{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=War\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=War\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":4,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_191","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_191#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Nagurney, Mr.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_191#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_191#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_191","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_191","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_191","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_191","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_191.xml","title_ssm":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"title_tesim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1923 - 1933"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1923 - 1933"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0200","/repositories/2/resources/191"],"text":["C0200","/repositories/2/resources/191","Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection","Manchuria (China)","China","Collodion process","Lantern slides","War crimes","War","Mukden Incident, China, 1931","War casualties","Artillery","Glass negatives","Collection is open to research.","The entire collection is available online through the  .  You can also access the digital items through the inventory on this finding aid.","Arranged into four series.","Series Series 1: Negatives, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 2: Maps, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 3: War Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Boxes 1-2) Series 4: General Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Box 2)","The majority of the photographs in this collection appear to document the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. On September 19, 1931, the Kwantung Army of the Empire of Japan invaded Manchuria following the Mukden (Manchurian) Incident.","Processed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. EAD created by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections of lantern slides.","The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. The maps mainly show Jehol Province, which in 1955 was dissolved and incorporated into several other provinces. The maps highlight several passes in Jehol strategically important for the Japanese invasion. Other maps in the collection include larger areas of the Republic of China, areas of China under Communist control prior to the Chinese Civil War, and maps of Asia and Eurasia. The photo slides show various images of war throughout a possible 10 to 20 year period. The images include; soldiers in and out of combat, soldiers transporting weapons, soldiers demonstrating and displaying weapons, civilian casualties, destruction of cities, rebuilding of cities, armored vehicles and buildings around Manchuria. Images of soldiers could be from both Chinese and Japanese armies. "," Series 1 consists of four glass negatives. The negatives feature images of soldiers in combat and are reproduced as lantern slides in the general collection. "," Series 2 consists of map slides. Several slides depict maps of Jehol province dated to 1933. Maps of Jehol highlight areas of strategic importance for the Japanese invasion, routes of transportation, and combat maneuvers. Other maps in this series include larger maps of China, maps of Asia, maps of Eastern Hemisphere with the Eurasian continent highlighted and maps of areas of interest for the Japanese Empire."," Series 3 contains photographic slides relating to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other conflicts in the region during a similar time period. Images represented in these slides include pictures relating to all aspects of war and conflict. Many of the images document the damage inflicted on urban areas in China, including the destruction of entire cities. Civilians in these images go about their daily business amongst demolished buildings and rubble strewn streets. Several images document the Chinese and Japanese armies' use of weaponry and combat tactics. Weapons such as armored trains, first introduced in China during the Japanese invasion, cannon, mortar and machine guns are picture in use and for display purposes. Images of soldiers show them in active combat and occupying war camps. Lastly, graphic images of war casualties show bodies burned and assembled in large piles and mass graves. "," Series 4 contains photographic slides of Manchuria and other areas. Photographs in this series depict urban areas of China, featuring scenes of residents and soldiers populating city streets and public squares. Images in this series also highlight historically and culturally significant architecture showing both Western and Chinese style buildings. Also included in this series are images of battleships and other large ships at sea and a major port. ","Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Japan. Rikugun","Nagurney, Mr.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0200","/repositories/2/resources/191"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"collection_ssim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Manchuria (China)","China"],"geogname_ssim":["Manchuria (China)","China"],"creator_ssm":["Nagurney, Mr."],"creator_ssim":["Nagurney, Mr."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Nagurney, Mr."],"creators_ssim":["Nagurney, Mr."],"places_ssim":["Manchuria (China)","China"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Mr. Nagurney in 1978."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Collodion process","Lantern slides","War crimes","War","Mukden Incident, China, 1931","War casualties","Artillery","Glass negatives"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Collodion process","Lantern slides","War crimes","War","Mukden Incident, China, 1931","War casualties","Artillery","Glass negatives"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is available online through the \u003cextptr href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMUDPSdps~29~29\" title=\"Japanese invasion of Manchuria collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.  You can also access the digital items through the inventory on this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["The entire collection is available online through the  .  You can also access the digital items through the inventory on this finding aid."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into four series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Negatives, 1920s-1930s (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Maps, 1920s-1930s (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: War Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: General Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Box 2)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into four series.","Series Series 1: Negatives, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 2: Maps, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 3: War Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Boxes 1-2) Series 4: General Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Box 2)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the photographs in this collection appear to document the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. On September 19, 1931, the Kwantung Army of the Empire of Japan invaded Manchuria following the Mukden (Manchurian) Incident.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The majority of the photographs in this collection appear to document the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. On September 19, 1931, the Kwantung Army of the Empire of Japan invaded Manchuria following the Mukden (Manchurian) Incident."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJapanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection, C0200, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection, C0200, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. EAD created by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. EAD created by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections of lantern slides.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections of lantern slides."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. The maps mainly show Jehol Province, which in 1955 was dissolved and incorporated into several other provinces. The maps highlight several passes in Jehol strategically important for the Japanese invasion. Other maps in the collection include larger areas of the Republic of China, areas of China under Communist control prior to the Chinese Civil War, and maps of Asia and Eurasia. The photo slides show various images of war throughout a possible 10 to 20 year period. The images include; soldiers in and out of combat, soldiers transporting weapons, soldiers demonstrating and displaying weapons, civilian casualties, destruction of cities, rebuilding of cities, armored vehicles and buildings around Manchuria. Images of soldiers could be from both Chinese and Japanese armies. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 1 consists of four glass negatives. The negatives feature images of soldiers in combat and are reproduced as lantern slides in the general collection. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 2 consists of map slides. Several slides depict maps of Jehol province dated to 1933. Maps of Jehol highlight areas of strategic importance for the Japanese invasion, routes of transportation, and combat maneuvers. Other maps in this series include larger maps of China, maps of Asia, maps of Eastern Hemisphere with the Eurasian continent highlighted and maps of areas of interest for the Japanese Empire.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 3 contains photographic slides relating to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other conflicts in the region during a similar time period. Images represented in these slides include pictures relating to all aspects of war and conflict. Many of the images document the damage inflicted on urban areas in China, including the destruction of entire cities. Civilians in these images go about their daily business amongst demolished buildings and rubble strewn streets. Several images document the Chinese and Japanese armies' use of weaponry and combat tactics. Weapons such as armored trains, first introduced in China during the Japanese invasion, cannon, mortar and machine guns are picture in use and for display purposes. Images of soldiers show them in active combat and occupying war camps. Lastly, graphic images of war casualties show bodies burned and assembled in large piles and mass graves. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 4 contains photographic slides of Manchuria and other areas. Photographs in this series depict urban areas of China, featuring scenes of residents and soldiers populating city streets and public squares. Images in this series also highlight historically and culturally significant architecture showing both Western and Chinese style buildings. Also included in this series are images of battleships and other large ships at sea and a major port. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. The maps mainly show Jehol Province, which in 1955 was dissolved and incorporated into several other provinces. The maps highlight several passes in Jehol strategically important for the Japanese invasion. Other maps in the collection include larger areas of the Republic of China, areas of China under Communist control prior to the Chinese Civil War, and maps of Asia and Eurasia. The photo slides show various images of war throughout a possible 10 to 20 year period. The images include; soldiers in and out of combat, soldiers transporting weapons, soldiers demonstrating and displaying weapons, civilian casualties, destruction of cities, rebuilding of cities, armored vehicles and buildings around Manchuria. Images of soldiers could be from both Chinese and Japanese armies. "," Series 1 consists of four glass negatives. The negatives feature images of soldiers in combat and are reproduced as lantern slides in the general collection. "," Series 2 consists of map slides. Several slides depict maps of Jehol province dated to 1933. Maps of Jehol highlight areas of strategic importance for the Japanese invasion, routes of transportation, and combat maneuvers. Other maps in this series include larger maps of China, maps of Asia, maps of Eastern Hemisphere with the Eurasian continent highlighted and maps of areas of interest for the Japanese Empire."," Series 3 contains photographic slides relating to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other conflicts in the region during a similar time period. Images represented in these slides include pictures relating to all aspects of war and conflict. Many of the images document the damage inflicted on urban areas in China, including the destruction of entire cities. Civilians in these images go about their daily business amongst demolished buildings and rubble strewn streets. Several images document the Chinese and Japanese armies' use of weaponry and combat tactics. Weapons such as armored trains, first introduced in China during the Japanese invasion, cannon, mortar and machine guns are picture in use and for display purposes. Images of soldiers show them in active combat and occupying war camps. Lastly, graphic images of war casualties show bodies burned and assembled in large piles and mass graves. "," Series 4 contains photographic slides of Manchuria and other areas. Photographs in this series depict urban areas of China, featuring scenes of residents and soldiers populating city streets and public squares. Images in this series also highlight historically and culturally significant architecture showing both Western and Chinese style buildings. Also included in this series are images of battleships and other large ships at sea and a major port. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e09b4d420beb4280c6f583203812a7f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933."],"names_coll_ssim":["Japan. Rikugun"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Japan. Rikugun","Nagurney, Mr."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Japan. Rikugun"],"persname_ssim":["Nagurney, Mr."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":107,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:23:25.700Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_191","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_191","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_191","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_191","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_191.xml","title_ssm":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"title_tesim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1923 - 1933"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1923 - 1933"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0200","/repositories/2/resources/191"],"text":["C0200","/repositories/2/resources/191","Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection","Manchuria (China)","China","Collodion process","Lantern slides","War crimes","War","Mukden Incident, China, 1931","War casualties","Artillery","Glass negatives","Collection is open to research.","The entire collection is available online through the  .  You can also access the digital items through the inventory on this finding aid.","Arranged into four series.","Series Series 1: Negatives, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 2: Maps, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 3: War Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Boxes 1-2) Series 4: General Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Box 2)","The majority of the photographs in this collection appear to document the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. On September 19, 1931, the Kwantung Army of the Empire of Japan invaded Manchuria following the Mukden (Manchurian) Incident.","Processed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. EAD created by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections of lantern slides.","The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. The maps mainly show Jehol Province, which in 1955 was dissolved and incorporated into several other provinces. The maps highlight several passes in Jehol strategically important for the Japanese invasion. Other maps in the collection include larger areas of the Republic of China, areas of China under Communist control prior to the Chinese Civil War, and maps of Asia and Eurasia. The photo slides show various images of war throughout a possible 10 to 20 year period. The images include; soldiers in and out of combat, soldiers transporting weapons, soldiers demonstrating and displaying weapons, civilian casualties, destruction of cities, rebuilding of cities, armored vehicles and buildings around Manchuria. Images of soldiers could be from both Chinese and Japanese armies. "," Series 1 consists of four glass negatives. The negatives feature images of soldiers in combat and are reproduced as lantern slides in the general collection. "," Series 2 consists of map slides. Several slides depict maps of Jehol province dated to 1933. Maps of Jehol highlight areas of strategic importance for the Japanese invasion, routes of transportation, and combat maneuvers. Other maps in this series include larger maps of China, maps of Asia, maps of Eastern Hemisphere with the Eurasian continent highlighted and maps of areas of interest for the Japanese Empire."," Series 3 contains photographic slides relating to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other conflicts in the region during a similar time period. Images represented in these slides include pictures relating to all aspects of war and conflict. Many of the images document the damage inflicted on urban areas in China, including the destruction of entire cities. Civilians in these images go about their daily business amongst demolished buildings and rubble strewn streets. Several images document the Chinese and Japanese armies' use of weaponry and combat tactics. Weapons such as armored trains, first introduced in China during the Japanese invasion, cannon, mortar and machine guns are picture in use and for display purposes. Images of soldiers show them in active combat and occupying war camps. Lastly, graphic images of war casualties show bodies burned and assembled in large piles and mass graves. "," Series 4 contains photographic slides of Manchuria and other areas. Photographs in this series depict urban areas of China, featuring scenes of residents and soldiers populating city streets and public squares. Images in this series also highlight historically and culturally significant architecture showing both Western and Chinese style buildings. Also included in this series are images of battleships and other large ships at sea and a major port. ","Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Japan. Rikugun","Nagurney, Mr.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0200","/repositories/2/resources/191"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"collection_ssim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Manchuria (China)","China"],"geogname_ssim":["Manchuria (China)","China"],"creator_ssm":["Nagurney, Mr."],"creator_ssim":["Nagurney, Mr."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Nagurney, Mr."],"creators_ssim":["Nagurney, Mr."],"places_ssim":["Manchuria (China)","China"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Mr. Nagurney in 1978."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Collodion process","Lantern slides","War crimes","War","Mukden Incident, China, 1931","War casualties","Artillery","Glass negatives"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Collodion process","Lantern slides","War crimes","War","Mukden Incident, China, 1931","War casualties","Artillery","Glass negatives"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe entire collection is available online through the \u003cextptr href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMUDPSdps~29~29\" title=\"Japanese invasion of Manchuria collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.  You can also access the digital items through the inventory on this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["The entire collection is available online through the  .  You can also access the digital items through the inventory on this finding aid."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into four series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Negatives, 1920s-1930s (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Maps, 1920s-1930s (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: War Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: General Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Box 2)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into four series.","Series Series 1: Negatives, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 2: Maps, 1920s-1930s (Box 1) Series 3: War Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Boxes 1-2) Series 4: General Photographs, 1920s-1930s (Box 2)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the photographs in this collection appear to document the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. On September 19, 1931, the Kwantung Army of the Empire of Japan invaded Manchuria following the Mukden (Manchurian) Incident.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The majority of the photographs in this collection appear to document the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. On September 19, 1931, the Kwantung Army of the Empire of Japan invaded Manchuria following the Mukden (Manchurian) Incident."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJapanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection, C0200, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection, C0200, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. EAD created by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011. EAD created by Kristen Korfitzen in November 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections of lantern slides.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections of lantern slides."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. The maps mainly show Jehol Province, which in 1955 was dissolved and incorporated into several other provinces. The maps highlight several passes in Jehol strategically important for the Japanese invasion. Other maps in the collection include larger areas of the Republic of China, areas of China under Communist control prior to the Chinese Civil War, and maps of Asia and Eurasia. The photo slides show various images of war throughout a possible 10 to 20 year period. The images include; soldiers in and out of combat, soldiers transporting weapons, soldiers demonstrating and displaying weapons, civilian casualties, destruction of cities, rebuilding of cities, armored vehicles and buildings around Manchuria. Images of soldiers could be from both Chinese and Japanese armies. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 1 consists of four glass negatives. The negatives feature images of soldiers in combat and are reproduced as lantern slides in the general collection. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 2 consists of map slides. Several slides depict maps of Jehol province dated to 1933. Maps of Jehol highlight areas of strategic importance for the Japanese invasion, routes of transportation, and combat maneuvers. Other maps in this series include larger maps of China, maps of Asia, maps of Eastern Hemisphere with the Eurasian continent highlighted and maps of areas of interest for the Japanese Empire.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 3 contains photographic slides relating to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other conflicts in the region during a similar time period. Images represented in these slides include pictures relating to all aspects of war and conflict. Many of the images document the damage inflicted on urban areas in China, including the destruction of entire cities. Civilians in these images go about their daily business amongst demolished buildings and rubble strewn streets. Several images document the Chinese and Japanese armies' use of weaponry and combat tactics. Weapons such as armored trains, first introduced in China during the Japanese invasion, cannon, mortar and machine guns are picture in use and for display purposes. Images of soldiers show them in active combat and occupying war camps. Lastly, graphic images of war casualties show bodies burned and assembled in large piles and mass graves. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 4 contains photographic slides of Manchuria and other areas. Photographs in this series depict urban areas of China, featuring scenes of residents and soldiers populating city streets and public squares. Images in this series also highlight historically and culturally significant architecture showing both Western and Chinese style buildings. Also included in this series are images of battleships and other large ships at sea and a major port. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933. The maps mainly show Jehol Province, which in 1955 was dissolved and incorporated into several other provinces. The maps highlight several passes in Jehol strategically important for the Japanese invasion. Other maps in the collection include larger areas of the Republic of China, areas of China under Communist control prior to the Chinese Civil War, and maps of Asia and Eurasia. The photo slides show various images of war throughout a possible 10 to 20 year period. The images include; soldiers in and out of combat, soldiers transporting weapons, soldiers demonstrating and displaying weapons, civilian casualties, destruction of cities, rebuilding of cities, armored vehicles and buildings around Manchuria. Images of soldiers could be from both Chinese and Japanese armies. "," Series 1 consists of four glass negatives. The negatives feature images of soldiers in combat and are reproduced as lantern slides in the general collection. "," Series 2 consists of map slides. Several slides depict maps of Jehol province dated to 1933. Maps of Jehol highlight areas of strategic importance for the Japanese invasion, routes of transportation, and combat maneuvers. Other maps in this series include larger maps of China, maps of Asia, maps of Eastern Hemisphere with the Eurasian continent highlighted and maps of areas of interest for the Japanese Empire."," Series 3 contains photographic slides relating to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and other conflicts in the region during a similar time period. Images represented in these slides include pictures relating to all aspects of war and conflict. Many of the images document the damage inflicted on urban areas in China, including the destruction of entire cities. Civilians in these images go about their daily business amongst demolished buildings and rubble strewn streets. Several images document the Chinese and Japanese armies' use of weaponry and combat tactics. Weapons such as armored trains, first introduced in China during the Japanese invasion, cannon, mortar and machine guns are picture in use and for display purposes. Images of soldiers show them in active combat and occupying war camps. Lastly, graphic images of war casualties show bodies burned and assembled in large piles and mass graves. "," Series 4 contains photographic slides of Manchuria and other areas. Photographs in this series depict urban areas of China, featuring scenes of residents and soldiers populating city streets and public squares. Images in this series also highlight historically and culturally significant architecture showing both Western and Chinese style buildings. Also included in this series are images of battleships and other large ships at sea and a major port. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials created prior to 1925 are in the Public Domain. These materials have no known restrictions.","The copyright and related rights status of materials created after 1925 have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8e09b4d420beb4280c6f583203812a7f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection consists of 99 lantern slides and 4 glass negatives. The majority of the slides show images of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932, but many also show images of conflict from earlier periods possibly including the Chinese revolution of 1911 and the reign of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin. Some slides in the collection are dated and several images show weapons, tanks and trains that were not introduced into China until the Japanese invasion in the 1930s. Several of the slides are maps dated to 1933."],"names_coll_ssim":["Japan. Rikugun"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Japan. Rikugun","Nagurney, Mr."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Japan. Rikugun"],"persname_ssim":["Nagurney, Mr."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":107,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:23:25.700Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_191"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_702","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Two Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_702#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_702#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Two Civil War letters on shared official stationery paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_702#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_702","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_702","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_702","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_702","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_702.xml","title_ssm":["Two Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer"],"title_tesim":["Two Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer"],"unitdate_ssm":["September 28, 1862"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["September 28, 1862"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0426","/repositories/2/resources/702"],"text":["C0426","/repositories/2/resources/702","Two Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","War","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"Battle Unit Details: Union Connecticut Volunteers.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-battle-units-detail.htm.","\"Civil War Envelopes \u0026 Stationery.\" n.d. Library Company of Philadelphia Digital Collections. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora:CVEN1.","\"Daniel Gilbert Marshall (1843-1931).\" n.d. Find a Grave. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/47863052/daniel_gilbert-marshall.","Dougherty, Dorothy. 2021. \"Across and Down: An Unusual Civil War Letter.\"  National Archives: Pieces of History  (blog). December 22, 2021. https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2021/12/22/across-and-down-an-unusual-civil-war-letter/.","\"Search For Soldiers.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-soldiers.htm.","\"Soldier Details: Marshall, Daniel G.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-soldiers-detail.htm.","Daniel G. Marshall and the soldier identified only as \"Homer\" both served with the Union Connecticut Volunteers' 19th Regiment Infantry, which was organized at Litchfield, Connecticut from July 25 through September 9, 1862. On September 15, the Regiment left Connecticut for Washington, D.C., and assumed guard and patrol duty at Alexandria, Virginia until January 12, 1863. On November 23, 1863, the designation of the Regiment was changed to 2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery. According to the  National Parks Service Civil War database  there are 7 soldiers listed as belonging to the 19th Regiment Infantry with the name of \"Homer.\"","Daniel G. Marshall was born on May 14, 1843 in Lisbon, New York and joined the Union Connecticut Volunteers as a Private. He survived the Civil War, eventually exiting military service at the rank of Corporal, and married Betsey Ann Chamberlain in 1866. He died on June 19, 1931 at the age of 88 and is buried in Center Cemetery in New Milford, Connecticut.","In the early years of the Civil War, between 1861-1862, stationers, printers, and publishers created stationery and envelopes bearing colorful patriotic designs and slogans, including military figures, state seals, eagles, and flags, to promote support for the war. While these were primarily published by companies in Northern states, a small number were printed bearing anti-Union imagery by Confederate states as well. Paper and postage were valuable commodities for both Union and Confederate soldiers and combined with the constant and sometimes unpredictable movement of locations creative steps were often taken to conserve paper and the number of letters being sent. These included cross-writing, which involved turning paper 90-degrees and writing between the already written lines, writing in the margins, addressing letters to a general group of friends to be shared, and in some cases sharing paper with fellow soldiers.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2024.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other  Civil War collections , including other pieces of correspondence.","Two Civil War letters on shared official stationery paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer. The paper had been folded in half, with each soldier writing on both the front and back of one half. ","In his letter, addressed \"Dear friend,\" Daniel reassures the recipient of his health and safety, passes along updates on other soldiers known by the recipient or those back home, and asks the recipient to please write with updates and to pass his letter and news along to his parents and other friends. The letter written by Homer, addressed informally possibly to his sister \"Hatt\" or \"Hal,\" covers similar topics as Daniel's letter, but the tone is more playful in parts and also includes details on the writer's experience on patrol duty in Alexandria, direct criticisms of the \"rebels,\" and recounting of acts of violence he has witnessed.","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Two Civil War letters on shared official stationery paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer.","R 71, C 1, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. Connecticut Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1863)","Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977","Marshall, Daniel G., 1843-1931","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["C0426","/repositories/2/resources/702"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Two Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer"],"collection_title_tesim":["Two Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer"],"collection_ssim":["Two Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"creator_ssm":["Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977","Marshall, Daniel G., 1843-1931"],"creator_ssim":["Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977","Marshall, Daniel G., 1843-1931"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977","Marshall, Daniel G., 1843-1931"],"creators_ssim":["Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977","Marshall, Daniel G., 1843-1931"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated By C. Harrison Mann."],"access_subjects_ssim":["War","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["War","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1862],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Battle Unit Details: Union Connecticut Volunteers.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-battle-units-detail.htm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Civil War Envelopes \u0026amp; Stationery.\" n.d. Library Company of Philadelphia Digital Collections. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora:CVEN1.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Daniel Gilbert Marshall (1843-1931).\" n.d. Find a Grave. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/47863052/daniel_gilbert-marshall.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDougherty, Dorothy. 2021. \"Across and Down: An Unusual Civil War Letter.\" \u003ctitle\u003eNational Archives: Pieces of History\u003c/title\u003e (blog). December 22, 2021. https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2021/12/22/across-and-down-an-unusual-civil-war-letter/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Search For Soldiers.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-soldiers.htm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Soldier Details: Marshall, Daniel G.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-soldiers-detail.htm.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Battle Unit Details: Union Connecticut Volunteers.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-battle-units-detail.htm.","\"Civil War Envelopes \u0026 Stationery.\" n.d. Library Company of Philadelphia Digital Collections. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora:CVEN1.","\"Daniel Gilbert Marshall (1843-1931).\" n.d. Find a Grave. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/47863052/daniel_gilbert-marshall.","Dougherty, Dorothy. 2021. \"Across and Down: An Unusual Civil War Letter.\"  National Archives: Pieces of History  (blog). December 22, 2021. https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2021/12/22/across-and-down-an-unusual-civil-war-letter/.","\"Search For Soldiers.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-soldiers.htm.","\"Soldier Details: Marshall, Daniel G.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-soldiers-detail.htm."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDaniel G. Marshall and the soldier identified only as \"Homer\" both served with the Union Connecticut Volunteers' 19th Regiment Infantry, which was organized at Litchfield, Connecticut from July 25 through September 9, 1862. On September 15, the Regiment left Connecticut for Washington, D.C., and assumed guard and patrol duty at Alexandria, Virginia until January 12, 1863. On November 23, 1863, the designation of the Regiment was changed to 2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-soldiers.htm#sort=score+desc\u0026amp;q=%222nd+Regiment,+Connecticut+Heavy+Artillery%22+AND+%22Homer%22\"\u003eNational Parks Service Civil War database\u003c/a\u003e there are 7 soldiers listed as belonging to the 19th Regiment Infantry with the name of \"Homer.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDaniel G. Marshall was born on May 14, 1843 in Lisbon, New York and joined the Union Connecticut Volunteers as a Private. He survived the Civil War, eventually exiting military service at the rank of Corporal, and married Betsey Ann Chamberlain in 1866. He died on June 19, 1931 at the age of 88 and is buried in Center Cemetery in New Milford, Connecticut.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the early years of the Civil War, between 1861-1862, stationers, printers, and publishers created stationery and envelopes bearing colorful patriotic designs and slogans, including military figures, state seals, eagles, and flags, to promote support for the war. While these were primarily published by companies in Northern states, a small number were printed bearing anti-Union imagery by Confederate states as well. Paper and postage were valuable commodities for both Union and Confederate soldiers and combined with the constant and sometimes unpredictable movement of locations creative steps were often taken to conserve paper and the number of letters being sent. These included cross-writing, which involved turning paper 90-degrees and writing between the already written lines, writing in the margins, addressing letters to a general group of friends to be shared, and in some cases sharing paper with fellow soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Daniel G. Marshall and the soldier identified only as \"Homer\" both served with the Union Connecticut Volunteers' 19th Regiment Infantry, which was organized at Litchfield, Connecticut from July 25 through September 9, 1862. On September 15, the Regiment left Connecticut for Washington, D.C., and assumed guard and patrol duty at Alexandria, Virginia until January 12, 1863. On November 23, 1863, the designation of the Regiment was changed to 2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery. According to the  National Parks Service Civil War database  there are 7 soldiers listed as belonging to the 19th Regiment Infantry with the name of \"Homer.\"","Daniel G. Marshall was born on May 14, 1843 in Lisbon, New York and joined the Union Connecticut Volunteers as a Private. He survived the Civil War, eventually exiting military service at the rank of Corporal, and married Betsey Ann Chamberlain in 1866. He died on June 19, 1931 at the age of 88 and is buried in Center Cemetery in New Milford, Connecticut.","In the early years of the Civil War, between 1861-1862, stationers, printers, and publishers created stationery and envelopes bearing colorful patriotic designs and slogans, including military figures, state seals, eagles, and flags, to promote support for the war. While these were primarily published by companies in Northern states, a small number were printed bearing anti-Union imagery by Confederate states as well. Paper and postage were valuable commodities for both Union and Confederate soldiers and combined with the constant and sometimes unpredictable movement of locations creative steps were often taken to conserve paper and the number of letters being sent. These included cross-writing, which involved turning paper 90-degrees and writing between the already written lines, writing in the margins, addressing letters to a general group of friends to be shared, and in some cases sharing paper with fellow soldiers."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer, C0426, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Two Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer, C0426, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85140205\"\u003eCivil War collections\u003c/a\u003e, including other pieces of correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other  Civil War collections , including other pieces of correspondence."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo Civil War letters on shared official stationery paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer. The paper had been folded in half, with each soldier writing on both the front and back of one half. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his letter, addressed \"Dear friend,\" Daniel reassures the recipient of his health and safety, passes along updates on other soldiers known by the recipient or those back home, and asks the recipient to please write with updates and to pass his letter and news along to his parents and other friends. The letter written by Homer, addressed informally possibly to his sister \"Hatt\" or \"Hal,\" covers similar topics as Daniel's letter, but the tone is more playful in parts and also includes details on the writer's experience on patrol duty in Alexandria, direct criticisms of the \"rebels,\" and recounting of acts of violence he has witnessed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Two Civil War letters on shared official stationery paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer. The paper had been folded in half, with each soldier writing on both the front and back of one half. ","In his letter, addressed \"Dear friend,\" Daniel reassures the recipient of his health and safety, passes along updates on other soldiers known by the recipient or those back home, and asks the recipient to please write with updates and to pass his letter and news along to his parents and other friends. The letter written by Homer, addressed informally possibly to his sister \"Hatt\" or \"Hal,\" covers similar topics as Daniel's letter, but the tone is more playful in parts and also includes details on the writer's experience on patrol duty in Alexandria, direct criticisms of the \"rebels,\" and recounting of acts of violence he has witnessed."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1526c74475b30bc1f3535d40ab7540c5\"\u003eTwo Civil War letters on shared official stationery paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Two Civil War letters on shared official stationery paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b967a51e404eb0df7878ab6a0f03f949\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 6"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Connecticut Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1863)","Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. Connecticut Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1863)","Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977","Marshall, Daniel G., 1843-1931"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. Connecticut Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1863)"],"persname_ssim":["Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977","Marshall, Daniel G., 1843-1931"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:27:54.262Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_702","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_702","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_702","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_702","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_702.xml","title_ssm":["Two Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer"],"title_tesim":["Two Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer"],"unitdate_ssm":["September 28, 1862"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["September 28, 1862"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0426","/repositories/2/resources/702"],"text":["C0426","/repositories/2/resources/702","Two Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","War","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"Battle Unit Details: Union Connecticut Volunteers.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-battle-units-detail.htm.","\"Civil War Envelopes \u0026 Stationery.\" n.d. Library Company of Philadelphia Digital Collections. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora:CVEN1.","\"Daniel Gilbert Marshall (1843-1931).\" n.d. Find a Grave. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/47863052/daniel_gilbert-marshall.","Dougherty, Dorothy. 2021. \"Across and Down: An Unusual Civil War Letter.\"  National Archives: Pieces of History  (blog). December 22, 2021. https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2021/12/22/across-and-down-an-unusual-civil-war-letter/.","\"Search For Soldiers.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-soldiers.htm.","\"Soldier Details: Marshall, Daniel G.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-soldiers-detail.htm.","Daniel G. Marshall and the soldier identified only as \"Homer\" both served with the Union Connecticut Volunteers' 19th Regiment Infantry, which was organized at Litchfield, Connecticut from July 25 through September 9, 1862. On September 15, the Regiment left Connecticut for Washington, D.C., and assumed guard and patrol duty at Alexandria, Virginia until January 12, 1863. On November 23, 1863, the designation of the Regiment was changed to 2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery. According to the  National Parks Service Civil War database  there are 7 soldiers listed as belonging to the 19th Regiment Infantry with the name of \"Homer.\"","Daniel G. Marshall was born on May 14, 1843 in Lisbon, New York and joined the Union Connecticut Volunteers as a Private. He survived the Civil War, eventually exiting military service at the rank of Corporal, and married Betsey Ann Chamberlain in 1866. He died on June 19, 1931 at the age of 88 and is buried in Center Cemetery in New Milford, Connecticut.","In the early years of the Civil War, between 1861-1862, stationers, printers, and publishers created stationery and envelopes bearing colorful patriotic designs and slogans, including military figures, state seals, eagles, and flags, to promote support for the war. While these were primarily published by companies in Northern states, a small number were printed bearing anti-Union imagery by Confederate states as well. Paper and postage were valuable commodities for both Union and Confederate soldiers and combined with the constant and sometimes unpredictable movement of locations creative steps were often taken to conserve paper and the number of letters being sent. These included cross-writing, which involved turning paper 90-degrees and writing between the already written lines, writing in the margins, addressing letters to a general group of friends to be shared, and in some cases sharing paper with fellow soldiers.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2024.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other  Civil War collections , including other pieces of correspondence.","Two Civil War letters on shared official stationery paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer. The paper had been folded in half, with each soldier writing on both the front and back of one half. ","In his letter, addressed \"Dear friend,\" Daniel reassures the recipient of his health and safety, passes along updates on other soldiers known by the recipient or those back home, and asks the recipient to please write with updates and to pass his letter and news along to his parents and other friends. The letter written by Homer, addressed informally possibly to his sister \"Hatt\" or \"Hal,\" covers similar topics as Daniel's letter, but the tone is more playful in parts and also includes details on the writer's experience on patrol duty in Alexandria, direct criticisms of the \"rebels,\" and recounting of acts of violence he has witnessed.","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Two Civil War letters on shared official stationery paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer.","R 71, C 1, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. Connecticut Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1863)","Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977","Marshall, Daniel G., 1843-1931","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["C0426","/repositories/2/resources/702"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Two Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer"],"collection_title_tesim":["Two Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer"],"collection_ssim":["Two Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"creator_ssm":["Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977","Marshall, Daniel G., 1843-1931"],"creator_ssim":["Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977","Marshall, Daniel G., 1843-1931"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977","Marshall, Daniel G., 1843-1931"],"creators_ssim":["Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977","Marshall, Daniel G., 1843-1931"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated By C. Harrison Mann."],"access_subjects_ssim":["War","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["War","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1862],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Battle Unit Details: Union Connecticut Volunteers.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-battle-units-detail.htm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Civil War Envelopes \u0026amp; Stationery.\" n.d. Library Company of Philadelphia Digital Collections. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora:CVEN1.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Daniel Gilbert Marshall (1843-1931).\" n.d. Find a Grave. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/47863052/daniel_gilbert-marshall.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDougherty, Dorothy. 2021. \"Across and Down: An Unusual Civil War Letter.\" \u003ctitle\u003eNational Archives: Pieces of History\u003c/title\u003e (blog). December 22, 2021. https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2021/12/22/across-and-down-an-unusual-civil-war-letter/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Search For Soldiers.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-soldiers.htm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Soldier Details: Marshall, Daniel G.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-soldiers-detail.htm.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Battle Unit Details: Union Connecticut Volunteers.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-battle-units-detail.htm.","\"Civil War Envelopes \u0026 Stationery.\" n.d. Library Company of Philadelphia Digital Collections. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://digital.librarycompany.org/islandora/object/Islandora:CVEN1.","\"Daniel Gilbert Marshall (1843-1931).\" n.d. Find a Grave. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/47863052/daniel_gilbert-marshall.","Dougherty, Dorothy. 2021. \"Across and Down: An Unusual Civil War Letter.\"  National Archives: Pieces of History  (blog). December 22, 2021. https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2021/12/22/across-and-down-an-unusual-civil-war-letter/.","\"Search For Soldiers.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-soldiers.htm.","\"Soldier Details: Marshall, Daniel G.\" n.d. National Park Service: The Civil War. Accessed March 12, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/civilwar/search-soldiers-detail.htm."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDaniel G. Marshall and the soldier identified only as \"Homer\" both served with the Union Connecticut Volunteers' 19th Regiment Infantry, which was organized at Litchfield, Connecticut from July 25 through September 9, 1862. On September 15, the Regiment left Connecticut for Washington, D.C., and assumed guard and patrol duty at Alexandria, Virginia until January 12, 1863. On November 23, 1863, the designation of the Regiment was changed to 2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-soldiers.htm#sort=score+desc\u0026amp;q=%222nd+Regiment,+Connecticut+Heavy+Artillery%22+AND+%22Homer%22\"\u003eNational Parks Service Civil War database\u003c/a\u003e there are 7 soldiers listed as belonging to the 19th Regiment Infantry with the name of \"Homer.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDaniel G. Marshall was born on May 14, 1843 in Lisbon, New York and joined the Union Connecticut Volunteers as a Private. He survived the Civil War, eventually exiting military service at the rank of Corporal, and married Betsey Ann Chamberlain in 1866. He died on June 19, 1931 at the age of 88 and is buried in Center Cemetery in New Milford, Connecticut.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the early years of the Civil War, between 1861-1862, stationers, printers, and publishers created stationery and envelopes bearing colorful patriotic designs and slogans, including military figures, state seals, eagles, and flags, to promote support for the war. While these were primarily published by companies in Northern states, a small number were printed bearing anti-Union imagery by Confederate states as well. Paper and postage were valuable commodities for both Union and Confederate soldiers and combined with the constant and sometimes unpredictable movement of locations creative steps were often taken to conserve paper and the number of letters being sent. These included cross-writing, which involved turning paper 90-degrees and writing between the already written lines, writing in the margins, addressing letters to a general group of friends to be shared, and in some cases sharing paper with fellow soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Daniel G. Marshall and the soldier identified only as \"Homer\" both served with the Union Connecticut Volunteers' 19th Regiment Infantry, which was organized at Litchfield, Connecticut from July 25 through September 9, 1862. On September 15, the Regiment left Connecticut for Washington, D.C., and assumed guard and patrol duty at Alexandria, Virginia until January 12, 1863. On November 23, 1863, the designation of the Regiment was changed to 2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery. According to the  National Parks Service Civil War database  there are 7 soldiers listed as belonging to the 19th Regiment Infantry with the name of \"Homer.\"","Daniel G. Marshall was born on May 14, 1843 in Lisbon, New York and joined the Union Connecticut Volunteers as a Private. He survived the Civil War, eventually exiting military service at the rank of Corporal, and married Betsey Ann Chamberlain in 1866. He died on June 19, 1931 at the age of 88 and is buried in Center Cemetery in New Milford, Connecticut.","In the early years of the Civil War, between 1861-1862, stationers, printers, and publishers created stationery and envelopes bearing colorful patriotic designs and slogans, including military figures, state seals, eagles, and flags, to promote support for the war. While these were primarily published by companies in Northern states, a small number were printed bearing anti-Union imagery by Confederate states as well. Paper and postage were valuable commodities for both Union and Confederate soldiers and combined with the constant and sometimes unpredictable movement of locations creative steps were often taken to conserve paper and the number of letters being sent. These included cross-writing, which involved turning paper 90-degrees and writing between the already written lines, writing in the margins, addressing letters to a general group of friends to be shared, and in some cases sharing paper with fellow soldiers."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer, C0426, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Two Civil War letters on shared paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer, C0426, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85140205\"\u003eCivil War collections\u003c/a\u003e, including other pieces of correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other  Civil War collections , including other pieces of correspondence."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo Civil War letters on shared official stationery paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer. The paper had been folded in half, with each soldier writing on both the front and back of one half. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his letter, addressed \"Dear friend,\" Daniel reassures the recipient of his health and safety, passes along updates on other soldiers known by the recipient or those back home, and asks the recipient to please write with updates and to pass his letter and news along to his parents and other friends. The letter written by Homer, addressed informally possibly to his sister \"Hatt\" or \"Hal,\" covers similar topics as Daniel's letter, but the tone is more playful in parts and also includes details on the writer's experience on patrol duty in Alexandria, direct criticisms of the \"rebels,\" and recounting of acts of violence he has witnessed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Two Civil War letters on shared official stationery paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer. The paper had been folded in half, with each soldier writing on both the front and back of one half. ","In his letter, addressed \"Dear friend,\" Daniel reassures the recipient of his health and safety, passes along updates on other soldiers known by the recipient or those back home, and asks the recipient to please write with updates and to pass his letter and news along to his parents and other friends. The letter written by Homer, addressed informally possibly to his sister \"Hatt\" or \"Hal,\" covers similar topics as Daniel's letter, but the tone is more playful in parts and also includes details on the writer's experience on patrol duty in Alexandria, direct criticisms of the \"rebels,\" and recounting of acts of violence he has witnessed."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1526c74475b30bc1f3535d40ab7540c5\"\u003eTwo Civil War letters on shared official stationery paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Two Civil War letters on shared official stationery paper signed by Union soldiers Daniel G. Marshall and Homer."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b967a51e404eb0df7878ab6a0f03f949\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 6"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Connecticut Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1863)","Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. Connecticut Infantry Regiment, 19th (1862-1863)","Mann, Charles Harrison, Jr., 1908-1977","Marshall, Daniel G., 1843-1931"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Until 1889, the party was controlled by a conservative faction committed to a purely political program following the views of socialist theoretician Ferdinand Lassalle. In the 1890s, the Lassallean wing was overtaken by a more radical faction under the leadership of Daniel De Leon, transforming the SLP's platform into one focused on militant trade unionism and political action, and taking stands against the party's previous position of political reform and the trade union activity of the American Federation of Labor.","Beginning in 1900, the SLP saw a group of moderates, led by Morris Hillquit and known as the \"Kangaroos,\" split from the party and advocate a return to a more conservative socialist program, eventually joining with the Social Democratic Party to establish the Socialist Party of America in 1901. This split, followed by De Leon's death in 1914, led to a swift decline in the SLP's activity, which became largely restricted to purely educational agitation, although the party would continue to field national tickets in every presidential campaign from 1892 through 1976 and publish the official newspaper \"Weekly People\" until the closure of its national office on September 1, 2008.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in January 2026.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to  United States government and politics .","New York University's Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives holds the  Socialist Labor Party Records .","Double-sided printed broadside titled \"War\" published in 1939 by the Socialist Labor Party of America advocating for protest against capitalism. 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The remainder of the front includes text arranged into three columns and continues onto the reverse side, which also includes a coupon for requesting additional information the party and a sample copy of  \"Weekly People\" the party's official publication.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Double-sided printed broadside titled \"War\" published in 1939 by the Socialist Labor Party of America advocating for protest against capitalism.","R 73, C 2, S 4","George Mason University. Libraries. 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The remainder of the front includes text arranged into three columns and continues onto the reverse side, which also includes a coupon for requesting additional information the party and a sample copy of  \"Weekly People\" the party's official publication."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b841e9cd182222f4a7e8be5de0bd1f3b\"\u003eDouble-sided printed broadside titled \"War\" published in 1939 by the Socialist Labor Party of America advocating for protest against capitalism.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Double-sided printed broadside titled \"War\" published in 1939 by the Socialist Labor Party of America advocating for protest against capitalism."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_01085868db563f50560843a712470a9e\"\u003eR 73, C 2, S 4\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 73, C 2, S 4"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. 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This split, followed by De Leon's death in 1914, led to a swift decline in the SLP's activity, which became largely restricted to purely educational agitation, although the party would continue to field national tickets in every presidential campaign from 1892 through 1976 and publish the official newspaper \"Weekly People\" until the closure of its national office on September 1, 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Established in 1876 as the Workingmen's Party and renamed in 1877, the Socialist Labor Party (SLP) is the oldest socialist political party in the United States, and the second oldest socialist party in the world. Until 1889, the party was controlled by a conservative faction committed to a purely political program following the views of socialist theoretician Ferdinand Lassalle. 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Wagner Labor Archives holds the \u003ca href=\"https://findingaids.library.nyu.edu/tamwag/tam_056_003/\"\u003eSocialist Labor Party Records\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to  United States government and politics .","New York University's Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives holds the  Socialist Labor Party Records ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDouble-sided printed broadside titled \"War\" published in 1939 by the Socialist Labor Party of America advocating for protest against capitalism. The front side features a header reading \"Socialist Labor Party of America\" centered between two identical illustrations of an arm holding a hammer. 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Ryan, O.B.E typed manuscript","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_774#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ryan, O.B.E, Colonel E.P.J.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_774#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Typed manuscript written by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E recounting the security arrangements for the Big Three, particularly British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, at the 1943 Tehran Conference.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_774#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_774","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_774","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_774","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_774","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_774.xml","title_filing_ssi":"\"We Were Not Shadows\" by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E typed manuscript","title_ssm":["\"We Were Not Shadows\" by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E typed manuscript"],"title_tesim":["\"We Were Not Shadows\" by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E typed manuscript"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1955-1965"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1955-1965"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0549","/repositories/2/resources/774"],"text":["C0549","/repositories/2/resources/774","\"We Were Not Shadows\" by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E typed manuscript","World War, 1939-1945","War","Manuscripts","Photographs","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","AbeBooks. n.d. \"We Were Not Shadows. Persia and Iraq Command, 1943-1945. by TEHRAN CONFERENCE - RYAN, E. P. J. | Peter Harrington. ABA/ ILAB.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.abebooks.co.uk/first-edition/Shadows-Persia-Iraq-Command-1943-1945-TEHRAN/31951341128/bd.","Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. n.d. \"Tehran Conference.\" Britannica. Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.britannica.com/event/Tehran-Conference.","Imperial War Museums. n.d. \"The Big Three and the Tehran Conference.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-big-three-and-the-tehran-conference.","Office of the Historian. n.d. \"Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/tehran-conf.","The Gazette. 2024. \"What Is the Difference between a CBE, OBE, MBE and a Knighthood?\" January 4. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/awards-and-accreditation/content/103372.","Edward Patrick John Ryan was a British Indian Army career soldier and intelligence officer. In 1943, Colonel Ryan held the position of Deputy Director Military Intelligence, Paiforce, under the direction of General Arthur Selby, and was in charge of Prime Minster Winston Churchill's security arrangements for his visit to Tehran, Iran to participate in the meeting known as The Tehran Conference. During World War II (WWII), Colonel Ryan was awarded both Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) and the U.S. Legion of Merit. In 1949, he was promoted to the substantive rank of Major and granted the honorary rank of Full Colonel in the Intelligence Corps. While Ryan appears to have entered civilian life soon after the end of WWII, becoming the Cairo-based representative of the Society of British Aircraft Constructors in late 1945, he officially retired as an Intelligence Corps. reserve officer in 1956.","The Tehran Conference, code-named \"Eureka\" during the planning stages, was the first in-person meeting between the \"Big Three\" leaders of the Allied Powers during WWII: U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. The meeting took place in Tehran, Iran between November 28 – December 1, 1943. The main focus of the meeting was coordination of military strategy against Germany and Japan, particularly the opening of a \"second front\" in western Europe, the launch of \"Operation Overlord\" by British and American forces into Northern France (which was subsequently executed in May 1944), and agreement that the Soviet Union would declare war against Japan following the Allied victory over Germany (with concessions from Roosevelt regarding Soviet ownership of islands and ports that would be finalized at the Yalta Conference in 1945). The meeting also saw discussions of long-range political planning for the post WWII era, including revision of Poland's eastern border (which was ratified at the Potsdam Conference in 1945), negotiations about the status of the Republics of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia in regard to the Soviet Union, the composition of the future United Nations, the possible postwar partition of Germany, and a declaration guaranteeing the postwar independence and territorial integrity of the conference's host country of Iran.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in April 2026.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to  World War II , including  Jerome Lawlor World War II scrapbook  and  Daniel Monson World War II aviation collection .","Typed manuscript written by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E, Persia and Iraq Command, 1943-1945 recounting the security arrangements for the Big Three, particularly British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, at the Tehran Conference from November 28 – December 1, 1943. The manuscript is contained in an enclosure, with title and author information typed on the front cover and on the first interior page. The inside of the front cover contains handwritten information likely pertaining to previous owners of the manuscript. The manuscript is divided into 17 chapters (written using Roman numerals) and one Prologue, written in first-person, and includes 101 numbered pages, with an additional three unnumbered pages containing pasted in actual black and white photographs of locations, people, and events related to the Tehran Conference, with typed captions under each photograph. A note at the front of the manuscript indicates that these photographs are \"from the Imperial War Museum\" in London, England. Prologue, Chapter, and photograph locations are listed in a Table of Contents at the beginning of the manuscript, with photographs being listed under the heading \"Illustrations.\"","Date information is based on indication in the manuscript itself that writing was started after Colonel Ryan's 1955 return visit to Tehran and indication in the final chapter that Winston Churchill (1874-1965) is still alive at time of its completion.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Typed manuscript written by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E recounting the security arrangements for the Big Three, particularly British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, at the 1943 Tehran Conference.","R 73, C 2, S 4","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teheran Conference (1943 : Tehran, Iran)","Ryan, O.B.E, Colonel E.P.J.","Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965","Roosevelt, Franklin D. 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Persia and Iraq Command, 1943-1945. by TEHRAN CONFERENCE - RYAN, E. P. J. | Peter Harrington. ABA/ ILAB.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.abebooks.co.uk/first-edition/Shadows-Persia-Iraq-Command-1943-1945-TEHRAN/31951341128/bd.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBritannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. n.d. \"Tehran Conference.\" Britannica. Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.britannica.com/event/Tehran-Conference.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eImperial War Museums. n.d. \"The Big Three and the Tehran Conference.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-big-three-and-the-tehran-conference.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOffice of the Historian. n.d. \"Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/tehran-conf.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Gazette. 2024. \"What Is the Difference between a CBE, OBE, MBE and a Knighthood?\" January 4. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/awards-and-accreditation/content/103372.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["AbeBooks. n.d. \"We Were Not Shadows. Persia and Iraq Command, 1943-1945. by TEHRAN CONFERENCE - RYAN, E. P. J. | Peter Harrington. ABA/ ILAB.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.abebooks.co.uk/first-edition/Shadows-Persia-Iraq-Command-1943-1945-TEHRAN/31951341128/bd.","Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. n.d. \"Tehran Conference.\" Britannica. Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.britannica.com/event/Tehran-Conference.","Imperial War Museums. n.d. \"The Big Three and the Tehran Conference.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-big-three-and-the-tehran-conference.","Office of the Historian. n.d. \"Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/tehran-conf.","The Gazette. 2024. \"What Is the Difference between a CBE, OBE, MBE and a Knighthood?\" January 4. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/awards-and-accreditation/content/103372."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward Patrick John Ryan was a British Indian Army career soldier and intelligence officer. In 1943, Colonel Ryan held the position of Deputy Director Military Intelligence, Paiforce, under the direction of General Arthur Selby, and was in charge of Prime Minster Winston Churchill's security arrangements for his visit to Tehran, Iran to participate in the meeting known as The Tehran Conference. During World War II (WWII), Colonel Ryan was awarded both Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) and the U.S. Legion of Merit. In 1949, he was promoted to the substantive rank of Major and granted the honorary rank of Full Colonel in the Intelligence Corps. While Ryan appears to have entered civilian life soon after the end of WWII, becoming the Cairo-based representative of the Society of British Aircraft Constructors in late 1945, he officially retired as an Intelligence Corps. reserve officer in 1956.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Tehran Conference, code-named \"Eureka\" during the planning stages, was the first in-person meeting between the \"Big Three\" leaders of the Allied Powers during WWII: U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. The meeting took place in Tehran, Iran between November 28 – December 1, 1943. The main focus of the meeting was coordination of military strategy against Germany and Japan, particularly the opening of a \"second front\" in western Europe, the launch of \"Operation Overlord\" by British and American forces into Northern France (which was subsequently executed in May 1944), and agreement that the Soviet Union would declare war against Japan following the Allied victory over Germany (with concessions from Roosevelt regarding Soviet ownership of islands and ports that would be finalized at the Yalta Conference in 1945). The meeting also saw discussions of long-range political planning for the post WWII era, including revision of Poland's eastern border (which was ratified at the Potsdam Conference in 1945), negotiations about the status of the Republics of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia in regard to the Soviet Union, the composition of the future United Nations, the possible postwar partition of Germany, and a declaration guaranteeing the postwar independence and territorial integrity of the conference's host country of Iran.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward Patrick John Ryan was a British Indian Army career soldier and intelligence officer. In 1943, Colonel Ryan held the position of Deputy Director Military Intelligence, Paiforce, under the direction of General Arthur Selby, and was in charge of Prime Minster Winston Churchill's security arrangements for his visit to Tehran, Iran to participate in the meeting known as The Tehran Conference. During World War II (WWII), Colonel Ryan was awarded both Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) and the U.S. Legion of Merit. In 1949, he was promoted to the substantive rank of Major and granted the honorary rank of Full Colonel in the Intelligence Corps. While Ryan appears to have entered civilian life soon after the end of WWII, becoming the Cairo-based representative of the Society of British Aircraft Constructors in late 1945, he officially retired as an Intelligence Corps. reserve officer in 1956.","The Tehran Conference, code-named \"Eureka\" during the planning stages, was the first in-person meeting between the \"Big Three\" leaders of the Allied Powers during WWII: U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. The meeting took place in Tehran, Iran between November 28 – December 1, 1943. The main focus of the meeting was coordination of military strategy against Germany and Japan, particularly the opening of a \"second front\" in western Europe, the launch of \"Operation Overlord\" by British and American forces into Northern France (which was subsequently executed in May 1944), and agreement that the Soviet Union would declare war against Japan following the Allied victory over Germany (with concessions from Roosevelt regarding Soviet ownership of islands and ports that would be finalized at the Yalta Conference in 1945). The meeting also saw discussions of long-range political planning for the post WWII era, including revision of Poland's eastern border (which was ratified at the Potsdam Conference in 1945), negotiations about the status of the Republics of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia in regard to the Soviet Union, the composition of the future United Nations, the possible postwar partition of Germany, and a declaration guaranteeing the postwar independence and territorial integrity of the conference's host country of Iran."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"We Were Not Shadows\" by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E typed manuscript, C0549, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["\"We Were Not Shadows\" by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E typed manuscript, C0549, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2026. 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Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in April 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85148273\"\u003eWorld War II\u003c/a\u003e, including \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0318\"\u003eJerome Lawlor World War II scrapbook\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0323\"\u003eDaniel Monson World War II aviation collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to  World War II , including  Jerome Lawlor World War II scrapbook  and  Daniel Monson World War II aviation collection ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTyped manuscript written by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E, Persia and Iraq Command, 1943-1945 recounting the security arrangements for the Big Three, particularly British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, at the Tehran Conference from November 28 – December 1, 1943. The manuscript is contained in an enclosure, with title and author information typed on the front cover and on the first interior page. The inside of the front cover contains handwritten information likely pertaining to previous owners of the manuscript. The manuscript is divided into 17 chapters (written using Roman numerals) and one Prologue, written in first-person, and includes 101 numbered pages, with an additional three unnumbered pages containing pasted in actual black and white photographs of locations, people, and events related to the Tehran Conference, with typed captions under each photograph. A note at the front of the manuscript indicates that these photographs are \"from the Imperial War Museum\" in London, England. Prologue, Chapter, and photograph locations are listed in a Table of Contents at the beginning of the manuscript, with photographs being listed under the heading \"Illustrations.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDate information is based on indication in the manuscript itself that writing was started after Colonel Ryan's 1955 return visit to Tehran and indication in the final chapter that Winston Churchill (1874-1965) is still alive at time of its completion.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Typed manuscript written by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E, Persia and Iraq Command, 1943-1945 recounting the security arrangements for the Big Three, particularly British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, at the Tehran Conference from November 28 – December 1, 1943. The manuscript is contained in an enclosure, with title and author information typed on the front cover and on the first interior page. The inside of the front cover contains handwritten information likely pertaining to previous owners of the manuscript. The manuscript is divided into 17 chapters (written using Roman numerals) and one Prologue, written in first-person, and includes 101 numbered pages, with an additional three unnumbered pages containing pasted in actual black and white photographs of locations, people, and events related to the Tehran Conference, with typed captions under each photograph. A note at the front of the manuscript indicates that these photographs are \"from the Imperial War Museum\" in London, England. 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Ryan, O.B.E recounting the security arrangements for the Big Three, particularly British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, at the 1943 Tehran Conference.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Typed manuscript written by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E recounting the security arrangements for the Big Three, particularly British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, at the 1943 Tehran Conference."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_9f5c9305c056d2cdee9aef0b36a7a0e5\"\u003eR 73, C 2, S 4\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 73, C 2, S 4"],"names_coll_ssim":["Teheran Conference (1943 : Tehran, Iran)","Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Stalin, Joseph, 1878-1953"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teheran Conference (1943 : Tehran, Iran)","Ryan, O.B.E, Colonel E.P.J.","Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965","Roosevelt, Franklin D. 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ABA/ ILAB.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.abebooks.co.uk/first-edition/Shadows-Persia-Iraq-Command-1943-1945-TEHRAN/31951341128/bd.","Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. n.d. \"Tehran Conference.\" Britannica. Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.britannica.com/event/Tehran-Conference.","Imperial War Museums. n.d. \"The Big Three and the Tehran Conference.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-big-three-and-the-tehran-conference.","Office of the Historian. n.d. \"Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/tehran-conf.","The Gazette. 2024. \"What Is the Difference between a CBE, OBE, MBE and a Knighthood?\" January 4. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/awards-and-accreditation/content/103372.","Edward Patrick John Ryan was a British Indian Army career soldier and intelligence officer. In 1943, Colonel Ryan held the position of Deputy Director Military Intelligence, Paiforce, under the direction of General Arthur Selby, and was in charge of Prime Minster Winston Churchill's security arrangements for his visit to Tehran, Iran to participate in the meeting known as The Tehran Conference. During World War II (WWII), Colonel Ryan was awarded both Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) and the U.S. Legion of Merit. In 1949, he was promoted to the substantive rank of Major and granted the honorary rank of Full Colonel in the Intelligence Corps. While Ryan appears to have entered civilian life soon after the end of WWII, becoming the Cairo-based representative of the Society of British Aircraft Constructors in late 1945, he officially retired as an Intelligence Corps. reserve officer in 1956.","The Tehran Conference, code-named \"Eureka\" during the planning stages, was the first in-person meeting between the \"Big Three\" leaders of the Allied Powers during WWII: U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. The meeting took place in Tehran, Iran between November 28 – December 1, 1943. The main focus of the meeting was coordination of military strategy against Germany and Japan, particularly the opening of a \"second front\" in western Europe, the launch of \"Operation Overlord\" by British and American forces into Northern France (which was subsequently executed in May 1944), and agreement that the Soviet Union would declare war against Japan following the Allied victory over Germany (with concessions from Roosevelt regarding Soviet ownership of islands and ports that would be finalized at the Yalta Conference in 1945). The meeting also saw discussions of long-range political planning for the post WWII era, including revision of Poland's eastern border (which was ratified at the Potsdam Conference in 1945), negotiations about the status of the Republics of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia in regard to the Soviet Union, the composition of the future United Nations, the possible postwar partition of Germany, and a declaration guaranteeing the postwar independence and territorial integrity of the conference's host country of Iran.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in April 2026.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to  World War II , including  Jerome Lawlor World War II scrapbook  and  Daniel Monson World War II aviation collection .","Typed manuscript written by Colonel E.P.J. 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Persia and Iraq Command, 1943-1945. by TEHRAN CONFERENCE - RYAN, E. P. J. | Peter Harrington. ABA/ ILAB.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.abebooks.co.uk/first-edition/Shadows-Persia-Iraq-Command-1943-1945-TEHRAN/31951341128/bd.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBritannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. n.d. \"Tehran Conference.\" Britannica. 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ABA/ ILAB.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.abebooks.co.uk/first-edition/Shadows-Persia-Iraq-Command-1943-1945-TEHRAN/31951341128/bd.","Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. n.d. \"Tehran Conference.\" Britannica. Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.britannica.com/event/Tehran-Conference.","Imperial War Museums. n.d. \"The Big Three and the Tehran Conference.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-big-three-and-the-tehran-conference.","Office of the Historian. n.d. \"Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations.\" Accessed April 1, 2026. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/tehran-conf.","The Gazette. 2024. \"What Is the Difference between a CBE, OBE, MBE and a Knighthood?\" January 4. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/awards-and-accreditation/content/103372."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward Patrick John Ryan was a British Indian Army career soldier and intelligence officer. 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While Ryan appears to have entered civilian life soon after the end of WWII, becoming the Cairo-based representative of the Society of British Aircraft Constructors in late 1945, he officially retired as an Intelligence Corps. reserve officer in 1956.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Tehran Conference, code-named \"Eureka\" during the planning stages, was the first in-person meeting between the \"Big Three\" leaders of the Allied Powers during WWII: U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. The meeting took place in Tehran, Iran between November 28 – December 1, 1943. The main focus of the meeting was coordination of military strategy against Germany and Japan, particularly the opening of a \"second front\" in western Europe, the launch of \"Operation Overlord\" by British and American forces into Northern France (which was subsequently executed in May 1944), and agreement that the Soviet Union would declare war against Japan following the Allied victory over Germany (with concessions from Roosevelt regarding Soviet ownership of islands and ports that would be finalized at the Yalta Conference in 1945). The meeting also saw discussions of long-range political planning for the post WWII era, including revision of Poland's eastern border (which was ratified at the Potsdam Conference in 1945), negotiations about the status of the Republics of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia in regard to the Soviet Union, the composition of the future United Nations, the possible postwar partition of Germany, and a declaration guaranteeing the postwar independence and territorial integrity of the conference's host country of Iran.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward Patrick John Ryan was a British Indian Army career soldier and intelligence officer. 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While Ryan appears to have entered civilian life soon after the end of WWII, becoming the Cairo-based representative of the Society of British Aircraft Constructors in late 1945, he officially retired as an Intelligence Corps. reserve officer in 1956.","The Tehran Conference, code-named \"Eureka\" during the planning stages, was the first in-person meeting between the \"Big Three\" leaders of the Allied Powers during WWII: U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. The meeting took place in Tehran, Iran between November 28 – December 1, 1943. The main focus of the meeting was coordination of military strategy against Germany and Japan, particularly the opening of a \"second front\" in western Europe, the launch of \"Operation Overlord\" by British and American forces into Northern France (which was subsequently executed in May 1944), and agreement that the Soviet Union would declare war against Japan following the Allied victory over Germany (with concessions from Roosevelt regarding Soviet ownership of islands and ports that would be finalized at the Yalta Conference in 1945). The meeting also saw discussions of long-range political planning for the post WWII era, including revision of Poland's eastern border (which was ratified at the Potsdam Conference in 1945), negotiations about the status of the Republics of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia in regard to the Soviet Union, the composition of the future United Nations, the possible postwar partition of Germany, and a declaration guaranteeing the postwar independence and territorial integrity of the conference's host country of Iran."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"We Were Not Shadows\" by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E typed manuscript, C0549, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["\"We Were Not Shadows\" by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E typed manuscript, C0549, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in March 2026. 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Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in April 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85148273\"\u003eWorld War II\u003c/a\u003e, including \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0318\"\u003eJerome Lawlor World War II scrapbook\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0323\"\u003eDaniel Monson World War II aviation collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to  World War II , including  Jerome Lawlor World War II scrapbook  and  Daniel Monson World War II aviation collection ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTyped manuscript written by Colonel E.P.J. 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Prologue, Chapter, and photograph locations are listed in a Table of Contents at the beginning of the manuscript, with photographs being listed under the heading \"Illustrations.\"","Date information is based on indication in the manuscript itself that writing was started after Colonel Ryan's 1955 return visit to Tehran and indication in the final chapter that Winston Churchill (1874-1965) is still alive at time of its completion."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d4706800841dad6d10d1dda7e488435c\"\u003eTyped manuscript written by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E recounting the security arrangements for the Big Three, particularly British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, at the 1943 Tehran Conference.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Typed manuscript written by Colonel E.P.J. Ryan, O.B.E recounting the security arrangements for the Big Three, particularly British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, at the 1943 Tehran Conference."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_9f5c9305c056d2cdee9aef0b36a7a0e5\"\u003eR 73, C 2, S 4\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 73, C 2, S 4"],"names_coll_ssim":["Teheran Conference (1943 : Tehran, Iran)","Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Stalin, Joseph, 1878-1953"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teheran Conference (1943 : Tehran, Iran)","Ryan, O.B.E, Colonel E.P.J.","Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965","Roosevelt, Franklin D. 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