{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women+--+Education\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women+--+Education\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":7,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1891","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen, 1792","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1891#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Amanda Hall Rare Books","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1891#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a leather-bound handwritten manuscript copy of the 1789 Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen, comprising the preamble and all seventeen articles, produced by Jenny Ricard, a fourteen-year-old girl from Nîmes, France. Stamped on the front and back binding is \"LA LOI\" and \"LE ROI\" in gilt. The text is written in brown ink throughout, with decorative titles and section headings rendered in red ink and red capitals. The manuscript is signed at the end: \"Nîmes le 9 M[ars] 1792.\" Endpapers are painted red, with two notes of authorship on the initial blank, one in red ink and one in black ink. Two explanatory notes appear on the first blank leaf, written in red and black ink respectively. The first, in red ink, was written by Ernest Constant, who noted that the book was written by Jenny Michel née Ricard, his maternal grandmother, and reads: \"Ce livre a été écrit par ma grand mère maternelle...Elle avait 13 ans.\" A second note beneath it in black ink further identifies Jenny and her family connections to Nîmes and Cette, and records her death on February 12, 1777, at the age of 70.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1891#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1891","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1891","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1891","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1891","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1891.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241197","title_filing_ssi":"Declaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen","title_ssm":["Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen"],"title_tesim":["Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen"],"unitdate_ssm":["1792"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1792"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1792"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen, 1792"],"text":["Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen, 1792","MSS.16947","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1891","France","Human rights","Women -- Education","Good","This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.","This collection contains a leather-bound handwritten manuscript copy of the 1789 Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen, comprising the preamble and all seventeen articles, produced by Jenny Ricard, a fourteen-year-old girl from Nîmes, France. Stamped on the front and back binding is \"LA LOI\"  and \"LE ROI\" in gilt. The text is written in brown ink throughout, with decorative titles and section headings rendered in red ink and red capitals. The manuscript is signed at the end: \"Nîmes le 9 M[ars] 1792.\" Endpapers are painted red, with two notes of authorship on the initial blank, one in red ink and one in black ink. Two explanatory notes appear on the first blank leaf, written in red and black ink respectively. 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Stamped on the front and back binding is \"LA LOI\"  and \"LE ROI\" in gilt. The text is written in brown ink throughout, with decorative titles and section headings rendered in red ink and red capitals. The manuscript is signed at the end: \"Nîmes le 9 M[ars] 1792.\" Endpapers are painted red, with two notes of authorship on the initial blank, one in red ink and one in black ink. Two explanatory notes appear on the first blank leaf, written in red and black ink respectively. The first, in red ink, was written by Ernest Constant, who noted that the book was written by Jenny Michel née Ricard, his maternal grandmother, and reads: \"Ce livre a été écrit par ma grand mère maternelle...Elle avait 13 ans.\" A second note beneath it in black ink further identifies Jenny and her family connections to Nîmes and Cette, and records her death on February 12, 1777, at the age of 70.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a leather-bound handwritten manuscript copy of the 1789 Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen, comprising the preamble and all seventeen articles, produced by Jenny Ricard, a fourteen-year-old girl from Nîmes, France. Stamped on the front and back binding is \"LA LOI\"  and \"LE ROI\" in gilt. The text is written in brown ink throughout, with decorative titles and section headings rendered in red ink and red capitals. The manuscript is signed at the end: \"Nîmes le 9 M[ars] 1792.\" Endpapers are painted red, with two notes of authorship on the initial blank, one in red ink and one in black ink. Two explanatory notes appear on the first blank leaf, written in red and black ink respectively. The first, in red ink, was written by Ernest Constant, who noted that the book was written by Jenny Michel née Ricard, his maternal grandmother, and reads: \"Ce livre a été écrit par ma grand mère maternelle...Elle avait 13 ans.\" A second note beneath it in black ink further identifies Jenny and her family connections to Nîmes and Cette, and records her death on February 12, 1777, at the age of 70."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. 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Stamped on the front and back binding is \"LA LOI\"  and \"LE ROI\" in gilt. The text is written in brown ink throughout, with decorative titles and section headings rendered in red ink and red capitals. The manuscript is signed at the end: \"Nîmes le 9 M[ars] 1792.\" Endpapers are painted red, with two notes of authorship on the initial blank, one in red ink and one in black ink. Two explanatory notes appear on the first blank leaf, written in red and black ink respectively. 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NoC-US: No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Amanda Hall by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 4 March 2026."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Human rights","Women -- Education"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Human rights","Women -- Education"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-size file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-size file folder"],"date_range_isim":[1792],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16947, Declaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16947, Declaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a leather-bound handwritten manuscript copy of the 1789 Déclaration des droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen, comprising the preamble and all seventeen articles, produced by Jenny Ricard, a fourteen-year-old girl from Nîmes, France. Stamped on the front and back binding is \"LA LOI\"  and \"LE ROI\" in gilt. The text is written in brown ink throughout, with decorative titles and section headings rendered in red ink and red capitals. The manuscript is signed at the end: \"Nîmes le 9 M[ars] 1792.\" Endpapers are painted red, with two notes of authorship on the initial blank, one in red ink and one in black ink. Two explanatory notes appear on the first blank leaf, written in red and black ink respectively. 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The manuscript is signed at the end: \"Nîmes le 9 M[ars] 1792.\" Endpapers are painted red, with two notes of authorship on the initial blank, one in red ink and one in black ink. Two explanatory notes appear on the first blank leaf, written in red and black ink respectively. The first, in red ink, was written by Ernest Constant, who noted that the book was written by Jenny Michel née Ricard, his maternal grandmother, and reads: \"Ce livre a été écrit par ma grand mère maternelle...Elle avait 13 ans.\" A second note beneath it in black ink further identifies Jenny and her family connections to Nîmes and Cette, and records her death on February 12, 1777, at the age of 70."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. 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Bound in contemporary morocco with Essays of Emily Somerset embossed in gilt to front cover and has decorative endpapers. Adhered to front pastedown is a contemporary gift plate reading: \"E. Somerset from her cousin, C. Somerset, 1867\". A later gift inscription in pencil to verso of front endpaper, \"Annie Usher from her Uncle. November 28th 1923.\" The essay entries began in 1867 when Emily was eighteen. The manuscript contains twelve essays with decorative calligraphic head and tail pieces written over forty-five pages, with an additional three pages of recipes at the back of the book. Some essays, such as the opening title \"On self culture,\" reflect popular trends in education regarding women's physical and mental health (including the importance of balancing classroom time with exercise). Others suggest Emily's more individual interests or perceptions of the world conveyed in essays like \"Art and its effect upon us\" (August 1867), while others reveal her deep interest in literature like her February 17, 1868 essay \"On Books\" which argues for the importance of books and the consumption of literature. Entries end in 1873, leaving the latter half of the book blank. Emily became a Wesleyan schoolmistress and married schoolteacher William James Middleton in 1879. She died in 1921. The question remains whether Emily Somerset and the later owner, Annie Usher were related in some way, as Emily's death in 1921 is quite close to Annie's receipt of the manuscript as a gift in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1915#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1915","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1915","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1915","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1915","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1915.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241297","title_filing_ssi":"Somerset, Emily essay book","title_ssm":["Emily Somerset essay book"],"title_tesim":["Emily Somerset essay book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867-1873"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867-1873"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1867/1873"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Emily Somerset essay book, 1867/1873"],"text":["Emily Somerset essay book, 1867/1873","MSS.16962","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1915","Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Women -- Education","Good.","This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.","This collection contains an essay book belonging to Emily Somerset, who lived in England. Bound in contemporary morocco with Essays of Emily Somerset embossed in gilt to front cover and has decorative endpapers. Adhered to front pastedown is a contemporary gift plate reading: \"E. Somerset from her cousin, C. Somerset, 1867\". A later gift inscription in pencil to verso of front endpaper, \"Annie Usher from her Uncle. November 28th 1923.\" The essay entries began in 1867 when Emily was eighteen. The manuscript contains twelve essays with decorative calligraphic head and tail pieces written over forty-five pages, with an additional three pages of recipes at the back of the book. Some essays, such as the opening title \"On self culture,\" reflect popular trends in education regarding women's physical and mental health (including the importance of balancing classroom time with exercise). Others suggest Emily's more individual interests or perceptions of the world conveyed in essays like \"Art and its effect upon us\" (August 1867), while others reveal her deep interest in literature like her February 17, 1868 essay \"On Books\" which argues for the importance of books and the consumption of literature. Entries end in 1873, leaving the latter half of the book blank. Emily became a Wesleyan schoolmistress and married schoolteacher William James Middleton in 1879. She died in 1921. The question remains whether Emily Somerset and the later owner, Annie Usher were related in some way, as Emily's death in 1921 is quite close to Annie's receipt of the manuscript as a gift in 1923.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Emily Somerset essay book, 1867/1873"],"collection_ssim":["Emily Somerset essay book, 1867/1873"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16962","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1915"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16962","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1915"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Whitmore Rare Books by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 18 July 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Women -- Education"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Women -- Education"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-sized file folder."],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-sized file folder."],"date_range_isim":[1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16962, Emily Somerset essay book, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16962, Emily Somerset essay book, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an essay book belonging to Emily Somerset, who lived in England. Bound in contemporary morocco with Essays of Emily Somerset embossed in gilt to front cover and has decorative endpapers. Adhered to front pastedown is a contemporary gift plate reading: \"E. Somerset from her cousin, C. Somerset, 1867\". A later gift inscription in pencil to verso of front endpaper, \"Annie Usher from her Uncle. November 28th 1923.\" The essay entries began in 1867 when Emily was eighteen. The manuscript contains twelve essays with decorative calligraphic head and tail pieces written over forty-five pages, with an additional three pages of recipes at the back of the book. Some essays, such as the opening title \"On self culture,\" reflect popular trends in education regarding women's physical and mental health (including the importance of balancing classroom time with exercise). Others suggest Emily's more individual interests or perceptions of the world conveyed in essays like \"Art and its effect upon us\" (August 1867), while others reveal her deep interest in literature like her February 17, 1868 essay \"On Books\" which argues for the importance of books and the consumption of literature. Entries end in 1873, leaving the latter half of the book blank. Emily became a Wesleyan schoolmistress and married schoolteacher William James Middleton in 1879. She died in 1921. The question remains whether Emily Somerset and the later owner, Annie Usher were related in some way, as Emily's death in 1921 is quite close to Annie's receipt of the manuscript as a gift in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains an essay book belonging to Emily Somerset, who lived in England. Bound in contemporary morocco with Essays of Emily Somerset embossed in gilt to front cover and has decorative endpapers. Adhered to front pastedown is a contemporary gift plate reading: \"E. Somerset from her cousin, C. Somerset, 1867\". A later gift inscription in pencil to verso of front endpaper, \"Annie Usher from her Uncle. November 28th 1923.\" The essay entries began in 1867 when Emily was eighteen. The manuscript contains twelve essays with decorative calligraphic head and tail pieces written over forty-five pages, with an additional three pages of recipes at the back of the book. Some essays, such as the opening title \"On self culture,\" reflect popular trends in education regarding women's physical and mental health (including the importance of balancing classroom time with exercise). Others suggest Emily's more individual interests or perceptions of the world conveyed in essays like \"Art and its effect upon us\" (August 1867), while others reveal her deep interest in literature like her February 17, 1868 essay \"On Books\" which argues for the importance of books and the consumption of literature. Entries end in 1873, leaving the latter half of the book blank. Emily became a Wesleyan schoolmistress and married schoolteacher William James Middleton in 1879. She died in 1921. The question remains whether Emily Somerset and the later owner, Annie Usher were related in some way, as Emily's death in 1921 is quite close to Annie's receipt of the manuscript as a gift in 1923."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1915","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1915","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1915","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1915","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1915.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241297","title_filing_ssi":"Somerset, Emily essay book","title_ssm":["Emily Somerset essay book"],"title_tesim":["Emily Somerset essay book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867-1873"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867-1873"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1867/1873"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Emily Somerset essay book, 1867/1873"],"text":["Emily Somerset essay book, 1867/1873","MSS.16962","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1915","Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Women -- Education","Good.","This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.","This collection contains an essay book belonging to Emily Somerset, who lived in England. Bound in contemporary morocco with Essays of Emily Somerset embossed in gilt to front cover and has decorative endpapers. Adhered to front pastedown is a contemporary gift plate reading: \"E. Somerset from her cousin, C. Somerset, 1867\". A later gift inscription in pencil to verso of front endpaper, \"Annie Usher from her Uncle. November 28th 1923.\" The essay entries began in 1867 when Emily was eighteen. The manuscript contains twelve essays with decorative calligraphic head and tail pieces written over forty-five pages, with an additional three pages of recipes at the back of the book. Some essays, such as the opening title \"On self culture,\" reflect popular trends in education regarding women's physical and mental health (including the importance of balancing classroom time with exercise). Others suggest Emily's more individual interests or perceptions of the world conveyed in essays like \"Art and its effect upon us\" (August 1867), while others reveal her deep interest in literature like her February 17, 1868 essay \"On Books\" which argues for the importance of books and the consumption of literature. Entries end in 1873, leaving the latter half of the book blank. Emily became a Wesleyan schoolmistress and married schoolteacher William James Middleton in 1879. She died in 1921. The question remains whether Emily Somerset and the later owner, Annie Usher were related in some way, as Emily's death in 1921 is quite close to Annie's receipt of the manuscript as a gift in 1923.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Emily Somerset essay book, 1867/1873"],"collection_ssim":["Emily Somerset essay book, 1867/1873"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16962","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1915"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16962","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1915"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Whitmore Rare Books by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 18 July 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Women -- Education"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","Women -- Education"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-sized file folder."],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-sized file folder."],"date_range_isim":[1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16962, Emily Somerset essay book, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16962, Emily Somerset essay book, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an essay book belonging to Emily Somerset, who lived in England. Bound in contemporary morocco with Essays of Emily Somerset embossed in gilt to front cover and has decorative endpapers. Adhered to front pastedown is a contemporary gift plate reading: \"E. Somerset from her cousin, C. Somerset, 1867\". A later gift inscription in pencil to verso of front endpaper, \"Annie Usher from her Uncle. November 28th 1923.\" The essay entries began in 1867 when Emily was eighteen. The manuscript contains twelve essays with decorative calligraphic head and tail pieces written over forty-five pages, with an additional three pages of recipes at the back of the book. Some essays, such as the opening title \"On self culture,\" reflect popular trends in education regarding women's physical and mental health (including the importance of balancing classroom time with exercise). Others suggest Emily's more individual interests or perceptions of the world conveyed in essays like \"Art and its effect upon us\" (August 1867), while others reveal her deep interest in literature like her February 17, 1868 essay \"On Books\" which argues for the importance of books and the consumption of literature. Entries end in 1873, leaving the latter half of the book blank. Emily became a Wesleyan schoolmistress and married schoolteacher William James Middleton in 1879. She died in 1921. The question remains whether Emily Somerset and the later owner, Annie Usher were related in some way, as Emily's death in 1921 is quite close to Annie's receipt of the manuscript as a gift in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains an essay book belonging to Emily Somerset, who lived in England. Bound in contemporary morocco with Essays of Emily Somerset embossed in gilt to front cover and has decorative endpapers. Adhered to front pastedown is a contemporary gift plate reading: \"E. Somerset from her cousin, C. Somerset, 1867\". A later gift inscription in pencil to verso of front endpaper, \"Annie Usher from her Uncle. November 28th 1923.\" The essay entries began in 1867 when Emily was eighteen. The manuscript contains twelve essays with decorative calligraphic head and tail pieces written over forty-five pages, with an additional three pages of recipes at the back of the book. Some essays, such as the opening title \"On self culture,\" reflect popular trends in education regarding women's physical and mental health (including the importance of balancing classroom time with exercise). Others suggest Emily's more individual interests or perceptions of the world conveyed in essays like \"Art and its effect upon us\" (August 1867), while others reveal her deep interest in literature like her February 17, 1868 essay \"On Books\" which argues for the importance of books and the consumption of literature. Entries end in 1873, leaving the latter half of the book blank. Emily became a Wesleyan schoolmistress and married schoolteacher William James Middleton in 1879. She died in 1921. The question remains whether Emily Somerset and the later owner, Annie Usher were related in some way, as Emily's death in 1921 is quite close to Annie's receipt of the manuscript as a gift in 1923."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1915"}},{"id":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_31","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Farmville Female College - Board of Trustees Ledger (1865-1873), 1865/1873","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifarl_repositories_2_resources_31#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a ledger containing the meeting minutes of the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees from 1865 to 1873. Contained in these pages is information related to the school's struggle after the end of the Civil War as well as information regarding faculty and students during these years. Finally, the ledger contains information related to the Board of Trustee's decision to dissolve the corporation which owned the College and sell the school buildings and property.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifarl_repositories_2_resources_31#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_31","ead_ssi":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_31","_root_":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_31","_nest_parent_":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_31","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/LONG/repositories_2_resources_31.xml","title_ssm":["Farmville Female College - Board of Trustees Ledger (1865-1873)"],"title_tesim":["Farmville Female College - Board of Trustees Ledger (1865-1873)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1873"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1873"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1873"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Farmville Female College - Board of Trustees Ledger (1865-1873), 1865/1873"],"text":["Farmville Female College - Board of Trustees Ledger (1865-1873), 1865/1873","LU.432","Farmville Female College","Reconstruction -- Virginia -- Prince Edward County","Female seminaries","Women -- Education","Founded in 1839 as the Farmville Female Seminary, Farmville Female College was the second incarnation of the institution now known as Longwood University. The school, which was then owned by stockholders and governed by a Board of Trustees, had been flourishing in the years leading up to the Civil War. However, in the immediate aftermath of the war and through the early years of Reconstruction, the school fell into a prolonged period of financial difficulty. During these years, Farmville Female College was initially under the immediate supervision of Arnaud Preot, a Frenchman who had joined the faculty in 1860 and taken over the presidency subsequent to the retirement of George La Monte in 1862. In 1869, when Preot took a position at Danville Female College, the helm of the Farmville Female College was given briefly to S.F. Nottingham who only remained in the position for one year.  Nottingham was followed by Francis Marion Edwards and James D. Crawley, both of whom also only lasted one year. It was at this point that the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees made the decision to sell the school and dissolve the corporation.","This ledger, which contains the meeting minutes of the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees, was donated to the Longwood University Office of Alumni Relations by Susan Paul, a descendant of one of the school trustees. This collection was transferred to the Greenwood Library Archives in 2021.","This collection consists of a ledger containing the meeting minutes of the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees from 1865 to 1873. Contained in these pages is information related to the school's struggle after the end of the Civil War as well as information regarding faculty and students during these years.  Finally, the ledger contains information related to the Board of Trustee's decision to dissolve the corporation which owned the College and sell the school buildings and property.","Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Farmville Female College - Board of Trustees Ledger (1865-1873), 1865/1873"],"collection_ssim":["Farmville Female College - Board of Trustees Ledger (1865-1873), 1865/1873"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["LU.432"],"unitid_tesim":["LU.432"],"repository_ssm":["Longwood University"],"repository_ssim":["Longwood University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Farmville Female College","Reconstruction -- Virginia -- Prince Edward County","Female seminaries","Women -- Education"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Farmville Female College","Reconstruction -- Virginia -- Prince Edward County","Female seminaries","Women -- Education"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".54 Linear Feet 1 phase box"],"extent_tesim":[".54 Linear Feet 1 phase box"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1839 as the Farmville Female Seminary, Farmville Female College was the second incarnation of the institution now known as Longwood University. The school, which was then owned by stockholders and governed by a Board of Trustees, had been flourishing in the years leading up to the Civil War. However, in the immediate aftermath of the war and through the early years of Reconstruction, the school fell into a prolonged period of financial difficulty. During these years, Farmville Female College was initially under the immediate supervision of Arnaud Preot, a Frenchman who had joined the faculty in 1860 and taken over the presidency subsequent to the retirement of George La Monte in 1862. In 1869, when Preot took a position at Danville Female College, the helm of the Farmville Female College was given briefly to S.F. Nottingham who only remained in the position for one year.  Nottingham was followed by Francis Marion Edwards and James D. Crawley, both of whom also only lasted one year. It was at this point that the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees made the decision to sell the school and dissolve the corporation.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded in 1839 as the Farmville Female Seminary, Farmville Female College was the second incarnation of the institution now known as Longwood University. The school, which was then owned by stockholders and governed by a Board of Trustees, had been flourishing in the years leading up to the Civil War. However, in the immediate aftermath of the war and through the early years of Reconstruction, the school fell into a prolonged period of financial difficulty. During these years, Farmville Female College was initially under the immediate supervision of Arnaud Preot, a Frenchman who had joined the faculty in 1860 and taken over the presidency subsequent to the retirement of George La Monte in 1862. In 1869, when Preot took a position at Danville Female College, the helm of the Farmville Female College was given briefly to S.F. Nottingham who only remained in the position for one year.  Nottingham was followed by Francis Marion Edwards and James D. Crawley, both of whom also only lasted one year. It was at this point that the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees made the decision to sell the school and dissolve the corporation."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis ledger, which contains the meeting minutes of the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees, was donated to the Longwood University Office of Alumni Relations by Susan Paul, a descendant of one of the school trustees. This collection was transferred to the Greenwood Library Archives in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["This ledger, which contains the meeting minutes of the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees, was donated to the Longwood University Office of Alumni Relations by Susan Paul, a descendant of one of the school trustees. This collection was transferred to the Greenwood Library Archives in 2021."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a ledger containing the meeting minutes of the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees from 1865 to 1873. Contained in these pages is information related to the school's struggle after the end of the Civil War as well as information regarding faculty and students during these years.  Finally, the ledger contains information related to the Board of Trustee's decision to dissolve the corporation which owned the College and sell the school buildings and property.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a ledger containing the meeting minutes of the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees from 1865 to 1873. Contained in these pages is information related to the school's struggle after the end of the Civil War as well as information regarding faculty and students during these years.  Finally, the ledger contains information related to the Board of Trustee's decision to dissolve the corporation which owned the College and sell the school buildings and property."],"corpname_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections"],"names_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:33:49.698Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_31","ead_ssi":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_31","_root_":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_31","_nest_parent_":"vifarl_repositories_2_resources_31","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/LONG/repositories_2_resources_31.xml","title_ssm":["Farmville Female College - Board of Trustees Ledger (1865-1873)"],"title_tesim":["Farmville Female College - Board of Trustees Ledger (1865-1873)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1873"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1873"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1873"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Farmville Female College - Board of Trustees Ledger (1865-1873), 1865/1873"],"text":["Farmville Female College - Board of Trustees Ledger (1865-1873), 1865/1873","LU.432","Farmville Female College","Reconstruction -- Virginia -- Prince Edward County","Female seminaries","Women -- Education","Founded in 1839 as the Farmville Female Seminary, Farmville Female College was the second incarnation of the institution now known as Longwood University. The school, which was then owned by stockholders and governed by a Board of Trustees, had been flourishing in the years leading up to the Civil War. However, in the immediate aftermath of the war and through the early years of Reconstruction, the school fell into a prolonged period of financial difficulty. During these years, Farmville Female College was initially under the immediate supervision of Arnaud Preot, a Frenchman who had joined the faculty in 1860 and taken over the presidency subsequent to the retirement of George La Monte in 1862. In 1869, when Preot took a position at Danville Female College, the helm of the Farmville Female College was given briefly to S.F. Nottingham who only remained in the position for one year.  Nottingham was followed by Francis Marion Edwards and James D. Crawley, both of whom also only lasted one year. It was at this point that the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees made the decision to sell the school and dissolve the corporation.","This ledger, which contains the meeting minutes of the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees, was donated to the Longwood University Office of Alumni Relations by Susan Paul, a descendant of one of the school trustees. This collection was transferred to the Greenwood Library Archives in 2021.","This collection consists of a ledger containing the meeting minutes of the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees from 1865 to 1873. Contained in these pages is information related to the school's struggle after the end of the Civil War as well as information regarding faculty and students during these years.  Finally, the ledger contains information related to the Board of Trustee's decision to dissolve the corporation which owned the College and sell the school buildings and property.","Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Farmville Female College - Board of Trustees Ledger (1865-1873), 1865/1873"],"collection_ssim":["Farmville Female College - Board of Trustees Ledger (1865-1873), 1865/1873"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["LU.432"],"unitid_tesim":["LU.432"],"repository_ssm":["Longwood University"],"repository_ssim":["Longwood University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Farmville Female College","Reconstruction -- Virginia -- Prince Edward County","Female seminaries","Women -- Education"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Farmville Female College","Reconstruction -- Virginia -- Prince Edward County","Female seminaries","Women -- Education"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".54 Linear Feet 1 phase box"],"extent_tesim":[".54 Linear Feet 1 phase box"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1839 as the Farmville Female Seminary, Farmville Female College was the second incarnation of the institution now known as Longwood University. The school, which was then owned by stockholders and governed by a Board of Trustees, had been flourishing in the years leading up to the Civil War. However, in the immediate aftermath of the war and through the early years of Reconstruction, the school fell into a prolonged period of financial difficulty. During these years, Farmville Female College was initially under the immediate supervision of Arnaud Preot, a Frenchman who had joined the faculty in 1860 and taken over the presidency subsequent to the retirement of George La Monte in 1862. In 1869, when Preot took a position at Danville Female College, the helm of the Farmville Female College was given briefly to S.F. Nottingham who only remained in the position for one year.  Nottingham was followed by Francis Marion Edwards and James D. Crawley, both of whom also only lasted one year. It was at this point that the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees made the decision to sell the school and dissolve the corporation.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded in 1839 as the Farmville Female Seminary, Farmville Female College was the second incarnation of the institution now known as Longwood University. The school, which was then owned by stockholders and governed by a Board of Trustees, had been flourishing in the years leading up to the Civil War. However, in the immediate aftermath of the war and through the early years of Reconstruction, the school fell into a prolonged period of financial difficulty. During these years, Farmville Female College was initially under the immediate supervision of Arnaud Preot, a Frenchman who had joined the faculty in 1860 and taken over the presidency subsequent to the retirement of George La Monte in 1862. In 1869, when Preot took a position at Danville Female College, the helm of the Farmville Female College was given briefly to S.F. Nottingham who only remained in the position for one year.  Nottingham was followed by Francis Marion Edwards and James D. Crawley, both of whom also only lasted one year. It was at this point that the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees made the decision to sell the school and dissolve the corporation."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis ledger, which contains the meeting minutes of the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees, was donated to the Longwood University Office of Alumni Relations by Susan Paul, a descendant of one of the school trustees. This collection was transferred to the Greenwood Library Archives in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["This ledger, which contains the meeting minutes of the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees, was donated to the Longwood University Office of Alumni Relations by Susan Paul, a descendant of one of the school trustees. This collection was transferred to the Greenwood Library Archives in 2021."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a ledger containing the meeting minutes of the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees from 1865 to 1873. Contained in these pages is information related to the school's struggle after the end of the Civil War as well as information regarding faculty and students during these years.  Finally, the ledger contains information related to the Board of Trustee's decision to dissolve the corporation which owned the College and sell the school buildings and property.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a ledger containing the meeting minutes of the Farmville Female College Board of Trustees from 1865 to 1873. Contained in these pages is information related to the school's struggle after the end of the Civil War as well as information regarding faculty and students during these years.  Finally, the ledger contains information related to the Board of Trustee's decision to dissolve the corporation which owned the College and sell the school buildings and property."],"corpname_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections"],"names_ssim":["Greenwood Library Archives and Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:33:49.698Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifarl_repositories_2_resources_31"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1527","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Girls' reward of merit ephemera, 1872/1876","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1527#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1527#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection features seventeen merit reward cards given to girls and women in the late nineteenth century. These cards are printed on one side and have \"Reward of Merit\" printed at the top, accompanied by a decorative illustration, the handwritten student's name, and the teacher's signature. Six cards are addressed to Martha Warren, three to Nelly Whitenack, two to Florence Pomery, and other cards are addressed to presented to Cynthia Williams, Elizabeth Brookholder, Ida Meckly, Beatie Allen, and Ella Solm. Another card is illegible except for the first name Electa. Two of the cards are dated. The cards vary in illustration and typography.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1527#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1527","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1527","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1527","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1527","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1527.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189514","title_filing_ssi":"Girls merit reward ephemera","title_ssm":["Girls' reward of merit ephemera"],"title_tesim":["Girls' reward of merit ephemera"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1872-1876"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c. 1872-1876"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1872/1876"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Girls' reward of merit ephemera, 1872/1876"],"text":["Girls' reward of merit ephemera, 1872/1876","MSS 16785","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1527","Girls","Women -- Education","Awards","In the early part of the nineteenth century, very few girls received an education and those who had the option attended dame schools, which started in the eighteenth century and focused on basic literacy. It was not until the Common School Movement of the 1840s and 1850s that girls could take their education further, being permitted to attend town schools, though usually at a time when boys were not in attendance. Merit cards, founded in the late 18th century, were created to motivate children toward religious values and were later mass-produced in the middle of the 19th century to encourage academic work.","This collection features seventeen merit reward cards given to girls and women in the late nineteenth century. These cards are printed on one side and have \"Reward of Merit\" printed at the top, accompanied by a decorative illustration, the handwritten student's name, and the teacher's signature. Six cards are addressed to Martha Warren, three to Nelly Whitenack,  two to Florence Pomery, and other cards are addressed to presented to Cynthia Williams, Elizabeth Brookholder, Ida Meckly, Beatie Allen, and Ella Solm. Another card is illegible except for the first name Electa.  Two of the cards are dated. The cards vary in illustration and typography.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Girls' reward of merit ephemera, 1872/1876"],"collection_ssim":["Girls' reward of merit ephemera, 1872/1876"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16785","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1527"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16785","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1527"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambodby the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on March 8, 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Girls","Women -- Education","Awards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Girls","Women -- Education","Awards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-sized folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-sized folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Awards"],"date_range_isim":[1872,1873,1874,1875,1876],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the early part of the nineteenth century, very few girls received an education and those who had the option attended dame schools, which started in the eighteenth century and focused on basic literacy. It was not until the Common School Movement of the 1840s and 1850s that girls could take their education further, being permitted to attend town schools, though usually at a time when boys were not in attendance. Merit cards, founded in the late 18th century, were created to motivate children toward religious values and were later mass-produced in the middle of the 19th century to encourage academic work.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the early part of the nineteenth century, very few girls received an education and those who had the option attended dame schools, which started in the eighteenth century and focused on basic literacy. It was not until the Common School Movement of the 1840s and 1850s that girls could take their education further, being permitted to attend town schools, though usually at a time when boys were not in attendance. Merit cards, founded in the late 18th century, were created to motivate children toward religious values and were later mass-produced in the middle of the 19th century to encourage academic work."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16785 , Girls merit reward ephemera, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16785 , Girls merit reward ephemera, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection features seventeen merit reward cards given to girls and women in the late nineteenth century. These cards are printed on one side and have \"Reward of Merit\" printed at the top, accompanied by a decorative illustration, the handwritten student's name, and the teacher's signature. Six cards are addressed to Martha Warren, three to Nelly Whitenack,  two to Florence Pomery, and other cards are addressed to presented to Cynthia Williams, Elizabeth Brookholder, Ida Meckly, Beatie Allen, and Ella Solm. Another card is illegible except for the first name Electa.  Two of the cards are dated. The cards vary in illustration and typography.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection features seventeen merit reward cards given to girls and women in the late nineteenth century. These cards are printed on one side and have \"Reward of Merit\" printed at the top, accompanied by a decorative illustration, the handwritten student's name, and the teacher's signature. Six cards are addressed to Martha Warren, three to Nelly Whitenack,  two to Florence Pomery, and other cards are addressed to presented to Cynthia Williams, Elizabeth Brookholder, Ida Meckly, Beatie Allen, and Ella Solm. Another card is illegible except for the first name Electa.  Two of the cards are dated. The cards vary in illustration and typography."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1527","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1527","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1527","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1527","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1527.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189514","title_filing_ssi":"Girls merit reward ephemera","title_ssm":["Girls' reward of merit ephemera"],"title_tesim":["Girls' reward of merit ephemera"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1872-1876"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c. 1872-1876"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1872/1876"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Girls' reward of merit ephemera, 1872/1876"],"text":["Girls' reward of merit ephemera, 1872/1876","MSS 16785","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1527","Girls","Women -- Education","Awards","In the early part of the nineteenth century, very few girls received an education and those who had the option attended dame schools, which started in the eighteenth century and focused on basic literacy. It was not until the Common School Movement of the 1840s and 1850s that girls could take their education further, being permitted to attend town schools, though usually at a time when boys were not in attendance. Merit cards, founded in the late 18th century, were created to motivate children toward religious values and were later mass-produced in the middle of the 19th century to encourage academic work.","This collection features seventeen merit reward cards given to girls and women in the late nineteenth century. These cards are printed on one side and have \"Reward of Merit\" printed at the top, accompanied by a decorative illustration, the handwritten student's name, and the teacher's signature. Six cards are addressed to Martha Warren, three to Nelly Whitenack,  two to Florence Pomery, and other cards are addressed to presented to Cynthia Williams, Elizabeth Brookholder, Ida Meckly, Beatie Allen, and Ella Solm. Another card is illegible except for the first name Electa.  Two of the cards are dated. The cards vary in illustration and typography.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Girls' reward of merit ephemera, 1872/1876"],"collection_ssim":["Girls' reward of merit ephemera, 1872/1876"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16785","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1527"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16785","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1527"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambodby the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on March 8, 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Girls","Women -- Education","Awards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Girls","Women -- Education","Awards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-sized folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-sized folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Awards"],"date_range_isim":[1872,1873,1874,1875,1876],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the early part of the nineteenth century, very few girls received an education and those who had the option attended dame schools, which started in the eighteenth century and focused on basic literacy. It was not until the Common School Movement of the 1840s and 1850s that girls could take their education further, being permitted to attend town schools, though usually at a time when boys were not in attendance. Merit cards, founded in the late 18th century, were created to motivate children toward religious values and were later mass-produced in the middle of the 19th century to encourage academic work.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the early part of the nineteenth century, very few girls received an education and those who had the option attended dame schools, which started in the eighteenth century and focused on basic literacy. It was not until the Common School Movement of the 1840s and 1850s that girls could take their education further, being permitted to attend town schools, though usually at a time when boys were not in attendance. Merit cards, founded in the late 18th century, were created to motivate children toward religious values and were later mass-produced in the middle of the 19th century to encourage academic work."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16785 , Girls merit reward ephemera, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16785 , Girls merit reward ephemera, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection features seventeen merit reward cards given to girls and women in the late nineteenth century. These cards are printed on one side and have \"Reward of Merit\" printed at the top, accompanied by a decorative illustration, the handwritten student's name, and the teacher's signature. Six cards are addressed to Martha Warren, three to Nelly Whitenack,  two to Florence Pomery, and other cards are addressed to presented to Cynthia Williams, Elizabeth Brookholder, Ida Meckly, Beatie Allen, and Ella Solm. Another card is illegible except for the first name Electa.  Two of the cards are dated. The cards vary in illustration and typography.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection features seventeen merit reward cards given to girls and women in the late nineteenth century. These cards are printed on one side and have \"Reward of Merit\" printed at the top, accompanied by a decorative illustration, the handwritten student's name, and the teacher's signature. Six cards are addressed to Martha Warren, three to Nelly Whitenack,  two to Florence Pomery, and other cards are addressed to presented to Cynthia Williams, Elizabeth Brookholder, Ida Meckly, Beatie Allen, and Ella Solm. Another card is illegible except for the first name Electa.  Two of the cards are dated. The cards vary in illustration and typography."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1527"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1856","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff papers, 1905/1935","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1856#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Juhl, Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff, 1897-1895","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1856#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains eleven diaries written by Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff between 1916 and 1935, accompanied by four folders of loose ephemera, letters, clippings, and manuscripts. The materials document approximately twenty years of Brinckerhoff's life from her time as a student at Christian College through early marriage, her relocation to California, motherhood, divorce, and later relationships. The first four diaries document Isabel's college years from 1916 to 1919; the final seven diaries document her life in the Los Angeles area. However, Isabel spent 1931 in Reno, Nevada, and 1932 and 1933 in Oakland, California, before returning to L.A. later in 1933, where she remained through 1935. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1856#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1856","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1856","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1856","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1856","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1856.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/240233","title_filing_ssi":"Brinckerhoff, Isabel Myers papers","title_ssm":["Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff papers"],"title_tesim":["Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1905-1935"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1905-1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905/1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff papers, 1905/1935"],"text":["Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff papers, 1905/1935","MSS.16940","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1856","Diaries","Motherhood","Women -- Education","Assault and battery","Good","This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.","Isabel Mildred Myers Juhl, poet and pianist, was born in Kansass on May 6, 1897, and spent her early adulthood in Missouri, Kansas, California, and Nevada. Raised principally in Fort Scott, Kansas, she later attended Christian College in Columbia, Missouri between 1916 and 1918, recording her academic and social experiences in her diaries. She married Philip \"Sunny\" Brinckerhoff in July 1918 and subsequently relocated to Hollywood, California, where the couple lived with his family and later had a daughter, Joyce. Following her divorce from Philip in Reno in 1931, she lived in Oakland and Los Angeles. She remarried Roy Hall in 1936 and had a son,Ron, with him. She remarried again to Curt Juhl in 1940 taking his last name. She died on January 23, 1985. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, Los Angeles, California.","References","\"Isabel Mildred Myers Juhl.\" Find-a-Grave. Accessed February 16, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7737200/isabel_mildred_myers-juhl","\"Collection of Diaries and Assorted Materials of Isabel Brinckerhoff (1916–1935).\" Biblio. Accessed February 16, 2026. https://www.biblio.com/book/collection-diaries-assorted-materials-isabel-brinckerhoff/d/1582968654","The collection contains eleven diaries written by Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff between 1916 and 1935, accompanied by four folders of loose ephemera, letters, clippings, and manuscripts. The materials document approximately twenty years of Brinckerhoff's life from her time as a student at Christian College through early marriage, her relocation to California, motherhood, divorce, and later relationships. The first four diaries document Isabel's college years from 1916 to 1919; the final seven diaries document her life in the Los Angeles area. However, Isabel spent 1931 in Reno, Nevada, and 1932 and 1933 in Oakland, California, before returning to L.A. later in 1933, where she remained through 1935.","The diaries contain manuscript entries with tipped or pasted materials, including letters, news clippings, photographs, dried flowers, college ephemera, household budgets, manuscript poetry, and notes. Early volumes focus on college life, friendships, courtship, and musical study; later volumes document married life, domestic responsibilities, relocation, parenting, and the dissolution of her marriage.  Diaries from the 1930s include extensive material on romantic relationships, daily life, and Brinckerhoff's accounts of domestic abuse. Loose materials include business and calling cards; receipts; event tickets; household ephemera; personal correspondence from family members, her husband, daughter, and later romantic partners; news clippings on social events; poetry; literature on community activities; and descriptions of family matters. Of particular note, in the manuscripts and typescripts folder, is a detailed list of Brinckerhoff's accounts of domestic abuse with her later partner, Roy Hall.","This material contains references to domestic violence. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials. InC: In Copyright – https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Juhl, Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff, 1897-1895","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff papers, 1905/1935"],"collection_ssim":["Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff papers, 1905/1935"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16940","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1856"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16940","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1856"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Juhl, Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff, 1897-1895"],"creator_ssim":["Juhl, Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff, 1897-1895"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Juhl, Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff, 1897-1895"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Juhl, Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff, 1897-1895","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials. InC: In Copyright – https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Marginalia by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 19 December 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Diaries","Motherhood","Women -- Education","Assault and battery"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Diaries","Motherhood","Women -- Education","Assault and battery"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":["0.8 Cubic Feet Two letter-sized file boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.8 Cubic Feet Two letter-sized file boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIsabel Mildred Myers Juhl, poet and pianist, was born in Kansass on May 6, 1897, and spent her early adulthood in Missouri, Kansas, California, and Nevada. Raised principally in Fort Scott, Kansas, she later attended Christian College in Columbia, Missouri between 1916 and 1918, recording her academic and social experiences in her diaries. She married Philip \"Sunny\" Brinckerhoff in July 1918 and subsequently relocated to Hollywood, California, where the couple lived with his family and later had a daughter, Joyce. Following her divorce from Philip in Reno in 1931, she lived in Oakland and Los Angeles. She remarried Roy Hall in 1936 and had a son,Ron, with him. She remarried again to Curt Juhl in 1940 taking his last name. She died on January 23, 1985. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, Los Angeles, California.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nReferences \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Isabel Mildred Myers Juhl.\" Find-a-Grave. Accessed February 16, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7737200/isabel_mildred_myers-juhl  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Collection of Diaries and Assorted Materials of Isabel Brinckerhoff (1916–1935).\" Biblio. Accessed February 16, 2026. https://www.biblio.com/book/collection-diaries-assorted-materials-isabel-brinckerhoff/d/1582968654  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Isabel Mildred Myers Juhl, poet and pianist, was born in Kansass on May 6, 1897, and spent her early adulthood in Missouri, Kansas, California, and Nevada. Raised principally in Fort Scott, Kansas, she later attended Christian College in Columbia, Missouri between 1916 and 1918, recording her academic and social experiences in her diaries. She married Philip \"Sunny\" Brinckerhoff in July 1918 and subsequently relocated to Hollywood, California, where the couple lived with his family and later had a daughter, Joyce. Following her divorce from Philip in Reno in 1931, she lived in Oakland and Los Angeles. She remarried Roy Hall in 1936 and had a son,Ron, with him. She remarried again to Curt Juhl in 1940 taking his last name. She died on January 23, 1985. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, Los Angeles, California.","References","\"Isabel Mildred Myers Juhl.\" Find-a-Grave. Accessed February 16, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7737200/isabel_mildred_myers-juhl","\"Collection of Diaries and Assorted Materials of Isabel Brinckerhoff (1916–1935).\" Biblio. Accessed February 16, 2026. https://www.biblio.com/book/collection-diaries-assorted-materials-isabel-brinckerhoff/d/1582968654"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16940, Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16940, Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains eleven diaries written by Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff between 1916 and 1935, accompanied by four folders of loose ephemera, letters, clippings, and manuscripts. The materials document approximately twenty years of Brinckerhoff's life from her time as a student at Christian College through early marriage, her relocation to California, motherhood, divorce, and later relationships. The first four diaries document Isabel's college years from 1916 to 1919; the final seven diaries document her life in the Los Angeles area. However, Isabel spent 1931 in Reno, Nevada, and 1932 and 1933 in Oakland, California, before returning to L.A. later in 1933, where she remained through 1935. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe diaries contain manuscript entries with tipped or pasted materials, including letters, news clippings, photographs, dried flowers, college ephemera, household budgets, manuscript poetry, and notes. Early volumes focus on college life, friendships, courtship, and musical study; later volumes document married life, domestic responsibilities, relocation, parenting, and the dissolution of her marriage.  Diaries from the 1930s include extensive material on romantic relationships, daily life, and Brinckerhoff's accounts of domestic abuse. Loose materials include business and calling cards; receipts; event tickets; household ephemera; personal correspondence from family members, her husband, daughter, and later romantic partners; news clippings on social events; poetry; literature on community activities; and descriptions of family matters. Of particular note, in the manuscripts and typescripts folder, is a detailed list of Brinckerhoff's accounts of domestic abuse with her later partner, Roy Hall.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis material contains references to domestic violence. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Content Warning"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains eleven diaries written by Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff between 1916 and 1935, accompanied by four folders of loose ephemera, letters, clippings, and manuscripts. The materials document approximately twenty years of Brinckerhoff's life from her time as a student at Christian College through early marriage, her relocation to California, motherhood, divorce, and later relationships. The first four diaries document Isabel's college years from 1916 to 1919; the final seven diaries document her life in the Los Angeles area. However, Isabel spent 1931 in Reno, Nevada, and 1932 and 1933 in Oakland, California, before returning to L.A. later in 1933, where she remained through 1935.","The diaries contain manuscript entries with tipped or pasted materials, including letters, news clippings, photographs, dried flowers, college ephemera, household budgets, manuscript poetry, and notes. Early volumes focus on college life, friendships, courtship, and musical study; later volumes document married life, domestic responsibilities, relocation, parenting, and the dissolution of her marriage.  Diaries from the 1930s include extensive material on romantic relationships, daily life, and Brinckerhoff's accounts of domestic abuse. Loose materials include business and calling cards; receipts; event tickets; household ephemera; personal correspondence from family members, her husband, daughter, and later romantic partners; news clippings on social events; poetry; literature on community activities; and descriptions of family matters. Of particular note, in the manuscripts and typescripts folder, is a detailed list of Brinckerhoff's accounts of domestic abuse with her later partner, Roy Hall.","This material contains references to domestic violence. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials. InC: In Copyright – https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials. InC: In Copyright – https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Juhl, Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff, 1897-1895"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Juhl, Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff, 1897-1895"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":15,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1856","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1856","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1856","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1856","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1856.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/240233","title_filing_ssi":"Brinckerhoff, Isabel Myers papers","title_ssm":["Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff papers"],"title_tesim":["Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1905-1935"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1905-1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905/1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff papers, 1905/1935"],"text":["Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff papers, 1905/1935","MSS.16940","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1856","Diaries","Motherhood","Women -- Education","Assault and battery","Good","This collection has been minimally processed and is open for research.","Isabel Mildred Myers Juhl, poet and pianist, was born in Kansass on May 6, 1897, and spent her early adulthood in Missouri, Kansas, California, and Nevada. Raised principally in Fort Scott, Kansas, she later attended Christian College in Columbia, Missouri between 1916 and 1918, recording her academic and social experiences in her diaries. She married Philip \"Sunny\" Brinckerhoff in July 1918 and subsequently relocated to Hollywood, California, where the couple lived with his family and later had a daughter, Joyce. Following her divorce from Philip in Reno in 1931, she lived in Oakland and Los Angeles. She remarried Roy Hall in 1936 and had a son,Ron, with him. She remarried again to Curt Juhl in 1940 taking his last name. She died on January 23, 1985. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, Los Angeles, California.","References","\"Isabel Mildred Myers Juhl.\" Find-a-Grave. Accessed February 16, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7737200/isabel_mildred_myers-juhl","\"Collection of Diaries and Assorted Materials of Isabel Brinckerhoff (1916–1935).\" Biblio. Accessed February 16, 2026. https://www.biblio.com/book/collection-diaries-assorted-materials-isabel-brinckerhoff/d/1582968654","The collection contains eleven diaries written by Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff between 1916 and 1935, accompanied by four folders of loose ephemera, letters, clippings, and manuscripts. The materials document approximately twenty years of Brinckerhoff's life from her time as a student at Christian College through early marriage, her relocation to California, motherhood, divorce, and later relationships. The first four diaries document Isabel's college years from 1916 to 1919; the final seven diaries document her life in the Los Angeles area. However, Isabel spent 1931 in Reno, Nevada, and 1932 and 1933 in Oakland, California, before returning to L.A. later in 1933, where she remained through 1935.","The diaries contain manuscript entries with tipped or pasted materials, including letters, news clippings, photographs, dried flowers, college ephemera, household budgets, manuscript poetry, and notes. Early volumes focus on college life, friendships, courtship, and musical study; later volumes document married life, domestic responsibilities, relocation, parenting, and the dissolution of her marriage.  Diaries from the 1930s include extensive material on romantic relationships, daily life, and Brinckerhoff's accounts of domestic abuse. Loose materials include business and calling cards; receipts; event tickets; household ephemera; personal correspondence from family members, her husband, daughter, and later romantic partners; news clippings on social events; poetry; literature on community activities; and descriptions of family matters. Of particular note, in the manuscripts and typescripts folder, is a detailed list of Brinckerhoff's accounts of domestic abuse with her later partner, Roy Hall.","This material contains references to domestic violence. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials. InC: In Copyright – https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Juhl, Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff, 1897-1895","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff papers, 1905/1935"],"collection_ssim":["Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff papers, 1905/1935"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16940","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1856"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16940","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1856"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Juhl, Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff, 1897-1895"],"creator_ssim":["Juhl, Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff, 1897-1895"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Juhl, Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff, 1897-1895"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Juhl, Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff, 1897-1895","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. 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Raised principally in Fort Scott, Kansas, she later attended Christian College in Columbia, Missouri between 1916 and 1918, recording her academic and social experiences in her diaries. She married Philip \"Sunny\" Brinckerhoff in July 1918 and subsequently relocated to Hollywood, California, where the couple lived with his family and later had a daughter, Joyce. Following her divorce from Philip in Reno in 1931, she lived in Oakland and Los Angeles. She remarried Roy Hall in 1936 and had a son,Ron, with him. She remarried again to Curt Juhl in 1940 taking his last name. She died on January 23, 1985. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, Los Angeles, California.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nReferences \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Isabel Mildred Myers Juhl.\" Find-a-Grave. 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Following her divorce from Philip in Reno in 1931, she lived in Oakland and Los Angeles. She remarried Roy Hall in 1936 and had a son,Ron, with him. She remarried again to Curt Juhl in 1940 taking his last name. She died on January 23, 1985. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, Los Angeles, California.","References","\"Isabel Mildred Myers Juhl.\" Find-a-Grave. Accessed February 16, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7737200/isabel_mildred_myers-juhl","\"Collection of Diaries and Assorted Materials of Isabel Brinckerhoff (1916–1935).\" Biblio. 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The first four diaries document Isabel's college years from 1916 to 1919; the final seven diaries document her life in the Los Angeles area. However, Isabel spent 1931 in Reno, Nevada, and 1932 and 1933 in Oakland, California, before returning to L.A. later in 1933, where she remained through 1935. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe diaries contain manuscript entries with tipped or pasted materials, including letters, news clippings, photographs, dried flowers, college ephemera, household budgets, manuscript poetry, and notes. Early volumes focus on college life, friendships, courtship, and musical study; later volumes document married life, domestic responsibilities, relocation, parenting, and the dissolution of her marriage.  Diaries from the 1930s include extensive material on romantic relationships, daily life, and Brinckerhoff's accounts of domestic abuse. Loose materials include business and calling cards; receipts; event tickets; household ephemera; personal correspondence from family members, her husband, daughter, and later romantic partners; news clippings on social events; poetry; literature on community activities; and descriptions of family matters. Of particular note, in the manuscripts and typescripts folder, is a detailed list of Brinckerhoff's accounts of domestic abuse with her later partner, Roy Hall.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis material contains references to domestic violence. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Content Warning"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains eleven diaries written by Isabel Myers Brinckerhoff between 1916 and 1935, accompanied by four folders of loose ephemera, letters, clippings, and manuscripts. The materials document approximately twenty years of Brinckerhoff's life from her time as a student at Christian College through early marriage, her relocation to California, motherhood, divorce, and later relationships. The first four diaries document Isabel's college years from 1916 to 1919; the final seven diaries document her life in the Los Angeles area. However, Isabel spent 1931 in Reno, Nevada, and 1932 and 1933 in Oakland, California, before returning to L.A. later in 1933, where she remained through 1935.","The diaries contain manuscript entries with tipped or pasted materials, including letters, news clippings, photographs, dried flowers, college ephemera, household budgets, manuscript poetry, and notes. Early volumes focus on college life, friendships, courtship, and musical study; later volumes document married life, domestic responsibilities, relocation, parenting, and the dissolution of her marriage.  Diaries from the 1930s include extensive material on romantic relationships, daily life, and Brinckerhoff's accounts of domestic abuse. Loose materials include business and calling cards; receipts; event tickets; household ephemera; personal correspondence from family members, her husband, daughter, and later romantic partners; news clippings on social events; poetry; literature on community activities; and descriptions of family matters. Of particular note, in the manuscripts and typescripts folder, is a detailed list of Brinckerhoff's accounts of domestic abuse with her later partner, Roy Hall.","This material contains references to domestic violence. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. 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The album also provides a glimpse into life at Salem Female Academy, with clippings showing the campus, buildings, and portraits of faculty members, images of groups like the Virginia Club, tennis and basketball teams, and \"The Cooking Squad.\"","Joy Rebekah Kime grew up in Burlington, North Carolina and was the valedictorian of her graduating class at the Salem Female Academy. She served on the editorial staff and provided all of the artwork in The Ivy. After graduation she worked with her father, a horse dealer.","After college, Joy married Homer Benton, and settled in the mountains near Asheville. Joy,  inspired by an elderly neighbor, learned the process of dyeing, painting, and book-weaving rags into homespun rugs. Her tapestries were widely exhibited, appearing in, and winning prizes at, the International Textile Exhibit in Brooklyn, the Corcoran Art Gallery in Washington, the Canadian National Exhibition in Toronto and the Chicago World's Fair.","Joy was also recognized for her achievements in poetry and short story writing, having twice won the Separk poetry cup and three times the O. Henry short story prize. The Bentons spent winters in Miami, Florida, where she was also a staff writer for Tropic magazine."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","Salem Female Academy and College (Salem, Winston-Salem, N.C.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Langdon Manor Books","Salem Female Academy and College (Salem, Winston-Salem, N.C.)"],"persname_ssim":["Benton, Joy Kime"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","Salem Female Academy and College (Salem, Winston-Salem, N.C.)","Benton, Joy Kime"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1662","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1662","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1662","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1662","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1662.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196660","title_filing_ssi":"Kime, Joy, scrapbook","title_ssm":["Joy Rebekah Kime Benton scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Joy Rebekah Kime Benton scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1905-1933"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1905-1933"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905/1933"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joy Rebekah Kime Benton scrapbook, 1905/1933"],"text":["Joy Rebekah Kime Benton scrapbook, 1905/1933","MSS 16843","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1662","Women students","Women artists","Women in higher education","Women -- Education","Women's Scrapbook/ Commonplace Book Collections (University of Virginia)","poetry","The collection is open for research use.","Joy Rebekah Kime grew up in Burlington, North Carolina and was the valedictorian of her graduating class at the Salem Female Academy. She served on the editorial staff and provided all of the artwork in \"The Ivy\". After graduation she worked with her father, a horse dealer. After college, Joy married Homer Benton, and settled in the mountains near Asheville. Joy,  inspired by an elderly neighbor, learned the process of dyeing, painting, and book-weaving rags into homespun rugs. Her tapestries were widely exhibited, appearing in, and winning prizes at, the International Textile Exhibit in Brooklyn, the Corcoran Art Gallery in Washington, the Canadian National Exhibition in Toronto and the Chicago World's Fair. Joy was also recognized for her achievements in poetry and short story writing, having twice won the Separk poetry cup and three times the O. Henry short story prize. The Bentons spent winters in Miami, Florida, where she was also a staff writer for Tropic magazine.","This collection contains a scrapbook belonging to Joy Rebekah Kime Benton (1886-1957) of Burlington, North Carolina, an author, poet, painter, and weaver. The contents of scrapbook items are principally documents from 1905 to 1908, although some paste-ins are from the 1930s. There are 128 pages with photographs, clippings, drawings, and ephemera pasted and laid in.","The album primarily documents her college days at the Salem Female Academy (later Salem College). It includes her artwork created for \"The Ivy\" literary magazine, clippings from school and local newspapers, and photographs of buildings and club activities at the school. It is filled with her artwork and writing. The album also provides a glimpse into life at Salem Female Academy, with clippings showing the campus, buildings, and portraits of faculty members, images of groups like the Virginia Club, tennis and basketball teams, and \"The Cooking Squad.\"","Joy Rebekah Kime grew up in Burlington, North Carolina and was the valedictorian of her graduating class at the Salem Female Academy. She served on the editorial staff and provided all of the artwork in The Ivy. After graduation she worked with her father, a horse dealer.","After college, Joy married Homer Benton, and settled in the mountains near Asheville. Joy,  inspired by an elderly neighbor, learned the process of dyeing, painting, and book-weaving rags into homespun rugs. 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She served on the editorial staff and provided all of the artwork in \"The Ivy\". After graduation she worked with her father, a horse dealer. After college, Joy married Homer Benton, and settled in the mountains near Asheville. Joy,  inspired by an elderly neighbor, learned the process of dyeing, painting, and book-weaving rags into homespun rugs. Her tapestries were widely exhibited, appearing in, and winning prizes at, the International Textile Exhibit in Brooklyn, the Corcoran Art Gallery in Washington, the Canadian National Exhibition in Toronto and the Chicago World's Fair. Joy was also recognized for her achievements in poetry and short story writing, having twice won the Separk poetry cup and three times the O. Henry short story prize. The Bentons spent winters in Miami, Florida, where she was also a staff writer for Tropic magazine.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joy Rebekah Kime grew up in Burlington, North Carolina and was the valedictorian of her graduating class at the Salem Female Academy. She served on the editorial staff and provided all of the artwork in \"The Ivy\". After graduation she worked with her father, a horse dealer. After college, Joy married Homer Benton, and settled in the mountains near Asheville. Joy,  inspired by an elderly neighbor, learned the process of dyeing, painting, and book-weaving rags into homespun rugs. Her tapestries were widely exhibited, appearing in, and winning prizes at, the International Textile Exhibit in Brooklyn, the Corcoran Art Gallery in Washington, the Canadian National Exhibition in Toronto and the Chicago World's Fair. Joy was also recognized for her achievements in poetry and short story writing, having twice won the Separk poetry cup and three times the O. Henry short story prize. The Bentons spent winters in Miami, Florida, where she was also a staff writer for Tropic magazine."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16843, Joy Rebekah Kime Benton scrapbook, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16843, Joy Rebekah Kime Benton scrapbook, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a scrapbook belonging to Joy Rebekah Kime Benton (1886-1957) of Burlington, North Carolina, an author, poet, painter, and weaver. The contents of scrapbook items are principally documents from 1905 to 1908, although some paste-ins are from the 1930s. 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The album also provides a glimpse into life at Salem Female Academy, with clippings showing the campus, buildings, and portraits of faculty members, images of groups like the Virginia Club, tennis and basketball teams, and \"The Cooking Squad.\"","Joy Rebekah Kime grew up in Burlington, North Carolina and was the valedictorian of her graduating class at the Salem Female Academy. She served on the editorial staff and provided all of the artwork in The Ivy. After graduation she worked with her father, a horse dealer.","After college, Joy married Homer Benton, and settled in the mountains near Asheville. Joy,  inspired by an elderly neighbor, learned the process of dyeing, painting, and book-weaving rags into homespun rugs. Her tapestries were widely exhibited, appearing in, and winning prizes at, the International Textile Exhibit in Brooklyn, the Corcoran Art Gallery in Washington, the Canadian National Exhibition in Toronto and the Chicago World's Fair.","Joy was also recognized for her achievements in poetry and short story writing, having twice won the Separk poetry cup and three times the O. Henry short story prize. The Bentons spent winters in Miami, Florida, where she was also a staff writer for Tropic magazine."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","Salem Female Academy and College (Salem, Winston-Salem, N.C.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Langdon Manor Books","Salem Female Academy and College (Salem, Winston-Salem, N.C.)"],"persname_ssim":["Benton, Joy Kime"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","Salem Female Academy and College (Salem, Winston-Salem, N.C.)","Benton, Joy Kime"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1662"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, 1786/1787","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1797#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one Exercise or Cypher Book created by Sally Brown for a classroom environment in the United States of America between 1786 and 1787. It demonstrates basic mathematical and measurement disciplines specifically geared toward a future of work in a mercantile economy. Various 18th century mathematical procedures and some proofs are showcased throughout the Exercise Book. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1797#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1797.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/226410","title_filing_ssi":"Brown, Sally Math Exercise Book","title_ssm":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book"],"title_tesim":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1786-1787"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1787"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1786/1787"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, 1786/1787"],"text":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, 1786/1787","MSS 16911","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1797","Women -- Education","Mathematics","Arithmetic -- History -- 18th century","Units of measurement","handbooks","Fair. Brittle pages. Handle with care.","This collection is open for research use.","Sally Brown attended a schoolhouse or Dame School presumably located in either Philadelphia or New York City between 1786 and 1787. While attending, she developed an Exercise or Cypher Book, which accumulated her mathematics work throughout the academic year. Details of Sally Brown's life, along with that of her instructor, before and after the creation of the Exercise Book are not currently known.","Although the circumstances of Sally Brown's education are unclear, it is possible that she was preparing for skills relevant to the commercial world of the time. The Exercise Book's emphasis on the practical uses of mathematics, like measuring alcohol, silver, and grain, demonstrates an essential knowledge base young people needed to participate in the mercantile economies of early American cities.","Reverend Thomas Dilworth's The Schoolmaster's Assistant, which Brown's instructor used to create word problems and explain mathematical processes in her Exercise Book, was among the most popular teaching texts in America from its first American printing in 1769 until around 1850. As Dilworth's book was British in origin, many of his word problems, along with topics of measurement and currency, relied on British systems such as the Pound Sterling, Troy Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, and Winchester Measure. In 1786 and 1787, America had begun legislation that would culminate in the minting of a central currency, but coins would not come to market until at least 1792, leaving Americans to use predominantly foreign ones such as the Pound Sterling, Spanish Dollar, and French Livre.","In 18th century America, formal education for girls was relatively rare outside of upper-class families, where instruction predominantly covered subjects like philosophy, foreign languages, and household management. Larger towns often had schoolhouses with separate classrooms or designated hours of instruction for female students. However, Dame schools—primary education institutions taught by older women or retired soldiers in the instructor's home—were among the only options available to middle-class boys and girls to learn basic skills like arithmetic and spelling.","The paper cover wrapper's watermark, a Dutch emblem with the words Pro Patria, a lion, and the \"Maid of Dort,\" indicates that the exercise book's paper may have been imported or based on Dutch designs. Pro Patria, which translates to \"For the Fatherland\" in Latin, frequently appeared alongside the \"Maid of Dort,\" a national symbol connected to Dordrecht, the oldest city in Holland. Some American paper mills reproduced the Dutch Pro Patria imprint after the American Revolutionary War, exemplified by letter paper produced at a mill in Richmond, Virginia, and used by Thomas Jefferson.","Resource List:","Barrett, Timothy. \"Early European Papers: Contemporary Conservation and Craft Use.\" The Book and Paper Group Annual 16 (1997). Accessed July 15, 2025. https://cool.culturalheritage.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-13.html.","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton.","Harris, Emily Anne. (2023, March). A quiet revolution: Exploring eighteenth‑century women's education through Sally Franklin and Polly Stevenson. Benjamin Franklin House. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://benjaminfranklinhouse.org/a-quiet-revolution-exploring-eighteenth-century-womens-education-through-sally-franklin-and-polly-stevenson/.","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273.","Karpinski, Louis Charles, \u0026 Shenton, Walter Francis. (1940). Bibliography of mathematical works printed in America through 1850. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.","\"Listings – Watermark and Countermark Library.\" National Gallery of Australia. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://nga.gov.au/art-artists/conservation/whistlers-watermarks/listings-watermark-and-countermark-library/.","Madigan, Jennifer C. (2009). The education of women and girls in the United States: A historical perspective. Advances in Gender and Education, 1, 11–13.","Palmer, Amy Susan. (2017). If Not for Her Sex: The Mysterious Education of American Women, 1750–1850 (Master's thesis). University of Minnesota.","\"Patterns in Paper: An Introduction to Watermarks Found within Record Office Collections.\" NYCRO Blog, March 14, 2023. https://nycroblog.com/2023/03/14/patterns-in-paper-an-introduction-to-watermarks-found-within-record-office-collections/.","The Artistry of Learning Math: The Ellerton \u0026 Clements Cyphering‑Book Collection. (2022, April). Manuscripts, Library of Congress Blogs. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://blogs.loc.gov/manuscripts/2022/04/the-artistry-of-learning-math-the-ellerton-clements-cyphering-book-collection/.","U.S. Currency Education Program. \"History of U.S. Currency.\" U.S. Currency Education Program. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://www.uscurrency.gov/history.","Winterthur Museum, Garden \u0026 Library. (n.d.). Exercise and cyphering books. Digital Collections. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://digitalcollections.winterthur.org/collections/exercise-and-cyphering-books?utm_source=chatgpt.com.","Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, 1780. Box 3, #1198 V5-10.","This collection contains one Exercise or Cypher Book created by Sally Brown for a classroom environment in the United States of America between 1786 and 1787. It demonstrates basic mathematical and measurement disciplines specifically geared toward a future of work in a mercantile economy. Various 18th century mathematical procedures and some proofs are showcased throughout the Exercise Book.","Exercise Books were common tools for instruction in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They served as workbooks and personal mathematical records, typically showcasing the student's penmanship and understanding of arithmetic. Exercise Books were often kept into adulthood as references for everyday tasks requiring mathematics, spelling, or other subjects, especially for those without access to personal libraries.","Brown's instructor, who is not named in the document, developed instruction and mathematical problems for the Exercise Book that were copied largely from Reverend Thomas Dilworth's \"The Schoolmaster's Assistant,\" though some are their original creation. For example, word problems engaging the student to measure how many buckles could be made of an amount of silver do not appear in Dilworth's original text. On the other hand, the subtraction problem, \"King Charles was beheaded in the year 1648. How many years is it since?\", was paraphrased from his work.","Its topic headings and descriptions are copied in order directly from Dilworth, and include Compound Addition, Money, Apothecary Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, Apothecaries Weight, Long Measure, Cloth Measure, Land Measure, Liquid Measure, Wine Measure, Winchester Measure, Dry Measure, as well as Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Reduction, and the Single Rule of Three Direct, among others.","A section on the \"Exchange of Mony\" indicates that the Exercise Book was created in either New York or Philadelphia. The Exercise Book specifically illustrates problems defining exchange rates between \"Lawful Money,\" \"York Currency,\" \"Sterling,\" \"New York Money,\" and \"Philadelphia Mony.\" A Dutch-style watermark on the back leaf of the cover wrapper suggests that its paper had been either imported or molded after European examples.","Sally Brown's name and signature appear three times in the item, though only one personal annotation was made; beside a division proof she writes, \"...it proves I have not time to get a damn proof[.] I mean that.\"","Resourse List:","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton.","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273.","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, 1786/1787"],"collection_ssim":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, 1786/1787"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16911","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1797"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16911","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1797"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased with the Robert and Virginia Tunstall Trust Fund, 2023/2024. Acquired by Krystal Appiah, 18 July 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Education","Mathematics","Arithmetic -- History -- 18th century","Units of measurement","handbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Education","Mathematics","Arithmetic -- History -- 18th century","Units of measurement","handbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair. Brittle pages. Handle with care."],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet 1 volume in 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet 1 volume in 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["handbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eSally Brown\u003c/persname\u003e attended a schoolhouse or Dame School presumably located in either \u003cgeogname\u003ePhiladelphia\u003c/geogname\u003e or \u003cgeogname\u003eNew York City\u003c/geogname\u003e between \u003cdate\u003e1786\u003c/date\u003e and \u003cdate\u003e1787\u003c/date\u003e. While attending, she developed an Exercise or Cypher Book, which accumulated her mathematics work throughout the academic year. Details of Sally Brown's life, along with that of her instructor, before and after the creation of the Exercise Book are not currently known.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough the circumstances of Sally Brown's education are unclear, it is possible that she was preparing for skills relevant to the commercial world of the time. The Exercise Book's emphasis on the practical uses of mathematics, like measuring alcohol, silver, and grain, demonstrates an essential knowledge base young people needed to participate in the mercantile economies of early American cities. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eReverend Thomas Dilworth\u003c/persname\u003e's The Schoolmaster's Assistant, which Brown's instructor used to create word problems and explain mathematical processes in her Exercise Book, was among the most popular teaching texts in America from its first American printing in \u003cdate\u003e1769\u003c/date\u003e until around \u003cdate\u003e1850\u003c/date\u003e. As Dilworth's book was British in origin, many of his word problems, along with topics of measurement and currency, relied on British systems such as the Pound Sterling, Troy Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, and Winchester Measure. In 1786 and 1787, \u003cgeogname\u003eAmerica\u003c/geogname\u003e had begun legislation that would culminate in the minting of a central currency, but coins would not come to market until at least \u003cdate\u003e1792\u003c/date\u003e, leaving Americans to use predominantly foreign ones such as the Pound Sterling, \u003clanguage\u003eSpanish\u003c/language\u003e Dollar, and \u003clanguage\u003eFrench\u003c/language\u003e Livre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 18th century America, formal education for girls was relatively rare outside of upper-class families, where instruction predominantly covered subjects like philosophy, foreign languages, and household management. Larger towns often had schoolhouses with separate classrooms or designated hours of instruction for female students. However, Dame schools—primary education institutions taught by older women or retired soldiers in the instructor's home—were among the only options available to middle-class boys and girls to learn basic skills like arithmetic and spelling.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe paper cover wrapper's watermark, a Dutch emblem with the words Pro Patria, a lion, and the \"Maid of Dort,\" indicates that the exercise book's paper may have been imported or based on Dutch designs. Pro Patria, which translates to \"For the Fatherland\" in \u003clanguage\u003eLatin\u003c/language\u003e, frequently appeared alongside the \"Maid of Dort,\" a national symbol connected to Dordrecht, the oldest city in \u003cgeogname\u003eHolland\u003c/geogname\u003e. Some American paper mills reproduced the Dutch Pro Patria imprint after the American Revolutionary War, exemplified by letter paper produced at a mill in \u003cgeogname\u003eRichmond, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, and used by \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Jefferson\u003c/persname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResource List:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBarrett, Timothy. \"Early European Papers: Contemporary Conservation and Craft Use.\" The Book and Paper Group Annual 16 (1997). Accessed July 15, 2025. https://cool.culturalheritage.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-13.html. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarris, Emily Anne. (2023, March). A quiet revolution: Exploring eighteenth‑century women's education through Sally Franklin and Polly Stevenson. Benjamin Franklin House. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://benjaminfranklinhouse.org/a-quiet-revolution-exploring-eighteenth-century-womens-education-through-sally-franklin-and-polly-stevenson/. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026amp;action=GET\u0026amp;RECID=2273. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKarpinski, Louis Charles, \u0026amp; Shenton, Walter Francis. (1940). Bibliography of mathematical works printed in America through 1850. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Listings – Watermark and Countermark Library.\" National Gallery of Australia. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://nga.gov.au/art-artists/conservation/whistlers-watermarks/listings-watermark-and-countermark-library/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMadigan, Jennifer C. (2009). The education of women and girls in the United States: A historical perspective. Advances in Gender and Education, 1, 11–13.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePalmer, Amy Susan. (2017). If Not for Her Sex: The Mysterious Education of American Women, 1750–1850 (Master's thesis). University of Minnesota.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Patterns in Paper: An Introduction to Watermarks Found within Record Office Collections.\" NYCRO Blog, March 14, 2023. https://nycroblog.com/2023/03/14/patterns-in-paper-an-introduction-to-watermarks-found-within-record-office-collections/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Artistry of Learning Math: The Ellerton \u0026amp; Clements Cyphering‑Book Collection. (2022, April). Manuscripts, Library of Congress Blogs. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://blogs.loc.gov/manuscripts/2022/04/the-artistry-of-learning-math-the-ellerton-clements-cyphering-book-collection/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Currency Education Program. \"History of U.S. Currency.\" U.S. Currency Education Program. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://www.uscurrency.gov/history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinterthur Museum, Garden \u0026amp; Library. (n.d.). Exercise and cyphering books. Digital Collections. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://digitalcollections.winterthur.org/collections/exercise-and-cyphering-books?utm_source=chatgpt.com.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, 1780. Box 3, #1198 V5-10. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Sally Brown attended a schoolhouse or Dame School presumably located in either Philadelphia or New York City between 1786 and 1787. While attending, she developed an Exercise or Cypher Book, which accumulated her mathematics work throughout the academic year. Details of Sally Brown's life, along with that of her instructor, before and after the creation of the Exercise Book are not currently known.","Although the circumstances of Sally Brown's education are unclear, it is possible that she was preparing for skills relevant to the commercial world of the time. The Exercise Book's emphasis on the practical uses of mathematics, like measuring alcohol, silver, and grain, demonstrates an essential knowledge base young people needed to participate in the mercantile economies of early American cities.","Reverend Thomas Dilworth's The Schoolmaster's Assistant, which Brown's instructor used to create word problems and explain mathematical processes in her Exercise Book, was among the most popular teaching texts in America from its first American printing in 1769 until around 1850. As Dilworth's book was British in origin, many of his word problems, along with topics of measurement and currency, relied on British systems such as the Pound Sterling, Troy Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, and Winchester Measure. In 1786 and 1787, America had begun legislation that would culminate in the minting of a central currency, but coins would not come to market until at least 1792, leaving Americans to use predominantly foreign ones such as the Pound Sterling, Spanish Dollar, and French Livre.","In 18th century America, formal education for girls was relatively rare outside of upper-class families, where instruction predominantly covered subjects like philosophy, foreign languages, and household management. Larger towns often had schoolhouses with separate classrooms or designated hours of instruction for female students. However, Dame schools—primary education institutions taught by older women or retired soldiers in the instructor's home—were among the only options available to middle-class boys and girls to learn basic skills like arithmetic and spelling.","The paper cover wrapper's watermark, a Dutch emblem with the words Pro Patria, a lion, and the \"Maid of Dort,\" indicates that the exercise book's paper may have been imported or based on Dutch designs. Pro Patria, which translates to \"For the Fatherland\" in Latin, frequently appeared alongside the \"Maid of Dort,\" a national symbol connected to Dordrecht, the oldest city in Holland. Some American paper mills reproduced the Dutch Pro Patria imprint after the American Revolutionary War, exemplified by letter paper produced at a mill in Richmond, Virginia, and used by Thomas Jefferson.","Resource List:","Barrett, Timothy. \"Early European Papers: Contemporary Conservation and Craft Use.\" The Book and Paper Group Annual 16 (1997). Accessed July 15, 2025. https://cool.culturalheritage.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-13.html.","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton.","Harris, Emily Anne. (2023, March). A quiet revolution: Exploring eighteenth‑century women's education through Sally Franklin and Polly Stevenson. Benjamin Franklin House. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://benjaminfranklinhouse.org/a-quiet-revolution-exploring-eighteenth-century-womens-education-through-sally-franklin-and-polly-stevenson/.","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273.","Karpinski, Louis Charles, \u0026 Shenton, Walter Francis. (1940). Bibliography of mathematical works printed in America through 1850. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.","\"Listings – Watermark and Countermark Library.\" National Gallery of Australia. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://nga.gov.au/art-artists/conservation/whistlers-watermarks/listings-watermark-and-countermark-library/.","Madigan, Jennifer C. (2009). The education of women and girls in the United States: A historical perspective. Advances in Gender and Education, 1, 11–13.","Palmer, Amy Susan. (2017). If Not for Her Sex: The Mysterious Education of American Women, 1750–1850 (Master's thesis). University of Minnesota.","\"Patterns in Paper: An Introduction to Watermarks Found within Record Office Collections.\" NYCRO Blog, March 14, 2023. https://nycroblog.com/2023/03/14/patterns-in-paper-an-introduction-to-watermarks-found-within-record-office-collections/.","The Artistry of Learning Math: The Ellerton \u0026 Clements Cyphering‑Book Collection. (2022, April). Manuscripts, Library of Congress Blogs. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://blogs.loc.gov/manuscripts/2022/04/the-artistry-of-learning-math-the-ellerton-clements-cyphering-book-collection/.","U.S. Currency Education Program. \"History of U.S. Currency.\" U.S. Currency Education Program. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://www.uscurrency.gov/history.","Winterthur Museum, Garden \u0026 Library. (n.d.). Exercise and cyphering books. Digital Collections. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://digitalcollections.winterthur.org/collections/exercise-and-cyphering-books?utm_source=chatgpt.com.","Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, 1780. Box 3, #1198 V5-10."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16911, Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16911, Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one Exercise or Cypher Book created by \u003cpersname\u003eSally Brown\u003c/persname\u003e for a classroom environment in the United States of America between \u003cdate\u003e1786\u003c/date\u003e and \u003cdate\u003e1787\u003c/date\u003e. It demonstrates basic mathematical and measurement disciplines specifically geared toward a future of work in a mercantile economy. Various 18th century mathematical procedures and some proofs are showcased throughout the Exercise Book.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExercise Books were common tools for instruction in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They served as workbooks and personal mathematical records, typically showcasing the student's penmanship and understanding of arithmetic. Exercise Books were often kept into adulthood as references for everyday tasks requiring mathematics, spelling, or other subjects, especially for those without access to personal libraries. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrown's instructor, who is not named in the document, developed instruction and mathematical problems for the Exercise Book that were copied largely from \u003coccupation\u003eReverend\u003c/occupation\u003e \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Dilworth\u003c/persname\u003e's \"The Schoolmaster's Assistant,\" though some are their original creation. For example, word problems engaging the student to measure how many buckles could be made of an amount of silver do not appear in Dilworth's original text. On the other hand, the subtraction problem, \"King Charles was beheaded in the year \u003cdate\u003e1648\u003c/date\u003e. How many years is it since?\", was paraphrased from his work.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIts topic headings and descriptions are copied in order directly from Dilworth, and include Compound Addition, Money, Apothecary Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, Apothecaries Weight, Long Measure, Cloth Measure, Land Measure, Liquid Measure, Wine Measure, Winchester Measure, Dry Measure, as well as Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Reduction, and the Single Rule of Three Direct, among others.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA section on the \"Exchange of Mony\" indicates that the Exercise Book was created in either \u003cgeogname\u003eNew York\u003c/geogname\u003e or \u003cgeogname\u003ePhiladelphia\u003c/geogname\u003e. The Exercise Book specifically illustrates problems defining exchange rates between \"Lawful Money,\" \"York Currency,\" \"Sterling,\" \"New York Money,\" and \"Philadelphia Mony.\" A Dutch-style watermark on the back leaf of the cover wrapper suggests that its paper had been either imported or molded after European examples.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSally Brown's name and signature appear three times in the item, though only one personal annotation was made; beside a division proof she writes, \"...it proves I have not time to get a damn proof[.] I mean that.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResourse List:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDilworth, Thomas. (1783). \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth\u003c/emph\u003e. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMemory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium\u003c/emph\u003e. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026amp;action=GET\u0026amp;RECID=2273. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one Exercise or Cypher Book created by Sally Brown for a classroom environment in the United States of America between 1786 and 1787. It demonstrates basic mathematical and measurement disciplines specifically geared toward a future of work in a mercantile economy. Various 18th century mathematical procedures and some proofs are showcased throughout the Exercise Book.","Exercise Books were common tools for instruction in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They served as workbooks and personal mathematical records, typically showcasing the student's penmanship and understanding of arithmetic. Exercise Books were often kept into adulthood as references for everyday tasks requiring mathematics, spelling, or other subjects, especially for those without access to personal libraries.","Brown's instructor, who is not named in the document, developed instruction and mathematical problems for the Exercise Book that were copied largely from Reverend Thomas Dilworth's \"The Schoolmaster's Assistant,\" though some are their original creation. For example, word problems engaging the student to measure how many buckles could be made of an amount of silver do not appear in Dilworth's original text. On the other hand, the subtraction problem, \"King Charles was beheaded in the year 1648. How many years is it since?\", was paraphrased from his work.","Its topic headings and descriptions are copied in order directly from Dilworth, and include Compound Addition, Money, Apothecary Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, Apothecaries Weight, Long Measure, Cloth Measure, Land Measure, Liquid Measure, Wine Measure, Winchester Measure, Dry Measure, as well as Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Reduction, and the Single Rule of Three Direct, among others.","A section on the \"Exchange of Mony\" indicates that the Exercise Book was created in either New York or Philadelphia. The Exercise Book specifically illustrates problems defining exchange rates between \"Lawful Money,\" \"York Currency,\" \"Sterling,\" \"New York Money,\" and \"Philadelphia Mony.\" A Dutch-style watermark on the back leaf of the cover wrapper suggests that its paper had been either imported or molded after European examples.","Sally Brown's name and signature appear three times in the item, though only one personal annotation was made; beside a division proof she writes, \"...it proves I have not time to get a damn proof[.] I mean that.\"","Resourse List:","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton.","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1797.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/226410","title_filing_ssi":"Brown, Sally Math Exercise Book","title_ssm":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book"],"title_tesim":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1786-1787"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1787"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1786/1787"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, 1786/1787"],"text":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, 1786/1787","MSS 16911","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1797","Women -- Education","Mathematics","Arithmetic -- History -- 18th century","Units of measurement","handbooks","Fair. Brittle pages. Handle with care.","This collection is open for research use.","Sally Brown attended a schoolhouse or Dame School presumably located in either Philadelphia or New York City between 1786 and 1787. While attending, she developed an Exercise or Cypher Book, which accumulated her mathematics work throughout the academic year. Details of Sally Brown's life, along with that of her instructor, before and after the creation of the Exercise Book are not currently known.","Although the circumstances of Sally Brown's education are unclear, it is possible that she was preparing for skills relevant to the commercial world of the time. The Exercise Book's emphasis on the practical uses of mathematics, like measuring alcohol, silver, and grain, demonstrates an essential knowledge base young people needed to participate in the mercantile economies of early American cities.","Reverend Thomas Dilworth's The Schoolmaster's Assistant, which Brown's instructor used to create word problems and explain mathematical processes in her Exercise Book, was among the most popular teaching texts in America from its first American printing in 1769 until around 1850. As Dilworth's book was British in origin, many of his word problems, along with topics of measurement and currency, relied on British systems such as the Pound Sterling, Troy Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, and Winchester Measure. In 1786 and 1787, America had begun legislation that would culminate in the minting of a central currency, but coins would not come to market until at least 1792, leaving Americans to use predominantly foreign ones such as the Pound Sterling, Spanish Dollar, and French Livre.","In 18th century America, formal education for girls was relatively rare outside of upper-class families, where instruction predominantly covered subjects like philosophy, foreign languages, and household management. Larger towns often had schoolhouses with separate classrooms or designated hours of instruction for female students. However, Dame schools—primary education institutions taught by older women or retired soldiers in the instructor's home—were among the only options available to middle-class boys and girls to learn basic skills like arithmetic and spelling.","The paper cover wrapper's watermark, a Dutch emblem with the words Pro Patria, a lion, and the \"Maid of Dort,\" indicates that the exercise book's paper may have been imported or based on Dutch designs. Pro Patria, which translates to \"For the Fatherland\" in Latin, frequently appeared alongside the \"Maid of Dort,\" a national symbol connected to Dordrecht, the oldest city in Holland. Some American paper mills reproduced the Dutch Pro Patria imprint after the American Revolutionary War, exemplified by letter paper produced at a mill in Richmond, Virginia, and used by Thomas Jefferson.","Resource List:","Barrett, Timothy. \"Early European Papers: Contemporary Conservation and Craft Use.\" The Book and Paper Group Annual 16 (1997). Accessed July 15, 2025. https://cool.culturalheritage.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-13.html.","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton.","Harris, Emily Anne. (2023, March). A quiet revolution: Exploring eighteenth‑century women's education through Sally Franklin and Polly Stevenson. Benjamin Franklin House. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://benjaminfranklinhouse.org/a-quiet-revolution-exploring-eighteenth-century-womens-education-through-sally-franklin-and-polly-stevenson/.","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273.","Karpinski, Louis Charles, \u0026 Shenton, Walter Francis. (1940). Bibliography of mathematical works printed in America through 1850. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.","\"Listings – Watermark and Countermark Library.\" National Gallery of Australia. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://nga.gov.au/art-artists/conservation/whistlers-watermarks/listings-watermark-and-countermark-library/.","Madigan, Jennifer C. (2009). The education of women and girls in the United States: A historical perspective. Advances in Gender and Education, 1, 11–13.","Palmer, Amy Susan. (2017). If Not for Her Sex: The Mysterious Education of American Women, 1750–1850 (Master's thesis). University of Minnesota.","\"Patterns in Paper: An Introduction to Watermarks Found within Record Office Collections.\" NYCRO Blog, March 14, 2023. https://nycroblog.com/2023/03/14/patterns-in-paper-an-introduction-to-watermarks-found-within-record-office-collections/.","The Artistry of Learning Math: The Ellerton \u0026 Clements Cyphering‑Book Collection. (2022, April). Manuscripts, Library of Congress Blogs. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://blogs.loc.gov/manuscripts/2022/04/the-artistry-of-learning-math-the-ellerton-clements-cyphering-book-collection/.","U.S. Currency Education Program. \"History of U.S. Currency.\" U.S. Currency Education Program. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://www.uscurrency.gov/history.","Winterthur Museum, Garden \u0026 Library. (n.d.). Exercise and cyphering books. Digital Collections. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://digitalcollections.winterthur.org/collections/exercise-and-cyphering-books?utm_source=chatgpt.com.","Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, 1780. Box 3, #1198 V5-10.","This collection contains one Exercise or Cypher Book created by Sally Brown for a classroom environment in the United States of America between 1786 and 1787. It demonstrates basic mathematical and measurement disciplines specifically geared toward a future of work in a mercantile economy. Various 18th century mathematical procedures and some proofs are showcased throughout the Exercise Book.","Exercise Books were common tools for instruction in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They served as workbooks and personal mathematical records, typically showcasing the student's penmanship and understanding of arithmetic. Exercise Books were often kept into adulthood as references for everyday tasks requiring mathematics, spelling, or other subjects, especially for those without access to personal libraries.","Brown's instructor, who is not named in the document, developed instruction and mathematical problems for the Exercise Book that were copied largely from Reverend Thomas Dilworth's \"The Schoolmaster's Assistant,\" though some are their original creation. For example, word problems engaging the student to measure how many buckles could be made of an amount of silver do not appear in Dilworth's original text. On the other hand, the subtraction problem, \"King Charles was beheaded in the year 1648. How many years is it since?\", was paraphrased from his work.","Its topic headings and descriptions are copied in order directly from Dilworth, and include Compound Addition, Money, Apothecary Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, Apothecaries Weight, Long Measure, Cloth Measure, Land Measure, Liquid Measure, Wine Measure, Winchester Measure, Dry Measure, as well as Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Reduction, and the Single Rule of Three Direct, among others.","A section on the \"Exchange of Mony\" indicates that the Exercise Book was created in either New York or Philadelphia. The Exercise Book specifically illustrates problems defining exchange rates between \"Lawful Money,\" \"York Currency,\" \"Sterling,\" \"New York Money,\" and \"Philadelphia Mony.\" A Dutch-style watermark on the back leaf of the cover wrapper suggests that its paper had been either imported or molded after European examples.","Sally Brown's name and signature appear three times in the item, though only one personal annotation was made; beside a division proof she writes, \"...it proves I have not time to get a damn proof[.] I mean that.\"","Resourse List:","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton.","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273.","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, 1786/1787"],"collection_ssim":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, 1786/1787"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16911","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1797"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16911","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1797"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased with the Robert and Virginia Tunstall Trust Fund, 2023/2024. Acquired by Krystal Appiah, 18 July 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Education","Mathematics","Arithmetic -- History -- 18th century","Units of measurement","handbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Education","Mathematics","Arithmetic -- History -- 18th century","Units of measurement","handbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair. Brittle pages. Handle with care."],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet 1 volume in 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet 1 volume in 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["handbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eSally Brown\u003c/persname\u003e attended a schoolhouse or Dame School presumably located in either \u003cgeogname\u003ePhiladelphia\u003c/geogname\u003e or \u003cgeogname\u003eNew York City\u003c/geogname\u003e between \u003cdate\u003e1786\u003c/date\u003e and \u003cdate\u003e1787\u003c/date\u003e. While attending, she developed an Exercise or Cypher Book, which accumulated her mathematics work throughout the academic year. Details of Sally Brown's life, along with that of her instructor, before and after the creation of the Exercise Book are not currently known.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough the circumstances of Sally Brown's education are unclear, it is possible that she was preparing for skills relevant to the commercial world of the time. The Exercise Book's emphasis on the practical uses of mathematics, like measuring alcohol, silver, and grain, demonstrates an essential knowledge base young people needed to participate in the mercantile economies of early American cities. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eReverend Thomas Dilworth\u003c/persname\u003e's The Schoolmaster's Assistant, which Brown's instructor used to create word problems and explain mathematical processes in her Exercise Book, was among the most popular teaching texts in America from its first American printing in \u003cdate\u003e1769\u003c/date\u003e until around \u003cdate\u003e1850\u003c/date\u003e. As Dilworth's book was British in origin, many of his word problems, along with topics of measurement and currency, relied on British systems such as the Pound Sterling, Troy Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, and Winchester Measure. In 1786 and 1787, \u003cgeogname\u003eAmerica\u003c/geogname\u003e had begun legislation that would culminate in the minting of a central currency, but coins would not come to market until at least \u003cdate\u003e1792\u003c/date\u003e, leaving Americans to use predominantly foreign ones such as the Pound Sterling, \u003clanguage\u003eSpanish\u003c/language\u003e Dollar, and \u003clanguage\u003eFrench\u003c/language\u003e Livre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 18th century America, formal education for girls was relatively rare outside of upper-class families, where instruction predominantly covered subjects like philosophy, foreign languages, and household management. Larger towns often had schoolhouses with separate classrooms or designated hours of instruction for female students. However, Dame schools—primary education institutions taught by older women or retired soldiers in the instructor's home—were among the only options available to middle-class boys and girls to learn basic skills like arithmetic and spelling.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe paper cover wrapper's watermark, a Dutch emblem with the words Pro Patria, a lion, and the \"Maid of Dort,\" indicates that the exercise book's paper may have been imported or based on Dutch designs. Pro Patria, which translates to \"For the Fatherland\" in \u003clanguage\u003eLatin\u003c/language\u003e, frequently appeared alongside the \"Maid of Dort,\" a national symbol connected to Dordrecht, the oldest city in \u003cgeogname\u003eHolland\u003c/geogname\u003e. Some American paper mills reproduced the Dutch Pro Patria imprint after the American Revolutionary War, exemplified by letter paper produced at a mill in \u003cgeogname\u003eRichmond, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, and used by \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Jefferson\u003c/persname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResource List:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBarrett, Timothy. \"Early European Papers: Contemporary Conservation and Craft Use.\" The Book and Paper Group Annual 16 (1997). Accessed July 15, 2025. https://cool.culturalheritage.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-13.html. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarris, Emily Anne. (2023, March). A quiet revolution: Exploring eighteenth‑century women's education through Sally Franklin and Polly Stevenson. Benjamin Franklin House. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://benjaminfranklinhouse.org/a-quiet-revolution-exploring-eighteenth-century-womens-education-through-sally-franklin-and-polly-stevenson/. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026amp;action=GET\u0026amp;RECID=2273. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKarpinski, Louis Charles, \u0026amp; Shenton, Walter Francis. (1940). Bibliography of mathematical works printed in America through 1850. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Listings – Watermark and Countermark Library.\" National Gallery of Australia. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://nga.gov.au/art-artists/conservation/whistlers-watermarks/listings-watermark-and-countermark-library/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMadigan, Jennifer C. (2009). The education of women and girls in the United States: A historical perspective. Advances in Gender and Education, 1, 11–13.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePalmer, Amy Susan. (2017). If Not for Her Sex: The Mysterious Education of American Women, 1750–1850 (Master's thesis). University of Minnesota.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Patterns in Paper: An Introduction to Watermarks Found within Record Office Collections.\" NYCRO Blog, March 14, 2023. https://nycroblog.com/2023/03/14/patterns-in-paper-an-introduction-to-watermarks-found-within-record-office-collections/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Artistry of Learning Math: The Ellerton \u0026amp; Clements Cyphering‑Book Collection. (2022, April). Manuscripts, Library of Congress Blogs. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://blogs.loc.gov/manuscripts/2022/04/the-artistry-of-learning-math-the-ellerton-clements-cyphering-book-collection/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Currency Education Program. \"History of U.S. Currency.\" U.S. Currency Education Program. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://www.uscurrency.gov/history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWinterthur Museum, Garden \u0026amp; Library. (n.d.). Exercise and cyphering books. Digital Collections. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://digitalcollections.winterthur.org/collections/exercise-and-cyphering-books?utm_source=chatgpt.com.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, 1780. Box 3, #1198 V5-10. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Sally Brown attended a schoolhouse or Dame School presumably located in either Philadelphia or New York City between 1786 and 1787. While attending, she developed an Exercise or Cypher Book, which accumulated her mathematics work throughout the academic year. Details of Sally Brown's life, along with that of her instructor, before and after the creation of the Exercise Book are not currently known.","Although the circumstances of Sally Brown's education are unclear, it is possible that she was preparing for skills relevant to the commercial world of the time. The Exercise Book's emphasis on the practical uses of mathematics, like measuring alcohol, silver, and grain, demonstrates an essential knowledge base young people needed to participate in the mercantile economies of early American cities.","Reverend Thomas Dilworth's The Schoolmaster's Assistant, which Brown's instructor used to create word problems and explain mathematical processes in her Exercise Book, was among the most popular teaching texts in America from its first American printing in 1769 until around 1850. As Dilworth's book was British in origin, many of his word problems, along with topics of measurement and currency, relied on British systems such as the Pound Sterling, Troy Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, and Winchester Measure. In 1786 and 1787, America had begun legislation that would culminate in the minting of a central currency, but coins would not come to market until at least 1792, leaving Americans to use predominantly foreign ones such as the Pound Sterling, Spanish Dollar, and French Livre.","In 18th century America, formal education for girls was relatively rare outside of upper-class families, where instruction predominantly covered subjects like philosophy, foreign languages, and household management. Larger towns often had schoolhouses with separate classrooms or designated hours of instruction for female students. However, Dame schools—primary education institutions taught by older women or retired soldiers in the instructor's home—were among the only options available to middle-class boys and girls to learn basic skills like arithmetic and spelling.","The paper cover wrapper's watermark, a Dutch emblem with the words Pro Patria, a lion, and the \"Maid of Dort,\" indicates that the exercise book's paper may have been imported or based on Dutch designs. Pro Patria, which translates to \"For the Fatherland\" in Latin, frequently appeared alongside the \"Maid of Dort,\" a national symbol connected to Dordrecht, the oldest city in Holland. Some American paper mills reproduced the Dutch Pro Patria imprint after the American Revolutionary War, exemplified by letter paper produced at a mill in Richmond, Virginia, and used by Thomas Jefferson.","Resource List:","Barrett, Timothy. \"Early European Papers: Contemporary Conservation and Craft Use.\" The Book and Paper Group Annual 16 (1997). Accessed July 15, 2025. https://cool.culturalheritage.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-13.html.","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton.","Harris, Emily Anne. (2023, March). A quiet revolution: Exploring eighteenth‑century women's education through Sally Franklin and Polly Stevenson. Benjamin Franklin House. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://benjaminfranklinhouse.org/a-quiet-revolution-exploring-eighteenth-century-womens-education-through-sally-franklin-and-polly-stevenson/.","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273.","Karpinski, Louis Charles, \u0026 Shenton, Walter Francis. (1940). Bibliography of mathematical works printed in America through 1850. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.","\"Listings – Watermark and Countermark Library.\" National Gallery of Australia. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://nga.gov.au/art-artists/conservation/whistlers-watermarks/listings-watermark-and-countermark-library/.","Madigan, Jennifer C. (2009). The education of women and girls in the United States: A historical perspective. Advances in Gender and Education, 1, 11–13.","Palmer, Amy Susan. (2017). If Not for Her Sex: The Mysterious Education of American Women, 1750–1850 (Master's thesis). University of Minnesota.","\"Patterns in Paper: An Introduction to Watermarks Found within Record Office Collections.\" NYCRO Blog, March 14, 2023. https://nycroblog.com/2023/03/14/patterns-in-paper-an-introduction-to-watermarks-found-within-record-office-collections/.","The Artistry of Learning Math: The Ellerton \u0026 Clements Cyphering‑Book Collection. (2022, April). Manuscripts, Library of Congress Blogs. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://blogs.loc.gov/manuscripts/2022/04/the-artistry-of-learning-math-the-ellerton-clements-cyphering-book-collection/.","U.S. Currency Education Program. \"History of U.S. Currency.\" U.S. Currency Education Program. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://www.uscurrency.gov/history.","Winterthur Museum, Garden \u0026 Library. (n.d.). Exercise and cyphering books. Digital Collections. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://digitalcollections.winterthur.org/collections/exercise-and-cyphering-books?utm_source=chatgpt.com.","Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, 1780. Box 3, #1198 V5-10."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16911, Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16911, Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one Exercise or Cypher Book created by \u003cpersname\u003eSally Brown\u003c/persname\u003e for a classroom environment in the United States of America between \u003cdate\u003e1786\u003c/date\u003e and \u003cdate\u003e1787\u003c/date\u003e. It demonstrates basic mathematical and measurement disciplines specifically geared toward a future of work in a mercantile economy. Various 18th century mathematical procedures and some proofs are showcased throughout the Exercise Book.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExercise Books were common tools for instruction in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They served as workbooks and personal mathematical records, typically showcasing the student's penmanship and understanding of arithmetic. Exercise Books were often kept into adulthood as references for everyday tasks requiring mathematics, spelling, or other subjects, especially for those without access to personal libraries. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrown's instructor, who is not named in the document, developed instruction and mathematical problems for the Exercise Book that were copied largely from \u003coccupation\u003eReverend\u003c/occupation\u003e \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Dilworth\u003c/persname\u003e's \"The Schoolmaster's Assistant,\" though some are their original creation. For example, word problems engaging the student to measure how many buckles could be made of an amount of silver do not appear in Dilworth's original text. On the other hand, the subtraction problem, \"King Charles was beheaded in the year \u003cdate\u003e1648\u003c/date\u003e. How many years is it since?\", was paraphrased from his work.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIts topic headings and descriptions are copied in order directly from Dilworth, and include Compound Addition, Money, Apothecary Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, Apothecaries Weight, Long Measure, Cloth Measure, Land Measure, Liquid Measure, Wine Measure, Winchester Measure, Dry Measure, as well as Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Reduction, and the Single Rule of Three Direct, among others.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA section on the \"Exchange of Mony\" indicates that the Exercise Book was created in either \u003cgeogname\u003eNew York\u003c/geogname\u003e or \u003cgeogname\u003ePhiladelphia\u003c/geogname\u003e. The Exercise Book specifically illustrates problems defining exchange rates between \"Lawful Money,\" \"York Currency,\" \"Sterling,\" \"New York Money,\" and \"Philadelphia Mony.\" A Dutch-style watermark on the back leaf of the cover wrapper suggests that its paper had been either imported or molded after European examples.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSally Brown's name and signature appear three times in the item, though only one personal annotation was made; beside a division proof she writes, \"...it proves I have not time to get a damn proof[.] I mean that.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResourse List:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDilworth, Thomas. (1783). \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth\u003c/emph\u003e. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMemory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium\u003c/emph\u003e. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026amp;action=GET\u0026amp;RECID=2273. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one Exercise or Cypher Book created by Sally Brown for a classroom environment in the United States of America between 1786 and 1787. It demonstrates basic mathematical and measurement disciplines specifically geared toward a future of work in a mercantile economy. Various 18th century mathematical procedures and some proofs are showcased throughout the Exercise Book.","Exercise Books were common tools for instruction in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They served as workbooks and personal mathematical records, typically showcasing the student's penmanship and understanding of arithmetic. Exercise Books were often kept into adulthood as references for everyday tasks requiring mathematics, spelling, or other subjects, especially for those without access to personal libraries.","Brown's instructor, who is not named in the document, developed instruction and mathematical problems for the Exercise Book that were copied largely from Reverend Thomas Dilworth's \"The Schoolmaster's Assistant,\" though some are their original creation. For example, word problems engaging the student to measure how many buckles could be made of an amount of silver do not appear in Dilworth's original text. On the other hand, the subtraction problem, \"King Charles was beheaded in the year 1648. How many years is it since?\", was paraphrased from his work.","Its topic headings and descriptions are copied in order directly from Dilworth, and include Compound Addition, Money, Apothecary Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, Apothecaries Weight, Long Measure, Cloth Measure, Land Measure, Liquid Measure, Wine Measure, Winchester Measure, Dry Measure, as well as Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Reduction, and the Single Rule of Three Direct, among others.","A section on the \"Exchange of Mony\" indicates that the Exercise Book was created in either New York or Philadelphia. The Exercise Book specifically illustrates problems defining exchange rates between \"Lawful Money,\" \"York Currency,\" \"Sterling,\" \"New York Money,\" and \"Philadelphia Mony.\" A Dutch-style watermark on the back leaf of the cover wrapper suggests that its paper had been either imported or molded after European examples.","Sally Brown's name and signature appear three times in the item, though only one personal annotation was made; beside a division proof she writes, \"...it proves I have not time to get a damn proof[.] I mean that.\"","Resourse List:","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton.","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1797"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Longwood University","value":"Longwood 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