{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Unions.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1871","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Unions.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1871\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":7,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4993","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4993#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4993#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Correspondence, business and legal records, account books, news releases, clippings, and family papers and photographs of a U.S. Marshall (1916-1922); editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1925-1959) and Wheeling REGISTER (1933-1935); Democratic politician; member of the National Bituminous Coal Commission (1935-1939); and businessman. Subjects include: Smith's student days at Virginia Military Institute; West Virginia National Guard; Monongah Mine Relief Committee; Associated Press; Association Against the Prohibition Amendment; Eighteenth Amendment; presidential elections and national and state politics, 1916-1956; John W. Davis; Alfred E. Smith; post-World War I radicalism and reaction; Ku Klux Klan; United Mine Workers; National Miners' Union; labor conflict, 1920s; U.S. Railway Administration; New Deal agencies; and Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. Correspondents include Van A. Bittner, William E. Chilton, William G. Conley, John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Eugene V. Debs, James A. Farley, William Green, Averell Harriman, Homer Adams Holt, Rush Dew Holt, Hugh S. Johnson, Louis Johnson, Harley M. Kilgore, H.G. Kump, John L. Lewis, William A. MacCorkle, J. Howard McGrath, Clarence W. Meadows, M.M. Neely, Okey L. Patteson, Jennings Randolph, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Adlai E. Stevenson, Harry S. Truman, Clarence W. Watson, and James O. Watson. There are also papers of Clarence L. Smith (1850-1905), editor of the Fairmont INDEX (1889) and founder of the Fairmont TIMES (1900), which include a domestic diary of his wife, 1876-1910; minute book of the Fleming Association, 1890-1894; papers of Clarence Edwin Smith, Jr., 1940-1941; papers of Thomas Barns (1750-1836), and his sons, John S. and James F.; Marion County millers and manufacturers, 1795-1908. There are also papers of Waitman T. Willey and a taped interview with C.E. Smith, 1956. Correspondents include John L. Lewis, George B. McClellan, Matthew M. Neely, Francis H. Pierpont, John J. Cornwell, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Harry S. Truman. There are also papers, 1917-1950, of Smith's brother, Earl H. (1880-1941), co-founder and editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1900-1925), state legislator, officer in the National Guard, and state commander of the American Legion. Subjects include World War I; Woodrow Wilson; American Legion; and state and national politics, 1918-1940. Correspondents include John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Sam T. Mallison, M.M. Neely, Jennings Randolph, and Howard Sutherland. The collection also includes papers, 1908-1940, of Herschel H. Rose, Smith's son-in-law, Fairmont attorney, Democrat politician, and circuit court judge. M.M. Neely is a correspondent. Financial records include account books, 1826-1893, of Thomas Barns, John S. Barns and Company, Barns, Fleming and Company (1857), James R. Fleming, woolen and flour milling, shoe manufacturing, and general merchandise operations in Marion County; account book of Mary Fleming Smith, 1888-1912; Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company, 1919-1949; Fairmont Broadcasting Company, 1932, 1947-1949; and Jackson Coal Company, 1917-1924.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4993#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4993","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4993","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4993","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4993","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_4993.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198477","title_ssm":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-1957"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-1957"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1606","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4993"],"text":["A\u0026M 1606","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4993","Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers","Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)","Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Coal mining - coal companies.","Diaries and journals.","Editors - letters and papers.","Elections","General stores","Judges - letters and papers.","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Mills and mill-work","Politics and government.","Railroads","Unions.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","World War, 1914-1918","No special access restriction applies.","258, 1604, 1606","15 photos separated to A\u0026M 4168, Panoramic Photos Collection:","\nOfficers, 201st Infantry WV NG [National Guard?] In Camp, Point Pleasant, WV; 1928","\n201st WV Infantry WV NG [National Guard?] Camp, Point Pleasant, WV, 1928/08/19-1928/09/02; 1928/08","\nPetroleum Industry Conference, Washington, D.C.; 1933/07","\nDemocratic National Convention, International Amphitheatre, Chicago, IL; 1952/07/21","\nJefferson-Jackson Victory Dinner, Mayflower Hotel, Washington, D.C.; 1949/02/24","\nClubhouse, Hialeah Park, Florida (Miami Jockey Club); 1938/02/05","\nDemocratic National Convention, Chicago Stadium, Chicago, IL (2 items); 1940/07/15","\nDemocratic National Convention, International Amphitheatre, Chicago, IL; 1952/07/21","\nDemocratic National Convention, Chicago Stadium, Chicago, IL; 1932/06/27","\nThe Kentucky Democratic Club of Washington, D.C., in honor of Senator Alben W. Barkley and Senator Marvel Mills Logan of Kentucky; undated","\nDemocratic National Convention, Convention Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Hon. James A. Farley, Chairman; 1936/06/23","\nWV Delegation Caucus, Democratic National Convention, Chicago; 1932/06","\nDemocratic National Convention, Houston, TX; 1928","\nDemocratic National Convention, New York City, NY; 1924/06/24","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, business and legal records, account books, news releases, clippings, and family papers and photographs of a U.S. Marshall (1916-1922); editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1925-1959) and Wheeling REGISTER (1933-1935); Democratic politician; member of the National Bituminous Coal Commission (1935-1939); and businessman. Subjects include: Smith's student days at Virginia Military Institute; West Virginia National Guard; Monongah Mine Relief Committee; Associated Press; Association Against the Prohibition Amendment; Eighteenth Amendment; presidential elections and national and state politics, 1916-1956; John W. Davis; Alfred E. Smith; post-World War I radicalism and reaction; Ku Klux Klan; United Mine Workers; National Miners' Union; labor conflict, 1920s; U.S. Railway Administration; New Deal agencies; and Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. Correspondents include Van A. Bittner, William E. Chilton, William G. Conley, John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Eugene V. Debs, James A. Farley, William Green, Averell Harriman, Homer Adams Holt, Rush Dew Holt, Hugh S. Johnson, Louis Johnson, Harley M. Kilgore, H.G. Kump, John L. Lewis, William A. MacCorkle, J. Howard McGrath, Clarence W. Meadows, M.M. Neely, Okey L. Patteson, Jennings Randolph, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Adlai E. Stevenson, Harry S. Truman, Clarence W. Watson, and James O. Watson. There are also papers of Clarence L. Smith (1850-1905), editor of the Fairmont INDEX (1889) and founder of the Fairmont TIMES (1900), which include a domestic diary of his wife, 1876-1910; minute book of the Fleming Association, 1890-1894; papers of Clarence Edwin Smith, Jr., 1940-1941; papers of Thomas Barns (1750-1836), and his sons, John S. and James F.; Marion County millers and manufacturers, 1795-1908. There are also papers of Waitman T. Willey and a taped interview with C.E. Smith, 1956. Correspondents include John L. Lewis, George B. McClellan, Matthew M. Neely, Francis H. Pierpont, John J. Cornwell, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Harry S. Truman. There are also papers, 1917-1950, of Smith's brother, Earl H. (1880-1941), co-founder and editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1900-1925), state legislator, officer in the National Guard, and state commander of the American Legion. Subjects include World War I; Woodrow Wilson; American Legion; and state and national politics, 1918-1940. Correspondents include John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Sam T. Mallison, M.M. Neely, Jennings Randolph, and Howard Sutherland. The collection also includes papers, 1908-1940, of Herschel H. Rose, Smith's son-in-law, Fairmont attorney, Democrat politician, and circuit court judge. M.M. Neely is a correspondent. Financial records include account books, 1826-1893, of Thomas Barns, John S. Barns and Company, Barns, Fleming and Company (1857), James R. Fleming, woolen and flour milling, shoe manufacturing, and general merchandise operations in Marion County; account book of Mary Fleming Smith, 1888-1912; Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company, 1919-1949; Fairmont Broadcasting Company, 1932, 1947-1949; and Jackson Coal Company, 1917-1924.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute","Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1606","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4993"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)"],"creator_ssm":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"creator_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"creators_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"places_ssim":["Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Coal mining - coal companies.","Diaries and journals.","Editors - letters and papers.","Elections","General stores","Judges - letters and papers.","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Mills and mill-work","Politics and government.","Railroads","Unions.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Coal mining - coal companies.","Diaries and journals.","Editors - letters and papers.","Elections","General stores","Judges - letters and papers.","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Mills and mill-work","Politics and government.","Railroads","Unions.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["19.4 Linear Feet Summary: 19 ft. 5 in. (44 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 3 in.); (8 ledgers, 8 1/2 in.); (2 wrapped packages, 1 1/2 in.); (1 oversize folder, 1 item.)"],"extent_tesim":["19.4 Linear Feet Summary: 19 ft. 5 in. (44 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 3 in.); (8 ledgers, 8 1/2 in.); (2 wrapped packages, 1 1/2 in.); (1 oversize folder, 1 item.)"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 1606, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers, A\u0026M 1606, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e258, 1604, 1606\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["258, 1604, 1606"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e15 photos separated to A\u0026amp;M 4168, Panoramic Photos Collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOfficers, 201st Infantry WV NG [National Guard?] In Camp, Point Pleasant, WV; 1928\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n201st WV Infantry WV NG [National Guard?] Camp, Point Pleasant, WV, 1928/08/19-1928/09/02; 1928/08\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nPetroleum Industry Conference, Washington, D.C.; 1933/07\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDemocratic National Convention, International Amphitheatre, Chicago, IL; 1952/07/21\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nJefferson-Jackson Victory Dinner, Mayflower Hotel, Washington, D.C.; 1949/02/24\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nClubhouse, Hialeah Park, Florida (Miami Jockey Club); 1938/02/05\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDemocratic National Convention, Chicago Stadium, Chicago, IL (2 items); 1940/07/15\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDemocratic National Convention, International Amphitheatre, Chicago, IL; 1952/07/21\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDemocratic National Convention, Chicago Stadium, Chicago, IL; 1932/06/27\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Kentucky Democratic Club of Washington, D.C., in honor of Senator Alben W. Barkley and Senator Marvel Mills Logan of Kentucky; undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDemocratic National Convention, Convention Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Hon. James A. Farley, Chairman; 1936/06/23\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWV Delegation Caucus, Democratic National Convention, Chicago; 1932/06\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDemocratic National Convention, Houston, TX; 1928\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDemocratic National Convention, New York City, NY; 1924/06/24\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["15 photos separated to A\u0026M 4168, Panoramic Photos Collection:","\nOfficers, 201st Infantry WV NG [National Guard?] In Camp, Point Pleasant, WV; 1928","\n201st WV Infantry WV NG [National Guard?] Camp, Point Pleasant, WV, 1928/08/19-1928/09/02; 1928/08","\nPetroleum Industry Conference, Washington, D.C.; 1933/07","\nDemocratic National Convention, International Amphitheatre, Chicago, IL; 1952/07/21","\nJefferson-Jackson Victory Dinner, Mayflower Hotel, Washington, D.C.; 1949/02/24","\nClubhouse, Hialeah Park, Florida (Miami Jockey Club); 1938/02/05","\nDemocratic National Convention, Chicago Stadium, Chicago, IL (2 items); 1940/07/15","\nDemocratic National Convention, International Amphitheatre, Chicago, IL; 1952/07/21","\nDemocratic National Convention, Chicago Stadium, Chicago, IL; 1932/06/27","\nThe Kentucky Democratic Club of Washington, D.C., in honor of Senator Alben W. Barkley and Senator Marvel Mills Logan of Kentucky; undated","\nDemocratic National Convention, Convention Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Hon. James A. Farley, Chairman; 1936/06/23","\nWV Delegation Caucus, Democratic National Convention, Chicago; 1932/06","\nDemocratic National Convention, Houston, TX; 1928","\nDemocratic National Convention, New York City, NY; 1924/06/24"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ed9fc27db8d0b68f8fb31adb20eabc65\"\u003eCorrespondence, business and legal records, account books, news releases, clippings, and family papers and photographs of a U.S. Marshall (1916-1922); editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1925-1959) and Wheeling REGISTER (1933-1935); Democratic politician; member of the National Bituminous Coal Commission (1935-1939); and businessman. Subjects include: Smith's student days at Virginia Military Institute; West Virginia National Guard; Monongah Mine Relief Committee; Associated Press; Association Against the Prohibition Amendment; Eighteenth Amendment; presidential elections and national and state politics, 1916-1956; John W. Davis; Alfred E. Smith; post-World War I radicalism and reaction; Ku Klux Klan; United Mine Workers; National Miners' Union; labor conflict, 1920s; U.S. Railway Administration; New Deal agencies; and Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. Correspondents include Van A. Bittner, William E. Chilton, William G. Conley, John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Eugene V. Debs, James A. Farley, William Green, Averell Harriman, Homer Adams Holt, Rush Dew Holt, Hugh S. Johnson, Louis Johnson, Harley M. Kilgore, H.G. Kump, John L. Lewis, William A. MacCorkle, J. Howard McGrath, Clarence W. Meadows, M.M. Neely, Okey L. Patteson, Jennings Randolph, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Adlai E. Stevenson, Harry S. Truman, Clarence W. Watson, and James O. Watson. There are also papers of Clarence L. Smith (1850-1905), editor of the Fairmont INDEX (1889) and founder of the Fairmont TIMES (1900), which include a domestic diary of his wife, 1876-1910; minute book of the Fleming Association, 1890-1894; papers of Clarence Edwin Smith, Jr., 1940-1941; papers of Thomas Barns (1750-1836), and his sons, John S. and James F.; Marion County millers and manufacturers, 1795-1908. There are also papers of Waitman T. Willey and a taped interview with C.E. Smith, 1956. Correspondents include John L. Lewis, George B. McClellan, Matthew M. Neely, Francis H. Pierpont, John J. Cornwell, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Harry S. Truman. There are also papers, 1917-1950, of Smith's brother, Earl H. (1880-1941), co-founder and editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1900-1925), state legislator, officer in the National Guard, and state commander of the American Legion. Subjects include World War I; Woodrow Wilson; American Legion; and state and national politics, 1918-1940. Correspondents include John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Sam T. Mallison, M.M. Neely, Jennings Randolph, and Howard Sutherland. The collection also includes papers, 1908-1940, of Herschel H. Rose, Smith's son-in-law, Fairmont attorney, Democrat politician, and circuit court judge. M.M. Neely is a correspondent. Financial records include account books, 1826-1893, of Thomas Barns, John S. Barns and Company, Barns, Fleming and Company (1857), James R. Fleming, woolen and flour milling, shoe manufacturing, and general merchandise operations in Marion County; account book of Mary Fleming Smith, 1888-1912; Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company, 1919-1949; Fairmont Broadcasting Company, 1932, 1947-1949; and Jackson Coal Company, 1917-1924.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, business and legal records, account books, news releases, clippings, and family papers and photographs of a U.S. Marshall (1916-1922); editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1925-1959) and Wheeling REGISTER (1933-1935); Democratic politician; member of the National Bituminous Coal Commission (1935-1939); and businessman. Subjects include: Smith's student days at Virginia Military Institute; West Virginia National Guard; Monongah Mine Relief Committee; Associated Press; Association Against the Prohibition Amendment; Eighteenth Amendment; presidential elections and national and state politics, 1916-1956; John W. Davis; Alfred E. Smith; post-World War I radicalism and reaction; Ku Klux Klan; United Mine Workers; National Miners' Union; labor conflict, 1920s; U.S. Railway Administration; New Deal agencies; and Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. Correspondents include Van A. Bittner, William E. Chilton, William G. Conley, John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Eugene V. Debs, James A. Farley, William Green, Averell Harriman, Homer Adams Holt, Rush Dew Holt, Hugh S. Johnson, Louis Johnson, Harley M. Kilgore, H.G. Kump, John L. Lewis, William A. MacCorkle, J. Howard McGrath, Clarence W. Meadows, M.M. Neely, Okey L. Patteson, Jennings Randolph, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Adlai E. Stevenson, Harry S. Truman, Clarence W. Watson, and James O. Watson. There are also papers of Clarence L. Smith (1850-1905), editor of the Fairmont INDEX (1889) and founder of the Fairmont TIMES (1900), which include a domestic diary of his wife, 1876-1910; minute book of the Fleming Association, 1890-1894; papers of Clarence Edwin Smith, Jr., 1940-1941; papers of Thomas Barns (1750-1836), and his sons, John S. and James F.; Marion County millers and manufacturers, 1795-1908. There are also papers of Waitman T. Willey and a taped interview with C.E. Smith, 1956. Correspondents include John L. Lewis, George B. McClellan, Matthew M. Neely, Francis H. Pierpont, John J. Cornwell, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Harry S. Truman. There are also papers, 1917-1950, of Smith's brother, Earl H. (1880-1941), co-founder and editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1900-1925), state legislator, officer in the National Guard, and state commander of the American Legion. Subjects include World War I; Woodrow Wilson; American Legion; and state and national politics, 1918-1940. Correspondents include John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Sam T. Mallison, M.M. Neely, Jennings Randolph, and Howard Sutherland. The collection also includes papers, 1908-1940, of Herschel H. Rose, Smith's son-in-law, Fairmont attorney, Democrat politician, and circuit court judge. M.M. Neely is a correspondent. Financial records include account books, 1826-1893, of Thomas Barns, John S. Barns and Company, Barns, Fleming and Company (1857), James R. Fleming, woolen and flour milling, shoe manufacturing, and general merchandise operations in Marion County; account book of Mary Fleming Smith, 1888-1912; Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company, 1919-1949; Fairmont Broadcasting Company, 1932, 1947-1949; and Jackson Coal Company, 1917-1924."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3bcab522bbd37afdbec35d3a482d3cc6\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute","Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:08:36.655Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4993","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4993","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4993","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4993","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_4993.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198477","title_ssm":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-1957"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-1957"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1606","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4993"],"text":["A\u0026M 1606","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4993","Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers","Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)","Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Coal mining - coal companies.","Diaries and journals.","Editors - letters and papers.","Elections","General stores","Judges - letters and papers.","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Mills and mill-work","Politics and government.","Railroads","Unions.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","World War, 1914-1918","No special access restriction applies.","258, 1604, 1606","15 photos separated to A\u0026M 4168, Panoramic Photos Collection:","\nOfficers, 201st Infantry WV NG [National Guard?] In Camp, Point Pleasant, WV; 1928","\n201st WV Infantry WV NG [National Guard?] Camp, Point Pleasant, WV, 1928/08/19-1928/09/02; 1928/08","\nPetroleum Industry Conference, Washington, D.C.; 1933/07","\nDemocratic National Convention, International Amphitheatre, Chicago, IL; 1952/07/21","\nJefferson-Jackson Victory Dinner, Mayflower Hotel, Washington, D.C.; 1949/02/24","\nClubhouse, Hialeah Park, Florida (Miami Jockey Club); 1938/02/05","\nDemocratic National Convention, Chicago Stadium, Chicago, IL (2 items); 1940/07/15","\nDemocratic National Convention, International Amphitheatre, Chicago, IL; 1952/07/21","\nDemocratic National Convention, Chicago Stadium, Chicago, IL; 1932/06/27","\nThe Kentucky Democratic Club of Washington, D.C., in honor of Senator Alben W. Barkley and Senator Marvel Mills Logan of Kentucky; undated","\nDemocratic National Convention, Convention Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Hon. James A. Farley, Chairman; 1936/06/23","\nWV Delegation Caucus, Democratic National Convention, Chicago; 1932/06","\nDemocratic National Convention, Houston, TX; 1928","\nDemocratic National Convention, New York City, NY; 1924/06/24","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, business and legal records, account books, news releases, clippings, and family papers and photographs of a U.S. Marshall (1916-1922); editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1925-1959) and Wheeling REGISTER (1933-1935); Democratic politician; member of the National Bituminous Coal Commission (1935-1939); and businessman. Subjects include: Smith's student days at Virginia Military Institute; West Virginia National Guard; Monongah Mine Relief Committee; Associated Press; Association Against the Prohibition Amendment; Eighteenth Amendment; presidential elections and national and state politics, 1916-1956; John W. Davis; Alfred E. Smith; post-World War I radicalism and reaction; Ku Klux Klan; United Mine Workers; National Miners' Union; labor conflict, 1920s; U.S. Railway Administration; New Deal agencies; and Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. Correspondents include Van A. Bittner, William E. Chilton, William G. Conley, John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Eugene V. Debs, James A. Farley, William Green, Averell Harriman, Homer Adams Holt, Rush Dew Holt, Hugh S. Johnson, Louis Johnson, Harley M. Kilgore, H.G. Kump, John L. Lewis, William A. MacCorkle, J. Howard McGrath, Clarence W. Meadows, M.M. Neely, Okey L. Patteson, Jennings Randolph, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Adlai E. Stevenson, Harry S. Truman, Clarence W. Watson, and James O. Watson. There are also papers of Clarence L. Smith (1850-1905), editor of the Fairmont INDEX (1889) and founder of the Fairmont TIMES (1900), which include a domestic diary of his wife, 1876-1910; minute book of the Fleming Association, 1890-1894; papers of Clarence Edwin Smith, Jr., 1940-1941; papers of Thomas Barns (1750-1836), and his sons, John S. and James F.; Marion County millers and manufacturers, 1795-1908. There are also papers of Waitman T. Willey and a taped interview with C.E. Smith, 1956. Correspondents include John L. Lewis, George B. McClellan, Matthew M. Neely, Francis H. Pierpont, John J. Cornwell, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Harry S. Truman. There are also papers, 1917-1950, of Smith's brother, Earl H. (1880-1941), co-founder and editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1900-1925), state legislator, officer in the National Guard, and state commander of the American Legion. Subjects include World War I; Woodrow Wilson; American Legion; and state and national politics, 1918-1940. Correspondents include John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Sam T. Mallison, M.M. Neely, Jennings Randolph, and Howard Sutherland. The collection also includes papers, 1908-1940, of Herschel H. Rose, Smith's son-in-law, Fairmont attorney, Democrat politician, and circuit court judge. M.M. Neely is a correspondent. Financial records include account books, 1826-1893, of Thomas Barns, John S. Barns and Company, Barns, Fleming and Company (1857), James R. Fleming, woolen and flour milling, shoe manufacturing, and general merchandise operations in Marion County; account book of Mary Fleming Smith, 1888-1912; Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company, 1919-1949; Fairmont Broadcasting Company, 1932, 1947-1949; and Jackson Coal Company, 1917-1924.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute","Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1606","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4993"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)"],"creator_ssm":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"creator_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"creators_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"places_ssim":["Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Coal mining - coal companies.","Diaries and journals.","Editors - letters and papers.","Elections","General stores","Judges - letters and papers.","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Mills and mill-work","Politics and government.","Railroads","Unions.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Coal mining - coal companies.","Diaries and journals.","Editors - letters and papers.","Elections","General stores","Judges - letters and papers.","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Mills and mill-work","Politics and government.","Railroads","Unions.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["19.4 Linear Feet Summary: 19 ft. 5 in. (44 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 3 in.); (8 ledgers, 8 1/2 in.); (2 wrapped packages, 1 1/2 in.); (1 oversize folder, 1 item.)"],"extent_tesim":["19.4 Linear Feet Summary: 19 ft. 5 in. (44 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 3 in.); (8 ledgers, 8 1/2 in.); (2 wrapped packages, 1 1/2 in.); (1 oversize folder, 1 item.)"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 1606, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers, A\u0026M 1606, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e258, 1604, 1606\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["258, 1604, 1606"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e15 photos separated to A\u0026amp;M 4168, Panoramic Photos Collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nOfficers, 201st Infantry WV NG [National Guard?] In Camp, Point Pleasant, WV; 1928\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n201st WV Infantry WV NG [National Guard?] Camp, Point Pleasant, WV, 1928/08/19-1928/09/02; 1928/08\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nPetroleum Industry Conference, Washington, D.C.; 1933/07\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDemocratic National Convention, International Amphitheatre, Chicago, IL; 1952/07/21\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nJefferson-Jackson Victory Dinner, Mayflower Hotel, Washington, D.C.; 1949/02/24\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nClubhouse, Hialeah Park, Florida (Miami Jockey Club); 1938/02/05\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDemocratic National Convention, Chicago Stadium, Chicago, IL (2 items); 1940/07/15\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDemocratic National Convention, International Amphitheatre, Chicago, IL; 1952/07/21\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDemocratic National Convention, Chicago Stadium, Chicago, IL; 1932/06/27\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Kentucky Democratic Club of Washington, D.C., in honor of Senator Alben W. Barkley and Senator Marvel Mills Logan of Kentucky; undated\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDemocratic National Convention, Convention Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Hon. James A. Farley, Chairman; 1936/06/23\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWV Delegation Caucus, Democratic National Convention, Chicago; 1932/06\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDemocratic National Convention, Houston, TX; 1928\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDemocratic National Convention, New York City, NY; 1924/06/24\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["15 photos separated to A\u0026M 4168, Panoramic Photos Collection:","\nOfficers, 201st Infantry WV NG [National Guard?] In Camp, Point Pleasant, WV; 1928","\n201st WV Infantry WV NG [National Guard?] Camp, Point Pleasant, WV, 1928/08/19-1928/09/02; 1928/08","\nPetroleum Industry Conference, Washington, D.C.; 1933/07","\nDemocratic National Convention, International Amphitheatre, Chicago, IL; 1952/07/21","\nJefferson-Jackson Victory Dinner, Mayflower Hotel, Washington, D.C.; 1949/02/24","\nClubhouse, Hialeah Park, Florida (Miami Jockey Club); 1938/02/05","\nDemocratic National Convention, Chicago Stadium, Chicago, IL (2 items); 1940/07/15","\nDemocratic National Convention, International Amphitheatre, Chicago, IL; 1952/07/21","\nDemocratic National Convention, Chicago Stadium, Chicago, IL; 1932/06/27","\nThe Kentucky Democratic Club of Washington, D.C., in honor of Senator Alben W. Barkley and Senator Marvel Mills Logan of Kentucky; undated","\nDemocratic National Convention, Convention Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Hon. James A. Farley, Chairman; 1936/06/23","\nWV Delegation Caucus, Democratic National Convention, Chicago; 1932/06","\nDemocratic National Convention, Houston, TX; 1928","\nDemocratic National Convention, New York City, NY; 1924/06/24"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ed9fc27db8d0b68f8fb31adb20eabc65\"\u003eCorrespondence, business and legal records, account books, news releases, clippings, and family papers and photographs of a U.S. Marshall (1916-1922); editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1925-1959) and Wheeling REGISTER (1933-1935); Democratic politician; member of the National Bituminous Coal Commission (1935-1939); and businessman. Subjects include: Smith's student days at Virginia Military Institute; West Virginia National Guard; Monongah Mine Relief Committee; Associated Press; Association Against the Prohibition Amendment; Eighteenth Amendment; presidential elections and national and state politics, 1916-1956; John W. Davis; Alfred E. Smith; post-World War I radicalism and reaction; Ku Klux Klan; United Mine Workers; National Miners' Union; labor conflict, 1920s; U.S. Railway Administration; New Deal agencies; and Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. Correspondents include Van A. Bittner, William E. Chilton, William G. Conley, John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Eugene V. Debs, James A. Farley, William Green, Averell Harriman, Homer Adams Holt, Rush Dew Holt, Hugh S. Johnson, Louis Johnson, Harley M. Kilgore, H.G. Kump, John L. Lewis, William A. MacCorkle, J. Howard McGrath, Clarence W. Meadows, M.M. Neely, Okey L. Patteson, Jennings Randolph, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Adlai E. Stevenson, Harry S. Truman, Clarence W. Watson, and James O. Watson. There are also papers of Clarence L. Smith (1850-1905), editor of the Fairmont INDEX (1889) and founder of the Fairmont TIMES (1900), which include a domestic diary of his wife, 1876-1910; minute book of the Fleming Association, 1890-1894; papers of Clarence Edwin Smith, Jr., 1940-1941; papers of Thomas Barns (1750-1836), and his sons, John S. and James F.; Marion County millers and manufacturers, 1795-1908. There are also papers of Waitman T. Willey and a taped interview with C.E. Smith, 1956. Correspondents include John L. Lewis, George B. McClellan, Matthew M. Neely, Francis H. Pierpont, John J. Cornwell, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Harry S. Truman. There are also papers, 1917-1950, of Smith's brother, Earl H. (1880-1941), co-founder and editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1900-1925), state legislator, officer in the National Guard, and state commander of the American Legion. Subjects include World War I; Woodrow Wilson; American Legion; and state and national politics, 1918-1940. Correspondents include John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Sam T. Mallison, M.M. Neely, Jennings Randolph, and Howard Sutherland. The collection also includes papers, 1908-1940, of Herschel H. Rose, Smith's son-in-law, Fairmont attorney, Democrat politician, and circuit court judge. M.M. Neely is a correspondent. Financial records include account books, 1826-1893, of Thomas Barns, John S. Barns and Company, Barns, Fleming and Company (1857), James R. Fleming, woolen and flour milling, shoe manufacturing, and general merchandise operations in Marion County; account book of Mary Fleming Smith, 1888-1912; Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company, 1919-1949; Fairmont Broadcasting Company, 1932, 1947-1949; and Jackson Coal Company, 1917-1924.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, business and legal records, account books, news releases, clippings, and family papers and photographs of a U.S. Marshall (1916-1922); editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1925-1959) and Wheeling REGISTER (1933-1935); Democratic politician; member of the National Bituminous Coal Commission (1935-1939); and businessman. Subjects include: Smith's student days at Virginia Military Institute; West Virginia National Guard; Monongah Mine Relief Committee; Associated Press; Association Against the Prohibition Amendment; Eighteenth Amendment; presidential elections and national and state politics, 1916-1956; John W. Davis; Alfred E. Smith; post-World War I radicalism and reaction; Ku Klux Klan; United Mine Workers; National Miners' Union; labor conflict, 1920s; U.S. Railway Administration; New Deal agencies; and Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. Correspondents include Van A. Bittner, William E. Chilton, William G. Conley, John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Eugene V. Debs, James A. Farley, William Green, Averell Harriman, Homer Adams Holt, Rush Dew Holt, Hugh S. Johnson, Louis Johnson, Harley M. Kilgore, H.G. Kump, John L. Lewis, William A. MacCorkle, J. Howard McGrath, Clarence W. Meadows, M.M. Neely, Okey L. Patteson, Jennings Randolph, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Adlai E. Stevenson, Harry S. Truman, Clarence W. Watson, and James O. Watson. There are also papers of Clarence L. Smith (1850-1905), editor of the Fairmont INDEX (1889) and founder of the Fairmont TIMES (1900), which include a domestic diary of his wife, 1876-1910; minute book of the Fleming Association, 1890-1894; papers of Clarence Edwin Smith, Jr., 1940-1941; papers of Thomas Barns (1750-1836), and his sons, John S. and James F.; Marion County millers and manufacturers, 1795-1908. There are also papers of Waitman T. Willey and a taped interview with C.E. Smith, 1956. Correspondents include John L. Lewis, George B. McClellan, Matthew M. Neely, Francis H. Pierpont, John J. Cornwell, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Harry S. Truman. There are also papers, 1917-1950, of Smith's brother, Earl H. (1880-1941), co-founder and editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1900-1925), state legislator, officer in the National Guard, and state commander of the American Legion. Subjects include World War I; Woodrow Wilson; American Legion; and state and national politics, 1918-1940. Correspondents include John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Sam T. Mallison, M.M. Neely, Jennings Randolph, and Howard Sutherland. The collection also includes papers, 1908-1940, of Herschel H. Rose, Smith's son-in-law, Fairmont attorney, Democrat politician, and circuit court judge. M.M. Neely is a correspondent. Financial records include account books, 1826-1893, of Thomas Barns, John S. Barns and Company, Barns, Fleming and Company (1857), James R. Fleming, woolen and flour milling, shoe manufacturing, and general merchandise operations in Marion County; account book of Mary Fleming Smith, 1888-1912; Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company, 1919-1949; Fairmont Broadcasting Company, 1932, 1947-1949; and Jackson Coal Company, 1917-1924."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_3bcab522bbd37afdbec35d3a482d3cc6\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute","Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:08:36.655Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4993"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2652","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2652#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2652#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Correspondence, business and legal records, account books, news releases, clippings, and family papers and photographs of a U.S. marshal (1916-1922); editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1925-1959) and Wheeling REGISTER (1933-1935); Democratic politician; member of the National Bituminous Coal Commission (1935-1939); and businessman. Subjects include: Smith's student days at Virginia Military Institute; West Virginia National Guard; Monongah Mine Relief Committee; Associated Press; Association Against the Prohibition Amendment; Eighteenth Amendment; presidential elections and national and state politics, 1916-1956; John W. Davis; Alfred E. Smith; post-World War I radicalism and reaction; Ku Klux Klan; United Mine Workers; National Miners' Union; labor conflict, 1920s; U.S. Railway Administration; New Deal agencies; and Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. Correspondents include Van A. Bittner, William E. Chilton, William G. Conley, John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Eugene V. Debs, James A. Farley, William Green, Averell Harriman, Homer Adams Holt, Rush Dew Holt, Hugh S. Johnson, Louis Johnson, Harley M. Kilgore, H.G. Kump, John L. Lewis, William A. MacCorkle, J. Howard McGrath, Clarence W. Meadows, M.M. Neely, Okey L. Patteson, Jennings Randolph, Adlai E. Stevenson, Clarence W. Watson, and James O. Watson. There are also papers of Clarence L. Smith (1850-1905), editor of the Fairmont INDEX (1889) and founder of the Fairmont TIMES (1900), which include a domestic diary of his wife, 1876-1910; minute book of the Fleming Association, 1890-1894; papers of Clarence Edwin Smith, Jr., 1940-1941; papers of Thomas Barns (1750-1836), and his sons, John S. (delegate to Second Wheeling Convention) and James F.; Marion County millers and manufacturers, 1795-1908. There are also papers of Waitman T. Willey and a taped interview with C.E. Smith, 1956. Correspondents include John L. Lewis, Matthew M. Neely, Francis H. Pierpont, and John J. Cornwell. There are also papers, 1917-1950, of Smith's brother, Earl H. (1880-1941), co-founder and editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1900-1925), state legislator, officer in the National Guard, and state commander of the American Legion. Subjects include World War I; Woodrow Wilson; American Legion; and state and national politics, 1918-1940. Correspondents include John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Sam T. Mallison, M.M. Neely, Jennings Randolph, and Howard Sutherland. The collection also includes papers, 1908-1940, of Herschel H. Rose, Smith's son-in-law, Fairmont attorney, Democrat politician, and circuit court judge. M.M. Neely is a correspondent. Financial records include account books, 1826-1893, of Thomas Barns, John S. Barns and Company, Barns, Fleming and Company (1857), James R. Fleming, woolen and flour milling, shoe manufacturing, and general merchandise operations in Marion County; account book of Mary Fleming Smith, 1888-1912; Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company, 1919-1949; Fairmont Broadcasting Company, 1932, 1947-1949; and Jackson Coal Company, 1917-1924; Fairmont Coal Company founding mortgage document, 1901 (box 2, folder 4).","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2652#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2652","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2652","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2652","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2652","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2652.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196718","title_ssm":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-1957"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-1957"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0258","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2652"],"text":["A\u0026M 0258","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2652","Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers","Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)","Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Coal mining - coal companies.","Diaries and journals.","Editors - letters and papers.","Elections","General stores","Judges - letters and papers.","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Mills and mill-work","Politics and government.","Railroads","Unions.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","World War, 1914-1918","No special access restriction applies.","258, 1604, 1606","Separated to Rare Books Collection from Box 2, Folder 2:","Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly. Dramatized by George L. Aiken. New York: Samuel French, 1858.","Separated to Rare Signatures, A\u0026M 435:","Letter from James A. Farley to C.E. Smith, December 1939.","Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to C.E. Smith, March 17, 1938.","Letter from Harry S. Truman to C.E. Smith, February 23, 1950.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, business and legal records, account books, news releases, clippings, and family papers and photographs of a U.S. marshal (1916-1922); editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1925-1959) and Wheeling REGISTER (1933-1935); Democratic politician; member of the National Bituminous Coal Commission (1935-1939); and businessman. Subjects include: Smith's student days at Virginia Military Institute; West Virginia National Guard; Monongah Mine Relief Committee; Associated Press; Association Against the Prohibition Amendment; Eighteenth Amendment; presidential elections and national and state politics, 1916-1956; John W. Davis; Alfred E. Smith; post-World War I radicalism and reaction; Ku Klux Klan; United Mine Workers; National Miners' Union; labor conflict, 1920s; U.S. Railway Administration; New Deal agencies; and Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. Correspondents include Van A. Bittner, William E. Chilton, William G. Conley, John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Eugene V. Debs, James A. Farley, William Green, Averell Harriman, Homer Adams Holt, Rush Dew Holt, Hugh S. Johnson, Louis Johnson, Harley M. Kilgore, H.G. Kump, John L. Lewis, William A. MacCorkle, J. Howard McGrath, Clarence W. Meadows, M.M. Neely, Okey L. Patteson, Jennings Randolph, Adlai E. Stevenson, Clarence W. Watson, and James O. Watson. There are also papers of Clarence L. Smith (1850-1905), editor of the Fairmont INDEX (1889) and founder of the Fairmont TIMES (1900), which include a domestic diary of his wife, 1876-1910; minute book of the Fleming Association, 1890-1894; papers of Clarence Edwin Smith, Jr., 1940-1941; papers of Thomas Barns (1750-1836), and his sons, John S. (delegate to Second Wheeling Convention) and James F.; Marion County millers and manufacturers, 1795-1908. There are also papers of Waitman T. Willey and a taped interview with C.E. Smith, 1956. Correspondents include John L. Lewis, Matthew M. Neely, Francis H. Pierpont, and John J. Cornwell. There are also papers, 1917-1950, of Smith's brother, Earl H. (1880-1941), co-founder and editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1900-1925), state legislator, officer in the National Guard, and state commander of the American Legion. Subjects include World War I; Woodrow Wilson; American Legion; and state and national politics, 1918-1940. Correspondents include John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Sam T. Mallison, M.M. Neely, Jennings Randolph, and Howard Sutherland. The collection also includes papers, 1908-1940, of Herschel H. Rose, Smith's son-in-law, Fairmont attorney, Democrat politician, and circuit court judge. M.M. Neely is a correspondent. Financial records include account books, 1826-1893, of Thomas Barns, John S. Barns and Company, Barns, Fleming and Company (1857), James R. Fleming, woolen and flour milling, shoe manufacturing, and general merchandise operations in Marion County; account book of Mary Fleming Smith, 1888-1912; Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company, 1919-1949; Fairmont Broadcasting Company, 1932, 1947-1949; and Jackson Coal Company, 1917-1924; Fairmont Coal Company founding mortgage document, 1901 (box 2, folder 4).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute","Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0258","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2652"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)"],"creator_ssm":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"creator_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"creators_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"places_ssim":["Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Coal mining - coal companies.","Diaries and journals.","Editors - letters and papers.","Elections","General stores","Judges - letters and papers.","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Mills and mill-work","Politics and government.","Railroads","Unions.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Coal mining - coal companies.","Diaries and journals.","Editors - letters and papers.","Elections","General stores","Judges - letters and papers.","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Mills and mill-work","Politics and government.","Railroads","Unions.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.25 Linear Feet Summary: 1 ft. 2 1/2 in. (2 document cases, 5 in. each); (2 folders, 1 1/2 in.); (1 scrapbook, 3 in.); (1 oversize folder, 3 items)"],"extent_tesim":["1.25 Linear Feet Summary: 1 ft. 2 1/2 in. (2 document cases, 5 in. each); (2 folders, 1 1/2 in.); (1 scrapbook, 3 in.); (1 oversize folder, 3 items)"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0258, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers, A\u0026M 0258, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e258, 1604, 1606\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["258, 1604, 1606"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeparated to Rare Books Collection from Box 2, Folder 2:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly. Dramatized by George L. Aiken. New York: Samuel French, 1858.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeparated to Rare Signatures, A\u0026amp;M 435:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetter from James A. Farley to C.E. Smith, December 1939.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to C.E. Smith, March 17, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Harry S. Truman to C.E. Smith, February 23, 1950.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Separated to Rare Books Collection from Box 2, Folder 2:","Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly. Dramatized by George L. Aiken. New York: Samuel French, 1858.","Separated to Rare Signatures, A\u0026M 435:","Letter from James A. Farley to C.E. Smith, December 1939.","Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to C.E. Smith, March 17, 1938.","Letter from Harry S. Truman to C.E. Smith, February 23, 1950."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_822786b86ccd09f6a7d09b106ca58e3b\"\u003eCorrespondence, business and legal records, account books, news releases, clippings, and family papers and photographs of a U.S. marshal (1916-1922); editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1925-1959) and Wheeling REGISTER (1933-1935); Democratic politician; member of the National Bituminous Coal Commission (1935-1939); and businessman. Subjects include: Smith's student days at Virginia Military Institute; West Virginia National Guard; Monongah Mine Relief Committee; Associated Press; Association Against the Prohibition Amendment; Eighteenth Amendment; presidential elections and national and state politics, 1916-1956; John W. Davis; Alfred E. Smith; post-World War I radicalism and reaction; Ku Klux Klan; United Mine Workers; National Miners' Union; labor conflict, 1920s; U.S. Railway Administration; New Deal agencies; and Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. Correspondents include Van A. Bittner, William E. Chilton, William G. Conley, John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Eugene V. Debs, James A. Farley, William Green, Averell Harriman, Homer Adams Holt, Rush Dew Holt, Hugh S. Johnson, Louis Johnson, Harley M. Kilgore, H.G. Kump, John L. Lewis, William A. MacCorkle, J. Howard McGrath, Clarence W. Meadows, M.M. Neely, Okey L. Patteson, Jennings Randolph, Adlai E. Stevenson, Clarence W. Watson, and James O. Watson. There are also papers of Clarence L. Smith (1850-1905), editor of the Fairmont INDEX (1889) and founder of the Fairmont TIMES (1900), which include a domestic diary of his wife, 1876-1910; minute book of the Fleming Association, 1890-1894; papers of Clarence Edwin Smith, Jr., 1940-1941; papers of Thomas Barns (1750-1836), and his sons, John S. (delegate to Second Wheeling Convention) and James F.; Marion County millers and manufacturers, 1795-1908. There are also papers of Waitman T. Willey and a taped interview with C.E. Smith, 1956. Correspondents include John L. Lewis, Matthew M. Neely, Francis H. Pierpont, and John J. Cornwell. There are also papers, 1917-1950, of Smith's brother, Earl H. (1880-1941), co-founder and editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1900-1925), state legislator, officer in the National Guard, and state commander of the American Legion. Subjects include World War I; Woodrow Wilson; American Legion; and state and national politics, 1918-1940. Correspondents include John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Sam T. Mallison, M.M. Neely, Jennings Randolph, and Howard Sutherland. The collection also includes papers, 1908-1940, of Herschel H. Rose, Smith's son-in-law, Fairmont attorney, Democrat politician, and circuit court judge. M.M. Neely is a correspondent. Financial records include account books, 1826-1893, of Thomas Barns, John S. Barns and Company, Barns, Fleming and Company (1857), James R. Fleming, woolen and flour milling, shoe manufacturing, and general merchandise operations in Marion County; account book of Mary Fleming Smith, 1888-1912; Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company, 1919-1949; Fairmont Broadcasting Company, 1932, 1947-1949; and Jackson Coal Company, 1917-1924; Fairmont Coal Company founding mortgage document, 1901 (box 2, folder 4).\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, business and legal records, account books, news releases, clippings, and family papers and photographs of a U.S. marshal (1916-1922); editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1925-1959) and Wheeling REGISTER (1933-1935); Democratic politician; member of the National Bituminous Coal Commission (1935-1939); and businessman. Subjects include: Smith's student days at Virginia Military Institute; West Virginia National Guard; Monongah Mine Relief Committee; Associated Press; Association Against the Prohibition Amendment; Eighteenth Amendment; presidential elections and national and state politics, 1916-1956; John W. Davis; Alfred E. Smith; post-World War I radicalism and reaction; Ku Klux Klan; United Mine Workers; National Miners' Union; labor conflict, 1920s; U.S. Railway Administration; New Deal agencies; and Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. Correspondents include Van A. Bittner, William E. Chilton, William G. Conley, John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Eugene V. Debs, James A. Farley, William Green, Averell Harriman, Homer Adams Holt, Rush Dew Holt, Hugh S. Johnson, Louis Johnson, Harley M. Kilgore, H.G. Kump, John L. Lewis, William A. MacCorkle, J. Howard McGrath, Clarence W. Meadows, M.M. Neely, Okey L. Patteson, Jennings Randolph, Adlai E. Stevenson, Clarence W. Watson, and James O. Watson. There are also papers of Clarence L. Smith (1850-1905), editor of the Fairmont INDEX (1889) and founder of the Fairmont TIMES (1900), which include a domestic diary of his wife, 1876-1910; minute book of the Fleming Association, 1890-1894; papers of Clarence Edwin Smith, Jr., 1940-1941; papers of Thomas Barns (1750-1836), and his sons, John S. (delegate to Second Wheeling Convention) and James F.; Marion County millers and manufacturers, 1795-1908. There are also papers of Waitman T. Willey and a taped interview with C.E. Smith, 1956. Correspondents include John L. Lewis, Matthew M. Neely, Francis H. Pierpont, and John J. Cornwell. There are also papers, 1917-1950, of Smith's brother, Earl H. (1880-1941), co-founder and editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1900-1925), state legislator, officer in the National Guard, and state commander of the American Legion. Subjects include World War I; Woodrow Wilson; American Legion; and state and national politics, 1918-1940. Correspondents include John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Sam T. Mallison, M.M. Neely, Jennings Randolph, and Howard Sutherland. The collection also includes papers, 1908-1940, of Herschel H. Rose, Smith's son-in-law, Fairmont attorney, Democrat politician, and circuit court judge. M.M. Neely is a correspondent. Financial records include account books, 1826-1893, of Thomas Barns, John S. Barns and Company, Barns, Fleming and Company (1857), James R. Fleming, woolen and flour milling, shoe manufacturing, and general merchandise operations in Marion County; account book of Mary Fleming Smith, 1888-1912; Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company, 1919-1949; Fairmont Broadcasting Company, 1932, 1947-1949; and Jackson Coal Company, 1917-1924; Fairmont Coal Company founding mortgage document, 1901 (box 2, folder 4)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_40930189a97d42a1cb8019af11f98966\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute","Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:01:00.702Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2652","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2652","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2652","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2652","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2652.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196718","title_ssm":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-1957"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-1957"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0258","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2652"],"text":["A\u0026M 0258","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2652","Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers","Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)","Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Coal mining - coal companies.","Diaries and journals.","Editors - letters and papers.","Elections","General stores","Judges - letters and papers.","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Mills and mill-work","Politics and government.","Railroads","Unions.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","World War, 1914-1918","No special access restriction applies.","258, 1604, 1606","Separated to Rare Books Collection from Box 2, Folder 2:","Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly. Dramatized by George L. Aiken. New York: Samuel French, 1858.","Separated to Rare Signatures, A\u0026M 435:","Letter from James A. Farley to C.E. Smith, December 1939.","Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to C.E. Smith, March 17, 1938.","Letter from Harry S. Truman to C.E. Smith, February 23, 1950.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, business and legal records, account books, news releases, clippings, and family papers and photographs of a U.S. marshal (1916-1922); editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1925-1959) and Wheeling REGISTER (1933-1935); Democratic politician; member of the National Bituminous Coal Commission (1935-1939); and businessman. Subjects include: Smith's student days at Virginia Military Institute; West Virginia National Guard; Monongah Mine Relief Committee; Associated Press; Association Against the Prohibition Amendment; Eighteenth Amendment; presidential elections and national and state politics, 1916-1956; John W. Davis; Alfred E. Smith; post-World War I radicalism and reaction; Ku Klux Klan; United Mine Workers; National Miners' Union; labor conflict, 1920s; U.S. Railway Administration; New Deal agencies; and Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. Correspondents include Van A. Bittner, William E. Chilton, William G. Conley, John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Eugene V. Debs, James A. Farley, William Green, Averell Harriman, Homer Adams Holt, Rush Dew Holt, Hugh S. Johnson, Louis Johnson, Harley M. Kilgore, H.G. Kump, John L. Lewis, William A. MacCorkle, J. Howard McGrath, Clarence W. Meadows, M.M. Neely, Okey L. Patteson, Jennings Randolph, Adlai E. Stevenson, Clarence W. Watson, and James O. Watson. There are also papers of Clarence L. Smith (1850-1905), editor of the Fairmont INDEX (1889) and founder of the Fairmont TIMES (1900), which include a domestic diary of his wife, 1876-1910; minute book of the Fleming Association, 1890-1894; papers of Clarence Edwin Smith, Jr., 1940-1941; papers of Thomas Barns (1750-1836), and his sons, John S. (delegate to Second Wheeling Convention) and James F.; Marion County millers and manufacturers, 1795-1908. There are also papers of Waitman T. Willey and a taped interview with C.E. Smith, 1956. Correspondents include John L. Lewis, Matthew M. Neely, Francis H. Pierpont, and John J. Cornwell. There are also papers, 1917-1950, of Smith's brother, Earl H. (1880-1941), co-founder and editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1900-1925), state legislator, officer in the National Guard, and state commander of the American Legion. Subjects include World War I; Woodrow Wilson; American Legion; and state and national politics, 1918-1940. Correspondents include John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Sam T. Mallison, M.M. Neely, Jennings Randolph, and Howard Sutherland. The collection also includes papers, 1908-1940, of Herschel H. Rose, Smith's son-in-law, Fairmont attorney, Democrat politician, and circuit court judge. M.M. Neely is a correspondent. Financial records include account books, 1826-1893, of Thomas Barns, John S. Barns and Company, Barns, Fleming and Company (1857), James R. Fleming, woolen and flour milling, shoe manufacturing, and general merchandise operations in Marion County; account book of Mary Fleming Smith, 1888-1912; Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company, 1919-1949; Fairmont Broadcasting Company, 1932, 1947-1949; and Jackson Coal Company, 1917-1924; Fairmont Coal Company founding mortgage document, 1901 (box 2, folder 4).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute","Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0258","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2652"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)"],"creator_ssm":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"creator_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"creators_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959"],"places_ssim":["Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Mountain Lake Park (Md.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Coal mining - coal companies.","Diaries and journals.","Editors - letters and papers.","Elections","General stores","Judges - letters and papers.","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Mills and mill-work","Politics and government.","Railroads","Unions.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Coal mining - coal companies.","Diaries and journals.","Editors - letters and papers.","Elections","General stores","Judges - letters and papers.","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Lawyers - letters and papers.","Mills and mill-work","Politics and government.","Railroads","Unions.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Women's history -- 1900-1929","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.25 Linear Feet Summary: 1 ft. 2 1/2 in. (2 document cases, 5 in. each); (2 folders, 1 1/2 in.); (1 scrapbook, 3 in.); (1 oversize folder, 3 items)"],"extent_tesim":["1.25 Linear Feet Summary: 1 ft. 2 1/2 in. (2 document cases, 5 in. each); (2 folders, 1 1/2 in.); (1 scrapbook, 3 in.); (1 oversize folder, 3 items)"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0258, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Clarence Edwin Smith (1885-1959) Papers, A\u0026M 0258, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e258, 1604, 1606\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["258, 1604, 1606"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeparated to Rare Books Collection from Box 2, Folder 2:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly. Dramatized by George L. Aiken. New York: Samuel French, 1858.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeparated to Rare Signatures, A\u0026amp;M 435:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetter from James A. Farley to C.E. Smith, December 1939.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to C.E. Smith, March 17, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetter from Harry S. Truman to C.E. Smith, February 23, 1950.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Separated to Rare Books Collection from Box 2, Folder 2:","Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly. Dramatized by George L. Aiken. New York: Samuel French, 1858.","Separated to Rare Signatures, A\u0026M 435:","Letter from James A. Farley to C.E. Smith, December 1939.","Letter from Franklin D. Roosevelt to C.E. Smith, March 17, 1938.","Letter from Harry S. Truman to C.E. Smith, February 23, 1950."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_822786b86ccd09f6a7d09b106ca58e3b\"\u003eCorrespondence, business and legal records, account books, news releases, clippings, and family papers and photographs of a U.S. marshal (1916-1922); editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1925-1959) and Wheeling REGISTER (1933-1935); Democratic politician; member of the National Bituminous Coal Commission (1935-1939); and businessman. Subjects include: Smith's student days at Virginia Military Institute; West Virginia National Guard; Monongah Mine Relief Committee; Associated Press; Association Against the Prohibition Amendment; Eighteenth Amendment; presidential elections and national and state politics, 1916-1956; John W. Davis; Alfred E. Smith; post-World War I radicalism and reaction; Ku Klux Klan; United Mine Workers; National Miners' Union; labor conflict, 1920s; U.S. Railway Administration; New Deal agencies; and Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. Correspondents include Van A. Bittner, William E. Chilton, William G. Conley, John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Eugene V. Debs, James A. Farley, William Green, Averell Harriman, Homer Adams Holt, Rush Dew Holt, Hugh S. Johnson, Louis Johnson, Harley M. Kilgore, H.G. Kump, John L. Lewis, William A. MacCorkle, J. Howard McGrath, Clarence W. Meadows, M.M. Neely, Okey L. Patteson, Jennings Randolph, Adlai E. Stevenson, Clarence W. Watson, and James O. Watson. There are also papers of Clarence L. Smith (1850-1905), editor of the Fairmont INDEX (1889) and founder of the Fairmont TIMES (1900), which include a domestic diary of his wife, 1876-1910; minute book of the Fleming Association, 1890-1894; papers of Clarence Edwin Smith, Jr., 1940-1941; papers of Thomas Barns (1750-1836), and his sons, John S. (delegate to Second Wheeling Convention) and James F.; Marion County millers and manufacturers, 1795-1908. There are also papers of Waitman T. Willey and a taped interview with C.E. Smith, 1956. Correspondents include John L. Lewis, Matthew M. Neely, Francis H. Pierpont, and John J. Cornwell. There are also papers, 1917-1950, of Smith's brother, Earl H. (1880-1941), co-founder and editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1900-1925), state legislator, officer in the National Guard, and state commander of the American Legion. Subjects include World War I; Woodrow Wilson; American Legion; and state and national politics, 1918-1940. Correspondents include John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Sam T. Mallison, M.M. Neely, Jennings Randolph, and Howard Sutherland. The collection also includes papers, 1908-1940, of Herschel H. Rose, Smith's son-in-law, Fairmont attorney, Democrat politician, and circuit court judge. M.M. Neely is a correspondent. Financial records include account books, 1826-1893, of Thomas Barns, John S. Barns and Company, Barns, Fleming and Company (1857), James R. Fleming, woolen and flour milling, shoe manufacturing, and general merchandise operations in Marion County; account book of Mary Fleming Smith, 1888-1912; Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company, 1919-1949; Fairmont Broadcasting Company, 1932, 1947-1949; and Jackson Coal Company, 1917-1924; Fairmont Coal Company founding mortgage document, 1901 (box 2, folder 4).\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, business and legal records, account books, news releases, clippings, and family papers and photographs of a U.S. marshal (1916-1922); editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1925-1959) and Wheeling REGISTER (1933-1935); Democratic politician; member of the National Bituminous Coal Commission (1935-1939); and businessman. Subjects include: Smith's student days at Virginia Military Institute; West Virginia National Guard; Monongah Mine Relief Committee; Associated Press; Association Against the Prohibition Amendment; Eighteenth Amendment; presidential elections and national and state politics, 1916-1956; John W. Davis; Alfred E. Smith; post-World War I radicalism and reaction; Ku Klux Klan; United Mine Workers; National Miners' Union; labor conflict, 1920s; U.S. Railway Administration; New Deal agencies; and Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. Correspondents include Van A. Bittner, William E. Chilton, William G. Conley, John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Eugene V. Debs, James A. Farley, William Green, Averell Harriman, Homer Adams Holt, Rush Dew Holt, Hugh S. Johnson, Louis Johnson, Harley M. Kilgore, H.G. Kump, John L. Lewis, William A. MacCorkle, J. Howard McGrath, Clarence W. Meadows, M.M. Neely, Okey L. Patteson, Jennings Randolph, Adlai E. Stevenson, Clarence W. Watson, and James O. Watson. There are also papers of Clarence L. Smith (1850-1905), editor of the Fairmont INDEX (1889) and founder of the Fairmont TIMES (1900), which include a domestic diary of his wife, 1876-1910; minute book of the Fleming Association, 1890-1894; papers of Clarence Edwin Smith, Jr., 1940-1941; papers of Thomas Barns (1750-1836), and his sons, John S. (delegate to Second Wheeling Convention) and James F.; Marion County millers and manufacturers, 1795-1908. There are also papers of Waitman T. Willey and a taped interview with C.E. Smith, 1956. Correspondents include John L. Lewis, Matthew M. Neely, Francis H. Pierpont, and John J. Cornwell. There are also papers, 1917-1950, of Smith's brother, Earl H. (1880-1941), co-founder and editor of the Fairmont TIMES (1900-1925), state legislator, officer in the National Guard, and state commander of the American Legion. Subjects include World War I; Woodrow Wilson; American Legion; and state and national politics, 1918-1940. Correspondents include John J. Cornwell, John W. Davis, Sam T. Mallison, M.M. Neely, Jennings Randolph, and Howard Sutherland. The collection also includes papers, 1908-1940, of Herschel H. Rose, Smith's son-in-law, Fairmont attorney, Democrat politician, and circuit court judge. M.M. Neely is a correspondent. Financial records include account books, 1826-1893, of Thomas Barns, John S. Barns and Company, Barns, Fleming and Company (1857), James R. Fleming, woolen and flour milling, shoe manufacturing, and general merchandise operations in Marion County; account book of Mary Fleming Smith, 1888-1912; Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company, 1919-1949; Fairmont Broadcasting Company, 1932, 1947-1949; and Jackson Coal Company, 1917-1924; Fairmont Coal Company founding mortgage document, 1901 (box 2, folder 4)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_40930189a97d42a1cb8019af11f98966\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute","Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Legion","Associated Press","Association Against the Prohibition Amendment","Barns, Fleming and Company","Barns, John S. and Company","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Fairmont Broadcasting Company.","Fairmont Newspaper Publishing Company","Fleming Association","Jackson Coal Company","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Monongah Mines Relief Committee","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","National Miners' Union (U.S.)","United Mine Workers of America","United States - Railway Administration.","United States National Guard - West Virginia.","Virginia Military Institute"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Clarence Edwin, 1885-1959","Barns, James F.","Barns, John S.","Barns, Thomas.","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Chilton, William E. (William Edwin), 1858-1939","Conley, William G. (William Gustavus), 1866-1940","Cornwell, John J. (John Jacob), 1867-1953","Davis, John W. (John William), 1873-1955","Debs, Eugene V. (Eugene Victor), 1855-1926","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Fleming, James R.","Green, William.","Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986","Holt, Homer Adams, 1898-1975","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Johnson, Hugh S. (Hugh Samuel), 1882-1942","Johnson, Louis.","Kilgore, Harley Martin, 1893-1956","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mallison, Samuel T.","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","McGrath, J. Howard (James Howard), 1903-1966","Meadows, Clarence W.","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Patteson, Okey L.","Pierpont, Francis Harrison, 1814-1899","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Rose, Herschel H.","Smith, Alfred Emanuel, 1873-1944","Smith, Clarence Edwin Jr.","Smith, Clarence L.","Smith, Earl H.","Smith, Mary Fleming.","Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965","Sutherland, Howard, 1865-1950","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Watson, C. W.","Watson, James O.","Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900","Wilson, Woodrow, 1856-1924"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:01:00.702Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2652"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3687.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/208740","title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-2003","1918-1955"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1918-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687"],"text":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687","Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers","Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States","No special access restriction applies.","This collection is one of five (see also A\u0026M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026M 873 and A\u0026M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026M 1858. ","In an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.","Because of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate. ","For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.    ","Rush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.","The potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.","In 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.","By the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.","By 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.","Just as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.","Although Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.","After his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements. ","During the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.","Holt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.","Chronological List of Events:","June 19, 1905: born","1920: graduated from high school","1920-1922: attended West Virginia University","1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree ","1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia","1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers","1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes ","1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935 ","1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old","1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway","1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election","1941: married Helen Louise Froelich","1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.","1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful  ","1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt","1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.","1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful ","1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party ","1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes","1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won","February 8, 1955: death ","Sources:","Coffey, William Ellis.  Rush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator.  Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970. ","A\u0026M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.  ","1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386","Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","The collection is divided into six series as follows:","Series 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Series 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.","Series 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.","Series 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Series 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.    ","Series 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.   ","Ephemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.","17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creator_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creators_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"places_ssim":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifts of Holt, Helen F., 1956-2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["156.21 Linear Feet 156 ft. 2 1/2 in. (360 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 4 in.); (14 document cases, 2 1/2 in.); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (3 flat storage boxes, 2 1/2 in. each); (9 flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (\n44 photos in photograph filing cabinets)","11.7 Gigabytes 131 TIFF files, 2 PDF files"],"extent_tesim":["156.21 Linear Feet 156 ft. 2 1/2 in. (360 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 4 in.); (14 document cases, 2 1/2 in.); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (3 flat storage boxes, 2 1/2 in. each); (9 flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (\n44 photos in photograph filing cabinets)","11.7 Gigabytes 131 TIFF files, 2 PDF files"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp style=\"color: red;\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is one of five (see also A\u0026amp;M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026amp;M 873 and A\u0026amp;M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026amp;M 1858. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026amp;M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026amp;M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026amp;M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBecause of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center.    \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is one of five (see also A\u0026M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026M 873 and A\u0026M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026M 1858. ","In an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.","Because of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate. ","For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.    "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJust as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHolt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eChronological List of Events:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1905: born\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1920: graduated from high school\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1920-1922: attended West Virginia University\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1941: married Helen Louise Froelich\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 8, 1955: death \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSources:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCoffey, William Ellis. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator.\u003c/emph\u003e Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.","The potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.","In 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.","By the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.","By 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.","Just as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.","Although Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.","After his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements. ","During the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.","Holt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.","Chronological List of Events:","June 19, 1905: born","1920: graduated from high school","1920-1922: attended West Virginia University","1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree ","1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia","1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers","1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes ","1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935 ","1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old","1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway","1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election","1941: married Helen Louise Froelich","1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.","1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful  ","1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt","1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.","1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful ","1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party ","1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes","1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won","February 8, 1955: death ","Sources:","Coffey, William Ellis.  Rush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator.  Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970. ","A\u0026M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.  "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0873, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, A\u0026M 0873, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into six series as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.   \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","The collection is divided into six series as follows:","Series 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Series 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.","Series 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.","Series 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Series 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.    ","Series 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.   "],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEphemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026amp;M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Ephemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.","17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7f7aca18f594cb9e240c48f7fdefc04e\"\u003ePapers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c13cef4864374dc7a447894b02986413\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital"],"persname_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":938,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:15:13.029Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3687.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/208740","title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-2003","1918-1955"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1918-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687"],"text":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687","Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers","Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States","No special access restriction applies.","This collection is one of five (see also A\u0026M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026M 873 and A\u0026M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026M 1858. ","In an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.","Because of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate. ","For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.    ","Rush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.","The potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.","In 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.","By the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.","By 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.","Just as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.","Although Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.","After his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements. ","During the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.","Holt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.","Chronological List of Events:","June 19, 1905: born","1920: graduated from high school","1920-1922: attended West Virginia University","1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree ","1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia","1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers","1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes ","1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935 ","1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old","1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway","1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election","1941: married Helen Louise Froelich","1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.","1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful  ","1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt","1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.","1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful ","1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party ","1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes","1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won","February 8, 1955: death ","Sources:","Coffey, William Ellis.  Rush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator.  Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970. ","A\u0026M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.  ","1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386","Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","The collection is divided into six series as follows:","Series 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Series 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.","Series 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.","Series 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Series 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.    ","Series 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.   ","Ephemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.","17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creator_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creators_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"places_ssim":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifts of Holt, Helen F., 1956-2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["156.21 Linear Feet 156 ft. 2 1/2 in. (360 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 4 in.); (14 document cases, 2 1/2 in.); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (3 flat storage boxes, 2 1/2 in. each); (9 flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (\n44 photos in photograph filing cabinets)","11.7 Gigabytes 131 TIFF files, 2 PDF files"],"extent_tesim":["156.21 Linear Feet 156 ft. 2 1/2 in. (360 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 4 in.); (14 document cases, 2 1/2 in.); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (3 flat storage boxes, 2 1/2 in. each); (9 flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (\n44 photos in photograph filing cabinets)","11.7 Gigabytes 131 TIFF files, 2 PDF files"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp style=\"color: red;\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is one of five (see also A\u0026amp;M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026amp;M 873 and A\u0026amp;M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026amp;M 1858. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026amp;M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026amp;M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026amp;M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBecause of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center.    \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is one of five (see also A\u0026M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026M 873 and A\u0026M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026M 1858. ","In an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.","Because of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate. ","For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.    "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJust as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHolt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eChronological List of Events:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1905: born\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1920: graduated from high school\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1920-1922: attended West Virginia University\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1941: married Helen Louise Froelich\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 8, 1955: death \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSources:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCoffey, William Ellis. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator.\u003c/emph\u003e Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.","The potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.","In 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.","By the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.","By 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.","Just as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.","Although Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.","After his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements. ","During the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.","Holt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.","Chronological List of Events:","June 19, 1905: born","1920: graduated from high school","1920-1922: attended West Virginia University","1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree ","1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia","1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers","1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes ","1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935 ","1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old","1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway","1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election","1941: married Helen Louise Froelich","1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.","1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful  ","1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt","1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.","1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful ","1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party ","1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes","1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won","February 8, 1955: death ","Sources:","Coffey, William Ellis.  Rush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator.  Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970. ","A\u0026M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.  "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0873, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, A\u0026M 0873, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into six series as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.   \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","The collection is divided into six series as follows:","Series 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Series 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.","Series 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.","Series 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Series 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.    ","Series 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.   "],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEphemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026amp;M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Ephemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.","17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7f7aca18f594cb9e240c48f7fdefc04e\"\u003ePapers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c13cef4864374dc7a447894b02986413\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital"],"persname_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":938,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:15:13.029Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1092","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Seneca Glass Company Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1092#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Seneca Crystal","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1092#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCatalogs, reports, contracts, correspondence, blueprints, drawings, certificates, deeds, and photographs of Seneca Glass Company, a Morgantown glass manufacturer noted for its production of handmade lead crystal glassware. The materials of this collection give insight into some of the daily activities of the company and its union such as determination of wages, settling of labor grievances, plans for expansion and modernization, productivity statistics, and stock inventories. Specifically noteworthy are the earliest certificate of incorporation in West Virginia, original construction blueprints by Elmer F. Jacobs, and early catalogs of the company's product line. There are also extensive addenda of Seneca Glass records that were acquired in 2005, 2019, and 2021; a contents list for the 2005 addendum can be found in the control folder onsite. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1092#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1092","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1092","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1092","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1092","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1092.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195517","title_ssm":["Seneca Glass Company Records"],"title_tesim":["Seneca Glass Company Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840s-1985"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840s-1985"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2964","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1092"],"text":["A\u0026M 2964","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1092","Seneca Glass Company Records","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Glass industry.","Architects -- Morgantown (W.Va.)","Photography","Unions - AFGWU.","Unions.","No special access restriction applies.","In 1891, Seneca Glass Company opened in Fostoria, Ohio. In 1896, they moved to Morgantown, West Virginia, becoming the first of many glass factories to operate there. The company opened a second factory in nearby Star City in 1911. They added colored lead glass in the 1920s. The company began with quality, hand-blown lead glass and later specialized in high-end, elegant cut glass. In 1982, the company was sold and renamed Seneca Crystal Incorporated. They closed in 1983. The factory along the Monongahela River was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. As of 2026, it houses a shopping complex and small business offices. ","Derived from: Six, Dean. \" Seneca Glass Company .\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. 27 March 2026. Web. Accessed: 30 March 2026.  ","Catalogs, reports, contracts, correspondence, blueprints, drawings, certificates, deeds, and photographs of Seneca Glass Company, a Morgantown glass manufacturer noted for its production of handmade lead crystal glassware. The materials of this collection give insight into some of the daily activities of the company and its union such as determination of wages, settling of labor grievances, plans for expansion and modernization, productivity statistics, and stock inventories. Specifically noteworthy are the earliest certificate of incorporation in West Virginia, original construction blueprints by Elmer F. Jacobs, and early catalogs of the company's product line. There are also extensive addenda of Seneca Glass records that were acquired in 2005, 2019, and 2021; a contents list for the 2005 addendum can be found in the control folder onsite. ","Addendum 2005/04/22 includes ledgers, financial documents, blueprints, catalogs, papers, Seneca Center records, and other material. This addendum is minimally processed. ","Addendum of 2019/12/13 includes catalogs, product photos, Seneca Center records, and other material.  This addendum is minimally processed.  (1913-1990; 2 ft. 7 1/2 in.) ","1. catalogs (issue  no. 2 [undated] through issue no. 79 [undated]; some issues are missing in the print run of the catalogs; several issues include dates rather than issue numbers; price lists are typically included in the catalogues); ca. 1950s-1970s, undated ","2. product photos (document a wide range of Seneca glass products including stemmed and unstemmed glasses, bowls, and plates); undated ","3. \"The Shoppes at Seneca Center\" (includes reports, diagrams, blueprints and other material documenting the development of Seneca Center, in Morgantown, West Virginia, as a hub of local businesses following the closing of Seneca Glass Company in the early 1980s; among these are an initial tenant agreement by the building management company, blueprints for the factory and the renovated center, promotional material, and limited correspondence from 1985 with various department stores and retailers to attract businesses to the  newly developed shopping center); 1980s","4. agreement with Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad Company (one folder containing documents regarding an agreement between Seneca Glass and the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad Company with details of a lease for three parcels of land from the B\u0026O dated 1 June 1913; rent was $25 per annum); 1913 ","Addendum of 2021/09/01 comprises photographic materials, production documentation, and historical reference items related to the Seneca Glass Company. Materials include photographic prints and film negatives depicting examples of Seneca lead crystal glassware, glass sample drops, copper‑etched printing blocks illustrating glassware patterns and nineteenth‑century glass shop scenes. The addendum also contains one document issued by the United States Department of State authorizing the purchase of twenty sets of glassware for the United States Embassy in France. Additional items include newspaper articles concerning Seneca Glass Company, sample order forms dated 1976, articles pertaining to glass manufacturing, and developed photographs documenting the Seneca factory and its production processes. Framed photos in this addendum were likely from a contracted exhibit by Dolores Fleming, and feature photograph details such as location, date, and photographer name. ","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Seneca Crystal","American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 101","American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 541","American Flint Glass Workers' Union","Seneca Glass Company","Fleming, Dolores A., 1933-2015","Loar, Barton","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2964","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1092"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Seneca Glass Company Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Seneca Glass Company Records"],"collection_ssim":["Seneca Glass Company Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Morgantown (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Morgantown (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Seneca Crystal","Fleming, Dolores A., 1933-2015"],"creator_ssim":["Seneca Crystal","Fleming, Dolores A., 1933-2015"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fleming, Dolores A., 1933-2015"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Seneca Crystal"],"creators_ssim":["Fleming, Dolores A., 1933-2015","Seneca Crystal"],"places_ssim":["Morgantown (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift from Seneca Crystal, 1988 October 29.","Addendum of 2005/04/22: Gift from Hall, Jarrett R., 2005 June.","Addendum of 2019/12/13: Gift from Seneca Glass Company via Loar, Barton, 2019 December 13.","Addendum of 2021/09/10: unknown"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Glass industry.","Architects -- Morgantown (W.Va.)","Photography","Unions - AFGWU.","Unions."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Glass industry.","Architects -- Morgantown (W.Va.)","Photography","Unions - AFGWU.","Unions."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["31.63 Linear Feet 11 document cases, 5 in. each; 15 records cartons, 15 in. each; 5 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 1 1/2 in.; 2 rolled storage tubes, 6 in.; 16 ledgers, 6 ft. 5 in."],"extent_tesim":["31.63 Linear Feet 11 document cases, 5 in. each; 15 records cartons, 15 in. each; 5 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 1 1/2 in.; 2 rolled storage tubes, 6 in.; 16 ledgers, 6 ft. 5 in."],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1891, Seneca Glass Company opened in Fostoria, Ohio. In 1896, they moved to Morgantown, West Virginia, becoming the first of many glass factories to operate there. The company opened a second factory in nearby Star City in 1911. They added colored lead glass in the 1920s. The company began with quality, hand-blown lead glass and later specialized in high-end, elegant cut glass. In 1982, the company was sold and renamed Seneca Crystal Incorporated. They closed in 1983. The factory along the Monongahela River was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. As of 2026, it houses a shopping complex and small business offices. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDerived from: Six, Dean. \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/entries/2194\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSeneca Glass Company\u003c/a\u003e.\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. 27 March 2026. Web. Accessed: 30 March 2026.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1891, Seneca Glass Company opened in Fostoria, Ohio. In 1896, they moved to Morgantown, West Virginia, becoming the first of many glass factories to operate there. The company opened a second factory in nearby Star City in 1911. They added colored lead glass in the 1920s. The company began with quality, hand-blown lead glass and later specialized in high-end, elegant cut glass. In 1982, the company was sold and renamed Seneca Crystal Incorporated. They closed in 1983. The factory along the Monongahela River was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. As of 2026, it houses a shopping complex and small business offices. ","Derived from: Six, Dean. \" Seneca Glass Company .\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. 27 March 2026. Web. Accessed: 30 March 2026.  "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Seneca Glass Company Records, A\u0026amp;M 2964, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Seneca Glass Company Records, A\u0026M 2964, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCatalogs, reports, contracts, correspondence, blueprints, drawings, certificates, deeds, and photographs of Seneca Glass Company, a Morgantown glass manufacturer noted for its production of handmade lead crystal glassware. The materials of this collection give insight into some of the daily activities of the company and its union such as determination of wages, settling of labor grievances, plans for expansion and modernization, productivity statistics, and stock inventories. Specifically noteworthy are the earliest certificate of incorporation in West Virginia, original construction blueprints by Elmer F. Jacobs, and early catalogs of the company's product line. There are also extensive addenda of Seneca Glass records that were acquired in 2005, 2019, and 2021; a contents list for the 2005 addendum can be found in the control folder onsite. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAddendum 2005/04/22 includes ledgers, financial documents, blueprints, catalogs, papers, Seneca Center records, and other material. This addendum is minimally processed. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2019/12/13 includes catalogs, product photos, Seneca Center records, and other material.  This addendum is minimally processed.  (1913-1990; 2 ft. 7 1/2 in.) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. catalogs (issue  no. 2 [undated] through issue no. 79 [undated]; some issues are missing in the print run of the catalogs; several issues include dates rather than issue numbers; price lists are typically included in the catalogues); ca. 1950s-1970s, undated \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. product photos (document a wide range of Seneca glass products including stemmed and unstemmed glasses, bowls, and plates); undated \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. \"The Shoppes at Seneca Center\" (includes reports, diagrams, blueprints and other material documenting the development of Seneca Center, in Morgantown, West Virginia, as a hub of local businesses following the closing of Seneca Glass Company in the early 1980s; among these are an initial tenant agreement by the building management company, blueprints for the factory and the renovated center, promotional material, and limited correspondence from 1985 with various department stores and retailers to attract businesses to the  newly developed shopping center); 1980s\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. agreement with Baltimore \u0026amp; Ohio Railroad Company (one folder containing documents regarding an agreement between Seneca Glass and the Baltimore \u0026amp; Ohio Railroad Company with details of a lease for three parcels of land from the B\u0026amp;O dated 1 June 1913; rent was $25 per annum); 1913 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2021/09/01 comprises photographic materials, production documentation, and historical reference items related to the Seneca Glass Company. Materials include photographic prints and film negatives depicting examples of Seneca lead crystal glassware, glass sample drops, copper‑etched printing blocks illustrating glassware patterns and nineteenth‑century glass shop scenes. The addendum also contains one document issued by the United States Department of State authorizing the purchase of twenty sets of glassware for the United States Embassy in France. Additional items include newspaper articles concerning Seneca Glass Company, sample order forms dated 1976, articles pertaining to glass manufacturing, and developed photographs documenting the Seneca factory and its production processes. Framed photos in this addendum were likely from a contracted exhibit by Dolores Fleming, and feature photograph details such as location, date, and photographer name. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Catalogs, reports, contracts, correspondence, blueprints, drawings, certificates, deeds, and photographs of Seneca Glass Company, a Morgantown glass manufacturer noted for its production of handmade lead crystal glassware. The materials of this collection give insight into some of the daily activities of the company and its union such as determination of wages, settling of labor grievances, plans for expansion and modernization, productivity statistics, and stock inventories. Specifically noteworthy are the earliest certificate of incorporation in West Virginia, original construction blueprints by Elmer F. Jacobs, and early catalogs of the company's product line. There are also extensive addenda of Seneca Glass records that were acquired in 2005, 2019, and 2021; a contents list for the 2005 addendum can be found in the control folder onsite. ","Addendum 2005/04/22 includes ledgers, financial documents, blueprints, catalogs, papers, Seneca Center records, and other material. This addendum is minimally processed. ","Addendum of 2019/12/13 includes catalogs, product photos, Seneca Center records, and other material.  This addendum is minimally processed.  (1913-1990; 2 ft. 7 1/2 in.) ","1. catalogs (issue  no. 2 [undated] through issue no. 79 [undated]; some issues are missing in the print run of the catalogs; several issues include dates rather than issue numbers; price lists are typically included in the catalogues); ca. 1950s-1970s, undated ","2. product photos (document a wide range of Seneca glass products including stemmed and unstemmed glasses, bowls, and plates); undated ","3. \"The Shoppes at Seneca Center\" (includes reports, diagrams, blueprints and other material documenting the development of Seneca Center, in Morgantown, West Virginia, as a hub of local businesses following the closing of Seneca Glass Company in the early 1980s; among these are an initial tenant agreement by the building management company, blueprints for the factory and the renovated center, promotional material, and limited correspondence from 1985 with various department stores and retailers to attract businesses to the  newly developed shopping center); 1980s","4. agreement with Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad Company (one folder containing documents regarding an agreement between Seneca Glass and the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad Company with details of a lease for three parcels of land from the B\u0026O dated 1 June 1913; rent was $25 per annum); 1913 ","Addendum of 2021/09/01 comprises photographic materials, production documentation, and historical reference items related to the Seneca Glass Company. Materials include photographic prints and film negatives depicting examples of Seneca lead crystal glassware, glass sample drops, copper‑etched printing blocks illustrating glassware patterns and nineteenth‑century glass shop scenes. The addendum also contains one document issued by the United States Department of State authorizing the purchase of twenty sets of glassware for the United States Embassy in France. Additional items include newspaper articles concerning Seneca Glass Company, sample order forms dated 1976, articles pertaining to glass manufacturing, and developed photographs documenting the Seneca factory and its production processes. Framed photos in this addendum were likely from a contracted exhibit by Dolores Fleming, and feature photograph details such as location, date, and photographer name. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_2481ca15fefb2973f0a973c41ab28969\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 101","American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 541","American Flint Glass Workers' Union","Seneca Glass Company"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Seneca Crystal","American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 101","American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 541","American Flint Glass Workers' Union","Seneca Glass Company","Fleming, Dolores A., 1933-2015","Loar, Barton"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Seneca Crystal","American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 101","American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 541","American Flint Glass Workers' Union","Seneca Glass Company"],"persname_ssim":["Fleming, Dolores A., 1933-2015","Loar, Barton"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:20:19.740Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1092","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1092","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1092","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1092","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1092.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195517","title_ssm":["Seneca Glass Company Records"],"title_tesim":["Seneca Glass Company Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840s-1985"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840s-1985"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2964","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1092"],"text":["A\u0026M 2964","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1092","Seneca Glass Company Records","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Glass industry.","Architects -- Morgantown (W.Va.)","Photography","Unions - AFGWU.","Unions.","No special access restriction applies.","In 1891, Seneca Glass Company opened in Fostoria, Ohio. In 1896, they moved to Morgantown, West Virginia, becoming the first of many glass factories to operate there. The company opened a second factory in nearby Star City in 1911. They added colored lead glass in the 1920s. The company began with quality, hand-blown lead glass and later specialized in high-end, elegant cut glass. In 1982, the company was sold and renamed Seneca Crystal Incorporated. They closed in 1983. The factory along the Monongahela River was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. As of 2026, it houses a shopping complex and small business offices. ","Derived from: Six, Dean. \" Seneca Glass Company .\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. 27 March 2026. Web. Accessed: 30 March 2026.  ","Catalogs, reports, contracts, correspondence, blueprints, drawings, certificates, deeds, and photographs of Seneca Glass Company, a Morgantown glass manufacturer noted for its production of handmade lead crystal glassware. The materials of this collection give insight into some of the daily activities of the company and its union such as determination of wages, settling of labor grievances, plans for expansion and modernization, productivity statistics, and stock inventories. Specifically noteworthy are the earliest certificate of incorporation in West Virginia, original construction blueprints by Elmer F. Jacobs, and early catalogs of the company's product line. There are also extensive addenda of Seneca Glass records that were acquired in 2005, 2019, and 2021; a contents list for the 2005 addendum can be found in the control folder onsite. ","Addendum 2005/04/22 includes ledgers, financial documents, blueprints, catalogs, papers, Seneca Center records, and other material. This addendum is minimally processed. ","Addendum of 2019/12/13 includes catalogs, product photos, Seneca Center records, and other material.  This addendum is minimally processed.  (1913-1990; 2 ft. 7 1/2 in.) ","1. catalogs (issue  no. 2 [undated] through issue no. 79 [undated]; some issues are missing in the print run of the catalogs; several issues include dates rather than issue numbers; price lists are typically included in the catalogues); ca. 1950s-1970s, undated ","2. product photos (document a wide range of Seneca glass products including stemmed and unstemmed glasses, bowls, and plates); undated ","3. \"The Shoppes at Seneca Center\" (includes reports, diagrams, blueprints and other material documenting the development of Seneca Center, in Morgantown, West Virginia, as a hub of local businesses following the closing of Seneca Glass Company in the early 1980s; among these are an initial tenant agreement by the building management company, blueprints for the factory and the renovated center, promotional material, and limited correspondence from 1985 with various department stores and retailers to attract businesses to the  newly developed shopping center); 1980s","4. agreement with Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad Company (one folder containing documents regarding an agreement between Seneca Glass and the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad Company with details of a lease for three parcels of land from the B\u0026O dated 1 June 1913; rent was $25 per annum); 1913 ","Addendum of 2021/09/01 comprises photographic materials, production documentation, and historical reference items related to the Seneca Glass Company. Materials include photographic prints and film negatives depicting examples of Seneca lead crystal glassware, glass sample drops, copper‑etched printing blocks illustrating glassware patterns and nineteenth‑century glass shop scenes. The addendum also contains one document issued by the United States Department of State authorizing the purchase of twenty sets of glassware for the United States Embassy in France. Additional items include newspaper articles concerning Seneca Glass Company, sample order forms dated 1976, articles pertaining to glass manufacturing, and developed photographs documenting the Seneca factory and its production processes. Framed photos in this addendum were likely from a contracted exhibit by Dolores Fleming, and feature photograph details such as location, date, and photographer name. ","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Seneca Crystal","American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 101","American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 541","American Flint Glass Workers' Union","Seneca Glass Company","Fleming, Dolores A., 1933-2015","Loar, Barton","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2964","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1092"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Seneca Glass Company Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Seneca Glass Company Records"],"collection_ssim":["Seneca Glass Company Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Morgantown (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Morgantown (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Seneca Crystal","Fleming, Dolores A., 1933-2015"],"creator_ssim":["Seneca Crystal","Fleming, Dolores A., 1933-2015"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fleming, Dolores A., 1933-2015"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Seneca Crystal"],"creators_ssim":["Fleming, Dolores A., 1933-2015","Seneca Crystal"],"places_ssim":["Morgantown (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift from Seneca Crystal, 1988 October 29.","Addendum of 2005/04/22: Gift from Hall, Jarrett R., 2005 June.","Addendum of 2019/12/13: Gift from Seneca Glass Company via Loar, Barton, 2019 December 13.","Addendum of 2021/09/10: unknown"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Glass industry.","Architects -- Morgantown (W.Va.)","Photography","Unions - AFGWU.","Unions."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Glass industry.","Architects -- Morgantown (W.Va.)","Photography","Unions - AFGWU.","Unions."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["31.63 Linear Feet 11 document cases, 5 in. each; 15 records cartons, 15 in. each; 5 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 1 1/2 in.; 2 rolled storage tubes, 6 in.; 16 ledgers, 6 ft. 5 in."],"extent_tesim":["31.63 Linear Feet 11 document cases, 5 in. each; 15 records cartons, 15 in. each; 5 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 1 1/2 in.; 2 rolled storage tubes, 6 in.; 16 ledgers, 6 ft. 5 in."],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1891, Seneca Glass Company opened in Fostoria, Ohio. In 1896, they moved to Morgantown, West Virginia, becoming the first of many glass factories to operate there. The company opened a second factory in nearby Star City in 1911. They added colored lead glass in the 1920s. The company began with quality, hand-blown lead glass and later specialized in high-end, elegant cut glass. In 1982, the company was sold and renamed Seneca Crystal Incorporated. They closed in 1983. The factory along the Monongahela River was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. As of 2026, it houses a shopping complex and small business offices. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDerived from: Six, Dean. \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/entries/2194\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSeneca Glass Company\u003c/a\u003e.\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. 27 March 2026. Web. Accessed: 30 March 2026.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1891, Seneca Glass Company opened in Fostoria, Ohio. In 1896, they moved to Morgantown, West Virginia, becoming the first of many glass factories to operate there. The company opened a second factory in nearby Star City in 1911. They added colored lead glass in the 1920s. The company began with quality, hand-blown lead glass and later specialized in high-end, elegant cut glass. In 1982, the company was sold and renamed Seneca Crystal Incorporated. They closed in 1983. The factory along the Monongahela River was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. As of 2026, it houses a shopping complex and small business offices. ","Derived from: Six, Dean. \" Seneca Glass Company .\" e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. 27 March 2026. Web. Accessed: 30 March 2026.  "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Seneca Glass Company Records, A\u0026amp;M 2964, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Seneca Glass Company Records, A\u0026M 2964, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCatalogs, reports, contracts, correspondence, blueprints, drawings, certificates, deeds, and photographs of Seneca Glass Company, a Morgantown glass manufacturer noted for its production of handmade lead crystal glassware. The materials of this collection give insight into some of the daily activities of the company and its union such as determination of wages, settling of labor grievances, plans for expansion and modernization, productivity statistics, and stock inventories. Specifically noteworthy are the earliest certificate of incorporation in West Virginia, original construction blueprints by Elmer F. Jacobs, and early catalogs of the company's product line. There are also extensive addenda of Seneca Glass records that were acquired in 2005, 2019, and 2021; a contents list for the 2005 addendum can be found in the control folder onsite. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAddendum 2005/04/22 includes ledgers, financial documents, blueprints, catalogs, papers, Seneca Center records, and other material. This addendum is minimally processed. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2019/12/13 includes catalogs, product photos, Seneca Center records, and other material.  This addendum is minimally processed.  (1913-1990; 2 ft. 7 1/2 in.) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. catalogs (issue  no. 2 [undated] through issue no. 79 [undated]; some issues are missing in the print run of the catalogs; several issues include dates rather than issue numbers; price lists are typically included in the catalogues); ca. 1950s-1970s, undated \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. product photos (document a wide range of Seneca glass products including stemmed and unstemmed glasses, bowls, and plates); undated \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3. \"The Shoppes at Seneca Center\" (includes reports, diagrams, blueprints and other material documenting the development of Seneca Center, in Morgantown, West Virginia, as a hub of local businesses following the closing of Seneca Glass Company in the early 1980s; among these are an initial tenant agreement by the building management company, blueprints for the factory and the renovated center, promotional material, and limited correspondence from 1985 with various department stores and retailers to attract businesses to the  newly developed shopping center); 1980s\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e4. agreement with Baltimore \u0026amp; Ohio Railroad Company (one folder containing documents regarding an agreement between Seneca Glass and the Baltimore \u0026amp; Ohio Railroad Company with details of a lease for three parcels of land from the B\u0026amp;O dated 1 June 1913; rent was $25 per annum); 1913 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAddendum of 2021/09/01 comprises photographic materials, production documentation, and historical reference items related to the Seneca Glass Company. Materials include photographic prints and film negatives depicting examples of Seneca lead crystal glassware, glass sample drops, copper‑etched printing blocks illustrating glassware patterns and nineteenth‑century glass shop scenes. The addendum also contains one document issued by the United States Department of State authorizing the purchase of twenty sets of glassware for the United States Embassy in France. Additional items include newspaper articles concerning Seneca Glass Company, sample order forms dated 1976, articles pertaining to glass manufacturing, and developed photographs documenting the Seneca factory and its production processes. Framed photos in this addendum were likely from a contracted exhibit by Dolores Fleming, and feature photograph details such as location, date, and photographer name. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Catalogs, reports, contracts, correspondence, blueprints, drawings, certificates, deeds, and photographs of Seneca Glass Company, a Morgantown glass manufacturer noted for its production of handmade lead crystal glassware. The materials of this collection give insight into some of the daily activities of the company and its union such as determination of wages, settling of labor grievances, plans for expansion and modernization, productivity statistics, and stock inventories. Specifically noteworthy are the earliest certificate of incorporation in West Virginia, original construction blueprints by Elmer F. Jacobs, and early catalogs of the company's product line. There are also extensive addenda of Seneca Glass records that were acquired in 2005, 2019, and 2021; a contents list for the 2005 addendum can be found in the control folder onsite. ","Addendum 2005/04/22 includes ledgers, financial documents, blueprints, catalogs, papers, Seneca Center records, and other material. This addendum is minimally processed. ","Addendum of 2019/12/13 includes catalogs, product photos, Seneca Center records, and other material.  This addendum is minimally processed.  (1913-1990; 2 ft. 7 1/2 in.) ","1. catalogs (issue  no. 2 [undated] through issue no. 79 [undated]; some issues are missing in the print run of the catalogs; several issues include dates rather than issue numbers; price lists are typically included in the catalogues); ca. 1950s-1970s, undated ","2. product photos (document a wide range of Seneca glass products including stemmed and unstemmed glasses, bowls, and plates); undated ","3. \"The Shoppes at Seneca Center\" (includes reports, diagrams, blueprints and other material documenting the development of Seneca Center, in Morgantown, West Virginia, as a hub of local businesses following the closing of Seneca Glass Company in the early 1980s; among these are an initial tenant agreement by the building management company, blueprints for the factory and the renovated center, promotional material, and limited correspondence from 1985 with various department stores and retailers to attract businesses to the  newly developed shopping center); 1980s","4. agreement with Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad Company (one folder containing documents regarding an agreement between Seneca Glass and the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad Company with details of a lease for three parcels of land from the B\u0026O dated 1 June 1913; rent was $25 per annum); 1913 ","Addendum of 2021/09/01 comprises photographic materials, production documentation, and historical reference items related to the Seneca Glass Company. Materials include photographic prints and film negatives depicting examples of Seneca lead crystal glassware, glass sample drops, copper‑etched printing blocks illustrating glassware patterns and nineteenth‑century glass shop scenes. The addendum also contains one document issued by the United States Department of State authorizing the purchase of twenty sets of glassware for the United States Embassy in France. Additional items include newspaper articles concerning Seneca Glass Company, sample order forms dated 1976, articles pertaining to glass manufacturing, and developed photographs documenting the Seneca factory and its production processes. Framed photos in this addendum were likely from a contracted exhibit by Dolores Fleming, and feature photograph details such as location, date, and photographer name. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_2481ca15fefb2973f0a973c41ab28969\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 101","American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 541","American Flint Glass Workers' Union","Seneca Glass Company"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Seneca Crystal","American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 101","American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 541","American Flint Glass Workers' Union","Seneca Glass Company","Fleming, Dolores A., 1933-2015","Loar, Barton"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Seneca Crystal","American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 101","American Flint Glass Workers' Union. Local 541","American Flint Glass Workers' Union","Seneca Glass Company"],"persname_ssim":["Fleming, Dolores A., 1933-2015","Loar, Barton"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:20:19.740Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1092"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5450","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Smokeless Coal Operators Association Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5450#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Smokeless Coal Operators Association","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5450#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eProduction statistics and extracts from the historical files of the Smokeless Operators Association (until 1958 the Pocahontas Operators Association) showing the history of coal mining in the Pocahontas field and production, sales, and distribution statistics for the years 1930 and 1933-1961. There are weekly, monthly, and yearly reports on net tons produced, hours, worked, and tonnage lost because of labor problems, mine disability, or lack of market. There are lists of the coal companies operating in the Pocahontas district during these years. Some files include reports on net production by grade. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5450#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5450","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5450","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5450","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5450","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5450.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198688","title_ssm":["Smokeless Coal Operators Association Records"],"title_tesim":["Smokeless Coal Operators Association Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1800 (1952-1961)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1800 (1952-1961)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1830","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5450"],"text":["A\u0026M 1830","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5450","Smokeless Coal Operators Association Records","Pocahontas County (W. Va.)","Bluefield (W. Va.)","Snowville, V.A. ","Norfolk, V.A.","Landgraff, W.Va.","Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining.","Unions.","Pocahontas (Va.)","No special access restriction applies.","1564, 1830","Production statistics and extracts from the historical files of the Smokeless Operators Association (until 1958 the Pocahontas Operators Association) showing the history of coal mining in the Pocahontas field and production, sales, and distribution statistics for the years 1930 and 1933-1961. There are weekly, monthly, and yearly reports on net tons produced, hours, worked, and tonnage lost because of labor problems, mine disability, or lack of market. There are lists of the coal companies operating in the Pocahontas district during these years. Some files include reports on net production by grade. ","The historical files cover the early history of Pocahontas, Va., the Pocahontas Coal Company, the Lynchburg Coal \u0026 Coke Company, the membership and activities of the Pocahontas Operators Association, the Southern Coal Producer's Association (1953, 1957), the Turkey Gap Coal \u0026 Coke Company, The Ennis Coal Company, Aileen Coal Company, Buckeye Coal \u0026 Coke Company, Norfolk and Western Railway Company, and the Pocahontas Fuel Company. There is a brief history of the coal industry in West Virginia, 1800-1951, a contract between coal producers and the railroads, 1886, 1895, a copy of a miner's pay statement, United Mine Workers contracts and working agreements (1919, 1924) and a schedule of the rate of pay in the Pocahontas district, June 1, 1931.","Individuals referred to include W.A. Bishop, C.P. Blair, Mrs. Gordon L. Cox, W.E.E. Koepler, John J. Lincoln, Roland C. Luther, William D. Ord W. L. Osborne, Princess Pocahontas, W.C. Stephenson. ","Places include Bluefield, Pocahontas, Va., Snowville, Va., Norfolk, Va., Landgraff, W. Va., Welck, and various coal towns in the region. ","Two maps separated to the map collection:","1. Muskingham, Scioto, and Big Beaver Rivers, 1787; Facsimile of map in Crevecoeur's \"Letters d'un Culivateur Americain\" (Paris 1787) consisting of sketch- maps, based on information given by White Eyes and White Mingo, Indian Chiefs.","2. Pocahontas Coal Field and Adjacent Territory... Norfolk and Western Railway Company, 1902","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Aileen Coal Company","Buckeye Coal and Coke Company","Ennis Coal Company","Lynchburg Coal and Coke Company","Pocahontas Coal Company","Pocahontas Fuel Company","Pocahontas Operators Association","Southern Coal Producers Association","Turkey Gap Coal and Coke Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","United Mine Workers of America","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1830","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5450"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Smokeless Coal Operators Association Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Smokeless Coal Operators Association Records"],"collection_ssim":["Smokeless Coal Operators Association Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Pocahontas County (W. Va.)","Bluefield (W. Va.)","Snowville, V.A. ","Norfolk, V.A.","Landgraff, W.Va."],"geogname_ssim":["Pocahontas County (W. Va.)","Bluefield (W. Va.)","Snowville, V.A. ","Norfolk, V.A.","Landgraff, W.Va."],"creator_ssm":["Smokeless Coal Operators Association"],"creator_ssim":["Smokeless Coal Operators Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Smokeless Coal Operators Association"],"creators_ssim":["Smokeless Coal Operators Association"],"places_ssim":["Pocahontas County (W. Va.)","Bluefield (W. Va.)","Snowville, V.A. ","Norfolk, V.A.","Landgraff, W.Va."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining.","Unions.","Pocahontas (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining.","Unions.","Pocahontas (Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.71 Linear Feet Summary: 8 1/2 in. (1 folder, 1 1/2 in.); (4 reels of microfilm, 1.75 in. each)"],"extent_tesim":["0.71 Linear Feet Summary: 8 1/2 in. 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There are weekly, monthly, and yearly reports on net tons produced, hours, worked, and tonnage lost because of labor problems, mine disability, or lack of market. There are lists of the coal companies operating in the Pocahontas district during these years. Some files include reports on net production by grade. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe historical files cover the early history of Pocahontas, Va., the Pocahontas Coal Company, the Lynchburg Coal \u0026amp; Coke Company, the membership and activities of the Pocahontas Operators Association, the Southern Coal Producer's Association (1953, 1957), the Turkey Gap Coal \u0026amp; Coke Company, The Ennis Coal Company, Aileen Coal Company, Buckeye Coal \u0026amp; Coke Company, Norfolk and Western Railway Company, and the Pocahontas Fuel Company. 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","Norfolk, V.A.","Landgraff, W.Va."],"creator_ssm":["Smokeless Coal Operators Association"],"creator_ssim":["Smokeless Coal Operators Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Smokeless Coal Operators Association"],"creators_ssim":["Smokeless Coal Operators Association"],"places_ssim":["Pocahontas County (W. Va.)","Bluefield (W. Va.)","Snowville, V.A. ","Norfolk, V.A.","Landgraff, W.Va."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining.","Unions.","Pocahontas (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal mining - coal companies.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining.","Unions.","Pocahontas (Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.71 Linear Feet Summary: 8 1/2 in. 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Carney; Isaac and William Collins, Susanna Cook; Joseph Cunningham; Thomas Dison; Fairmont and Palatine Bridge Co.; Peter Flinn; Thomas Fowler; Abraham \u0026 Jacob S. Hayden; W. C. Haymond; Jeremiah Highfield; Martin Hurley; Basil Patterson; George W. Paris; Joseph and Charles Peach; Benjamin Reader; Margaret Reeves; Richard Smith; Thomas G. Steele; James Eliazor; and Azariah, Zachariah, Elizabeth, Sarah, James, Ann, Dent, Thomas, Henry, and Louisa Watson.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Fairmont and Palatine Bridge Company","Watson family","Haymond, Creed, 1836-1893","Haymond, W.C.","Hughes, John, 1797-1864","Watson, Benjamin H.","Watson, Henry.","Watson, Thomas.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1949","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5668"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Watson Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Watson Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Watson Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Barbour County (W. 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Va.)","South Carolina","Wheeling (W. Va.)","California -- Gold discoveries"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Agriculture  ","Barrackville Covered Bridge.","Beverly-Fairmont Turnpike.","Covered bridges","Church buildings","Coal mining.","Education","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Frontier and pioneer life","Politics and government.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Slaves and slavery.","Travel accounts.","Turnpikes. SEE ALSO Roads.","Union names.","Unions."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Agriculture  ","Barrackville Covered Bridge.","Beverly-Fairmont Turnpike.","Covered bridges","Church buildings","Coal mining.","Education","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Frontier and pioneer life","Politics and government.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Slaves and slavery.","Travel accounts.","Turnpikes. SEE ALSO Roads.","Union names.","Unions."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Linear Feet Summary: 1/2 in. (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Linear Feet Summary: 1/2 in. 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Carney; Isaac and William Collins, Susanna Cook; Joseph Cunningham; Thomas Dison; Fairmont and Palatine Bridge Co.; Peter Flinn; Thomas Fowler; Abraham \u0026amp; Jacob S. Hayden; W. C. Haymond; Jeremiah Highfield; Martin Hurley; Basil Patterson; George W. Paris; Joseph and Charles Peach; Benjamin Reader; Margaret Reeves; Richard Smith; Thomas G. Steele; James Eliazor; and Azariah, Zachariah, Elizabeth, Sarah, James, Ann, Dent, Thomas, Henry, and Louisa Watson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes manuscript materials (correspondence, land warrant, accounts, receipts, petition and will) and printed and typescript materials (invitations, broadside, newspaper and magazine clippings). 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Carney; Isaac and William Collins, Susanna Cook; Joseph Cunningham; Thomas Dison; Fairmont and Palatine Bridge Co.; Peter Flinn; Thomas Fowler; Abraham \u0026 Jacob S. Hayden; W. C. Haymond; Jeremiah Highfield; Martin Hurley; Basil Patterson; George W. Paris; Joseph and Charles Peach; Benjamin Reader; Margaret Reeves; Richard Smith; Thomas G. Steele; James Eliazor; and Azariah, Zachariah, Elizabeth, Sarah, James, Ann, Dent, Thomas, Henry, and Louisa Watson."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_beca4b91db0269f8323bd662af42403c\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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Subjects of the various items include sale and survey of land; schools, churches, estates, comment on and description of agriculture, social and economic conditions in Kentucky, Georgia, Louisiana, South Carolina, Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, California, Morgantown, Fairmont, and Wheeling, WV, and Ireland; westward migration [1849]; gold mining, enslaved Africans; and business and family affairs.","Correspondents include C.J. Cox, James and Louisa Creegan; Bridget Flinn; Creed Haymond; Archbishop John Hughes; James D. Lamb; Harrison Low; William Macdonnell; Asa Squires; W.O. Tarleton; Zephaniah, Mary L., Sophia, Mary G., Delia, \u0026 Benjamin H. Watson; and A. M. Wheeler. Persons receiving correspondence, mentioned, or commented on, and persons or organizations, parties to various business or legal papers include Abraham and Muriel Brookbank; Orestus A. Brownsun; Matthew Campbell; Cornelius B. Carney; Isaac and William Collins, Susanna Cook; Joseph Cunningham; Thomas Dison; Fairmont and Palatine Bridge Co.; Peter Flinn; Thomas Fowler; Abraham \u0026 Jacob S. Hayden; W. C. Haymond; Jeremiah Highfield; Martin Hurley; Basil Patterson; George W. Paris; Joseph and Charles Peach; Benjamin Reader; Margaret Reeves; Richard Smith; Thomas G. Steele; James Eliazor; and Azariah, Zachariah, Elizabeth, Sarah, James, Ann, Dent, Thomas, Henry, and Louisa Watson.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Fairmont and Palatine Bridge Company","Watson family","Haymond, Creed, 1836-1893","Haymond, W.C.","Hughes, John, 1797-1864","Watson, Benjamin H.","Watson, Henry.","Watson, Thomas.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1949","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5668"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Watson Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Watson Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Watson Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Barbour County (W. 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Va.)","South Carolina","Wheeling (W. Va.)","California -- Gold discoveries"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Agriculture  ","Barrackville Covered Bridge.","Beverly-Fairmont Turnpike.","Covered bridges","Church buildings","Coal mining.","Education","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Frontier and pioneer life","Politics and government.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Slaves and slavery.","Travel accounts.","Turnpikes. SEE ALSO Roads.","Union names.","Unions."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Agriculture  ","Barrackville Covered Bridge.","Beverly-Fairmont Turnpike.","Covered bridges","Church buildings","Coal mining.","Education","Labor organization. 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Carney; Isaac and William Collins, Susanna Cook; Joseph Cunningham; Thomas Dison; Fairmont and Palatine Bridge Co.; Peter Flinn; Thomas Fowler; Abraham \u0026amp; Jacob S. Hayden; W. C. Haymond; Jeremiah Highfield; Martin Hurley; Basil Patterson; George W. Paris; Joseph and Charles Peach; Benjamin Reader; Margaret Reeves; Richard Smith; Thomas G. Steele; James Eliazor; and Azariah, Zachariah, Elizabeth, Sarah, James, Ann, Dent, Thomas, Henry, and Louisa Watson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes manuscript materials (correspondence, land warrant, accounts, receipts, petition and will) and printed and typescript materials (invitations, broadside, newspaper and magazine clippings). Subjects of the various items include sale and survey of land; schools, churches, estates, comment on and description of agriculture, social and economic conditions in Kentucky, Georgia, Louisiana, South Carolina, Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, California, Morgantown, Fairmont, and Wheeling, WV, and Ireland; westward migration [1849]; gold mining, enslaved Africans; and business and family affairs.","Correspondents include C.J. Cox, James and Louisa Creegan; Bridget Flinn; Creed Haymond; Archbishop John Hughes; James D. Lamb; Harrison Low; William Macdonnell; Asa Squires; W.O. Tarleton; Zephaniah, Mary L., Sophia, Mary G., Delia, \u0026 Benjamin H. Watson; and A. M. Wheeler. Persons receiving correspondence, mentioned, or commented on, and persons or organizations, parties to various business or legal papers include Abraham and Muriel Brookbank; Orestus A. Brownsun; Matthew Campbell; Cornelius B. Carney; Isaac and William Collins, Susanna Cook; Joseph Cunningham; Thomas Dison; Fairmont and Palatine Bridge Co.; Peter Flinn; Thomas Fowler; Abraham \u0026 Jacob S. Hayden; W. C. Haymond; Jeremiah Highfield; Martin Hurley; Basil Patterson; George W. Paris; Joseph and Charles Peach; Benjamin Reader; Margaret Reeves; Richard Smith; Thomas G. Steele; James Eliazor; and Azariah, Zachariah, Elizabeth, Sarah, James, Ann, Dent, Thomas, Henry, and Louisa Watson."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_beca4b91db0269f8323bd662af42403c\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["Fairmont and Palatine Bridge Company","Watson family","Haymond, Creed, 1836-1893","Haymond, W.C.","Hughes, John, 1797-1864","Watson, Benjamin H.","Watson, Henry.","Watson, Thomas."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Fairmont and Palatine Bridge Company","Watson family","Haymond, Creed, 1836-1893","Haymond, W.C.","Hughes, John, 1797-1864","Watson, Benjamin H.","Watson, Henry.","Watson, Thomas."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Fairmont and Palatine Bridge Company"],"famname_ssim":["Watson family"],"persname_ssim":["Haymond, Creed, 1836-1893","Haymond, W.C.","Hughes, John, 1797-1864","Watson, Benjamin H.","Watson, Henry.","Watson, Thomas."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":54,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:09:05.466Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5668"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4728","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4728#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Woodbridge Mercantile Company","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4728#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Letter and account books, clipping scrapbooks, and miscellaneous family papers of a pioneer, Ohio Valley, general merchandise firm founded by Dudley Woodbridge, Sr., at Marietta, Ohio, and operating under various names for a period of more than sixty years. The collection also includes the account books of Daniel, Richard, and John Greene, 1808-1844; account books of F.B. Loomis, 1842-1844; a medicinal formulary book; the estate records of John Brody; records of a pension and bounty land claims agency operated by George M. Woodbridge, 1861-1864; and justice of the peace accounts, 1832-1863. Subjects include the development of river markets, transportation, and the livestock industry in the early Ohio Valley; fur trade and commerce with England and Europe; the Marietta and Susquehanna Trading Company; Kanawha and Sciota salt works; Ohio Company lands; Woodbridge-Harman Blennerhassett partnership; ginseng trade; Wheeling Cotton Manufacturing Company; ropewalk and shipbuilding in Marietta; military land warrants; estate of George Morgan; career of William Woodbridge, United States senator and governor of Michigan; pioneer education; Meadville Seminary; Ohio University; Miami University; Marietta Collegiate Institute; Belpre, Ohio; American Catholic missions; early history of Marietta; the American Colonization Society; Washington County Colonization Society; churches; Washington County Tract Society; recruiting in Marietta during the Civil War; impact of the War of 1812 on westward migration and labor; and Woodbridge family affairs. Letters are addressed to merchants in London, France, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Charleston (West Virginia), Lexington and Louisville (Kentucky), Cincinnati, St. Louis, New Orleans, Washington, Detroit, and Baltimore. Correspondents include Lewis Cass, Philip Doddridge, and Benjamin Reeder.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4728#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4728","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4728","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4728","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4728","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_4728.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198319","title_ssm":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records"],"title_tesim":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1743-1882"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1743-1882"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1455","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4728"],"text":["A\u0026M 1455","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4728","Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records","Baltimore (Md.)","Charleston.","Cincinnati (Ohio)","Detroit (Mich.)","England","Europe","France","Kanawha.","Lexington (Ky.)","London (England)","Louisville (Ky.)","Marietta (Ohio)","Michigan","New Orleans (La.)","New York (State)","Ohio River Valley","Philadelphia (Pa.)","Pittsburgh (Pa.)","Saint Louis (Mo.)","Scioto River (Ohio)","Washington (D.C.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- War of 1812","American ginseng","Account books","Livestock","Churches  -- Roman Catholic, American missions","Churches  -- Roman Catholic","Church buildings","Drugs and druggists.","Education","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","Fur trade","General stores","Justices of the peace","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Missionaries","Frontier and pioneer life","Politics and government.","Rivers and river valleys.","Salt industry and trade","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Slaves and slavery.","Transportation","Unions.","Universities and colleges","No special access restriction applies.","These are the records of the Woodbridge Mercantile Company and related businesses operated in Marietta, Ohio from the years 1743 to 1882. Woodbridge began the business, which included trade up and down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh and Philadelphia to Kentucky and points in between. George M. Woodbridge's business dealt in real estate, and so indicates the growth of the area west of Marietta. The growth of river trade and the types of goods traded are described extensively in the collection. Other topics include aspects of life in the early nineteenth century Ohio River Valley, real estate, and other business concerns. Prominent names in the collection include D. Woodbridge, George M. Woodbridge, and Harmon Blennerhasset.","Subjects found in collection:","Ships and shipbuilding – Volumes 1, 6, 8, 14, 31, 37, 53, 132","Transportation of goods, overland and by river (Ohio and Muskingum) – Volumes 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 123, 124","Harmon Blennerhasset and Blennerhasset Island – Volumes 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25","Land values and transaction of land – Volumes 56, 79, 81, 89, 131","Bank of Marietta – Volumes 2, 6, 9, 98","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Letter and account books, clipping scrapbooks, and miscellaneous family papers of a pioneer, Ohio Valley, general merchandise firm founded by Dudley Woodbridge, Sr., at Marietta, Ohio, and operating under various names for a period of more than sixty years. The collection also includes the account books of Daniel, Richard, and John Greene, 1808-1844; account books of F.B. Loomis, 1842-1844; a medicinal formulary book; the estate records of John Brody; records of a pension and bounty land claims agency operated by George M. Woodbridge, 1861-1864; and justice of the peace accounts, 1832-1863. Subjects include the development of river markets, transportation, and the livestock industry in the early Ohio Valley; fur trade and commerce with England and Europe; the Marietta and Susquehanna Trading Company; Kanawha and Sciota salt works; Ohio Company lands; Woodbridge-Harman Blennerhassett partnership; ginseng trade; Wheeling Cotton Manufacturing Company; ropewalk and shipbuilding in Marietta; military land warrants; estate of George Morgan; career of William Woodbridge, United States senator and governor of Michigan; pioneer education; Meadville Seminary; Ohio University; Miami University; Marietta Collegiate Institute; Belpre, Ohio; American Catholic missions; early history of Marietta; the American Colonization Society; Washington County Colonization Society; churches; Washington County Tract Society; recruiting in Marietta during the Civil War; impact of the War of 1812 on westward migration and labor; and Woodbridge family affairs. Letters are addressed to merchants in London, France, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Charleston (West Virginia), Lexington and Louisville (Kentucky), Cincinnati, St. Louis, New Orleans, Washington, Detroit, and Baltimore. Correspondents include Lewis Cass, Philip Doddridge, and Benjamin Reeder.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Woodbridge Mercantile Company","American Colonization Society","Marietta and Susquehanna Trading Company","Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western Teachers' Seminary","Meadville Seminary","Miami University (Oxford, Ohio)","Ohio Company.","Ohio University","United States. Congress. Senate","Washington County Colonization Society","Washington County Tract Society","Wheeling Cotton Manufacturing Company","Woodbridge-Blennerhassett.","Brody, John.","Cass, Lewis.","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Greene, Daniel.","Greene, John.","Greene, Richard.","Loomis, F.B.","Morgan, George","Reeder, Benjamin.","Woodbridge, Dudley, Sr.","Woodbridge, George M.","Woodbridge, William.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1455","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4728"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records"],"collection_ssim":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Baltimore (Md.)","Charleston.","Cincinnati (Ohio)","Detroit (Mich.)","England","Europe","France","Kanawha.","Lexington (Ky.)","London (England)","Louisville (Ky.)","Marietta (Ohio)","Michigan","New Orleans (La.)","New York (State)","Ohio River Valley","Philadelphia (Pa.)","Pittsburgh (Pa.)","Saint Louis (Mo.)","Scioto River (Ohio)","Washington (D.C.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- War of 1812"],"geogname_ssim":["Baltimore (Md.)","Charleston.","Cincinnati (Ohio)","Detroit (Mich.)","England","Europe","France","Kanawha.","Lexington (Ky.)","London (England)","Louisville (Ky.)","Marietta (Ohio)","Michigan","New Orleans (La.)","New York (State)","Ohio River Valley","Philadelphia (Pa.)","Pittsburgh (Pa.)","Saint Louis (Mo.)","Scioto River (Ohio)","Washington (D.C.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- War of 1812"],"creator_ssm":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company"],"creator_ssim":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company"],"creators_ssim":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company"],"places_ssim":["Baltimore (Md.)","Charleston.","Cincinnati (Ohio)","Detroit (Mich.)","England","Europe","France","Kanawha.","Lexington (Ky.)","London (England)","Louisville (Ky.)","Marietta (Ohio)","Michigan","New Orleans (La.)","New York (State)","Ohio River Valley","Philadelphia (Pa.)","Pittsburgh (Pa.)","Saint Louis (Mo.)","Scioto River (Ohio)","Washington (D.C.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- War of 1812"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["American ginseng","Account books","Livestock","Churches  -- Roman Catholic, American missions","Churches  -- Roman Catholic","Church buildings","Drugs and druggists.","Education","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","Fur trade","General stores","Justices of the peace","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Missionaries","Frontier and pioneer life","Politics and government.","Rivers and river valleys.","Salt industry and trade","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Slaves and slavery.","Transportation","Unions.","Universities and colleges"],"access_subjects_ssm":["American ginseng","Account books","Livestock","Churches  -- Roman Catholic, American missions","Churches  -- Roman Catholic","Church buildings","Drugs and druggists.","Education","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","Fur trade","General stores","Justices of the peace","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Missionaries","Frontier and pioneer life","Politics and government.","Rivers and river valleys.","Salt industry and trade","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Slaves and slavery.","Transportation","Unions.","Universities and colleges"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11.10 Linear Feet Summary: 11 ft. 1 1/4 in. (21 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (4 small flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["11.10 Linear Feet Summary: 11 ft. 1 1/4 in. (21 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (4 small flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records, A\u0026amp;M 1455, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records, A\u0026M 1455, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese are the records of the Woodbridge Mercantile Company and related businesses operated in Marietta, Ohio from the years 1743 to 1882. Woodbridge began the business, which included trade up and down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh and Philadelphia to Kentucky and points in between. George M. Woodbridge's business dealt in real estate, and so indicates the growth of the area west of Marietta. The growth of river trade and the types of goods traded are described extensively in the collection. Other topics include aspects of life in the early nineteenth century Ohio River Valley, real estate, and other business concerns. Prominent names in the collection include D. Woodbridge, George M. Woodbridge, and Harmon Blennerhasset.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubjects found in collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShips and shipbuilding – Volumes 1, 6, 8, 14, 31, 37, 53, 132\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTransportation of goods, overland and by river (Ohio and Muskingum) – Volumes 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 123, 124\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarmon Blennerhasset and Blennerhasset Island – Volumes 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLand values and transaction of land – Volumes 56, 79, 81, 89, 131\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBank of Marietta – Volumes 2, 6, 9, 98\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These are the records of the Woodbridge Mercantile Company and related businesses operated in Marietta, Ohio from the years 1743 to 1882. Woodbridge began the business, which included trade up and down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh and Philadelphia to Kentucky and points in between. George M. Woodbridge's business dealt in real estate, and so indicates the growth of the area west of Marietta. The growth of river trade and the types of goods traded are described extensively in the collection. Other topics include aspects of life in the early nineteenth century Ohio River Valley, real estate, and other business concerns. Prominent names in the collection include D. Woodbridge, George M. Woodbridge, and Harmon Blennerhasset.","Subjects found in collection:","Ships and shipbuilding – Volumes 1, 6, 8, 14, 31, 37, 53, 132","Transportation of goods, overland and by river (Ohio and Muskingum) – Volumes 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 123, 124","Harmon Blennerhasset and Blennerhasset Island – Volumes 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25","Land values and transaction of land – Volumes 56, 79, 81, 89, 131","Bank of Marietta – Volumes 2, 6, 9, 98"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbebcc5ffb758c18356de41c3aa65840\"\u003eLetter and account books, clipping scrapbooks, and miscellaneous family papers of a pioneer, Ohio Valley, general merchandise firm founded by Dudley Woodbridge, Sr., at Marietta, Ohio, and operating under various names for a period of more than sixty years. The collection also includes the account books of Daniel, Richard, and John Greene, 1808-1844; account books of F.B. Loomis, 1842-1844; a medicinal formulary book; the estate records of John Brody; records of a pension and bounty land claims agency operated by George M. Woodbridge, 1861-1864; and justice of the peace accounts, 1832-1863. Subjects include the development of river markets, transportation, and the livestock industry in the early Ohio Valley; fur trade and commerce with England and Europe; the Marietta and Susquehanna Trading Company; Kanawha and Sciota salt works; Ohio Company lands; Woodbridge-Harman Blennerhassett partnership; ginseng trade; Wheeling Cotton Manufacturing Company; ropewalk and shipbuilding in Marietta; military land warrants; estate of George Morgan; career of William Woodbridge, United States senator and governor of Michigan; pioneer education; Meadville Seminary; Ohio University; Miami University; Marietta Collegiate Institute; Belpre, Ohio; American Catholic missions; early history of Marietta; the American Colonization Society; Washington County Colonization Society; churches; Washington County Tract Society; recruiting in Marietta during the Civil War; impact of the War of 1812 on westward migration and labor; and Woodbridge family affairs. Letters are addressed to merchants in London, France, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Charleston (West Virginia), Lexington and Louisville (Kentucky), Cincinnati, St. Louis, New Orleans, Washington, Detroit, and Baltimore. Correspondents include Lewis Cass, Philip Doddridge, and Benjamin Reeder.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Letter and account books, clipping scrapbooks, and miscellaneous family papers of a pioneer, Ohio Valley, general merchandise firm founded by Dudley Woodbridge, Sr., at Marietta, Ohio, and operating under various names for a period of more than sixty years. The collection also includes the account books of Daniel, Richard, and John Greene, 1808-1844; account books of F.B. Loomis, 1842-1844; a medicinal formulary book; the estate records of John Brody; records of a pension and bounty land claims agency operated by George M. Woodbridge, 1861-1864; and justice of the peace accounts, 1832-1863. Subjects include the development of river markets, transportation, and the livestock industry in the early Ohio Valley; fur trade and commerce with England and Europe; the Marietta and Susquehanna Trading Company; Kanawha and Sciota salt works; Ohio Company lands; Woodbridge-Harman Blennerhassett partnership; ginseng trade; Wheeling Cotton Manufacturing Company; ropewalk and shipbuilding in Marietta; military land warrants; estate of George Morgan; career of William Woodbridge, United States senator and governor of Michigan; pioneer education; Meadville Seminary; Ohio University; Miami University; Marietta Collegiate Institute; Belpre, Ohio; American Catholic missions; early history of Marietta; the American Colonization Society; Washington County Colonization Society; churches; Washington County Tract Society; recruiting in Marietta during the Civil War; impact of the War of 1812 on westward migration and labor; and Woodbridge family affairs. Letters are addressed to merchants in London, France, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Charleston (West Virginia), Lexington and Louisville (Kentucky), Cincinnati, St. Louis, New Orleans, Washington, Detroit, and Baltimore. Correspondents include Lewis Cass, Philip Doddridge, and Benjamin Reeder."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_97a19b48b0865b933e413ce17c6b47ab\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Colonization Society","Marietta and Susquehanna Trading Company","Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western Teachers' Seminary","Meadville Seminary","Miami University (Oxford, Ohio)","Ohio Company.","Ohio University","United States. Congress. Senate","Washington County Colonization Society","Washington County Tract Society","Wheeling Cotton Manufacturing Company","Woodbridge Mercantile Company","Woodbridge-Blennerhassett.","Brody, John.","Cass, Lewis.","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Greene, Daniel.","Greene, John.","Greene, Richard.","Loomis, F.B.","Morgan, George","Reeder, Benjamin.","Woodbridge, Dudley, Sr.","Woodbridge, George M.","Woodbridge, William."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Woodbridge Mercantile Company","American Colonization Society","Marietta and Susquehanna Trading Company","Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western Teachers' Seminary","Meadville Seminary","Miami University (Oxford, Ohio)","Ohio Company.","Ohio University","United States. Congress. Senate","Washington County Colonization Society","Washington County Tract Society","Wheeling Cotton Manufacturing Company","Woodbridge-Blennerhassett.","Brody, John.","Cass, Lewis.","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Greene, Daniel.","Greene, John.","Greene, Richard.","Loomis, F.B.","Morgan, George","Reeder, Benjamin.","Woodbridge, Dudley, Sr.","Woodbridge, George M.","Woodbridge, William."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Woodbridge Mercantile Company","American Colonization Society","Marietta and Susquehanna Trading Company","Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western Teachers' Seminary","Meadville Seminary","Miami University (Oxford, Ohio)","Ohio Company.","Ohio University","United States. Congress. Senate","Washington County Colonization Society","Washington County Tract Society","Wheeling Cotton Manufacturing Company","Woodbridge-Blennerhassett."],"persname_ssim":["Brody, John.","Cass, Lewis.","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Greene, Daniel.","Greene, John.","Greene, Richard.","Loomis, F.B.","Morgan, George","Reeder, Benjamin.","Woodbridge, Dudley, Sr.","Woodbridge, George M.","Woodbridge, William."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":150,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:10:13.981Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4728","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4728","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4728","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4728","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_4728.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198319","title_ssm":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records"],"title_tesim":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1743-1882"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1743-1882"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1455","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4728"],"text":["A\u0026M 1455","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4728","Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records","Baltimore (Md.)","Charleston.","Cincinnati (Ohio)","Detroit (Mich.)","England","Europe","France","Kanawha.","Lexington (Ky.)","London (England)","Louisville (Ky.)","Marietta (Ohio)","Michigan","New Orleans (La.)","New York (State)","Ohio River Valley","Philadelphia (Pa.)","Pittsburgh (Pa.)","Saint Louis (Mo.)","Scioto River (Ohio)","Washington (D.C.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- War of 1812","American ginseng","Account books","Livestock","Churches  -- Roman Catholic, American missions","Churches  -- Roman Catholic","Church buildings","Drugs and druggists.","Education","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","Fur trade","General stores","Justices of the peace","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Missionaries","Frontier and pioneer life","Politics and government.","Rivers and river valleys.","Salt industry and trade","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Slaves and slavery.","Transportation","Unions.","Universities and colleges","No special access restriction applies.","These are the records of the Woodbridge Mercantile Company and related businesses operated in Marietta, Ohio from the years 1743 to 1882. Woodbridge began the business, which included trade up and down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh and Philadelphia to Kentucky and points in between. George M. Woodbridge's business dealt in real estate, and so indicates the growth of the area west of Marietta. The growth of river trade and the types of goods traded are described extensively in the collection. Other topics include aspects of life in the early nineteenth century Ohio River Valley, real estate, and other business concerns. Prominent names in the collection include D. Woodbridge, George M. Woodbridge, and Harmon Blennerhasset.","Subjects found in collection:","Ships and shipbuilding – Volumes 1, 6, 8, 14, 31, 37, 53, 132","Transportation of goods, overland and by river (Ohio and Muskingum) – Volumes 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 123, 124","Harmon Blennerhasset and Blennerhasset Island – Volumes 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25","Land values and transaction of land – Volumes 56, 79, 81, 89, 131","Bank of Marietta – Volumes 2, 6, 9, 98","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Letter and account books, clipping scrapbooks, and miscellaneous family papers of a pioneer, Ohio Valley, general merchandise firm founded by Dudley Woodbridge, Sr., at Marietta, Ohio, and operating under various names for a period of more than sixty years. The collection also includes the account books of Daniel, Richard, and John Greene, 1808-1844; account books of F.B. Loomis, 1842-1844; a medicinal formulary book; the estate records of John Brody; records of a pension and bounty land claims agency operated by George M. Woodbridge, 1861-1864; and justice of the peace accounts, 1832-1863. Subjects include the development of river markets, transportation, and the livestock industry in the early Ohio Valley; fur trade and commerce with England and Europe; the Marietta and Susquehanna Trading Company; Kanawha and Sciota salt works; Ohio Company lands; Woodbridge-Harman Blennerhassett partnership; ginseng trade; Wheeling Cotton Manufacturing Company; ropewalk and shipbuilding in Marietta; military land warrants; estate of George Morgan; career of William Woodbridge, United States senator and governor of Michigan; pioneer education; Meadville Seminary; Ohio University; Miami University; Marietta Collegiate Institute; Belpre, Ohio; American Catholic missions; early history of Marietta; the American Colonization Society; Washington County Colonization Society; churches; Washington County Tract Society; recruiting in Marietta during the Civil War; impact of the War of 1812 on westward migration and labor; and Woodbridge family affairs. Letters are addressed to merchants in London, France, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Charleston (West Virginia), Lexington and Louisville (Kentucky), Cincinnati, St. Louis, New Orleans, Washington, Detroit, and Baltimore. Correspondents include Lewis Cass, Philip Doddridge, and Benjamin Reeder.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Woodbridge Mercantile Company","American Colonization Society","Marietta and Susquehanna Trading Company","Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western Teachers' Seminary","Meadville Seminary","Miami University (Oxford, Ohio)","Ohio Company.","Ohio University","United States. Congress. Senate","Washington County Colonization Society","Washington County Tract Society","Wheeling Cotton Manufacturing Company","Woodbridge-Blennerhassett.","Brody, John.","Cass, Lewis.","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Greene, Daniel.","Greene, John.","Greene, Richard.","Loomis, F.B.","Morgan, George","Reeder, Benjamin.","Woodbridge, Dudley, Sr.","Woodbridge, George M.","Woodbridge, William.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1455","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4728"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records"],"collection_ssim":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Baltimore (Md.)","Charleston.","Cincinnati (Ohio)","Detroit (Mich.)","England","Europe","France","Kanawha.","Lexington (Ky.)","London (England)","Louisville (Ky.)","Marietta (Ohio)","Michigan","New Orleans (La.)","New York (State)","Ohio River Valley","Philadelphia (Pa.)","Pittsburgh (Pa.)","Saint Louis (Mo.)","Scioto River (Ohio)","Washington (D.C.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- War of 1812"],"geogname_ssim":["Baltimore (Md.)","Charleston.","Cincinnati (Ohio)","Detroit (Mich.)","England","Europe","France","Kanawha.","Lexington (Ky.)","London (England)","Louisville (Ky.)","Marietta (Ohio)","Michigan","New Orleans (La.)","New York (State)","Ohio River Valley","Philadelphia (Pa.)","Pittsburgh (Pa.)","Saint Louis (Mo.)","Scioto River (Ohio)","Washington (D.C.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- War of 1812"],"creator_ssm":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company"],"creator_ssim":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company"],"creators_ssim":["Woodbridge Mercantile Company"],"places_ssim":["Baltimore (Md.)","Charleston.","Cincinnati (Ohio)","Detroit (Mich.)","England","Europe","France","Kanawha.","Lexington (Ky.)","London (England)","Louisville (Ky.)","Marietta (Ohio)","Michigan","New Orleans (La.)","New York (State)","Ohio River Valley","Philadelphia (Pa.)","Pittsburgh (Pa.)","Saint Louis (Mo.)","Scioto River (Ohio)","Washington (D.C.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- War of 1812"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["American ginseng","Account books","Livestock","Churches  -- Roman Catholic, American missions","Churches  -- Roman Catholic","Church buildings","Drugs and druggists.","Education","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","Fur trade","General stores","Justices of the peace","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Missionaries","Frontier and pioneer life","Politics and government.","Rivers and river valleys.","Salt industry and trade","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Slaves and slavery.","Transportation","Unions.","Universities and colleges"],"access_subjects_ssm":["American ginseng","Account books","Livestock","Churches  -- Roman Catholic, American missions","Churches  -- Roman Catholic","Church buildings","Drugs and druggists.","Education","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","Fur trade","General stores","Justices of the peace","Labor organization. SEE ALSO Coal mining - labor","Medicine. SEE ALSO Folk medicine.","Missionaries","Frontier and pioneer life","Politics and government.","Rivers and river valleys.","Salt industry and trade","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Slaves and slavery.","Transportation","Unions.","Universities and colleges"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11.10 Linear Feet Summary: 11 ft. 1 1/4 in. (21 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (4 small flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["11.10 Linear Feet Summary: 11 ft. 1 1/4 in. (21 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (4 small flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (1 small flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records, A\u0026amp;M 1455, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Woodbridge Mercantile Company Records, A\u0026M 1455, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese are the records of the Woodbridge Mercantile Company and related businesses operated in Marietta, Ohio from the years 1743 to 1882. Woodbridge began the business, which included trade up and down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh and Philadelphia to Kentucky and points in between. George M. Woodbridge's business dealt in real estate, and so indicates the growth of the area west of Marietta. The growth of river trade and the types of goods traded are described extensively in the collection. Other topics include aspects of life in the early nineteenth century Ohio River Valley, real estate, and other business concerns. Prominent names in the collection include D. Woodbridge, George M. Woodbridge, and Harmon Blennerhasset.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubjects found in collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShips and shipbuilding – Volumes 1, 6, 8, 14, 31, 37, 53, 132\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTransportation of goods, overland and by river (Ohio and Muskingum) – Volumes 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 123, 124\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarmon Blennerhasset and Blennerhasset Island – Volumes 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLand values and transaction of land – Volumes 56, 79, 81, 89, 131\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBank of Marietta – Volumes 2, 6, 9, 98\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These are the records of the Woodbridge Mercantile Company and related businesses operated in Marietta, Ohio from the years 1743 to 1882. Woodbridge began the business, which included trade up and down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh and Philadelphia to Kentucky and points in between. George M. Woodbridge's business dealt in real estate, and so indicates the growth of the area west of Marietta. The growth of river trade and the types of goods traded are described extensively in the collection. Other topics include aspects of life in the early nineteenth century Ohio River Valley, real estate, and other business concerns. Prominent names in the collection include D. Woodbridge, George M. Woodbridge, and Harmon Blennerhasset.","Subjects found in collection:","Ships and shipbuilding – Volumes 1, 6, 8, 14, 31, 37, 53, 132","Transportation of goods, overland and by river (Ohio and Muskingum) – Volumes 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 123, 124","Harmon Blennerhasset and Blennerhasset Island – Volumes 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25","Land values and transaction of land – Volumes 56, 79, 81, 89, 131","Bank of Marietta – Volumes 2, 6, 9, 98"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbebcc5ffb758c18356de41c3aa65840\"\u003eLetter and account books, clipping scrapbooks, and miscellaneous family papers of a pioneer, Ohio Valley, general merchandise firm founded by Dudley Woodbridge, Sr., at Marietta, Ohio, and operating under various names for a period of more than sixty years. The collection also includes the account books of Daniel, Richard, and John Greene, 1808-1844; account books of F.B. Loomis, 1842-1844; a medicinal formulary book; the estate records of John Brody; records of a pension and bounty land claims agency operated by George M. Woodbridge, 1861-1864; and justice of the peace accounts, 1832-1863. Subjects include the development of river markets, transportation, and the livestock industry in the early Ohio Valley; fur trade and commerce with England and Europe; the Marietta and Susquehanna Trading Company; Kanawha and Sciota salt works; Ohio Company lands; Woodbridge-Harman Blennerhassett partnership; ginseng trade; Wheeling Cotton Manufacturing Company; ropewalk and shipbuilding in Marietta; military land warrants; estate of George Morgan; career of William Woodbridge, United States senator and governor of Michigan; pioneer education; Meadville Seminary; Ohio University; Miami University; Marietta Collegiate Institute; Belpre, Ohio; American Catholic missions; early history of Marietta; the American Colonization Society; Washington County Colonization Society; churches; Washington County Tract Society; recruiting in Marietta during the Civil War; impact of the War of 1812 on westward migration and labor; and Woodbridge family affairs. Letters are addressed to merchants in London, France, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Charleston (West Virginia), Lexington and Louisville (Kentucky), Cincinnati, St. Louis, New Orleans, Washington, Detroit, and Baltimore. Correspondents include Lewis Cass, Philip Doddridge, and Benjamin Reeder.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Letter and account books, clipping scrapbooks, and miscellaneous family papers of a pioneer, Ohio Valley, general merchandise firm founded by Dudley Woodbridge, Sr., at Marietta, Ohio, and operating under various names for a period of more than sixty years. The collection also includes the account books of Daniel, Richard, and John Greene, 1808-1844; account books of F.B. Loomis, 1842-1844; a medicinal formulary book; the estate records of John Brody; records of a pension and bounty land claims agency operated by George M. Woodbridge, 1861-1864; and justice of the peace accounts, 1832-1863. Subjects include the development of river markets, transportation, and the livestock industry in the early Ohio Valley; fur trade and commerce with England and Europe; the Marietta and Susquehanna Trading Company; Kanawha and Sciota salt works; Ohio Company lands; Woodbridge-Harman Blennerhassett partnership; ginseng trade; Wheeling Cotton Manufacturing Company; ropewalk and shipbuilding in Marietta; military land warrants; estate of George Morgan; career of William Woodbridge, United States senator and governor of Michigan; pioneer education; Meadville Seminary; Ohio University; Miami University; Marietta Collegiate Institute; Belpre, Ohio; American Catholic missions; early history of Marietta; the American Colonization Society; Washington County Colonization Society; churches; Washington County Tract Society; recruiting in Marietta during the Civil War; impact of the War of 1812 on westward migration and labor; and Woodbridge family affairs. Letters are addressed to merchants in London, France, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Charleston (West Virginia), Lexington and Louisville (Kentucky), Cincinnati, St. Louis, New Orleans, Washington, Detroit, and Baltimore. Correspondents include Lewis Cass, Philip Doddridge, and Benjamin Reeder."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_97a19b48b0865b933e413ce17c6b47ab\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Colonization Society","Marietta and Susquehanna Trading Company","Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western Teachers' Seminary","Meadville Seminary","Miami University (Oxford, Ohio)","Ohio Company.","Ohio University","United States. Congress. Senate","Washington County Colonization Society","Washington County Tract Society","Wheeling Cotton Manufacturing Company","Woodbridge Mercantile Company","Woodbridge-Blennerhassett.","Brody, John.","Cass, Lewis.","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Greene, Daniel.","Greene, John.","Greene, Richard.","Loomis, F.B.","Morgan, George","Reeder, Benjamin.","Woodbridge, Dudley, Sr.","Woodbridge, George M.","Woodbridge, William."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Woodbridge Mercantile Company","American Colonization Society","Marietta and Susquehanna Trading Company","Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western Teachers' Seminary","Meadville Seminary","Miami University (Oxford, Ohio)","Ohio Company.","Ohio University","United States. Congress. Senate","Washington County Colonization Society","Washington County Tract Society","Wheeling Cotton Manufacturing Company","Woodbridge-Blennerhassett.","Brody, John.","Cass, Lewis.","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Greene, Daniel.","Greene, John.","Greene, Richard.","Loomis, F.B.","Morgan, George","Reeder, Benjamin.","Woodbridge, Dudley, Sr.","Woodbridge, George M.","Woodbridge, William."],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Woodbridge Mercantile Company","American Colonization Society","Marietta and Susquehanna Trading Company","Marietta Collegiate Institute and Western Teachers' Seminary","Meadville Seminary","Miami University (Oxford, Ohio)","Ohio Company.","Ohio University","United States. Congress. Senate","Washington County Colonization Society","Washington County Tract Society","Wheeling Cotton Manufacturing Company","Woodbridge-Blennerhassett."],"persname_ssim":["Brody, John.","Cass, Lewis.","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Greene, Daniel.","Greene, John.","Greene, Richard.","Loomis, F.B.","Morgan, George","Reeder, Benjamin.","Woodbridge, Dudley, Sr.","Woodbridge, George M.","Woodbridge, William."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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