{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Virginia--Politics+and+government--1865-1950\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Virginia--Politics+and+government--1865-1950\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":5,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_103","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Benjamin A. Banks Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_103#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Banks, Benjamin A. 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He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh","The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Lawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. 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Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. 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Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_db8b6bbda8dc93780c6c66436b6855d9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). 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Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh","The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Lawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs.","ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)","English Yiddish"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 6","/repositories/5/resources/103"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin A. Banks Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Banks, Benjamin A. 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Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin A. Banks (original family name Bonk) was born, according to his own testimony, on May 18, 1884, in Baltimore, Maryland. Soon after his father's death his family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where they had relatives living. Banks received his only formal education in Norfolk's public schools. He then studied law on his own and was admitted to the Virginia Bar in November 1909. He continued to practice law until his death on April 27, 1974.","From 1908 through 1913, Banks served as editor and publisher of The Galaxy, a literary magazine which he hoped would enjoy critical and financial success not only in Norfolk but throughout the South. His colleague in this unsuccessful effort was local poet George Viett, who remained Banks' close friend until his death in 1943. Banks' first forays into the political arena in Norfolk were quite successful. He served on the Norfolk Board of Alderman from 1908 to 1911 at which point he resigned to take up the seat he had recently won in the Virginia House of Delegates. Banks did not run for reelection however, and all his subsequent attempts to return to public office: Virginia State Senate (1923); Commonwealth's Attorney for Norfolk (1925); House of Delegates (1933, 1937) ended in defeat. Nonetheless, he played an active role in Norfolk's Democratic politics from the 1900's through the 1940's. He participated in most local election campaigns and was frequently called on to make radio speeches on behalf of the candidates. For example, he successfully supported Norman Hamilton against Colgate Darden for Congress in 1936 and then aided Darden to defeat Hamilton in 1938. Banks was elected Norfolk chairman of the Virginia Liberal League in 1918 and, in 1937, he helped found the Citizen's Democratic League, a group that supported candidates against the dominant local Democratic organization, with only limited success, until its demise in the early 1940's. Banks was also an active campaigner for Democratic presidential candidates from Woodrow Wilson to George McGovern. He was particularly active in the Roosevelt clubs that developed in the 1930's.","Banks was a prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community and was especially interested in promoting better understanding among Christians and Jews. He worked toward this goal in many letters written to local newspapers, especially in his annual Christmas \"epistles.\" His numerous letters to the editors of the leading Norfolk and Richmond newspapers dealt with many topics, more often with political issues - local, state, and national. Their range-from Prohibition and the Ku Klux Klan to Vietnam and Watergate - symbolize the length of his concerns with political issues. Bank's letters also won him plaudits from many members of the Tidewater community and from political figures throughout the entire Commonwealth of Virginia.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Benjamin A. Banks Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Benjamin Banks include letters to the editor, speeches, and literary materials. Political papers span Banks' political career (1908-1913) and his continuing involvement in political issues through the 1940's. Also included in the collection are scrapbooks of newspaper clippings, photographs, memorabilia, and Manuals of the Senate and House of Delegates of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_db8b6bbda8dc93780c6c66436b6855d9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Lawyer and prominent member of the Norfolk Jewish community. Served on the Norfolk Board of Aldermen (1908-1911) and in the Virginia House of Delegates (1911-1913). Active in local, state and national politics. Includes personal and political correspondence, scrapbooks, letters to the editor, and photographs."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"persname_ssim":["Banks, Benjamin A. (1884-1974)"],"language_ssim":["English Yiddish"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":230,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:40:26.566Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_103"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_70","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Colonel James W. Roberts Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_70#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_70#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"President and chairman of Henry B. Gilprin, a wholesale drug firm. Served in the General Assembly from 1948-1968, holding a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Served on the Norfolk Planning Commission. The bulk of the collection contains legislative correspondence from 1963-1964.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_70#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_70","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_70","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_70","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_70","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_70.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/70","title_filing_ssi":"Roberts, James W.","title_ssm":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers"],"title_tesim":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1906, 1944-1964, undated","Date acquired: 08/21/1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1906, 1944-1964, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 08/21/1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 2","/repositories/5/resources/70"],"text":["MG 2","/repositories/5/resources/70","Colonel James W. Roberts Papers","Virginia--Politics and government","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Open to researchers without restrictions.","James Walker Roberts was born on December 2, 1891, in Alexandria, Virginia and was educated at the Friends (High) School in Washington, D.C. Roberts served in the U.S. Army in World War I and attained the rank of Captain in the Field Artillery. He returned to uniform during World War II as a Lt. Colonel commanding a Virginia State Guard Battalion. His service earned Col. Roberts the First Citizen Award of Norfolk Cosmopolitan Club in 1943.","Roberts enjoyed a successful business career in Norfolk which saw him become president and then chairman of the board of the Henry B. Gilprin Co., wholesale drug firm. His political career was equally successful. From 1948-1968 Roberts represented Norfolk in the Virginia General Assembly where he came to occupy a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Roberts also served on the Norfolk City Planning Commission and was appointed to several Governor's advisory committees.","Note written by James F. Walsh","Col. James W. Roberts represented Norfolk from 1948 to 1968 in the Virginia House of Delegates. His papers consist principally of legislative correspondence for the period 1963-1964. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically according to its source. In addition there are two boxes of publications issued by agencies of state government and one box of other publications. Also included is the two-volume study, Debates Constitutional Convention 1901-1902 Virginia.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","President and chairman of Henry B. Gilprin, a wholesale drug firm. Served in the General Assembly from 1948-1968, holding a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Served on the Norfolk Planning Commission. The bulk of the collection contains legislative correspondence from 1963-1964.","ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 2","/repositories/5/resources/70"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Politics and government","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Politics and government","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"creator_ssim":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"creators_ssim":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Politics and government","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["James W. Roberts","Gift. Accession #A75-10"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.20 Linear Feet","8 Hollinger documents cases boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.20 Linear Feet","8 Hollinger documents cases boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Walker Roberts was born on December 2, 1891, in Alexandria, Virginia and was educated at the Friends (High) School in Washington, D.C. Roberts served in the U.S. Army in World War I and attained the rank of Captain in the Field Artillery. He returned to uniform during World War II as a Lt. Colonel commanding a Virginia State Guard Battalion. His service earned Col. Roberts the First Citizen Award of Norfolk Cosmopolitan Club in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRoberts enjoyed a successful business career in Norfolk which saw him become president and then chairman of the board of the Henry B. Gilprin Co., wholesale drug firm. His political career was equally successful. From 1948-1968 Roberts represented Norfolk in the Virginia General Assembly where he came to occupy a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Roberts also served on the Norfolk City Planning Commission and was appointed to several Governor's advisory committees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Walker Roberts was born on December 2, 1891, in Alexandria, Virginia and was educated at the Friends (High) School in Washington, D.C. Roberts served in the U.S. Army in World War I and attained the rank of Captain in the Field Artillery. He returned to uniform during World War II as a Lt. Colonel commanding a Virginia State Guard Battalion. His service earned Col. Roberts the First Citizen Award of Norfolk Cosmopolitan Club in 1943.","Roberts enjoyed a successful business career in Norfolk which saw him become president and then chairman of the board of the Henry B. Gilprin Co., wholesale drug firm. His political career was equally successful. From 1948-1968 Roberts represented Norfolk in the Virginia General Assembly where he came to occupy a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Roberts also served on the Norfolk City Planning Commission and was appointed to several Governor's advisory committees.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCol. James W. Roberts represented Norfolk from 1948 to 1968 in the Virginia House of Delegates. His papers consist principally of legislative correspondence for the period 1963-1964. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically according to its source. In addition there are two boxes of publications issued by agencies of state government and one box of other publications. Also included is the two-volume study, Debates Constitutional Convention 1901-1902 Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Col. James W. Roberts represented Norfolk from 1948 to 1968 in the Virginia House of Delegates. His papers consist principally of legislative correspondence for the period 1963-1964. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically according to its source. In addition there are two boxes of publications issued by agencies of state government and one box of other publications. Also included is the two-volume study, Debates Constitutional Convention 1901-1902 Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ad787a4084c9419648c016967d82c45a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePresident and chairman of Henry B. Gilprin, a wholesale drug firm. Served in the General Assembly from 1948-1968, holding a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Served on the Norfolk Planning Commission. The bulk of the collection contains legislative correspondence from 1963-1964.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["President and chairman of Henry B. Gilprin, a wholesale drug firm. Served in the General Assembly from 1948-1968, holding a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Served on the Norfolk Planning Commission. The bulk of the collection contains legislative correspondence from 1963-1964."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"persname_ssim":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":57,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:48:25.933Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_70","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_70","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_70","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_70","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_70.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/70","title_filing_ssi":"Roberts, James W.","title_ssm":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers"],"title_tesim":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1906, 1944-1964, undated","Date acquired: 08/21/1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1906, 1944-1964, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 08/21/1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 2","/repositories/5/resources/70"],"text":["MG 2","/repositories/5/resources/70","Colonel James W. Roberts Papers","Virginia--Politics and government","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Open to researchers without restrictions.","James Walker Roberts was born on December 2, 1891, in Alexandria, Virginia and was educated at the Friends (High) School in Washington, D.C. Roberts served in the U.S. Army in World War I and attained the rank of Captain in the Field Artillery. He returned to uniform during World War II as a Lt. Colonel commanding a Virginia State Guard Battalion. His service earned Col. Roberts the First Citizen Award of Norfolk Cosmopolitan Club in 1943.","Roberts enjoyed a successful business career in Norfolk which saw him become president and then chairman of the board of the Henry B. Gilprin Co., wholesale drug firm. His political career was equally successful. From 1948-1968 Roberts represented Norfolk in the Virginia General Assembly where he came to occupy a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Roberts also served on the Norfolk City Planning Commission and was appointed to several Governor's advisory committees.","Note written by James F. Walsh","Col. James W. Roberts represented Norfolk from 1948 to 1968 in the Virginia House of Delegates. His papers consist principally of legislative correspondence for the period 1963-1964. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically according to its source. In addition there are two boxes of publications issued by agencies of state government and one box of other publications. Also included is the two-volume study, Debates Constitutional Convention 1901-1902 Virginia.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","President and chairman of Henry B. Gilprin, a wholesale drug firm. Served in the General Assembly from 1948-1968, holding a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Served on the Norfolk Planning Commission. The bulk of the collection contains legislative correspondence from 1963-1964.","ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 2","/repositories/5/resources/70"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Colonel James W. Roberts Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Politics and government","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Politics and government","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"creator_ssim":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"creators_ssim":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Politics and government","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["James W. Roberts","Gift. 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Roberts served in the U.S. Army in World War I and attained the rank of Captain in the Field Artillery. He returned to uniform during World War II as a Lt. Colonel commanding a Virginia State Guard Battalion. His service earned Col. Roberts the First Citizen Award of Norfolk Cosmopolitan Club in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRoberts enjoyed a successful business career in Norfolk which saw him become president and then chairman of the board of the Henry B. Gilprin Co., wholesale drug firm. His political career was equally successful. From 1948-1968 Roberts represented Norfolk in the Virginia General Assembly where he came to occupy a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Roberts also served on the Norfolk City Planning Commission and was appointed to several Governor's advisory committees.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Walker Roberts was born on December 2, 1891, in Alexandria, Virginia and was educated at the Friends (High) School in Washington, D.C. Roberts served in the U.S. Army in World War I and attained the rank of Captain in the Field Artillery. He returned to uniform during World War II as a Lt. Colonel commanding a Virginia State Guard Battalion. His service earned Col. Roberts the First Citizen Award of Norfolk Cosmopolitan Club in 1943.","Roberts enjoyed a successful business career in Norfolk which saw him become president and then chairman of the board of the Henry B. Gilprin Co., wholesale drug firm. His political career was equally successful. From 1948-1968 Roberts represented Norfolk in the Virginia General Assembly where he came to occupy a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Roberts also served on the Norfolk City Planning Commission and was appointed to several Governor's advisory committees.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Colonel James W. Roberts Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCol. James W. Roberts represented Norfolk from 1948 to 1968 in the Virginia House of Delegates. His papers consist principally of legislative correspondence for the period 1963-1964. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically according to its source. In addition there are two boxes of publications issued by agencies of state government and one box of other publications. Also included is the two-volume study, Debates Constitutional Convention 1901-1902 Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Col. James W. Roberts represented Norfolk from 1948 to 1968 in the Virginia House of Delegates. His papers consist principally of legislative correspondence for the period 1963-1964. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically according to its source. In addition there are two boxes of publications issued by agencies of state government and one box of other publications. Also included is the two-volume study, Debates Constitutional Convention 1901-1902 Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ad787a4084c9419648c016967d82c45a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePresident and chairman of Henry B. Gilprin, a wholesale drug firm. Served in the General Assembly from 1948-1968, holding a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Served on the Norfolk Planning Commission. The bulk of the collection contains legislative correspondence from 1963-1964.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["President and chairman of Henry B. Gilprin, a wholesale drug firm. Served in the General Assembly from 1948-1968, holding a powerful position on the Appropriations Committee. Served on the Norfolk Planning Commission. The bulk of the collection contains legislative correspondence from 1963-1964."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly","Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates","Virginia. General Assembly"],"persname_ssim":["Roberts, James W. (1891-1977)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":57,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:48:25.933Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_70"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Joseph D. Wood Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_138#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_138#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"President of the Wood Towing Company (Tugboats). Served on the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944) and as Mayor (1940-1944) during World War II. Collection contains business papers, mayoral files, correspondence and the papers of his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_138#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_138.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/138","title_filing_ssi":"Wood, Joseph D.","title_ssm":["Joseph D. Wood Papers"],"title_tesim":["Joseph D. Wood Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1917-1951, undated","Date acquired: 03/01/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1917-1951, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 03/01/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 3","/repositories/5/resources/138"],"text":["MG 3","/repositories/5/resources/138","Joseph D. Wood Papers","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Businessmen--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The papers, dating from 1920 to 1951, are divided into six series: Series I: Personal; Series 2: Public Service (Non-Political); Series III: Business; Series IV: Mayoral Files; Series V: City of Norfolk Data; and Series VI: Political Papers. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.","Joseph Downing Wood was born on February 22, 1867, on a farm in Washington Co., North Carolina. He was the first of nine children born to Samuel and Pattie Downing Wood. He left the family farm in 1886 to seek his fortune in Norfolk, Virginia. Here he found work as an apprentice seaman, largely on coastal ships. By the age of 21, he was a licensed seaman and at 23, a master seaman on a tugboat. By 1900 Wood had risen to the position of Yard Pilot for the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth. During World I he was commissioned as a Lt. Commander in the Navy Reserve and served as director of tugs and all floating equipment in the Fifth Naval District.\nAfter the war Wood founded his towing company, beginning with one tug and one barge, neither of which was paid for. By the time he sold his Wood Towing Corporation for $1,500,000 in 1951, the company controlled a whole fleet of tugs. Wood had sold his business rather than agree to the demands of his employees for unionization.\nWood was almost 60 when he first entered the political arena and was elected to the Norfolk City Council in 1926. He was reelected to the council in 1934, 1938, and 1942. He became ex-officio mayor of Norfolk when he was elected president of the council in September, 1940. Wood served as mayor, until his retirement from politics in 1944, during an extremely busy period for a defense oriented city like Norfolk. Economy was Wood's watchword as a politician. Being a staunch conservative, he firmly believed in the \"pay as you go\" philosophy, which dominated Virginia politics during the period in which he was active.\nJoseph Downing Wood married Ada Estelle Burnell on June 2, 1896. They had one child, Margaret (Mrs. Burton DeBerry Melchor). Wood died on April 16, 1959.","Note written by James F. Walsh","Captain Wood was president of Wood Towing Corporation (Tugboats), a member of the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944), and mayor of Norfolk (1940-1944). He also served on a number of public boards, most notably the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. His papers are divided into six sub-groups: personal, public service (non-political), business, mayoral files, City of Norfolk data, and polltical papers. The personal papers contain some family genealogy, correspondence, his autobiography, and a variety of financial records. The public service papers deal mainly with his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. The business papers consist of correspondence, tug repair estimates and labor relations files. The bulk of the mayoral files are correspondence, while the City of Norfolk material focuses on financial data and is not duplicated by material found at Norfolk City Hall. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","President of the Wood Towing Company (Tugboats). Served on the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944) and as Mayor (1940-1944) during World War II. Collection contains business papers, mayoral files, correspondence and the papers of his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission.","ODU Community Collections","Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 3","/repositories/5/resources/138"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph D. Wood Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph D. Wood Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph D. Wood Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"creator_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"creators_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Burton deBerry Melchor III, in honor of his mother Margaret Wood, daughter of Captain Wood","Gift. Accession #A76-9"],"access_subjects_ssim":["City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Businessmen--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk"],"access_subjects_ssm":["City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Businessmen--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.60 Linear Feet","19 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"extent_tesim":["7.60 Linear Feet","19 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers, dating from 1920 to 1951, are divided into six series: Series I: Personal; Series 2: Public Service (Non-Political); Series III: Business; Series IV: Mayoral Files; Series V: City of Norfolk Data; and Series VI: Political Papers. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers, dating from 1920 to 1951, are divided into six series: Series I: Personal; Series 2: Public Service (Non-Political); Series III: Business; Series IV: Mayoral Files; Series V: City of Norfolk Data; and Series VI: Political Papers. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Downing Wood was born on February 22, 1867, on a farm in Washington Co., North Carolina. He was the first of nine children born to Samuel and Pattie Downing Wood. He left the family farm in 1886 to seek his fortune in Norfolk, Virginia. Here he found work as an apprentice seaman, largely on coastal ships. By the age of 21, he was a licensed seaman and at 23, a master seaman on a tugboat. By 1900 Wood had risen to the position of Yard Pilot for the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth. During World I he was commissioned as a Lt. Commander in the Navy Reserve and served as director of tugs and all floating equipment in the Fifth Naval District.\nAfter the war Wood founded his towing company, beginning with one tug and one barge, neither of which was paid for. By the time he sold his Wood Towing Corporation for $1,500,000 in 1951, the company controlled a whole fleet of tugs. Wood had sold his business rather than agree to the demands of his employees for unionization.\nWood was almost 60 when he first entered the political arena and was elected to the Norfolk City Council in 1926. He was reelected to the council in 1934, 1938, and 1942. He became ex-officio mayor of Norfolk when he was elected president of the council in September, 1940. Wood served as mayor, until his retirement from politics in 1944, during an extremely busy period for a defense oriented city like Norfolk. Economy was Wood's watchword as a politician. Being a staunch conservative, he firmly believed in the \"pay as you go\" philosophy, which dominated Virginia politics during the period in which he was active.\nJoseph Downing Wood married Ada Estelle Burnell on June 2, 1896. They had one child, Margaret (Mrs. Burton DeBerry Melchor). Wood died on April 16, 1959.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Downing Wood was born on February 22, 1867, on a farm in Washington Co., North Carolina. He was the first of nine children born to Samuel and Pattie Downing Wood. He left the family farm in 1886 to seek his fortune in Norfolk, Virginia. Here he found work as an apprentice seaman, largely on coastal ships. By the age of 21, he was a licensed seaman and at 23, a master seaman on a tugboat. By 1900 Wood had risen to the position of Yard Pilot for the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth. During World I he was commissioned as a Lt. Commander in the Navy Reserve and served as director of tugs and all floating equipment in the Fifth Naval District.\nAfter the war Wood founded his towing company, beginning with one tug and one barge, neither of which was paid for. By the time he sold his Wood Towing Corporation for $1,500,000 in 1951, the company controlled a whole fleet of tugs. Wood had sold his business rather than agree to the demands of his employees for unionization.\nWood was almost 60 when he first entered the political arena and was elected to the Norfolk City Council in 1926. He was reelected to the council in 1934, 1938, and 1942. He became ex-officio mayor of Norfolk when he was elected president of the council in September, 1940. Wood served as mayor, until his retirement from politics in 1944, during an extremely busy period for a defense oriented city like Norfolk. Economy was Wood's watchword as a politician. Being a staunch conservative, he firmly believed in the \"pay as you go\" philosophy, which dominated Virginia politics during the period in which he was active.\nJoseph Downing Wood married Ada Estelle Burnell on June 2, 1896. They had one child, Margaret (Mrs. Burton DeBerry Melchor). Wood died on April 16, 1959.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Joseph D. Wood Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Joseph D. Wood Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain Wood was president of Wood Towing Corporation (Tugboats), a member of the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944), and mayor of Norfolk (1940-1944). He also served on a number of public boards, most notably the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. His papers are divided into six sub-groups: personal, public service (non-political), business, mayoral files, City of Norfolk data, and polltical papers. The personal papers contain some family genealogy, correspondence, his autobiography, and a variety of financial records. The public service papers deal mainly with his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. The business papers consist of correspondence, tug repair estimates and labor relations files. The bulk of the mayoral files are correspondence, while the City of Norfolk material focuses on financial data and is not duplicated by material found at Norfolk City Hall. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Captain Wood was president of Wood Towing Corporation (Tugboats), a member of the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944), and mayor of Norfolk (1940-1944). He also served on a number of public boards, most notably the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. His papers are divided into six sub-groups: personal, public service (non-political), business, mayoral files, City of Norfolk data, and polltical papers. The personal papers contain some family genealogy, correspondence, his autobiography, and a variety of financial records. The public service papers deal mainly with his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. The business papers consist of correspondence, tug repair estimates and labor relations files. The bulk of the mayoral files are correspondence, while the City of Norfolk material focuses on financial data and is not duplicated by material found at Norfolk City Hall. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c9aa2d9d971af58ed74c473c666d0adf\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePresident of the Wood Towing Company (Tugboats). Served on the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944) and as Mayor (1940-1944) during World War II. Collection contains business papers, mayoral files, correspondence and the papers of his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["President of the Wood Towing Company (Tugboats). Served on the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944) and as Mayor (1940-1944) during World War II. Collection contains business papers, mayoral files, correspondence and the papers of his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission."],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"persname_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":218,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:40:26.566Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_138","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_138.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/138","title_filing_ssi":"Wood, Joseph D.","title_ssm":["Joseph D. Wood Papers"],"title_tesim":["Joseph D. Wood Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1917-1951, undated","Date acquired: 03/01/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1917-1951, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 03/01/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 3","/repositories/5/resources/138"],"text":["MG 3","/repositories/5/resources/138","Joseph D. Wood Papers","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Businessmen--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The papers, dating from 1920 to 1951, are divided into six series: Series I: Personal; Series 2: Public Service (Non-Political); Series III: Business; Series IV: Mayoral Files; Series V: City of Norfolk Data; and Series VI: Political Papers. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.","Joseph Downing Wood was born on February 22, 1867, on a farm in Washington Co., North Carolina. He was the first of nine children born to Samuel and Pattie Downing Wood. He left the family farm in 1886 to seek his fortune in Norfolk, Virginia. Here he found work as an apprentice seaman, largely on coastal ships. By the age of 21, he was a licensed seaman and at 23, a master seaman on a tugboat. By 1900 Wood had risen to the position of Yard Pilot for the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth. During World I he was commissioned as a Lt. Commander in the Navy Reserve and served as director of tugs and all floating equipment in the Fifth Naval District.\nAfter the war Wood founded his towing company, beginning with one tug and one barge, neither of which was paid for. By the time he sold his Wood Towing Corporation for $1,500,000 in 1951, the company controlled a whole fleet of tugs. Wood had sold his business rather than agree to the demands of his employees for unionization.\nWood was almost 60 when he first entered the political arena and was elected to the Norfolk City Council in 1926. He was reelected to the council in 1934, 1938, and 1942. He became ex-officio mayor of Norfolk when he was elected president of the council in September, 1940. Wood served as mayor, until his retirement from politics in 1944, during an extremely busy period for a defense oriented city like Norfolk. Economy was Wood's watchword as a politician. Being a staunch conservative, he firmly believed in the \"pay as you go\" philosophy, which dominated Virginia politics during the period in which he was active.\nJoseph Downing Wood married Ada Estelle Burnell on June 2, 1896. They had one child, Margaret (Mrs. Burton DeBerry Melchor). Wood died on April 16, 1959.","Note written by James F. Walsh","Captain Wood was president of Wood Towing Corporation (Tugboats), a member of the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944), and mayor of Norfolk (1940-1944). He also served on a number of public boards, most notably the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. His papers are divided into six sub-groups: personal, public service (non-political), business, mayoral files, City of Norfolk data, and polltical papers. The personal papers contain some family genealogy, correspondence, his autobiography, and a variety of financial records. The public service papers deal mainly with his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. The business papers consist of correspondence, tug repair estimates and labor relations files. The bulk of the mayoral files are correspondence, while the City of Norfolk material focuses on financial data and is not duplicated by material found at Norfolk City Hall. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","President of the Wood Towing Company (Tugboats). Served on the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944) and as Mayor (1940-1944) during World War II. Collection contains business papers, mayoral files, correspondence and the papers of his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission.","ODU Community Collections","Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 3","/repositories/5/resources/138"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph D. Wood Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph D. Wood Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph D. Wood Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"creator_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"creators_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Burton deBerry Melchor III, in honor of his mother Margaret Wood, daughter of Captain Wood","Gift. Accession #A76-9"],"access_subjects_ssim":["City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Businessmen--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk"],"access_subjects_ssm":["City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Businessmen--Virginia--Norfolk","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.60 Linear Feet","19 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"extent_tesim":["7.60 Linear Feet","19 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers, dating from 1920 to 1951, are divided into six series: Series I: Personal; Series 2: Public Service (Non-Political); Series III: Business; Series IV: Mayoral Files; Series V: City of Norfolk Data; and Series VI: Political Papers. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers, dating from 1920 to 1951, are divided into six series: Series I: Personal; Series 2: Public Service (Non-Political); Series III: Business; Series IV: Mayoral Files; Series V: City of Norfolk Data; and Series VI: Political Papers. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Downing Wood was born on February 22, 1867, on a farm in Washington Co., North Carolina. He was the first of nine children born to Samuel and Pattie Downing Wood. He left the family farm in 1886 to seek his fortune in Norfolk, Virginia. Here he found work as an apprentice seaman, largely on coastal ships. By the age of 21, he was a licensed seaman and at 23, a master seaman on a tugboat. By 1900 Wood had risen to the position of Yard Pilot for the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth. During World I he was commissioned as a Lt. Commander in the Navy Reserve and served as director of tugs and all floating equipment in the Fifth Naval District.\nAfter the war Wood founded his towing company, beginning with one tug and one barge, neither of which was paid for. By the time he sold his Wood Towing Corporation for $1,500,000 in 1951, the company controlled a whole fleet of tugs. Wood had sold his business rather than agree to the demands of his employees for unionization.\nWood was almost 60 when he first entered the political arena and was elected to the Norfolk City Council in 1926. He was reelected to the council in 1934, 1938, and 1942. He became ex-officio mayor of Norfolk when he was elected president of the council in September, 1940. Wood served as mayor, until his retirement from politics in 1944, during an extremely busy period for a defense oriented city like Norfolk. Economy was Wood's watchword as a politician. Being a staunch conservative, he firmly believed in the \"pay as you go\" philosophy, which dominated Virginia politics during the period in which he was active.\nJoseph Downing Wood married Ada Estelle Burnell on June 2, 1896. They had one child, Margaret (Mrs. Burton DeBerry Melchor). Wood died on April 16, 1959.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Downing Wood was born on February 22, 1867, on a farm in Washington Co., North Carolina. He was the first of nine children born to Samuel and Pattie Downing Wood. He left the family farm in 1886 to seek his fortune in Norfolk, Virginia. Here he found work as an apprentice seaman, largely on coastal ships. By the age of 21, he was a licensed seaman and at 23, a master seaman on a tugboat. By 1900 Wood had risen to the position of Yard Pilot for the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth. During World I he was commissioned as a Lt. Commander in the Navy Reserve and served as director of tugs and all floating equipment in the Fifth Naval District.\nAfter the war Wood founded his towing company, beginning with one tug and one barge, neither of which was paid for. By the time he sold his Wood Towing Corporation for $1,500,000 in 1951, the company controlled a whole fleet of tugs. Wood had sold his business rather than agree to the demands of his employees for unionization.\nWood was almost 60 when he first entered the political arena and was elected to the Norfolk City Council in 1926. He was reelected to the council in 1934, 1938, and 1942. He became ex-officio mayor of Norfolk when he was elected president of the council in September, 1940. Wood served as mayor, until his retirement from politics in 1944, during an extremely busy period for a defense oriented city like Norfolk. Economy was Wood's watchword as a politician. Being a staunch conservative, he firmly believed in the \"pay as you go\" philosophy, which dominated Virginia politics during the period in which he was active.\nJoseph Downing Wood married Ada Estelle Burnell on June 2, 1896. They had one child, Margaret (Mrs. Burton DeBerry Melchor). Wood died on April 16, 1959.","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Joseph D. Wood Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Joseph D. Wood Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain Wood was president of Wood Towing Corporation (Tugboats), a member of the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944), and mayor of Norfolk (1940-1944). He also served on a number of public boards, most notably the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. His papers are divided into six sub-groups: personal, public service (non-political), business, mayoral files, City of Norfolk data, and polltical papers. The personal papers contain some family genealogy, correspondence, his autobiography, and a variety of financial records. The public service papers deal mainly with his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. The business papers consist of correspondence, tug repair estimates and labor relations files. The bulk of the mayoral files are correspondence, while the City of Norfolk material focuses on financial data and is not duplicated by material found at Norfolk City Hall. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Captain Wood was president of Wood Towing Corporation (Tugboats), a member of the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944), and mayor of Norfolk (1940-1944). He also served on a number of public boards, most notably the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. His papers are divided into six sub-groups: personal, public service (non-political), business, mayoral files, City of Norfolk data, and polltical papers. The personal papers contain some family genealogy, correspondence, his autobiography, and a variety of financial records. The public service papers deal mainly with his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission. The business papers consist of correspondence, tug repair estimates and labor relations files. The bulk of the mayoral files are correspondence, while the City of Norfolk material focuses on financial data and is not duplicated by material found at Norfolk City Hall. Where possible Captain Wood's own filing system was followed."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c9aa2d9d971af58ed74c473c666d0adf\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePresident of the Wood Towing Company (Tugboats). Served on the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944) and as Mayor (1940-1944) during World War II. Collection contains business papers, mayoral files, correspondence and the papers of his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["President of the Wood Towing Company (Tugboats). Served on the Norfolk City Council (1926-1930, 1934-1944) and as Mayor (1940-1944) during World War II. Collection contains business papers, mayoral files, correspondence and the papers of his service on the Elizabeth River Tunnel Commission."],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"persname_ssim":["Wood, Joseph Downing (1867-1959)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":218,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:40:26.566Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_138"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_137","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas Joseph Reilly Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_137#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Reilly, Thomas Joseph (1915-1976)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_137#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Political correspondent for the Norfolk Ledger-Star and Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch for 26 years. Primarily newspaper columns from the Ledger-Star and background material used to research articles.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_137#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_137","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_137","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_137","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_137","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_137.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/137","title_filing_ssi":"Reilly, Thomas Joseph","title_ssm":["Thomas Joseph Reilly Papers"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Joseph Reilly Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-1976, undated","Date acquired: 05/27/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-1976, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/27/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 8","/repositories/5/resources/137"],"text":["MG 8","/repositories/5/resources/137","Thomas Joseph Reilly Papers","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government","Journalists--United States","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Thomas Joseph (Tom) Reilly (1915-1976) was a political reporter for the Ledger-Star (Norfolk, Va.) and the Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch for twenty-six years. He graduated in 1933 from Maury High School in Norfolk and became a part-time copy boy on the Ledger-Dispatch a year later. In 1935 he began to work full-time for the newspaper and the following year he was assigned to cover the police and fire departments. He also wrote on sports and he was subsequently assigned to courts. In 1939 he was assigned to cover the military and waterfront beat. Soon after reporting the departure of the first contingent of draftees sent to Army camps from the Norfolk Union Station, Reilly joined the military himself. His first assignment was to start a public information office with the Army Air Corps at Goodfellow Field, Texas. He received his commission in 1942 and was sent to Casablanca during the North African invasion to assist in building an airfield for the 52nd Fighter Group. He remained with this outfit for thirty-two months through the campaigns of North Africa, Sicily, Corsica, and Italy.\nReilly left the service with the rank of captain. He returned to the Ledger-Dispatch as a general assignment reporter and was soon appointed assistant city editor, a position that he held for four years. He began to cover the General Assembly in 1948 on a part-time basis and two years later he covered the entire session. His reporting of the General Assembly and state and local politics over the next generation was distinguished for its accuracy, clarity, and balance. He expressed his philosophy of political reporting in the following words:\"It takes time to get to know them [public figures] and they're understandably very sensitive. If they feel they're getting a fair shake, that's really all they expect and want . . . I don't concern myself if a story is going to be favorable or unfavorable to any particular candidate. It's going to be written on the basis of fact, not opinion . . . \"","Note written by James F. Walsh","Reilly's papers, dating from 1925-1976, include newspaper columns from the Ledger-Star (Norfolk, Va.) dealing with state and local politics, especially the sessions of the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains some clippings of columns from other newspapers regarding General Assembly sessions and small amounts of background material used in preparing certain of these columns. State Publications contained in the collection include: Election Results (1924-1973); Manuals of the Senate and the House of Delegates (1950-1974); Miscellaneous publications re: General Assembly (1942-1976).","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Political correspondent for the Norfolk Ledger-Star and Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch for 26 years. 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He graduated in 1933 from Maury High School in Norfolk and became a part-time copy boy on the Ledger-Dispatch a year later. In 1935 he began to work full-time for the newspaper and the following year he was assigned to cover the police and fire departments. He also wrote on sports and he was subsequently assigned to courts. In 1939 he was assigned to cover the military and waterfront beat. Soon after reporting the departure of the first contingent of draftees sent to Army camps from the Norfolk Union Station, Reilly joined the military himself. His first assignment was to start a public information office with the Army Air Corps at Goodfellow Field, Texas. He received his commission in 1942 and was sent to Casablanca during the North African invasion to assist in building an airfield for the 52nd Fighter Group. He remained with this outfit for thirty-two months through the campaigns of North Africa, Sicily, Corsica, and Italy.\nReilly left the service with the rank of captain. He returned to the Ledger-Dispatch as a general assignment reporter and was soon appointed assistant city editor, a position that he held for four years. He began to cover the General Assembly in 1948 on a part-time basis and two years later he covered the entire session. His reporting of the General Assembly and state and local politics over the next generation was distinguished for its accuracy, clarity, and balance. He expressed his philosophy of political reporting in the following words:\"It takes time to get to know them [public figures] and they're understandably very sensitive. If they feel they're getting a fair shake, that's really all they expect and want . . . I don't concern myself if a story is going to be favorable or unfavorable to any particular candidate. It's going to be written on the basis of fact, not opinion . . . \"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. Walsh\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Joseph (Tom) Reilly (1915-1976) was a political reporter for the Ledger-Star (Norfolk, Va.) and the Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch for twenty-six years. He graduated in 1933 from Maury High School in Norfolk and became a part-time copy boy on the Ledger-Dispatch a year later. In 1935 he began to work full-time for the newspaper and the following year he was assigned to cover the police and fire departments. He also wrote on sports and he was subsequently assigned to courts. In 1939 he was assigned to cover the military and waterfront beat. Soon after reporting the departure of the first contingent of draftees sent to Army camps from the Norfolk Union Station, Reilly joined the military himself. His first assignment was to start a public information office with the Army Air Corps at Goodfellow Field, Texas. He received his commission in 1942 and was sent to Casablanca during the North African invasion to assist in building an airfield for the 52nd Fighter Group. He remained with this outfit for thirty-two months through the campaigns of North Africa, Sicily, Corsica, and Italy.\nReilly left the service with the rank of captain. He returned to the Ledger-Dispatch as a general assignment reporter and was soon appointed assistant city editor, a position that he held for four years. He began to cover the General Assembly in 1948 on a part-time basis and two years later he covered the entire session. His reporting of the General Assembly and state and local politics over the next generation was distinguished for its accuracy, clarity, and balance. He expressed his philosophy of political reporting in the following words:\"It takes time to get to know them [public figures] and they're understandably very sensitive. If they feel they're getting a fair shake, that's really all they expect and want . . . I don't concern myself if a story is going to be favorable or unfavorable to any particular candidate. It's going to be written on the basis of fact, not opinion . . . \"","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Thomas Joseph Reilly Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Thomas Joseph Reilly Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReilly's papers, dating from 1925-1976, include newspaper columns from the Ledger-Star (Norfolk, Va.) dealing with state and local politics, especially the sessions of the Virginia General Assembly. 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State Publications contained in the collection include: Election Results (1924-1973); Manuals of the Senate and the House of Delegates (1950-1974); Miscellaneous publications re: General Assembly (1942-1976)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c7031d87c2d8e133a72325d4d0882d9c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePolitical correspondent for the Norfolk Ledger-Star and Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch for 26 years. Primarily newspaper columns from the Ledger-Star and background material used to research articles.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Political correspondent for the Norfolk Ledger-Star and Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch for 26 years. Primarily newspaper columns from the Ledger-Star and background material used to research articles."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly","Reilly, Thomas Joseph (1915-1976)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly"],"persname_ssim":["Reilly, Thomas Joseph (1915-1976)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":78,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:50:31.898Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_137","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_137","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_137","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_137","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_137.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/137","title_filing_ssi":"Reilly, Thomas Joseph","title_ssm":["Thomas Joseph Reilly Papers"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Joseph Reilly Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-1976, undated","Date acquired: 05/27/1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-1976, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 05/27/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 8","/repositories/5/resources/137"],"text":["MG 8","/repositories/5/resources/137","Thomas Joseph Reilly Papers","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government","Journalists--United States","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Thomas Joseph (Tom) Reilly (1915-1976) was a political reporter for the Ledger-Star (Norfolk, Va.) and the Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch for twenty-six years. He graduated in 1933 from Maury High School in Norfolk and became a part-time copy boy on the Ledger-Dispatch a year later. In 1935 he began to work full-time for the newspaper and the following year he was assigned to cover the police and fire departments. He also wrote on sports and he was subsequently assigned to courts. In 1939 he was assigned to cover the military and waterfront beat. Soon after reporting the departure of the first contingent of draftees sent to Army camps from the Norfolk Union Station, Reilly joined the military himself. His first assignment was to start a public information office with the Army Air Corps at Goodfellow Field, Texas. He received his commission in 1942 and was sent to Casablanca during the North African invasion to assist in building an airfield for the 52nd Fighter Group. He remained with this outfit for thirty-two months through the campaigns of North Africa, Sicily, Corsica, and Italy.\nReilly left the service with the rank of captain. He returned to the Ledger-Dispatch as a general assignment reporter and was soon appointed assistant city editor, a position that he held for four years. He began to cover the General Assembly in 1948 on a part-time basis and two years later he covered the entire session. His reporting of the General Assembly and state and local politics over the next generation was distinguished for its accuracy, clarity, and balance. He expressed his philosophy of political reporting in the following words:\"It takes time to get to know them [public figures] and they're understandably very sensitive. If they feel they're getting a fair shake, that's really all they expect and want . . . I don't concern myself if a story is going to be favorable or unfavorable to any particular candidate. It's going to be written on the basis of fact, not opinion . . . \"","Note written by James F. 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He graduated in 1933 from Maury High School in Norfolk and became a part-time copy boy on the Ledger-Dispatch a year later. In 1935 he began to work full-time for the newspaper and the following year he was assigned to cover the police and fire departments. He also wrote on sports and he was subsequently assigned to courts. In 1939 he was assigned to cover the military and waterfront beat. Soon after reporting the departure of the first contingent of draftees sent to Army camps from the Norfolk Union Station, Reilly joined the military himself. His first assignment was to start a public information office with the Army Air Corps at Goodfellow Field, Texas. He received his commission in 1942 and was sent to Casablanca during the North African invasion to assist in building an airfield for the 52nd Fighter Group. He remained with this outfit for thirty-two months through the campaigns of North Africa, Sicily, Corsica, and Italy.\nReilly left the service with the rank of captain. He returned to the Ledger-Dispatch as a general assignment reporter and was soon appointed assistant city editor, a position that he held for four years. He began to cover the General Assembly in 1948 on a part-time basis and two years later he covered the entire session. His reporting of the General Assembly and state and local politics over the next generation was distinguished for its accuracy, clarity, and balance. He expressed his philosophy of political reporting in the following words:\"It takes time to get to know them [public figures] and they're understandably very sensitive. If they feel they're getting a fair shake, that's really all they expect and want . . . I don't concern myself if a story is going to be favorable or unfavorable to any particular candidate. It's going to be written on the basis of fact, not opinion . . . \"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by James F. 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He received his commission in 1942 and was sent to Casablanca during the North African invasion to assist in building an airfield for the 52nd Fighter Group. He remained with this outfit for thirty-two months through the campaigns of North Africa, Sicily, Corsica, and Italy.\nReilly left the service with the rank of captain. He returned to the Ledger-Dispatch as a general assignment reporter and was soon appointed assistant city editor, a position that he held for four years. He began to cover the General Assembly in 1948 on a part-time basis and two years later he covered the entire session. His reporting of the General Assembly and state and local politics over the next generation was distinguished for its accuracy, clarity, and balance. He expressed his philosophy of political reporting in the following words:\"It takes time to get to know them [public figures] and they're understandably very sensitive. If they feel they're getting a fair shake, that's really all they expect and want . . . I don't concern myself if a story is going to be favorable or unfavorable to any particular candidate. It's going to be written on the basis of fact, not opinion . . . \"","Note written by James F. Walsh"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Thomas Joseph Reilly Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Thomas Joseph Reilly Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReilly's papers, dating from 1925-1976, include newspaper columns from the Ledger-Star (Norfolk, Va.) dealing with state and local politics, especially the sessions of the Virginia General Assembly. 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Primarily newspaper columns from the Ledger-Star and background material used to research articles.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Political correspondent for the Norfolk Ledger-Star and Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch for 26 years. Primarily newspaper columns from the Ledger-Star and background material used to research articles."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. General Assembly","Reilly, Thomas Joseph (1915-1976)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Virginia. 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Predecessor to the Norfolk Human Relations Council. Includes correspondence, newspapers clippings, minutes, reports, pamphlets, and membership lists. Bulk of the organization's records are in the archives at Norfolk State University.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_240#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_240","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_240","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_240","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_240","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_240.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/240","title_filing_ssi":"Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation","title_ssm":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records"],"title_tesim":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1939-1964, undated","Date acquired: 07/19/1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1964, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 07/19/1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 54","/repositories/5/resources/240"],"text":["MG 54","/repositories/5/resources/240","Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government","Women--Virginia--Social conditions","School integration--Virginia--Norfolk--History--20th century","School integration--Massive resistance movement","African Americans--Civil rights","Race relations--History--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Racism--Prevention","Open to researchers without restrictions.","On April 17, 1945, eight black and eleven white women met in the vestry room of Ohef Sholom Temple in Norfolk. Mrs. Vivian Carter Mason had invited these women in order to consider forming an interracial committee. All the women present were active in civic organizations, and came from different religious backgrounds.","At that first meeting it was decided that such an interracial group could indeed be beneficial to Norfolk. Furthermore, they decided that their organization should be autonomous - not affiliated with any other organization, but working in cooperation with them.","Mrs. Mason was appointed temporary chairman and the group held meetings in May, June, and September. The first two meetings were devoted to establishing a constitution and coming up with a name. By December, there were 86 members.","Early in 1946, the WCIC was becoming active in the public school system, and worked with the public libraries and the Boy Scouts to notify the public of their humanitarian goals. These goals were: to improve city facilities for education, recreation, employment, and health; improve interracial attitudes; to seek equality of opportunity for everyone; and to work towards full citizenship privileges for all","The WCIC implemented these goals by calling attention to the need for more blacks in civic occupations; worked with health organizations in providing testing for diseases and public health information; held public meetings and other activities with nationally known speakers to advance the ideas of integration; and met with city officials concerning proper housing for the poor. For the first two years the group met in different churches and kept their files and printed materials in the homes of its officers and chairmen. Finally the WCIC was able to get space for an office and meetings at the YWCA. This lasted for several years.","As stress in Norfolk over the desegregation of public schools reached a climax, the WCIC found itself pitted against many opponents of desegregation. It became more difficult to find meeting places open to such a group. Also, when they did find a place, they often could not advertise their meeting because of criticism and possible censure it would draw towards those who allowed such a meeting to take place at their establishment. Consequently, for a period of time, the WCIC worked more \"behind the scenes\" than in the public eye. However the effectiveness of the group endured and through their studies and reports of other cities with integrated school systems, the group helped Norfolk overcome the crisis in 1958 when the public high schools were shut down.","Note written by Jan Halecki","Vivian Carter Mason Interviews (MG 53)","Edith R. White Papers (MG 109)","The Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (WCIC) was an organization of white and black women devoted to fostering racial harmony. The records include the organization's constitution, minutes of meetings, correspondence, speeches, annual reports, member lists, booklets, pamphlets, programs, invitations, newspaper clippings and published articles. Of interest is a transcribed panel report titled, \"How Norfolk Opened Her Schools,\" dated February 2, 1959, and Susan Slaughter's personal account of the \"First Fifteen Years of WCIC.\" In addition, there is material relating to the inception and early history of the Human Relations Council, which superseded the WCIC.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Founded in 1945 as an interracial organization designed to address concerns with education, health, and housing among the Afro-American community in Norfolk. Predecessor to the Norfolk Human Relations Council. Includes correspondence, newspapers clippings, minutes, reports, pamphlets, and membership lists. Bulk of the organization's records are in the archives at Norfolk State University.","ODU Community Collections","Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)","Human Relations Council (Norfolk, Va.)","Mason, Vivian Carter (1900-1982)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 54","/repositories/5/resources/240"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records"],"collection_ssim":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mrs. H. 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Mrs. Vivian Carter Mason had invited these women in order to consider forming an interracial committee. All the women present were active in civic organizations, and came from different religious backgrounds.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt that first meeting it was decided that such an interracial group could indeed be beneficial to Norfolk. Furthermore, they decided that their organization should be autonomous - not affiliated with any other organization, but working in cooperation with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Mason was appointed temporary chairman and the group held meetings in May, June, and September. The first two meetings were devoted to establishing a constitution and coming up with a name. By December, there were 86 members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEarly in 1946, the WCIC was becoming active in the public school system, and worked with the public libraries and the Boy Scouts to notify the public of their humanitarian goals. These goals were: to improve city facilities for education, recreation, employment, and health; improve interracial attitudes; to seek equality of opportunity for everyone; and to work towards full citizenship privileges for all\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe WCIC implemented these goals by calling attention to the need for more blacks in civic occupations; worked with health organizations in providing testing for diseases and public health information; held public meetings and other activities with nationally known speakers to advance the ideas of integration; and met with city officials concerning proper housing for the poor. For the first two years the group met in different churches and kept their files and printed materials in the homes of its officers and chairmen. Finally the WCIC was able to get space for an office and meetings at the YWCA. This lasted for several years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs stress in Norfolk over the desegregation of public schools reached a climax, the WCIC found itself pitted against many opponents of desegregation. It became more difficult to find meeting places open to such a group. Also, when they did find a place, they often could not advertise their meeting because of criticism and possible censure it would draw towards those who allowed such a meeting to take place at their establishment. Consequently, for a period of time, the WCIC worked more \"behind the scenes\" than in the public eye. However the effectiveness of the group endured and through their studies and reports of other cities with integrated school systems, the group helped Norfolk overcome the crisis in 1958 when the public high schools were shut down.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Jan Halecki\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On April 17, 1945, eight black and eleven white women met in the vestry room of Ohef Sholom Temple in Norfolk. Mrs. Vivian Carter Mason had invited these women in order to consider forming an interracial committee. All the women present were active in civic organizations, and came from different religious backgrounds.","At that first meeting it was decided that such an interracial group could indeed be beneficial to Norfolk. Furthermore, they decided that their organization should be autonomous - not affiliated with any other organization, but working in cooperation with them.","Mrs. Mason was appointed temporary chairman and the group held meetings in May, June, and September. The first two meetings were devoted to establishing a constitution and coming up with a name. By December, there were 86 members.","Early in 1946, the WCIC was becoming active in the public school system, and worked with the public libraries and the Boy Scouts to notify the public of their humanitarian goals. These goals were: to improve city facilities for education, recreation, employment, and health; improve interracial attitudes; to seek equality of opportunity for everyone; and to work towards full citizenship privileges for all","The WCIC implemented these goals by calling attention to the need for more blacks in civic occupations; worked with health organizations in providing testing for diseases and public health information; held public meetings and other activities with nationally known speakers to advance the ideas of integration; and met with city officials concerning proper housing for the poor. For the first two years the group met in different churches and kept their files and printed materials in the homes of its officers and chairmen. Finally the WCIC was able to get space for an office and meetings at the YWCA. This lasted for several years.","As stress in Norfolk over the desegregation of public schools reached a climax, the WCIC found itself pitted against many opponents of desegregation. It became more difficult to find meeting places open to such a group. Also, when they did find a place, they often could not advertise their meeting because of criticism and possible censure it would draw towards those who allowed such a meeting to take place at their establishment. Consequently, for a period of time, the WCIC worked more \"behind the scenes\" than in the public eye. However the effectiveness of the group endured and through their studies and reports of other cities with integrated school systems, the group helped Norfolk overcome the crisis in 1958 when the public high schools were shut down.","Note written by Jan Halecki"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVivian Carter Mason Interviews (MG 53)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdith R. White Papers (MG 109)\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Vivian Carter Mason Interviews (MG 53)","Edith R. White Papers (MG 109)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (WCIC) was an organization of white and black women devoted to fostering racial harmony. The records include the organization's constitution, minutes of meetings, correspondence, speeches, annual reports, member lists, booklets, pamphlets, programs, invitations, newspaper clippings and published articles. Of interest is a transcribed panel report titled, \"How Norfolk Opened Her Schools,\" dated February 2, 1959, and Susan Slaughter's personal account of the \"First Fifteen Years of WCIC.\" In addition, there is material relating to the inception and early history of the Human Relations Council, which superseded the WCIC.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (WCIC) was an organization of white and black women devoted to fostering racial harmony. The records include the organization's constitution, minutes of meetings, correspondence, speeches, annual reports, member lists, booklets, pamphlets, programs, invitations, newspaper clippings and published articles. Of interest is a transcribed panel report titled, \"How Norfolk Opened Her Schools,\" dated February 2, 1959, and Susan Slaughter's personal account of the \"First Fifteen Years of WCIC.\" In addition, there is material relating to the inception and early history of the Human Relations Council, which superseded the WCIC."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d5119a8d33254e74d2d467937505f48c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eFounded in 1945 as an interracial organization designed to address concerns with education, health, and housing among the Afro-American community in Norfolk. Predecessor to the Norfolk Human Relations Council. Includes correspondence, newspapers clippings, minutes, reports, pamphlets, and membership lists. Bulk of the organization's records are in the archives at Norfolk State University.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Founded in 1945 as an interracial organization designed to address concerns with education, health, and housing among the Afro-American community in Norfolk. Predecessor to the Norfolk Human Relations Council. Includes correspondence, newspapers clippings, minutes, reports, pamphlets, and membership lists. Bulk of the organization's records are in the archives at Norfolk State University."],"names_coll_ssim":["Human Relations Council (Norfolk, Va.)","Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)","Mason, Vivian Carter (1900-1982)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)","Human Relations Council (Norfolk, Va.)","Mason, Vivian Carter (1900-1982)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)","Human Relations Council (Norfolk, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Mason, Vivian Carter (1900-1982)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":27,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:42:28.789Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_240","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_240","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_240","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_240","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_240.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/240","title_filing_ssi":"Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation","title_ssm":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records"],"title_tesim":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1939-1964, undated","Date acquired: 07/19/1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1964, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 07/19/1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 54","/repositories/5/resources/240"],"text":["MG 54","/repositories/5/resources/240","Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government","Women--Virginia--Social conditions","School integration--Virginia--Norfolk--History--20th century","School integration--Massive resistance movement","African Americans--Civil rights","Race relations--History--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government--1865-1950","Racism--Prevention","Open to researchers without restrictions.","On April 17, 1945, eight black and eleven white women met in the vestry room of Ohef Sholom Temple in Norfolk. Mrs. Vivian Carter Mason had invited these women in order to consider forming an interracial committee. All the women present were active in civic organizations, and came from different religious backgrounds.","At that first meeting it was decided that such an interracial group could indeed be beneficial to Norfolk. Furthermore, they decided that their organization should be autonomous - not affiliated with any other organization, but working in cooperation with them.","Mrs. Mason was appointed temporary chairman and the group held meetings in May, June, and September. The first two meetings were devoted to establishing a constitution and coming up with a name. By December, there were 86 members.","Early in 1946, the WCIC was becoming active in the public school system, and worked with the public libraries and the Boy Scouts to notify the public of their humanitarian goals. These goals were: to improve city facilities for education, recreation, employment, and health; improve interracial attitudes; to seek equality of opportunity for everyone; and to work towards full citizenship privileges for all","The WCIC implemented these goals by calling attention to the need for more blacks in civic occupations; worked with health organizations in providing testing for diseases and public health information; held public meetings and other activities with nationally known speakers to advance the ideas of integration; and met with city officials concerning proper housing for the poor. For the first two years the group met in different churches and kept their files and printed materials in the homes of its officers and chairmen. Finally the WCIC was able to get space for an office and meetings at the YWCA. This lasted for several years.","As stress in Norfolk over the desegregation of public schools reached a climax, the WCIC found itself pitted against many opponents of desegregation. It became more difficult to find meeting places open to such a group. Also, when they did find a place, they often could not advertise their meeting because of criticism and possible censure it would draw towards those who allowed such a meeting to take place at their establishment. Consequently, for a period of time, the WCIC worked more \"behind the scenes\" than in the public eye. However the effectiveness of the group endured and through their studies and reports of other cities with integrated school systems, the group helped Norfolk overcome the crisis in 1958 when the public high schools were shut down.","Note written by Jan Halecki","Vivian Carter Mason Interviews (MG 53)","Edith R. White Papers (MG 109)","The Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (WCIC) was an organization of white and black women devoted to fostering racial harmony. The records include the organization's constitution, minutes of meetings, correspondence, speeches, annual reports, member lists, booklets, pamphlets, programs, invitations, newspaper clippings and published articles. Of interest is a transcribed panel report titled, \"How Norfolk Opened Her Schools,\" dated February 2, 1959, and Susan Slaughter's personal account of the \"First Fifteen Years of WCIC.\" In addition, there is material relating to the inception and early history of the Human Relations Council, which superseded the WCIC.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Founded in 1945 as an interracial organization designed to address concerns with education, health, and housing among the Afro-American community in Norfolk. Predecessor to the Norfolk Human Relations Council. Includes correspondence, newspapers clippings, minutes, reports, pamphlets, and membership lists. Bulk of the organization's records are in the archives at Norfolk State University.","ODU Community Collections","Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)","Human Relations Council (Norfolk, Va.)","Mason, Vivian Carter (1900-1982)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 54","/repositories/5/resources/240"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records"],"collection_ssim":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (Norfolk, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Virginia--Politics and government"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mrs. H. 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Mrs. Vivian Carter Mason had invited these women in order to consider forming an interracial committee. All the women present were active in civic organizations, and came from different religious backgrounds.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt that first meeting it was decided that such an interracial group could indeed be beneficial to Norfolk. Furthermore, they decided that their organization should be autonomous - not affiliated with any other organization, but working in cooperation with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Mason was appointed temporary chairman and the group held meetings in May, June, and September. The first two meetings were devoted to establishing a constitution and coming up with a name. By December, there were 86 members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEarly in 1946, the WCIC was becoming active in the public school system, and worked with the public libraries and the Boy Scouts to notify the public of their humanitarian goals. These goals were: to improve city facilities for education, recreation, employment, and health; improve interracial attitudes; to seek equality of opportunity for everyone; and to work towards full citizenship privileges for all\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe WCIC implemented these goals by calling attention to the need for more blacks in civic occupations; worked with health organizations in providing testing for diseases and public health information; held public meetings and other activities with nationally known speakers to advance the ideas of integration; and met with city officials concerning proper housing for the poor. For the first two years the group met in different churches and kept their files and printed materials in the homes of its officers and chairmen. Finally the WCIC was able to get space for an office and meetings at the YWCA. This lasted for several years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs stress in Norfolk over the desegregation of public schools reached a climax, the WCIC found itself pitted against many opponents of desegregation. It became more difficult to find meeting places open to such a group. Also, when they did find a place, they often could not advertise their meeting because of criticism and possible censure it would draw towards those who allowed such a meeting to take place at their establishment. Consequently, for a period of time, the WCIC worked more \"behind the scenes\" than in the public eye. However the effectiveness of the group endured and through their studies and reports of other cities with integrated school systems, the group helped Norfolk overcome the crisis in 1958 when the public high schools were shut down.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Jan Halecki\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["On April 17, 1945, eight black and eleven white women met in the vestry room of Ohef Sholom Temple in Norfolk. Mrs. Vivian Carter Mason had invited these women in order to consider forming an interracial committee. All the women present were active in civic organizations, and came from different religious backgrounds.","At that first meeting it was decided that such an interracial group could indeed be beneficial to Norfolk. Furthermore, they decided that their organization should be autonomous - not affiliated with any other organization, but working in cooperation with them.","Mrs. Mason was appointed temporary chairman and the group held meetings in May, June, and September. The first two meetings were devoted to establishing a constitution and coming up with a name. By December, there were 86 members.","Early in 1946, the WCIC was becoming active in the public school system, and worked with the public libraries and the Boy Scouts to notify the public of their humanitarian goals. These goals were: to improve city facilities for education, recreation, employment, and health; improve interracial attitudes; to seek equality of opportunity for everyone; and to work towards full citizenship privileges for all","The WCIC implemented these goals by calling attention to the need for more blacks in civic occupations; worked with health organizations in providing testing for diseases and public health information; held public meetings and other activities with nationally known speakers to advance the ideas of integration; and met with city officials concerning proper housing for the poor. For the first two years the group met in different churches and kept their files and printed materials in the homes of its officers and chairmen. Finally the WCIC was able to get space for an office and meetings at the YWCA. This lasted for several years.","As stress in Norfolk over the desegregation of public schools reached a climax, the WCIC found itself pitted against many opponents of desegregation. It became more difficult to find meeting places open to such a group. Also, when they did find a place, they often could not advertise their meeting because of criticism and possible censure it would draw towards those who allowed such a meeting to take place at their establishment. Consequently, for a period of time, the WCIC worked more \"behind the scenes\" than in the public eye. However the effectiveness of the group endured and through their studies and reports of other cities with integrated school systems, the group helped Norfolk overcome the crisis in 1958 when the public high schools were shut down.","Note written by Jan Halecki"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation Records, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVivian Carter Mason Interviews (MG 53)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdith R. White Papers (MG 109)\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Vivian Carter Mason Interviews (MG 53)","Edith R. White Papers (MG 109)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (WCIC) was an organization of white and black women devoted to fostering racial harmony. The records include the organization's constitution, minutes of meetings, correspondence, speeches, annual reports, member lists, booklets, pamphlets, programs, invitations, newspaper clippings and published articles. Of interest is a transcribed panel report titled, \"How Norfolk Opened Her Schools,\" dated February 2, 1959, and Susan Slaughter's personal account of the \"First Fifteen Years of WCIC.\" In addition, there is material relating to the inception and early history of the Human Relations Council, which superseded the WCIC.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Women's Council for Interracial Cooperation (WCIC) was an organization of white and black women devoted to fostering racial harmony. The records include the organization's constitution, minutes of meetings, correspondence, speeches, annual reports, member lists, booklets, pamphlets, programs, invitations, newspaper clippings and published articles. Of interest is a transcribed panel report titled, \"How Norfolk Opened Her Schools,\" dated February 2, 1959, and Susan Slaughter's personal account of the \"First Fifteen Years of WCIC.\" In addition, there is material relating to the inception and early history of the Human Relations Council, which superseded the WCIC."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d5119a8d33254e74d2d467937505f48c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eFounded in 1945 as an interracial organization designed to address concerns with education, health, and housing among the Afro-American community in Norfolk. Predecessor to the Norfolk Human Relations Council. Includes correspondence, newspapers clippings, minutes, reports, pamphlets, and membership lists. Bulk of the organization's records are in the archives at Norfolk State University.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Founded in 1945 as an interracial organization designed to address concerns with education, health, and housing among the Afro-American community in Norfolk. Predecessor to the Norfolk Human Relations Council. Includes correspondence, newspapers clippings, minutes, reports, pamphlets, and membership lists. 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