 1847, he volunteered to serve in the Mexican War in the 1st Regiment Virginia Volunteers; three months later, he was made a hospital steward. He entered medical school at the University of Virginia in 1848 and graduated in June 1849. That fall, he took a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through the upper Mid-West as far west as Iowa. He decided to settle in Blacksburg and opened a medical practice there in 1852. The same year, he married Mary Kent of Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn August 2, 1861, Harvey Black was appointed regimental surgeon in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade, known as the Stonewall Brigade. John Apperson, who had enlisted with the Smyth Blues of Smyth County, Virginia, in April 1861, was appointed hospital steward under the command of Harvey Black in March 1862. Black and Apperson served together with the 4th regiment until late 1862. They provided medical care to the wounded at first Manassas, second Manassas, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. In late 1862, Black was appointed surgeon of the field hospital of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and brought Apperson with him. Both served in this hospital until the end of the war, taking care of recuperating soldiers who were wounded of the Second Corps' major engagements, including the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and the Spotsylvania Campaign in 1864. Black assisted Hunter Holmes McGuire with the amputation of Stonewall Jackson's arm on May 3, 1863.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Civil War, Harvey Black resumed his medical practice in Blacksburg. He was elected president of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1872. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg in 1872. He was the first rector of the Board of Visitors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1786 to 1882, Harvey Black was Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg. In 1884, he was appointed to the board of a proposed state mental hospital for southwestern Virginia. In 1885, he was elected to represent Montgomery County in the House of Delegates and served two sessions. In the House, he influenced the decision to locate the new hospital in Marion. In 1887, Black became the first superintendent of the new Southwestern State Lunatic Asylum in Marion. He appointed John S. Apperson assistant physician there. Harvey Black died in Richmond in October 1888 and was buried in Westview Cemetery in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn S. Apperson (1837-1908) was born in Locust Grove, Virginia, and moved to Smyth County in 1859. He took a job splitting rails and began to study medicine under local physician William Faris. In 1861, Apperson enlisted in the Smyth Blues, organized as Company D, 4th Virginia. After the Civil War, he studied medicine at the University of Virginia, earning a degree in 1867. He returned to Smyth County and married Victoria Hull in 1868. They lived in Chilhowie, and Apperson practiced medicine and farmed. They had seven children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Apperson's first wife died in 1887. The same year, he took a job as assistant physician under Harvey Black at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia in Marion. When Harvey Black died in 1888, Apperson resigned his position at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum and established a medical practice in Marion. In 1889, he married Elizabeth, daughter of his friend and mentor Harvey Black. They had four children: Harvey, Alexander, Kent, and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter his second marriage, John Apperson pursued a career in business. He was one of eight founders of Staley's Creek Manganese and Iron Company. In 1906, he expanded the operations of the Marion Foundry and Milling Company into the Marion Foundry and Machine Works. He also promoted the building of the Marion and Rye Valley Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1892, the Virginia Board of World's Fair Managers employed Apperson to collect items and transport Virginia exhibits to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. John Apperson died in Marion in 1908. His wife Elizabeth died in Blacksburg in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarvey Black Apperson (1890-1948), the oldest child of John Apperson and Elizabeth Black, lived in Salem, Virginia, and practiced law in Roanoke for thirty years. He became active in Democratic Party politics in the 1920s. In a special election in 1933, he was elected to represent Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke counties and the cities of Radford and Roanoke in the State Senate. He served on the State Corporation Commission from 1944 to 1947 and was Chairman of the Commission from June 1944 to 1947. Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General in August 1947, and he took office October 7, 1947. He died suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Richmond on February 2, 1948. Alexander Apperson worked at the Marion Foundry and Machine Works for a period and later moved to Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGermanicus Kent (1791-1861) and Arabella Amiss Kent (1809-1951), parents of Harvey Black's wife Mary, are also documented in this collection. Germanicus Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, and attended Yale College. Circa 1822, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and worked as a cotton merchant. In 1827, he married Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg. According to a family account, Germanicus Kent left Huntsville in 1834 at the insistence of his brother Aratus Kent, a missionary in Illinois who opposed slavery. Aratus Kent was a founder of Beloit and Rockford colleges in Illinois. The family moved to Illinois in 1834. Lewis Kent (also known as Lewis Lemon), who was enslaved by Germanicus Kent in North Carolina when he was a boy, moved with the family and later purchased his freedom and settled in Iowa. Germanicus Kent is considered a founder of the town of Rockford, Illinois, and served in the Illinois state legislature. Mary Kent, born in 1836, was the first child of European ancestry born in Rockford. The family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg in 1843.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSources\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGlenn L. McMullen, \"Tending the Wounded: Two Virginians in the Confederate Medical Corps,\" Virginia Cavalcade, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Spring 1991), 172-183\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eA Surgeon with Stonewall Jackson: The Civil War Letters of Dr. Harvey Black, edited by Glenn L. McMullen (Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1995)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBiographical sketches of John S. Apperson by Glenn McMullen and of Harvey Black Apperson, by Crandall Shiflett in John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tartar, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1 (The Library of Virginia, 1998), 181-183\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Germanicus A. Kent: Founder of Rockford, Illinois,\" published by the Rockford Historical Society, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1889, Elizabeth Black of Blacksburg, Virginia, married John Apperson of Marion, joining the Black and Kent families of Blacksburg with the Apperson family. Elizabeth Black's father Harvey Black and John S. Apperson served together in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade during the American Civil War. Black was a regimental surgeon and Apperson was a hospital steward under his command.","Harvey Black (1827-1888) was a native of Blacksburg and a grandson of town founder John Black. (Harvey Black did not use the e in his given name, but as an adult he regularly signed his name as H. Black and he was almost always identified publicly as Harvey Black.) After attending local schools, he began studying medicine under two local doctors. In 1847, he volunteered to serve in the Mexican War in the 1st Regiment Virginia Volunteers; three months later, he was made a hospital steward. He entered medical school at the University of Virginia in 1848 and graduated in June 1849. That fall, he took a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through the upper Mid-West as far west as Iowa. He decided to settle in Blacksburg and opened a medical practice there in 1852. The same year, he married Mary Kent of Blacksburg.","On August 2, 1861, Harvey Black was appointed regimental surgeon in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade, known as the Stonewall Brigade. John Apperson, who had enlisted with the Smyth Blues of Smyth County, Virginia, in April 1861, was appointed hospital steward under the command of Harvey Black in March 1862. Black and Apperson served together with the 4th regiment until late 1862. They provided medical care to the wounded at first Manassas, second Manassas, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. In late 1862, Black was appointed surgeon of the field hospital of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and brought Apperson with him. Both served in this hospital until the end of the war, taking care of recuperating soldiers who were wounded of the Second Corps' major engagements, including the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and the Spotsylvania Campaign in 1864. Black assisted Hunter Holmes McGuire with the amputation of Stonewall Jackson's arm on May 3, 1863.","After the Civil War, Harvey Black resumed his medical practice in Blacksburg. He was elected president of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1872. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg in 1872. He was the first rector of the Board of Visitors.","From 1786 to 1882, Harvey Black was Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg. In 1884, he was appointed to the board of a proposed state mental hospital for southwestern Virginia. In 1885, he was elected to represent Montgomery County in the House of Delegates and served two sessions. In the House, he influenced the decision to locate the new hospital in Marion. In 1887, Black became the first superintendent of the new Southwestern State Lunatic Asylum in Marion. He appointed John S. Apperson assistant physician there. Harvey Black died in Richmond in October 1888 and was buried in Westview Cemetery in Blacksburg.","John S. Apperson (1837-1908) was born in Locust Grove, Virginia, and moved to Smyth County in 1859. He took a job splitting rails and began to study medicine under local physician William Faris. In 1861, Apperson enlisted in the Smyth Blues, organized as Company D, 4th Virginia. After the Civil War, he studied medicine at the University of Virginia, earning a degree in 1867. He returned to Smyth County and married Victoria Hull in 1868. They lived in Chilhowie, and Apperson practiced medicine and farmed. They had seven children.","John Apperson's first wife died in 1887. The same year, he took a job as assistant physician under Harvey Black at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia in Marion. When Harvey Black died in 1888, Apperson resigned his position at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum and established a medical practice in Marion. In 1889, he married Elizabeth, daughter of his friend and mentor Harvey Black. They had four children: Harvey, Alexander, Kent, and Mary.","After his second marriage, John Apperson pursued a career in business. He was one of eight founders of Staley's Creek Manganese and Iron Company. In 1906, he expanded the operations of the Marion Foundry and Milling Company into the Marion Foundry and Machine Works. He also promoted the building of the Marion and Rye Valley Railroad.","In 1892, the Virginia Board of World's Fair Managers employed Apperson to collect items and transport Virginia exhibits to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. John Apperson died in Marion in 1908. His wife Elizabeth died in Blacksburg in 1942.","Harvey Black Apperson (1890-1948), the oldest child of John Apperson and Elizabeth Black, lived in Salem, Virginia, and practiced law in Roanoke for thirty years. He became active in Democratic Party politics in the 1920s. In a special election in 1933, he was elected to represent Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke counties and the cities of Radford and Roanoke in the State Senate. He served on the State Corporation Commission from 1944 to 1947 and was Chairman of the Commission from June 1944 to 1947. Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General in August 1947, and he took office October 7, 1947. He died suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Richmond on February 2, 1948. Alexander Apperson worked at the Marion Foundry and Machine Works for a period and later moved to Birmingham, Alabama.","Germanicus Kent (1791-1861) and Arabella Amiss Kent (1809-1951), parents of Harvey Black's wife Mary, are also documented in this collection. Germanicus Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, and attended Yale College. Circa 1822, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and worked as a cotton merchant. In 1827, he married Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg. According to a family account, Germanicus Kent left Huntsville in 1834 at the insistence of his brother Aratus Kent, a missionary in Illinois who opposed slavery. Aratus Kent was a founder of Beloit and Rockford colleges in Illinois. The family moved to Illinois in 1834. Lewis Kent (also known as Lewis Lemon), who was enslaved by Germanicus Kent in North Carolina when he was a boy, moved with the family and later purchased his freedom and settled in Iowa. Germanicus Kent is considered a founder of the town of Rockford, Illinois, and served in the Illinois state legislature. Mary Kent, born in 1836, was the first child of European ancestry born in Rockford. The family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg in 1843.","Sources\n      Glenn L. McMullen, \"Tending the Wounded: Two Virginians in the Confederate Medical Corps,\" Virginia Cavalcade, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Spring 1991), 172-183\n      A Surgeon with Stonewall Jackson: The Civil War Letters of Dr. Harvey Black, edited by Glenn L. McMullen (Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1995)\n      Biographical sketches of John S. Apperson by Glenn McMullen and of Harvey Black Apperson, by Crandall Shiflett in John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tartar, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1 (The Library of Virginia, 1998), 181-183\n      \"Germanicus A. Kent: Founder of Rockford, Illinois,\" published by the Rockford Historical Society, n.d."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers were previously organized into three collections: the Black Family Papers, Ms1974-003; the Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-017; and the Kent Family Papers, Ms1974-018. They were further processed and merged into one collection in 2002. Additional description was completed in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree boxes are unprocessed. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis item was previously listed on the finding aid as \"General Store, Blacksburg, 1857-1862.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The papers were previously organized into three collections: the Black Family Papers, Ms1974-003; the Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-017; and the Kent Family Papers, Ms1974-018. They were further processed and merged into one collection in 2002. Additional description was completed in 2021.","Three boxes are unprocessed. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","This item was previously listed on the finding aid as \"General Store, Blacksburg, 1857-1862.\""],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1474.xml\"\u003eJames Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1779.xml\"\u003eElizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2503.xml\"\u003eMedical Bill Signed by Dr. Harvey Black, Ms2009-084\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2361.xml\"\u003eBell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","James Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031","Elizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045","Medical Bill Signed by Dr. Harvey Black, Ms2009-084","Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779-1984 (bulk 1821-1948) documents the families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection comprises American Civil War letters of Dr. Harvey Black, Civil War diaries of John Apperson, records and correspondence pertaining to nineteenth-century Blacksburg residents Edwin Amiss, his sister Arabella Amiss Kent, and her husband Germanicus Kent, cotton trader and Rockford, Illinois pioneer; and account books, correspondence, and photographs of several members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection is divided into the following major series: Harvey Black Papers, Black Family Papers, Germanicus Kent Papers, Black Family Business Records, John S. Apperson Papers, Mary E. Apperson Papers, Alexander Apperson Papers, and Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Harvey Black Papers, 1847-1888, contains the following subseries: Diaries, Civil War Letters, General Correspondence, Medical Career Records, and Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. It also includes one photograph, ca. 1865, of Harvey Black.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDating 1861 to 1864, the Civil War Letters document Black's experiences as a regimental surgeon in the Stonewall Brigade and as surgeon in charge of the Second Corps field hospital. The series comprises letters Black wrote to his wife Mary (Molly) in Blacksburg. Black usually wrote to his wife two to three days after a major battle and reported who, from Blacksburg, had been killed or wounded. He describes the effects of disease on the troops, looking for his brother-in-law Lewis Kent among the Union wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the delirium of Stonewall Jackson as he lay dying at Guinea Station, and the difficulties of keeping his family clothed and fed during the war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Diaries consist of a short diary Black kept of his journey from Christiansburg to Mexico to fight in the Mexican War and a diary of a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through West Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee in the fall of 1849. The Mexican War diary details Black's trip from Christiansburg to Norfolk and eventually Buena Vista, but provides little information about serving in the war. Both diaries contain mainly Black's observations about the towns and cities he passes through. The diary of the trip west compares culture and society in Virginia and the West and references encounters with Virginians who had moved west.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Correspondence, 1847-1871, comprises two letters Black wrote while he was studying medicine at the University of Virginia, his proposal of marriage to Mary (Molly) Kent, and a folder of letters Black received from family members between 1848 and 1871. One letter describes pioneering in Island County, Washington Territory, in 1853; and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regard the establishment of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, forerunner of Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Medical Career Records, dating 1848 to 1888, documents Harvey Black's medical career before and after the Civil War and letters of recommendation for the position of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia and the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia. This series also contains an 1887 annual report for the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College Records span the years 1870 to 1873. This small series consists of a subscription list for the Preston and Olin Institute, an early history of the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and certificates of appointment to the college's Board of Visitors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Black Family Papers, 1779-1911 (bulk 1845-1911): Materials include an 1845 bill of sale for an enslaved girl named Adaline; an 1856 letter from Charles to Alexander Black; photographs of Alexander Black, Kent Black, and Kent's wife Mary Bell Black; a 1911 letter from Mary Kent to her children; and a quilt given to Kent Black by his medical patients, ca. 1890. Additionally, the series has the wedding register of Mary and Kent Black and an invitation to the 1885 Blacksburg Grand Annual Ball.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Germanicus Kent Papers, 1818-1899: The series comprises Germanicus Kent's cotton books and correspondence with his sons Lewis and John, his brother Aratus Kent, and his brother-in- law Edwin Amiss. The cotton books document Kent's experience as a cotton merchant based in Huntsville, Alabama, 1821 to 1823. They provide lists of cotton prices and copies of correspondence to clients in Nashville and New Orleans. The correspondence describes life in Blacksburg in the 1830s, the Kent family's decision to settle in Virginia after living in Illinois, and Kent's business investments in the west and in Blacksburg. Letters from Edwin Amiss to Arabella and Germanicus Kent pertain to Arabella Kent continuing to enslave people by inheriting her mother's estate. An 1860 letter from Germanicus Kent to Aratus Kent discusses Germanicus Kent's desire to establish contact with the man he formerly enslaved Lewis Lemon Kent, then living in Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Black Family Business Records, 1832-1924: Account books for mercantile establishments in Blacksburg make up the bulk of this series.. It also contains an account book for A.W. Luster; a 1908 inventory for W. Stone \u0026amp; Son; and a copy of an undated newspaper advertisement for A. Black and Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. John S. Apperson Papers, 1858-1915: John Apperson's Civil War Diary is the centerpiece. The diary consist of Apperson's account of his journey, in 1859, from his home in Locust Grove, Virginia to Smyth County in Southwest Virginia. In the Civil War diaries, he describes medical care of soldiers and lists monthly figures of wounded and dead for the Second Corps field hospital. He discusses going onto the battlefield after the fighting stopped at First Manassas, the scene on the morning of the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; performing his first amputation; and his efforts to continue his medical education during the Civil War. Additionally, this series contains correspondence about Apperson's business career, 1900 and 1910, a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, and photographs of John Apperson, Elizabeth Black, and their children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers, 1889-1977, and Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers, 1827-1984: Research files on the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion compose the bulk of these two series. Materials also include publications pertaining to family history; correspondence with the Rockford, Illinois Historical Society regarding research on Germanicus Kent; correspondence related to other genealogy research; the recollections of Elizabeth Black Apperson about Blacksburg history and buildings; family photographs and a photograph, ca. 1900, of the Alexander Black house in Blacksburg; and family artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks, 1933-1950: The scrapbooks largely consist of newspaper clippings detailing Harvey B. Apperson's political career and Democratic Party politics in the Roanoke area in the 1930s and in Richmond in the 1940s. Additionally, there are letters and telegrams of congratulation Apperson received when he was appointed Attorney General of Virginia in 1947, telegrams and letters of condolence his wife received upon his death four months later, photographs, and political ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company, 1826-1965: Legal documents and correspondence pertain to the division of proceeds of mining investments among the Apperson descendants of Harvey Black. The series also contains maps of Black and Apperson property in Blacksburg, ca. 1949.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries X. Assorted Papers, 1872, 1912: The last series includes two items, the Louise Caton Travel Diary, 1912, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Christian Union\u003c/emph\u003e publication, 1872. The diary of Louise Caton's four-month tour of Europe in 1912 describes her voyage from New York to Genoa on the Laxmia and from Liverpool back to New York on the Celtic. The relationship of Louise Caton to the Black, Kent, and Apperson families is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis small series includes a letter Harvey Black received from family who had settled in Wisconsin; a letter from a member of the Crockett family pioneering in Washington Territory, and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regarding the establishment of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this subseries of five letters from Germanicus Kent to his sons and his brother Aratus, Kent discusses investments, family, and Lewis Lemon (Kent), who bought his freedom from Kent ca. 1835.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains four family letters presumed to pertain to the extended Kent Amiss family. The correspondents are Edith Boggs, David and E. Cook, Mary Sloutermires, William G., and his son Nelson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccounts and correspondence in these two bound cotton books detail Germanicus Kent's business as a cotton merchant in Huntsville, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials corncern the Kent family's move from Alabama to Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains a contract outlining the terms of a proposed business partnership between Edwin Amiss and Germanicus Kent and a contract to build a home in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is composed primarily of five ledgers containing alphabetically indexed customer account histories for various mercantile establishments, probably in Blacksburg. Also included are documents and correspondence pertaining to Black family investments in oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis ledger includes an inventory, July 1908, for W. Stone \u0026amp; Son.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries comprises documents pertaining to investments in the Radford Land Improvement Company, 1889; the Radford West End Land Company, 1909; and oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries comprises miscellaneous receipts, 1862; Business Correspondence, 1900-1910; and a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, 1915.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters discuss the illness of the daughter of Mrs. Cyprus McCormick and John S. Apperson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains newspaper clippings on Blacksburg history and members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Directory's cover illustration is a photograph of a sculpture commemorating the role played by Germanicus Kent and Lewis Lemon, Kent's former slave, in the founding of Rockford, Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is primarily composed of research files on the genealogy of the Black, Kent, Apperson and related families. It also contains family photographs, including a picture of the Alexander Black House, later burned, ca. 1900; a folder of correspondence pertaining to Alexander Black's service on the vestry of Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954; a 1914 edition of \"The X-Ray,\" the yearbook of Marion High School; and a program from the 1962 annual convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains one folder of correspondence pertaining to a proposed memorial to Harvey Black at Virginia Tech from 1953; one folder of correspondence concerning Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954, and one letter, 1934, from A.J. Oliver to Harvey Black Apperson, discussing Oliver's father, who worked for Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in the 1870s and helped plant the first trees on the campus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries includes the Marion High School yearbook, 1914; and a program from the Sixty-seventh Annual Convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1962.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries comprises correspondence, applications to family heritage organizations, and copies of documents regarding genealogy research on the Black, Kent, Apperson, and related families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile contains three items in French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments in this subseries pertain to applications, by members of the Black family, for membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution, Huguenot Society, Magna Carta Barons, National Society of Colonial Wars, and the Society of Colonial Dames.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks contain newspaper clippings, incoming correspondence and telegrams, photographs, and ephemera documenting Harvey Apperson's political career from 1933, when he ran for the State Senate, to his death in 1948, four months after Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive scrapbooks and one box of items removed from the scrapbooks and copied for preservation. Photographs and ephemera removed from the scrapbooks are stored in Box 15.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of deeds, reports, correspondence, lease agreements, and receipts pertaining to Apperson family investments in mining operations at Poverty Hollow, Tom's Creek Road, the Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company, and M.C. Slusser and Company. It also contains maps of Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company coal land sold to the Hoge heirs in 1928 and maps showing property owned by the Alexander and Lizzie O. Black estate and Apperson Properties in 1937 and 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe diary is an account of Louise Caton's voyage from New York to Genoa, Italy, her travels through Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Holland, France, and England, and her return from Liverpool to New York in the summer of 1912.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779-1984 (bulk 1821-1948) documents the families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection comprises American Civil War letters of Dr. Harvey Black, Civil War diaries of John Apperson, records and correspondence pertaining to nineteenth-century Blacksburg residents Edwin Amiss, his sister Arabella Amiss Kent, and her husband Germanicus Kent, cotton trader and Rockford, Illinois pioneer; and account books, correspondence, and photographs of several members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection is divided into the following major series: Harvey Black Papers, Black Family Papers, Germanicus Kent Papers, Black Family Business Records, John S. Apperson Papers, Mary E. Apperson Papers, Alexander Apperson Papers, and Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks.","Series I. Harvey Black Papers, 1847-1888, contains the following subseries: Diaries, Civil War Letters, General Correspondence, Medical Career Records, and Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. It also includes one photograph, ca. 1865, of Harvey Black.","Dating 1861 to 1864, the Civil War Letters document Black's experiences as a regimental surgeon in the Stonewall Brigade and as surgeon in charge of the Second Corps field hospital. The series comprises letters Black wrote to his wife Mary (Molly) in Blacksburg. Black usually wrote to his wife two to three days after a major battle and reported who, from Blacksburg, had been killed or wounded. He describes the effects of disease on the troops, looking for his brother-in-law Lewis Kent among the Union wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the delirium of Stonewall Jackson as he lay dying at Guinea Station, and the difficulties of keeping his family clothed and fed during the war.","The Diaries consist of a short diary Black kept of his journey from Christiansburg to Mexico to fight in the Mexican War and a diary of a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through West Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee in the fall of 1849. The Mexican War diary details Black's trip from Christiansburg to Norfolk and eventually Buena Vista, but provides little information about serving in the war. Both diaries contain mainly Black's observations about the towns and cities he passes through. The diary of the trip west compares culture and society in Virginia and the West and references encounters with Virginians who had moved west.","General Correspondence, 1847-1871, comprises two letters Black wrote while he was studying medicine at the University of Virginia, his proposal of marriage to Mary (Molly) Kent, and a folder of letters Black received from family members between 1848 and 1871. One letter describes pioneering in Island County, Washington Territory, in 1853; and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regard the establishment of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, forerunner of Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg.","The Medical Career Records, dating 1848 to 1888, documents Harvey Black's medical career before and after the Civil War and letters of recommendation for the position of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia and the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia. This series also contains an 1887 annual report for the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia.","The Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College Records span the years 1870 to 1873. This small series consists of a subscription list for the Preston and Olin Institute, an early history of the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and certificates of appointment to the college's Board of Visitors.","Series II. Black Family Papers, 1779-1911 (bulk 1845-1911): Materials include an 1845 bill of sale for an enslaved girl named Adaline; an 1856 letter from Charles to Alexander Black; photographs of Alexander Black, Kent Black, and Kent's wife Mary Bell Black; a 1911 letter from Mary Kent to her children; and a quilt given to Kent Black by his medical patients, ca. 1890. Additionally, the series has the wedding register of Mary and Kent Black and an invitation to the 1885 Blacksburg Grand Annual Ball.","Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers, 1818-1899: The series comprises Germanicus Kent's cotton books and correspondence with his sons Lewis and John, his brother Aratus Kent, and his brother-in- law Edwin Amiss. The cotton books document Kent's experience as a cotton merchant based in Huntsville, Alabama, 1821 to 1823. They provide lists of cotton prices and copies of correspondence to clients in Nashville and New Orleans. The correspondence describes life in Blacksburg in the 1830s, the Kent family's decision to settle in Virginia after living in Illinois, and Kent's business investments in the west and in Blacksburg. Letters from Edwin Amiss to Arabella and Germanicus Kent pertain to Arabella Kent continuing to enslave people by inheriting her mother's estate. An 1860 letter from Germanicus Kent to Aratus Kent discusses Germanicus Kent's desire to establish contact with the man he formerly enslaved Lewis Lemon Kent, then living in Iowa.","Series IV. Black Family Business Records, 1832-1924: Account books for mercantile establishments in Blacksburg make up the bulk of this series.. It also contains an account book for A.W. Luster; a 1908 inventory for W. Stone \u0026 Son; and a copy of an undated newspaper advertisement for A. Black and Company.","Series V. John S. Apperson Papers, 1858-1915: John Apperson's Civil War Diary is the centerpiece. The diary consist of Apperson's account of his journey, in 1859, from his home in Locust Grove, Virginia to Smyth County in Southwest Virginia. In the Civil War diaries, he describes medical care of soldiers and lists monthly figures of wounded and dead for the Second Corps field hospital. He discusses going onto the battlefield after the fighting stopped at First Manassas, the scene on the morning of the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; performing his first amputation; and his efforts to continue his medical education during the Civil War. Additionally, this series contains correspondence about Apperson's business career, 1900 and 1910, a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, and photographs of John Apperson, Elizabeth Black, and their children.","Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers, 1889-1977, and Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers, 1827-1984: Research files on the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion compose the bulk of these two series. Materials also include publications pertaining to family history; correspondence with the Rockford, Illinois Historical Society regarding research on Germanicus Kent; correspondence related to other genealogy research; the recollections of Elizabeth Black Apperson about Blacksburg history and buildings; family photographs and a photograph, ca. 1900, of the Alexander Black house in Blacksburg; and family artifacts.","Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks, 1933-1950: The scrapbooks largely consist of newspaper clippings detailing Harvey B. Apperson's political career and Democratic Party politics in the Roanoke area in the 1930s and in Richmond in the 1940s. Additionally, there are letters and telegrams of congratulation Apperson received when he was appointed Attorney General of Virginia in 1947, telegrams and letters of condolence his wife received upon his death four months later, photographs, and political ephemera.","Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company, 1826-1965: Legal documents and correspondence pertain to the division of proceeds of mining investments among the Apperson descendants of Harvey Black. The series also contains maps of Black and Apperson property in Blacksburg, ca. 1949.","Series X. Assorted Papers, 1872, 1912: The last series includes two items, the Louise Caton Travel Diary, 1912, and The Christian Union publication, 1872. The diary of Louise Caton's four-month tour of Europe in 1912 describes her voyage from New York to Genoa on the Laxmia and from Liverpool back to New York on the Celtic. The relationship of Louise Caton to the Black, Kent, and Apperson families is unknown.","This small series includes a letter Harvey Black received from family who had settled in Wisconsin; a letter from a member of the Crockett family pioneering in Washington Territory, and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regarding the establishment of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg.","In this subseries of five letters from Germanicus Kent to his sons and his brother Aratus, Kent discusses investments, family, and Lewis Lemon (Kent), who bought his freedom from Kent ca. 1835.","This folder contains four family letters presumed to pertain to the extended Kent Amiss family. The correspondents are Edith Boggs, David and E. Cook, Mary Sloutermires, William G., and his son Nelson.","Accounts and correspondence in these two bound cotton books detail Germanicus Kent's business as a cotton merchant in Huntsville, Alabama.","Materials corncern the Kent family's move from Alabama to Illinois.","This file contains a contract outlining the terms of a proposed business partnership between Edwin Amiss and Germanicus Kent and a contract to build a home in Blacksburg.","This series is composed primarily of five ledgers containing alphabetically indexed customer account histories for various mercantile establishments, probably in Blacksburg. Also included are documents and correspondence pertaining to Black family investments in oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.","This ledger includes an inventory, July 1908, for W. Stone \u0026 Son.","This subseries comprises documents pertaining to investments in the Radford Land Improvement Company, 1889; the Radford West End Land Company, 1909; and oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.","This subseries comprises miscellaneous receipts, 1862; Business Correspondence, 1900-1910; and a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, 1915.","These letters discuss the illness of the daughter of Mrs. Cyprus McCormick and John S. Apperson.","This file contains newspaper clippings on Blacksburg history and members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families.","The Directory's cover illustration is a photograph of a sculpture commemorating the role played by Germanicus Kent and Lewis Lemon, Kent's former slave, in the founding of Rockford, Illinois.","This series is primarily composed of research files on the genealogy of the Black, Kent, Apperson and related families. It also contains family photographs, including a picture of the Alexander Black House, later burned, ca. 1900; a folder of correspondence pertaining to Alexander Black's service on the vestry of Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954; a 1914 edition of \"The X-Ray,\" the yearbook of Marion High School; and a program from the 1962 annual convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This subseries contains one folder of correspondence pertaining to a proposed memorial to Harvey Black at Virginia Tech from 1953; one folder of correspondence concerning Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954, and one letter, 1934, from A.J. Oliver to Harvey Black Apperson, discussing Oliver's father, who worked for Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in the 1870s and helped plant the first trees on the campus.","This subseries includes the Marion High School yearbook, 1914; and a program from the Sixty-seventh Annual Convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1962.","This subseries comprises correspondence, applications to family heritage organizations, and copies of documents regarding genealogy research on the Black, Kent, Apperson, and related families.","File contains three items in French.","Documents in this subseries pertain to applications, by members of the Black family, for membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution, Huguenot Society, Magna Carta Barons, National Society of Colonial Wars, and the Society of Colonial Dames.","Scrapbooks contain newspaper clippings, incoming correspondence and telegrams, photographs, and ephemera documenting Harvey Apperson's political career from 1933, when he ran for the State Senate, to his death in 1948, four months after Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General.","Five scrapbooks and one box of items removed from the scrapbooks and copied for preservation. Photographs and ephemera removed from the scrapbooks are stored in Box 15.","This series is comprised of deeds, reports, correspondence, lease agreements, and receipts pertaining to Apperson family investments in mining operations at Poverty Hollow, Tom's Creek Road, the Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company, and M.C. Slusser and Company. It also contains maps of Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company coal land sold to the Hoge heirs in 1928 and maps showing property owned by the Alexander and Lizzie O. Black estate and Apperson Properties in 1937 and 1948.","The diary is an account of Louise Caton's voyage from New York to Genoa, Italy, her travels through Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Holland, France, and England, and her return from Liverpool to New York in the summer of 1912."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_36b4a62ab56ab232aa259e6ea40349e2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son"],"names_coll_ssim":["A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family","Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"famname_ssim":["Apperson family","Black family","Kent family"],"persname_ssim":["Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family","Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":172,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:44:34.154Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1410","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Blacksburg Oral History Project Records, 1982/1985","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1410#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. University Libraries","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1410#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Oral history project conducted by the University Libraries at Virginia Tech with residents of Blacksburg about the town's history. Collection consists of recorded interviews with eight citizens of in Blacksburg, Virginia. Transcripts for five of these interviews are currently available.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1410#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1410","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1410","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1410","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1410","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1410.xml","title_ssm":["Blacksburg Oral History Project Records"],"title_tesim":["Blacksburg Oral History Project Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1982-1985"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1982-1985"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1982/1985"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blacksburg Oral History Project Records, 1982/1985"],"text":["Blacksburg Oral History Project Records, 1982/1985","Ms.1985.005","Blacksburg (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","Oral histories (literary works)","Collection is open for research","This collection contains interviews with Blacksburg residents Cliff Busby, Georgia Croy, S.H. Kessinger, Lucy Lee Lancaster, George Litton, Howard Price, Carrie T. Sibold, and Ellison A. Smyth. Below is some brief biographical information about these interviewees.","Georgia Croy (1902-2000) was born and raised in Blacksburg, Virginia. She worked as a book keeper at a pharmacy for several years before she became a stenographer for Virginia Tech.","S.H. (Stanley) Kessinger (1899-1993) was born in Newport, Virginia. He moved to Blacksburg, Virginia, some time prior to 1930. He owned the Star Barber Shop on main street, where Kessinger also worked as a barber.","Lucy Lee Lancaster (1905-1989) was born and raised in Blacksburg, Virginia. She graduated was one of the first women to attend Virginia Tech and she was one of only four women who graduated from Virginia Tech in 1925. She later attended Columbia University Library School where she received a Master's degree in library science. She then worked as a librarian in the University Libraries at Virginia Tech.","George Litton (1910-1989) was born in Lee County, Virginia, where he grew up on a livestock farm. He graduated from Virginia Tech in 1931 with his bachelor's degree. At some point he also completed graduate work at Oklahoma State University. He later returned to Virginia where he worked for several years as a livestock agent. In 1940, returned to Virginia Tech, where Litton was appointed to the VPI animal husbandry faculty. He was later promoted to the head of the department of animal husbandry in 1952. He continued to live in Blacksburg until his death in 1989.","Howard Price (1909-1996) was born in Montgomery County, Virginia, where he lived nearly his entire life. He was a civil engineer at Virginia Tech for a number of years. Some time between 1940 and 1950, he became the assistant manager of a retail lumber company.","Carrie T. Sibold (1904-1990) was born in Montgomery County, Virginia. She was one of only four women to graduate from Virginia Tech in 1925. She was also one of the first five women to attend the university. After receiving her bachelor's, Sibold went on to become a stenographer for the Alumni Association. She lived in Blacksburg until her death in 1990.","Ellison A. Smyth (1903-1998) was born in Blacksburg, Montgomery County, Virginia, to his father, Ellison Smyth, who was a professor of biology and the dean at Virginia Tech. Smyth himself graduated from Virginia Tech in 1925 with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. He later went on to work for General Electric in Schenectady, N.Y. Smyth later attended Union Theological Seminary in Richmond, Virginia, and New College, Edinburgh, and later received his M.A. from Washington and Lee University. He then became a minister, which was his profession until he died in 1998.","External Sources:","1930, 1940, 1950, United States Federal Census.","https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/agents/people/1041 (lucy lee)","U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947 for Stanley Huston Kessinger, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/2238/records/10616600, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Stanley H. \"Kitty\" Kessinger entry, findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/135512046/stanley-h-kessinger, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Joseph P. Fontenot and Gary L. Minish, \"George Washington Litton, 1910 to 1989: A brief biography,\" https://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Joseph P. Fontenot and Gary L. Minish, \"George Washington Litton, 1910 to 1989: A brief biography,\" American Society of Animal Science, https://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Howard Price, United States Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/49968906, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Carrie T. Sibold entry, findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/42095477/carrie-sibold, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Ellison A. Smyth, United States Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/58552059, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Ellison Adger Smyth in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/9278/records/5182704, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Rev Ellison Adger Smyth, findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/131602948/ellison_adger-smyth, accessed on October 28, 2025.","The guide to the Blacksburg Oral History Project Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Francis Bell Letter was completed in October 2025.","Special Collections also houses the papers of the Croy family of Blacksburg, Virginia, including correspondence addressed to Georgia Croy. Please visit at https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2152 for the finding aid. Also see family photographs of the Croy family in the digital-only collection online.","Collection contains taped interviews conducted by the University Libraries of Virginia Tech with the following Blacksburg residents: Cliff Busby, Georgia Croy, S.H. Kessinger, Lucy Lee Lancaster, George Litton, Howard Price, Carrie T. Sibold, and Ellison A. Smyth. Transcripts are currently available for Georgia Croy, Lucy Lee Lancaster, Howard Price, Cliff Busby, and George Litton.","As of October 2021 transcripts are available for Lucy Lancaster, Cliff Busbee, Georgia Croy, George Litton, and Howard Price.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Oral history project conducted by the University Libraries at Virginia Tech with residents of Blacksburg about the town's history. Collection consists of recorded interviews with eight citizens of in Blacksburg, Virginia. Transcripts for five of these interviews are currently available.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. University Libraries","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Blacksburg Oral History Project Records, 1982/1985"],"collection_ssim":["Blacksburg Oral History Project Records, 1982/1985"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1985.005"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1985.005"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. University Libraries"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. University Libraries"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. University Libraries"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. University Libraries"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired by Special Collections and University Archives prior to 1985."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","Oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","Oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1982,1983,1984,1985],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains interviews with Blacksburg residents Cliff Busby, Georgia Croy, S.H. Kessinger, Lucy Lee Lancaster, George Litton, Howard Price, Carrie T. Sibold, and Ellison A. Smyth. Below is some brief biographical information about these interviewees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Croy (1902-2000) was born and raised in Blacksburg, Virginia. She worked as a book keeper at a pharmacy for several years before she became a stenographer for Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eS.H. (Stanley) Kessinger (1899-1993) was born in Newport, Virginia. He moved to Blacksburg, Virginia, some time prior to 1930. He owned the Star Barber Shop on main street, where Kessinger also worked as a barber. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLucy Lee Lancaster (1905-1989) was born and raised in Blacksburg, Virginia. She graduated was one of the first women to attend Virginia Tech and she was one of only four women who graduated from Virginia Tech in 1925. She later attended Columbia University Library School where she received a Master's degree in library science. She then worked as a librarian in the University Libraries at Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Litton (1910-1989) was born in Lee County, Virginia, where he grew up on a livestock farm. He graduated from Virginia Tech in 1931 with his bachelor's degree. At some point he also completed graduate work at Oklahoma State University. He later returned to Virginia where he worked for several years as a livestock agent. In 1940, returned to Virginia Tech, where Litton was appointed to the VPI animal husbandry faculty. He was later promoted to the head of the department of animal husbandry in 1952. He continued to live in Blacksburg until his death in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHoward Price (1909-1996) was born in Montgomery County, Virginia, where he lived nearly his entire life. He was a civil engineer at Virginia Tech for a number of years. Some time between 1940 and 1950, he became the assistant manager of a retail lumber company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarrie T. Sibold (1904-1990) was born in Montgomery County, Virginia. She was one of only four women to graduate from Virginia Tech in 1925. She was also one of the first five women to attend the university. After receiving her bachelor's, Sibold went on to become a stenographer for the Alumni Association. She lived in Blacksburg until her death in 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllison A. Smyth (1903-1998) was born in Blacksburg, Montgomery County, Virginia, to his father, Ellison Smyth, who was a professor of biology and the dean at Virginia Tech. Smyth himself graduated from Virginia Tech in 1925 with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. He later went on to work for General Electric in Schenectady, N.Y. Smyth later attended Union Theological Seminary in Richmond, Virginia, and New College, Edinburgh, and later received his M.A. from Washington and Lee University. He then became a minister, which was his profession until he died in 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExternal Sources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930, 1940, 1950, United States Federal Census.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://aspace.lib.vt.edu/agents/people/1041 (lucy lee)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947 for Stanley Huston Kessinger, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/2238/records/10616600\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/2238/records/10616600,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStanley H. \"Kitty\" Kessinger entry, findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/135512046/stanley-h-kessinger\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/135512046/stanley-h-kessinger,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph P. Fontenot and Gary L. Minish, \"George Washington Litton, 1910 to 1989: A brief biography,\" \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf\"\u003ehttps://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph P. Fontenot and Gary L. Minish, \"George Washington Litton, 1910 to 1989: A brief biography,\" American Society of Animal Science, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf\"\u003ehttps://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHoward Price, United States Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/49968906\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/49968906,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarrie T. Sibold entry, findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/42095477/carrie-sibold\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/42095477/carrie-sibold,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllison A. Smyth, United States Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/58552059\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/58552059,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllison Adger Smyth in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/9278/records/5182704\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/9278/records/5182704,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRev Ellison Adger Smyth, findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/131602948/ellison_adger-smyth\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/131602948/ellison_adger-smyth,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["This collection contains interviews with Blacksburg residents Cliff Busby, Georgia Croy, S.H. Kessinger, Lucy Lee Lancaster, George Litton, Howard Price, Carrie T. Sibold, and Ellison A. Smyth. Below is some brief biographical information about these interviewees.","Georgia Croy (1902-2000) was born and raised in Blacksburg, Virginia. She worked as a book keeper at a pharmacy for several years before she became a stenographer for Virginia Tech.","S.H. (Stanley) Kessinger (1899-1993) was born in Newport, Virginia. He moved to Blacksburg, Virginia, some time prior to 1930. He owned the Star Barber Shop on main street, where Kessinger also worked as a barber.","Lucy Lee Lancaster (1905-1989) was born and raised in Blacksburg, Virginia. She graduated was one of the first women to attend Virginia Tech and she was one of only four women who graduated from Virginia Tech in 1925. She later attended Columbia University Library School where she received a Master's degree in library science. She then worked as a librarian in the University Libraries at Virginia Tech.","George Litton (1910-1989) was born in Lee County, Virginia, where he grew up on a livestock farm. He graduated from Virginia Tech in 1931 with his bachelor's degree. At some point he also completed graduate work at Oklahoma State University. He later returned to Virginia where he worked for several years as a livestock agent. In 1940, returned to Virginia Tech, where Litton was appointed to the VPI animal husbandry faculty. He was later promoted to the head of the department of animal husbandry in 1952. He continued to live in Blacksburg until his death in 1989.","Howard Price (1909-1996) was born in Montgomery County, Virginia, where he lived nearly his entire life. He was a civil engineer at Virginia Tech for a number of years. Some time between 1940 and 1950, he became the assistant manager of a retail lumber company.","Carrie T. Sibold (1904-1990) was born in Montgomery County, Virginia. She was one of only four women to graduate from Virginia Tech in 1925. She was also one of the first five women to attend the university. After receiving her bachelor's, Sibold went on to become a stenographer for the Alumni Association. She lived in Blacksburg until her death in 1990.","Ellison A. Smyth (1903-1998) was born in Blacksburg, Montgomery County, Virginia, to his father, Ellison Smyth, who was a professor of biology and the dean at Virginia Tech. Smyth himself graduated from Virginia Tech in 1925 with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. He later went on to work for General Electric in Schenectady, N.Y. Smyth later attended Union Theological Seminary in Richmond, Virginia, and New College, Edinburgh, and later received his M.A. from Washington and Lee University. He then became a minister, which was his profession until he died in 1998.","External Sources:","1930, 1940, 1950, United States Federal Census.","https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/agents/people/1041 (lucy lee)","U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947 for Stanley Huston Kessinger, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/2238/records/10616600, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Stanley H. \"Kitty\" Kessinger entry, findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/135512046/stanley-h-kessinger, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Joseph P. Fontenot and Gary L. Minish, \"George Washington Litton, 1910 to 1989: A brief biography,\" https://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Joseph P. Fontenot and Gary L. Minish, \"George Washington Litton, 1910 to 1989: A brief biography,\" American Society of Animal Science, https://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Howard Price, United States Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/49968906, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Carrie T. Sibold entry, findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/42095477/carrie-sibold, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Ellison A. Smyth, United States Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/58552059, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Ellison Adger Smyth in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/9278/records/5182704, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Rev Ellison Adger Smyth, findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/131602948/ellison_adger-smyth, accessed on October 28, 2025."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Blacksburg Oral History Project Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Blacksburg Oral History Project Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Blacksburg Oral History Project Records, Ms1985-005, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Blacksburg Oral History Project Records, Ms1985-005, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Francis Bell Letter was completed in October 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Francis Bell Letter was completed in October 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections also houses the papers of the Croy family of Blacksburg, Virginia, including correspondence addressed to Georgia Croy. Please visit at https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2152 for the finding aid. Also see family photographs of the Croy family in the \u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/CroyFamilyPhotographs\"\u003edigital-only collection online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections also houses the papers of the Croy family of Blacksburg, Virginia, including correspondence addressed to Georgia Croy. Please visit at https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2152 for the finding aid. Also see family photographs of the Croy family in the digital-only collection online."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection contains taped interviews conducted by the University Libraries of Virginia Tech with the following Blacksburg residents: Cliff Busby, Georgia Croy, S.H. Kessinger, Lucy Lee Lancaster, George Litton, Howard Price, Carrie T. Sibold, and Ellison A. Smyth. Transcripts are currently available for Georgia Croy, Lucy Lee Lancaster, Howard Price, Cliff Busby, and George Litton.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAs of October 2021 transcripts are available for Lucy Lancaster, Cliff Busbee, Georgia Croy, George Litton, and Howard Price.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection contains taped interviews conducted by the University Libraries of Virginia Tech with the following Blacksburg residents: Cliff Busby, Georgia Croy, S.H. Kessinger, Lucy Lee Lancaster, George Litton, Howard Price, Carrie T. Sibold, and Ellison A. Smyth. Transcripts are currently available for Georgia Croy, Lucy Lee Lancaster, Howard Price, Cliff Busby, and George Litton.","As of October 2021 transcripts are available for Lucy Lancaster, Cliff Busbee, Georgia Croy, George Litton, and Howard Price."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_17f86720aecc29dbdf76d9b201adeeec\"\u003eOral history project conducted by the University Libraries at Virginia Tech with residents of Blacksburg about the town's history. Collection consists of recorded interviews with eight citizens of in Blacksburg, Virginia. Transcripts for five of these interviews are currently available.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Oral history project conducted by the University Libraries at Virginia Tech with residents of Blacksburg about the town's history. Collection consists of recorded interviews with eight citizens of in Blacksburg, Virginia. Transcripts for five of these interviews are currently available."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. University Libraries"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. University Libraries"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:45:03.361Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1410","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1410","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1410","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1410","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1410.xml","title_ssm":["Blacksburg Oral History Project Records"],"title_tesim":["Blacksburg Oral History Project Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1982-1985"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1982-1985"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1982/1985"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blacksburg Oral History Project Records, 1982/1985"],"text":["Blacksburg Oral History Project Records, 1982/1985","Ms.1985.005","Blacksburg (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","Oral histories (literary works)","Collection is open for research","This collection contains interviews with Blacksburg residents Cliff Busby, Georgia Croy, S.H. Kessinger, Lucy Lee Lancaster, George Litton, Howard Price, Carrie T. Sibold, and Ellison A. Smyth. Below is some brief biographical information about these interviewees.","Georgia Croy (1902-2000) was born and raised in Blacksburg, Virginia. She worked as a book keeper at a pharmacy for several years before she became a stenographer for Virginia Tech.","S.H. (Stanley) Kessinger (1899-1993) was born in Newport, Virginia. He moved to Blacksburg, Virginia, some time prior to 1930. He owned the Star Barber Shop on main street, where Kessinger also worked as a barber.","Lucy Lee Lancaster (1905-1989) was born and raised in Blacksburg, Virginia. She graduated was one of the first women to attend Virginia Tech and she was one of only four women who graduated from Virginia Tech in 1925. She later attended Columbia University Library School where she received a Master's degree in library science. She then worked as a librarian in the University Libraries at Virginia Tech.","George Litton (1910-1989) was born in Lee County, Virginia, where he grew up on a livestock farm. He graduated from Virginia Tech in 1931 with his bachelor's degree. At some point he also completed graduate work at Oklahoma State University. He later returned to Virginia where he worked for several years as a livestock agent. In 1940, returned to Virginia Tech, where Litton was appointed to the VPI animal husbandry faculty. He was later promoted to the head of the department of animal husbandry in 1952. He continued to live in Blacksburg until his death in 1989.","Howard Price (1909-1996) was born in Montgomery County, Virginia, where he lived nearly his entire life. He was a civil engineer at Virginia Tech for a number of years. Some time between 1940 and 1950, he became the assistant manager of a retail lumber company.","Carrie T. Sibold (1904-1990) was born in Montgomery County, Virginia. She was one of only four women to graduate from Virginia Tech in 1925. She was also one of the first five women to attend the university. After receiving her bachelor's, Sibold went on to become a stenographer for the Alumni Association. She lived in Blacksburg until her death in 1990.","Ellison A. Smyth (1903-1998) was born in Blacksburg, Montgomery County, Virginia, to his father, Ellison Smyth, who was a professor of biology and the dean at Virginia Tech. Smyth himself graduated from Virginia Tech in 1925 with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. He later went on to work for General Electric in Schenectady, N.Y. Smyth later attended Union Theological Seminary in Richmond, Virginia, and New College, Edinburgh, and later received his M.A. from Washington and Lee University. He then became a minister, which was his profession until he died in 1998.","External Sources:","1930, 1940, 1950, United States Federal Census.","https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/agents/people/1041 (lucy lee)","U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947 for Stanley Huston Kessinger, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/2238/records/10616600, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Stanley H. \"Kitty\" Kessinger entry, findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/135512046/stanley-h-kessinger, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Joseph P. Fontenot and Gary L. Minish, \"George Washington Litton, 1910 to 1989: A brief biography,\" https://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Joseph P. Fontenot and Gary L. Minish, \"George Washington Litton, 1910 to 1989: A brief biography,\" American Society of Animal Science, https://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Howard Price, United States Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/49968906, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Carrie T. Sibold entry, findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/42095477/carrie-sibold, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Ellison A. Smyth, United States Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/58552059, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Ellison Adger Smyth in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/9278/records/5182704, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Rev Ellison Adger Smyth, findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/131602948/ellison_adger-smyth, accessed on October 28, 2025.","The guide to the Blacksburg Oral History Project Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Francis Bell Letter was completed in October 2025.","Special Collections also houses the papers of the Croy family of Blacksburg, Virginia, including correspondence addressed to Georgia Croy. Please visit at https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2152 for the finding aid. Also see family photographs of the Croy family in the digital-only collection online.","Collection contains taped interviews conducted by the University Libraries of Virginia Tech with the following Blacksburg residents: Cliff Busby, Georgia Croy, S.H. Kessinger, Lucy Lee Lancaster, George Litton, Howard Price, Carrie T. Sibold, and Ellison A. Smyth. Transcripts are currently available for Georgia Croy, Lucy Lee Lancaster, Howard Price, Cliff Busby, and George Litton.","As of October 2021 transcripts are available for Lucy Lancaster, Cliff Busbee, Georgia Croy, George Litton, and Howard Price.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Oral history project conducted by the University Libraries at Virginia Tech with residents of Blacksburg about the town's history. Collection consists of recorded interviews with eight citizens of in Blacksburg, Virginia. Transcripts for five of these interviews are currently available.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. University Libraries","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Blacksburg Oral History Project Records, 1982/1985"],"collection_ssim":["Blacksburg Oral History Project Records, 1982/1985"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1985.005"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1985.005"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. University Libraries"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. University Libraries"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. University Libraries"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. University Libraries"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was acquired by Special Collections and University Archives prior to 1985."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","Oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","Oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1982,1983,1984,1985],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains interviews with Blacksburg residents Cliff Busby, Georgia Croy, S.H. Kessinger, Lucy Lee Lancaster, George Litton, Howard Price, Carrie T. Sibold, and Ellison A. Smyth. Below is some brief biographical information about these interviewees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Croy (1902-2000) was born and raised in Blacksburg, Virginia. She worked as a book keeper at a pharmacy for several years before she became a stenographer for Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eS.H. (Stanley) Kessinger (1899-1993) was born in Newport, Virginia. He moved to Blacksburg, Virginia, some time prior to 1930. He owned the Star Barber Shop on main street, where Kessinger also worked as a barber. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLucy Lee Lancaster (1905-1989) was born and raised in Blacksburg, Virginia. She graduated was one of the first women to attend Virginia Tech and she was one of only four women who graduated from Virginia Tech in 1925. She later attended Columbia University Library School where she received a Master's degree in library science. She then worked as a librarian in the University Libraries at Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Litton (1910-1989) was born in Lee County, Virginia, where he grew up on a livestock farm. He graduated from Virginia Tech in 1931 with his bachelor's degree. At some point he also completed graduate work at Oklahoma State University. He later returned to Virginia where he worked for several years as a livestock agent. In 1940, returned to Virginia Tech, where Litton was appointed to the VPI animal husbandry faculty. He was later promoted to the head of the department of animal husbandry in 1952. He continued to live in Blacksburg until his death in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHoward Price (1909-1996) was born in Montgomery County, Virginia, where he lived nearly his entire life. He was a civil engineer at Virginia Tech for a number of years. Some time between 1940 and 1950, he became the assistant manager of a retail lumber company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarrie T. Sibold (1904-1990) was born in Montgomery County, Virginia. She was one of only four women to graduate from Virginia Tech in 1925. She was also one of the first five women to attend the university. After receiving her bachelor's, Sibold went on to become a stenographer for the Alumni Association. She lived in Blacksburg until her death in 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllison A. Smyth (1903-1998) was born in Blacksburg, Montgomery County, Virginia, to his father, Ellison Smyth, who was a professor of biology and the dean at Virginia Tech. Smyth himself graduated from Virginia Tech in 1925 with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. He later went on to work for General Electric in Schenectady, N.Y. Smyth later attended Union Theological Seminary in Richmond, Virginia, and New College, Edinburgh, and later received his M.A. from Washington and Lee University. He then became a minister, which was his profession until he died in 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExternal Sources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930, 1940, 1950, United States Federal Census.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://aspace.lib.vt.edu/agents/people/1041 (lucy lee)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947 for Stanley Huston Kessinger, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/2238/records/10616600\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/2238/records/10616600,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStanley H. \"Kitty\" Kessinger entry, findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/135512046/stanley-h-kessinger\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/135512046/stanley-h-kessinger,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph P. Fontenot and Gary L. Minish, \"George Washington Litton, 1910 to 1989: A brief biography,\" \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf\"\u003ehttps://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph P. Fontenot and Gary L. Minish, \"George Washington Litton, 1910 to 1989: A brief biography,\" American Society of Animal Science, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf\"\u003ehttps://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHoward Price, United States Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/49968906\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/49968906,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarrie T. Sibold entry, findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/42095477/carrie-sibold\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/42095477/carrie-sibold,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllison A. Smyth, United States Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/58552059\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/58552059,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllison Adger Smyth in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/9278/records/5182704\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/9278/records/5182704,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRev Ellison Adger Smyth, findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/131602948/ellison_adger-smyth\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/131602948/ellison_adger-smyth,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on October 28, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["This collection contains interviews with Blacksburg residents Cliff Busby, Georgia Croy, S.H. Kessinger, Lucy Lee Lancaster, George Litton, Howard Price, Carrie T. Sibold, and Ellison A. Smyth. Below is some brief biographical information about these interviewees.","Georgia Croy (1902-2000) was born and raised in Blacksburg, Virginia. She worked as a book keeper at a pharmacy for several years before she became a stenographer for Virginia Tech.","S.H. (Stanley) Kessinger (1899-1993) was born in Newport, Virginia. He moved to Blacksburg, Virginia, some time prior to 1930. He owned the Star Barber Shop on main street, where Kessinger also worked as a barber.","Lucy Lee Lancaster (1905-1989) was born and raised in Blacksburg, Virginia. She graduated was one of the first women to attend Virginia Tech and she was one of only four women who graduated from Virginia Tech in 1925. She later attended Columbia University Library School where she received a Master's degree in library science. She then worked as a librarian in the University Libraries at Virginia Tech.","George Litton (1910-1989) was born in Lee County, Virginia, where he grew up on a livestock farm. He graduated from Virginia Tech in 1931 with his bachelor's degree. At some point he also completed graduate work at Oklahoma State University. He later returned to Virginia where he worked for several years as a livestock agent. In 1940, returned to Virginia Tech, where Litton was appointed to the VPI animal husbandry faculty. He was later promoted to the head of the department of animal husbandry in 1952. He continued to live in Blacksburg until his death in 1989.","Howard Price (1909-1996) was born in Montgomery County, Virginia, where he lived nearly his entire life. He was a civil engineer at Virginia Tech for a number of years. Some time between 1940 and 1950, he became the assistant manager of a retail lumber company.","Carrie T. Sibold (1904-1990) was born in Montgomery County, Virginia. She was one of only four women to graduate from Virginia Tech in 1925. She was also one of the first five women to attend the university. After receiving her bachelor's, Sibold went on to become a stenographer for the Alumni Association. She lived in Blacksburg until her death in 1990.","Ellison A. Smyth (1903-1998) was born in Blacksburg, Montgomery County, Virginia, to his father, Ellison Smyth, who was a professor of biology and the dean at Virginia Tech. Smyth himself graduated from Virginia Tech in 1925 with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. He later went on to work for General Electric in Schenectady, N.Y. Smyth later attended Union Theological Seminary in Richmond, Virginia, and New College, Edinburgh, and later received his M.A. from Washington and Lee University. He then became a minister, which was his profession until he died in 1998.","External Sources:","1930, 1940, 1950, United States Federal Census.","https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/agents/people/1041 (lucy lee)","U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947 for Stanley Huston Kessinger, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/2238/records/10616600, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Stanley H. \"Kitty\" Kessinger entry, findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/135512046/stanley-h-kessinger, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Joseph P. Fontenot and Gary L. Minish, \"George Washington Litton, 1910 to 1989: A brief biography,\" https://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Joseph P. Fontenot and Gary L. Minish, \"George Washington Litton, 1910 to 1989: A brief biography,\" American Society of Animal Science, https://www.asas.org/docs/default-source/midwest/mw2020/publications/litton.pdf, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Howard Price, United States Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/49968906, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Carrie T. Sibold entry, findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/42095477/carrie-sibold, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Ellison A. Smyth, United States Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/3693/records/58552059, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Ellison Adger Smyth in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/search/collections/9278/records/5182704, accessed on October 28, 2025.","Rev Ellison Adger Smyth, findagrave.com, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/131602948/ellison_adger-smyth, accessed on October 28, 2025."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Blacksburg Oral History Project Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Blacksburg Oral History Project Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Blacksburg Oral History Project Records, Ms1985-005, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Blacksburg Oral History Project Records, Ms1985-005, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Francis Bell Letter was completed in October 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Francis Bell Letter was completed in October 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections also houses the papers of the Croy family of Blacksburg, Virginia, including correspondence addressed to Georgia Croy. Please visit at https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2152 for the finding aid. Also see family photographs of the Croy family in the \u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/CroyFamilyPhotographs\"\u003edigital-only collection online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections also houses the papers of the Croy family of Blacksburg, Virginia, including correspondence addressed to Georgia Croy. Please visit at https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2152 for the finding aid. Also see family photographs of the Croy family in the digital-only collection online."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection contains taped interviews conducted by the University Libraries of Virginia Tech with the following Blacksburg residents: Cliff Busby, Georgia Croy, S.H. Kessinger, Lucy Lee Lancaster, George Litton, Howard Price, Carrie T. Sibold, and Ellison A. Smyth. Transcripts are currently available for Georgia Croy, Lucy Lee Lancaster, Howard Price, Cliff Busby, and George Litton.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAs of October 2021 transcripts are available for Lucy Lancaster, Cliff Busbee, Georgia Croy, George Litton, and Howard Price.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection contains taped interviews conducted by the University Libraries of Virginia Tech with the following Blacksburg residents: Cliff Busby, Georgia Croy, S.H. Kessinger, Lucy Lee Lancaster, George Litton, Howard Price, Carrie T. Sibold, and Ellison A. Smyth. Transcripts are currently available for Georgia Croy, Lucy Lee Lancaster, Howard Price, Cliff Busby, and George Litton.","As of October 2021 transcripts are available for Lucy Lancaster, Cliff Busbee, Georgia Croy, George Litton, and Howard Price."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_17f86720aecc29dbdf76d9b201adeeec\"\u003eOral history project conducted by the University Libraries at Virginia Tech with residents of Blacksburg about the town's history. Collection consists of recorded interviews with eight citizens of in Blacksburg, Virginia. Transcripts for five of these interviews are currently available.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Oral history project conducted by the University Libraries at Virginia Tech with residents of Blacksburg about the town's history. Collection consists of recorded interviews with eight citizens of in Blacksburg, Virginia. Transcripts for five of these interviews are currently available."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. University Libraries"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. University Libraries"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:45:03.361Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1410"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3146","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Blacksburg Vertical Files (List of Subjects),","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3146#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIn general, vertical files at Special Collections and University Archives include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephemera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Blacksburg and its history. Each topic below has at least one folder and many include cross references.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3146#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3146","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3146","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3146","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3146","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3146.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Blacksburg Vertical Files (List of Subjects),","title_ssm":["Blacksburg Vertical Files (List of Subjects),"],"title_tesim":["Blacksburg Vertical Files (List of Subjects),"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960s-present"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960s-present"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blacksburg Vertical Files (List of Subjects),"],"text":["Blacksburg Vertical Files (List of Subjects),","VerticalFile.001","Blacksburg (Va.)","Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","Vertical files","The collection is open for research.","Vertical files are arranged alphabetically by subject.","The guide to the Blacksburg Vertical Files by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/).","See the following collections at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\n\nMontgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files\nSouthwest Virginia Vertical Files\nBiographical Vertical Files (mostly relating to Virginia Tech and/or local history)\nRecord Group Vertical Files (history of Virginia Tech colleges, departments, administrative units, and organizations)\nVirginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings (precursor to the vertical files, with materials dating back to the 1870s)","In general, vertical files at Special Collections and University Archives include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephemera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Blacksburg and its history. Each topic below has at least one folder and many include cross references.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Blacksburg Vertical Files (List of Subjects),"],"collection_ssim":["Blacksburg Vertical Files (List of Subjects),"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VerticalFile.001"],"unitid_tesim":["VerticalFile.001"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Newman Library staff began collection materials for vertical files during the 1960s. Special Collections and University Archives staff add to existing files and continue to create new files as the need arises."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","Vertical files"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","Vertical files"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11.21 Cubic Feet 20 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["11.21 Cubic Feet 20 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Vertical files"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVertical files are arranged alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Vertical files are arranged alphabetically by subject."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Blacksburg Vertical Files by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Blacksburg Vertical Files by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [folder title], Blacksburg Vertical Files, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [folder title], Blacksburg Vertical Files, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the following collections at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01043.xml\"\u003eMontgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01044.xml\"\u003eSouthwest Virginia Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01185.xml\"\u003eBiographical Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e (mostly relating to Virginia Tech and/or local history)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01186.xml\"\u003eRecord Group Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e (history of Virginia Tech colleges, departments, administrative units, and organizations)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01808.xml\"\u003eVirginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings\u003c/a\u003e (precursor to the vertical files, with materials dating back to the 1870s)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the following collections at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\n\nMontgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files\nSouthwest Virginia Vertical Files\nBiographical Vertical Files (mostly relating to Virginia Tech and/or local history)\nRecord Group Vertical Files (history of Virginia Tech colleges, departments, administrative units, and organizations)\nVirginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings (precursor to the vertical files, with materials dating back to the 1870s)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn general, vertical files at Special Collections and University Archives include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephemera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Blacksburg and its history. Each topic below has at least one folder and many include cross references.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["In general, vertical files at Special Collections and University Archives include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephemera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Blacksburg and its history. Each topic below has at least one folder and many include cross references."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":178,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:48:14.793Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3146","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3146","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3146","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3146","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3146.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Blacksburg Vertical Files (List of Subjects),","title_ssm":["Blacksburg Vertical Files (List of Subjects),"],"title_tesim":["Blacksburg Vertical Files (List of Subjects),"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960s-present"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960s-present"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blacksburg Vertical Files (List of Subjects),"],"text":["Blacksburg Vertical Files (List of Subjects),","VerticalFile.001","Blacksburg (Va.)","Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","Vertical files","The collection is open for research.","Vertical files are arranged alphabetically by subject.","The guide to the Blacksburg Vertical Files by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/).","See the following collections at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\n\nMontgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files\nSouthwest Virginia Vertical Files\nBiographical Vertical Files (mostly relating to Virginia Tech and/or local history)\nRecord Group Vertical Files (history of Virginia Tech colleges, departments, administrative units, and organizations)\nVirginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings (precursor to the vertical files, with materials dating back to the 1870s)","In general, vertical files at Special Collections and University Archives include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephemera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Blacksburg and its history. Each topic below has at least one folder and many include cross references.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Blacksburg Vertical Files (List of Subjects),"],"collection_ssim":["Blacksburg Vertical Files (List of Subjects),"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VerticalFile.001"],"unitid_tesim":["VerticalFile.001"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Newman Library staff began collection materials for vertical files during the 1960s. Special Collections and University Archives staff add to existing files and continue to create new files as the need arises."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","Vertical files"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","Vertical files"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11.21 Cubic Feet 20 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["11.21 Cubic Feet 20 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Vertical files"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVertical files are arranged alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Vertical files are arranged alphabetically by subject."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Blacksburg Vertical Files by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Blacksburg Vertical Files by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [folder title], Blacksburg Vertical Files, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [folder title], Blacksburg Vertical Files, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the following collections at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01043.xml\"\u003eMontgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01044.xml\"\u003eSouthwest Virginia Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01185.xml\"\u003eBiographical Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e (mostly relating to Virginia Tech and/or local history)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01186.xml\"\u003eRecord Group Vertical Files\u003c/a\u003e (history of Virginia Tech colleges, departments, administrative units, and organizations)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01808.xml\"\u003eVirginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings\u003c/a\u003e (precursor to the vertical files, with materials dating back to the 1870s)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the following collections at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\n\nMontgomery County/Christiansburg Vertical Files\nSouthwest Virginia Vertical Files\nBiographical Vertical Files (mostly relating to Virginia Tech and/or local history)\nRecord Group Vertical Files (history of Virginia Tech colleges, departments, administrative units, and organizations)\nVirginia Tech and Local History Mounted Clippings (precursor to the vertical files, with materials dating back to the 1870s)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn general, vertical files at Special Collections and University Archives include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephemera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Blacksburg and its history. Each topic below has at least one folder and many include cross references.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["In general, vertical files at Special Collections and University Archives include newspaper clippings, photocopies, ephemera, unpublished and/or informal publications, and other papers relating to a specific subject area. Files in this collection relate to Blacksburg and its history. Each topic below has at least one folder and many include cross references."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":178,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:48:14.793Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3146"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1225","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Blacksburg Woman's Club Records, 1907/1972","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1225#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1225#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Blacksburg Woman's Club Records include club correspondence, minutes, financial records, scrapbooks, and printed material.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1225#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1225","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1225","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1225","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1225","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1225.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Blacksburg Woman's Club Records","title_ssm":["Blacksburg Woman's Club Records"],"title_tesim":["Blacksburg Woman's Club Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1907-1972"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1907-1972"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1907/1972"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blacksburg Woman's Club Records, 1907/1972"],"text":["Blacksburg Woman's Club Records, 1907/1972","Ms.1963.002","Blacksburg (Va.)","Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","The collection is arranged in the following series:","I. Correspondence, 1953-1970. This series contains a small set of correspondence, most of which is from the club's final few years and was apparently overlooked during the compilation of scrapbooks. Arranged chronologically.","II. Minutes, 1907-1970. In addition to the minutes of the general club meetings, this series also contains minutes of the executive committee meetings. Arranged by type, then chronologically.","III. Financial Records, 1914-1970. The club's financial records include the treasurers' books and reports, as well as documentation such as check stubs, deposit slips and receipts, most of which are from the few years immediately preceding the club's dissolution. Arranged by type, then chronologically.","IV. Scrapbooks, 1936-1968. By far the most extensive of the series, the scrapbooks comprise the core of the collection. Covering 30 years of the club's history, the scrapbooks contain a large variety of materials, including correspondence, memorabilia, minutes, calendars, rosters, newspaper clippings and other printed materials relating to both the Blacksburg Woman's Club and the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Arranged chronologically.","V. Club Activities, 1937-1970. This small series contains various histories of the club, together with materials (mostly printed matter) relating to various activities, specifically the 1952 \"Get Out the Vote\" campaign. Arranged by type, then chronologically.","VI. Printed Materials, 1917-1970. Included in the printed materials are the club's newsletters and yearbooks, as well as a history and a cookbook published by the club. The series also contains a few publications of the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs and a few newspaper clippings. Arranged by format, then chronologically, with local publications preceding those of the statewide organization.","VII. General Materials, 1964-1968. This small series contains a few photos of club members and some assorted ephemera. Arranged by type.","Arising from a desire to improve the cultural and environmental aspects of life in the Blacksburg area, the Woman's Civic Betterment Club was founded in 1907. Led by its first president, Mrs. R. H. Hudnall, the organization became affiliated with the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs in 1912 and was renamed the Blacksburg Woman's Club in 1914. Throughout the next several decades, the club was involved in a number of local civic improvement projects, involving community beautification, public health, civil defense, charity, and cultural programs. The Blacksburg Garden Club was originally a committee within the Blacksburg Woman's Club before voting to form an independent organization in 1930. Another offshoot organization, the Blacksburg Junior Woman's Club, was created in 1935 and continues to be active today (2003). The club disbanded in 1970.","The guide to the Blacksburg Woman's Club Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Blacksburg Woman's Club Records commenced in November 2003 and was completed December 2003.","This collection contains the records of the Blacksburg Woman's Club. Materials include the club's correspondence; official minutes of both the general club and executive committee meetings; and financial records. The core of the collection is found in a large set of scrapbooks, ranging from the 1930s to 1970s, which document all facets of the club's activities. There are also printed materials of both the Blacksburg Woman's Club and the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Scattered throughout are materials relating to the Blacksburg Junior Woman's Club. A small set of photos and ephemera completes the collection.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Blacksburg Woman's Club Records include club correspondence, minutes, financial records, scrapbooks, and printed material.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Blacksburg Woman's Club Records, 1907/1972"],"collection_ssim":["Blacksburg Woman's Club Records, 1907/1972"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1963.002"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1963.002"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Blacksburg Woman's Club deposited many of its records in Newman Library in 1962; those materials were donated to the library the following year. Upon dissolution of the club in 1970, the club donated the remainder of its records. Additional materials were donated by the club's last president in 1972, and a 1941/1942 scrapbook was donated in 1990."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Cubic Feet 8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["7 Cubic Feet 8 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available \u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1963-002\" target=\"new\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI. Correspondence, 1953-1970. This series contains a small set of correspondence, most of which is from the club's final few years and was apparently overlooked during the compilation of scrapbooks. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eII. Minutes, 1907-1970. In addition to the minutes of the general club meetings, this series also contains minutes of the executive committee meetings. Arranged by type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIII. Financial Records, 1914-1970. The club's financial records include the treasurers' books and reports, as well as documentation such as check stubs, deposit slips and receipts, most of which are from the few years immediately preceding the club's dissolution. Arranged by type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIV. Scrapbooks, 1936-1968. By far the most extensive of the series, the scrapbooks comprise the core of the collection. Covering 30 years of the club's history, the scrapbooks contain a large variety of materials, including correspondence, memorabilia, minutes, calendars, rosters, newspaper clippings and other printed materials relating to both the Blacksburg Woman's Club and the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eV. Club Activities, 1937-1970. This small series contains various histories of the club, together with materials (mostly printed matter) relating to various activities, specifically the 1952 \"Get Out the Vote\" campaign. Arranged by type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVI. Printed Materials, 1917-1970. Included in the printed materials are the club's newsletters and yearbooks, as well as a history and a cookbook published by the club. The series also contains a few publications of the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs and a few newspaper clippings. Arranged by format, then chronologically, with local publications preceding those of the statewide organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVII. General Materials, 1964-1968. This small series contains a few photos of club members and some assorted ephemera. Arranged by type.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in the following series:","I. Correspondence, 1953-1970. This series contains a small set of correspondence, most of which is from the club's final few years and was apparently overlooked during the compilation of scrapbooks. Arranged chronologically.","II. Minutes, 1907-1970. In addition to the minutes of the general club meetings, this series also contains minutes of the executive committee meetings. Arranged by type, then chronologically.","III. Financial Records, 1914-1970. The club's financial records include the treasurers' books and reports, as well as documentation such as check stubs, deposit slips and receipts, most of which are from the few years immediately preceding the club's dissolution. Arranged by type, then chronologically.","IV. Scrapbooks, 1936-1968. By far the most extensive of the series, the scrapbooks comprise the core of the collection. Covering 30 years of the club's history, the scrapbooks contain a large variety of materials, including correspondence, memorabilia, minutes, calendars, rosters, newspaper clippings and other printed materials relating to both the Blacksburg Woman's Club and the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Arranged chronologically.","V. Club Activities, 1937-1970. This small series contains various histories of the club, together with materials (mostly printed matter) relating to various activities, specifically the 1952 \"Get Out the Vote\" campaign. Arranged by type, then chronologically.","VI. Printed Materials, 1917-1970. Included in the printed materials are the club's newsletters and yearbooks, as well as a history and a cookbook published by the club. The series also contains a few publications of the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs and a few newspaper clippings. Arranged by format, then chronologically, with local publications preceding those of the statewide organization.","VII. General Materials, 1964-1968. This small series contains a few photos of club members and some assorted ephemera. Arranged by type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArising from a desire to improve the cultural and environmental aspects of life in the Blacksburg area, the Woman's Civic Betterment Club was founded in 1907. Led by its first president, Mrs. R. H. Hudnall, the organization became affiliated with the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs in 1912 and was renamed the Blacksburg Woman's Club in 1914. Throughout the next several decades, the club was involved in a number of local civic improvement projects, involving community beautification, public health, civil defense, charity, and cultural programs. The Blacksburg Garden Club was originally a committee within the Blacksburg Woman's Club before voting to form an independent organization in 1930. Another offshoot organization, the Blacksburg Junior Woman's Club, was created in 1935 and continues to be active today (2003). The club disbanded in 1970.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Arising from a desire to improve the cultural and environmental aspects of life in the Blacksburg area, the Woman's Civic Betterment Club was founded in 1907. Led by its first president, Mrs. R. H. Hudnall, the organization became affiliated with the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs in 1912 and was renamed the Blacksburg Woman's Club in 1914. Throughout the next several decades, the club was involved in a number of local civic improvement projects, involving community beautification, public health, civil defense, charity, and cultural programs. The Blacksburg Garden Club was originally a committee within the Blacksburg Woman's Club before voting to form an independent organization in 1930. Another offshoot organization, the Blacksburg Junior Woman's Club, was created in 1935 and continues to be active today (2003). The club disbanded in 1970."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Blacksburg Woman's Club Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Blacksburg Woman's Club Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Blacksburg Woman's Club Records, Ms1963-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Blacksburg Woman's Club Records, Ms1963-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Blacksburg Woman's Club Records commenced in November 2003 and was completed December 2003.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Blacksburg Woman's Club Records commenced in November 2003 and was completed December 2003."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Blacksburg Woman's Club. Materials include the club's correspondence; official minutes of both the general club and executive committee meetings; and financial records. The core of the collection is found in a large set of scrapbooks, ranging from the 1930s to 1970s, which document all facets of the club's activities. There are also printed materials of both the Blacksburg Woman's Club and the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Scattered throughout are materials relating to the Blacksburg Junior Woman's Club. A small set of photos and ephemera completes the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Blacksburg Woman's Club. Materials include the club's correspondence; official minutes of both the general club and executive committee meetings; and financial records. The core of the collection is found in a large set of scrapbooks, ranging from the 1930s to 1970s, which document all facets of the club's activities. There are also printed materials of both the Blacksburg Woman's Club and the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Scattered throughout are materials relating to the Blacksburg Junior Woman's Club. A small set of photos and ephemera completes the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_05cf8e2fd766d0244a2d32901728572d\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Blacksburg Woman's Club Records include club correspondence, minutes, financial records, scrapbooks, and printed material.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Blacksburg Woman's Club Records include club correspondence, minutes, financial records, scrapbooks, and printed material."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":75,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:44:34.154Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1225","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1225","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1225","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1225","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1225.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Blacksburg Woman's Club Records","title_ssm":["Blacksburg Woman's Club Records"],"title_tesim":["Blacksburg Woman's Club Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1907-1972"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1907-1972"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1907/1972"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blacksburg Woman's Club Records, 1907/1972"],"text":["Blacksburg Woman's Club Records, 1907/1972","Ms.1963.002","Blacksburg (Va.)","Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","The collection is arranged in the following series:","I. Correspondence, 1953-1970. This series contains a small set of correspondence, most of which is from the club's final few years and was apparently overlooked during the compilation of scrapbooks. Arranged chronologically.","II. Minutes, 1907-1970. In addition to the minutes of the general club meetings, this series also contains minutes of the executive committee meetings. Arranged by type, then chronologically.","III. Financial Records, 1914-1970. The club's financial records include the treasurers' books and reports, as well as documentation such as check stubs, deposit slips and receipts, most of which are from the few years immediately preceding the club's dissolution. Arranged by type, then chronologically.","IV. Scrapbooks, 1936-1968. By far the most extensive of the series, the scrapbooks comprise the core of the collection. Covering 30 years of the club's history, the scrapbooks contain a large variety of materials, including correspondence, memorabilia, minutes, calendars, rosters, newspaper clippings and other printed materials relating to both the Blacksburg Woman's Club and the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Arranged chronologically.","V. Club Activities, 1937-1970. This small series contains various histories of the club, together with materials (mostly printed matter) relating to various activities, specifically the 1952 \"Get Out the Vote\" campaign. Arranged by type, then chronologically.","VI. Printed Materials, 1917-1970. Included in the printed materials are the club's newsletters and yearbooks, as well as a history and a cookbook published by the club. The series also contains a few publications of the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs and a few newspaper clippings. Arranged by format, then chronologically, with local publications preceding those of the statewide organization.","VII. General Materials, 1964-1968. This small series contains a few photos of club members and some assorted ephemera. Arranged by type.","Arising from a desire to improve the cultural and environmental aspects of life in the Blacksburg area, the Woman's Civic Betterment Club was founded in 1907. Led by its first president, Mrs. R. H. Hudnall, the organization became affiliated with the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs in 1912 and was renamed the Blacksburg Woman's Club in 1914. Throughout the next several decades, the club was involved in a number of local civic improvement projects, involving community beautification, public health, civil defense, charity, and cultural programs. The Blacksburg Garden Club was originally a committee within the Blacksburg Woman's Club before voting to form an independent organization in 1930. Another offshoot organization, the Blacksburg Junior Woman's Club, was created in 1935 and continues to be active today (2003). The club disbanded in 1970.","The guide to the Blacksburg Woman's Club Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Blacksburg Woman's Club Records commenced in November 2003 and was completed December 2003.","This collection contains the records of the Blacksburg Woman's Club. Materials include the club's correspondence; official minutes of both the general club and executive committee meetings; and financial records. The core of the collection is found in a large set of scrapbooks, ranging from the 1930s to 1970s, which document all facets of the club's activities. There are also printed materials of both the Blacksburg Woman's Club and the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Scattered throughout are materials relating to the Blacksburg Junior Woman's Club. A small set of photos and ephemera completes the collection.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Blacksburg Woman's Club Records include club correspondence, minutes, financial records, scrapbooks, and printed material.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Blacksburg Woman's Club Records, 1907/1972"],"collection_ssim":["Blacksburg Woman's Club Records, 1907/1972"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1963.002"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1963.002"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Blacksburg Woman's Club deposited many of its records in Newman Library in 1962; those materials were donated to the library the following year. Upon dissolution of the club in 1970, the club donated the remainder of its records. Additional materials were donated by the club's last president in 1972, and a 1941/1942 scrapbook was donated in 1990."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Cubic Feet 8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["7 Cubic Feet 8 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available \u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1963-002\" target=\"new\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI. Correspondence, 1953-1970. This series contains a small set of correspondence, most of which is from the club's final few years and was apparently overlooked during the compilation of scrapbooks. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eII. Minutes, 1907-1970. In addition to the minutes of the general club meetings, this series also contains minutes of the executive committee meetings. Arranged by type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIII. Financial Records, 1914-1970. The club's financial records include the treasurers' books and reports, as well as documentation such as check stubs, deposit slips and receipts, most of which are from the few years immediately preceding the club's dissolution. Arranged by type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIV. Scrapbooks, 1936-1968. By far the most extensive of the series, the scrapbooks comprise the core of the collection. Covering 30 years of the club's history, the scrapbooks contain a large variety of materials, including correspondence, memorabilia, minutes, calendars, rosters, newspaper clippings and other printed materials relating to both the Blacksburg Woman's Club and the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eV. Club Activities, 1937-1970. This small series contains various histories of the club, together with materials (mostly printed matter) relating to various activities, specifically the 1952 \"Get Out the Vote\" campaign. Arranged by type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVI. Printed Materials, 1917-1970. Included in the printed materials are the club's newsletters and yearbooks, as well as a history and a cookbook published by the club. The series also contains a few publications of the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs and a few newspaper clippings. Arranged by format, then chronologically, with local publications preceding those of the statewide organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVII. General Materials, 1964-1968. This small series contains a few photos of club members and some assorted ephemera. Arranged by type.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in the following series:","I. Correspondence, 1953-1970. This series contains a small set of correspondence, most of which is from the club's final few years and was apparently overlooked during the compilation of scrapbooks. Arranged chronologically.","II. Minutes, 1907-1970. In addition to the minutes of the general club meetings, this series also contains minutes of the executive committee meetings. Arranged by type, then chronologically.","III. Financial Records, 1914-1970. The club's financial records include the treasurers' books and reports, as well as documentation such as check stubs, deposit slips and receipts, most of which are from the few years immediately preceding the club's dissolution. Arranged by type, then chronologically.","IV. Scrapbooks, 1936-1968. By far the most extensive of the series, the scrapbooks comprise the core of the collection. Covering 30 years of the club's history, the scrapbooks contain a large variety of materials, including correspondence, memorabilia, minutes, calendars, rosters, newspaper clippings and other printed materials relating to both the Blacksburg Woman's Club and the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Arranged chronologically.","V. Club Activities, 1937-1970. This small series contains various histories of the club, together with materials (mostly printed matter) relating to various activities, specifically the 1952 \"Get Out the Vote\" campaign. Arranged by type, then chronologically.","VI. Printed Materials, 1917-1970. Included in the printed materials are the club's newsletters and yearbooks, as well as a history and a cookbook published by the club. The series also contains a few publications of the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs and a few newspaper clippings. Arranged by format, then chronologically, with local publications preceding those of the statewide organization.","VII. General Materials, 1964-1968. This small series contains a few photos of club members and some assorted ephemera. Arranged by type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArising from a desire to improve the cultural and environmental aspects of life in the Blacksburg area, the Woman's Civic Betterment Club was founded in 1907. Led by its first president, Mrs. R. H. Hudnall, the organization became affiliated with the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs in 1912 and was renamed the Blacksburg Woman's Club in 1914. Throughout the next several decades, the club was involved in a number of local civic improvement projects, involving community beautification, public health, civil defense, charity, and cultural programs. The Blacksburg Garden Club was originally a committee within the Blacksburg Woman's Club before voting to form an independent organization in 1930. Another offshoot organization, the Blacksburg Junior Woman's Club, was created in 1935 and continues to be active today (2003). The club disbanded in 1970.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Arising from a desire to improve the cultural and environmental aspects of life in the Blacksburg area, the Woman's Civic Betterment Club was founded in 1907. Led by its first president, Mrs. R. H. Hudnall, the organization became affiliated with the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs in 1912 and was renamed the Blacksburg Woman's Club in 1914. Throughout the next several decades, the club was involved in a number of local civic improvement projects, involving community beautification, public health, civil defense, charity, and cultural programs. The Blacksburg Garden Club was originally a committee within the Blacksburg Woman's Club before voting to form an independent organization in 1930. Another offshoot organization, the Blacksburg Junior Woman's Club, was created in 1935 and continues to be active today (2003). The club disbanded in 1970."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Blacksburg Woman's Club Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Blacksburg Woman's Club Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Blacksburg Woman's Club Records, Ms1963-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Blacksburg Woman's Club Records, Ms1963-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Blacksburg Woman's Club Records commenced in November 2003 and was completed December 2003.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Blacksburg Woman's Club Records commenced in November 2003 and was completed December 2003."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Blacksburg Woman's Club. Materials include the club's correspondence; official minutes of both the general club and executive committee meetings; and financial records. The core of the collection is found in a large set of scrapbooks, ranging from the 1930s to 1970s, which document all facets of the club's activities. There are also printed materials of both the Blacksburg Woman's Club and the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Scattered throughout are materials relating to the Blacksburg Junior Woman's Club. A small set of photos and ephemera completes the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Blacksburg Woman's Club. Materials include the club's correspondence; official minutes of both the general club and executive committee meetings; and financial records. The core of the collection is found in a large set of scrapbooks, ranging from the 1930s to 1970s, which document all facets of the club's activities. There are also printed materials of both the Blacksburg Woman's Club and the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Scattered throughout are materials relating to the Blacksburg Junior Woman's Club. A small set of photos and ephemera completes the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_05cf8e2fd766d0244a2d32901728572d\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Blacksburg Woman's Club Records include club correspondence, minutes, financial records, scrapbooks, and printed material.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Blacksburg Woman's Club Records include club correspondence, minutes, financial records, scrapbooks, and printed material."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Blacksburg Woman's Club (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":75,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:44:34.154Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1225"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2010","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records, 1967/2000, bulk 1994/2000","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2010#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Blackwell, Jacquelyn Butler","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2010#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project was a multi-phase research and educational collaborative program of the Virginia Tech University Libraries and the Women's Center at Virginia Tech. The collection includes audiocassette tapes, DAT tapes, floppy disks, background and biographical information, and transcripts of interviews with some of the first Black female students and employees at Virginia Tech. The interviews focus on the entry experience of the individual into the Virginia Tech community and the interviewees' perceptions of the climate and attitudes within the university community, particularly as pertains to race and gender.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2010#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2010","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2010","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2010","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2010","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2010.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records","title_ssm":["Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records"],"title_tesim":["Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1967-2000","(bulk 1994-2000)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1967-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["(bulk 1994-2000)"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1967/2000, bulk 1994/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records, 1967/2000, bulk 1994/2000"],"text":["Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records, 1967/2000, bulk 1994/2000","Ms.1995.026","African Americans -- History","Faculty and staff","Students and alumni","University History","Women -- History","Oral histories (literary works)","The majority of the collection is open for research. Restrictions on access to specific items are noted at the item level in the inventory.","Transcripts from the December 7, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.","Transcripts from the December 12, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.","Transcripts from the December 21, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","The audio file is not available to the public.","Several of the interviews in this collection have been digitized and are available online with transcripts. Links to individual interviews are included at the item level in the inventory.","April 29, 1994, interview and transcript online","October 19, 1995, interview and transcript available online","October 19, 1995, interview and transcript available online","Interview and digitized transcript","Interview and transcript available online","Interview and transcript available online","Transcripts of this interview are available online.","Interview and transcript availabe online","Interview and transcript available online","The collection is arranged alphabetically by interviewee's surname, with project documentation at the beginning.","The Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project was a multi-phase research and educational collaborative program of the Virginia Tech University Libraries and the Women's Center at Virginia Tech. The project involved the identification of the first Black women students, staff, and faculty at Virginia Tech and the collection of their oral history narratives.","The guide to the Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","Equipment is required and available to listen to available audio recordings. Equipment is required to access computer disks, which may not be available.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the collection was completed in 2001. Additional materials were integrated and description updated in June 2023.","Researchers may also be interested in the Timelines of Black History at Virginia Tech, which includes references to many of the individuals included in this collection.","There are also interviews with additional individuals whose personal experiences at Virginia Tech helped shape the history of the university and of the New River Valley in the following oral history collections:","The Virginia Tech Black History Oral History Collection, Ms2003-011, has been digitized and is available online.","The Multicultural Diversity Oral History Project, Ms2002-001, has been digitized and is available online.","The VT Stories Oral History Collection, Ms2016-015, has been digitized and is available online.","The Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records include interviews focused on the entry experience of the individual into the Virginia Tech community and the interviewees' perceptions of the climate and attitudes within the university community, particularly as pertains to race and gender. The collection includes audiocassette tapes, DAT tapes, floppy disks, and transcripts of interviews with some of the first Black women students at Virginia Tech (Jacquelyn Butler Blackwell, Marguerite Harper Scott, and Linda Edmunds Turner); Marva Felder Davis, first Black homecoming queen; Cheryl Butler McDonald, first Black woman in the Corps of Cadets; and Elaine Dowe Carter, catalyst of the project and doctoral candidate at Virginia Tech. Interviews were conducted by Carter and  Tamara Kennelly, University Archivist.","Some materials include copies of items from interviewees' times at Virginia Tech, originally dating to the 1960s through 1980s.","Transcripts of interviews with students and with two staff members (Cora McDaniel Pack and Rhonda Miller Rogers) are also available in the collection.","This folder contains a variety of items relating to Marva Felder, such as copies of interview transcripts, pages from the Bugle yearbook, two 3.5\" floppy disks (\"Marva Felder Interview\" and \"Marva2.txt\"), and permission form.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Transcripts from the December 7, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.","The Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project was a multi-phase research and educational collaborative program of the Virginia Tech University Libraries and the Women's Center at Virginia Tech. The collection includes audiocassette tapes, DAT tapes, floppy disks, background and biographical information, and transcripts of interviews with some of the first Black female students and employees at Virginia Tech. The interviews focus on the entry experience of the individual into the Virginia Tech community and the interviewees' perceptions of the climate and attitudes within the university community, particularly as pertains to race and gender.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Blackwell, Jacquelyn Butler","Carter, Elaine D.","Davis, Marva Lajeune Felder Carter","Fulcher, Victoria","Gowens, Cynthia","Higgins, LaVerna (Fredi) Hairston","Holmes, Michele","Hoyle, Linda Paulette Adams","Kennelly, Tamara","King, Loretta","MacDonald, Cheryl Butler","Pack, Cora McDamel","Rogers, Rhonda Miller","Roy, Lucinda","Scott, Marguerite Harper","Turner, Linda Edmonds","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records, 1967/2000, bulk 1994/2000"],"collection_ssim":["Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records, 1967/2000, bulk 1994/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1995.026"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1995.026"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Blackwell, Jacquelyn Butler","Carter, Elaine D.","Carter, Elaine D.","Davis, Marva Lajeune Felder Carter","Fulcher, Victoria","Gowens, Cynthia","Higgins, LaVerna (Fredi) Hairston","Holmes, Michele","Hoyle, Linda Paulette Adams","Kennelly, Tamara","King, Loretta","MacDonald, Cheryl Butler","Pack, Cora McDamel","Rogers, Rhonda Miller","Roy, Lucinda","Scott, Marguerite Harper","Turner, Linda Edmonds"],"creator_ssim":["Blackwell, Jacquelyn Butler","Carter, Elaine D.","Carter, Elaine D.","Davis, Marva Lajeune Felder Carter","Fulcher, Victoria","Gowens, Cynthia","Higgins, LaVerna (Fredi) Hairston","Holmes, Michele","Hoyle, Linda Paulette Adams","Kennelly, Tamara","King, Loretta","MacDonald, Cheryl Butler","Pack, Cora McDamel","Rogers, Rhonda Miller","Roy, Lucinda","Scott, Marguerite Harper","Turner, Linda Edmonds"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Blackwell, Jacquelyn Butler","Carter, Elaine D.","Davis, Marva Lajeune Felder Carter","Fulcher, Victoria","Gowens, Cynthia","Higgins, LaVerna (Fredi) Hairston","Holmes, Michele","Hoyle, Linda Paulette Adams","Kennelly, Tamara","King, Loretta","MacDonald, Cheryl Butler","Pack, Cora McDamel","Rogers, Rhonda Miller","Roy, Lucinda","Scott, Marguerite Harper","Turner, Linda Edmonds"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"creators_ssim":["Blackwell, Jacquelyn Butler","Carter, Elaine D.","Davis, Marva Lajeune Felder Carter","Fulcher, Victoria","Gowens, Cynthia","Higgins, LaVerna (Fredi) Hairston","Holmes, Michele","Hoyle, Linda Paulette Adams","Kennelly, Tamara","King, Loretta","MacDonald, Cheryl Butler","Pack, Cora McDamel","Rogers, Rhonda Miller","Roy, Lucinda","Scott, Marguerite Harper","Turner, Linda Edmonds","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in several accruals beginning in 1995."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Faculty and staff","Students and alumni","University History","Women -- History","Oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Faculty and staff","Students and alumni","University History","Women -- History","Oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.8 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.8 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the collection is open for research. Restrictions on access to specific items are noted at the item level in the inventory.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts from the December 7, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts from the December 12, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts from the December 21, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe audio file is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of the collection is open for research. Restrictions on access to specific items are noted at the item level in the inventory.","Transcripts from the December 7, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.","Transcripts from the December 12, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.","Transcripts from the December 21, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","The audio file is not available to the public."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral of the interviews in this collection have been \u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026\"\u003edigitized and are available online\u003c/a\u003e with transcripts. Links to individual interviews are included at the item level in the inventory.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Blackwell_Jackie\"\u003eApril 29, 1994, interview and transcript online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Carter_Elaine\"\u003eOctober 19, 1995, interview and transcript available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Carter_Elaine\"\u003eOctober 19, 1995, interview and transcript available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Davis_Marva\"\u003eInterview and digitized transcript\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Higgins_LaVerne\"\u003eInterview and transcript available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Higgins_LaVerne\"\u003eInterview and transcript available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Hoyle_Linda\"\u003eTranscripts of this interview are available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_MacDonald_Cheryl\"\u003eInterview and transcript availabe online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Scott_Marguerite\"\u003eInterview and transcript available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies","Existence and Location of Copies","Existence and Location of Copies","Existence and Location of Copies","Existence and Location of Copies","Existence and Location of Copies","Alternate Form Available","Existence and Location of Copies","Existence and Location of Copies","Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Several of the interviews in this collection have been digitized and are available online with transcripts. Links to individual interviews are included at the item level in the inventory.","April 29, 1994, interview and transcript online","October 19, 1995, interview and transcript available online","October 19, 1995, interview and transcript available online","Interview and digitized transcript","Interview and transcript available online","Interview and transcript available online","Transcripts of this interview are available online.","Interview and transcript availabe online","Interview and transcript available online"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged alphabetically by interviewee's surname, with project documentation at the beginning.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged alphabetically by interviewee's surname, with project documentation at the beginning."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project was a multi-phase research and educational collaborative program of the Virginia Tech University Libraries and the Women's Center at Virginia Tech. The project involved the identification of the first Black women students, staff, and faculty at Virginia Tech and the collection of their oral history narratives.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project was a multi-phase research and educational collaborative program of the Virginia Tech University Libraries and the Women's Center at Virginia Tech. The project involved the identification of the first Black women students, staff, and faculty at Virginia Tech and the collection of their oral history narratives."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEquipment is required and available to listen to available audio recordings. Equipment is required to access computer disks, which may not be available.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Access"],"phystech_tesim":["Equipment is required and available to listen to available audio recordings. Equipment is required to access computer disks, which may not be available."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records, Ms1995-026, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records, Ms1995-026, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the collection was completed in 2001. Additional materials were integrated and description updated in June 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the collection was completed in 2001. Additional materials were integrated and description updated in June 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may also be interested in the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/exhibits/show/blackhistoryvt/timeline\"\u003eTimelines of Black History at Virginia Tech,\u003c/a\u003e which includes references to many of the individuals included in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also interviews with additional individuals whose personal experiences at Virginia Tech helped shape the history of the university and of the New River Valley in the following oral history collections:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2244.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eVirginia Tech Black History Oral History Collection, Ms2003-011,\u003c/a\u003e has been digitized and is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/190\"\u003eavailable online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Multicultural Diversity Oral History Project, Ms2002-001, has been digitized and is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/208\"\u003eavailable online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe VT Stories Oral History Collection, Ms2016-015, has been digitized and is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms2016-015\"\u003eavailable online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Researchers may also be interested in the Timelines of Black History at Virginia Tech, which includes references to many of the individuals included in this collection.","There are also interviews with additional individuals whose personal experiences at Virginia Tech helped shape the history of the university and of the New River Valley in the following oral history collections:","The Virginia Tech Black History Oral History Collection, Ms2003-011, has been digitized and is available online.","The Multicultural Diversity Oral History Project, Ms2002-001, has been digitized and is available online.","The VT Stories Oral History Collection, Ms2016-015, has been digitized and is available online."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records include interviews focused on the entry experience of the individual into the Virginia Tech community and the interviewees' perceptions of the climate and attitudes within the university community, particularly as pertains to race and gender. The collection includes audiocassette tapes, DAT tapes, floppy disks, and transcripts of interviews with some of the first Black women students at Virginia Tech (Jacquelyn Butler Blackwell, Marguerite Harper Scott, and Linda Edmunds Turner); Marva Felder Davis, first Black homecoming queen; Cheryl Butler McDonald, first Black woman in the Corps of Cadets; and Elaine Dowe Carter, catalyst of the project and doctoral candidate at Virginia Tech. Interviews were conducted by Carter and  Tamara Kennelly, University Archivist. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome materials include copies of items from interviewees' times at Virginia Tech, originally dating to the 1960s through 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts of interviews with students and with two staff members (Cora McDaniel Pack and Rhonda Miller Rogers) are also available in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a variety of items relating to Marva Felder, such as copies of interview transcripts, pages from the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBugle yearbook\u003c/title\u003e, two 3.5\" floppy disks (\"Marva Felder Interview\" and \"Marva2.txt\"), and permission form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records include interviews focused on the entry experience of the individual into the Virginia Tech community and the interviewees' perceptions of the climate and attitudes within the university community, particularly as pertains to race and gender. The collection includes audiocassette tapes, DAT tapes, floppy disks, and transcripts of interviews with some of the first Black women students at Virginia Tech (Jacquelyn Butler Blackwell, Marguerite Harper Scott, and Linda Edmunds Turner); Marva Felder Davis, first Black homecoming queen; Cheryl Butler McDonald, first Black woman in the Corps of Cadets; and Elaine Dowe Carter, catalyst of the project and doctoral candidate at Virginia Tech. Interviews were conducted by Carter and  Tamara Kennelly, University Archivist.","Some materials include copies of items from interviewees' times at Virginia Tech, originally dating to the 1960s through 1980s.","Transcripts of interviews with students and with two staff members (Cora McDaniel Pack and Rhonda Miller Rogers) are also available in the collection.","This folder contains a variety of items relating to Marva Felder, such as copies of interview transcripts, pages from the Bugle yearbook, two 3.5\" floppy disks (\"Marva Felder Interview\" and \"Marva2.txt\"), and permission form."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts from the December 7, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use","Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Transcripts from the December 7, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_913ce635effda5ab1d00586298ca7caa\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project was a multi-phase research and educational collaborative program of the Virginia Tech University Libraries and the Women's Center at Virginia Tech. The collection includes audiocassette tapes, DAT tapes, floppy disks, background and biographical information, and transcripts of interviews with some of the first Black female students and employees at Virginia Tech. The interviews focus on the entry experience of the individual into the Virginia Tech community and the interviewees' perceptions of the climate and attitudes within the university community, particularly as pertains to race and gender.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project was a multi-phase research and educational collaborative program of the Virginia Tech University Libraries and the Women's Center at Virginia Tech. The collection includes audiocassette tapes, DAT tapes, floppy disks, background and biographical information, and transcripts of interviews with some of the first Black female students and employees at Virginia Tech. The interviews focus on the entry experience of the individual into the Virginia Tech community and the interviewees' perceptions of the climate and attitudes within the university community, particularly as pertains to race and gender."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"persname_ssim":["Blackwell, Jacquelyn Butler","Carter, Elaine D.","Davis, Marva Lajeune Felder Carter","Fulcher, Victoria","Gowens, Cynthia","Higgins, LaVerna (Fredi) Hairston","Holmes, Michele","Hoyle, Linda Paulette Adams","Kennelly, Tamara","King, Loretta","MacDonald, Cheryl Butler","Pack, Cora McDamel","Rogers, Rhonda Miller","Roy, Lucinda","Scott, Marguerite Harper","Turner, Linda Edmonds"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Blackwell, Jacquelyn Butler","Carter, Elaine D.","Davis, Marva Lajeune Felder Carter","Fulcher, Victoria","Gowens, Cynthia","Higgins, LaVerna (Fredi) Hairston","Holmes, Michele","Hoyle, Linda Paulette Adams","Kennelly, Tamara","King, Loretta","MacDonald, Cheryl Butler","Pack, Cora McDamel","Rogers, Rhonda Miller","Roy, Lucinda","Scott, Marguerite Harper","Turner, Linda Edmonds"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":47,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:46:21.925Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2010","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2010","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2010","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2010","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2010.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records","title_ssm":["Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records"],"title_tesim":["Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1967-2000","(bulk 1994-2000)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1967-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["(bulk 1994-2000)"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1967/2000, bulk 1994/2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records, 1967/2000, bulk 1994/2000"],"text":["Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records, 1967/2000, bulk 1994/2000","Ms.1995.026","African Americans -- History","Faculty and staff","Students and alumni","University History","Women -- History","Oral histories (literary works)","The majority of the collection is open for research. Restrictions on access to specific items are noted at the item level in the inventory.","Transcripts from the December 7, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.","Transcripts from the December 12, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.","Transcripts from the December 21, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","The audio file is not available to the public.","Several of the interviews in this collection have been digitized and are available online with transcripts. Links to individual interviews are included at the item level in the inventory.","April 29, 1994, interview and transcript online","October 19, 1995, interview and transcript available online","October 19, 1995, interview and transcript available online","Interview and digitized transcript","Interview and transcript available online","Interview and transcript available online","Transcripts of this interview are available online.","Interview and transcript availabe online","Interview and transcript available online","The collection is arranged alphabetically by interviewee's surname, with project documentation at the beginning.","The Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project was a multi-phase research and educational collaborative program of the Virginia Tech University Libraries and the Women's Center at Virginia Tech. The project involved the identification of the first Black women students, staff, and faculty at Virginia Tech and the collection of their oral history narratives.","The guide to the Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","Equipment is required and available to listen to available audio recordings. Equipment is required to access computer disks, which may not be available.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the collection was completed in 2001. Additional materials were integrated and description updated in June 2023.","Researchers may also be interested in the Timelines of Black History at Virginia Tech, which includes references to many of the individuals included in this collection.","There are also interviews with additional individuals whose personal experiences at Virginia Tech helped shape the history of the university and of the New River Valley in the following oral history collections:","The Virginia Tech Black History Oral History Collection, Ms2003-011, has been digitized and is available online.","The Multicultural Diversity Oral History Project, Ms2002-001, has been digitized and is available online.","The VT Stories Oral History Collection, Ms2016-015, has been digitized and is available online.","The Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records include interviews focused on the entry experience of the individual into the Virginia Tech community and the interviewees' perceptions of the climate and attitudes within the university community, particularly as pertains to race and gender. The collection includes audiocassette tapes, DAT tapes, floppy disks, and transcripts of interviews with some of the first Black women students at Virginia Tech (Jacquelyn Butler Blackwell, Marguerite Harper Scott, and Linda Edmunds Turner); Marva Felder Davis, first Black homecoming queen; Cheryl Butler McDonald, first Black woman in the Corps of Cadets; and Elaine Dowe Carter, catalyst of the project and doctoral candidate at Virginia Tech. Interviews were conducted by Carter and  Tamara Kennelly, University Archivist.","Some materials include copies of items from interviewees' times at Virginia Tech, originally dating to the 1960s through 1980s.","Transcripts of interviews with students and with two staff members (Cora McDaniel Pack and Rhonda Miller Rogers) are also available in the collection.","This folder contains a variety of items relating to Marva Felder, such as copies of interview transcripts, pages from the Bugle yearbook, two 3.5\" floppy disks (\"Marva Felder Interview\" and \"Marva2.txt\"), and permission form.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Transcripts from the December 7, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.","The Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project was a multi-phase research and educational collaborative program of the Virginia Tech University Libraries and the Women's Center at Virginia Tech. The collection includes audiocassette tapes, DAT tapes, floppy disks, background and biographical information, and transcripts of interviews with some of the first Black female students and employees at Virginia Tech. The interviews focus on the entry experience of the individual into the Virginia Tech community and the interviewees' perceptions of the climate and attitudes within the university community, particularly as pertains to race and gender.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Blackwell, Jacquelyn Butler","Carter, Elaine D.","Davis, Marva Lajeune Felder Carter","Fulcher, Victoria","Gowens, Cynthia","Higgins, LaVerna (Fredi) Hairston","Holmes, Michele","Hoyle, Linda Paulette Adams","Kennelly, Tamara","King, Loretta","MacDonald, Cheryl Butler","Pack, Cora McDamel","Rogers, Rhonda Miller","Roy, Lucinda","Scott, Marguerite Harper","Turner, Linda Edmonds","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records, 1967/2000, bulk 1994/2000"],"collection_ssim":["Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records, 1967/2000, bulk 1994/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1995.026"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1995.026"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Blackwell, Jacquelyn Butler","Carter, Elaine D.","Carter, Elaine D.","Davis, Marva Lajeune Felder Carter","Fulcher, Victoria","Gowens, Cynthia","Higgins, LaVerna (Fredi) Hairston","Holmes, Michele","Hoyle, Linda Paulette Adams","Kennelly, Tamara","King, Loretta","MacDonald, Cheryl Butler","Pack, Cora McDamel","Rogers, Rhonda Miller","Roy, Lucinda","Scott, Marguerite Harper","Turner, Linda Edmonds"],"creator_ssim":["Blackwell, Jacquelyn Butler","Carter, Elaine D.","Carter, Elaine D.","Davis, Marva Lajeune Felder Carter","Fulcher, Victoria","Gowens, Cynthia","Higgins, LaVerna (Fredi) Hairston","Holmes, Michele","Hoyle, Linda Paulette Adams","Kennelly, Tamara","King, Loretta","MacDonald, Cheryl Butler","Pack, Cora McDamel","Rogers, Rhonda Miller","Roy, Lucinda","Scott, Marguerite Harper","Turner, Linda Edmonds"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Blackwell, Jacquelyn Butler","Carter, Elaine D.","Davis, Marva Lajeune Felder Carter","Fulcher, Victoria","Gowens, Cynthia","Higgins, LaVerna (Fredi) Hairston","Holmes, Michele","Hoyle, Linda Paulette Adams","Kennelly, Tamara","King, Loretta","MacDonald, Cheryl Butler","Pack, Cora McDamel","Rogers, Rhonda Miller","Roy, Lucinda","Scott, Marguerite Harper","Turner, Linda Edmonds"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"creators_ssim":["Blackwell, Jacquelyn Butler","Carter, Elaine D.","Davis, Marva Lajeune Felder Carter","Fulcher, Victoria","Gowens, Cynthia","Higgins, LaVerna (Fredi) Hairston","Holmes, Michele","Hoyle, Linda Paulette Adams","Kennelly, Tamara","King, Loretta","MacDonald, Cheryl Butler","Pack, Cora McDamel","Rogers, Rhonda Miller","Roy, Lucinda","Scott, Marguerite Harper","Turner, Linda Edmonds","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in several accruals beginning in 1995."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Faculty and staff","Students and alumni","University History","Women -- History","Oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Faculty and staff","Students and alumni","University History","Women -- History","Oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.8 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.8 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the collection is open for research. Restrictions on access to specific items are noted at the item level in the inventory.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts from the December 7, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts from the December 12, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts from the December 21, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe audio file is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of the collection is open for research. Restrictions on access to specific items are noted at the item level in the inventory.","Transcripts from the December 7, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.","Transcripts from the December 12, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.","Transcripts from the December 21, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","This interview is not available to the public.","The audio file is not available to the public."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral of the interviews in this collection have been \u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026\"\u003edigitized and are available online\u003c/a\u003e with transcripts. Links to individual interviews are included at the item level in the inventory.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Blackwell_Jackie\"\u003eApril 29, 1994, interview and transcript online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Carter_Elaine\"\u003eOctober 19, 1995, interview and transcript available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Carter_Elaine\"\u003eOctober 19, 1995, interview and transcript available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Davis_Marva\"\u003eInterview and digitized transcript\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Higgins_LaVerne\"\u003eInterview and transcript available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Higgins_LaVerne\"\u003eInterview and transcript available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Hoyle_Linda\"\u003eTranscripts of this interview are available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_MacDonald_Cheryl\"\u003eInterview and transcript availabe online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1995-026/Ms1995_026_Scott_Marguerite\"\u003eInterview and transcript available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies","Existence and Location of Copies","Existence and Location of Copies","Existence and Location of Copies","Existence and Location of Copies","Existence and Location of Copies","Alternate Form Available","Existence and Location of Copies","Existence and Location of Copies","Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Several of the interviews in this collection have been digitized and are available online with transcripts. Links to individual interviews are included at the item level in the inventory.","April 29, 1994, interview and transcript online","October 19, 1995, interview and transcript available online","October 19, 1995, interview and transcript available online","Interview and digitized transcript","Interview and transcript available online","Interview and transcript available online","Transcripts of this interview are available online.","Interview and transcript availabe online","Interview and transcript available online"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged alphabetically by interviewee's surname, with project documentation at the beginning.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged alphabetically by interviewee's surname, with project documentation at the beginning."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project was a multi-phase research and educational collaborative program of the Virginia Tech University Libraries and the Women's Center at Virginia Tech. The project involved the identification of the first Black women students, staff, and faculty at Virginia Tech and the collection of their oral history narratives.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project was a multi-phase research and educational collaborative program of the Virginia Tech University Libraries and the Women's Center at Virginia Tech. The project involved the identification of the first Black women students, staff, and faculty at Virginia Tech and the collection of their oral history narratives."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEquipment is required and available to listen to available audio recordings. Equipment is required to access computer disks, which may not be available.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Access"],"phystech_tesim":["Equipment is required and available to listen to available audio recordings. Equipment is required to access computer disks, which may not be available."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records, Ms1995-026, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records, Ms1995-026, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the collection was completed in 2001. Additional materials were integrated and description updated in June 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the collection was completed in 2001. Additional materials were integrated and description updated in June 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may also be interested in the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/exhibits/show/blackhistoryvt/timeline\"\u003eTimelines of Black History at Virginia Tech,\u003c/a\u003e which includes references to many of the individuals included in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also interviews with additional individuals whose personal experiences at Virginia Tech helped shape the history of the university and of the New River Valley in the following oral history collections:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2244.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eVirginia Tech Black History Oral History Collection, Ms2003-011,\u003c/a\u003e has been digitized and is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/190\"\u003eavailable online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Multicultural Diversity Oral History Project, Ms2002-001, has been digitized and is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/208\"\u003eavailable online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe VT Stories Oral History Collection, Ms2016-015, has been digitized and is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms2016-015\"\u003eavailable online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Researchers may also be interested in the Timelines of Black History at Virginia Tech, which includes references to many of the individuals included in this collection.","There are also interviews with additional individuals whose personal experiences at Virginia Tech helped shape the history of the university and of the New River Valley in the following oral history collections:","The Virginia Tech Black History Oral History Collection, Ms2003-011, has been digitized and is available online.","The Multicultural Diversity Oral History Project, Ms2002-001, has been digitized and is available online.","The VT Stories Oral History Collection, Ms2016-015, has been digitized and is available online."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records include interviews focused on the entry experience of the individual into the Virginia Tech community and the interviewees' perceptions of the climate and attitudes within the university community, particularly as pertains to race and gender. The collection includes audiocassette tapes, DAT tapes, floppy disks, and transcripts of interviews with some of the first Black women students at Virginia Tech (Jacquelyn Butler Blackwell, Marguerite Harper Scott, and Linda Edmunds Turner); Marva Felder Davis, first Black homecoming queen; Cheryl Butler McDonald, first Black woman in the Corps of Cadets; and Elaine Dowe Carter, catalyst of the project and doctoral candidate at Virginia Tech. Interviews were conducted by Carter and  Tamara Kennelly, University Archivist. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome materials include copies of items from interviewees' times at Virginia Tech, originally dating to the 1960s through 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts of interviews with students and with two staff members (Cora McDaniel Pack and Rhonda Miller Rogers) are also available in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a variety of items relating to Marva Felder, such as copies of interview transcripts, pages from the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBugle yearbook\u003c/title\u003e, two 3.5\" floppy disks (\"Marva Felder Interview\" and \"Marva2.txt\"), and permission form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project Records include interviews focused on the entry experience of the individual into the Virginia Tech community and the interviewees' perceptions of the climate and attitudes within the university community, particularly as pertains to race and gender. The collection includes audiocassette tapes, DAT tapes, floppy disks, and transcripts of interviews with some of the first Black women students at Virginia Tech (Jacquelyn Butler Blackwell, Marguerite Harper Scott, and Linda Edmunds Turner); Marva Felder Davis, first Black homecoming queen; Cheryl Butler McDonald, first Black woman in the Corps of Cadets; and Elaine Dowe Carter, catalyst of the project and doctoral candidate at Virginia Tech. Interviews were conducted by Carter and  Tamara Kennelly, University Archivist.","Some materials include copies of items from interviewees' times at Virginia Tech, originally dating to the 1960s through 1980s.","Transcripts of interviews with students and with two staff members (Cora McDaniel Pack and Rhonda Miller Rogers) are also available in the collection.","This folder contains a variety of items relating to Marva Felder, such as copies of interview transcripts, pages from the Bugle yearbook, two 3.5\" floppy disks (\"Marva Felder Interview\" and \"Marva2.txt\"), and permission form."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts from the December 7, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use","Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Transcripts from the December 7, 1995 interview may only be accessed through the Special Collections and University Archives reading room. These transcripts may not be copied, nor can SCUA provide copies to researchers through the mail or email (digital files are not available). The audio file for this interview is not available to the public."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_913ce635effda5ab1d00586298ca7caa\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project was a multi-phase research and educational collaborative program of the Virginia Tech University Libraries and the Women's Center at Virginia Tech. The collection includes audiocassette tapes, DAT tapes, floppy disks, background and biographical information, and transcripts of interviews with some of the first Black female students and employees at Virginia Tech. The interviews focus on the entry experience of the individual into the Virginia Tech community and the interviewees' perceptions of the climate and attitudes within the university community, particularly as pertains to race and gender.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Black Women at Virginia Tech Oral History Project was a multi-phase research and educational collaborative program of the Virginia Tech University Libraries and the Women's Center at Virginia Tech. The collection includes audiocassette tapes, DAT tapes, floppy disks, background and biographical information, and transcripts of interviews with some of the first Black female students and employees at Virginia Tech. The interviews focus on the entry experience of the individual into the Virginia Tech community and the interviewees' perceptions of the climate and attitudes within the university community, particularly as pertains to race and gender."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"persname_ssim":["Blackwell, Jacquelyn Butler","Carter, Elaine D.","Davis, Marva Lajeune Felder Carter","Fulcher, Victoria","Gowens, Cynthia","Higgins, LaVerna (Fredi) Hairston","Holmes, Michele","Hoyle, Linda Paulette Adams","Kennelly, Tamara","King, Loretta","MacDonald, Cheryl Butler","Pack, Cora McDamel","Rogers, Rhonda Miller","Roy, Lucinda","Scott, Marguerite Harper","Turner, Linda Edmonds"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Blackwell, Jacquelyn Butler","Carter, Elaine D.","Davis, Marva Lajeune Felder Carter","Fulcher, Victoria","Gowens, Cynthia","Higgins, LaVerna (Fredi) Hairston","Holmes, Michele","Hoyle, Linda Paulette Adams","Kennelly, Tamara","King, Loretta","MacDonald, Cheryl Butler","Pack, Cora McDamel","Rogers, Rhonda Miller","Roy, Lucinda","Scott, Marguerite Harper","Turner, Linda Edmonds"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":47,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:46:21.925Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2010"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1626","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection, 1956/2013","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1626#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, 1923-2022","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1626#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Blanche Lemco van Ginkel is a retired architect and Professor Emerita at the University of Toronto. The collection consists biographical information about van Ginkel and her career, some of her publications, professional project information, articles and research materials about the history of women in architecture in Canada.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1626#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1626","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1626","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1626","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1626","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1626.xml","title_filing_ssi":"van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1956-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956-2013"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956/2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection, 1956/2013"],"text":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection, 1956/2013","Ms.1988.122","Architects","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women architects -- Canada","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type in the following order: biographical information and articles by and about van Ginkel, professional project work, and materials about Canadian women architects.","Blanche Lemco van Ginkel was born in 1923. She graduated from McGill University in Canada with a Bachelor of Architecture in 1945 and from Harvard University with a Masters in City Planning in 1950.","She is a retired partner of the architectural firm of Van Ginkel Associates, Architects and Town Planners in Toronto, begun in 1957, as well as a Professor Emerita at the University of Toronto. In 1948 she worked with Le Corbusier in Paris before coming to the University of Pennsylvania in 1951-1957. Her work at Van Ginkel Associates includes designs for historic Bowring Park in St. John's, Newfoundland, the Port of Montreal, working as a consultant in Expo'67 Montreal as well as various residential and town planning projects in Canada and abroad.","Van Ginkel is a Fellow in the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (FRAIC), a member of Ontario Association of Architects, a member of the Canadian Institute of Planners, an associate of the Royal institute of British Architects, a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, and an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (Hon. FAIA). She was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University in Aix-Marseille in 2005. She is also a founding member and has served as an advisor to the International Archives of Women in Architecture (IAWA).","Van Ginkel died in 2022.","The guide to the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The collection was originally processed in 1995 and was reprocessed in April 1998. The processing, arrangement and description of the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Papers to accommodate more recent additions took place in August 2005 and June 2006. An addition was integrated in 2010.","More information about Blanche Lemco van Ginkel's architectural career is held in the collections of the archives at the Collection Centre Canadien d'Architecture-Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal (CCA). It holds the administrative and project records of the firm Van Ginkel Associates, 1955-1980, AP027 and documents of van Ginkel's professional career.","The University of Toronto also has the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel fonds, UTA 1924","The collection consists of biographical materials about Blanche Lemco van Ginkel and material she has written, her professional projects, and collected research about women in architecture. Personal information includes curriculum vitae, newspaper and magazine articles about her, some of her publications about architectural planning and women architects, and selected letters and speaking notes she made during the course of her career. These include speeches to professional organizations in which she is involved and her letter protesting the unequal pensions paid to female professors by the University of Toronto. Professional project information includes project bulletins from her firm. There is also a collection of research notes, papers, and exhibition notices about the history of women in architecture in Canada, some of which were compiled and written by Mary Clark.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Blanche Lemco van Ginkel is a retired architect and Professor Emerita at the University of Toronto. The collection consists biographical information about van Ginkel and her career, some of her publications, professional project information, articles and research materials about the history of women in architecture in Canada.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, 1923-2022","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection, 1956/2013"],"collection_ssim":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection, 1956/2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1988.122"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1988.122"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, 1923-2022"],"creator_ssim":["Van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, 1923-2022"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, 1923-2022"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, 1923-2022","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection was donated to the Special Collections by their creator in 1988 with additions in 1994, 1997, 2002, 2006, and 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architects","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women architects -- Canada","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architects","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women architects -- Canada","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type in the following order: biographical information and articles by and about van Ginkel, professional project work, and materials about Canadian women architects.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type in the following order: biographical information and articles by and about van Ginkel, professional project work, and materials about Canadian women architects."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBlanche Lemco van Ginkel was born in 1923. She graduated from McGill University in Canada with a Bachelor of Architecture in 1945 and from Harvard University with a Masters in City Planning in 1950. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe is a retired partner of the architectural firm of Van Ginkel Associates, Architects and Town Planners in Toronto, begun in 1957, as well as a Professor Emerita at the University of Toronto. In 1948 she worked with Le Corbusier in Paris before coming to the University of Pennsylvania in 1951-1957. Her work at Van Ginkel Associates includes designs for historic Bowring Park in St. John's, Newfoundland, the Port of Montreal, working as a consultant in Expo'67 Montreal as well as various residential and town planning projects in Canada and abroad. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVan Ginkel is a Fellow in the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (FRAIC), a member of Ontario Association of Architects, a member of the Canadian Institute of Planners, an associate of the Royal institute of British Architects, a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, and an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (Hon. FAIA). She was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University in Aix-Marseille in 2005. She is also a founding member and has served as an advisor to the International Archives of Women in Architecture (IAWA). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVan Ginkel died in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel was born in 1923. She graduated from McGill University in Canada with a Bachelor of Architecture in 1945 and from Harvard University with a Masters in City Planning in 1950.","She is a retired partner of the architectural firm of Van Ginkel Associates, Architects and Town Planners in Toronto, begun in 1957, as well as a Professor Emerita at the University of Toronto. In 1948 she worked with Le Corbusier in Paris before coming to the University of Pennsylvania in 1951-1957. Her work at Van Ginkel Associates includes designs for historic Bowring Park in St. John's, Newfoundland, the Port of Montreal, working as a consultant in Expo'67 Montreal as well as various residential and town planning projects in Canada and abroad.","Van Ginkel is a Fellow in the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (FRAIC), a member of Ontario Association of Architects, a member of the Canadian Institute of Planners, an associate of the Royal institute of British Architects, a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, and an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (Hon. FAIA). She was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University in Aix-Marseille in 2005. She is also a founding member and has served as an advisor to the International Archives of Women in Architecture (IAWA).","Van Ginkel died in 2022."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection, 1956-2013, Ms1988-122, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection, 1956-2013, Ms1988-122, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was originally processed in 1995 and was reprocessed in April 1998. The processing, arrangement and description of the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Papers to accommodate more recent additions took place in August 2005 and June 2006. An addition was integrated in 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was originally processed in 1995 and was reprocessed in April 1998. The processing, arrangement and description of the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Papers to accommodate more recent additions took place in August 2005 and June 2006. An addition was integrated in 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMore information about Blanche Lemco van Ginkel's architectural career is held in the collections of the archives at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cca.qc.ca/en\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Collection Centre Canadien d'Architecture-Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal\"\u003eCollection Centre Canadien d'Architecture-Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal\u003c/a\u003e (CCA). It holds the administrative and project records of the firm \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/archives/379536/van-ginkel-associates-fonds\"\u003eVan Ginkel Associates, 1955-1980, AP027\u003c/a\u003e and documents of \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/archives/193526/blanche-lemco-van-ginkel-fonds\"\u003evan Ginkel's professional career.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe University of Toronto also has the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://discoverarchives.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/blanche-lemco-van-ginkel-fonds\"\u003eBlanche Lemco van Ginkel fonds, UTA 1924\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["More information about Blanche Lemco van Ginkel's architectural career is held in the collections of the archives at the Collection Centre Canadien d'Architecture-Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal (CCA). It holds the administrative and project records of the firm Van Ginkel Associates, 1955-1980, AP027 and documents of van Ginkel's professional career.","The University of Toronto also has the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel fonds, UTA 1924"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of biographical materials about Blanche Lemco van Ginkel and material she has written, her professional projects, and collected research about women in architecture. Personal information includes curriculum vitae, newspaper and magazine articles about her, some of her publications about architectural planning and women architects, and selected letters and speaking notes she made during the course of her career. These include speeches to professional organizations in which she is involved and her letter protesting the unequal pensions paid to female professors by the University of Toronto. Professional project information includes project bulletins from her firm. There is also a collection of research notes, papers, and exhibition notices about the history of women in architecture in Canada, some of which were compiled and written by Mary Clark.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of biographical materials about Blanche Lemco van Ginkel and material she has written, her professional projects, and collected research about women in architecture. Personal information includes curriculum vitae, newspaper and magazine articles about her, some of her publications about architectural planning and women architects, and selected letters and speaking notes she made during the course of her career. These include speeches to professional organizations in which she is involved and her letter protesting the unequal pensions paid to female professors by the University of Toronto. Professional project information includes project bulletins from her firm. There is also a collection of research notes, papers, and exhibition notices about the history of women in architecture in Canada, some of which were compiled and written by Mary Clark."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_12587b5c82159076eec00a1161af91e1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eBlanche Lemco van Ginkel is a retired architect and Professor Emerita at the University of Toronto. The collection consists biographical information about van Ginkel and her career, some of her publications, professional project information, articles and research materials about the history of women in architecture in Canada.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel is a retired architect and Professor Emerita at the University of Toronto. The collection consists biographical information about van Ginkel and her career, some of her publications, professional project information, articles and research materials about the history of women in architecture in Canada."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, 1923-2022"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, 1923-2022"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:45:40.112Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1626","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1626","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1626","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1626","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1626.xml","title_filing_ssi":"van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, Architectural Collection","title_ssm":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection"],"title_tesim":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1956-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956-2013"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956/2013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection, 1956/2013"],"text":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection, 1956/2013","Ms.1988.122","Architects","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women architects -- Canada","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type in the following order: biographical information and articles by and about van Ginkel, professional project work, and materials about Canadian women architects.","Blanche Lemco van Ginkel was born in 1923. She graduated from McGill University in Canada with a Bachelor of Architecture in 1945 and from Harvard University with a Masters in City Planning in 1950.","She is a retired partner of the architectural firm of Van Ginkel Associates, Architects and Town Planners in Toronto, begun in 1957, as well as a Professor Emerita at the University of Toronto. In 1948 she worked with Le Corbusier in Paris before coming to the University of Pennsylvania in 1951-1957. Her work at Van Ginkel Associates includes designs for historic Bowring Park in St. John's, Newfoundland, the Port of Montreal, working as a consultant in Expo'67 Montreal as well as various residential and town planning projects in Canada and abroad.","Van Ginkel is a Fellow in the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (FRAIC), a member of Ontario Association of Architects, a member of the Canadian Institute of Planners, an associate of the Royal institute of British Architects, a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, and an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (Hon. FAIA). She was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University in Aix-Marseille in 2005. She is also a founding member and has served as an advisor to the International Archives of Women in Architecture (IAWA).","Van Ginkel died in 2022.","The guide to the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The collection was originally processed in 1995 and was reprocessed in April 1998. The processing, arrangement and description of the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Papers to accommodate more recent additions took place in August 2005 and June 2006. An addition was integrated in 2010.","More information about Blanche Lemco van Ginkel's architectural career is held in the collections of the archives at the Collection Centre Canadien d'Architecture-Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal (CCA). It holds the administrative and project records of the firm Van Ginkel Associates, 1955-1980, AP027 and documents of van Ginkel's professional career.","The University of Toronto also has the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel fonds, UTA 1924","The collection consists of biographical materials about Blanche Lemco van Ginkel and material she has written, her professional projects, and collected research about women in architecture. Personal information includes curriculum vitae, newspaper and magazine articles about her, some of her publications about architectural planning and women architects, and selected letters and speaking notes she made during the course of her career. These include speeches to professional organizations in which she is involved and her letter protesting the unequal pensions paid to female professors by the University of Toronto. Professional project information includes project bulletins from her firm. There is also a collection of research notes, papers, and exhibition notices about the history of women in architecture in Canada, some of which were compiled and written by Mary Clark.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Blanche Lemco van Ginkel is a retired architect and Professor Emerita at the University of Toronto. The collection consists biographical information about van Ginkel and her career, some of her publications, professional project information, articles and research materials about the history of women in architecture in Canada.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, 1923-2022","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection, 1956/2013"],"collection_ssim":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection, 1956/2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1988.122"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1988.122"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, 1923-2022"],"creator_ssim":["Van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, 1923-2022"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, 1923-2022"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, 1923-2022","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection was donated to the Special Collections by their creator in 1988 with additions in 1994, 1997, 2002, 2006, and 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architects","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women architects -- Canada","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architects","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Women architects -- Canada","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type in the following order: biographical information and articles by and about van Ginkel, professional project work, and materials about Canadian women architects.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type in the following order: biographical information and articles by and about van Ginkel, professional project work, and materials about Canadian women architects."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBlanche Lemco van Ginkel was born in 1923. She graduated from McGill University in Canada with a Bachelor of Architecture in 1945 and from Harvard University with a Masters in City Planning in 1950. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe is a retired partner of the architectural firm of Van Ginkel Associates, Architects and Town Planners in Toronto, begun in 1957, as well as a Professor Emerita at the University of Toronto. In 1948 she worked with Le Corbusier in Paris before coming to the University of Pennsylvania in 1951-1957. Her work at Van Ginkel Associates includes designs for historic Bowring Park in St. John's, Newfoundland, the Port of Montreal, working as a consultant in Expo'67 Montreal as well as various residential and town planning projects in Canada and abroad. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVan Ginkel is a Fellow in the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (FRAIC), a member of Ontario Association of Architects, a member of the Canadian Institute of Planners, an associate of the Royal institute of British Architects, a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, and an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (Hon. FAIA). She was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University in Aix-Marseille in 2005. She is also a founding member and has served as an advisor to the International Archives of Women in Architecture (IAWA). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVan Ginkel died in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel was born in 1923. She graduated from McGill University in Canada with a Bachelor of Architecture in 1945 and from Harvard University with a Masters in City Planning in 1950.","She is a retired partner of the architectural firm of Van Ginkel Associates, Architects and Town Planners in Toronto, begun in 1957, as well as a Professor Emerita at the University of Toronto. In 1948 she worked with Le Corbusier in Paris before coming to the University of Pennsylvania in 1951-1957. Her work at Van Ginkel Associates includes designs for historic Bowring Park in St. John's, Newfoundland, the Port of Montreal, working as a consultant in Expo'67 Montreal as well as various residential and town planning projects in Canada and abroad.","Van Ginkel is a Fellow in the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (FRAIC), a member of Ontario Association of Architects, a member of the Canadian Institute of Planners, an associate of the Royal institute of British Architects, a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, and an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (Hon. FAIA). She was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University in Aix-Marseille in 2005. She is also a founding member and has served as an advisor to the International Archives of Women in Architecture (IAWA).","Van Ginkel died in 2022."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection, 1956-2013, Ms1988-122, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Architectural Collection, 1956-2013, Ms1988-122, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was originally processed in 1995 and was reprocessed in April 1998. The processing, arrangement and description of the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Papers to accommodate more recent additions took place in August 2005 and June 2006. An addition was integrated in 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was originally processed in 1995 and was reprocessed in April 1998. The processing, arrangement and description of the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel Papers to accommodate more recent additions took place in August 2005 and June 2006. An addition was integrated in 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMore information about Blanche Lemco van Ginkel's architectural career is held in the collections of the archives at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cca.qc.ca/en\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Collection Centre Canadien d'Architecture-Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal\"\u003eCollection Centre Canadien d'Architecture-Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal\u003c/a\u003e (CCA). It holds the administrative and project records of the firm \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/archives/379536/van-ginkel-associates-fonds\"\u003eVan Ginkel Associates, 1955-1980, AP027\u003c/a\u003e and documents of \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/archives/193526/blanche-lemco-van-ginkel-fonds\"\u003evan Ginkel's professional career.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe University of Toronto also has the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://discoverarchives.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/blanche-lemco-van-ginkel-fonds\"\u003eBlanche Lemco van Ginkel fonds, UTA 1924\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["More information about Blanche Lemco van Ginkel's architectural career is held in the collections of the archives at the Collection Centre Canadien d'Architecture-Canadian Centre for Architecture, Montreal (CCA). It holds the administrative and project records of the firm Van Ginkel Associates, 1955-1980, AP027 and documents of van Ginkel's professional career.","The University of Toronto also has the Blanche Lemco van Ginkel fonds, UTA 1924"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of biographical materials about Blanche Lemco van Ginkel and material she has written, her professional projects, and collected research about women in architecture. Personal information includes curriculum vitae, newspaper and magazine articles about her, some of her publications about architectural planning and women architects, and selected letters and speaking notes she made during the course of her career. These include speeches to professional organizations in which she is involved and her letter protesting the unequal pensions paid to female professors by the University of Toronto. Professional project information includes project bulletins from her firm. There is also a collection of research notes, papers, and exhibition notices about the history of women in architecture in Canada, some of which were compiled and written by Mary Clark.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of biographical materials about Blanche Lemco van Ginkel and material she has written, her professional projects, and collected research about women in architecture. Personal information includes curriculum vitae, newspaper and magazine articles about her, some of her publications about architectural planning and women architects, and selected letters and speaking notes she made during the course of her career. These include speeches to professional organizations in which she is involved and her letter protesting the unequal pensions paid to female professors by the University of Toronto. Professional project information includes project bulletins from her firm. There is also a collection of research notes, papers, and exhibition notices about the history of women in architecture in Canada, some of which were compiled and written by Mary Clark."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_12587b5c82159076eec00a1161af91e1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eBlanche Lemco van Ginkel is a retired architect and Professor Emerita at the University of Toronto. The collection consists biographical information about van Ginkel and her career, some of her publications, professional project information, articles and research materials about the history of women in architecture in Canada.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Blanche Lemco van Ginkel is a retired architect and Professor Emerita at the University of Toronto. The collection consists biographical information about van Ginkel and her career, some of her publications, professional project information, articles and research materials about the history of women in architecture in Canada."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, 1923-2022"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Van Ginkel, Blanche Lemco, 1923-2022"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:45:40.112Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1626"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1408","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Books That Made the Difference Project Collection, 1980/1986","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1408#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Sabine, Gordon","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1408#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Books That Made the Difference Project Collection consists of subject files, clippings, correspondence, manuscript drafts, and audio-visual materials. The project was conceived in l980 by Ann Heidbreder Eastman, formerly of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and executed by Gordon A. Sabine, formerly a professor at this university, and his wife Patricia, who interviewed people across the country, asking what book made the greatest difference in their lives, and what was that difference. The responses were collected for a book, \u003cem\u003eBooks That Made the Difference: What People Told Us\u003c/em\u003e, published by Shoe String Press in 1983. The theme of \"Books Make a Difference\" has been, and still is, used by public libraries for public relations campaigns. Noteworthy aspects of the collection include the 1983 book and the 1985 abridged version published by the Book-of-the-Month Club, and the original cassette tapes used by the Sabines to record the interviews.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1408#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1408","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1408","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1408","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1408","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1408.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Books That Made the Difference Project Collection","title_ssm":["Books That Made the Difference Project Collection"],"title_tesim":["Books That Made the Difference Project Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1980-1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1980-1986"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1980/1986"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Books That Made the Difference Project Collection, 1980/1986"],"text":["Books That Made the Difference Project Collection, 1980/1986","Ms.1985.003","Faculty and staff","University History","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by type of material.","In a project jointly sponsored by the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress and the College of Arts and Sciences of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or Virginia Tech, the Books That Made the Difference (BTMTD) Project sought to discover how important a role books played in shaping people's lives. The project was planned, administered, and promoted by Ann Heidbreder Eastman, Director of Public Affairs Programs, College of Arts and Sciences, at Virginia Tech, and executed by Gordon Sabine, a professor of journalism at Virginia Tech, and his wife Patricia, an assistant professor at Ohio State University. The Sabines traveled across the country from July 1980 to March 1981, interviewed approximately 1,400 Americans, and asked them two questions: What book made the greatest difference in your life, and what was that difference? They interviewed a panoply of people, from celebrities and authors to farmers and laborers, who named books from the Bible to Raggedy Ann. The answers were collected for a book published in 1983 by Shoe String Press, Books That Made the Difference: What People Told Us. In addition, the Books Make a Difference (BMAD) idea was promoted nationally with, for example, Gordon Sabine's interview on National Public Radio's \"All Things Considered\" in which listeners were asked to write NPR about significant books in their lives, and as the theme of national library ceremonies, such as the American Book Awards. The concept was also used on a local scale, from promotional ideas for libraries given in the back of the book. In 1985 the Book-of-the-Month Club published an abridged version of the book.","The guide to the Books That Made the Difference Project Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Books That Made the Difference Project Collection commenced and was completed in 1986. Additional description was completed in 2010.","The collection consists of Administration and Promotion subject files, Center for the Book material, magazine and newspaper clippings, correspondence, manuscript drafts, Book-of-the-Month Club material, and audio-visual material.","The Administration and Promotion subject files are arranged in rough chronological order. The Public Relations survey involved a form sent to public librarians asking about effective ways to promote read ing. The Spokane Public Library material includes ideas to promote adult literacy and information on their efforts to boost reading through the use of television. The Dana Library Public Relations Awards contest and the Library Awareness Idea Search were entered by Eastman with the BMAD concept. The BTMTD Kit, which is included with this material, never proved successful. Poster Sessions refers to the use of a BMAD exhibit at the 1982 American Library Association meeting. PM Magazine material includes information on the possibility of a BTMTD spot on the show. Susan Neuman material relates to this professor's research at Eastern Connecticut State University of children's reading habits and Neuman's inquiries to Eastman for duplicates of the recorded interviews. The Sabines' Houston presentation was made at Westfield High School in the Spring Independent School District, October 2-3, l984. The Sabines' conclusions focus on their summation about the difference books make to different people. Reader's Digest material consists of mostly manu script fragments of the book organized by Gordon Sabine for an article that was submitted to but never published by Reader's Digest. Miscellaneous administrative information consists mostly of memos, ALA and agent's information, notes, clippings, etc.","The Center for the Book material includes meeting reports of, and publicity for, the BTMTD project.","The clippings are primarily about the BTMTD project, with a few scattered throughout on other related topics.","The correspondence consists of copies of the initial letters Eastman sent to State Librarians about the project, requests for information and materials from librarians, letters of inquiry about the project to the Center for the Book, and Walter Matthau's 1980 letter to the Sabines about his most meaningful book. Also included in the correspondence are the letters written to NPR in response to their request for listeners' to write in what book made the difference in their lives.","The book manuscripts include a card file of notes for the book, as well as drafts and cut- up fragments of the book. Book copy refers to a xerox copy of the finished book. A first edition copy of the book, Books That Made the Difference: What People Told Us is also included in the manuscripts section.","The Book-of-the-Month Club material includes a copy of its 1985 version of the book (pages 1-128 of the original Shoe String Press edition), as well as miscellaneous project material pertaining to the Book- of-the-Month Club.","The Audio-Visual material includes photographs, contact sheets, and negatives of interviewees in the project. One photograph is of Gordon Sabine at a teletype machine for deaf library users at the Free Library of Philadelphia and another is of him interviewing a woman on the beach at Sanibel. The order of the contact sheets and negatives follows the Sabines' trail around the country. See Container List for complete listing. Of the four 8-track tapes, one is of Susan Stamberg's NPR interview with Gordon Sabine, the second of an interview with Robert Cromie of Chicago, Illinois, the third is entitled \"Eastman MS w/excerpts from BTMTD speech\", and the last is of \"various interviews.\" The slides are of interviewees. The videotapes include two U-matic cassettes, one labeled \"Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Sabine, BTMTD, Black and White, no Sound\", and the other of the BMAD slides which has a list accompany ing it. Another videotape is from the April 1981 BTMTD presentation for the Center for the Book, and a fourth is marked \"Contents unknown\". The interview tapes include conversations with such noteworthy people as Daniel Boorstin, Woody Hayes, Clare Booth Luce, Dottie Lamm, William G. Milliken, Studs Terkel, Andy Rooney, Edgar Bergen, Sam Bass Warner, Tony Randall, Barbara Tuchman, and Susan Stamberg. The interviewees on Tape are listed in a separate cassette index, appended to the back of the container list.","Contact Sheets and NegativesFt. Myers; Sanibel Island; Stone Mountain (Atlanta, Georgia)Florida; New JerseyAtlanta, Georgia; Indian ReservationGrand CanyonDenver; San Francisco; HoustonSan Francisco (John Frantz, Ernie Gaines, Ferlenghetti); Concord, CaliforniaPhoenixIdaho (mayor to wheat farmer)New York, New York; PhiladelphiaWellesley, Massachusetts","Side A: St. Petersburg man; Emma Simpson, 81 year-old lady; 100-year-old lady; Manchild and the Promised Land; Helen Bradley; Island of the Blue Dolphins","Side B: Edgar Bergen; Mr. Degruy; Master's student, encyclopedias; Cora Groff; Dan Runge; Sarah Cook; Harry Wharton, postal clerk; Joan Hopkins; Ringling Art Librarian; David Williams (blind); Frank Cucksey","Side A: Aldrane Schuchmann; Bill Stonex; Kercher; Dauthtroy; Ann Marie Costa; Dan Bernstein; Bruce Sparks; Mark Goumas","Side B: Morris; Blue; Steffan Mallory and Tonya; Lois Rice; Ken Stevenson","Side A: Librarian from Georgia; Anne Russell; Mary Rheay; Colleen; Thomas Moore; Jack Kraus; Mary Warren; Alma Greene; Sybil Bain; Roxanna Austin","Side B: Ella Yates, Hawaii; Army rules and regulations; John Harte; Christopher Kane; Dr. Ellwood Boddie; France Fritzen; Judy Albright; Casper Jordan","Side A: Willis Johnson; Vincent Davis, Native Son; V.P. Rush Honda, comic books; about George Bernard Shaw (Shaw Society)","Side B: About George Bernard Shaw (con't); Bonnie Miller; Weller; About Carol Burnett; Sue Stacy","Side A: Ft. Sumter (then speeds up, cannot be understood on this recorder)","\"Family Business\"","Side A: Gordon Canterbury; South African, Cry the Beloved Country; Mark Grubham; Arthur Brown; Mr. Linstrom; Nancy White; Joy Culp, Spokane, WA","Side B: Leon Skip Roland; Utah Phillips; Barbara Scott; more on Joy Culp; info on Joy Culp's driver Kathy; Ron Dubberly","Side A: Mr. Stuntz, guide and ticket seller at Tom Edison's house, Dan Youman; Josephine Mannella; (static...); Elizabeth Bryan; James Letizia","Side B: James Letizia (cont.); Linda Letizia; Anne Dennis, Jonathan Livingston Seagull ; Dr. Marvin Odro; Bruce Hugh, Peter Marshall; (static...); Teacher in Canada; Mrs. Payne","Side A: Joan and Malcolm Miller, High Ice","Side B: Malcolm Miller (cont'd); Mary Poppins; Textbook; Cope Gall Jr., Grapes of Wrath; Mr. Nelson; Gary Morris; Boy Scout Handbook; Irv Brown, Cry the Beloved Country","Side A: Mrs. Pond, Seattle, WA; Wainwright; Virgina Burnside; Ken Ragland; Don Zoller; Ben Moon Railroad, sailor; Fisherman from Norway","Side B: blank","Side A: blank","Side B: Roy Beck; W. R. Henderson; Minton Moore; Mr. Meek; Luther Baker; David Perkins; Sterling and Elizabeth Hinman; Mr Beach; Mr. Dabney","Side A: Mark Couchman, The Monkey Wrench Gang; Beth Stolzy; Jane Diaz; Rev. Ramsey; Jane Diaz (again); stewardess; Ed Byers; Seibel; Mary Anne Toliver: Mrs. DeReemer; Pauley","Side B: Pauley (cont'd); Ellen Crowley; Shirley Wittler; Halliburton Books; Boorstin's History Books; Little Anna of Lapland; G. Henney's Books; Lawrence Webber, (children should be read to); real estate consultant; Edgar Rice Burrough's books","Side A: Tarzan, Zane Grey Books; Henry Shearouse; Lee Ambrose, The Fountain Pen; college course called \"Age of Johnson\"; Glenn Holliday; Ellen Kessler, PASSAGES","Side B: Dottie Lamm, Working It Out; Father Woodridge","Side A: Bill Barrett, author of Lilies of the Field and The Left Hand of God; Howlet; John Gardner's Excellence; John Murdock; Owner of a gold mine, Jesse Peterson","Side B: Das Kapital, Mary Kennelli; Jahn McCardy; John Frantz; Jade Snow Wong; black writer","Side A: Autobiographies; Poet, The Literary San Francisco Coney Island of the Mind; Positive Thinking, guide in Barringer Vineyards; Betty Theriot, Book of Mormon; Books on child rearing, Peresia Jackson; Rrobert Yamada","Side B: Mary Kraetzer; Asst. Librarian; Gunther Barth","Side A: Ed McMillan; (Nobel)","Side B: Mendlesohn; woman who works on The Examiner; Elwood Nestler","Side A: Greg Rayner; Louie Welch; Librarian; Mike Benedict; Penrod","Side B: Librarian; Boy Scout Handbook; Chester Rozell; Willia Carey Graves; D.D. Lewis","Side A: The Late Great Planet Earth; Stanley Marcus; Doorman; Patricia Sabine","Side B: blank","Side A: Sylvia Batenhorst","Side B: Sylvia Batenhorst; Green River Bar, Alice Wenner","Side A: Gerhard Zuther; Alex Lazzarrino; Lonnie Tilley, books by Roy Rogers; Frank Hulac","Side B: Joe Kimbrough; Fr. Alan Moss; Carol Chrislock; Gail See; Harold Kittleson","Side A: Zygmont Choroszy, concentration camp survivor","Side B: Zygmont Choroszy","Side A: Steve Nisbet; Louise Pratt Calcott; Roland Robbins","Side B: Roland Robbins","Side A: Roland Robbins (talking about Thoreau)","Side B: Robbins (cont'd); Edna Heidbreder; Jane Gorden at Alcott House","Side A: Bert Perkins; Edgar Allen, Sherlock Holmes; Leonard Quintavalla, U.S.S. Constitution; Durgur Park Waitress; David McCord; General Gavin","Side B: George Gloss; Fenn; Sam Bass Warner; Tonroy","Side A: Tonroy, Vanity Fair; Florence Ladd; Writer in residence at Emerson College; Millions of Cats","Side B: Woman from Peron's Argentina (Manti); Newman's idea of the University, The Second Spring; Jane Manthorne, The Little Matchgirl, The Man Without a Country; Danny Thiel; Anthony Buscetti","Side A: Unidentified man; Clara Garcia; Alberto Barreto","Side B: Alberto Barreto (cont'd); Maria Sanchez; Mayor Willian Musso; Steven Aschoff; Jim Moomaw; Bob Van Dyne","Side A: Bob Van Dyne; Bea MacDdonald; Fred Crossland; Marie Davis; Mary Flournoy","Side B: Mary Flournoy; Hagemayer; Bill Andrews; Debbie Andrews; Wes Pippert","Side A: Ed Newman; Nina Keenan; Tom Keenan","Side B: Tom Keenan (cont'd); James Fox (cop); Family business","Side A: William G. Milliken (Governor of Michigan); Bob Cromie; Bill Veeck; Kerri Byrnes","Side B: Clare Booth Luce; Paul Tibbets","Side A: Paul Tibbets; Dr. Mayberry Mayo; Paul Tibbets; War and Rememberance; Pat Bartlett","Side B: About Richard Burton; Bobbie Estrada; Jeanne Hart","Side A: Woman in Indian Community; Bundy; Paul Beach; Pat Walker; Stacy; Fellow Graduate from University of Wisconsin","Side B: Marcus Cohn; Minnie Pearl; Ann Eastman","Side A: John Gardner","Side B: Electronic reader for the Blind","Side A: Blank except for a small clip from a broadcast, Daniel Boorstin","Side B: blank","Side A: Ruth Boorstin","Side B: Susan Stamberg","Side A: Dan Fader, English Professor from Baltimore","Side B: Dan Fader (cont'd); Prof. John Forsythe; Mechanical Engineer; Phil Samson","Side A: Charlotte Huck","Side B: Charlotte Huck (cont'd); Les and Dorothy Moeller, The Limits to Growth; Ralph Reeder; Earl Butz; Man at Nrao (astronomer)","Side A: Pastor's Wife, Sue Stacy; Forever Amber; A Farewell to Arms; Dick Stoufer; The New Science Politics; Norman Cousins; Virginia Mathews","Side B: Virginia Mathews; Bookmobile; Bruce Oliver; Norman Cousins","Side A: Professor Stan Idzerda; Julie James; Elnora Betsy Ross (Ray of Hope); Tom McCall","Side B: Tom McCall (cont'd); Jim Green; Jane Anderson Gunn; Pat Walker (bar owner)","Librarian (cont'd); Russ Wiggins; Lady Bible; John Hancock, Nuremburg Testimonies; Joe Howland (The Tru Believer); Manager (Education Our Daughter)","Side A: Sue Stacy; Edwin Busick; Kathy Coster","Side B: Kathy Coster (cont'd); Sue Stacy","Side A: Interview (no name given); Nancy Larrick on reading; Irish Tom Campbell","Side B: Sabines (miscellaneous)","Side A: Person in State Department of Commerce, Hawaii; Mr. Amburgey, Asst. Commissioner of Education in Colorado; Utah Bookmobiles; John Zangmeister; Book Service to Alaskans","Side B: Book Service to Alaskans (cont'd), Woman from Syria, Great Expectations","Side A: Bess Sheller","Side B: Silvia Barsuyan; Henry Dubinsky; Becky Pippert, Camping and Woodcraft; Head of Recreation, Richard A. Tapply; Man writing his memoirs; Eugene Power","Side A: Cat's Cradle; Voltaire's Candide, Willard Thompson; Sue Stacy","Side B: Firefighter, Clough; Augusta Baker; Dr. Kein; Melton; Sue Stacy; Marie Davis","Side A: Pat Walker; Dorothy Moeller","Side B: Art Smith, Shakespeare; Postman, Our Plundered Planet; Dan Lacy; Why people don't read (Nault); Susan Stamberg","Side A: The Scottish Chiefs, The White Company, The Belgian Twings); Henry Taylor; Book about Clarence Darrow; Aristotle's Poetics; Sol Gordon; Candle maker; The Deaf","Side B: Jane Howard; Doris Saunders; Betty Elliott; Minister's Daughter","Side A: Director of Energy Research Lab; Man in Washington who served on committee in State Department","Side B: The Americanization of Edward Buck; Nevada State Librarian; Book service to \"Cathouses\"; The Adveturers (Shirley); Crime and Punishment ; Alaska mail delivery; Elizabeth Yon; Sue Stacey; Marie Davis; chatter","Side A: Woody Hayes; Ed Koopminers; Helen E. Lee; Reverend Mullins; Ed Koopminers; Bruce Dixon","Side B: Bruce Dixon; Zygmont Choroszy; Tim Melton; Hazel Dicken-Garcia; Tex Potter","Side A: Jimmy Carter's Pastor, The Book of Acts; Bruce Edwards; Mortimer Adler; R. T. Kingman; Sue Stacy","Side B: Sue Stacy (cont'd); Nancy Lopez Melton; Bill Branch","Side A: Catherine Gillie on reading","Side B: Crawford Lincoln Sturbridge; Gerald Utley; Catherine Gillie; Milton Caniff; Betty Elliot","Side A: George Wilson (Director of Interlochen); Reading Researcher","Side B: Poet, (Red Fox); Former President of Union and Lumber Inspec- tor; Zygmont Choroszy, underground newspaper in Poland","Side A: Englishman, Reading Without Nonsense; Washburn, Huckleberry Finn; Bessie Moore, Dictionary; Nichols; Paul Ouelette-Silver","Side B: Jeff MacNelly; Timothy Johnson; W. Lyle Eberhardt; Ed Newman; Babbitt; History book (no contact with non-whites); Speaking about Ghandi and Nehru; William Asp; Raymond Kuhn","Side A: Former bookmobile driver; Sue Stacy","Side B: Sue Stacy","Side A: Simon Michael Bessie, Harper \u0026 Row; Nathan Leblang, architect","Side B: Zygmont Choroszy; Robert B. Downs","Side A: M/chf. Ray Kuhn; Mac Bundy; Leon Somat; Rabbi Friehof; Don Lee Keith","Side B: Piano player; Ruby Bridges; Jeff McNelly; Connie Kay; Tony Randall; Andy Rooney","Side A: Andy Rooney; Barbara Bannon; Herb Simon; Zygmont Choroszy","Side B: Irv Kupcinet; Studs Terkel; Bob Cromie; Barbara Moro","Side A: Lady from Publishing Co.; Rita Furst; Clay Herrick; McClennan; Tom Barensfeld with Board of Education, Andre Cristo; Virginia Matthews, Nancy Oakley","Side B: blank","Side A: Cohn","Side B: Man who has passages in a book marked","Backup for Reel Tape of BTMTD Interview excerpts","Side A: Helen Hoke Watts","Side B: Helen Hoke Watts","WRNG in Atlanta - Ray Mooney interview show, August 2, 1980","\"4/6/81 BTMTD\"","Side A: Jonard","Side B: Linda Letizia","Side A: Linda Letizia (cont'd)","Side B: Ragland","Side A: Ross","Side B: Fleharty (in Alaska)","Side A: Hart","Side B: Branch","Side A: Blue Collar Journal","Side B: Ann Garcia","Side A: 60 Minutes Self-Examination","Side B: 60 Minutes (cont'd); Coster","Side A: Ross; Hart","Side B: Dottie Lamm","Radio Call-in Show with Jim Eason","1/27/81 Gordon Sabine Interview - aired as Public Affairs Pro- gram on WVWR in Roanoke, VA on 2/18/81","copy of Tape 70","Gordon Sabine speech about BTMTD (for Center for the Book?), April, 1981","\"All Things Considered\" interview—National Public Radio, 2/6/81. Gordon Sabine interviewed by Susan Stamberg.","\"All Things Considered,\" National Public Radio, March, 1981. Susan Stamberg reads letters in answer to request for listeners to write in about significant books.","\"Virginia Bookshelf\"—Gordon and Patricia Sabine interviewed by Seth Williamson, 1981?","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Books That Made the Difference Project Collection consists of subject files, clippings, correspondence, manuscript drafts, and audio-visual materials. The project was conceived in l980 by Ann Heidbreder Eastman, formerly of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and executed by Gordon A. Sabine, formerly a professor at this university, and his wife Patricia, who interviewed people across the country, asking what book made the greatest difference in their lives, and what was that difference. The responses were collected for a book, Books That Made the Difference: What People Told Us, published by Shoe String Press in 1983. The theme of \"Books Make a Difference\" has been, and still is, used by public libraries for public relations campaigns. Noteworthy aspects of the collection include the 1983 book and the 1985 abridged version published by the Book-of-the-Month Club, and the original cassette tapes used by the Sabines to record the interviews.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Arts and Sciences (1970-2003)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Sabine, Gordon","Sabine, Patricia","Eastman, Ann Heidbreder","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Books That Made the Difference Project Collection, 1980/1986"],"collection_ssim":["Books That Made the Difference Project Collection, 1980/1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1985.003"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1985.003"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Sabine, Gordon","Sabine, Patricia","Eastman, Ann Heidbreder"],"creator_ssim":["Sabine, Gordon","Sabine, Patricia","Eastman, Ann Heidbreder"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sabine, Gordon","Sabine, Patricia","Eastman, Ann Heidbreder"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Arts and Sciences (1970-2003)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"creators_ssim":["Sabine, Gordon","Sabine, Patricia","Eastman, Ann Heidbreder","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Arts and Sciences (1970-2003)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Books That Made the Difference Project Collection was donated to Special Collections in 1984, 1989, and 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","University History","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","University History","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Cubic Feet 8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["5 Cubic Feet 8 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by type of material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by type of material."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn a project jointly sponsored by the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress and the College of Arts and Sciences of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or Virginia Tech, the Books That Made the Difference (BTMTD) Project sought to discover how important a role books played in shaping people's lives. The project was planned, administered, and promoted by Ann Heidbreder Eastman, Director of Public Affairs Programs, College of Arts and Sciences, at Virginia Tech, and executed by Gordon Sabine, a professor of journalism at Virginia Tech, and his wife Patricia, an assistant professor at Ohio State University. The Sabines traveled across the country from July 1980 to March 1981, interviewed approximately 1,400 Americans, and asked them two questions: What book made the greatest difference in your life, and what was that difference? They interviewed a panoply of people, from celebrities and authors to farmers and laborers, who named books from the Bible to \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRaggedy Ann\u003c/title\u003e. The answers were collected for a book published in 1983 by Shoe String Press, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBooks That Made the Difference: What People Told Us\u003c/title\u003e. In addition, the Books Make a Difference (BMAD) idea was promoted nationally with, for example, Gordon Sabine's interview on National Public Radio's \"All Things Considered\" in which listeners were asked to write NPR about significant books in their lives, and as the theme of national library ceremonies, such as the American Book Awards. The concept was also used on a local scale, from promotional ideas for libraries given in the back of the book. In 1985 the Book-of-the-Month Club published an abridged version of the book.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["In a project jointly sponsored by the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress and the College of Arts and Sciences of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or Virginia Tech, the Books That Made the Difference (BTMTD) Project sought to discover how important a role books played in shaping people's lives. The project was planned, administered, and promoted by Ann Heidbreder Eastman, Director of Public Affairs Programs, College of Arts and Sciences, at Virginia Tech, and executed by Gordon Sabine, a professor of journalism at Virginia Tech, and his wife Patricia, an assistant professor at Ohio State University. The Sabines traveled across the country from July 1980 to March 1981, interviewed approximately 1,400 Americans, and asked them two questions: What book made the greatest difference in your life, and what was that difference? They interviewed a panoply of people, from celebrities and authors to farmers and laborers, who named books from the Bible to Raggedy Ann. The answers were collected for a book published in 1983 by Shoe String Press, Books That Made the Difference: What People Told Us. In addition, the Books Make a Difference (BMAD) idea was promoted nationally with, for example, Gordon Sabine's interview on National Public Radio's \"All Things Considered\" in which listeners were asked to write NPR about significant books in their lives, and as the theme of national library ceremonies, such as the American Book Awards. The concept was also used on a local scale, from promotional ideas for libraries given in the back of the book. In 1985 the Book-of-the-Month Club published an abridged version of the book."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Books That Made the Difference Project Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Books That Made the Difference Project Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Books That Made the Difference Project Collection, Ms1985-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Books That Made the Difference Project Collection, Ms1985-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Books That Made the Difference Project Collection commenced and was completed in 1986. Additional description was completed in 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Books That Made the Difference Project Collection commenced and was completed in 1986. Additional description was completed in 2010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of Administration and Promotion subject files, Center for the Book material, magazine and newspaper clippings, correspondence, manuscript drafts, Book-of-the-Month Club material, and audio-visual material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Administration and Promotion subject files are arranged in rough chronological order. The Public Relations survey involved a form sent to public librarians asking about effective ways to promote read ing. The Spokane Public Library material includes ideas to promote adult literacy and information on their efforts to boost reading through the use of television. The Dana Library Public Relations Awards contest and the Library Awareness Idea Search were entered by Eastman with the BMAD concept. The BTMTD Kit, which is included with this material, never proved successful. Poster Sessions refers to the use of a BMAD exhibit at the 1982 American Library Association meeting. PM Magazine material includes information on the possibility of a BTMTD spot on the show. Susan Neuman material relates to this professor's research at Eastern Connecticut State University of children's reading habits and Neuman's inquiries to Eastman for duplicates of the recorded interviews. The Sabines' Houston presentation was made at Westfield High School in the Spring Independent School District, October 2-3, l984. The Sabines' conclusions focus on their summation about the difference books make to different people. \u003ctitle\u003eReader's Digest\u003c/title\u003e material consists of mostly manu script fragments of the book organized by Gordon Sabine for an article that was submitted to but never published by \u003ctitle\u003eReader's Digest\u003c/title\u003e. Miscellaneous administrative information consists mostly of memos, ALA and agent's information, notes, clippings, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Center for the Book material includes meeting reports of, and publicity for, the BTMTD project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe clippings are primarily about the BTMTD project, with a few scattered throughout on other related topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence consists of copies of the initial letters Eastman sent to State Librarians about the project, requests for information and materials from librarians, letters of inquiry about the project to the Center for the Book, and Walter Matthau's 1980 letter to the Sabines about his most meaningful book. Also included in the correspondence are the letters written to NPR in response to their request for listeners' to write in what book made the difference in their lives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe book manuscripts include a card file of notes for the book, as well as drafts and cut- up fragments of the book. Book copy refers to a xerox copy of the finished book. A first edition copy of the book, \u003ctitle\u003eBooks That Made the Difference: What People Told Us\u003c/title\u003e is also included in the manuscripts section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Book-of-the-Month Club material includes a copy of its 1985 version of the book (pages 1-128 of the original Shoe String Press edition), as well as miscellaneous project material pertaining to the Book- of-the-Month Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Audio-Visual material includes photographs, contact sheets, and negatives of interviewees in the project. One photograph is of Gordon Sabine at a teletype machine for deaf library users at the Free Library of Philadelphia and another is of him interviewing a woman on the beach at Sanibel. The order of the contact sheets and negatives follows the Sabines' trail around the country. See Container List for complete listing. Of the four 8-track tapes, one is of Susan Stamberg's NPR interview with Gordon Sabine, the second of an interview with Robert Cromie of Chicago, Illinois, the third is entitled \"Eastman MS w/excerpts from BTMTD speech\", and the last is of \"various interviews.\" The slides are of interviewees. The videotapes include two U-matic cassettes, one labeled \"Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Sabine, BTMTD, Black and White, no Sound\", and the other of the BMAD slides which has a list accompany ing it. Another videotape is from the April 1981 BTMTD presentation for the Center for the Book, and a fourth is marked \"Contents unknown\". The interview tapes include conversations with such noteworthy people as Daniel Boorstin, Woody Hayes, Clare Booth Luce, Dottie Lamm, William G. Milliken, Studs Terkel, Andy Rooney, Edgar Bergen, Sam Bass Warner, Tony Randall, Barbara Tuchman, and Susan Stamberg. The interviewees on Tape are listed in a separate cassette index, appended to the back of the container list.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003chead\u003eContact Sheets and Negatives\u003c/head\u003e\u003citem\u003eFt. Myers; Sanibel Island; Stone Mountain (Atlanta, Georgia)\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida; New Jersey\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAtlanta, Georgia; Indian Reservation\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eDenver; San Francisco; Houston\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSan Francisco (John Frantz, Ernie Gaines, Ferlenghetti); Concord, California\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePhoenix\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eIdaho (mayor to wheat farmer)\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eNew York, New York; Philadelphia\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWellesley, Massachusetts\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: St. Petersburg man; Emma Simpson, 81 year-old lady; 100-year-old lady; \u003ctitle\u003eManchild and the Promised Land\u003c/title\u003e; Helen Bradley; \u003ctitle\u003eIsland of the Blue Dolphins\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Edgar Bergen; Mr. Degruy; Master's student, encyclopedias; Cora Groff; Dan Runge; Sarah Cook; Harry Wharton, postal clerk; Joan Hopkins; Ringling Art Librarian; David Williams (blind); Frank Cucksey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Aldrane Schuchmann; Bill Stonex; Kercher; Dauthtroy; Ann Marie Costa; Dan Bernstein; Bruce Sparks; Mark Goumas\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Morris; Blue; Steffan Mallory and Tonya; Lois Rice; Ken Stevenson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Librarian from Georgia; Anne Russell; Mary Rheay; Colleen; Thomas Moore; Jack Kraus; Mary Warren; Alma Greene; Sybil Bain; Roxanna Austin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Ella Yates, \u003ctitle\u003eHawaii\u003c/title\u003e; Army rules and regulations; John Harte; Christopher Kane; Dr. Ellwood Boddie; France Fritzen; Judy Albright; Casper Jordan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Willis Johnson; Vincent Davis, \u003ctitle\u003eNative Son\u003c/title\u003e; V.P. Rush Honda, comic books; about George Bernard Shaw (Shaw Society)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: About George Bernard Shaw (con't); Bonnie Miller; Weller; About Carol Burnett; Sue Stacy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Ft. Sumter (then speeds up, cannot be understood on this recorder)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Family Business\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Gordon Canterbury; South African, \u003ctitle\u003eCry the Beloved Country\u003c/title\u003e; Mark Grubham; Arthur Brown; Mr. Linstrom; Nancy White; Joy Culp, Spokane, WA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Leon Skip Roland; Utah Phillips; Barbara Scott; more on Joy Culp; info on Joy Culp's driver Kathy; Ron Dubberly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Mr. Stuntz, guide and ticket seller at Tom Edison's house, Dan Youman; Josephine Mannella; (static...); Elizabeth Bryan; James Letizia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: James Letizia (cont.); Linda Letizia; Anne Dennis, \u003ctitle\u003eJonathan Livingston Seagull\u003c/title\u003e ; Dr. Marvin Odro; Bruce Hugh, \u003ctitle\u003ePeter Marshall\u003c/title\u003e; (static...); Teacher in Canada; Mrs. Payne\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Joan and Malcolm Miller, \u003ctitle\u003eHigh Ice\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Malcolm Miller (cont'd); \u003ctitle\u003eMary Poppins\u003c/title\u003e; Textbook; Cope Gall Jr., \u003ctitle\u003eGrapes of Wrath\u003c/title\u003e; Mr. Nelson; Gary Morris; \u003ctitle\u003eBoy Scout Handbook\u003c/title\u003e; Irv Brown, \u003ctitle\u003eCry the Beloved Country\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Mrs. Pond, Seattle, WA; Wainwright; Virgina Burnside; Ken Ragland; Don Zoller; Ben Moon Railroad, sailor; Fisherman from Norway\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: blank\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: blank\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Roy Beck; W. R. Henderson; Minton Moore; Mr. Meek; Luther Baker; David Perkins; Sterling and Elizabeth Hinman; Mr Beach; Mr. Dabney\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Mark Couchman, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Monkey Wrench Gang\u003c/title\u003e; Beth Stolzy; Jane Diaz; Rev. Ramsey; Jane Diaz (again); stewardess; Ed Byers; Seibel; Mary Anne Toliver: Mrs. DeReemer; Pauley\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Pauley (cont'd); Ellen Crowley; Shirley Wittler; Halliburton Books; Boorstin's History Books; \u003ctitle\u003eLittle Anna of Lapland\u003c/title\u003e; G. Henney's Books; Lawrence Webber, (children should be read to); real estate consultant; Edgar Rice Burrough's books\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: \u003ctitle\u003eTarzan\u003c/title\u003e, Zane Grey Books; Henry Shearouse; Lee Ambrose, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Fountain Pen\u003c/title\u003e; college course called \"Age of Johnson\"; Glenn Holliday; Ellen Kessler, PASSAGES\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Dottie Lamm, \u003ctitle\u003eWorking It Out\u003c/title\u003e; Father Woodridge\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Bill Barrett, author of \u003ctitle\u003eLilies of the Field\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Left Hand of God\u003c/title\u003e; Howlet; John Gardner's Excellence; John Murdock; Owner of a gold mine, Jesse Peterson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: \u003ctitle\u003eDas Kapital\u003c/title\u003e, Mary Kennelli; Jahn McCardy; John Frantz; Jade Snow Wong; black writer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Autobiographies; Poet, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Literary San Francisco Coney Island of the Mind\u003c/title\u003e; \u003ctitle\u003ePositive Thinking\u003c/title\u003e, guide in Barringer Vineyards; Betty Theriot, \u003ctitle\u003eBook of Mormon\u003c/title\u003e; Books on child rearing, Peresia Jackson; Rrobert Yamada\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Mary Kraetzer; Asst. Librarian; Gunther Barth\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Ed McMillan; (Nobel)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Mendlesohn; woman who works on \u003ctitle\u003eThe Examiner\u003c/title\u003e; Elwood Nestler\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Greg Rayner; Louie Welch; Librarian; Mike Benedict; \u003ctitle\u003ePenrod\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Librarian; \u003ctitle\u003eBoy Scout Handbook\u003c/title\u003e; Chester Rozell; Willia Carey Graves; D.D. Lewis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: \u003ctitle\u003eThe Late Great Planet Earth\u003c/title\u003e; Stanley Marcus; Doorman; Patricia Sabine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: blank\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Sylvia Batenhorst\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Sylvia Batenhorst; Green River Bar, Alice Wenner\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Gerhard Zuther; Alex Lazzarrino; Lonnie Tilley, books by Roy Rogers; Frank Hulac\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Joe Kimbrough; Fr. Alan Moss; Carol Chrislock; Gail See; Harold Kittleson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Zygmont Choroszy, concentration camp survivor \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Zygmont Choroszy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Steve Nisbet; Louise Pratt Calcott; Roland Robbins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Roland Robbins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Roland Robbins (talking about Thoreau)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Robbins (cont'd); Edna Heidbreder; Jane Gorden at Alcott House\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Bert Perkins; \u003ctitle\u003eEdgar Allen\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eSherlock Holmes\u003c/title\u003e; Leonard Quintavalla, U.S.S. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eConstitution\u003c/emph\u003e; Durgur Park Waitress; David McCord; General Gavin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: George Gloss; Fenn; Sam Bass Warner; Tonroy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Tonroy, \u003ctitle\u003eVanity Fair\u003c/title\u003e; Florence Ladd; Writer in residence at Emerson College; \u003ctitle\u003eMillions of Cats\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Woman from Peron's Argentina (Manti); \u003ctitle\u003eNewman's idea of the University\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Second Spring\u003c/title\u003e; Jane Manthorne, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Little Matchgirl\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Man Without a Country\u003c/title\u003e; Danny Thiel; Anthony Buscetti\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Unidentified man; Clara Garcia; Alberto Barreto\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Alberto Barreto (cont'd); Maria Sanchez; Mayor Willian Musso; Steven Aschoff; Jim Moomaw; Bob Van Dyne\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Bob Van Dyne; Bea MacDdonald; Fred Crossland; Marie Davis; Mary Flournoy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Mary Flournoy; Hagemayer; Bill Andrews; Debbie Andrews; Wes Pippert\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Ed Newman; Nina Keenan; Tom Keenan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Tom Keenan (cont'd); James Fox (cop); Family business\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: William G. Milliken (Governor of Michigan); Bob Cromie; Bill Veeck; Kerri Byrnes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Clare Booth Luce; Paul Tibbets\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Paul Tibbets; Dr. Mayberry Mayo; Paul Tibbets; \u003ctitle\u003eWar and Rememberance\u003c/title\u003e; Pat Bartlett \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: About Richard Burton; Bobbie Estrada; Jeanne Hart\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Woman in Indian Community; Bundy; Paul Beach; Pat Walker; Stacy; Fellow Graduate from University of Wisconsin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Marcus Cohn; Minnie Pearl; Ann Eastman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: John Gardner\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Electronic reader for the Blind\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Blank except for a small clip from a broadcast, Daniel Boorstin \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: blank\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Ruth Boorstin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Susan Stamberg\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Dan Fader, English Professor from Baltimore\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Dan Fader (cont'd); Prof. John Forsythe; Mechanical Engineer; Phil Samson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Charlotte Huck\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Charlotte Huck (cont'd); Les and Dorothy Moeller, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Limits to Growth\u003c/title\u003e; Ralph Reeder; Earl Butz; Man at Nrao (astronomer)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Pastor's Wife, Sue Stacy; \u003ctitle\u003eForever Amber\u003c/title\u003e; \u003ctitle\u003eA Farewell to Arms\u003c/title\u003e; Dick Stoufer; \u003ctitle\u003eThe New Science Politics\u003c/title\u003e; Norman Cousins; Virginia Mathews\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Virginia Mathews; Bookmobile; Bruce Oliver; Norman Cousins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Professor Stan Idzerda; Julie James; Elnora Betsy Ross (Ray of Hope); Tom McCall\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Tom McCall (cont'd); Jim Green; Jane Anderson Gunn; Pat Walker (bar owner)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian (cont'd); Russ Wiggins; \u003ctitle\u003eLady Bible\u003c/title\u003e; John Hancock, \u003ctitle\u003eNuremburg Testimonies\u003c/title\u003e; Joe Howland (\u003ctitle\u003eThe Tru Believer\u003c/title\u003e); Manager (\u003ctitle\u003eEducation Our Daughter\u003c/title\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Sue Stacy; Edwin Busick; Kathy Coster\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Kathy Coster (cont'd); Sue Stacy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Interview (no name given); Nancy Larrick on reading; Irish Tom Campbell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Sabines (miscellaneous)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Person in State Department of Commerce, \u003ctitle\u003eHawaii\u003c/title\u003e; Mr. Amburgey, Asst. Commissioner of Education in Colorado; Utah Bookmobiles; John Zangmeister; Book Service to Alaskans\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Book Service to Alaskans (cont'd), Woman from Syria, \u003ctitle\u003eGreat Expectations\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Bess Sheller\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Silvia Barsuyan; Henry Dubinsky; Becky Pippert, \u003ctitle\u003eCamping and Woodcraft\u003c/title\u003e; Head of Recreation, Richard A. Tapply; Man writing his memoirs; Eugene Power\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: \u003ctitle\u003eCat's Cradle\u003c/title\u003e; Voltaire's \u003ctitle\u003eCandide\u003c/title\u003e, Willard Thompson; Sue Stacy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: \u003ctitle\u003eFirefighter\u003c/title\u003e, Clough; Augusta Baker; Dr. Kein; Melton; Sue Stacy; Marie Davis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Pat Walker; Dorothy Moeller\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Art Smith, Shakespeare; Postman, \u003ctitle\u003eOur Plundered Planet\u003c/title\u003e; Dan Lacy; Why people don't read (Nault); Susan Stamberg\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: \u003ctitle\u003eThe Scottish Chiefs\u003c/title\u003e,\u003ctitle\u003e The White Company\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Belgian Twings\u003c/title\u003e); Henry Taylor; Book about Clarence Darrow; Aristotle's \u003ctitle\u003ePoetics\u003c/title\u003e; Sol Gordon; Candle maker; The Deaf\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Jane Howard; Doris Saunders; Betty Elliott; Minister's Daughter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Director of Energy Research Lab; Man in Washington who served on committee in State Department\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: \u003ctitle\u003eThe Americanization of Edward Buck\u003c/title\u003e; Nevada State Librarian; Book service to \"Cathouses\"; \u003ctitle\u003eThe Adveturers\u003c/title\u003e (Shirley); \u003ctitle\u003eCrime and Punishment\u003c/title\u003e ; Alaska mail delivery; Elizabeth Yon; Sue Stacey; Marie Davis; chatter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Woody Hayes; Ed Koopminers; Helen E. Lee; Reverend Mullins; Ed Koopminers; Bruce Dixon\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Bruce Dixon; Zygmont Choroszy; Tim Melton; Hazel Dicken-Garcia; Tex Potter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Jimmy Carter's Pastor, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Book of Acts\u003c/title\u003e; Bruce Edwards; Mortimer Adler; R. T. Kingman; Sue Stacy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Sue Stacy (cont'd); Nancy Lopez Melton; Bill Branch\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Catherine Gillie on reading\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Crawford Lincoln Sturbridge; Gerald Utley; Catherine Gillie; Milton Caniff; Betty Elliot\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: George Wilson (Director of Interlochen); Reading Researcher\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Poet, (\u003ctitle\u003eRed Fox\u003c/title\u003e); Former President of Union and Lumber Inspec- tor; Zygmont Choroszy, underground newspaper in Poland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Englishman, \u003ctitle\u003eReading Without Nonsense\u003c/title\u003e; Washburn, \u003ctitle\u003eHuckleberry Finn\u003c/title\u003e; Bessie Moore, Dictionary; Nichols; Paul Ouelette-Silver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Jeff MacNelly; Timothy Johnson; W. Lyle Eberhardt; Ed Newman; \u003ctitle\u003eBabbitt\u003c/title\u003e; History book (no contact with non-whites); Speaking about Ghandi and Nehru; William Asp; Raymond Kuhn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Former bookmobile driver; Sue Stacy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Sue Stacy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Simon Michael Bessie, Harper \u0026amp; Row; Nathan Leblang, architect\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Zygmont Choroszy; Robert B. Downs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: M/chf. Ray Kuhn; Mac Bundy; Leon Somat; Rabbi Friehof; Don Lee Keith\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Piano player; Ruby Bridges; Jeff McNelly; Connie Kay; Tony Randall; Andy Rooney\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Andy Rooney; Barbara Bannon; Herb Simon; Zygmont Choroszy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Irv Kupcinet; Studs Terkel; Bob Cromie; Barbara Moro\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Lady from Publishing Co.; Rita Furst; Clay Herrick; McClennan; Tom Barensfeld with Board of Education, Andre Cristo; Virginia Matthews, Nancy Oakley\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: blank\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Cohn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Man who has passages in a book marked\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBackup for Reel Tape of BTMTD Interview excerpts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Helen Hoke Watts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Helen Hoke Watts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWRNG in Atlanta - Ray Mooney interview show, August 2, 1980\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"4/6/81 BTMTD\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Jonard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Linda Letizia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Linda Letizia (cont'd)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Ragland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Ross\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Fleharty (in Alaska)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Hart\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Branch\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: \u003ctitle\u003eBlue Collar Journal\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Ann Garcia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: 60 Minutes Self-Examination\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: 60 Minutes (cont'd); Coster \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Ross; Hart\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Dottie Lamm\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRadio Call-in Show with Jim Eason\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1/27/81 Gordon Sabine Interview - aired as Public Affairs Pro- gram on WVWR in Roanoke, VA on 2/18/81\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecopy of Tape 70\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGordon Sabine speech about BTMTD (for Center for the Book?), April, 1981\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"All Things Considered\" interview—National Public Radio, 2/6/81. Gordon Sabine interviewed by Susan Stamberg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"All Things Considered,\" National Public Radio, March, 1981. Susan Stamberg reads letters in answer to request for listeners to write in about significant books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Virginia Bookshelf\"—Gordon and Patricia Sabine interviewed by Seth Williamson, 1981?\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of Administration and Promotion subject files, Center for the Book material, magazine and newspaper clippings, correspondence, manuscript drafts, Book-of-the-Month Club material, and audio-visual material.","The Administration and Promotion subject files are arranged in rough chronological order. The Public Relations survey involved a form sent to public librarians asking about effective ways to promote read ing. The Spokane Public Library material includes ideas to promote adult literacy and information on their efforts to boost reading through the use of television. The Dana Library Public Relations Awards contest and the Library Awareness Idea Search were entered by Eastman with the BMAD concept. The BTMTD Kit, which is included with this material, never proved successful. Poster Sessions refers to the use of a BMAD exhibit at the 1982 American Library Association meeting. PM Magazine material includes information on the possibility of a BTMTD spot on the show. Susan Neuman material relates to this professor's research at Eastern Connecticut State University of children's reading habits and Neuman's inquiries to Eastman for duplicates of the recorded interviews. The Sabines' Houston presentation was made at Westfield High School in the Spring Independent School District, October 2-3, l984. The Sabines' conclusions focus on their summation about the difference books make to different people. Reader's Digest material consists of mostly manu script fragments of the book organized by Gordon Sabine for an article that was submitted to but never published by Reader's Digest. Miscellaneous administrative information consists mostly of memos, ALA and agent's information, notes, clippings, etc.","The Center for the Book material includes meeting reports of, and publicity for, the BTMTD project.","The clippings are primarily about the BTMTD project, with a few scattered throughout on other related topics.","The correspondence consists of copies of the initial letters Eastman sent to State Librarians about the project, requests for information and materials from librarians, letters of inquiry about the project to the Center for the Book, and Walter Matthau's 1980 letter to the Sabines about his most meaningful book. Also included in the correspondence are the letters written to NPR in response to their request for listeners' to write in what book made the difference in their lives.","The book manuscripts include a card file of notes for the book, as well as drafts and cut- up fragments of the book. Book copy refers to a xerox copy of the finished book. A first edition copy of the book, Books That Made the Difference: What People Told Us is also included in the manuscripts section.","The Book-of-the-Month Club material includes a copy of its 1985 version of the book (pages 1-128 of the original Shoe String Press edition), as well as miscellaneous project material pertaining to the Book- of-the-Month Club.","The Audio-Visual material includes photographs, contact sheets, and negatives of interviewees in the project. One photograph is of Gordon Sabine at a teletype machine for deaf library users at the Free Library of Philadelphia and another is of him interviewing a woman on the beach at Sanibel. The order of the contact sheets and negatives follows the Sabines' trail around the country. See Container List for complete listing. Of the four 8-track tapes, one is of Susan Stamberg's NPR interview with Gordon Sabine, the second of an interview with Robert Cromie of Chicago, Illinois, the third is entitled \"Eastman MS w/excerpts from BTMTD speech\", and the last is of \"various interviews.\" The slides are of interviewees. The videotapes include two U-matic cassettes, one labeled \"Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Sabine, BTMTD, Black and White, no Sound\", and the other of the BMAD slides which has a list accompany ing it. Another videotape is from the April 1981 BTMTD presentation for the Center for the Book, and a fourth is marked \"Contents unknown\". The interview tapes include conversations with such noteworthy people as Daniel Boorstin, Woody Hayes, Clare Booth Luce, Dottie Lamm, William G. Milliken, Studs Terkel, Andy Rooney, Edgar Bergen, Sam Bass Warner, Tony Randall, Barbara Tuchman, and Susan Stamberg. The interviewees on Tape are listed in a separate cassette index, appended to the back of the container list.","Contact Sheets and NegativesFt. Myers; Sanibel Island; Stone Mountain (Atlanta, Georgia)Florida; New JerseyAtlanta, Georgia; Indian ReservationGrand CanyonDenver; San Francisco; HoustonSan Francisco (John Frantz, Ernie Gaines, Ferlenghetti); Concord, CaliforniaPhoenixIdaho (mayor to wheat farmer)New York, New York; PhiladelphiaWellesley, Massachusetts","Side A: St. Petersburg man; Emma Simpson, 81 year-old lady; 100-year-old lady; Manchild and the Promised Land; Helen Bradley; Island of the Blue Dolphins","Side B: Edgar Bergen; Mr. Degruy; Master's student, encyclopedias; Cora Groff; Dan Runge; Sarah Cook; Harry Wharton, postal clerk; Joan Hopkins; Ringling Art Librarian; David Williams (blind); Frank Cucksey","Side A: Aldrane Schuchmann; Bill Stonex; Kercher; Dauthtroy; Ann Marie Costa; Dan Bernstein; Bruce Sparks; Mark Goumas","Side B: Morris; Blue; Steffan Mallory and Tonya; Lois Rice; Ken Stevenson","Side A: Librarian from Georgia; Anne Russell; Mary Rheay; Colleen; Thomas Moore; Jack Kraus; Mary Warren; Alma Greene; Sybil Bain; Roxanna Austin","Side B: Ella Yates, Hawaii; Army rules and regulations; John Harte; Christopher Kane; Dr. Ellwood Boddie; France Fritzen; Judy Albright; Casper Jordan","Side A: Willis Johnson; Vincent Davis, Native Son; V.P. Rush Honda, comic books; about George Bernard Shaw (Shaw Society)","Side B: About George Bernard Shaw (con't); Bonnie Miller; Weller; About Carol Burnett; Sue Stacy","Side A: Ft. Sumter (then speeds up, cannot be understood on this recorder)","\"Family Business\"","Side A: Gordon Canterbury; South African, Cry the Beloved Country; Mark Grubham; Arthur Brown; Mr. Linstrom; Nancy White; Joy Culp, Spokane, WA","Side B: Leon Skip Roland; Utah Phillips; Barbara Scott; more on Joy Culp; info on Joy Culp's driver Kathy; Ron Dubberly","Side A: Mr. Stuntz, guide and ticket seller at Tom Edison's house, Dan Youman; Josephine Mannella; (static...); Elizabeth Bryan; James Letizia","Side B: James Letizia (cont.); Linda Letizia; Anne Dennis, Jonathan Livingston Seagull ; Dr. Marvin Odro; Bruce Hugh, Peter Marshall; (static...); Teacher in Canada; Mrs. Payne","Side A: Joan and Malcolm Miller, High Ice","Side B: Malcolm Miller (cont'd); Mary Poppins; Textbook; Cope Gall Jr., Grapes of Wrath; Mr. Nelson; Gary Morris; Boy Scout Handbook; Irv Brown, Cry the Beloved Country","Side A: Mrs. Pond, Seattle, WA; Wainwright; Virgina Burnside; Ken Ragland; Don Zoller; Ben Moon Railroad, sailor; Fisherman from Norway","Side B: blank","Side A: blank","Side B: Roy Beck; W. R. Henderson; Minton Moore; Mr. Meek; Luther Baker; David Perkins; Sterling and Elizabeth Hinman; Mr Beach; Mr. Dabney","Side A: Mark Couchman, The Monkey Wrench Gang; Beth Stolzy; Jane Diaz; Rev. Ramsey; Jane Diaz (again); stewardess; Ed Byers; Seibel; Mary Anne Toliver: Mrs. DeReemer; Pauley","Side B: Pauley (cont'd); Ellen Crowley; Shirley Wittler; Halliburton Books; Boorstin's History Books; Little Anna of Lapland; G. Henney's Books; Lawrence Webber, (children should be read to); real estate consultant; Edgar Rice Burrough's books","Side A: Tarzan, Zane Grey Books; Henry Shearouse; Lee Ambrose, The Fountain Pen; college course called \"Age of Johnson\"; Glenn Holliday; Ellen Kessler, PASSAGES","Side B: Dottie Lamm, Working It Out; Father Woodridge","Side A: Bill Barrett, author of Lilies of the Field and The Left Hand of God; Howlet; John Gardner's Excellence; John Murdock; Owner of a gold mine, Jesse Peterson","Side B: Das Kapital, Mary Kennelli; Jahn McCardy; John Frantz; Jade Snow Wong; black writer","Side A: Autobiographies; Poet, The Literary San Francisco Coney Island of the Mind; Positive Thinking, guide in Barringer Vineyards; Betty Theriot, Book of Mormon; Books on child rearing, Peresia Jackson; Rrobert Yamada","Side B: Mary Kraetzer; Asst. Librarian; Gunther Barth","Side A: Ed McMillan; (Nobel)","Side B: Mendlesohn; woman who works on The Examiner; Elwood Nestler","Side A: Greg Rayner; Louie Welch; Librarian; Mike Benedict; Penrod","Side B: Librarian; Boy Scout Handbook; Chester Rozell; Willia Carey Graves; D.D. Lewis","Side A: The Late Great Planet Earth; Stanley Marcus; Doorman; Patricia Sabine","Side B: blank","Side A: Sylvia Batenhorst","Side B: Sylvia Batenhorst; Green River Bar, Alice Wenner","Side A: Gerhard Zuther; Alex Lazzarrino; Lonnie Tilley, books by Roy Rogers; Frank Hulac","Side B: Joe Kimbrough; Fr. Alan Moss; Carol Chrislock; Gail See; Harold Kittleson","Side A: Zygmont Choroszy, concentration camp survivor","Side B: Zygmont Choroszy","Side A: Steve Nisbet; Louise Pratt Calcott; Roland Robbins","Side B: Roland Robbins","Side A: Roland Robbins (talking about Thoreau)","Side B: Robbins (cont'd); Edna Heidbreder; Jane Gorden at Alcott House","Side A: Bert Perkins; Edgar Allen, Sherlock Holmes; Leonard Quintavalla, U.S.S. Constitution; Durgur Park Waitress; David McCord; General Gavin","Side B: George Gloss; Fenn; Sam Bass Warner; Tonroy","Side A: Tonroy, Vanity Fair; Florence Ladd; Writer in residence at Emerson College; Millions of Cats","Side B: Woman from Peron's Argentina (Manti); Newman's idea of the University, The Second Spring; Jane Manthorne, The Little Matchgirl, The Man Without a Country; Danny Thiel; Anthony Buscetti","Side A: Unidentified man; Clara Garcia; Alberto Barreto","Side B: Alberto Barreto (cont'd); Maria Sanchez; Mayor Willian Musso; Steven Aschoff; Jim Moomaw; Bob Van Dyne","Side A: Bob Van Dyne; Bea MacDdonald; Fred Crossland; Marie Davis; Mary Flournoy","Side B: Mary Flournoy; Hagemayer; Bill Andrews; Debbie Andrews; Wes Pippert","Side A: Ed Newman; Nina Keenan; Tom Keenan","Side B: Tom Keenan (cont'd); James Fox (cop); Family business","Side A: William G. Milliken (Governor of Michigan); Bob Cromie; Bill Veeck; Kerri Byrnes","Side B: Clare Booth Luce; Paul Tibbets","Side A: Paul Tibbets; Dr. Mayberry Mayo; Paul Tibbets; War and Rememberance; Pat Bartlett","Side B: About Richard Burton; Bobbie Estrada; Jeanne Hart","Side A: Woman in Indian Community; Bundy; Paul Beach; Pat Walker; Stacy; Fellow Graduate from University of Wisconsin","Side B: Marcus Cohn; Minnie Pearl; Ann Eastman","Side A: John Gardner","Side B: Electronic reader for the Blind","Side A: Blank except for a small clip from a broadcast, Daniel Boorstin","Side B: blank","Side A: Ruth Boorstin","Side B: Susan Stamberg","Side A: Dan Fader, English Professor from Baltimore","Side B: Dan Fader (cont'd); Prof. John Forsythe; Mechanical Engineer; Phil Samson","Side A: Charlotte Huck","Side B: Charlotte Huck (cont'd); Les and Dorothy Moeller, The Limits to Growth; Ralph Reeder; Earl Butz; Man at Nrao (astronomer)","Side A: Pastor's Wife, Sue Stacy; Forever Amber; A Farewell to Arms; Dick Stoufer; The New Science Politics; Norman Cousins; Virginia Mathews","Side B: Virginia Mathews; Bookmobile; Bruce Oliver; Norman Cousins","Side A: Professor Stan Idzerda; Julie James; Elnora Betsy Ross (Ray of Hope); Tom McCall","Side B: Tom McCall (cont'd); Jim Green; Jane Anderson Gunn; Pat Walker (bar owner)","Librarian (cont'd); Russ Wiggins; Lady Bible; John Hancock, Nuremburg Testimonies; Joe Howland (The Tru Believer); Manager (Education Our Daughter)","Side A: Sue Stacy; Edwin Busick; Kathy Coster","Side B: Kathy Coster (cont'd); Sue Stacy","Side A: Interview (no name given); Nancy Larrick on reading; Irish Tom Campbell","Side B: Sabines (miscellaneous)","Side A: Person in State Department of Commerce, Hawaii; Mr. Amburgey, Asst. Commissioner of Education in Colorado; Utah Bookmobiles; John Zangmeister; Book Service to Alaskans","Side B: Book Service to Alaskans (cont'd), Woman from Syria, Great Expectations","Side A: Bess Sheller","Side B: Silvia Barsuyan; Henry Dubinsky; Becky Pippert, Camping and Woodcraft; Head of Recreation, Richard A. Tapply; Man writing his memoirs; Eugene Power","Side A: Cat's Cradle; Voltaire's Candide, Willard Thompson; Sue Stacy","Side B: Firefighter, Clough; Augusta Baker; Dr. Kein; Melton; Sue Stacy; Marie Davis","Side A: Pat Walker; Dorothy Moeller","Side B: Art Smith, Shakespeare; Postman, Our Plundered Planet; Dan Lacy; Why people don't read (Nault); Susan Stamberg","Side A: The Scottish Chiefs, The White Company, The Belgian Twings); Henry Taylor; Book about Clarence Darrow; Aristotle's Poetics; Sol Gordon; Candle maker; The Deaf","Side B: Jane Howard; Doris Saunders; Betty Elliott; Minister's Daughter","Side A: Director of Energy Research Lab; Man in Washington who served on committee in State Department","Side B: The Americanization of Edward Buck; Nevada State Librarian; Book service to \"Cathouses\"; The Adveturers (Shirley); Crime and Punishment ; Alaska mail delivery; Elizabeth Yon; Sue Stacey; Marie Davis; chatter","Side A: Woody Hayes; Ed Koopminers; Helen E. Lee; Reverend Mullins; Ed Koopminers; Bruce Dixon","Side B: Bruce Dixon; Zygmont Choroszy; Tim Melton; Hazel Dicken-Garcia; Tex Potter","Side A: Jimmy Carter's Pastor, The Book of Acts; Bruce Edwards; Mortimer Adler; R. T. Kingman; Sue Stacy","Side B: Sue Stacy (cont'd); Nancy Lopez Melton; Bill Branch","Side A: Catherine Gillie on reading","Side B: Crawford Lincoln Sturbridge; Gerald Utley; Catherine Gillie; Milton Caniff; Betty Elliot","Side A: George Wilson (Director of Interlochen); Reading Researcher","Side B: Poet, (Red Fox); Former President of Union and Lumber Inspec- tor; Zygmont Choroszy, underground newspaper in Poland","Side A: Englishman, Reading Without Nonsense; Washburn, Huckleberry Finn; Bessie Moore, Dictionary; Nichols; Paul Ouelette-Silver","Side B: Jeff MacNelly; Timothy Johnson; W. Lyle Eberhardt; Ed Newman; Babbitt; History book (no contact with non-whites); Speaking about Ghandi and Nehru; William Asp; Raymond Kuhn","Side A: Former bookmobile driver; Sue Stacy","Side B: Sue Stacy","Side A: Simon Michael Bessie, Harper \u0026 Row; Nathan Leblang, architect","Side B: Zygmont Choroszy; Robert B. Downs","Side A: M/chf. Ray Kuhn; Mac Bundy; Leon Somat; Rabbi Friehof; Don Lee Keith","Side B: Piano player; Ruby Bridges; Jeff McNelly; Connie Kay; Tony Randall; Andy Rooney","Side A: Andy Rooney; Barbara Bannon; Herb Simon; Zygmont Choroszy","Side B: Irv Kupcinet; Studs Terkel; Bob Cromie; Barbara Moro","Side A: Lady from Publishing Co.; Rita Furst; Clay Herrick; McClennan; Tom Barensfeld with Board of Education, Andre Cristo; Virginia Matthews, Nancy Oakley","Side B: blank","Side A: Cohn","Side B: Man who has passages in a book marked","Backup for Reel Tape of BTMTD Interview excerpts","Side A: Helen Hoke Watts","Side B: Helen Hoke Watts","WRNG in Atlanta - Ray Mooney interview show, August 2, 1980","\"4/6/81 BTMTD\"","Side A: Jonard","Side B: Linda Letizia","Side A: Linda Letizia (cont'd)","Side B: Ragland","Side A: Ross","Side B: Fleharty (in Alaska)","Side A: Hart","Side B: Branch","Side A: Blue Collar Journal","Side B: Ann Garcia","Side A: 60 Minutes Self-Examination","Side B: 60 Minutes (cont'd); Coster","Side A: Ross; Hart","Side B: Dottie Lamm","Radio Call-in Show with Jim Eason","1/27/81 Gordon Sabine Interview - aired as Public Affairs Pro- gram on WVWR in Roanoke, VA on 2/18/81","copy of Tape 70","Gordon Sabine speech about BTMTD (for Center for the Book?), April, 1981","\"All Things Considered\" interview—National Public Radio, 2/6/81. Gordon Sabine interviewed by Susan Stamberg.","\"All Things Considered,\" National Public Radio, March, 1981. Susan Stamberg reads letters in answer to request for listeners to write in about significant books.","\"Virginia Bookshelf\"—Gordon and Patricia Sabine interviewed by Seth Williamson, 1981?"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2d9d2b382bcab4f8f68c63647c658356\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Books That Made the Difference Project Collection consists of subject files, clippings, correspondence, manuscript drafts, and audio-visual materials. The project was conceived in l980 by Ann Heidbreder Eastman, formerly of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and executed by Gordon A. Sabine, formerly a professor at this university, and his wife Patricia, who interviewed people across the country, asking what book made the greatest difference in their lives, and what was that difference. The responses were collected for a book, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBooks That Made the Difference: What People Told Us\u003c/title\u003e, published by Shoe String Press in 1983. The theme of \"Books Make a Difference\" has been, and still is, used by public libraries for public relations campaigns. Noteworthy aspects of the collection include the 1983 book and the 1985 abridged version published by the Book-of-the-Month Club, and the original cassette tapes used by the Sabines to record the interviews.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Books That Made the Difference Project Collection consists of subject files, clippings, correspondence, manuscript drafts, and audio-visual materials. The project was conceived in l980 by Ann Heidbreder Eastman, formerly of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and executed by Gordon A. Sabine, formerly a professor at this university, and his wife Patricia, who interviewed people across the country, asking what book made the greatest difference in their lives, and what was that difference. The responses were collected for a book, Books That Made the Difference: What People Told Us, published by Shoe String Press in 1983. The theme of \"Books Make a Difference\" has been, and still is, used by public libraries for public relations campaigns. Noteworthy aspects of the collection include the 1983 book and the 1985 abridged version published by the Book-of-the-Month Club, and the original cassette tapes used by the Sabines to record the interviews."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Arts and Sciences (1970-2003)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Arts and Sciences (1970-2003)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"persname_ssim":["Sabine, Gordon","Sabine, Patricia","Eastman, Ann Heidbreder"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Arts and Sciences (1970-2003)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Sabine, Gordon","Sabine, Patricia","Eastman, Ann Heidbreder"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":139,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:44:57.607Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1408","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1408","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1408","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1408","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1408.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Books That Made the Difference Project Collection","title_ssm":["Books That Made the Difference Project Collection"],"title_tesim":["Books That Made the Difference Project Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1980-1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1980-1986"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1980/1986"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Books That Made the Difference Project Collection, 1980/1986"],"text":["Books That Made the Difference Project Collection, 1980/1986","Ms.1985.003","Faculty and staff","University History","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by type of material.","In a project jointly sponsored by the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress and the College of Arts and Sciences of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or Virginia Tech, the Books That Made the Difference (BTMTD) Project sought to discover how important a role books played in shaping people's lives. The project was planned, administered, and promoted by Ann Heidbreder Eastman, Director of Public Affairs Programs, College of Arts and Sciences, at Virginia Tech, and executed by Gordon Sabine, a professor of journalism at Virginia Tech, and his wife Patricia, an assistant professor at Ohio State University. The Sabines traveled across the country from July 1980 to March 1981, interviewed approximately 1,400 Americans, and asked them two questions: What book made the greatest difference in your life, and what was that difference? They interviewed a panoply of people, from celebrities and authors to farmers and laborers, who named books from the Bible to Raggedy Ann. The answers were collected for a book published in 1983 by Shoe String Press, Books That Made the Difference: What People Told Us. In addition, the Books Make a Difference (BMAD) idea was promoted nationally with, for example, Gordon Sabine's interview on National Public Radio's \"All Things Considered\" in which listeners were asked to write NPR about significant books in their lives, and as the theme of national library ceremonies, such as the American Book Awards. The concept was also used on a local scale, from promotional ideas for libraries given in the back of the book. In 1985 the Book-of-the-Month Club published an abridged version of the book.","The guide to the Books That Made the Difference Project Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Books That Made the Difference Project Collection commenced and was completed in 1986. Additional description was completed in 2010.","The collection consists of Administration and Promotion subject files, Center for the Book material, magazine and newspaper clippings, correspondence, manuscript drafts, Book-of-the-Month Club material, and audio-visual material.","The Administration and Promotion subject files are arranged in rough chronological order. The Public Relations survey involved a form sent to public librarians asking about effective ways to promote read ing. The Spokane Public Library material includes ideas to promote adult literacy and information on their efforts to boost reading through the use of television. The Dana Library Public Relations Awards contest and the Library Awareness Idea Search were entered by Eastman with the BMAD concept. The BTMTD Kit, which is included with this material, never proved successful. Poster Sessions refers to the use of a BMAD exhibit at the 1982 American Library Association meeting. PM Magazine material includes information on the possibility of a BTMTD spot on the show. Susan Neuman material relates to this professor's research at Eastern Connecticut State University of children's reading habits and Neuman's inquiries to Eastman for duplicates of the recorded interviews. The Sabines' Houston presentation was made at Westfield High School in the Spring Independent School District, October 2-3, l984. The Sabines' conclusions focus on their summation about the difference books make to different people. Reader's Digest material consists of mostly manu script fragments of the book organized by Gordon Sabine for an article that was submitted to but never published by Reader's Digest. Miscellaneous administrative information consists mostly of memos, ALA and agent's information, notes, clippings, etc.","The Center for the Book material includes meeting reports of, and publicity for, the BTMTD project.","The clippings are primarily about the BTMTD project, with a few scattered throughout on other related topics.","The correspondence consists of copies of the initial letters Eastman sent to State Librarians about the project, requests for information and materials from librarians, letters of inquiry about the project to the Center for the Book, and Walter Matthau's 1980 letter to the Sabines about his most meaningful book. Also included in the correspondence are the letters written to NPR in response to their request for listeners' to write in what book made the difference in their lives.","The book manuscripts include a card file of notes for the book, as well as drafts and cut- up fragments of the book. Book copy refers to a xerox copy of the finished book. A first edition copy of the book, Books That Made the Difference: What People Told Us is also included in the manuscripts section.","The Book-of-the-Month Club material includes a copy of its 1985 version of the book (pages 1-128 of the original Shoe String Press edition), as well as miscellaneous project material pertaining to the Book- of-the-Month Club.","The Audio-Visual material includes photographs, contact sheets, and negatives of interviewees in the project. One photograph is of Gordon Sabine at a teletype machine for deaf library users at the Free Library of Philadelphia and another is of him interviewing a woman on the beach at Sanibel. The order of the contact sheets and negatives follows the Sabines' trail around the country. See Container List for complete listing. Of the four 8-track tapes, one is of Susan Stamberg's NPR interview with Gordon Sabine, the second of an interview with Robert Cromie of Chicago, Illinois, the third is entitled \"Eastman MS w/excerpts from BTMTD speech\", and the last is of \"various interviews.\" The slides are of interviewees. The videotapes include two U-matic cassettes, one labeled \"Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Sabine, BTMTD, Black and White, no Sound\", and the other of the BMAD slides which has a list accompany ing it. Another videotape is from the April 1981 BTMTD presentation for the Center for the Book, and a fourth is marked \"Contents unknown\". The interview tapes include conversations with such noteworthy people as Daniel Boorstin, Woody Hayes, Clare Booth Luce, Dottie Lamm, William G. Milliken, Studs Terkel, Andy Rooney, Edgar Bergen, Sam Bass Warner, Tony Randall, Barbara Tuchman, and Susan Stamberg. The interviewees on Tape are listed in a separate cassette index, appended to the back of the container list.","Contact Sheets and NegativesFt. Myers; Sanibel Island; Stone Mountain (Atlanta, Georgia)Florida; New JerseyAtlanta, Georgia; Indian ReservationGrand CanyonDenver; San Francisco; HoustonSan Francisco (John Frantz, Ernie Gaines, Ferlenghetti); Concord, CaliforniaPhoenixIdaho (mayor to wheat farmer)New York, New York; PhiladelphiaWellesley, Massachusetts","Side A: St. Petersburg man; Emma Simpson, 81 year-old lady; 100-year-old lady; Manchild and the Promised Land; Helen Bradley; Island of the Blue Dolphins","Side B: Edgar Bergen; Mr. Degruy; Master's student, encyclopedias; Cora Groff; Dan Runge; Sarah Cook; Harry Wharton, postal clerk; Joan Hopkins; Ringling Art Librarian; David Williams (blind); Frank Cucksey","Side A: Aldrane Schuchmann; Bill Stonex; Kercher; Dauthtroy; Ann Marie Costa; Dan Bernstein; Bruce Sparks; Mark Goumas","Side B: Morris; Blue; Steffan Mallory and Tonya; Lois Rice; Ken Stevenson","Side A: Librarian from Georgia; Anne Russell; Mary Rheay; Colleen; Thomas Moore; Jack Kraus; Mary Warren; Alma Greene; Sybil Bain; Roxanna Austin","Side B: Ella Yates, Hawaii; Army rules and regulations; John Harte; Christopher Kane; Dr. Ellwood Boddie; France Fritzen; Judy Albright; Casper Jordan","Side A: Willis Johnson; Vincent Davis, Native Son; V.P. Rush Honda, comic books; about George Bernard Shaw (Shaw Society)","Side B: About George Bernard Shaw (con't); Bonnie Miller; Weller; About Carol Burnett; Sue Stacy","Side A: Ft. Sumter (then speeds up, cannot be understood on this recorder)","\"Family Business\"","Side A: Gordon Canterbury; South African, Cry the Beloved Country; Mark Grubham; Arthur Brown; Mr. Linstrom; Nancy White; Joy Culp, Spokane, WA","Side B: Leon Skip Roland; Utah Phillips; Barbara Scott; more on Joy Culp; info on Joy Culp's driver Kathy; Ron Dubberly","Side A: Mr. Stuntz, guide and ticket seller at Tom Edison's house, Dan Youman; Josephine Mannella; (static...); Elizabeth Bryan; James Letizia","Side B: James Letizia (cont.); Linda Letizia; Anne Dennis, Jonathan Livingston Seagull ; Dr. Marvin Odro; Bruce Hugh, Peter Marshall; (static...); Teacher in Canada; Mrs. Payne","Side A: Joan and Malcolm Miller, High Ice","Side B: Malcolm Miller (cont'd); Mary Poppins; Textbook; Cope Gall Jr., Grapes of Wrath; Mr. Nelson; Gary Morris; Boy Scout Handbook; Irv Brown, Cry the Beloved Country","Side A: Mrs. Pond, Seattle, WA; Wainwright; Virgina Burnside; Ken Ragland; Don Zoller; Ben Moon Railroad, sailor; Fisherman from Norway","Side B: blank","Side A: blank","Side B: Roy Beck; W. R. Henderson; Minton Moore; Mr. Meek; Luther Baker; David Perkins; Sterling and Elizabeth Hinman; Mr Beach; Mr. Dabney","Side A: Mark Couchman, The Monkey Wrench Gang; Beth Stolzy; Jane Diaz; Rev. Ramsey; Jane Diaz (again); stewardess; Ed Byers; Seibel; Mary Anne Toliver: Mrs. DeReemer; Pauley","Side B: Pauley (cont'd); Ellen Crowley; Shirley Wittler; Halliburton Books; Boorstin's History Books; Little Anna of Lapland; G. Henney's Books; Lawrence Webber, (children should be read to); real estate consultant; Edgar Rice Burrough's books","Side A: Tarzan, Zane Grey Books; Henry Shearouse; Lee Ambrose, The Fountain Pen; college course called \"Age of Johnson\"; Glenn Holliday; Ellen Kessler, PASSAGES","Side B: Dottie Lamm, Working It Out; Father Woodridge","Side A: Bill Barrett, author of Lilies of the Field and The Left Hand of God; Howlet; John Gardner's Excellence; John Murdock; Owner of a gold mine, Jesse Peterson","Side B: Das Kapital, Mary Kennelli; Jahn McCardy; John Frantz; Jade Snow Wong; black writer","Side A: Autobiographies; Poet, The Literary San Francisco Coney Island of the Mind; Positive Thinking, guide in Barringer Vineyards; Betty Theriot, Book of Mormon; Books on child rearing, Peresia Jackson; Rrobert Yamada","Side B: Mary Kraetzer; Asst. Librarian; Gunther Barth","Side A: Ed McMillan; (Nobel)","Side B: Mendlesohn; woman who works on The Examiner; Elwood Nestler","Side A: Greg Rayner; Louie Welch; Librarian; Mike Benedict; Penrod","Side B: Librarian; Boy Scout Handbook; Chester Rozell; Willia Carey Graves; D.D. Lewis","Side A: The Late Great Planet Earth; Stanley Marcus; Doorman; Patricia Sabine","Side B: blank","Side A: Sylvia Batenhorst","Side B: Sylvia Batenhorst; Green River Bar, Alice Wenner","Side A: Gerhard Zuther; Alex Lazzarrino; Lonnie Tilley, books by Roy Rogers; Frank Hulac","Side B: Joe Kimbrough; Fr. Alan Moss; Carol Chrislock; Gail See; Harold Kittleson","Side A: Zygmont Choroszy, concentration camp survivor","Side B: Zygmont Choroszy","Side A: Steve Nisbet; Louise Pratt Calcott; Roland Robbins","Side B: Roland Robbins","Side A: Roland Robbins (talking about Thoreau)","Side B: Robbins (cont'd); Edna Heidbreder; Jane Gorden at Alcott House","Side A: Bert Perkins; Edgar Allen, Sherlock Holmes; Leonard Quintavalla, U.S.S. Constitution; Durgur Park Waitress; David McCord; General Gavin","Side B: George Gloss; Fenn; Sam Bass Warner; Tonroy","Side A: Tonroy, Vanity Fair; Florence Ladd; Writer in residence at Emerson College; Millions of Cats","Side B: Woman from Peron's Argentina (Manti); Newman's idea of the University, The Second Spring; Jane Manthorne, The Little Matchgirl, The Man Without a Country; Danny Thiel; Anthony Buscetti","Side A: Unidentified man; Clara Garcia; Alberto Barreto","Side B: Alberto Barreto (cont'd); Maria Sanchez; Mayor Willian Musso; Steven Aschoff; Jim Moomaw; Bob Van Dyne","Side A: Bob Van Dyne; Bea MacDdonald; Fred Crossland; Marie Davis; Mary Flournoy","Side B: Mary Flournoy; Hagemayer; Bill Andrews; Debbie Andrews; Wes Pippert","Side A: Ed Newman; Nina Keenan; Tom Keenan","Side B: Tom Keenan (cont'd); James Fox (cop); Family business","Side A: William G. Milliken (Governor of Michigan); Bob Cromie; Bill Veeck; Kerri Byrnes","Side B: Clare Booth Luce; Paul Tibbets","Side A: Paul Tibbets; Dr. Mayberry Mayo; Paul Tibbets; War and Rememberance; Pat Bartlett","Side B: About Richard Burton; Bobbie Estrada; Jeanne Hart","Side A: Woman in Indian Community; Bundy; Paul Beach; Pat Walker; Stacy; Fellow Graduate from University of Wisconsin","Side B: Marcus Cohn; Minnie Pearl; Ann Eastman","Side A: John Gardner","Side B: Electronic reader for the Blind","Side A: Blank except for a small clip from a broadcast, Daniel Boorstin","Side B: blank","Side A: Ruth Boorstin","Side B: Susan Stamberg","Side A: Dan Fader, English Professor from Baltimore","Side B: Dan Fader (cont'd); Prof. John Forsythe; Mechanical Engineer; Phil Samson","Side A: Charlotte Huck","Side B: Charlotte Huck (cont'd); Les and Dorothy Moeller, The Limits to Growth; Ralph Reeder; Earl Butz; Man at Nrao (astronomer)","Side A: Pastor's Wife, Sue Stacy; Forever Amber; A Farewell to Arms; Dick Stoufer; The New Science Politics; Norman Cousins; Virginia Mathews","Side B: Virginia Mathews; Bookmobile; Bruce Oliver; Norman Cousins","Side A: Professor Stan Idzerda; Julie James; Elnora Betsy Ross (Ray of Hope); Tom McCall","Side B: Tom McCall (cont'd); Jim Green; Jane Anderson Gunn; Pat Walker (bar owner)","Librarian (cont'd); Russ Wiggins; Lady Bible; John Hancock, Nuremburg Testimonies; Joe Howland (The Tru Believer); Manager (Education Our Daughter)","Side A: Sue Stacy; Edwin Busick; Kathy Coster","Side B: Kathy Coster (cont'd); Sue Stacy","Side A: Interview (no name given); Nancy Larrick on reading; Irish Tom Campbell","Side B: Sabines (miscellaneous)","Side A: Person in State Department of Commerce, Hawaii; Mr. Amburgey, Asst. Commissioner of Education in Colorado; Utah Bookmobiles; John Zangmeister; Book Service to Alaskans","Side B: Book Service to Alaskans (cont'd), Woman from Syria, Great Expectations","Side A: Bess Sheller","Side B: Silvia Barsuyan; Henry Dubinsky; Becky Pippert, Camping and Woodcraft; Head of Recreation, Richard A. Tapply; Man writing his memoirs; Eugene Power","Side A: Cat's Cradle; Voltaire's Candide, Willard Thompson; Sue Stacy","Side B: Firefighter, Clough; Augusta Baker; Dr. Kein; Melton; Sue Stacy; Marie Davis","Side A: Pat Walker; Dorothy Moeller","Side B: Art Smith, Shakespeare; Postman, Our Plundered Planet; Dan Lacy; Why people don't read (Nault); Susan Stamberg","Side A: The Scottish Chiefs, The White Company, The Belgian Twings); Henry Taylor; Book about Clarence Darrow; Aristotle's Poetics; Sol Gordon; Candle maker; The Deaf","Side B: Jane Howard; Doris Saunders; Betty Elliott; Minister's Daughter","Side A: Director of Energy Research Lab; Man in Washington who served on committee in State Department","Side B: The Americanization of Edward Buck; Nevada State Librarian; Book service to \"Cathouses\"; The Adveturers (Shirley); Crime and Punishment ; Alaska mail delivery; Elizabeth Yon; Sue Stacey; Marie Davis; chatter","Side A: Woody Hayes; Ed Koopminers; Helen E. Lee; Reverend Mullins; Ed Koopminers; Bruce Dixon","Side B: Bruce Dixon; Zygmont Choroszy; Tim Melton; Hazel Dicken-Garcia; Tex Potter","Side A: Jimmy Carter's Pastor, The Book of Acts; Bruce Edwards; Mortimer Adler; R. T. Kingman; Sue Stacy","Side B: Sue Stacy (cont'd); Nancy Lopez Melton; Bill Branch","Side A: Catherine Gillie on reading","Side B: Crawford Lincoln Sturbridge; Gerald Utley; Catherine Gillie; Milton Caniff; Betty Elliot","Side A: George Wilson (Director of Interlochen); Reading Researcher","Side B: Poet, (Red Fox); Former President of Union and Lumber Inspec- tor; Zygmont Choroszy, underground newspaper in Poland","Side A: Englishman, Reading Without Nonsense; Washburn, Huckleberry Finn; Bessie Moore, Dictionary; Nichols; Paul Ouelette-Silver","Side B: Jeff MacNelly; Timothy Johnson; W. Lyle Eberhardt; Ed Newman; Babbitt; History book (no contact with non-whites); Speaking about Ghandi and Nehru; William Asp; Raymond Kuhn","Side A: Former bookmobile driver; Sue Stacy","Side B: Sue Stacy","Side A: Simon Michael Bessie, Harper \u0026 Row; Nathan Leblang, architect","Side B: Zygmont Choroszy; Robert B. Downs","Side A: M/chf. Ray Kuhn; Mac Bundy; Leon Somat; Rabbi Friehof; Don Lee Keith","Side B: Piano player; Ruby Bridges; Jeff McNelly; Connie Kay; Tony Randall; Andy Rooney","Side A: Andy Rooney; Barbara Bannon; Herb Simon; Zygmont Choroszy","Side B: Irv Kupcinet; Studs Terkel; Bob Cromie; Barbara Moro","Side A: Lady from Publishing Co.; Rita Furst; Clay Herrick; McClennan; Tom Barensfeld with Board of Education, Andre Cristo; Virginia Matthews, Nancy Oakley","Side B: blank","Side A: Cohn","Side B: Man who has passages in a book marked","Backup for Reel Tape of BTMTD Interview excerpts","Side A: Helen Hoke Watts","Side B: Helen Hoke Watts","WRNG in Atlanta - Ray Mooney interview show, August 2, 1980","\"4/6/81 BTMTD\"","Side A: Jonard","Side B: Linda Letizia","Side A: Linda Letizia (cont'd)","Side B: Ragland","Side A: Ross","Side B: Fleharty (in Alaska)","Side A: Hart","Side B: Branch","Side A: Blue Collar Journal","Side B: Ann Garcia","Side A: 60 Minutes Self-Examination","Side B: 60 Minutes (cont'd); Coster","Side A: Ross; Hart","Side B: Dottie Lamm","Radio Call-in Show with Jim Eason","1/27/81 Gordon Sabine Interview - aired as Public Affairs Pro- gram on WVWR in Roanoke, VA on 2/18/81","copy of Tape 70","Gordon Sabine speech about BTMTD (for Center for the Book?), April, 1981","\"All Things Considered\" interview—National Public Radio, 2/6/81. Gordon Sabine interviewed by Susan Stamberg.","\"All Things Considered,\" National Public Radio, March, 1981. Susan Stamberg reads letters in answer to request for listeners to write in about significant books.","\"Virginia Bookshelf\"—Gordon and Patricia Sabine interviewed by Seth Williamson, 1981?","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Books That Made the Difference Project Collection consists of subject files, clippings, correspondence, manuscript drafts, and audio-visual materials. The project was conceived in l980 by Ann Heidbreder Eastman, formerly of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and executed by Gordon A. Sabine, formerly a professor at this university, and his wife Patricia, who interviewed people across the country, asking what book made the greatest difference in their lives, and what was that difference. The responses were collected for a book, Books That Made the Difference: What People Told Us, published by Shoe String Press in 1983. The theme of \"Books Make a Difference\" has been, and still is, used by public libraries for public relations campaigns. Noteworthy aspects of the collection include the 1983 book and the 1985 abridged version published by the Book-of-the-Month Club, and the original cassette tapes used by the Sabines to record the interviews.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Arts and Sciences (1970-2003)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Sabine, Gordon","Sabine, Patricia","Eastman, Ann Heidbreder","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Books That Made the Difference Project Collection, 1980/1986"],"collection_ssim":["Books That Made the Difference Project Collection, 1980/1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1985.003"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1985.003"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Sabine, Gordon","Sabine, Patricia","Eastman, Ann Heidbreder"],"creator_ssim":["Sabine, Gordon","Sabine, Patricia","Eastman, Ann Heidbreder"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sabine, Gordon","Sabine, Patricia","Eastman, Ann Heidbreder"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Arts and Sciences (1970-2003)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"creators_ssim":["Sabine, Gordon","Sabine, Patricia","Eastman, Ann Heidbreder","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Arts and Sciences (1970-2003)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Books That Made the Difference Project Collection was donated to Special Collections in 1984, 1989, and 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","University History","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","University History","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Cubic Feet 8 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["5 Cubic Feet 8 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by type of material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by type of material."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn a project jointly sponsored by the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress and the College of Arts and Sciences of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or Virginia Tech, the Books That Made the Difference (BTMTD) Project sought to discover how important a role books played in shaping people's lives. The project was planned, administered, and promoted by Ann Heidbreder Eastman, Director of Public Affairs Programs, College of Arts and Sciences, at Virginia Tech, and executed by Gordon Sabine, a professor of journalism at Virginia Tech, and his wife Patricia, an assistant professor at Ohio State University. The Sabines traveled across the country from July 1980 to March 1981, interviewed approximately 1,400 Americans, and asked them two questions: What book made the greatest difference in your life, and what was that difference? They interviewed a panoply of people, from celebrities and authors to farmers and laborers, who named books from the Bible to \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRaggedy Ann\u003c/title\u003e. The answers were collected for a book published in 1983 by Shoe String Press, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBooks That Made the Difference: What People Told Us\u003c/title\u003e. In addition, the Books Make a Difference (BMAD) idea was promoted nationally with, for example, Gordon Sabine's interview on National Public Radio's \"All Things Considered\" in which listeners were asked to write NPR about significant books in their lives, and as the theme of national library ceremonies, such as the American Book Awards. The concept was also used on a local scale, from promotional ideas for libraries given in the back of the book. In 1985 the Book-of-the-Month Club published an abridged version of the book.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["In a project jointly sponsored by the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress and the College of Arts and Sciences of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or Virginia Tech, the Books That Made the Difference (BTMTD) Project sought to discover how important a role books played in shaping people's lives. The project was planned, administered, and promoted by Ann Heidbreder Eastman, Director of Public Affairs Programs, College of Arts and Sciences, at Virginia Tech, and executed by Gordon Sabine, a professor of journalism at Virginia Tech, and his wife Patricia, an assistant professor at Ohio State University. The Sabines traveled across the country from July 1980 to March 1981, interviewed approximately 1,400 Americans, and asked them two questions: What book made the greatest difference in your life, and what was that difference? They interviewed a panoply of people, from celebrities and authors to farmers and laborers, who named books from the Bible to Raggedy Ann. The answers were collected for a book published in 1983 by Shoe String Press, Books That Made the Difference: What People Told Us. In addition, the Books Make a Difference (BMAD) idea was promoted nationally with, for example, Gordon Sabine's interview on National Public Radio's \"All Things Considered\" in which listeners were asked to write NPR about significant books in their lives, and as the theme of national library ceremonies, such as the American Book Awards. The concept was also used on a local scale, from promotional ideas for libraries given in the back of the book. In 1985 the Book-of-the-Month Club published an abridged version of the book."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Books That Made the Difference Project Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Books That Made the Difference Project Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Books That Made the Difference Project Collection, Ms1985-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Books That Made the Difference Project Collection, Ms1985-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Books That Made the Difference Project Collection commenced and was completed in 1986. Additional description was completed in 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Books That Made the Difference Project Collection commenced and was completed in 1986. Additional description was completed in 2010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of Administration and Promotion subject files, Center for the Book material, magazine and newspaper clippings, correspondence, manuscript drafts, Book-of-the-Month Club material, and audio-visual material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Administration and Promotion subject files are arranged in rough chronological order. The Public Relations survey involved a form sent to public librarians asking about effective ways to promote read ing. The Spokane Public Library material includes ideas to promote adult literacy and information on their efforts to boost reading through the use of television. The Dana Library Public Relations Awards contest and the Library Awareness Idea Search were entered by Eastman with the BMAD concept. The BTMTD Kit, which is included with this material, never proved successful. Poster Sessions refers to the use of a BMAD exhibit at the 1982 American Library Association meeting. PM Magazine material includes information on the possibility of a BTMTD spot on the show. Susan Neuman material relates to this professor's research at Eastern Connecticut State University of children's reading habits and Neuman's inquiries to Eastman for duplicates of the recorded interviews. The Sabines' Houston presentation was made at Westfield High School in the Spring Independent School District, October 2-3, l984. The Sabines' conclusions focus on their summation about the difference books make to different people. \u003ctitle\u003eReader's Digest\u003c/title\u003e material consists of mostly manu script fragments of the book organized by Gordon Sabine for an article that was submitted to but never published by \u003ctitle\u003eReader's Digest\u003c/title\u003e. Miscellaneous administrative information consists mostly of memos, ALA and agent's information, notes, clippings, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Center for the Book material includes meeting reports of, and publicity for, the BTMTD project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe clippings are primarily about the BTMTD project, with a few scattered throughout on other related topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence consists of copies of the initial letters Eastman sent to State Librarians about the project, requests for information and materials from librarians, letters of inquiry about the project to the Center for the Book, and Walter Matthau's 1980 letter to the Sabines about his most meaningful book. Also included in the correspondence are the letters written to NPR in response to their request for listeners' to write in what book made the difference in their lives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe book manuscripts include a card file of notes for the book, as well as drafts and cut- up fragments of the book. Book copy refers to a xerox copy of the finished book. A first edition copy of the book, \u003ctitle\u003eBooks That Made the Difference: What People Told Us\u003c/title\u003e is also included in the manuscripts section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Book-of-the-Month Club material includes a copy of its 1985 version of the book (pages 1-128 of the original Shoe String Press edition), as well as miscellaneous project material pertaining to the Book- of-the-Month Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Audio-Visual material includes photographs, contact sheets, and negatives of interviewees in the project. One photograph is of Gordon Sabine at a teletype machine for deaf library users at the Free Library of Philadelphia and another is of him interviewing a woman on the beach at Sanibel. The order of the contact sheets and negatives follows the Sabines' trail around the country. See Container List for complete listing. Of the four 8-track tapes, one is of Susan Stamberg's NPR interview with Gordon Sabine, the second of an interview with Robert Cromie of Chicago, Illinois, the third is entitled \"Eastman MS w/excerpts from BTMTD speech\", and the last is of \"various interviews.\" The slides are of interviewees. The videotapes include two U-matic cassettes, one labeled \"Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Sabine, BTMTD, Black and White, no Sound\", and the other of the BMAD slides which has a list accompany ing it. Another videotape is from the April 1981 BTMTD presentation for the Center for the Book, and a fourth is marked \"Contents unknown\". The interview tapes include conversations with such noteworthy people as Daniel Boorstin, Woody Hayes, Clare Booth Luce, Dottie Lamm, William G. Milliken, Studs Terkel, Andy Rooney, Edgar Bergen, Sam Bass Warner, Tony Randall, Barbara Tuchman, and Susan Stamberg. The interviewees on Tape are listed in a separate cassette index, appended to the back of the container list.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003chead\u003eContact Sheets and Negatives\u003c/head\u003e\u003citem\u003eFt. Myers; Sanibel Island; Stone Mountain (Atlanta, Georgia)\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida; New Jersey\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAtlanta, Georgia; Indian Reservation\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGrand Canyon\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eDenver; San Francisco; Houston\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSan Francisco (John Frantz, Ernie Gaines, Ferlenghetti); Concord, California\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePhoenix\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eIdaho (mayor to wheat farmer)\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eNew York, New York; Philadelphia\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWellesley, Massachusetts\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: St. Petersburg man; Emma Simpson, 81 year-old lady; 100-year-old lady; \u003ctitle\u003eManchild and the Promised Land\u003c/title\u003e; Helen Bradley; \u003ctitle\u003eIsland of the Blue Dolphins\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Edgar Bergen; Mr. Degruy; Master's student, encyclopedias; Cora Groff; Dan Runge; Sarah Cook; Harry Wharton, postal clerk; Joan Hopkins; Ringling Art Librarian; David Williams (blind); Frank Cucksey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Aldrane Schuchmann; Bill Stonex; Kercher; Dauthtroy; Ann Marie Costa; Dan Bernstein; Bruce Sparks; Mark Goumas\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Morris; Blue; Steffan Mallory and Tonya; Lois Rice; Ken Stevenson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Librarian from Georgia; Anne Russell; Mary Rheay; Colleen; Thomas Moore; Jack Kraus; Mary Warren; Alma Greene; Sybil Bain; Roxanna Austin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Ella Yates, \u003ctitle\u003eHawaii\u003c/title\u003e; Army rules and regulations; John Harte; Christopher Kane; Dr. Ellwood Boddie; France Fritzen; Judy Albright; Casper Jordan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Willis Johnson; Vincent Davis, \u003ctitle\u003eNative Son\u003c/title\u003e; V.P. Rush Honda, comic books; about George Bernard Shaw (Shaw Society)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: About George Bernard Shaw (con't); Bonnie Miller; Weller; About Carol Burnett; Sue Stacy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Ft. Sumter (then speeds up, cannot be understood on this recorder)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Family Business\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Gordon Canterbury; South African, \u003ctitle\u003eCry the Beloved Country\u003c/title\u003e; Mark Grubham; Arthur Brown; Mr. Linstrom; Nancy White; Joy Culp, Spokane, WA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Leon Skip Roland; Utah Phillips; Barbara Scott; more on Joy Culp; info on Joy Culp's driver Kathy; Ron Dubberly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Mr. Stuntz, guide and ticket seller at Tom Edison's house, Dan Youman; Josephine Mannella; (static...); Elizabeth Bryan; James Letizia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: James Letizia (cont.); Linda Letizia; Anne Dennis, \u003ctitle\u003eJonathan Livingston Seagull\u003c/title\u003e ; Dr. Marvin Odro; Bruce Hugh, \u003ctitle\u003ePeter Marshall\u003c/title\u003e; (static...); Teacher in Canada; Mrs. Payne\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Joan and Malcolm Miller, \u003ctitle\u003eHigh Ice\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Malcolm Miller (cont'd); \u003ctitle\u003eMary Poppins\u003c/title\u003e; Textbook; Cope Gall Jr., \u003ctitle\u003eGrapes of Wrath\u003c/title\u003e; Mr. Nelson; Gary Morris; \u003ctitle\u003eBoy Scout Handbook\u003c/title\u003e; Irv Brown, \u003ctitle\u003eCry the Beloved Country\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Mrs. Pond, Seattle, WA; Wainwright; Virgina Burnside; Ken Ragland; Don Zoller; Ben Moon Railroad, sailor; Fisherman from Norway\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: blank\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: blank\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Roy Beck; W. R. Henderson; Minton Moore; Mr. Meek; Luther Baker; David Perkins; Sterling and Elizabeth Hinman; Mr Beach; Mr. Dabney\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Mark Couchman, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Monkey Wrench Gang\u003c/title\u003e; Beth Stolzy; Jane Diaz; Rev. Ramsey; Jane Diaz (again); stewardess; Ed Byers; Seibel; Mary Anne Toliver: Mrs. DeReemer; Pauley\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Pauley (cont'd); Ellen Crowley; Shirley Wittler; Halliburton Books; Boorstin's History Books; \u003ctitle\u003eLittle Anna of Lapland\u003c/title\u003e; G. Henney's Books; Lawrence Webber, (children should be read to); real estate consultant; Edgar Rice Burrough's books\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: \u003ctitle\u003eTarzan\u003c/title\u003e, Zane Grey Books; Henry Shearouse; Lee Ambrose, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Fountain Pen\u003c/title\u003e; college course called \"Age of Johnson\"; Glenn Holliday; Ellen Kessler, PASSAGES\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Dottie Lamm, \u003ctitle\u003eWorking It Out\u003c/title\u003e; Father Woodridge\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Bill Barrett, author of \u003ctitle\u003eLilies of the Field\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Left Hand of God\u003c/title\u003e; Howlet; John Gardner's Excellence; John Murdock; Owner of a gold mine, Jesse Peterson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: \u003ctitle\u003eDas Kapital\u003c/title\u003e, Mary Kennelli; Jahn McCardy; John Frantz; Jade Snow Wong; black writer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Autobiographies; Poet, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Literary San Francisco Coney Island of the Mind\u003c/title\u003e; \u003ctitle\u003ePositive Thinking\u003c/title\u003e, guide in Barringer Vineyards; Betty Theriot, \u003ctitle\u003eBook of Mormon\u003c/title\u003e; Books on child rearing, Peresia Jackson; Rrobert Yamada\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Mary Kraetzer; Asst. Librarian; Gunther Barth\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Ed McMillan; (Nobel)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Mendlesohn; woman who works on \u003ctitle\u003eThe Examiner\u003c/title\u003e; Elwood Nestler\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Greg Rayner; Louie Welch; Librarian; Mike Benedict; \u003ctitle\u003ePenrod\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Librarian; \u003ctitle\u003eBoy Scout Handbook\u003c/title\u003e; Chester Rozell; Willia Carey Graves; D.D. Lewis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: \u003ctitle\u003eThe Late Great Planet Earth\u003c/title\u003e; Stanley Marcus; Doorman; Patricia Sabine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: blank\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Sylvia Batenhorst\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Sylvia Batenhorst; Green River Bar, Alice Wenner\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Gerhard Zuther; Alex Lazzarrino; Lonnie Tilley, books by Roy Rogers; Frank Hulac\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Joe Kimbrough; Fr. Alan Moss; Carol Chrislock; Gail See; Harold Kittleson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Zygmont Choroszy, concentration camp survivor \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Zygmont Choroszy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Steve Nisbet; Louise Pratt Calcott; Roland Robbins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Roland Robbins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Roland Robbins (talking about Thoreau)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Robbins (cont'd); Edna Heidbreder; Jane Gorden at Alcott House\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Bert Perkins; \u003ctitle\u003eEdgar Allen\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eSherlock Holmes\u003c/title\u003e; Leonard Quintavalla, U.S.S. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eConstitution\u003c/emph\u003e; Durgur Park Waitress; David McCord; General Gavin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: George Gloss; Fenn; Sam Bass Warner; Tonroy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Tonroy, \u003ctitle\u003eVanity Fair\u003c/title\u003e; Florence Ladd; Writer in residence at Emerson College; \u003ctitle\u003eMillions of Cats\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Woman from Peron's Argentina (Manti); \u003ctitle\u003eNewman's idea of the University\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Second Spring\u003c/title\u003e; Jane Manthorne, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Little Matchgirl\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Man Without a Country\u003c/title\u003e; Danny Thiel; Anthony Buscetti\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Unidentified man; Clara Garcia; Alberto Barreto\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Alberto Barreto (cont'd); Maria Sanchez; Mayor Willian Musso; Steven Aschoff; Jim Moomaw; Bob Van Dyne\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Bob Van Dyne; Bea MacDdonald; Fred Crossland; Marie Davis; Mary Flournoy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Mary Flournoy; Hagemayer; Bill Andrews; Debbie Andrews; Wes Pippert\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Ed Newman; Nina Keenan; Tom Keenan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Tom Keenan (cont'd); James Fox (cop); Family business\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: William G. Milliken (Governor of Michigan); Bob Cromie; Bill Veeck; Kerri Byrnes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Clare Booth Luce; Paul Tibbets\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Paul Tibbets; Dr. Mayberry Mayo; Paul Tibbets; \u003ctitle\u003eWar and Rememberance\u003c/title\u003e; Pat Bartlett \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: About Richard Burton; Bobbie Estrada; Jeanne Hart\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Woman in Indian Community; Bundy; Paul Beach; Pat Walker; Stacy; Fellow Graduate from University of Wisconsin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Marcus Cohn; Minnie Pearl; Ann Eastman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: John Gardner\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Electronic reader for the Blind\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Blank except for a small clip from a broadcast, Daniel Boorstin \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: blank\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Ruth Boorstin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Susan Stamberg\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Dan Fader, English Professor from Baltimore\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Dan Fader (cont'd); Prof. John Forsythe; Mechanical Engineer; Phil Samson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Charlotte Huck\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Charlotte Huck (cont'd); Les and Dorothy Moeller, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Limits to Growth\u003c/title\u003e; Ralph Reeder; Earl Butz; Man at Nrao (astronomer)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Pastor's Wife, Sue Stacy; \u003ctitle\u003eForever Amber\u003c/title\u003e; \u003ctitle\u003eA Farewell to Arms\u003c/title\u003e; Dick Stoufer; \u003ctitle\u003eThe New Science Politics\u003c/title\u003e; Norman Cousins; Virginia Mathews\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Virginia Mathews; Bookmobile; Bruce Oliver; Norman Cousins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Professor Stan Idzerda; Julie James; Elnora Betsy Ross (Ray of Hope); Tom McCall\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Tom McCall (cont'd); Jim Green; Jane Anderson Gunn; Pat Walker (bar owner)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian (cont'd); Russ Wiggins; \u003ctitle\u003eLady Bible\u003c/title\u003e; John Hancock, \u003ctitle\u003eNuremburg Testimonies\u003c/title\u003e; Joe Howland (\u003ctitle\u003eThe Tru Believer\u003c/title\u003e); Manager (\u003ctitle\u003eEducation Our Daughter\u003c/title\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Sue Stacy; Edwin Busick; Kathy Coster\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Kathy Coster (cont'd); Sue Stacy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Interview (no name given); Nancy Larrick on reading; Irish Tom Campbell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Sabines (miscellaneous)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Person in State Department of Commerce, \u003ctitle\u003eHawaii\u003c/title\u003e; Mr. Amburgey, Asst. Commissioner of Education in Colorado; Utah Bookmobiles; John Zangmeister; Book Service to Alaskans\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Book Service to Alaskans (cont'd), Woman from Syria, \u003ctitle\u003eGreat Expectations\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Bess Sheller\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Silvia Barsuyan; Henry Dubinsky; Becky Pippert, \u003ctitle\u003eCamping and Woodcraft\u003c/title\u003e; Head of Recreation, Richard A. Tapply; Man writing his memoirs; Eugene Power\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: \u003ctitle\u003eCat's Cradle\u003c/title\u003e; Voltaire's \u003ctitle\u003eCandide\u003c/title\u003e, Willard Thompson; Sue Stacy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: \u003ctitle\u003eFirefighter\u003c/title\u003e, Clough; Augusta Baker; Dr. Kein; Melton; Sue Stacy; Marie Davis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Pat Walker; Dorothy Moeller\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Art Smith, Shakespeare; Postman, \u003ctitle\u003eOur Plundered Planet\u003c/title\u003e; Dan Lacy; Why people don't read (Nault); Susan Stamberg\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: \u003ctitle\u003eThe Scottish Chiefs\u003c/title\u003e,\u003ctitle\u003e The White Company\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Belgian Twings\u003c/title\u003e); Henry Taylor; Book about Clarence Darrow; Aristotle's \u003ctitle\u003ePoetics\u003c/title\u003e; Sol Gordon; Candle maker; The Deaf\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Jane Howard; Doris Saunders; Betty Elliott; Minister's Daughter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Director of Energy Research Lab; Man in Washington who served on committee in State Department\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: \u003ctitle\u003eThe Americanization of Edward Buck\u003c/title\u003e; Nevada State Librarian; Book service to \"Cathouses\"; \u003ctitle\u003eThe Adveturers\u003c/title\u003e (Shirley); \u003ctitle\u003eCrime and Punishment\u003c/title\u003e ; Alaska mail delivery; Elizabeth Yon; Sue Stacey; Marie Davis; chatter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Woody Hayes; Ed Koopminers; Helen E. Lee; Reverend Mullins; Ed Koopminers; Bruce Dixon\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Bruce Dixon; Zygmont Choroszy; Tim Melton; Hazel Dicken-Garcia; Tex Potter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Jimmy Carter's Pastor, \u003ctitle\u003eThe Book of Acts\u003c/title\u003e; Bruce Edwards; Mortimer Adler; R. T. Kingman; Sue Stacy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Sue Stacy (cont'd); Nancy Lopez Melton; Bill Branch\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Catherine Gillie on reading\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Crawford Lincoln Sturbridge; Gerald Utley; Catherine Gillie; Milton Caniff; Betty Elliot\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: George Wilson (Director of Interlochen); Reading Researcher\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Poet, (\u003ctitle\u003eRed Fox\u003c/title\u003e); Former President of Union and Lumber Inspec- tor; Zygmont Choroszy, underground newspaper in Poland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Englishman, \u003ctitle\u003eReading Without Nonsense\u003c/title\u003e; Washburn, \u003ctitle\u003eHuckleberry Finn\u003c/title\u003e; Bessie Moore, Dictionary; Nichols; Paul Ouelette-Silver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Jeff MacNelly; Timothy Johnson; W. Lyle Eberhardt; Ed Newman; \u003ctitle\u003eBabbitt\u003c/title\u003e; History book (no contact with non-whites); Speaking about Ghandi and Nehru; William Asp; Raymond Kuhn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Former bookmobile driver; Sue Stacy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Sue Stacy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Simon Michael Bessie, Harper \u0026amp; Row; Nathan Leblang, architect\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Zygmont Choroszy; Robert B. Downs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: M/chf. Ray Kuhn; Mac Bundy; Leon Somat; Rabbi Friehof; Don Lee Keith\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Piano player; Ruby Bridges; Jeff McNelly; Connie Kay; Tony Randall; Andy Rooney\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Andy Rooney; Barbara Bannon; Herb Simon; Zygmont Choroszy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Irv Kupcinet; Studs Terkel; Bob Cromie; Barbara Moro\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Lady from Publishing Co.; Rita Furst; Clay Herrick; McClennan; Tom Barensfeld with Board of Education, Andre Cristo; Virginia Matthews, Nancy Oakley\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: blank\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Cohn\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Man who has passages in a book marked\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBackup for Reel Tape of BTMTD Interview excerpts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Helen Hoke Watts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Helen Hoke Watts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWRNG in Atlanta - Ray Mooney interview show, August 2, 1980\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"4/6/81 BTMTD\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Jonard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Linda Letizia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Linda Letizia (cont'd)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Ragland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Ross\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Fleharty (in Alaska)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Hart\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Branch\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: \u003ctitle\u003eBlue Collar Journal\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Ann Garcia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: 60 Minutes Self-Examination\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: 60 Minutes (cont'd); Coster \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide A: Ross; Hart\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSide B: Dottie Lamm\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRadio Call-in Show with Jim Eason\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1/27/81 Gordon Sabine Interview - aired as Public Affairs Pro- gram on WVWR in Roanoke, VA on 2/18/81\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecopy of Tape 70\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGordon Sabine speech about BTMTD (for Center for the Book?), April, 1981\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"All Things Considered\" interview—National Public Radio, 2/6/81. Gordon Sabine interviewed by Susan Stamberg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"All Things Considered,\" National Public Radio, March, 1981. Susan Stamberg reads letters in answer to request for listeners to write in about significant books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Virginia Bookshelf\"—Gordon and Patricia Sabine interviewed by Seth Williamson, 1981?\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of Administration and Promotion subject files, Center for the Book material, magazine and newspaper clippings, correspondence, manuscript drafts, Book-of-the-Month Club material, and audio-visual material.","The Administration and Promotion subject files are arranged in rough chronological order. The Public Relations survey involved a form sent to public librarians asking about effective ways to promote read ing. The Spokane Public Library material includes ideas to promote adult literacy and information on their efforts to boost reading through the use of television. The Dana Library Public Relations Awards contest and the Library Awareness Idea Search were entered by Eastman with the BMAD concept. The BTMTD Kit, which is included with this material, never proved successful. Poster Sessions refers to the use of a BMAD exhibit at the 1982 American Library Association meeting. PM Magazine material includes information on the possibility of a BTMTD spot on the show. Susan Neuman material relates to this professor's research at Eastern Connecticut State University of children's reading habits and Neuman's inquiries to Eastman for duplicates of the recorded interviews. The Sabines' Houston presentation was made at Westfield High School in the Spring Independent School District, October 2-3, l984. The Sabines' conclusions focus on their summation about the difference books make to different people. Reader's Digest material consists of mostly manu script fragments of the book organized by Gordon Sabine for an article that was submitted to but never published by Reader's Digest. Miscellaneous administrative information consists mostly of memos, ALA and agent's information, notes, clippings, etc.","The Center for the Book material includes meeting reports of, and publicity for, the BTMTD project.","The clippings are primarily about the BTMTD project, with a few scattered throughout on other related topics.","The correspondence consists of copies of the initial letters Eastman sent to State Librarians about the project, requests for information and materials from librarians, letters of inquiry about the project to the Center for the Book, and Walter Matthau's 1980 letter to the Sabines about his most meaningful book. Also included in the correspondence are the letters written to NPR in response to their request for listeners' to write in what book made the difference in their lives.","The book manuscripts include a card file of notes for the book, as well as drafts and cut- up fragments of the book. Book copy refers to a xerox copy of the finished book. A first edition copy of the book, Books That Made the Difference: What People Told Us is also included in the manuscripts section.","The Book-of-the-Month Club material includes a copy of its 1985 version of the book (pages 1-128 of the original Shoe String Press edition), as well as miscellaneous project material pertaining to the Book- of-the-Month Club.","The Audio-Visual material includes photographs, contact sheets, and negatives of interviewees in the project. One photograph is of Gordon Sabine at a teletype machine for deaf library users at the Free Library of Philadelphia and another is of him interviewing a woman on the beach at Sanibel. The order of the contact sheets and negatives follows the Sabines' trail around the country. See Container List for complete listing. Of the four 8-track tapes, one is of Susan Stamberg's NPR interview with Gordon Sabine, the second of an interview with Robert Cromie of Chicago, Illinois, the third is entitled \"Eastman MS w/excerpts from BTMTD speech\", and the last is of \"various interviews.\" The slides are of interviewees. The videotapes include two U-matic cassettes, one labeled \"Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Sabine, BTMTD, Black and White, no Sound\", and the other of the BMAD slides which has a list accompany ing it. Another videotape is from the April 1981 BTMTD presentation for the Center for the Book, and a fourth is marked \"Contents unknown\". The interview tapes include conversations with such noteworthy people as Daniel Boorstin, Woody Hayes, Clare Booth Luce, Dottie Lamm, William G. Milliken, Studs Terkel, Andy Rooney, Edgar Bergen, Sam Bass Warner, Tony Randall, Barbara Tuchman, and Susan Stamberg. The interviewees on Tape are listed in a separate cassette index, appended to the back of the container list.","Contact Sheets and NegativesFt. Myers; Sanibel Island; Stone Mountain (Atlanta, Georgia)Florida; New JerseyAtlanta, Georgia; Indian ReservationGrand CanyonDenver; San Francisco; HoustonSan Francisco (John Frantz, Ernie Gaines, Ferlenghetti); Concord, CaliforniaPhoenixIdaho (mayor to wheat farmer)New York, New York; PhiladelphiaWellesley, Massachusetts","Side A: St. Petersburg man; Emma Simpson, 81 year-old lady; 100-year-old lady; Manchild and the Promised Land; Helen Bradley; Island of the Blue Dolphins","Side B: Edgar Bergen; Mr. Degruy; Master's student, encyclopedias; Cora Groff; Dan Runge; Sarah Cook; Harry Wharton, postal clerk; Joan Hopkins; Ringling Art Librarian; David Williams (blind); Frank Cucksey","Side A: Aldrane Schuchmann; Bill Stonex; Kercher; Dauthtroy; Ann Marie Costa; Dan Bernstein; Bruce Sparks; Mark Goumas","Side B: Morris; Blue; Steffan Mallory and Tonya; Lois Rice; Ken Stevenson","Side A: Librarian from Georgia; Anne Russell; Mary Rheay; Colleen; Thomas Moore; Jack Kraus; Mary Warren; Alma Greene; Sybil Bain; Roxanna Austin","Side B: Ella Yates, Hawaii; Army rules and regulations; John Harte; Christopher Kane; Dr. Ellwood Boddie; France Fritzen; Judy Albright; Casper Jordan","Side A: Willis Johnson; Vincent Davis, Native Son; V.P. Rush Honda, comic books; about George Bernard Shaw (Shaw Society)","Side B: About George Bernard Shaw (con't); Bonnie Miller; Weller; About Carol Burnett; Sue Stacy","Side A: Ft. Sumter (then speeds up, cannot be understood on this recorder)","\"Family Business\"","Side A: Gordon Canterbury; South African, Cry the Beloved Country; Mark Grubham; Arthur Brown; Mr. Linstrom; Nancy White; Joy Culp, Spokane, WA","Side B: Leon Skip Roland; Utah Phillips; Barbara Scott; more on Joy Culp; info on Joy Culp's driver Kathy; Ron Dubberly","Side A: Mr. Stuntz, guide and ticket seller at Tom Edison's house, Dan Youman; Josephine Mannella; (static...); Elizabeth Bryan; James Letizia","Side B: James Letizia (cont.); Linda Letizia; Anne Dennis, Jonathan Livingston Seagull ; Dr. Marvin Odro; Bruce Hugh, Peter Marshall; (static...); Teacher in Canada; Mrs. Payne","Side A: Joan and Malcolm Miller, High Ice","Side B: Malcolm Miller (cont'd); Mary Poppins; Textbook; Cope Gall Jr., Grapes of Wrath; Mr. Nelson; Gary Morris; Boy Scout Handbook; Irv Brown, Cry the Beloved Country","Side A: Mrs. Pond, Seattle, WA; Wainwright; Virgina Burnside; Ken Ragland; Don Zoller; Ben Moon Railroad, sailor; Fisherman from Norway","Side B: blank","Side A: blank","Side B: Roy Beck; W. R. Henderson; Minton Moore; Mr. Meek; Luther Baker; David Perkins; Sterling and Elizabeth Hinman; Mr Beach; Mr. Dabney","Side A: Mark Couchman, The Monkey Wrench Gang; Beth Stolzy; Jane Diaz; Rev. Ramsey; Jane Diaz (again); stewardess; Ed Byers; Seibel; Mary Anne Toliver: Mrs. DeReemer; Pauley","Side B: Pauley (cont'd); Ellen Crowley; Shirley Wittler; Halliburton Books; Boorstin's History Books; Little Anna of Lapland; G. Henney's Books; Lawrence Webber, (children should be read to); real estate consultant; Edgar Rice Burrough's books","Side A: Tarzan, Zane Grey Books; Henry Shearouse; Lee Ambrose, The Fountain Pen; college course called \"Age of Johnson\"; Glenn Holliday; Ellen Kessler, PASSAGES","Side B: Dottie Lamm, Working It Out; Father Woodridge","Side A: Bill Barrett, author of Lilies of the Field and The Left Hand of God; Howlet; John Gardner's Excellence; John Murdock; Owner of a gold mine, Jesse Peterson","Side B: Das Kapital, Mary Kennelli; Jahn McCardy; John Frantz; Jade Snow Wong; black writer","Side A: Autobiographies; Poet, The Literary San Francisco Coney Island of the Mind; Positive Thinking, guide in Barringer Vineyards; Betty Theriot, Book of Mormon; Books on child rearing, Peresia Jackson; Rrobert Yamada","Side B: Mary Kraetzer; Asst. Librarian; Gunther Barth","Side A: Ed McMillan; (Nobel)","Side B: Mendlesohn; woman who works on The Examiner; Elwood Nestler","Side A: Greg Rayner; Louie Welch; Librarian; Mike Benedict; Penrod","Side B: Librarian; Boy Scout Handbook; Chester Rozell; Willia Carey Graves; D.D. Lewis","Side A: The Late Great Planet Earth; Stanley Marcus; Doorman; Patricia Sabine","Side B: blank","Side A: Sylvia Batenhorst","Side B: Sylvia Batenhorst; Green River Bar, Alice Wenner","Side A: Gerhard Zuther; Alex Lazzarrino; Lonnie Tilley, books by Roy Rogers; Frank Hulac","Side B: Joe Kimbrough; Fr. Alan Moss; Carol Chrislock; Gail See; Harold Kittleson","Side A: Zygmont Choroszy, concentration camp survivor","Side B: Zygmont Choroszy","Side A: Steve Nisbet; Louise Pratt Calcott; Roland Robbins","Side B: Roland Robbins","Side A: Roland Robbins (talking about Thoreau)","Side B: Robbins (cont'd); Edna Heidbreder; Jane Gorden at Alcott House","Side A: Bert Perkins; Edgar Allen, Sherlock Holmes; Leonard Quintavalla, U.S.S. Constitution; Durgur Park Waitress; David McCord; General Gavin","Side B: George Gloss; Fenn; Sam Bass Warner; Tonroy","Side A: Tonroy, Vanity Fair; Florence Ladd; Writer in residence at Emerson College; Millions of Cats","Side B: Woman from Peron's Argentina (Manti); Newman's idea of the University, The Second Spring; Jane Manthorne, The Little Matchgirl, The Man Without a Country; Danny Thiel; Anthony Buscetti","Side A: Unidentified man; Clara Garcia; Alberto Barreto","Side B: Alberto Barreto (cont'd); Maria Sanchez; Mayor Willian Musso; Steven Aschoff; Jim Moomaw; Bob Van Dyne","Side A: Bob Van Dyne; Bea MacDdonald; Fred Crossland; Marie Davis; Mary Flournoy","Side B: Mary Flournoy; Hagemayer; Bill Andrews; Debbie Andrews; Wes Pippert","Side A: Ed Newman; Nina Keenan; Tom Keenan","Side B: Tom Keenan (cont'd); James Fox (cop); Family business","Side A: William G. Milliken (Governor of Michigan); Bob Cromie; Bill Veeck; Kerri Byrnes","Side B: Clare Booth Luce; Paul Tibbets","Side A: Paul Tibbets; Dr. Mayberry Mayo; Paul Tibbets; War and Rememberance; Pat Bartlett","Side B: About Richard Burton; Bobbie Estrada; Jeanne Hart","Side A: Woman in Indian Community; Bundy; Paul Beach; Pat Walker; Stacy; Fellow Graduate from University of Wisconsin","Side B: Marcus Cohn; Minnie Pearl; Ann Eastman","Side A: John Gardner","Side B: Electronic reader for the Blind","Side A: Blank except for a small clip from a broadcast, Daniel Boorstin","Side B: blank","Side A: Ruth Boorstin","Side B: Susan Stamberg","Side A: Dan Fader, English Professor from Baltimore","Side B: Dan Fader (cont'd); Prof. John Forsythe; Mechanical Engineer; Phil Samson","Side A: Charlotte Huck","Side B: Charlotte Huck (cont'd); Les and Dorothy Moeller, The Limits to Growth; Ralph Reeder; Earl Butz; Man at Nrao (astronomer)","Side A: Pastor's Wife, Sue Stacy; Forever Amber; A Farewell to Arms; Dick Stoufer; The New Science Politics; Norman Cousins; Virginia Mathews","Side B: Virginia Mathews; Bookmobile; Bruce Oliver; Norman Cousins","Side A: Professor Stan Idzerda; Julie James; Elnora Betsy Ross (Ray of Hope); Tom McCall","Side B: Tom McCall (cont'd); Jim Green; Jane Anderson Gunn; Pat Walker (bar owner)","Librarian (cont'd); Russ Wiggins; Lady Bible; John Hancock, Nuremburg Testimonies; Joe Howland (The Tru Believer); Manager (Education Our Daughter)","Side A: Sue Stacy; Edwin Busick; Kathy Coster","Side B: Kathy Coster (cont'd); Sue Stacy","Side A: Interview (no name given); Nancy Larrick on reading; Irish Tom Campbell","Side B: Sabines (miscellaneous)","Side A: Person in State Department of Commerce, Hawaii; Mr. Amburgey, Asst. Commissioner of Education in Colorado; Utah Bookmobiles; John Zangmeister; Book Service to Alaskans","Side B: Book Service to Alaskans (cont'd), Woman from Syria, Great Expectations","Side A: Bess Sheller","Side B: Silvia Barsuyan; Henry Dubinsky; Becky Pippert, Camping and Woodcraft; Head of Recreation, Richard A. Tapply; Man writing his memoirs; Eugene Power","Side A: Cat's Cradle; Voltaire's Candide, Willard Thompson; Sue Stacy","Side B: Firefighter, Clough; Augusta Baker; Dr. Kein; Melton; Sue Stacy; Marie Davis","Side A: Pat Walker; Dorothy Moeller","Side B: Art Smith, Shakespeare; Postman, Our Plundered Planet; Dan Lacy; Why people don't read (Nault); Susan Stamberg","Side A: The Scottish Chiefs, The White Company, The Belgian Twings); Henry Taylor; Book about Clarence Darrow; Aristotle's Poetics; Sol Gordon; Candle maker; The Deaf","Side B: Jane Howard; Doris Saunders; Betty Elliott; Minister's Daughter","Side A: Director of Energy Research Lab; Man in Washington who served on committee in State Department","Side B: The Americanization of Edward Buck; Nevada State Librarian; Book service to \"Cathouses\"; The Adveturers (Shirley); Crime and Punishment ; Alaska mail delivery; Elizabeth Yon; Sue Stacey; Marie Davis; chatter","Side A: Woody Hayes; Ed Koopminers; Helen E. Lee; Reverend Mullins; Ed Koopminers; Bruce Dixon","Side B: Bruce Dixon; Zygmont Choroszy; Tim Melton; Hazel Dicken-Garcia; Tex Potter","Side A: Jimmy Carter's Pastor, The Book of Acts; Bruce Edwards; Mortimer Adler; R. T. Kingman; Sue Stacy","Side B: Sue Stacy (cont'd); Nancy Lopez Melton; Bill Branch","Side A: Catherine Gillie on reading","Side B: Crawford Lincoln Sturbridge; Gerald Utley; Catherine Gillie; Milton Caniff; Betty Elliot","Side A: George Wilson (Director of Interlochen); Reading Researcher","Side B: Poet, (Red Fox); Former President of Union and Lumber Inspec- tor; Zygmont Choroszy, underground newspaper in Poland","Side A: Englishman, Reading Without Nonsense; Washburn, Huckleberry Finn; Bessie Moore, Dictionary; Nichols; Paul Ouelette-Silver","Side B: Jeff MacNelly; Timothy Johnson; W. Lyle Eberhardt; Ed Newman; Babbitt; History book (no contact with non-whites); Speaking about Ghandi and Nehru; William Asp; Raymond Kuhn","Side A: Former bookmobile driver; Sue Stacy","Side B: Sue Stacy","Side A: Simon Michael Bessie, Harper \u0026 Row; Nathan Leblang, architect","Side B: Zygmont Choroszy; Robert B. Downs","Side A: M/chf. Ray Kuhn; Mac Bundy; Leon Somat; Rabbi Friehof; Don Lee Keith","Side B: Piano player; Ruby Bridges; Jeff McNelly; Connie Kay; Tony Randall; Andy Rooney","Side A: Andy Rooney; Barbara Bannon; Herb Simon; Zygmont Choroszy","Side B: Irv Kupcinet; Studs Terkel; Bob Cromie; Barbara Moro","Side A: Lady from Publishing Co.; Rita Furst; Clay Herrick; McClennan; Tom Barensfeld with Board of Education, Andre Cristo; Virginia Matthews, Nancy Oakley","Side B: blank","Side A: Cohn","Side B: Man who has passages in a book marked","Backup for Reel Tape of BTMTD Interview excerpts","Side A: Helen Hoke Watts","Side B: Helen Hoke Watts","WRNG in Atlanta - Ray Mooney interview show, August 2, 1980","\"4/6/81 BTMTD\"","Side A: Jonard","Side B: Linda Letizia","Side A: Linda Letizia (cont'd)","Side B: Ragland","Side A: Ross","Side B: Fleharty (in Alaska)","Side A: Hart","Side B: Branch","Side A: Blue Collar Journal","Side B: Ann Garcia","Side A: 60 Minutes Self-Examination","Side B: 60 Minutes (cont'd); Coster","Side A: Ross; Hart","Side B: Dottie Lamm","Radio Call-in Show with Jim Eason","1/27/81 Gordon Sabine Interview - aired as Public Affairs Pro- gram on WVWR in Roanoke, VA on 2/18/81","copy of Tape 70","Gordon Sabine speech about BTMTD (for Center for the Book?), April, 1981","\"All Things Considered\" interview—National Public Radio, 2/6/81. Gordon Sabine interviewed by Susan Stamberg.","\"All Things Considered,\" National Public Radio, March, 1981. Susan Stamberg reads letters in answer to request for listeners to write in about significant books.","\"Virginia Bookshelf\"—Gordon and Patricia Sabine interviewed by Seth Williamson, 1981?"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2d9d2b382bcab4f8f68c63647c658356\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Books That Made the Difference Project Collection consists of subject files, clippings, correspondence, manuscript drafts, and audio-visual materials. The project was conceived in l980 by Ann Heidbreder Eastman, formerly of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and executed by Gordon A. Sabine, formerly a professor at this university, and his wife Patricia, who interviewed people across the country, asking what book made the greatest difference in their lives, and what was that difference. The responses were collected for a book, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBooks That Made the Difference: What People Told Us\u003c/title\u003e, published by Shoe String Press in 1983. The theme of \"Books Make a Difference\" has been, and still is, used by public libraries for public relations campaigns. Noteworthy aspects of the collection include the 1983 book and the 1985 abridged version published by the Book-of-the-Month Club, and the original cassette tapes used by the Sabines to record the interviews.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Books That Made the Difference Project Collection consists of subject files, clippings, correspondence, manuscript drafts, and audio-visual materials. The project was conceived in l980 by Ann Heidbreder Eastman, formerly of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and executed by Gordon A. Sabine, formerly a professor at this university, and his wife Patricia, who interviewed people across the country, asking what book made the greatest difference in their lives, and what was that difference. The responses were collected for a book, Books That Made the Difference: What People Told Us, published by Shoe String Press in 1983. The theme of \"Books Make a Difference\" has been, and still is, used by public libraries for public relations campaigns. Noteworthy aspects of the collection include the 1983 book and the 1985 abridged version published by the Book-of-the-Month Club, and the original cassette tapes used by the Sabines to record the interviews."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Arts and Sciences (1970-2003)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Arts and Sciences (1970-2003)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"persname_ssim":["Sabine, Gordon","Sabine, Patricia","Eastman, Ann Heidbreder"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. College of Arts and Sciences (1970-2003)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Sabine, Gordon","Sabine, Patricia","Eastman, Ann Heidbreder"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":139,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:44:57.607Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1408"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","value":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","hits":306},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women+--+History\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women+--+History\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\"Glass Ceilings:  Highlights from the International Archive of Women in Architecture Center,\" selected exhibit panels, 2010","value":"\"Glass Ceilings:  Highlights from the International Archive of Women in Architecture Center,\" selected exhibit panels, 2010","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women+--+History\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=%22Glass+Ceilings%3A++Highlights+from+the+International+Archive+of+Women+in+Architecture+Center%2C%22+selected+exhibit+panels%2C+2010\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\"Many More: Women in Architecture, 1978-1988,\" Exhibit Files and Panels, 1987/1988","value":"\"Many More: Women in Architecture, 1978-1988,\" Exhibit Files and Panels, 1987/1988","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women+--+History\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=%22Many+More%3A+Women+in+Architecture%2C+1978-1988%2C%22+Exhibit+Files+and+Panels%2C+1987%2F1988\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\"More Than the Sum of Our Body Parts: An Exhibit by CARY, 1992-1993\", 1934/2000","value":"\"More Than the Sum of Our Body Parts: An Exhibit by CARY, 1992-1993\", 1934/2000","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women+--+History\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=%22More+Than+the+Sum+of+Our+Body+Parts%3A+An+Exhibit+by+CARY%2C+1992-1993%22%2C+1934%2F2000\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\"That Exceptional One: Women in American Architecture, 1888-1988,\" Exhibition, 1988","value":"\"That Exceptional One: Women in American Architecture, 1888-1988,\" Exhibition, 1988","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women+--+History\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=%22That+Exceptional+One%3A+Women+in+American+Architecture%2C+1888-1988%2C%22+Exhibition%2C+1988\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. 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