{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=United+States.+Supreme+Court+--+History+--+20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1981","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=United+States.+Supreme+Court+--+History+--+20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1981\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_734_c07","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Addendum to the Papers of A. E. Dick Howard [f] - Student Notebooks, Clerkship Files, Teaching Files, Case Files, Counselor to Governor Charles Robb Files and Other State of Virginia Miscellaneous Files, 1956/2001","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_734_c07#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Personal and professional files. Includes students notes, clerkship files, teaching files, case files, counselor to Virginia Governor Charles S. Robb files and other miscellaneous files.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_734_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_734_c07","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_734_c07"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_734_c07","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_734","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_734","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_734","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_734","parent_ssim":["A. E. Dick Howard papers, 1928/2017"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_734"],"title_filing_ssi":"Addendum to the Papers of A. E. Dick Howard [f] - Student Notebooks, Clerkship Files, Teaching Files,  Case Files, Counselor to Governor Charles Robb Files and Other State of Virginia Miscellaneous Files","title_ssm":["Addendum to the Papers of A. E. Dick Howard [f] - Student Notebooks, Clerkship Files, Teaching Files, Case Files, Counselor to Governor Charles Robb Files and Other State of Virginia Miscellaneous Files"],"title_tesim":["Addendum to the Papers of A. E. Dick Howard [f] - Student Notebooks, Clerkship Files, Teaching Files, Case Files, Counselor to Governor Charles Robb Files and Other State of Virginia Miscellaneous Files"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addendum to the Papers of A. E. Dick Howard [f] - Student Notebooks, Clerkship Files, Teaching Files, Case Files, Counselor to Governor Charles Robb Files and Other State of Virginia Miscellaneous Files, 1956/2001"],"text":["Addendum to the Papers of A. E. Dick Howard [f] - Student Notebooks, Clerkship Files, Teaching Files, Case Files, Counselor to Governor Charles Robb Files and Other State of Virginia Miscellaneous Files, 1956/2001","A. E. Dick Howard papers, 1928/2017","Black, Hugo Lafayette, 1886-1971","Howard, A. E. Dick","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Constitutional law","Constitutional law -- Virginia","Constitutional law -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","University of Virginia. School of Law -- Faculty","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","Boxes 1 – 6 contain A. E. Dick Howard student notebooks as a law student at the University of Virginia School of Law, a binder with briefs (Box 5) and other University of Virginia files.","Boxes 7-8 are the Hugo L. Black files. A. E. Dick Howard served as a law clerk to Justice Black during the October Term of 1962 to the October Term of 1963.","Box 9 -10 contain cert notes that Howard wrote during his clerkship with Justice Hugo Black (1962-1964).  \"I happened upon the scene of a truly historic moment. Between the time I accepted the clerkship and the time I reported for duty, Felix Frankfurter had a stroke and left the Court. He was replaced by Arthur Goldburg, Thus the field marshal of the Court's conservative wing was replaced by a liberal. This shifted the balance on the Court to the more liberal justices. It was at that moment that the Warren Court came into its own, I had the fortune of sitting at the elbow of the architect of much of the Warren Court's most important decisions. An example (during my time) was Gideon v. Wainwright.\"","Boxes 11- 15 Teaching Files: Comparative Constitutional Law, Constitutionalism, Jurisprudence, Supreme Court Seminar (All these files have restricted materials that have been signaled).","Boxes 15 -21 are comprised of case files. School District of Grand Rapids v. Ball, an important case arising under the First Amendment's Establishment Clause in which Prof. Howard agreed to argue the case for the respondents.  The Bricks Company v. United States \"involved constitutional challenges to the Coal Industry Retiree Health Benefit Act of 1992\", are two of the most important ones.","Boxes 22-27 are the Counselor to Governor Charles S. Robb Files. A. E. Dick Howard was named Counselor to the Governor in 1982. \"This position had not existed before, so I was the first person to hold this post. The post was unpaid and part-time.\" (Note to Amy Wharton, October 2020).","Box 28 contains Other State of Virginia files","Personal and professional files. Includes students notes, clerkship files, teaching files, case files, counselor to Virginia Governor Charles S. Robb files and other miscellaneous files."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A. E. Dick Howard papers, 1928/2017"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A. E. Dick Howard papers, 1928/2017"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956/2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956-2001"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1560,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["A. E. Dick Howard papers, 1928/2017"],"extent_ssm":["11 Cubic Feet 28 archival boxes"],"extent_tesim":["11 Cubic Feet 28 archival boxes"],"creator_ssim":["Howard, A. E. Dick"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":8,"persname_ssim":["Black, Hugo Lafayette, 1886-1971","Howard, A. E. Dick"],"names_ssim":["Black, Hugo Lafayette, 1886-1971","Howard, A. E. Dick"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Constitutional law","Constitutional law -- Virginia","Constitutional law -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","University of Virginia. School of Law -- Faculty","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Constitutional law","Constitutional law -- Virginia","Constitutional law -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","University of Virginia. School of Law -- Faculty","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This addition to the collection was transferred to the Law Library between August of 2020 and January 2021."],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBoxes 1 – 6 contain A. E. Dick Howard student notebooks as a law student at the University of Virginia School of Law, a binder with briefs (Box 5) and other University of Virginia files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 7-8 are the Hugo L. Black files. A. E. Dick Howard served as a law clerk to Justice Black during the October Term of 1962 to the October Term of 1963.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 9 -10 contain cert notes that Howard wrote during his clerkship with Justice Hugo Black (1962-1964).  \"I happened upon the scene of a truly historic moment. Between the time I accepted the clerkship and the time I reported for duty, Felix Frankfurter had a stroke and left the Court. He was replaced by Arthur Goldburg, Thus the field marshal of the Court's conservative wing was replaced by a liberal. This shifted the balance on the Court to the more liberal justices. It was at that moment that the Warren Court came into its own, I had the fortune of sitting at the elbow of the architect of much of the Warren Court's most important decisions. An example (during my time) was Gideon v. Wainwright.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 11- 15 Teaching Files: Comparative Constitutional Law, Constitutionalism, Jurisprudence, Supreme Court Seminar (All these files have restricted materials that have been signaled).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 15 -21 are comprised of case files. School District of Grand Rapids v. Ball, an important case arising under the First Amendment's Establishment Clause in which Prof. Howard agreed to argue the case for the respondents.  The Bricks Company v. United States \"involved constitutional challenges to the Coal Industry Retiree Health Benefit Act of 1992\", are two of the most important ones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 22-27 are the Counselor to Governor Charles S. Robb Files. A. E. Dick Howard was named Counselor to the Governor in 1982. \"This position had not existed before, so I was the first person to hold this post. The post was unpaid and part-time.\" (Note to Amy Wharton, October 2020).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 28 contains Other State of Virginia files\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Boxes 1 – 6 contain A. E. Dick Howard student notebooks as a law student at the University of Virginia School of Law, a binder with briefs (Box 5) and other University of Virginia files.","Boxes 7-8 are the Hugo L. Black files. A. E. Dick Howard served as a law clerk to Justice Black during the October Term of 1962 to the October Term of 1963.","Box 9 -10 contain cert notes that Howard wrote during his clerkship with Justice Hugo Black (1962-1964).  \"I happened upon the scene of a truly historic moment. Between the time I accepted the clerkship and the time I reported for duty, Felix Frankfurter had a stroke and left the Court. He was replaced by Arthur Goldburg, Thus the field marshal of the Court's conservative wing was replaced by a liberal. This shifted the balance on the Court to the more liberal justices. It was at that moment that the Warren Court came into its own, I had the fortune of sitting at the elbow of the architect of much of the Warren Court's most important decisions. An example (during my time) was Gideon v. Wainwright.\"","Boxes 11- 15 Teaching Files: Comparative Constitutional Law, Constitutionalism, Jurisprudence, Supreme Court Seminar (All these files have restricted materials that have been signaled).","Boxes 15 -21 are comprised of case files. School District of Grand Rapids v. Ball, an important case arising under the First Amendment's Establishment Clause in which Prof. Howard agreed to argue the case for the respondents.  The Bricks Company v. United States \"involved constitutional challenges to the Coal Industry Retiree Health Benefit Act of 1992\", are two of the most important ones.","Boxes 22-27 are the Counselor to Governor Charles S. Robb Files. A. E. Dick Howard was named Counselor to the Governor in 1982. \"This position had not existed before, so I was the first person to hold this post. The post was unpaid and part-time.\" (Note to Amy Wharton, October 2020).","Box 28 contains Other State of Virginia files"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_06165bb16e518397917ee2588395f9fe\"\u003ePersonal and professional files. Includes students notes, clerkship files, teaching files, case files, counselor to Virginia Governor Charles S. Robb files and other miscellaneous files.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Personal and professional files. Includes students notes, clerkship files, teaching files, case files, counselor to Virginia Governor Charles S. Robb files and other miscellaneous files."],"_nest_path_":"/components#6","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:46.871Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_734","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_734","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_734","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_734","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_734.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/128421","title_ssm":["A. E. Dick Howard papers"],"title_tesim":["A. E. Dick Howard papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1928-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1928-2017"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1928/2017"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A. E. Dick Howard papers, 1928/2017"],"text":["A. E. Dick Howard papers, 1928/2017","MSS.2013.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/734","Europe, Eastern -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Europe, Central -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Judges -- Selection and appointment -- United States","Law  -- Study and teaching","Constitutional law -- Virginia","Constitutional law","photographs","The papers of A. E. Dick Howard reflect his academic and professional endeavors. The archives have received five installments of papers from Professor Howard, plus an entire collection: The Papers of A. E. Dick Howard for the Virginia Commission for Constitutional Revision, received in 1981, MSS 81-4.\n \nPapers related to the nomination of Judge Robert Bork to the Supreme Court: these files consist of some reports and statements in relation to the nomination of Judge Robert H. Bork to the Supreme Court.  Professor Howard was a commentator on the McNeil/Lehrer NewsHour during the confirmation hearings.  Bill O'Brien, a student assistant, helped him to collect all of the information.\n \nAddendum [a]: Central and Eastern European New Constitutions: these files relate to Howard's involvement on the writing of new constitutions in Central and Eastern Europe at the collapse of the Soviet Union. The files were processed trying to convey their original organization and consist of correspondence, memoranda, working papers and numerous printed materials.","Addendum [b]: Lectures and Speeches: this collection consists of files related to lectures and speeches given by Professor Howard. The files include correspondence, memoranda, programs, notes, and printed materials .","Addendum [c]: consist of campaign materials from the 1970 Referendum on the Constitution of Virginia.","Addendum [d]: consist of files about the [Virginia] Governor Fellows Program; Governor's Commission on Campaign Finance Reform, Government Accountability, and Ethics (Ethics Commission); Project on Constitution and Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe (Please see: Papers of Professor A. E. Dick Howard re Central and Eastern European new constitutions: MSS 2013 – 1a); ERA – Task Force on the Effect of Ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment on the Law of Virginia;  Miller v. Ayres and Howell v. McAuliffe; Miscellaneous UVA Files related to University of Virginia Committee on Virginia Status of University Students (1972) and Law School lists of reading materials for Prof. Howard's classes.","Addendum [e]: contains materials that were used to launch a curriculum for a new course on environmental law at the University of Virginia Law School, taught by professors A. E. Dick Howard and Mason Willrich. These papers include correspondence with professors and lawyers at other institutions, research materials for pertinent subjects, and class materials such as syllabi, lectures, and student papers.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","Howard, A. E. Dick","Bork, Robert H., 1927-2012","Kennedy, Edward M., 1932-2009","Black, Hugo Lafayette, 1886-1971","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["A. E. Dick Howard papers, 1928/2017"],"collection_ssim":["A. E. Dick Howard papers, 1928/2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2013.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/734"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2013.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/734"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Europe, Eastern -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Europe, Central -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Europe, Eastern -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Europe, Central -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Europe, Eastern -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Europe, Central -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Howard, A. E. Dick"],"creator_ssim":["Howard, A. E. Dick"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Howard, A. E. Dick","Bork, Robert H., 1927-2012","Kennedy, Edward M., 1932-2009","Black, Hugo Lafayette, 1886-1971"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law"],"creators_ssim":["Howard, A. E. Dick","Bork, Robert H., 1927-2012","Kennedy, Edward M., 1932-2009","Black, Hugo Lafayette, 1886-1971","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These papers were transferred to the archives by Howard in 2012, 2013 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Judges -- Selection and appointment -- United States","Law  -- Study and teaching","Constitutional law -- Virginia","Constitutional law","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Judges -- Selection and appointment -- United States","Law  -- Study and teaching","Constitutional law -- Virginia","Constitutional law","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["34.5 Cubic Feet 82 archival boxes"],"extent_tesim":["34.5 Cubic Feet 82 archival boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of A. E. Dick Howard reflect his academic and professional endeavors. The archives have received five installments of papers from Professor Howard, plus an entire collection: The Papers of A. E. Dick Howard for the Virginia Commission for Constitutional Revision, received in 1981, MSS 81-4.\n \nPapers related to the nomination of Judge Robert Bork to the Supreme Court: these files consist of some reports and statements in relation to the nomination of Judge Robert H. Bork to the Supreme Court.  Professor Howard was a commentator on the McNeil/Lehrer NewsHour during the confirmation hearings.  Bill O'Brien, a student assistant, helped him to collect all of the information.\n \nAddendum [a]: Central and Eastern European New Constitutions: these files relate to Howard's involvement on the writing of new constitutions in Central and Eastern Europe at the collapse of the Soviet Union. The files were processed trying to convey their original organization and consist of correspondence, memoranda, working papers and numerous printed materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum [b]: Lectures and Speeches: this collection consists of files related to lectures and speeches given by Professor Howard. The files include correspondence, memoranda, programs, notes, and printed materials .  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum [c]: consist of campaign materials from the 1970 Referendum on the Constitution of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum [d]: consist of files about the [Virginia] Governor Fellows Program; Governor's Commission on Campaign Finance Reform, Government Accountability, and Ethics (Ethics Commission); Project on Constitution and Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe (Please see: Papers of Professor A. E. Dick Howard re Central and Eastern European new constitutions: MSS 2013 – 1a); ERA – Task Force on the Effect of Ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment on the Law of Virginia;  Miller v. Ayres and Howell v. McAuliffe; Miscellaneous UVA Files related to University of Virginia Committee on Virginia Status of University Students (1972) and Law School lists of reading materials for Prof. Howard's classes. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddendum [e]: contains materials that were used to launch a curriculum for a new course on environmental law at the University of Virginia Law School, taught by professors A. E. Dick Howard and Mason Willrich. These papers include correspondence with professors and lawyers at other institutions, research materials for pertinent subjects, and class materials such as syllabi, lectures, and student papers. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of A. E. Dick Howard reflect his academic and professional endeavors. The archives have received five installments of papers from Professor Howard, plus an entire collection: The Papers of A. E. Dick Howard for the Virginia Commission for Constitutional Revision, received in 1981, MSS 81-4.\n \nPapers related to the nomination of Judge Robert Bork to the Supreme Court: these files consist of some reports and statements in relation to the nomination of Judge Robert H. Bork to the Supreme Court.  Professor Howard was a commentator on the McNeil/Lehrer NewsHour during the confirmation hearings.  Bill O'Brien, a student assistant, helped him to collect all of the information.\n \nAddendum [a]: Central and Eastern European New Constitutions: these files relate to Howard's involvement on the writing of new constitutions in Central and Eastern Europe at the collapse of the Soviet Union. The files were processed trying to convey their original organization and consist of correspondence, memoranda, working papers and numerous printed materials.","Addendum [b]: Lectures and Speeches: this collection consists of files related to lectures and speeches given by Professor Howard. The files include correspondence, memoranda, programs, notes, and printed materials .","Addendum [c]: consist of campaign materials from the 1970 Referendum on the Constitution of Virginia.","Addendum [d]: consist of files about the [Virginia] Governor Fellows Program; Governor's Commission on Campaign Finance Reform, Government Accountability, and Ethics (Ethics Commission); Project on Constitution and Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe (Please see: Papers of Professor A. E. Dick Howard re Central and Eastern European new constitutions: MSS 2013 – 1a); ERA – Task Force on the Effect of Ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment on the Law of Virginia;  Miller v. Ayres and Howell v. McAuliffe; Miscellaneous UVA Files related to University of Virginia Committee on Virginia Status of University Students (1972) and Law School lists of reading materials for Prof. Howard's classes.","Addendum [e]: contains materials that were used to launch a curriculum for a new course on environmental law at the University of Virginia Law School, taught by professors A. E. Dick Howard and Mason Willrich. These papers include correspondence with professors and lawyers at other institutions, research materials for pertinent subjects, and class materials such as syllabi, lectures, and student papers."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law"],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Law","Howard, A. E. Dick","Bork, Robert H., 1927-2012","Kennedy, Edward M., 1932-2009"],"persname_ssim":["Howard, A. E. Dick","Bork, Robert H., 1927-2012","Kennedy, Edward M., 1932-2009","Black, Hugo Lafayette, 1886-1971"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","Howard, A. E. Dick","Bork, Robert H., 1927-2012","Kennedy, Edward M., 1932-2009","Black, Hugo Lafayette, 1886-1971"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1840,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:46.871Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_734_c07"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_100.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/107670","title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-1989","1953-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1953-1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"text":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955","MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100","School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs","There are no restrictions.","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of Brown v. Board of Education when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of Brown titled Simple Justice (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision inBrownwas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in Brown and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous Browndecision was handed down.","During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in Plessy v. Ferguson; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.","The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns Brown v. Board of Education and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of theBrownera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.","There are no restrictions.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"collection_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016"],"creator_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. gifted this collection to the Law Library in 1986 and an addendum in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eE. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Law Review\u003c/emph\u003e. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSimple Justice\u003c/emph\u003e (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003ewas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003edecision was handed down.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePlessy v. Ferguson\u003c/emph\u003e; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of Brown v. Board of Education when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of Brown titled Simple Justice (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision inBrownwas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in Brown and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous Browndecision was handed down.","During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in Plessy v. Ferguson; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003eera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns Brown v. Board of Education and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of theBrownera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"names_coll_ssim":["Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-15T00:04:47.156Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_100.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/107670","title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-1989","1953-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1953-1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"text":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955","MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100","School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs","There are no restrictions.","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of Brown v. Board of Education when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of Brown titled Simple Justice (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision inBrownwas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in Brown and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous Browndecision was handed down.","During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in Plessy v. Ferguson; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.","The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns Brown v. Board of Education and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of theBrownera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.","There are no restrictions.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"collection_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016"],"creator_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. gifted this collection to the Law Library in 1986 and an addendum in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. 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He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Law Review\u003c/emph\u003e. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSimple Justice\u003c/emph\u003e (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003ewas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003edecision was handed down.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePlessy v. Ferguson\u003c/emph\u003e; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of Brown v. Board of Education when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of Brown titled Simple Justice (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision inBrownwas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in Brown and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous Browndecision was handed down.","During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in Plessy v. Ferguson; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003eera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns Brown v. Board of Education and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of theBrownera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"names_coll_ssim":["Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-15T00:04:47.156Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=United+States.+Supreme+Court+--+History+--+20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1981\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=United+States.+Supreme+Court+--+History+--+20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1981"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"A. 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