{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Speeches%2C+addresses%2C+etc.\u0026page=3","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Speeches%2C+addresses%2C+etc.\u0026page=2","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Speeches%2C+addresses%2C+etc.\u0026page=4","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Speeches%2C+addresses%2C+etc.\u0026page=5"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":3,"next_page":4,"prev_page":2,"total_pages":5,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":20,"total_count":45,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2232","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"James H. Critchfield Papers, 1941/2003","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2232#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePrimary source documents, research materials and drafts for James Critchfield's book, \"Partners at the Creation the Men behind Postwar Germany's Defense and Intelligence Establishments.\" Includes information on Germans imprisoned by the Allies, and on De-Nazification, for which Critchfield conducted interviews; also included are two copies of a booklet about a camps for detainees (\"Camp 71\"). The illustrated booklet is written in German and one English translation insert is provided. Further included are oral history transcripts and documents relating to the Berlin Crises (1958-1961), the founding of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), the declassified Central Intelligence Agency documents (1945-1949), a German-English intelligence glossary, biographical files and correspondence. Includes some Holocaust materials and photographs of concentration camp victims.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2232#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2232","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2232","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2232","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2232","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2232.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Critchfield, James, Papers","title_ssm":["James H. Critchfield Papers"],"title_tesim":["James H. Critchfield Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1941-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941-2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1941/2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James H. Critchfield Papers, 1941/2003"],"text":["James H. Critchfield Papers, 1941/2003","MS 00209","/repositories/2/resources/2232","Germany. Bundesnachrichtendienst--History","Intelligence service--Germany--History","Interviews","National security--Germany--History","Denazification","Internment camps","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Publications","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Video recordings","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","James H. Critchfield was a United States Army officer during World War II who remained in Germany and Austria as an army intelligence officer and joined the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency where he was the principal CIA officer working with the Gehlen Organization until its emergence as the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND).He was born January 30, 1917 and graduated from North Dakota State University. He retired from the CIA in 1974 and died April 23, 2003. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Some cassette tapes have been digitized. Tapes that have not been digitized will need to be digitized before accessing. Please contact Special Collections staff for more information. At least 72 hours advanced notice required to access cassette tape recordings.","Processed by Matthew Hopper, SCRC Staff, during 2003-2004. Addition accessioned in August 2009 ,and described and rehoused by Terry Noziglia, SCRC Staff, in October 2009.","The James H. Critchfield Papers relating to Oman are housed at the Georgetown University Library.","Primary source documents, research materials and drafts for James Critchfield's book, \"Partners at the Creation the Men behind Postwar Germany's Defense and Intelligence Establishments.\"\nIncludes information on Germans imprisoned by the Allies, and on De-Nazification, for which Critchfield conducted interviews; also included are two copies of a booklet about a camps for detainees (\"Camp 71\"). The illustrated booklet is written in German and one English translation insert is provided.\nFurther included are oral history transcripts and documents relating to the Berlin Crises (1958-1961), the founding of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), the declassified Central Intelligence Agency documents (1945-1949), a German-English intelligence glossary, biographical files and correspondence.  Includes some Holocaust materials and photographs of concentration camp victims.","Acc. 2009.367 consists of  photocopies of \"Foreign Intelligence and Partnership:CIA and the origins of the BND, 1945-49\"; as well as one bound and one loose-leaf set of copies of correspondence relating to Critchfield's post-war Intelligence tasks.","Scope and Contents Dissertation: \"The Denazification Program in the U.S. Zone of Germany.\"","Some tapes have been digitized. Tapes that have not been digitized will need to be digitized before access. Please contact Special Collections staff for more information. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","This series includes material about the CIA and the origins of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) as well as historical information about the CIA relationship with the German Federal Intelligence Service.","Volume I Part I Firsthand Accounts Part II Stunde Null (Zero Hour, June 1945) Part III Vandenberg Report Part IV Bossard Report The report gives the history of the relationship between the CIA and the BND, beginning with General Gehlen, a German officer who started an organization during the war to preserve German intelligence records on the Soviet Union after Germany's defeat. The United States Army worked with Gehlen's organization after the end of the war, in a project called \"Operation Rusty\". The Vandenberg report was an evaluation by the CIA in 1947 of the merits of the CIA taking over this operation, which rejected the idea. The Bossard report was a later CIA follow up which was more favorable to the idea. In 1948 James Critchfield, head of the Munich Operations Based prepared the \"Critchfield Report\" which recommended the CIA take over Gehlen's operation , and this policy was put into effect in 1949. \"Year of Decisions\" the final section of the report consists of memos and reports between the CIA and the BND during 1949 as the policy was being carried out.","Bound copy of Item 1.","Volume II Part V Critchfield Report Part VI Year of Decisions.","Bound book with copies of documents and reports relating to the CIA-BND operations, with a cover letter from Eberhard Blum, head of the BND from 1982-1985, to his \"dear friend\" James Critchfield.","Looseleaf copy of Item 4.","A framed autographed photo of Richard Helms has been transferred to the Manuscript Audiovisual Collection.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English\n      German"],"collection_title_tesim":["James H. 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Critchfield was a United States Army officer during World War II who remained in Germany and Austria as an army intelligence officer and joined the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency where he was the principal CIA officer working with the Gehlen Organization until its emergence as the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND).He was born January 30, 1917 and graduated from North Dakota State University. He retired from the CIA in 1974 and died April 23, 2003. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/James_H._Critchfield\" title=\"James H. Critchfield\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["James H. Critchfield was a United States Army officer during World War II who remained in Germany and Austria as an army intelligence officer and joined the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency where he was the principal CIA officer working with the Gehlen Organization until its emergence as the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND).He was born January 30, 1917 and graduated from North Dakota State University. He retired from the CIA in 1974 and died April 23, 2003. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome cassette tapes have been digitized. Tapes that have not been digitized will need to be digitized before accessing. Please contact Special Collections staff for more information. At least 72 hours advanced notice required to access cassette tape recordings.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Some cassette tapes have been digitized. Tapes that have not been digitized will need to be digitized before accessing. Please contact Special Collections staff for more information. At least 72 hours advanced notice required to access cassette tape recordings."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames H. Critchfield Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["James H. Critchfield Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Matthew Hopper, SCRC Staff, during 2003-2004. Addition accessioned in August 2009 ,and described and rehoused by Terry Noziglia, SCRC Staff, in October 2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Matthew Hopper, SCRC Staff, during 2003-2004. Addition accessioned in August 2009 ,and described and rehoused by Terry Noziglia, SCRC Staff, in October 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James H. Critchfield Papers relating to Oman are housed at the Georgetown University Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The James H. Critchfield Papers relating to Oman are housed at the Georgetown University Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrimary source documents, research materials and drafts for James Critchfield's book, \"Partners at the Creation the Men behind Postwar Germany's Defense and Intelligence Establishments.\"\nIncludes information on Germans imprisoned by the Allies, and on De-Nazification, for which Critchfield conducted interviews; also included are two copies of a booklet about a camps for detainees (\"Camp 71\"). The illustrated booklet is written in German and one English translation insert is provided.\nFurther included are oral history transcripts and documents relating to the Berlin Crises (1958-1961), the founding of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), the declassified Central Intelligence Agency documents (1945-1949), a German-English intelligence glossary, biographical files and correspondence.  Includes some Holocaust materials and photographs of concentration camp victims.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n Acc. 2009.367 consists of  photocopies of \"Foreign Intelligence and Partnership:CIA and the origins of the BND, 1945-49\"; as well as one bound and one loose-leaf set of copies of correspondence relating to Critchfield's post-war Intelligence tasks.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Dissertation: \"The Denazification Program in the U.S. Zone of Germany.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome tapes have been digitized. Tapes that have not been digitized will need to be digitized before access. Please contact Special Collections staff for more information. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material about the CIA and the origins of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) as well as historical information about the CIA relationship with the German Federal Intelligence Service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolume I Part I Firsthand Accounts Part II Stunde Null (Zero Hour, June 1945) Part III Vandenberg Report Part IV Bossard Report The report gives the history of the relationship between the CIA and the BND, beginning with General Gehlen, a German officer who started an organization during the war to preserve German intelligence records on the Soviet Union after Germany's defeat. The United States Army worked with Gehlen's organization after the end of the war, in a project called \"Operation Rusty\". The Vandenberg report was an evaluation by the CIA in 1947 of the merits of the CIA taking over this operation, which rejected the idea. The Bossard report was a later CIA follow up which was more favorable to the idea. In 1948 James Critchfield, head of the Munich Operations Based prepared the \"Critchfield Report\" which recommended the CIA take over Gehlen's operation , and this policy was put into effect in 1949. \"Year of Decisions\" the final section of the report consists of memos and reports between the CIA and the BND during 1949 as the policy was being carried out.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound copy of Item 1.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolume II Part V Critchfield Report Part VI Year of Decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound book with copies of documents and reports relating to the CIA-BND operations, with a cover letter from Eberhard Blum, head of the BND from 1982-1985, to his \"dear friend\" James Critchfield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLooseleaf copy of Item 4.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Primary source documents, research materials and drafts for James Critchfield's book, \"Partners at the Creation the Men behind Postwar Germany's Defense and Intelligence Establishments.\"\nIncludes information on Germans imprisoned by the Allies, and on De-Nazification, for which Critchfield conducted interviews; also included are two copies of a booklet about a camps for detainees (\"Camp 71\"). The illustrated booklet is written in German and one English translation insert is provided.\nFurther included are oral history transcripts and documents relating to the Berlin Crises (1958-1961), the founding of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), the declassified Central Intelligence Agency documents (1945-1949), a German-English intelligence glossary, biographical files and correspondence.  Includes some Holocaust materials and photographs of concentration camp victims.","Acc. 2009.367 consists of  photocopies of \"Foreign Intelligence and Partnership:CIA and the origins of the BND, 1945-49\"; as well as one bound and one loose-leaf set of copies of correspondence relating to Critchfield's post-war Intelligence tasks.","Scope and Contents Dissertation: \"The Denazification Program in the U.S. Zone of Germany.\"","Some tapes have been digitized. Tapes that have not been digitized will need to be digitized before access. Please contact Special Collections staff for more information. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","This series includes material about the CIA and the origins of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) as well as historical information about the CIA relationship with the German Federal Intelligence Service.","Volume I Part I Firsthand Accounts Part II Stunde Null (Zero Hour, June 1945) Part III Vandenberg Report Part IV Bossard Report The report gives the history of the relationship between the CIA and the BND, beginning with General Gehlen, a German officer who started an organization during the war to preserve German intelligence records on the Soviet Union after Germany's defeat. The United States Army worked with Gehlen's organization after the end of the war, in a project called \"Operation Rusty\". The Vandenberg report was an evaluation by the CIA in 1947 of the merits of the CIA taking over this operation, which rejected the idea. The Bossard report was a later CIA follow up which was more favorable to the idea. In 1948 James Critchfield, head of the Munich Operations Based prepared the \"Critchfield Report\" which recommended the CIA take over Gehlen's operation , and this policy was put into effect in 1949. \"Year of Decisions\" the final section of the report consists of memos and reports between the CIA and the BND during 1949 as the policy was being carried out.","Bound copy of Item 1.","Volume II Part V Critchfield Report Part VI Year of Decisions.","Bound book with copies of documents and reports relating to the CIA-BND operations, with a cover letter from Eberhard Blum, head of the BND from 1982-1985, to his \"dear friend\" James Critchfield.","Looseleaf copy of Item 4."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA framed autographed photo of Richard Helms has been transferred to the Manuscript Audiovisual Collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A framed autographed photo of Richard Helms has been transferred to the Manuscript Audiovisual Collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English\n      German"],"total_component_count_is":486,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:42:20.276Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2232","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2232","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2232","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2232","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2232.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Critchfield, James, Papers","title_ssm":["James H. 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Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","James H. Critchfield was a United States Army officer during World War II who remained in Germany and Austria as an army intelligence officer and joined the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency where he was the principal CIA officer working with the Gehlen Organization until its emergence as the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND).He was born January 30, 1917 and graduated from North Dakota State University. He retired from the CIA in 1974 and died April 23, 2003. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Some cassette tapes have been digitized. Tapes that have not been digitized will need to be digitized before accessing. Please contact Special Collections staff for more information. At least 72 hours advanced notice required to access cassette tape recordings.","Processed by Matthew Hopper, SCRC Staff, during 2003-2004. Addition accessioned in August 2009 ,and described and rehoused by Terry Noziglia, SCRC Staff, in October 2009.","The James H. Critchfield Papers relating to Oman are housed at the Georgetown University Library.","Primary source documents, research materials and drafts for James Critchfield's book, \"Partners at the Creation the Men behind Postwar Germany's Defense and Intelligence Establishments.\"\nIncludes information on Germans imprisoned by the Allies, and on De-Nazification, for which Critchfield conducted interviews; also included are two copies of a booklet about a camps for detainees (\"Camp 71\"). The illustrated booklet is written in German and one English translation insert is provided.\nFurther included are oral history transcripts and documents relating to the Berlin Crises (1958-1961), the founding of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), the declassified Central Intelligence Agency documents (1945-1949), a German-English intelligence glossary, biographical files and correspondence.  Includes some Holocaust materials and photographs of concentration camp victims.","Acc. 2009.367 consists of  photocopies of \"Foreign Intelligence and Partnership:CIA and the origins of the BND, 1945-49\"; as well as one bound and one loose-leaf set of copies of correspondence relating to Critchfield's post-war Intelligence tasks.","Scope and Contents Dissertation: \"The Denazification Program in the U.S. Zone of Germany.\"","Some tapes have been digitized. Tapes that have not been digitized will need to be digitized before access. Please contact Special Collections staff for more information. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","This series includes material about the CIA and the origins of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) as well as historical information about the CIA relationship with the German Federal Intelligence Service.","Volume I Part I Firsthand Accounts Part II Stunde Null (Zero Hour, June 1945) Part III Vandenberg Report Part IV Bossard Report The report gives the history of the relationship between the CIA and the BND, beginning with General Gehlen, a German officer who started an organization during the war to preserve German intelligence records on the Soviet Union after Germany's defeat. The United States Army worked with Gehlen's organization after the end of the war, in a project called \"Operation Rusty\". The Vandenberg report was an evaluation by the CIA in 1947 of the merits of the CIA taking over this operation, which rejected the idea. The Bossard report was a later CIA follow up which was more favorable to the idea. In 1948 James Critchfield, head of the Munich Operations Based prepared the \"Critchfield Report\" which recommended the CIA take over Gehlen's operation , and this policy was put into effect in 1949. \"Year of Decisions\" the final section of the report consists of memos and reports between the CIA and the BND during 1949 as the policy was being carried out.","Bound copy of Item 1.","Volume II Part V Critchfield Report Part VI Year of Decisions.","Bound book with copies of documents and reports relating to the CIA-BND operations, with a cover letter from Eberhard Blum, head of the BND from 1982-1985, to his \"dear friend\" James Critchfield.","Looseleaf copy of Item 4.","A framed autographed photo of Richard Helms has been transferred to the Manuscript Audiovisual Collection.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English\n      German"],"collection_title_tesim":["James H. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames H. Critchfield was a United States Army officer during World War II who remained in Germany and Austria as an army intelligence officer and joined the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency where he was the principal CIA officer working with the Gehlen Organization until its emergence as the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND).He was born January 30, 1917 and graduated from North Dakota State University. He retired from the CIA in 1974 and died April 23, 2003. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/James_H._Critchfield\" title=\"James H. Critchfield\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["James H. Critchfield was a United States Army officer during World War II who remained in Germany and Austria as an army intelligence officer and joined the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency where he was the principal CIA officer working with the Gehlen Organization until its emergence as the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND).He was born January 30, 1917 and graduated from North Dakota State University. He retired from the CIA in 1974 and died April 23, 2003. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome cassette tapes have been digitized. Tapes that have not been digitized will need to be digitized before accessing. Please contact Special Collections staff for more information. At least 72 hours advanced notice required to access cassette tape recordings.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Some cassette tapes have been digitized. Tapes that have not been digitized will need to be digitized before accessing. Please contact Special Collections staff for more information. At least 72 hours advanced notice required to access cassette tape recordings."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames H. Critchfield Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["James H. Critchfield Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Matthew Hopper, SCRC Staff, during 2003-2004. Addition accessioned in August 2009 ,and described and rehoused by Terry Noziglia, SCRC Staff, in October 2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Matthew Hopper, SCRC Staff, during 2003-2004. Addition accessioned in August 2009 ,and described and rehoused by Terry Noziglia, SCRC Staff, in October 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James H. Critchfield Papers relating to Oman are housed at the Georgetown University Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The James H. Critchfield Papers relating to Oman are housed at the Georgetown University Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrimary source documents, research materials and drafts for James Critchfield's book, \"Partners at the Creation the Men behind Postwar Germany's Defense and Intelligence Establishments.\"\nIncludes information on Germans imprisoned by the Allies, and on De-Nazification, for which Critchfield conducted interviews; also included are two copies of a booklet about a camps for detainees (\"Camp 71\"). The illustrated booklet is written in German and one English translation insert is provided.\nFurther included are oral history transcripts and documents relating to the Berlin Crises (1958-1961), the founding of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), the declassified Central Intelligence Agency documents (1945-1949), a German-English intelligence glossary, biographical files and correspondence.  Includes some Holocaust materials and photographs of concentration camp victims.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n Acc. 2009.367 consists of  photocopies of \"Foreign Intelligence and Partnership:CIA and the origins of the BND, 1945-49\"; as well as one bound and one loose-leaf set of copies of correspondence relating to Critchfield's post-war Intelligence tasks.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Dissertation: \"The Denazification Program in the U.S. Zone of Germany.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome tapes have been digitized. Tapes that have not been digitized will need to be digitized before access. Please contact Special Collections staff for more information. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material about the CIA and the origins of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) as well as historical information about the CIA relationship with the German Federal Intelligence Service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolume I Part I Firsthand Accounts Part II Stunde Null (Zero Hour, June 1945) Part III Vandenberg Report Part IV Bossard Report The report gives the history of the relationship between the CIA and the BND, beginning with General Gehlen, a German officer who started an organization during the war to preserve German intelligence records on the Soviet Union after Germany's defeat. The United States Army worked with Gehlen's organization after the end of the war, in a project called \"Operation Rusty\". The Vandenberg report was an evaluation by the CIA in 1947 of the merits of the CIA taking over this operation, which rejected the idea. The Bossard report was a later CIA follow up which was more favorable to the idea. In 1948 James Critchfield, head of the Munich Operations Based prepared the \"Critchfield Report\" which recommended the CIA take over Gehlen's operation , and this policy was put into effect in 1949. \"Year of Decisions\" the final section of the report consists of memos and reports between the CIA and the BND during 1949 as the policy was being carried out.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound copy of Item 1.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolume II Part V Critchfield Report Part VI Year of Decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBound book with copies of documents and reports relating to the CIA-BND operations, with a cover letter from Eberhard Blum, head of the BND from 1982-1985, to his \"dear friend\" James Critchfield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLooseleaf copy of Item 4.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Primary source documents, research materials and drafts for James Critchfield's book, \"Partners at the Creation the Men behind Postwar Germany's Defense and Intelligence Establishments.\"\nIncludes information on Germans imprisoned by the Allies, and on De-Nazification, for which Critchfield conducted interviews; also included are two copies of a booklet about a camps for detainees (\"Camp 71\"). The illustrated booklet is written in German and one English translation insert is provided.\nFurther included are oral history transcripts and documents relating to the Berlin Crises (1958-1961), the founding of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), the declassified Central Intelligence Agency documents (1945-1949), a German-English intelligence glossary, biographical files and correspondence.  Includes some Holocaust materials and photographs of concentration camp victims.","Acc. 2009.367 consists of  photocopies of \"Foreign Intelligence and Partnership:CIA and the origins of the BND, 1945-49\"; as well as one bound and one loose-leaf set of copies of correspondence relating to Critchfield's post-war Intelligence tasks.","Scope and Contents Dissertation: \"The Denazification Program in the U.S. Zone of Germany.\"","Some tapes have been digitized. Tapes that have not been digitized will need to be digitized before access. Please contact Special Collections staff for more information. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","This series includes material about the CIA and the origins of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) as well as historical information about the CIA relationship with the German Federal Intelligence Service.","Volume I Part I Firsthand Accounts Part II Stunde Null (Zero Hour, June 1945) Part III Vandenberg Report Part IV Bossard Report The report gives the history of the relationship between the CIA and the BND, beginning with General Gehlen, a German officer who started an organization during the war to preserve German intelligence records on the Soviet Union after Germany's defeat. The United States Army worked with Gehlen's organization after the end of the war, in a project called \"Operation Rusty\". The Vandenberg report was an evaluation by the CIA in 1947 of the merits of the CIA taking over this operation, which rejected the idea. The Bossard report was a later CIA follow up which was more favorable to the idea. In 1948 James Critchfield, head of the Munich Operations Based prepared the \"Critchfield Report\" which recommended the CIA take over Gehlen's operation , and this policy was put into effect in 1949. \"Year of Decisions\" the final section of the report consists of memos and reports between the CIA and the BND during 1949 as the policy was being carried out.","Bound copy of Item 1.","Volume II Part V Critchfield Report Part VI Year of Decisions.","Bound book with copies of documents and reports relating to the CIA-BND operations, with a cover letter from Eberhard Blum, head of the BND from 1982-1985, to his \"dear friend\" James Critchfield.","Looseleaf copy of Item 4."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA framed autographed photo of Richard Helms has been transferred to the Manuscript Audiovisual Collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A framed autographed photo of Richard Helms has been transferred to the Manuscript Audiovisual Collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English\n      German"],"total_component_count_is":486,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:42:20.276Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2232"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00019","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n         \n         1850-1987","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00019#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Correspondence, 1925-1983; speeches, 1927-1979; financial and legal papers, 1948-1978; scrapbooks, 1934-1963; newspaper clippings, 1931-1987; miscellaneous volumes; certificates and awards. Correspondence is non-official, but touches on Almond's term as Governor of Virginia and on his appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals. Scrapbooks and clippings document his campaigns and terms as attorney general and governor of Virginia, and contain a great deal of information on Virginia's resistance to school desegregation. Also included in the collection are correspondence, speeches, and miscellaneous papers of Almond's wife, Josephine Katherine (Minter) Almond (1901-1992), some of which concerns her service as First Lady of Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00019#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihi_vih00019","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00019","_root_":"vihi_vih00019","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00019","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00019.xml","title_ssm":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n         \n         1850-1987"],"title_tesim":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n         \n         1850-1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n         \n         1850-1987"],"text":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n         \n         1850-1987","Mss1 AL685 a FA2","Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay),\n         1898-1986.","Almond, Josephine Katherine Minter, 1901-\n         1992.","Byrd, Harry Flood, 1887-1966.","Democratic Party (Va.) -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Eastland, James O. (James Oliver),\n         1904-1986.","Governors' spouses -- Virginia -- Social life and\n         customs.","Harrison, Albertis S. (Albertis Sydney),\n         1907-1995.","Judges -- Appointment, qualifications, tenure,\n         etc.","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald),\n         1917-1963.","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968.","Political campaign -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Political oratory -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","School integration -- Virginia.","Scrapbooks -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Speeches, addresses, etc.","United States. Court of Customs and Patent\n         Appeals.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1950.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1951-","Virginia. Governor (1958-1962 : Almond)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney\n         General.","Women -- Virginia -- Political activity.","Women -- Virginia -- Social life and customs --\n         20th century.","2,8000 (ca.) items.","Collection is open for research.","Organized into ten series by material type. Correspondence\n         is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. Other materials\n         are arranged chronologically wherever possible.","Alphabetical by correspondent.","Alphabetical by correspondent.","Arranged chronologically where possible,\n                  alphabetically by subject otherwise.","James Lindsay Almond, Jr., was born June 15, 1898, in\n         Charlottesville, Va., the son of Lindsay and Eddie Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond. At an early age his family moved to a farm\n         in rural Orange County, Va. Almond entered the University of\n         Virginia in 1917 as a member of the Student Army Training\n         Corps but withdrew a year later and consequently served for a\n         year as principal of the Zoar High School near Roanoke, Va.,\n         1921- 1922. He then entered the University of Virginia School\n         of Law and earned his law degree in 1923. He had been admitted\n         to the Virginia Bar in 1921. He was in private practice as a\n         lawyer in Roanoke, Va., 1923- 1932, and quickly became known\n         for his handling of criminal cases.","A Democrat, Almond's interest in politics began in his\n         teens. His involvement with Democrat Harry Flood Byrd began in\n         1925, when Almond made several speeches in support of Byrd's\n         gubernatorial campaign. With Byrd's help, Almond was appointed\n         assistant Commonwealth's attorney for the city of Roanoke,\n         1930-1933, and a judge of the Roanoke Hustings court,\n         1933-1945. He was later appointed to the 79th U.S. Congress\n         and elected a member of the 80th U.S. Congress. The Virginia\n         Democratic Party, led by Harry F. Byrd, asked Almond to step\n         down from his Congressional seat and run for attorney general\n         of Virginia, to which position he was elected in 1948. He\n         served in this office until 1957, at which time he resigned to\n         run for governor of Virginia.","Both Almond's campaign for and service as governor were\n         dominated by Virginia's response to the Supreme Court's school\n         desegregation edict. As governor, he inherited a program of\n         \"massive resistance\" designed to halt school integration by\n         erecting a series of defensive obstacles. Realizing the\n         movement was doomed and if continued would potentially destroy\n         the Commonwealth's educational system, in January 1959 Almond\n         admitted defeat and established a commission to develop a plan\n         for the integration of Virginia's public schools. Almond's\n         reversal on this issue cost him the support of the Harry F.\n         Byrd and his many supporters.","Following Almond's term as governor, he was appointed by\n         President John F. Kennedy as an interim judge of the U.S.\n         Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Washington, D.C. With\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd on the Senate Judicial Committee,\n         it took much campaigning on the part of Almond's friends and\n         supporters to secure his official appointment to this post in\n         1963. He served as a member of this court until his retirement\n         in 1986.","J. Lindsay Almond married Josephine Katherine Minter\n         (1901-1992) in 1925. A native of Roanoke, Va., Mrs. Almond\n         attended Elizabeth College in Salem, Va., and received her\n         bachelor's degree in 1923 from Wittenberg University in Ohio.\n         The Almond's had no children, but raised Mrs. Almond's orphan\n         nephew, Lewis S. Minter, from infancy. Mr. Almond died April\n         14, 1986, and is buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Roanoke,\n         Va.","Series 1 contains the non-official correspondence of J.\n         Lindsay Almond, Jr., 1925-1983, chiefly as governor and while\n         he was seeking a federal judgeship. Subjects mentioned include\n         concerns of constituents; recommendations of persons for\n         appointments by various state and local officials; the attempt\n         on Almond's life in April 1959; Almond's stand on school\n         desegregation (see the correspondence of Alburtis S. Harrison,\n         Jr., Charles L. Lady, and Sydney F. Small); and the efforts of\n         Almond's supporters to get him a position on the U.S. Court of\n         Patent Appeals (see the correspondence of George Edward Allen\n         (1885-1972), Miner Carl Andrews, Lester R. Bachner, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), James O. Eastland, Charles Rogers\n         Fenwick, Eppa Hunton IV, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Robert\n         Francis Kennedy, Marvin E. Nuckols, Jr., and A. Willis\n         Robertson). This appointment was blocked for almost a year by\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, a member of the Senate Judicial\n         Committee, who had broken with Almond over the latter's\n         apparent reversal of his support of school desegregation and\n         the policy of \"massive resistance.\" Also included is scattered\n         family correspondence, chiefly concerning the health of\n         Almond's mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess) Almond (d.\n         1966).","Series 2 contains speeches given on various occasions.\n         Subseries 2.1, Speeches by J. Lindsay Almond, are arranged\n         chronologically. See 1958-1960 for the bulk of speeches\n         concerning school desegregation. Subseries 2.2, Speeches by\n         Others, is arranged alphabetically by author.","Series 3 includes scattered financial and legal records,\n         1948-1978, of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., consisting of records of\n         sale and purchase of residential real estate in Roanoke and\n         Richmond, Va., loose accounts and papers including forms\n         relating to his employment as a federal judge, canceled\n         checks, an account book for his expenses relating to the last\n         illness and death of his mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess)\n         Almond (d. 1966) of Locust Grove, Va., and miscellaneous items\n         including an affidavit concerning the Virginia Senatorial\n         campaign of 1946 and its connection with the C.I.O. Political\n         Action Committee and a list of firearms owned by Mr.\n         Almond.","Series 4 includes scrapbooks, 1934-1963, containing chiefly\n         newspaper clippings from Richmond and Roanoke, Va., newspapers\n         documenting the various careers of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. The\n         volumes are arranged in four subseries as follows: Subseries\n         4.1 documents Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke City\n         Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House of\n         Representatives. Series 4.2 documents Almond's return to\n         Virginia to serve as Attorney General. Subseries 4.3 documents\n         Almond's campaign for, election as, and service as governor of\n         Virginia. Prominently mentioned is his fight against\n         court-ordered desegregation of public schools. Subseries 4.4\n         in many ways overlaps previous subseries but also includes a\n         scrapbook concerning the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke,\n         Va., of which Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given\n         in Almond's honor.","Series 5 consists of newspaper clippings, 1931-1987,\n         arranged chronologically, chiefly from Roanoke and Richmond,\n         Va., papers. Subjects include Almond's service as Attorney\n         General of Virginia, campaign for and election as Governor of\n         Virginia, the \"massive resistance\" movement, and the Almonds'\n         life after leaving office. See also: Oversize.","Series 6 contains brief biographical statements,\n         occasionally in resolution form. Some items were evidently\n         attached to letters of recommendation for various\n         appointments. Persons represented include: J. Lindsay Almond,\n         Josephine Katherine (Minter) Almond, Jerome M. Alper, Rufus\n         Adolphus Ayers, Leroy S. Bendheim, Charles Newton Bordwine,\n         Carter Lee Burgess, Mortimer Maxwell Caplin, Albert Edward\n         Cox, John Alvin Crogan, Constantine N. Dombalis, John H. East,\n         F. Howard Forsyth, Connie Barriot Gay, Edward Wren Hudgins,\n         Thomas G. Massie, Joe G. Matthews, Josephine (Umberger)\n         Minter, C. E. Myers, Andrew E. Newton, Gene A. Robens, Bradley\n         Roberts, William L. Saunders, Erwin Seago, Robert N. W. Welch,\n         and Elijah Brockenbrough White.","Series 7 contains non-scrapbook volumes. Subseries 7.1\n         consists of Almond's appointment registers, 1951-1961 (90 v.)\n         kept while he was Attorney General and Governor of Virginia.\n         Entries are short, often containing only the name of the\n         person visiting. Occasionally mention is made of subject\n         matter to be discussed. Almond's attendance at official\n         functions (including receptions, luncheons, conferences) is\n         also noted. Subseries 7.2 consists of miscellaneous volumes,\n         including a letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9, containing drafts\n         of letters from J. Lindsay Almond to Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond; student notebook, 1923 March 4-June 1, kept\n         at the University of Virginia Law School; Roll book, 1957\n         November 5, containing recollections of J. Lindsay Almond's\n         gubernatorial victory, collected by the Almond Booster Club of\n         Roanoke, Va.; and Guest register, 1958 April 22-1962 January\n         4, of visitors to the Governor's Mansion.","Series 8 includes diplomas, certificates of membership in\n         various organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n         qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n         materials, and miscellaneous items received during Almond's\n         careers. Of special interest are his diploma from the\n         University of Virginia, 1923; his law license, 1921; a\n         certificate of appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs and\n         Patent Appeals, 1962, signed by John F. Kennedy and Robert P.\n         Kennedy; oath as Attorney General of Virginia, 1950;\n         certificate of election as Democratic Party candidate for\n         governor, 1957; and Virginia Senate Resolution No. 30 upon his\n         death. (Many items are oversized.)","Series 9 contains miscellaneous and other papers, including\n         Almond family papers (will, 1956, of Edmonia Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond; letter, 1891, of W. W. Scott to T. W.\n         Almond); Almond family genealogical notes; funeral program for\n         I. T. Minter (d. 1934), father of Josephine (Minter) Almond;\n         writings about J. Lindsay Almond; original poetry and\n         Christmas greetings from friends; and minutes of meetings,\n         1974, of the Colon Club of Richmond, Va., a social club made\n         up of members of the Richmond business and political\n         elite.","Series 10 contains the papers of Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond. Subseries 10.1, Correspondence, 1942-1986,\n         consists chiefly letters expressing support for J. Lindsay\n         Almond's candidacy and election as governor, and of his\n         actions as governor. Also, personal and family correspondence.\n         Correspondents of note include Mildred Almond (concerning\n         strained relations between J. Lindsay Almond and his brother\n         over the care of their invalid mother), Jacqueline (Bouvier)\n         Kennedy Onassis, Lewis S. and Ted A. Minter, Woodrow T. Scurry\n         (of Roanoke, Va., a black man who spent time in prison and\n         credited Gov. Almond with helping him to turn his life\n         around), Wilbur Walker (concerning the Governor's schedule),\n         and Edith Galt Bolling Wilson (of Washington, D.C., discussing\n         Democratic politics and her relationship with the President\n         and Mrs. Kennedy). Subseries 10.2, Speeches, 1940-1983,\n         contains the text of speeches delivered by Mrs. Almond on\n         various occasions. Arranged chronologically where possible,\n         alphabetically by subject otherwise. Subseries 10.3., Other\n         papers, 1923-1974, includes notes for speeches, commonplace\n         containing poetry and prose, financial materials concerning\n         household expenses at the Governor's Mansion, guest lists for\n         planning events at the Governor's Mansion, notes for\n         interviews, scrapbooks, and awards.","Real estate records, 1948-1964; loose accounts,\n               1958-1978; cancelled checks, 1960-1966; account book,\n               1962-1967; and miscellaneous, 1949 and n.d.","Document Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke\n                  City Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House\n                  of Representatives.","Document Almond's return to Virginia to serve as\n                  Attorney General.","Documents Almond's campaign for, election as, and\n                  service as governor of Virginia. Prominently\n                  mentioned is his fight against court-ordered\n                  desegregation of public schools.","This subseries in many ways overlaps previous\n                  subseries but also includes a scrapbook concerning\n                  the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke, Va., of which\n                  Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given in\n                  Almond's honor.","Letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9; student notebook,\n                  1923 March 4-June 1, kept at UVA; roll book, 1957\n                  November 5, Almond Booster Club, Roanoke Va.; guest\n                  register, 1958 April 22-1962 January 4.","Diplomas, certificates of membership in various\n               organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n               qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n               materials, and miscellaneous items received during\n               Almond's careers.","There are no restrictions.","Correspondence, 1925-1983;\n         speeches, 1927-1979; financial and legal papers, 1948-1978;\n         scrapbooks, 1934-1963; newspaper clippings, 1931-1987;\n         miscellaneous volumes; certificates and awards. Correspondence\n         is non-official, but touches on Almond's term as Governor of\n         Virginia and on his appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs\n         and Patent Appeals. Scrapbooks and clippings document his\n         campaigns and terms as attorney general and governor of\n         Virginia, and contain a great deal of information on\n         Virginia's resistance to school desegregation. Also included\n         in the collection are correspondence, speeches, and\n         miscellaneous papers of Almond's wife, Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond (1901-1992), some of which concerns her\n         service as First Lady of Virginia.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n         \n         1850-1987"],"collection_ssim":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n         \n         1850-1987"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 AL685 a FA2"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 AL685 a FA2"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the estate of Josephine Katherine (Minter)\n            Almond, through the courtesy of Lewis S. Minter, in\n            1992."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay),\n         1898-1986.","Almond, Josephine Katherine Minter, 1901-\n         1992.","Byrd, Harry Flood, 1887-1966.","Democratic Party (Va.) -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Eastland, James O. (James Oliver),\n         1904-1986.","Governors' spouses -- Virginia -- Social life and\n         customs.","Harrison, Albertis S. (Albertis Sydney),\n         1907-1995.","Judges -- Appointment, qualifications, tenure,\n         etc.","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald),\n         1917-1963.","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968.","Political campaign -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Political oratory -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","School integration -- Virginia.","Scrapbooks -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Speeches, addresses, etc.","United States. Court of Customs and Patent\n         Appeals.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1950.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1951-","Virginia. Governor (1958-1962 : Almond)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney\n         General.","Women -- Virginia -- Political activity.","Women -- Virginia -- Social life and customs --\n         20th century."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay),\n         1898-1986.","Almond, Josephine Katherine Minter, 1901-\n         1992.","Byrd, Harry Flood, 1887-1966.","Democratic Party (Va.) -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Eastland, James O. (James Oliver),\n         1904-1986.","Governors' spouses -- Virginia -- Social life and\n         customs.","Harrison, Albertis S. (Albertis Sydney),\n         1907-1995.","Judges -- Appointment, qualifications, tenure,\n         etc.","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald),\n         1917-1963.","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968.","Political campaign -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Political oratory -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","School integration -- Virginia.","Scrapbooks -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Speeches, addresses, etc.","United States. Court of Customs and Patent\n         Appeals.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1950.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1951-","Virginia. Governor (1958-1962 : Almond)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney\n         General.","Women -- Virginia -- Political activity.","Women -- Virginia -- Social life and customs --\n         20th century."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["2,8000 (ca.) items."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into ten series by material type. Correspondence\n         is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. Other materials\n         are arranged chronologically wherever possible.\u003c/p\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical by correspondent.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical by correspondent.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically where possible,\n                  alphabetically by subject otherwise.\u003c/p\u003e\n          "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into ten series by material type. Correspondence\n         is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. Other materials\n         are arranged chronologically wherever possible.","Alphabetical by correspondent.","Alphabetical by correspondent.","Arranged chronologically where possible,\n                  alphabetically by subject otherwise."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Lindsay Almond, Jr., was born June 15, 1898, in\n         Charlottesville, Va., the son of Lindsay and Eddie Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond. At an early age his family moved to a farm\n         in rural Orange County, Va. Almond entered the University of\n         Virginia in 1917 as a member of the Student Army Training\n         Corps but withdrew a year later and consequently served for a\n         year as principal of the Zoar High School near Roanoke, Va.,\n         1921- 1922. He then entered the University of Virginia School\n         of Law and earned his law degree in 1923. He had been admitted\n         to the Virginia Bar in 1921. He was in private practice as a\n         lawyer in Roanoke, Va., 1923- 1932, and quickly became known\n         for his handling of criminal cases.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eA Democrat, Almond's interest in politics began in his\n         teens. His involvement with Democrat Harry Flood Byrd began in\n         1925, when Almond made several speeches in support of Byrd's\n         gubernatorial campaign. With Byrd's help, Almond was appointed\n         assistant Commonwealth's attorney for the city of Roanoke,\n         1930-1933, and a judge of the Roanoke Hustings court,\n         1933-1945. He was later appointed to the 79th U.S. Congress\n         and elected a member of the 80th U.S. Congress. The Virginia\n         Democratic Party, led by Harry F. Byrd, asked Almond to step\n         down from his Congressional seat and run for attorney general\n         of Virginia, to which position he was elected in 1948. He\n         served in this office until 1957, at which time he resigned to\n         run for governor of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBoth Almond's campaign for and service as governor were\n         dominated by Virginia's response to the Supreme Court's school\n         desegregation edict. As governor, he inherited a program of\n         \"massive resistance\" designed to halt school integration by\n         erecting a series of defensive obstacles. Realizing the\n         movement was doomed and if continued would potentially destroy\n         the Commonwealth's educational system, in January 1959 Almond\n         admitted defeat and established a commission to develop a plan\n         for the integration of Virginia's public schools. Almond's\n         reversal on this issue cost him the support of the Harry F.\n         Byrd and his many supporters.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFollowing Almond's term as governor, he was appointed by\n         President John F. Kennedy as an interim judge of the U.S.\n         Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Washington, D.C. With\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd on the Senate Judicial Committee,\n         it took much campaigning on the part of Almond's friends and\n         supporters to secure his official appointment to this post in\n         1963. He served as a member of this court until his retirement\n         in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJ. Lindsay Almond married Josephine Katherine Minter\n         (1901-1992) in 1925. A native of Roanoke, Va., Mrs. Almond\n         attended Elizabeth College in Salem, Va., and received her\n         bachelor's degree in 1923 from Wittenberg University in Ohio.\n         The Almond's had no children, but raised Mrs. Almond's orphan\n         nephew, Lewis S. Minter, from infancy. Mr. Almond died April\n         14, 1986, and is buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Roanoke,\n         Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Lindsay Almond, Jr., was born June 15, 1898, in\n         Charlottesville, Va., the son of Lindsay and Eddie Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond. At an early age his family moved to a farm\n         in rural Orange County, Va. Almond entered the University of\n         Virginia in 1917 as a member of the Student Army Training\n         Corps but withdrew a year later and consequently served for a\n         year as principal of the Zoar High School near Roanoke, Va.,\n         1921- 1922. He then entered the University of Virginia School\n         of Law and earned his law degree in 1923. He had been admitted\n         to the Virginia Bar in 1921. He was in private practice as a\n         lawyer in Roanoke, Va., 1923- 1932, and quickly became known\n         for his handling of criminal cases.","A Democrat, Almond's interest in politics began in his\n         teens. His involvement with Democrat Harry Flood Byrd began in\n         1925, when Almond made several speeches in support of Byrd's\n         gubernatorial campaign. With Byrd's help, Almond was appointed\n         assistant Commonwealth's attorney for the city of Roanoke,\n         1930-1933, and a judge of the Roanoke Hustings court,\n         1933-1945. He was later appointed to the 79th U.S. Congress\n         and elected a member of the 80th U.S. Congress. The Virginia\n         Democratic Party, led by Harry F. Byrd, asked Almond to step\n         down from his Congressional seat and run for attorney general\n         of Virginia, to which position he was elected in 1948. He\n         served in this office until 1957, at which time he resigned to\n         run for governor of Virginia.","Both Almond's campaign for and service as governor were\n         dominated by Virginia's response to the Supreme Court's school\n         desegregation edict. As governor, he inherited a program of\n         \"massive resistance\" designed to halt school integration by\n         erecting a series of defensive obstacles. Realizing the\n         movement was doomed and if continued would potentially destroy\n         the Commonwealth's educational system, in January 1959 Almond\n         admitted defeat and established a commission to develop a plan\n         for the integration of Virginia's public schools. Almond's\n         reversal on this issue cost him the support of the Harry F.\n         Byrd and his many supporters.","Following Almond's term as governor, he was appointed by\n         President John F. Kennedy as an interim judge of the U.S.\n         Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Washington, D.C. With\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd on the Senate Judicial Committee,\n         it took much campaigning on the part of Almond's friends and\n         supporters to secure his official appointment to this post in\n         1963. He served as a member of this court until his retirement\n         in 1986.","J. Lindsay Almond married Josephine Katherine Minter\n         (1901-1992) in 1925. A native of Roanoke, Va., Mrs. Almond\n         attended Elizabeth College in Salem, Va., and received her\n         bachelor's degree in 1923 from Wittenberg University in Ohio.\n         The Almond's had no children, but raised Mrs. Almond's orphan\n         nephew, Lewis S. Minter, from infancy. Mr. Almond died April\n         14, 1986, and is buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Roanoke,\n         Va."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJ. Lindsay Almond Papers, 1850-1987 (Mss1 AL685 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["J. Lindsay Almond Papers, 1850-1987 (Mss1 AL685 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains the non-official correspondence of J.\n         Lindsay Almond, Jr., 1925-1983, chiefly as governor and while\n         he was seeking a federal judgeship. Subjects mentioned include\n         concerns of constituents; recommendations of persons for\n         appointments by various state and local officials; the attempt\n         on Almond's life in April 1959; Almond's stand on school\n         desegregation (see the correspondence of Alburtis S. Harrison,\n         Jr., Charles L. Lady, and Sydney F. Small); and the efforts of\n         Almond's supporters to get him a position on the U.S. Court of\n         Patent Appeals (see the correspondence of George Edward Allen\n         (1885-1972), Miner Carl Andrews, Lester R. Bachner, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), James O. Eastland, Charles Rogers\n         Fenwick, Eppa Hunton IV, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Robert\n         Francis Kennedy, Marvin E. Nuckols, Jr., and A. Willis\n         Robertson). This appointment was blocked for almost a year by\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, a member of the Senate Judicial\n         Committee, who had broken with Almond over the latter's\n         apparent reversal of his support of school desegregation and\n         the policy of \"massive resistance.\" Also included is scattered\n         family correspondence, chiefly concerning the health of\n         Almond's mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess) Almond (d.\n         1966).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains speeches given on various occasions.\n         Subseries 2.1, Speeches by J. Lindsay Almond, are arranged\n         chronologically. See 1958-1960 for the bulk of speeches\n         concerning school desegregation. Subseries 2.2, Speeches by\n         Others, is arranged alphabetically by author.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 includes scattered financial and legal records,\n         1948-1978, of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., consisting of records of\n         sale and purchase of residential real estate in Roanoke and\n         Richmond, Va., loose accounts and papers including forms\n         relating to his employment as a federal judge, canceled\n         checks, an account book for his expenses relating to the last\n         illness and death of his mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess)\n         Almond (d. 1966) of Locust Grove, Va., and miscellaneous items\n         including an affidavit concerning the Virginia Senatorial\n         campaign of 1946 and its connection with the C.I.O. Political\n         Action Committee and a list of firearms owned by Mr.\n         Almond.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 includes scrapbooks, 1934-1963, containing chiefly\n         newspaper clippings from Richmond and Roanoke, Va., newspapers\n         documenting the various careers of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. The\n         volumes are arranged in four subseries as follows: Subseries\n         4.1 documents Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke City\n         Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House of\n         Representatives. Series 4.2 documents Almond's return to\n         Virginia to serve as Attorney General. Subseries 4.3 documents\n         Almond's campaign for, election as, and service as governor of\n         Virginia. Prominently mentioned is his fight against\n         court-ordered desegregation of public schools. Subseries 4.4\n         in many ways overlaps previous subseries but also includes a\n         scrapbook concerning the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke,\n         Va., of which Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given\n         in Almond's honor.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 consists of newspaper clippings, 1931-1987,\n         arranged chronologically, chiefly from Roanoke and Richmond,\n         Va., papers. Subjects include Almond's service as Attorney\n         General of Virginia, campaign for and election as Governor of\n         Virginia, the \"massive resistance\" movement, and the Almonds'\n         life after leaving office. See also: Oversize.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6 contains brief biographical statements,\n         occasionally in resolution form. Some items were evidently\n         attached to letters of recommendation for various\n         appointments. Persons represented include: J. Lindsay Almond,\n         Josephine Katherine (Minter) Almond, Jerome M. Alper, Rufus\n         Adolphus Ayers, Leroy S. Bendheim, Charles Newton Bordwine,\n         Carter Lee Burgess, Mortimer Maxwell Caplin, Albert Edward\n         Cox, John Alvin Crogan, Constantine N. Dombalis, John H. East,\n         F. Howard Forsyth, Connie Barriot Gay, Edward Wren Hudgins,\n         Thomas G. Massie, Joe G. Matthews, Josephine (Umberger)\n         Minter, C. E. Myers, Andrew E. Newton, Gene A. Robens, Bradley\n         Roberts, William L. Saunders, Erwin Seago, Robert N. W. Welch,\n         and Elijah Brockenbrough White.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7 contains non-scrapbook volumes. Subseries 7.1\n         consists of Almond's appointment registers, 1951-1961 (90 v.)\n         kept while he was Attorney General and Governor of Virginia.\n         Entries are short, often containing only the name of the\n         person visiting. Occasionally mention is made of subject\n         matter to be discussed. Almond's attendance at official\n         functions (including receptions, luncheons, conferences) is\n         also noted. Subseries 7.2 consists of miscellaneous volumes,\n         including a letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9, containing drafts\n         of letters from J. Lindsay Almond to Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond; student notebook, 1923 March 4-June 1, kept\n         at the University of Virginia Law School; Roll book, 1957\n         November 5, containing recollections of J. Lindsay Almond's\n         gubernatorial victory, collected by the Almond Booster Club of\n         Roanoke, Va.; and Guest register, 1958 April 22-1962 January\n         4, of visitors to the Governor's Mansion.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8 includes diplomas, certificates of membership in\n         various organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n         qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n         materials, and miscellaneous items received during Almond's\n         careers. Of special interest are his diploma from the\n         University of Virginia, 1923; his law license, 1921; a\n         certificate of appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs and\n         Patent Appeals, 1962, signed by John F. Kennedy and Robert P.\n         Kennedy; oath as Attorney General of Virginia, 1950;\n         certificate of election as Democratic Party candidate for\n         governor, 1957; and Virginia Senate Resolution No. 30 upon his\n         death. (Many items are oversized.)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9 contains miscellaneous and other papers, including\n         Almond family papers (will, 1956, of Edmonia Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond; letter, 1891, of W. W. Scott to T. W.\n         Almond); Almond family genealogical notes; funeral program for\n         I. T. Minter (d. 1934), father of Josephine (Minter) Almond;\n         writings about J. Lindsay Almond; original poetry and\n         Christmas greetings from friends; and minutes of meetings,\n         1974, of the Colon Club of Richmond, Va., a social club made\n         up of members of the Richmond business and political\n         elite.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 10 contains the papers of Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond. Subseries 10.1, Correspondence, 1942-1986,\n         consists chiefly letters expressing support for J. Lindsay\n         Almond's candidacy and election as governor, and of his\n         actions as governor. Also, personal and family correspondence.\n         Correspondents of note include Mildred Almond (concerning\n         strained relations between J. Lindsay Almond and his brother\n         over the care of their invalid mother), Jacqueline (Bouvier)\n         Kennedy Onassis, Lewis S. and Ted A. Minter, Woodrow T. Scurry\n         (of Roanoke, Va., a black man who spent time in prison and\n         credited Gov. Almond with helping him to turn his life\n         around), Wilbur Walker (concerning the Governor's schedule),\n         and Edith Galt Bolling Wilson (of Washington, D.C., discussing\n         Democratic politics and her relationship with the President\n         and Mrs. Kennedy). Subseries 10.2, Speeches, 1940-1983,\n         contains the text of speeches delivered by Mrs. Almond on\n         various occasions. Arranged chronologically where possible,\n         alphabetically by subject otherwise. Subseries 10.3., Other\n         papers, 1923-1974, includes notes for speeches, commonplace\n         containing poetry and prose, financial materials concerning\n         household expenses at the Governor's Mansion, guest lists for\n         planning events at the Governor's Mansion, notes for\n         interviews, scrapbooks, and awards.\u003c/p\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003eReal estate records, 1948-1964; loose accounts,\n               1958-1978; cancelled checks, 1960-1966; account book,\n               1962-1967; and miscellaneous, 1949 and n.d.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eDocument Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke\n                  City Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House\n                  of Representatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eDocument Almond's return to Virginia to serve as\n                  Attorney General.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eDocuments Almond's campaign for, election as, and\n                  service as governor of Virginia. Prominently\n                  mentioned is his fight against court-ordered\n                  desegregation of public schools.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries in many ways overlaps previous\n                  subseries but also includes a scrapbook concerning\n                  the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke, Va., of which\n                  Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given in\n                  Almond's honor.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eLetterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9; student notebook,\n                  1923 March 4-June 1, kept at UVA; roll book, 1957\n                  November 5, Almond Booster Club, Roanoke Va.; guest\n                  register, 1958 April 22-1962 January 4.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eDiplomas, certificates of membership in various\n               organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n               qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n               materials, and miscellaneous items received during\n               Almond's careers.\u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series 1 contains the non-official correspondence of J.\n         Lindsay Almond, Jr., 1925-1983, chiefly as governor and while\n         he was seeking a federal judgeship. Subjects mentioned include\n         concerns of constituents; recommendations of persons for\n         appointments by various state and local officials; the attempt\n         on Almond's life in April 1959; Almond's stand on school\n         desegregation (see the correspondence of Alburtis S. Harrison,\n         Jr., Charles L. Lady, and Sydney F. Small); and the efforts of\n         Almond's supporters to get him a position on the U.S. Court of\n         Patent Appeals (see the correspondence of George Edward Allen\n         (1885-1972), Miner Carl Andrews, Lester R. Bachner, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), James O. Eastland, Charles Rogers\n         Fenwick, Eppa Hunton IV, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Robert\n         Francis Kennedy, Marvin E. Nuckols, Jr., and A. Willis\n         Robertson). This appointment was blocked for almost a year by\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, a member of the Senate Judicial\n         Committee, who had broken with Almond over the latter's\n         apparent reversal of his support of school desegregation and\n         the policy of \"massive resistance.\" Also included is scattered\n         family correspondence, chiefly concerning the health of\n         Almond's mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess) Almond (d.\n         1966).","Series 2 contains speeches given on various occasions.\n         Subseries 2.1, Speeches by J. Lindsay Almond, are arranged\n         chronologically. See 1958-1960 for the bulk of speeches\n         concerning school desegregation. Subseries 2.2, Speeches by\n         Others, is arranged alphabetically by author.","Series 3 includes scattered financial and legal records,\n         1948-1978, of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., consisting of records of\n         sale and purchase of residential real estate in Roanoke and\n         Richmond, Va., loose accounts and papers including forms\n         relating to his employment as a federal judge, canceled\n         checks, an account book for his expenses relating to the last\n         illness and death of his mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess)\n         Almond (d. 1966) of Locust Grove, Va., and miscellaneous items\n         including an affidavit concerning the Virginia Senatorial\n         campaign of 1946 and its connection with the C.I.O. Political\n         Action Committee and a list of firearms owned by Mr.\n         Almond.","Series 4 includes scrapbooks, 1934-1963, containing chiefly\n         newspaper clippings from Richmond and Roanoke, Va., newspapers\n         documenting the various careers of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. The\n         volumes are arranged in four subseries as follows: Subseries\n         4.1 documents Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke City\n         Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House of\n         Representatives. Series 4.2 documents Almond's return to\n         Virginia to serve as Attorney General. Subseries 4.3 documents\n         Almond's campaign for, election as, and service as governor of\n         Virginia. Prominently mentioned is his fight against\n         court-ordered desegregation of public schools. Subseries 4.4\n         in many ways overlaps previous subseries but also includes a\n         scrapbook concerning the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke,\n         Va., of which Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given\n         in Almond's honor.","Series 5 consists of newspaper clippings, 1931-1987,\n         arranged chronologically, chiefly from Roanoke and Richmond,\n         Va., papers. Subjects include Almond's service as Attorney\n         General of Virginia, campaign for and election as Governor of\n         Virginia, the \"massive resistance\" movement, and the Almonds'\n         life after leaving office. See also: Oversize.","Series 6 contains brief biographical statements,\n         occasionally in resolution form. Some items were evidently\n         attached to letters of recommendation for various\n         appointments. Persons represented include: J. Lindsay Almond,\n         Josephine Katherine (Minter) Almond, Jerome M. Alper, Rufus\n         Adolphus Ayers, Leroy S. Bendheim, Charles Newton Bordwine,\n         Carter Lee Burgess, Mortimer Maxwell Caplin, Albert Edward\n         Cox, John Alvin Crogan, Constantine N. Dombalis, John H. East,\n         F. Howard Forsyth, Connie Barriot Gay, Edward Wren Hudgins,\n         Thomas G. Massie, Joe G. Matthews, Josephine (Umberger)\n         Minter, C. E. Myers, Andrew E. Newton, Gene A. Robens, Bradley\n         Roberts, William L. Saunders, Erwin Seago, Robert N. W. Welch,\n         and Elijah Brockenbrough White.","Series 7 contains non-scrapbook volumes. Subseries 7.1\n         consists of Almond's appointment registers, 1951-1961 (90 v.)\n         kept while he was Attorney General and Governor of Virginia.\n         Entries are short, often containing only the name of the\n         person visiting. Occasionally mention is made of subject\n         matter to be discussed. Almond's attendance at official\n         functions (including receptions, luncheons, conferences) is\n         also noted. Subseries 7.2 consists of miscellaneous volumes,\n         including a letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9, containing drafts\n         of letters from J. Lindsay Almond to Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond; student notebook, 1923 March 4-June 1, kept\n         at the University of Virginia Law School; Roll book, 1957\n         November 5, containing recollections of J. Lindsay Almond's\n         gubernatorial victory, collected by the Almond Booster Club of\n         Roanoke, Va.; and Guest register, 1958 April 22-1962 January\n         4, of visitors to the Governor's Mansion.","Series 8 includes diplomas, certificates of membership in\n         various organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n         qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n         materials, and miscellaneous items received during Almond's\n         careers. Of special interest are his diploma from the\n         University of Virginia, 1923; his law license, 1921; a\n         certificate of appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs and\n         Patent Appeals, 1962, signed by John F. Kennedy and Robert P.\n         Kennedy; oath as Attorney General of Virginia, 1950;\n         certificate of election as Democratic Party candidate for\n         governor, 1957; and Virginia Senate Resolution No. 30 upon his\n         death. (Many items are oversized.)","Series 9 contains miscellaneous and other papers, including\n         Almond family papers (will, 1956, of Edmonia Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond; letter, 1891, of W. W. Scott to T. W.\n         Almond); Almond family genealogical notes; funeral program for\n         I. T. Minter (d. 1934), father of Josephine (Minter) Almond;\n         writings about J. Lindsay Almond; original poetry and\n         Christmas greetings from friends; and minutes of meetings,\n         1974, of the Colon Club of Richmond, Va., a social club made\n         up of members of the Richmond business and political\n         elite.","Series 10 contains the papers of Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond. Subseries 10.1, Correspondence, 1942-1986,\n         consists chiefly letters expressing support for J. Lindsay\n         Almond's candidacy and election as governor, and of his\n         actions as governor. Also, personal and family correspondence.\n         Correspondents of note include Mildred Almond (concerning\n         strained relations between J. Lindsay Almond and his brother\n         over the care of their invalid mother), Jacqueline (Bouvier)\n         Kennedy Onassis, Lewis S. and Ted A. Minter, Woodrow T. Scurry\n         (of Roanoke, Va., a black man who spent time in prison and\n         credited Gov. Almond with helping him to turn his life\n         around), Wilbur Walker (concerning the Governor's schedule),\n         and Edith Galt Bolling Wilson (of Washington, D.C., discussing\n         Democratic politics and her relationship with the President\n         and Mrs. Kennedy). Subseries 10.2, Speeches, 1940-1983,\n         contains the text of speeches delivered by Mrs. Almond on\n         various occasions. Arranged chronologically where possible,\n         alphabetically by subject otherwise. Subseries 10.3., Other\n         papers, 1923-1974, includes notes for speeches, commonplace\n         containing poetry and prose, financial materials concerning\n         household expenses at the Governor's Mansion, guest lists for\n         planning events at the Governor's Mansion, notes for\n         interviews, scrapbooks, and awards.","Real estate records, 1948-1964; loose accounts,\n               1958-1978; cancelled checks, 1960-1966; account book,\n               1962-1967; and miscellaneous, 1949 and n.d.","Document Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke\n                  City Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House\n                  of Representatives.","Document Almond's return to Virginia to serve as\n                  Attorney General.","Documents Almond's campaign for, election as, and\n                  service as governor of Virginia. Prominently\n                  mentioned is his fight against court-ordered\n                  desegregation of public schools.","This subseries in many ways overlaps previous\n                  subseries but also includes a scrapbook concerning\n                  the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke, Va., of which\n                  Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given in\n                  Almond's honor.","Letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9; student notebook,\n                  1923 March 4-June 1, kept at UVA; roll book, 1957\n                  November 5, Almond Booster Club, Roanoke Va.; guest\n                  register, 1958 April 22-1962 January 4.","Diplomas, certificates of membership in various\n               organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n               qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n               materials, and miscellaneous items received during\n               Almond's careers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence, 1925-1983;\n         speeches, 1927-1979; financial and legal papers, 1948-1978;\n         scrapbooks, 1934-1963; newspaper clippings, 1931-1987;\n         miscellaneous volumes; certificates and awards. Correspondence\n         is non-official, but touches on Almond's term as Governor of\n         Virginia and on his appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs\n         and Patent Appeals. Scrapbooks and clippings document his\n         campaigns and terms as attorney general and governor of\n         Virginia, and contain a great deal of information on\n         Virginia's resistance to school desegregation. Also included\n         in the collection are correspondence, speeches, and\n         miscellaneous papers of Almond's wife, Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond (1901-1992), some of which concerns her\n         service as First Lady of Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, 1925-1983;\n         speeches, 1927-1979; financial and legal papers, 1948-1978;\n         scrapbooks, 1934-1963; newspaper clippings, 1931-1987;\n         miscellaneous volumes; certificates and awards. Correspondence\n         is non-official, but touches on Almond's term as Governor of\n         Virginia and on his appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs\n         and Patent Appeals. Scrapbooks and clippings document his\n         campaigns and terms as attorney general and governor of\n         Virginia, and contain a great deal of information on\n         Virginia's resistance to school desegregation. Also included\n         in the collection are correspondence, speeches, and\n         miscellaneous papers of Almond's wife, Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond (1901-1992), some of which concerns her\n         service as First Lady of Virginia."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:25.153Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00019","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00019","_root_":"vihi_vih00019","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00019","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00019.xml","title_ssm":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n         \n         1850-1987"],"title_tesim":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n         \n         1850-1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n         \n         1850-1987"],"text":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n         \n         1850-1987","Mss1 AL685 a FA2","Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay),\n         1898-1986.","Almond, Josephine Katherine Minter, 1901-\n         1992.","Byrd, Harry Flood, 1887-1966.","Democratic Party (Va.) -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Eastland, James O. (James Oliver),\n         1904-1986.","Governors' spouses -- Virginia -- Social life and\n         customs.","Harrison, Albertis S. (Albertis Sydney),\n         1907-1995.","Judges -- Appointment, qualifications, tenure,\n         etc.","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald),\n         1917-1963.","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968.","Political campaign -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Political oratory -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","School integration -- Virginia.","Scrapbooks -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Speeches, addresses, etc.","United States. Court of Customs and Patent\n         Appeals.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1950.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1951-","Virginia. Governor (1958-1962 : Almond)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney\n         General.","Women -- Virginia -- Political activity.","Women -- Virginia -- Social life and customs --\n         20th century.","2,8000 (ca.) items.","Collection is open for research.","Organized into ten series by material type. Correspondence\n         is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. Other materials\n         are arranged chronologically wherever possible.","Alphabetical by correspondent.","Alphabetical by correspondent.","Arranged chronologically where possible,\n                  alphabetically by subject otherwise.","James Lindsay Almond, Jr., was born June 15, 1898, in\n         Charlottesville, Va., the son of Lindsay and Eddie Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond. At an early age his family moved to a farm\n         in rural Orange County, Va. Almond entered the University of\n         Virginia in 1917 as a member of the Student Army Training\n         Corps but withdrew a year later and consequently served for a\n         year as principal of the Zoar High School near Roanoke, Va.,\n         1921- 1922. He then entered the University of Virginia School\n         of Law and earned his law degree in 1923. He had been admitted\n         to the Virginia Bar in 1921. He was in private practice as a\n         lawyer in Roanoke, Va., 1923- 1932, and quickly became known\n         for his handling of criminal cases.","A Democrat, Almond's interest in politics began in his\n         teens. His involvement with Democrat Harry Flood Byrd began in\n         1925, when Almond made several speeches in support of Byrd's\n         gubernatorial campaign. With Byrd's help, Almond was appointed\n         assistant Commonwealth's attorney for the city of Roanoke,\n         1930-1933, and a judge of the Roanoke Hustings court,\n         1933-1945. He was later appointed to the 79th U.S. Congress\n         and elected a member of the 80th U.S. Congress. The Virginia\n         Democratic Party, led by Harry F. Byrd, asked Almond to step\n         down from his Congressional seat and run for attorney general\n         of Virginia, to which position he was elected in 1948. He\n         served in this office until 1957, at which time he resigned to\n         run for governor of Virginia.","Both Almond's campaign for and service as governor were\n         dominated by Virginia's response to the Supreme Court's school\n         desegregation edict. As governor, he inherited a program of\n         \"massive resistance\" designed to halt school integration by\n         erecting a series of defensive obstacles. Realizing the\n         movement was doomed and if continued would potentially destroy\n         the Commonwealth's educational system, in January 1959 Almond\n         admitted defeat and established a commission to develop a plan\n         for the integration of Virginia's public schools. Almond's\n         reversal on this issue cost him the support of the Harry F.\n         Byrd and his many supporters.","Following Almond's term as governor, he was appointed by\n         President John F. Kennedy as an interim judge of the U.S.\n         Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Washington, D.C. With\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd on the Senate Judicial Committee,\n         it took much campaigning on the part of Almond's friends and\n         supporters to secure his official appointment to this post in\n         1963. He served as a member of this court until his retirement\n         in 1986.","J. Lindsay Almond married Josephine Katherine Minter\n         (1901-1992) in 1925. A native of Roanoke, Va., Mrs. Almond\n         attended Elizabeth College in Salem, Va., and received her\n         bachelor's degree in 1923 from Wittenberg University in Ohio.\n         The Almond's had no children, but raised Mrs. Almond's orphan\n         nephew, Lewis S. Minter, from infancy. Mr. Almond died April\n         14, 1986, and is buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Roanoke,\n         Va.","Series 1 contains the non-official correspondence of J.\n         Lindsay Almond, Jr., 1925-1983, chiefly as governor and while\n         he was seeking a federal judgeship. Subjects mentioned include\n         concerns of constituents; recommendations of persons for\n         appointments by various state and local officials; the attempt\n         on Almond's life in April 1959; Almond's stand on school\n         desegregation (see the correspondence of Alburtis S. Harrison,\n         Jr., Charles L. Lady, and Sydney F. Small); and the efforts of\n         Almond's supporters to get him a position on the U.S. Court of\n         Patent Appeals (see the correspondence of George Edward Allen\n         (1885-1972), Miner Carl Andrews, Lester R. Bachner, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), James O. Eastland, Charles Rogers\n         Fenwick, Eppa Hunton IV, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Robert\n         Francis Kennedy, Marvin E. Nuckols, Jr., and A. Willis\n         Robertson). This appointment was blocked for almost a year by\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, a member of the Senate Judicial\n         Committee, who had broken with Almond over the latter's\n         apparent reversal of his support of school desegregation and\n         the policy of \"massive resistance.\" Also included is scattered\n         family correspondence, chiefly concerning the health of\n         Almond's mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess) Almond (d.\n         1966).","Series 2 contains speeches given on various occasions.\n         Subseries 2.1, Speeches by J. Lindsay Almond, are arranged\n         chronologically. See 1958-1960 for the bulk of speeches\n         concerning school desegregation. Subseries 2.2, Speeches by\n         Others, is arranged alphabetically by author.","Series 3 includes scattered financial and legal records,\n         1948-1978, of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., consisting of records of\n         sale and purchase of residential real estate in Roanoke and\n         Richmond, Va., loose accounts and papers including forms\n         relating to his employment as a federal judge, canceled\n         checks, an account book for his expenses relating to the last\n         illness and death of his mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess)\n         Almond (d. 1966) of Locust Grove, Va., and miscellaneous items\n         including an affidavit concerning the Virginia Senatorial\n         campaign of 1946 and its connection with the C.I.O. Political\n         Action Committee and a list of firearms owned by Mr.\n         Almond.","Series 4 includes scrapbooks, 1934-1963, containing chiefly\n         newspaper clippings from Richmond and Roanoke, Va., newspapers\n         documenting the various careers of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. The\n         volumes are arranged in four subseries as follows: Subseries\n         4.1 documents Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke City\n         Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House of\n         Representatives. Series 4.2 documents Almond's return to\n         Virginia to serve as Attorney General. Subseries 4.3 documents\n         Almond's campaign for, election as, and service as governor of\n         Virginia. Prominently mentioned is his fight against\n         court-ordered desegregation of public schools. Subseries 4.4\n         in many ways overlaps previous subseries but also includes a\n         scrapbook concerning the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke,\n         Va., of which Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given\n         in Almond's honor.","Series 5 consists of newspaper clippings, 1931-1987,\n         arranged chronologically, chiefly from Roanoke and Richmond,\n         Va., papers. Subjects include Almond's service as Attorney\n         General of Virginia, campaign for and election as Governor of\n         Virginia, the \"massive resistance\" movement, and the Almonds'\n         life after leaving office. See also: Oversize.","Series 6 contains brief biographical statements,\n         occasionally in resolution form. Some items were evidently\n         attached to letters of recommendation for various\n         appointments. Persons represented include: J. Lindsay Almond,\n         Josephine Katherine (Minter) Almond, Jerome M. Alper, Rufus\n         Adolphus Ayers, Leroy S. Bendheim, Charles Newton Bordwine,\n         Carter Lee Burgess, Mortimer Maxwell Caplin, Albert Edward\n         Cox, John Alvin Crogan, Constantine N. Dombalis, John H. East,\n         F. Howard Forsyth, Connie Barriot Gay, Edward Wren Hudgins,\n         Thomas G. Massie, Joe G. Matthews, Josephine (Umberger)\n         Minter, C. E. Myers, Andrew E. Newton, Gene A. Robens, Bradley\n         Roberts, William L. Saunders, Erwin Seago, Robert N. W. Welch,\n         and Elijah Brockenbrough White.","Series 7 contains non-scrapbook volumes. Subseries 7.1\n         consists of Almond's appointment registers, 1951-1961 (90 v.)\n         kept while he was Attorney General and Governor of Virginia.\n         Entries are short, often containing only the name of the\n         person visiting. Occasionally mention is made of subject\n         matter to be discussed. Almond's attendance at official\n         functions (including receptions, luncheons, conferences) is\n         also noted. Subseries 7.2 consists of miscellaneous volumes,\n         including a letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9, containing drafts\n         of letters from J. Lindsay Almond to Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond; student notebook, 1923 March 4-June 1, kept\n         at the University of Virginia Law School; Roll book, 1957\n         November 5, containing recollections of J. Lindsay Almond's\n         gubernatorial victory, collected by the Almond Booster Club of\n         Roanoke, Va.; and Guest register, 1958 April 22-1962 January\n         4, of visitors to the Governor's Mansion.","Series 8 includes diplomas, certificates of membership in\n         various organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n         qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n         materials, and miscellaneous items received during Almond's\n         careers. Of special interest are his diploma from the\n         University of Virginia, 1923; his law license, 1921; a\n         certificate of appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs and\n         Patent Appeals, 1962, signed by John F. Kennedy and Robert P.\n         Kennedy; oath as Attorney General of Virginia, 1950;\n         certificate of election as Democratic Party candidate for\n         governor, 1957; and Virginia Senate Resolution No. 30 upon his\n         death. (Many items are oversized.)","Series 9 contains miscellaneous and other papers, including\n         Almond family papers (will, 1956, of Edmonia Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond; letter, 1891, of W. W. Scott to T. W.\n         Almond); Almond family genealogical notes; funeral program for\n         I. T. Minter (d. 1934), father of Josephine (Minter) Almond;\n         writings about J. Lindsay Almond; original poetry and\n         Christmas greetings from friends; and minutes of meetings,\n         1974, of the Colon Club of Richmond, Va., a social club made\n         up of members of the Richmond business and political\n         elite.","Series 10 contains the papers of Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond. Subseries 10.1, Correspondence, 1942-1986,\n         consists chiefly letters expressing support for J. Lindsay\n         Almond's candidacy and election as governor, and of his\n         actions as governor. Also, personal and family correspondence.\n         Correspondents of note include Mildred Almond (concerning\n         strained relations between J. Lindsay Almond and his brother\n         over the care of their invalid mother), Jacqueline (Bouvier)\n         Kennedy Onassis, Lewis S. and Ted A. Minter, Woodrow T. Scurry\n         (of Roanoke, Va., a black man who spent time in prison and\n         credited Gov. Almond with helping him to turn his life\n         around), Wilbur Walker (concerning the Governor's schedule),\n         and Edith Galt Bolling Wilson (of Washington, D.C., discussing\n         Democratic politics and her relationship with the President\n         and Mrs. Kennedy). Subseries 10.2, Speeches, 1940-1983,\n         contains the text of speeches delivered by Mrs. Almond on\n         various occasions. Arranged chronologically where possible,\n         alphabetically by subject otherwise. Subseries 10.3., Other\n         papers, 1923-1974, includes notes for speeches, commonplace\n         containing poetry and prose, financial materials concerning\n         household expenses at the Governor's Mansion, guest lists for\n         planning events at the Governor's Mansion, notes for\n         interviews, scrapbooks, and awards.","Real estate records, 1948-1964; loose accounts,\n               1958-1978; cancelled checks, 1960-1966; account book,\n               1962-1967; and miscellaneous, 1949 and n.d.","Document Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke\n                  City Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House\n                  of Representatives.","Document Almond's return to Virginia to serve as\n                  Attorney General.","Documents Almond's campaign for, election as, and\n                  service as governor of Virginia. Prominently\n                  mentioned is his fight against court-ordered\n                  desegregation of public schools.","This subseries in many ways overlaps previous\n                  subseries but also includes a scrapbook concerning\n                  the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke, Va., of which\n                  Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given in\n                  Almond's honor.","Letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9; student notebook,\n                  1923 March 4-June 1, kept at UVA; roll book, 1957\n                  November 5, Almond Booster Club, Roanoke Va.; guest\n                  register, 1958 April 22-1962 January 4.","Diplomas, certificates of membership in various\n               organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n               qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n               materials, and miscellaneous items received during\n               Almond's careers.","There are no restrictions.","Correspondence, 1925-1983;\n         speeches, 1927-1979; financial and legal papers, 1948-1978;\n         scrapbooks, 1934-1963; newspaper clippings, 1931-1987;\n         miscellaneous volumes; certificates and awards. Correspondence\n         is non-official, but touches on Almond's term as Governor of\n         Virginia and on his appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs\n         and Patent Appeals. Scrapbooks and clippings document his\n         campaigns and terms as attorney general and governor of\n         Virginia, and contain a great deal of information on\n         Virginia's resistance to school desegregation. Also included\n         in the collection are correspondence, speeches, and\n         miscellaneous papers of Almond's wife, Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond (1901-1992), some of which concerns her\n         service as First Lady of Virginia.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n         \n         1850-1987"],"collection_ssim":["J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., Papers \n         \n         1850-1987"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 AL685 a FA2"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 AL685 a FA2"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the estate of Josephine Katherine (Minter)\n            Almond, through the courtesy of Lewis S. Minter, in\n            1992."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay),\n         1898-1986.","Almond, Josephine Katherine Minter, 1901-\n         1992.","Byrd, Harry Flood, 1887-1966.","Democratic Party (Va.) -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Eastland, James O. (James Oliver),\n         1904-1986.","Governors' spouses -- Virginia -- Social life and\n         customs.","Harrison, Albertis S. (Albertis Sydney),\n         1907-1995.","Judges -- Appointment, qualifications, tenure,\n         etc.","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald),\n         1917-1963.","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968.","Political campaign -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Political oratory -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","School integration -- Virginia.","Scrapbooks -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Speeches, addresses, etc.","United States. Court of Customs and Patent\n         Appeals.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1950.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1951-","Virginia. Governor (1958-1962 : Almond)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney\n         General.","Women -- Virginia -- Political activity.","Women -- Virginia -- Social life and customs --\n         20th century."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Almond, J. Lindsay (James Lindsay),\n         1898-1986.","Almond, Josephine Katherine Minter, 1901-\n         1992.","Byrd, Harry Flood, 1887-1966.","Democratic Party (Va.) -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Eastland, James O. (James Oliver),\n         1904-1986.","Governors' spouses -- Virginia -- Social life and\n         customs.","Harrison, Albertis S. (Albertis Sydney),\n         1907-1995.","Judges -- Appointment, qualifications, tenure,\n         etc.","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald),\n         1917-1963.","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968.","Political campaign -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Political oratory -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","School integration -- Virginia.","Scrapbooks -- Virginia -- History -- 20th\n         century.","Speeches, addresses, etc.","United States. Court of Customs and Patent\n         Appeals.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1950.","Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1951-","Virginia. Governor (1958-1962 : Almond)","Virginia. Office of the Attorney\n         General.","Women -- Virginia -- Political activity.","Women -- Virginia -- Social life and customs --\n         20th century."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["2,8000 (ca.) items."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into ten series by material type. Correspondence\n         is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. Other materials\n         are arranged chronologically wherever possible.\u003c/p\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical by correspondent.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical by correspondent.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically where possible,\n                  alphabetically by subject otherwise.\u003c/p\u003e\n          "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into ten series by material type. Correspondence\n         is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. Other materials\n         are arranged chronologically wherever possible.","Alphabetical by correspondent.","Alphabetical by correspondent.","Arranged chronologically where possible,\n                  alphabetically by subject otherwise."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Lindsay Almond, Jr., was born June 15, 1898, in\n         Charlottesville, Va., the son of Lindsay and Eddie Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond. At an early age his family moved to a farm\n         in rural Orange County, Va. Almond entered the University of\n         Virginia in 1917 as a member of the Student Army Training\n         Corps but withdrew a year later and consequently served for a\n         year as principal of the Zoar High School near Roanoke, Va.,\n         1921- 1922. He then entered the University of Virginia School\n         of Law and earned his law degree in 1923. He had been admitted\n         to the Virginia Bar in 1921. He was in private practice as a\n         lawyer in Roanoke, Va., 1923- 1932, and quickly became known\n         for his handling of criminal cases.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eA Democrat, Almond's interest in politics began in his\n         teens. His involvement with Democrat Harry Flood Byrd began in\n         1925, when Almond made several speeches in support of Byrd's\n         gubernatorial campaign. With Byrd's help, Almond was appointed\n         assistant Commonwealth's attorney for the city of Roanoke,\n         1930-1933, and a judge of the Roanoke Hustings court,\n         1933-1945. He was later appointed to the 79th U.S. Congress\n         and elected a member of the 80th U.S. Congress. The Virginia\n         Democratic Party, led by Harry F. Byrd, asked Almond to step\n         down from his Congressional seat and run for attorney general\n         of Virginia, to which position he was elected in 1948. He\n         served in this office until 1957, at which time he resigned to\n         run for governor of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBoth Almond's campaign for and service as governor were\n         dominated by Virginia's response to the Supreme Court's school\n         desegregation edict. As governor, he inherited a program of\n         \"massive resistance\" designed to halt school integration by\n         erecting a series of defensive obstacles. Realizing the\n         movement was doomed and if continued would potentially destroy\n         the Commonwealth's educational system, in January 1959 Almond\n         admitted defeat and established a commission to develop a plan\n         for the integration of Virginia's public schools. Almond's\n         reversal on this issue cost him the support of the Harry F.\n         Byrd and his many supporters.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFollowing Almond's term as governor, he was appointed by\n         President John F. Kennedy as an interim judge of the U.S.\n         Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Washington, D.C. With\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd on the Senate Judicial Committee,\n         it took much campaigning on the part of Almond's friends and\n         supporters to secure his official appointment to this post in\n         1963. He served as a member of this court until his retirement\n         in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJ. Lindsay Almond married Josephine Katherine Minter\n         (1901-1992) in 1925. A native of Roanoke, Va., Mrs. Almond\n         attended Elizabeth College in Salem, Va., and received her\n         bachelor's degree in 1923 from Wittenberg University in Ohio.\n         The Almond's had no children, but raised Mrs. Almond's orphan\n         nephew, Lewis S. Minter, from infancy. Mr. Almond died April\n         14, 1986, and is buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Roanoke,\n         Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Lindsay Almond, Jr., was born June 15, 1898, in\n         Charlottesville, Va., the son of Lindsay and Eddie Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond. At an early age his family moved to a farm\n         in rural Orange County, Va. Almond entered the University of\n         Virginia in 1917 as a member of the Student Army Training\n         Corps but withdrew a year later and consequently served for a\n         year as principal of the Zoar High School near Roanoke, Va.,\n         1921- 1922. He then entered the University of Virginia School\n         of Law and earned his law degree in 1923. He had been admitted\n         to the Virginia Bar in 1921. He was in private practice as a\n         lawyer in Roanoke, Va., 1923- 1932, and quickly became known\n         for his handling of criminal cases.","A Democrat, Almond's interest in politics began in his\n         teens. His involvement with Democrat Harry Flood Byrd began in\n         1925, when Almond made several speeches in support of Byrd's\n         gubernatorial campaign. With Byrd's help, Almond was appointed\n         assistant Commonwealth's attorney for the city of Roanoke,\n         1930-1933, and a judge of the Roanoke Hustings court,\n         1933-1945. He was later appointed to the 79th U.S. Congress\n         and elected a member of the 80th U.S. Congress. The Virginia\n         Democratic Party, led by Harry F. Byrd, asked Almond to step\n         down from his Congressional seat and run for attorney general\n         of Virginia, to which position he was elected in 1948. He\n         served in this office until 1957, at which time he resigned to\n         run for governor of Virginia.","Both Almond's campaign for and service as governor were\n         dominated by Virginia's response to the Supreme Court's school\n         desegregation edict. As governor, he inherited a program of\n         \"massive resistance\" designed to halt school integration by\n         erecting a series of defensive obstacles. Realizing the\n         movement was doomed and if continued would potentially destroy\n         the Commonwealth's educational system, in January 1959 Almond\n         admitted defeat and established a commission to develop a plan\n         for the integration of Virginia's public schools. Almond's\n         reversal on this issue cost him the support of the Harry F.\n         Byrd and his many supporters.","Following Almond's term as governor, he was appointed by\n         President John F. Kennedy as an interim judge of the U.S.\n         Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, Washington, D.C. With\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd on the Senate Judicial Committee,\n         it took much campaigning on the part of Almond's friends and\n         supporters to secure his official appointment to this post in\n         1963. He served as a member of this court until his retirement\n         in 1986.","J. Lindsay Almond married Josephine Katherine Minter\n         (1901-1992) in 1925. A native of Roanoke, Va., Mrs. Almond\n         attended Elizabeth College in Salem, Va., and received her\n         bachelor's degree in 1923 from Wittenberg University in Ohio.\n         The Almond's had no children, but raised Mrs. Almond's orphan\n         nephew, Lewis S. Minter, from infancy. Mr. Almond died April\n         14, 1986, and is buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Roanoke,\n         Va."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJ. Lindsay Almond Papers, 1850-1987 (Mss1 AL685 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["J. Lindsay Almond Papers, 1850-1987 (Mss1 AL685 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains the non-official correspondence of J.\n         Lindsay Almond, Jr., 1925-1983, chiefly as governor and while\n         he was seeking a federal judgeship. Subjects mentioned include\n         concerns of constituents; recommendations of persons for\n         appointments by various state and local officials; the attempt\n         on Almond's life in April 1959; Almond's stand on school\n         desegregation (see the correspondence of Alburtis S. Harrison,\n         Jr., Charles L. Lady, and Sydney F. Small); and the efforts of\n         Almond's supporters to get him a position on the U.S. Court of\n         Patent Appeals (see the correspondence of George Edward Allen\n         (1885-1972), Miner Carl Andrews, Lester R. Bachner, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), James O. Eastland, Charles Rogers\n         Fenwick, Eppa Hunton IV, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Robert\n         Francis Kennedy, Marvin E. Nuckols, Jr., and A. Willis\n         Robertson). This appointment was blocked for almost a year by\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, a member of the Senate Judicial\n         Committee, who had broken with Almond over the latter's\n         apparent reversal of his support of school desegregation and\n         the policy of \"massive resistance.\" Also included is scattered\n         family correspondence, chiefly concerning the health of\n         Almond's mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess) Almond (d.\n         1966).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains speeches given on various occasions.\n         Subseries 2.1, Speeches by J. Lindsay Almond, are arranged\n         chronologically. See 1958-1960 for the bulk of speeches\n         concerning school desegregation. Subseries 2.2, Speeches by\n         Others, is arranged alphabetically by author.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 includes scattered financial and legal records,\n         1948-1978, of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., consisting of records of\n         sale and purchase of residential real estate in Roanoke and\n         Richmond, Va., loose accounts and papers including forms\n         relating to his employment as a federal judge, canceled\n         checks, an account book for his expenses relating to the last\n         illness and death of his mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess)\n         Almond (d. 1966) of Locust Grove, Va., and miscellaneous items\n         including an affidavit concerning the Virginia Senatorial\n         campaign of 1946 and its connection with the C.I.O. Political\n         Action Committee and a list of firearms owned by Mr.\n         Almond.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 includes scrapbooks, 1934-1963, containing chiefly\n         newspaper clippings from Richmond and Roanoke, Va., newspapers\n         documenting the various careers of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. The\n         volumes are arranged in four subseries as follows: Subseries\n         4.1 documents Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke City\n         Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House of\n         Representatives. Series 4.2 documents Almond's return to\n         Virginia to serve as Attorney General. Subseries 4.3 documents\n         Almond's campaign for, election as, and service as governor of\n         Virginia. Prominently mentioned is his fight against\n         court-ordered desegregation of public schools. Subseries 4.4\n         in many ways overlaps previous subseries but also includes a\n         scrapbook concerning the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke,\n         Va., of which Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given\n         in Almond's honor.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5 consists of newspaper clippings, 1931-1987,\n         arranged chronologically, chiefly from Roanoke and Richmond,\n         Va., papers. Subjects include Almond's service as Attorney\n         General of Virginia, campaign for and election as Governor of\n         Virginia, the \"massive resistance\" movement, and the Almonds'\n         life after leaving office. See also: Oversize.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6 contains brief biographical statements,\n         occasionally in resolution form. Some items were evidently\n         attached to letters of recommendation for various\n         appointments. Persons represented include: J. Lindsay Almond,\n         Josephine Katherine (Minter) Almond, Jerome M. Alper, Rufus\n         Adolphus Ayers, Leroy S. Bendheim, Charles Newton Bordwine,\n         Carter Lee Burgess, Mortimer Maxwell Caplin, Albert Edward\n         Cox, John Alvin Crogan, Constantine N. Dombalis, John H. East,\n         F. Howard Forsyth, Connie Barriot Gay, Edward Wren Hudgins,\n         Thomas G. Massie, Joe G. Matthews, Josephine (Umberger)\n         Minter, C. E. Myers, Andrew E. Newton, Gene A. Robens, Bradley\n         Roberts, William L. Saunders, Erwin Seago, Robert N. W. Welch,\n         and Elijah Brockenbrough White.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7 contains non-scrapbook volumes. Subseries 7.1\n         consists of Almond's appointment registers, 1951-1961 (90 v.)\n         kept while he was Attorney General and Governor of Virginia.\n         Entries are short, often containing only the name of the\n         person visiting. Occasionally mention is made of subject\n         matter to be discussed. Almond's attendance at official\n         functions (including receptions, luncheons, conferences) is\n         also noted. Subseries 7.2 consists of miscellaneous volumes,\n         including a letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9, containing drafts\n         of letters from J. Lindsay Almond to Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond; student notebook, 1923 March 4-June 1, kept\n         at the University of Virginia Law School; Roll book, 1957\n         November 5, containing recollections of J. Lindsay Almond's\n         gubernatorial victory, collected by the Almond Booster Club of\n         Roanoke, Va.; and Guest register, 1958 April 22-1962 January\n         4, of visitors to the Governor's Mansion.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8 includes diplomas, certificates of membership in\n         various organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n         qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n         materials, and miscellaneous items received during Almond's\n         careers. Of special interest are his diploma from the\n         University of Virginia, 1923; his law license, 1921; a\n         certificate of appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs and\n         Patent Appeals, 1962, signed by John F. Kennedy and Robert P.\n         Kennedy; oath as Attorney General of Virginia, 1950;\n         certificate of election as Democratic Party candidate for\n         governor, 1957; and Virginia Senate Resolution No. 30 upon his\n         death. (Many items are oversized.)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9 contains miscellaneous and other papers, including\n         Almond family papers (will, 1956, of Edmonia Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond; letter, 1891, of W. W. Scott to T. W.\n         Almond); Almond family genealogical notes; funeral program for\n         I. T. Minter (d. 1934), father of Josephine (Minter) Almond;\n         writings about J. Lindsay Almond; original poetry and\n         Christmas greetings from friends; and minutes of meetings,\n         1974, of the Colon Club of Richmond, Va., a social club made\n         up of members of the Richmond business and political\n         elite.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 10 contains the papers of Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond. Subseries 10.1, Correspondence, 1942-1986,\n         consists chiefly letters expressing support for J. Lindsay\n         Almond's candidacy and election as governor, and of his\n         actions as governor. Also, personal and family correspondence.\n         Correspondents of note include Mildred Almond (concerning\n         strained relations between J. Lindsay Almond and his brother\n         over the care of their invalid mother), Jacqueline (Bouvier)\n         Kennedy Onassis, Lewis S. and Ted A. Minter, Woodrow T. Scurry\n         (of Roanoke, Va., a black man who spent time in prison and\n         credited Gov. Almond with helping him to turn his life\n         around), Wilbur Walker (concerning the Governor's schedule),\n         and Edith Galt Bolling Wilson (of Washington, D.C., discussing\n         Democratic politics and her relationship with the President\n         and Mrs. Kennedy). Subseries 10.2, Speeches, 1940-1983,\n         contains the text of speeches delivered by Mrs. Almond on\n         various occasions. Arranged chronologically where possible,\n         alphabetically by subject otherwise. Subseries 10.3., Other\n         papers, 1923-1974, includes notes for speeches, commonplace\n         containing poetry and prose, financial materials concerning\n         household expenses at the Governor's Mansion, guest lists for\n         planning events at the Governor's Mansion, notes for\n         interviews, scrapbooks, and awards.\u003c/p\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003eReal estate records, 1948-1964; loose accounts,\n               1958-1978; cancelled checks, 1960-1966; account book,\n               1962-1967; and miscellaneous, 1949 and n.d.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eDocument Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke\n                  City Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House\n                  of Representatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eDocument Almond's return to Virginia to serve as\n                  Attorney General.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eDocuments Almond's campaign for, election as, and\n                  service as governor of Virginia. Prominently\n                  mentioned is his fight against court-ordered\n                  desegregation of public schools.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries in many ways overlaps previous\n                  subseries but also includes a scrapbook concerning\n                  the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke, Va., of which\n                  Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given in\n                  Almond's honor.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eLetterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9; student notebook,\n                  1923 March 4-June 1, kept at UVA; roll book, 1957\n                  November 5, Almond Booster Club, Roanoke Va.; guest\n                  register, 1958 April 22-1962 January 4.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eDiplomas, certificates of membership in various\n               organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n               qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n               materials, and miscellaneous items received during\n               Almond's careers.\u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series 1 contains the non-official correspondence of J.\n         Lindsay Almond, Jr., 1925-1983, chiefly as governor and while\n         he was seeking a federal judgeship. Subjects mentioned include\n         concerns of constituents; recommendations of persons for\n         appointments by various state and local officials; the attempt\n         on Almond's life in April 1959; Almond's stand on school\n         desegregation (see the correspondence of Alburtis S. Harrison,\n         Jr., Charles L. Lady, and Sydney F. Small); and the efforts of\n         Almond's supporters to get him a position on the U.S. Court of\n         Patent Appeals (see the correspondence of George Edward Allen\n         (1885-1972), Miner Carl Andrews, Lester R. Bachner, Harry\n         Flood Byrd (1887-1966), James O. Eastland, Charles Rogers\n         Fenwick, Eppa Hunton IV, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Robert\n         Francis Kennedy, Marvin E. Nuckols, Jr., and A. Willis\n         Robertson). This appointment was blocked for almost a year by\n         U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, a member of the Senate Judicial\n         Committee, who had broken with Almond over the latter's\n         apparent reversal of his support of school desegregation and\n         the policy of \"massive resistance.\" Also included is scattered\n         family correspondence, chiefly concerning the health of\n         Almond's mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess) Almond (d.\n         1966).","Series 2 contains speeches given on various occasions.\n         Subseries 2.1, Speeches by J. Lindsay Almond, are arranged\n         chronologically. See 1958-1960 for the bulk of speeches\n         concerning school desegregation. Subseries 2.2, Speeches by\n         Others, is arranged alphabetically by author.","Series 3 includes scattered financial and legal records,\n         1948-1978, of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr., consisting of records of\n         sale and purchase of residential real estate in Roanoke and\n         Richmond, Va., loose accounts and papers including forms\n         relating to his employment as a federal judge, canceled\n         checks, an account book for his expenses relating to the last\n         illness and death of his mother, Edmonia Nicholas (Burgess)\n         Almond (d. 1966) of Locust Grove, Va., and miscellaneous items\n         including an affidavit concerning the Virginia Senatorial\n         campaign of 1946 and its connection with the C.I.O. Political\n         Action Committee and a list of firearms owned by Mr.\n         Almond.","Series 4 includes scrapbooks, 1934-1963, containing chiefly\n         newspaper clippings from Richmond and Roanoke, Va., newspapers\n         documenting the various careers of J. Lindsay Almond, Jr. The\n         volumes are arranged in four subseries as follows: Subseries\n         4.1 documents Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke City\n         Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House of\n         Representatives. Series 4.2 documents Almond's return to\n         Virginia to serve as Attorney General. Subseries 4.3 documents\n         Almond's campaign for, election as, and service as governor of\n         Virginia. Prominently mentioned is his fight against\n         court-ordered desegregation of public schools. Subseries 4.4\n         in many ways overlaps previous subseries but also includes a\n         scrapbook concerning the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke,\n         Va., of which Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given\n         in Almond's honor.","Series 5 consists of newspaper clippings, 1931-1987,\n         arranged chronologically, chiefly from Roanoke and Richmond,\n         Va., papers. Subjects include Almond's service as Attorney\n         General of Virginia, campaign for and election as Governor of\n         Virginia, the \"massive resistance\" movement, and the Almonds'\n         life after leaving office. See also: Oversize.","Series 6 contains brief biographical statements,\n         occasionally in resolution form. Some items were evidently\n         attached to letters of recommendation for various\n         appointments. Persons represented include: J. Lindsay Almond,\n         Josephine Katherine (Minter) Almond, Jerome M. Alper, Rufus\n         Adolphus Ayers, Leroy S. Bendheim, Charles Newton Bordwine,\n         Carter Lee Burgess, Mortimer Maxwell Caplin, Albert Edward\n         Cox, John Alvin Crogan, Constantine N. Dombalis, John H. East,\n         F. Howard Forsyth, Connie Barriot Gay, Edward Wren Hudgins,\n         Thomas G. Massie, Joe G. Matthews, Josephine (Umberger)\n         Minter, C. E. Myers, Andrew E. Newton, Gene A. Robens, Bradley\n         Roberts, William L. Saunders, Erwin Seago, Robert N. W. Welch,\n         and Elijah Brockenbrough White.","Series 7 contains non-scrapbook volumes. Subseries 7.1\n         consists of Almond's appointment registers, 1951-1961 (90 v.)\n         kept while he was Attorney General and Governor of Virginia.\n         Entries are short, often containing only the name of the\n         person visiting. Occasionally mention is made of subject\n         matter to be discussed. Almond's attendance at official\n         functions (including receptions, luncheons, conferences) is\n         also noted. Subseries 7.2 consists of miscellaneous volumes,\n         including a letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9, containing drafts\n         of letters from J. Lindsay Almond to Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond; student notebook, 1923 March 4-June 1, kept\n         at the University of Virginia Law School; Roll book, 1957\n         November 5, containing recollections of J. Lindsay Almond's\n         gubernatorial victory, collected by the Almond Booster Club of\n         Roanoke, Va.; and Guest register, 1958 April 22-1962 January\n         4, of visitors to the Governor's Mansion.","Series 8 includes diplomas, certificates of membership in\n         various organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n         qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n         materials, and miscellaneous items received during Almond's\n         careers. Of special interest are his diploma from the\n         University of Virginia, 1923; his law license, 1921; a\n         certificate of appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs and\n         Patent Appeals, 1962, signed by John F. Kennedy and Robert P.\n         Kennedy; oath as Attorney General of Virginia, 1950;\n         certificate of election as Democratic Party candidate for\n         governor, 1957; and Virginia Senate Resolution No. 30 upon his\n         death. (Many items are oversized.)","Series 9 contains miscellaneous and other papers, including\n         Almond family papers (will, 1956, of Edmonia Nicholas\n         (Burgess) Almond; letter, 1891, of W. W. Scott to T. W.\n         Almond); Almond family genealogical notes; funeral program for\n         I. T. Minter (d. 1934), father of Josephine (Minter) Almond;\n         writings about J. Lindsay Almond; original poetry and\n         Christmas greetings from friends; and minutes of meetings,\n         1974, of the Colon Club of Richmond, Va., a social club made\n         up of members of the Richmond business and political\n         elite.","Series 10 contains the papers of Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond. Subseries 10.1, Correspondence, 1942-1986,\n         consists chiefly letters expressing support for J. Lindsay\n         Almond's candidacy and election as governor, and of his\n         actions as governor. Also, personal and family correspondence.\n         Correspondents of note include Mildred Almond (concerning\n         strained relations between J. Lindsay Almond and his brother\n         over the care of their invalid mother), Jacqueline (Bouvier)\n         Kennedy Onassis, Lewis S. and Ted A. Minter, Woodrow T. Scurry\n         (of Roanoke, Va., a black man who spent time in prison and\n         credited Gov. Almond with helping him to turn his life\n         around), Wilbur Walker (concerning the Governor's schedule),\n         and Edith Galt Bolling Wilson (of Washington, D.C., discussing\n         Democratic politics and her relationship with the President\n         and Mrs. Kennedy). Subseries 10.2, Speeches, 1940-1983,\n         contains the text of speeches delivered by Mrs. Almond on\n         various occasions. Arranged chronologically where possible,\n         alphabetically by subject otherwise. Subseries 10.3., Other\n         papers, 1923-1974, includes notes for speeches, commonplace\n         containing poetry and prose, financial materials concerning\n         household expenses at the Governor's Mansion, guest lists for\n         planning events at the Governor's Mansion, notes for\n         interviews, scrapbooks, and awards.","Real estate records, 1948-1964; loose accounts,\n               1958-1978; cancelled checks, 1960-1966; account book,\n               1962-1967; and miscellaneous, 1949 and n.d.","Document Almond's career as a judge of the Roanoke\n                  City Hustings Court and as a member of the U.S. House\n                  of Representatives.","Document Almond's return to Virginia to serve as\n                  Attorney General.","Documents Almond's campaign for, election as, and\n                  service as governor of Virginia. Prominently\n                  mentioned is his fight against court-ordered\n                  desegregation of public schools.","This subseries in many ways overlaps previous\n                  subseries but also includes a scrapbook concerning\n                  the Roanoke Racing Homer Club, Roanoke, Va., of which\n                  Almond was a member, and a 1963 barbecue given in\n                  Almond's honor.","Letterbook, 1919 April 30-May 9; student notebook,\n                  1923 March 4-June 1, kept at UVA; roll book, 1957\n                  November 5, Almond Booster Club, Roanoke Va.; guest\n                  register, 1958 April 22-1962 January 4.","Diplomas, certificates of membership in various\n               organizations, law licenses and certificates of\n               qualification to appear before various courts, masonic\n               materials, and miscellaneous items received during\n               Almond's careers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence, 1925-1983;\n         speeches, 1927-1979; financial and legal papers, 1948-1978;\n         scrapbooks, 1934-1963; newspaper clippings, 1931-1987;\n         miscellaneous volumes; certificates and awards. Correspondence\n         is non-official, but touches on Almond's term as Governor of\n         Virginia and on his appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs\n         and Patent Appeals. Scrapbooks and clippings document his\n         campaigns and terms as attorney general and governor of\n         Virginia, and contain a great deal of information on\n         Virginia's resistance to school desegregation. Also included\n         in the collection are correspondence, speeches, and\n         miscellaneous papers of Almond's wife, Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond (1901-1992), some of which concerns her\n         service as First Lady of Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, 1925-1983;\n         speeches, 1927-1979; financial and legal papers, 1948-1978;\n         scrapbooks, 1934-1963; newspaper clippings, 1931-1987;\n         miscellaneous volumes; certificates and awards. Correspondence\n         is non-official, but touches on Almond's term as Governor of\n         Virginia and on his appointment to the U.S. Court of Customs\n         and Patent Appeals. Scrapbooks and clippings document his\n         campaigns and terms as attorney general and governor of\n         Virginia, and contain a great deal of information on\n         Virginia's resistance to school desegregation. Also included\n         in the collection are correspondence, speeches, and\n         miscellaneous papers of Almond's wife, Josephine Katherine\n         (Minter) Almond (1901-1992), some of which concerns her\n         service as First Lady of Virginia."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:25.153Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00019"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_4234","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John C. Hensell Papers, 1850/1860","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_4234#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSermon notes and sermons of Rev. John C. Hensell (b. 1809) of Middlebrook, Augusta County, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_4234#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_4234","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_4234","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_4234","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_4234","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_4234.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hensell, John C. papers","title_ssm":["John C. Hensell Papers"],"title_tesim":["John C. Hensell Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1850-1860"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1850-1860"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1860"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John C. Hensell Papers, 1850/1860"],"text":["John C. Hensell Papers, 1850/1860","Mss. 39.2 H42","/repositories/2/resources/4234","Augusta County (Va.)--History--19th century","Virginia--Religious history","Clergy","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","See also:","Mss. MsV Ch4: John C. Hensell Memorandum Book, 1835-1858 and","Mss. MsV Se2: John C. Hensell's Book of Skeletons, 1837","Sermon notes and sermons of Rev. John C. Hensell (b. 1809) of Middlebrook, Augusta County, Va.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John C. Hensell Papers, 1850/1860"],"collection_ssim":["John C. Hensell Papers, 1850/1860"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 39.2 H42","/repositories/2/resources/4234"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 39.2 H42","/repositories/2/resources/4234"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.)--History--19th century","Virginia--Religious history"],"geogname_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)--History--19th century","Virginia--Religious history"],"places_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)--History--19th century","Virginia--Religious history"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Clergy","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Clergy","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Speeches, addresses, etc."],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn C. Hensell Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John C. 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A Special Collections Research Center staff member must review the collection for restricted material before any researchers may use the collection. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection contains material which may be restricted related to personnel matters, student records, or other reasons. A Special Collections Research Center staff member must review the collection for restricted material before any researchers may use the collection. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn M. Levy was professor in the Law School at the College of William and Mary from 1976-2002. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/John_M._Levy\" title=\"John M. Levy\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John M. Levy was professor in the Law School at the College of William and Mary from 1976-2002. 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Box 2 contains notebooks of class notes.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_4257#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_4257","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_4257","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_4257","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_4257","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_4257.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Carter, John Paul Papers","title_ssm":["John Paul Carter Papers"],"title_tesim":["John Paul Carter Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1941-1944","1941-1944"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941-1944"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1941-1944"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1941/1944, bulk 1941/1944"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Paul Carter Papers, 1941/1944, bulk 1941/1944"],"text":["John Paul Carter Papers, 1941/1944, bulk 1941/1944","UA 5.097","/repositories/2/resources/4257","Lecture notes","Philosophy and religion","Philosophy--Study and teaching","World War, 1939-1945","Class materials","Publications","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Collection is open to all researchers. 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Mr. Carter died in 1997 in Sewanee, Tennessee."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Paul Carter Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Earl Gregg Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John Paul Carter Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Earl Gregg Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoan Worstell Carter Papers (UA 5.025)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Joan Worstell Carter Papers (UA 5.025)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of mostly class notes of John Paul Carter while he was a student at the College of William and Mary from 1941 to 1944. The collection also includes papers relating to the Class of 1944 50th Reunion at William and Mary in May 1994, including an address given at a memorial service commemorating soldiers who died in World War II. Copies of an address given by Max Lerner entitled The Constitution and the Crisis State and a 1943-1944 William and Mary Course Catalogue are also present. Box 1 contains loose class notes, Course Catalogue, Max Lerner address, and reunion information. Box 2 contains notebooks of class notes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of mostly class notes of John Paul Carter while he was a student at the College of William and Mary from 1941 to 1944. The collection also includes papers relating to the Class of 1944 50th Reunion at William and Mary in May 1994, including an address given at a memorial service commemorating soldiers who died in World War II. Copies of an address given by Max Lerner entitled The Constitution and the Crisis State and a 1943-1944 William and Mary Course Catalogue are also present. Box 1 contains loose class notes, Course Catalogue, Max Lerner address, and reunion information. 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Box 2 contains notebooks of class notes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Reunions"],"names_coll_ssim":["Reunions"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Reunions"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:43:51.432Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_4257"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1276","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John Tyler Papers, 1840/1931","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1276#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Tyler, John, 1790-1862","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1276#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1840-1931, relating to John Tyler. Includes document, 1842, signed by Tyler; campaign ribbon, 1840, for William Henry Harrison and Tyler; speech, 1915, by Armistead Churchill Gordon at the dedication of monument to Tyler in Richmond, Va.; program, 1931, at the unveiling of Tyler Bust in Virginia State Capitol; and engravings, prints, photographs of portraits and copies of a silhouette of Tyler.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1276#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1276","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1276","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1276","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1276","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1276.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Tyler, John Papers","title_ssm":["John Tyler Papers"],"title_tesim":["John Tyler Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-1931"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1931"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1840/1931"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Tyler Papers, 1840/1931"],"text":["John Tyler Papers, 1840/1931","Mss. 39.2 T975","/repositories/2/resources/1276","United States--Presidents","Photographs","Programs","Regalia","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","John Tyler was the 10th president of the United States. John Tyler was born the son of John Tyler, Sr. (1747-1813) and Mary Armistead (1761-1797), in Charles City County, Virginia, as the second of eight children. He was the 10th President of the United States. Other offices held include Governor of Virginia, U.S. Senator, member of the House of Representatives, member of the Virginia House of Delegates, Captain of a military company, and other offices.","He was educated at the College of William and Mary and went on to study law with his father. John Tyler was married twice. His first wife was Letitia Christian Tyler with whom he had 8 children; she died in the White House in September 1842. His second wife was Julia Gardiner Tyler (July 23, 1820 - July 10, 1889), with whom he had 7 children.","See the Tyler Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries.","Papers, 1840-1931, relating to John Tyler. Includes document, 1842, signed by Tyler; campaign ribbon, 1840, for William Henry Harrison and Tyler; speech, 1915, by Armistead Churchill Gordon at the dedication of monument to Tyler in Richmond, Va.; program, 1931, at the unveiling of Tyler Bust in Virginia State Capitol; and engravings, prints, photographs of portraits and copies of a silhouette of Tyler.","Photocopy of a letter from J. Tyler, Sherwood Forest to John Tyler, Jr., his son, suggesting that he find employment, then he can work on his theological and scientific theories. The Board of Visitors at the College of William and Mary meet to appoint a Professor of Chemistry and \"I understand from your last letter . . . you have withdrawn from the candidancy.\"  January 16, 1854. Copied from the original at the Virginia State Library in 1942.","Letter, dated May 14, 1860, from John Tyler, Sherwood Forest, to H.B. Grigsby seeking information about a meeting of the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors and the death of L.W. Tazewell.","Contains the following: 5 Oct. 1840, Presidential campaign ribbon supporting Harrison (Al) and Tyler; 6 May 1842, Authorization and directive to the Secretary of State, signed by John Tyler as President of the United States; 26 January 1916, Monument to John Tyler. An address delivered at the dedication of a monument erected in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Va., by Armistead C. Gordon. Pamphlet; 16 June 1931, Virginia Born Presidents: Unveiling of the Bust of President John Tyler. Program of events at the unveiling and dedication of a bust of John Tyler, at the House of Delegates, State Capitol, Richmond, Virginia; Engravings, prints, photographs of portraits, and copies of a silhouette of John Tyler; Photocopy of a letter from J. Tyler, Sherwood Forest to John Tyler, his son, suggesting that he find employment, then he can work on his theological and scientific theories. The Board of Visitors at the College of William and Mary meet to appoint a Professor of Chemistry and \"I understand from your last letter...you have withdrawn from the candidancy.\" January 16, 1854. Copied from the original at the Virginia State Library in 1942; Letter from John Tyler, Sherwood Forest, to H.B. Grigsby, seeking information about a meeting of the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors and the death of L.W. Tazewell, May 14, 1860.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","College of William and Mary. Dept. of Chemistry","Tyler, John, 1790-1862","Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881","Tyler, John, Jr., 1819-1896","Harrison, William Henry, 1773-1841","Tazewell, Littleton Waller, 1774-1860","Tyler, John, Jr. (1819-1896)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Tyler Papers, 1840/1931"],"collection_ssim":["John Tyler Papers, 1840/1931"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 39.2 T975","/repositories/2/resources/1276"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 39.2 T975","/repositories/2/resources/1276"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Tyler, John, 1790-1862"],"creator_ssim":["Tyler, John, 1790-1862"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tyler, John, 1790-1862","Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881","Tyler, John, Jr., 1819-1896","Harrison, William Henry, 1773-1841","Tazewell, Littleton Waller, 1774-1860","Tyler, John, Jr. (1819-1896)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","College of William and Mary. Dept. of Chemistry"],"creators_ssim":["Tyler, John, 1790-1862","Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881","Tyler, John, Jr., 1819-1896","Harrison, William Henry, 1773-1841","Tazewell, Littleton Waller, 1774-1860","Tyler, John, Jr. (1819-1896)","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","College of William and Mary. Dept. of Chemistry"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 1968.33, 1860 letter to H.B. Grigsby, was purchased and received on August 1, 1968."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States--Presidents","Photographs","Programs","Regalia","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States--Presidents","Photographs","Programs","Regalia","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Programs","Regalia","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Tyler was the 10th president of the United States. John Tyler was born the son of John Tyler, Sr. (1747-1813) and Mary Armistead (1761-1797), in Charles City County, Virginia, as the second of eight children. He was the 10th President of the United States. Other offices held include Governor of Virginia, U.S. Senator, member of the House of Representatives, member of the Virginia House of Delegates, Captain of a military company, and other offices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was educated at the College of William and Mary and went on to study law with his father. John Tyler was married twice. His first wife was Letitia Christian Tyler with whom he had 8 children; she died in the White House in September 1842. His second wife was Julia Gardiner Tyler (July 23, 1820 - July 10, 1889), with whom he had 7 children.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Tyler was the 10th president of the United States. John Tyler was born the son of John Tyler, Sr. (1747-1813) and Mary Armistead (1761-1797), in Charles City County, Virginia, as the second of eight children. He was the 10th President of the United States. Other offices held include Governor of Virginia, U.S. Senator, member of the House of Representatives, member of the Virginia House of Delegates, Captain of a military company, and other offices.","He was educated at the College of William and Mary and went on to study law with his father. John Tyler was married twice. His first wife was Letitia Christian Tyler with whom he had 8 children; she died in the White House in September 1842. His second wife was Julia Gardiner Tyler (July 23, 1820 - July 10, 1889), with whom he had 7 children."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Tyler Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John Tyler Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the Tyler Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the Tyler Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1840-1931, relating to John Tyler. Includes document, 1842, signed by Tyler; campaign ribbon, 1840, for William Henry Harrison and Tyler; speech, 1915, by Armistead Churchill Gordon at the dedication of monument to Tyler in Richmond, Va.; program, 1931, at the unveiling of Tyler Bust in Virginia State Capitol; and engravings, prints, photographs of portraits and copies of a silhouette of Tyler.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopy of a letter from J. Tyler, Sherwood Forest to John Tyler, Jr., his son, suggesting that he find employment, then he can work on his theological and scientific theories. The Board of Visitors at the College of William and Mary meet to appoint a Professor of Chemistry and \"I understand from your last letter . . . you have withdrawn from the candidancy.\"  January 16, 1854. Copied from the original at the Virginia State Library in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter, dated May 14, 1860, from John Tyler, Sherwood Forest, to H.B. Grigsby seeking information about a meeting of the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors and the death of L.W. Tazewell.  \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eContains the following: 5 Oct. 1840, Presidential campaign ribbon supporting Harrison (Al) and Tyler; 6 May 1842, Authorization and directive to the Secretary of State, signed by John Tyler as President of the United States; 26 January 1916, Monument to John Tyler. An address delivered at the dedication of a monument erected in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Va., by Armistead C. Gordon. Pamphlet; 16 June 1931, Virginia Born Presidents: Unveiling of the Bust of President John Tyler. Program of events at the unveiling and dedication of a bust of John Tyler, at the House of Delegates, State Capitol, Richmond, Virginia; Engravings, prints, photographs of portraits, and copies of a silhouette of John Tyler; Photocopy of a letter from J. Tyler, Sherwood Forest to John Tyler, his son, suggesting that he find employment, then he can work on his theological and scientific theories. The Board of Visitors at the College of William and Mary meet to appoint a Professor of Chemistry and \"I understand from your last letter...you have withdrawn from the candidancy.\" January 16, 1854. Copied from the original at the Virginia State Library in 1942; Letter from John Tyler, Sherwood Forest, to H.B. Grigsby, seeking information about a meeting of the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors and the death of L.W. Tazewell, May 14, 1860.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1840-1931, relating to John Tyler. Includes document, 1842, signed by Tyler; campaign ribbon, 1840, for William Henry Harrison and Tyler; speech, 1915, by Armistead Churchill Gordon at the dedication of monument to Tyler in Richmond, Va.; program, 1931, at the unveiling of Tyler Bust in Virginia State Capitol; and engravings, prints, photographs of portraits and copies of a silhouette of Tyler.","Photocopy of a letter from J. Tyler, Sherwood Forest to John Tyler, Jr., his son, suggesting that he find employment, then he can work on his theological and scientific theories. The Board of Visitors at the College of William and Mary meet to appoint a Professor of Chemistry and \"I understand from your last letter . . . you have withdrawn from the candidancy.\"  January 16, 1854. Copied from the original at the Virginia State Library in 1942.","Letter, dated May 14, 1860, from John Tyler, Sherwood Forest, to H.B. Grigsby seeking information about a meeting of the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors and the death of L.W. Tazewell.","Contains the following: 5 Oct. 1840, Presidential campaign ribbon supporting Harrison (Al) and Tyler; 6 May 1842, Authorization and directive to the Secretary of State, signed by John Tyler as President of the United States; 26 January 1916, Monument to John Tyler. An address delivered at the dedication of a monument erected in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Va., by Armistead C. Gordon. Pamphlet; 16 June 1931, Virginia Born Presidents: Unveiling of the Bust of President John Tyler. Program of events at the unveiling and dedication of a bust of John Tyler, at the House of Delegates, State Capitol, Richmond, Virginia; Engravings, prints, photographs of portraits, and copies of a silhouette of John Tyler; Photocopy of a letter from J. Tyler, Sherwood Forest to John Tyler, his son, suggesting that he find employment, then he can work on his theological and scientific theories. The Board of Visitors at the College of William and Mary meet to appoint a Professor of Chemistry and \"I understand from your last letter...you have withdrawn from the candidancy.\" January 16, 1854. Copied from the original at the Virginia State Library in 1942; Letter from John Tyler, Sherwood Forest, to H.B. Grigsby, seeking information about a meeting of the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors and the death of L.W. Tazewell, May 14, 1860."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","College of William and Mary. Dept. of Chemistry"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","College of William and Mary. Dept. of Chemistry","Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881","Tyler, John, Jr., 1819-1896","Harrison, William Henry, 1773-1841","Tazewell, Littleton Waller, 1774-1860","Tyler, John, 1790-1862","Tyler, John, Jr. (1819-1896)"],"persname_ssim":["Tyler, John, 1790-1862","Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881","Tyler, John, Jr., 1819-1896","Harrison, William Henry, 1773-1841","Tazewell, Littleton Waller, 1774-1860","Tyler, John, Jr. (1819-1896)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","College of William and Mary. Dept. of Chemistry","Tyler, John, 1790-1862","Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881","Tyler, John, Jr., 1819-1896","Harrison, William Henry, 1773-1841","Tazewell, Littleton Waller, 1774-1860","Tyler, John, Jr. (1819-1896)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:18.235Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1276","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1276","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1276","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1276","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1276.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Tyler, John Papers","title_ssm":["John Tyler Papers"],"title_tesim":["John Tyler Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-1931"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1931"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1840/1931"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Tyler Papers, 1840/1931"],"text":["John Tyler Papers, 1840/1931","Mss. 39.2 T975","/repositories/2/resources/1276","United States--Presidents","Photographs","Programs","Regalia","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","John Tyler was the 10th president of the United States. John Tyler was born the son of John Tyler, Sr. (1747-1813) and Mary Armistead (1761-1797), in Charles City County, Virginia, as the second of eight children. He was the 10th President of the United States. Other offices held include Governor of Virginia, U.S. Senator, member of the House of Representatives, member of the Virginia House of Delegates, Captain of a military company, and other offices.","He was educated at the College of William and Mary and went on to study law with his father. John Tyler was married twice. His first wife was Letitia Christian Tyler with whom he had 8 children; she died in the White House in September 1842. His second wife was Julia Gardiner Tyler (July 23, 1820 - July 10, 1889), with whom he had 7 children.","See the Tyler Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries.","Papers, 1840-1931, relating to John Tyler. Includes document, 1842, signed by Tyler; campaign ribbon, 1840, for William Henry Harrison and Tyler; speech, 1915, by Armistead Churchill Gordon at the dedication of monument to Tyler in Richmond, Va.; program, 1931, at the unveiling of Tyler Bust in Virginia State Capitol; and engravings, prints, photographs of portraits and copies of a silhouette of Tyler.","Photocopy of a letter from J. Tyler, Sherwood Forest to John Tyler, Jr., his son, suggesting that he find employment, then he can work on his theological and scientific theories. The Board of Visitors at the College of William and Mary meet to appoint a Professor of Chemistry and \"I understand from your last letter . . . you have withdrawn from the candidancy.\"  January 16, 1854. Copied from the original at the Virginia State Library in 1942.","Letter, dated May 14, 1860, from John Tyler, Sherwood Forest, to H.B. Grigsby seeking information about a meeting of the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors and the death of L.W. Tazewell.","Contains the following: 5 Oct. 1840, Presidential campaign ribbon supporting Harrison (Al) and Tyler; 6 May 1842, Authorization and directive to the Secretary of State, signed by John Tyler as President of the United States; 26 January 1916, Monument to John Tyler. An address delivered at the dedication of a monument erected in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Va., by Armistead C. Gordon. Pamphlet; 16 June 1931, Virginia Born Presidents: Unveiling of the Bust of President John Tyler. Program of events at the unveiling and dedication of a bust of John Tyler, at the House of Delegates, State Capitol, Richmond, Virginia; Engravings, prints, photographs of portraits, and copies of a silhouette of John Tyler; Photocopy of a letter from J. Tyler, Sherwood Forest to John Tyler, his son, suggesting that he find employment, then he can work on his theological and scientific theories. The Board of Visitors at the College of William and Mary meet to appoint a Professor of Chemistry and \"I understand from your last letter...you have withdrawn from the candidancy.\" January 16, 1854. Copied from the original at the Virginia State Library in 1942; Letter from John Tyler, Sherwood Forest, to H.B. Grigsby, seeking information about a meeting of the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors and the death of L.W. Tazewell, May 14, 1860.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","College of William and Mary. 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Board of Visitors","College of William and Mary. Dept. of Chemistry"],"creators_ssim":["Tyler, John, 1790-1862","Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881","Tyler, John, Jr., 1819-1896","Harrison, William Henry, 1773-1841","Tazewell, Littleton Waller, 1774-1860","Tyler, John, Jr. (1819-1896)","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Board of Visitors","College of William and Mary. Dept. of Chemistry"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 1968.33, 1860 letter to H.B. Grigsby, was purchased and received on August 1, 1968."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States--Presidents","Photographs","Programs","Regalia","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States--Presidents","Photographs","Programs","Regalia","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Programs","Regalia","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. 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He was the 10th President of the United States. Other offices held include Governor of Virginia, U.S. Senator, member of the House of Representatives, member of the Virginia House of Delegates, Captain of a military company, and other offices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was educated at the College of William and Mary and went on to study law with his father. John Tyler was married twice. His first wife was Letitia Christian Tyler with whom he had 8 children; she died in the White House in September 1842. His second wife was Julia Gardiner Tyler (July 23, 1820 - July 10, 1889), with whom he had 7 children.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Tyler was the 10th president of the United States. John Tyler was born the son of John Tyler, Sr. (1747-1813) and Mary Armistead (1761-1797), in Charles City County, Virginia, as the second of eight children. He was the 10th President of the United States. Other offices held include Governor of Virginia, U.S. Senator, member of the House of Representatives, member of the Virginia House of Delegates, Captain of a military company, and other offices.","He was educated at the College of William and Mary and went on to study law with his father. John Tyler was married twice. His first wife was Letitia Christian Tyler with whom he had 8 children; she died in the White House in September 1842. His second wife was Julia Gardiner Tyler (July 23, 1820 - July 10, 1889), with whom he had 7 children."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Tyler Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John Tyler Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the Tyler Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the Tyler Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1840-1931, relating to John Tyler. Includes document, 1842, signed by Tyler; campaign ribbon, 1840, for William Henry Harrison and Tyler; speech, 1915, by Armistead Churchill Gordon at the dedication of monument to Tyler in Richmond, Va.; program, 1931, at the unveiling of Tyler Bust in Virginia State Capitol; and engravings, prints, photographs of portraits and copies of a silhouette of Tyler.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopy of a letter from J. Tyler, Sherwood Forest to John Tyler, Jr., his son, suggesting that he find employment, then he can work on his theological and scientific theories. The Board of Visitors at the College of William and Mary meet to appoint a Professor of Chemistry and \"I understand from your last letter . . . you have withdrawn from the candidancy.\"  January 16, 1854. Copied from the original at the Virginia State Library in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter, dated May 14, 1860, from John Tyler, Sherwood Forest, to H.B. Grigsby seeking information about a meeting of the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors and the death of L.W. Tazewell.  \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eContains the following: 5 Oct. 1840, Presidential campaign ribbon supporting Harrison (Al) and Tyler; 6 May 1842, Authorization and directive to the Secretary of State, signed by John Tyler as President of the United States; 26 January 1916, Monument to John Tyler. An address delivered at the dedication of a monument erected in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Va., by Armistead C. Gordon. Pamphlet; 16 June 1931, Virginia Born Presidents: Unveiling of the Bust of President John Tyler. Program of events at the unveiling and dedication of a bust of John Tyler, at the House of Delegates, State Capitol, Richmond, Virginia; Engravings, prints, photographs of portraits, and copies of a silhouette of John Tyler; Photocopy of a letter from J. 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Tyler, Sherwood Forest to John Tyler, his son, suggesting that he find employment, then he can work on his theological and scientific theories. The Board of Visitors at the College of William and Mary meet to appoint a Professor of Chemistry and \"I understand from your last letter...you have withdrawn from the candidancy.\" January 16, 1854. Copied from the original at the Virginia State Library in 1942; Letter from John Tyler, Sherwood Forest, to H.B. Grigsby, seeking information about a meeting of the College of William and Mary Board of Visitors and the death of L.W. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Lawrence Warren I'Anson was born April 21, 1907 in Portsmouth, Virginia. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the College of William and Mary in 1928 and his LL.B. at the University of Virginia in 1931. Admitted to the bar in 1931, he began practice in Portsmouth the same year. From 1938 to 1941, he was Commonwealth's Attorney for the city of Portsmouth and, in 1941, became judge of the Hustings Court there. Judge I'Anson remained in that position until he was elected to the Supreme Court of Appeals on September 3, 1958. When Chief Justice Harold Snead retired in 1974, Justice I'Anson became Chief Justice of the Court. He remained on the Court until he resigned on January 1, 1981. Justice I'Anson received an honorary LL. D. from William and Mary in 1964. He was a member of Order of the Coif, Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Alpha Delta, Phi Kappa Alpha and Omicron Delta Kappa. He was the former Director of the American Judicature Society, former Chairman of the National Conference of' Chief Justices, member of the Board of Directors of the National Center for State Courts. 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Judge I'Anson remained in that position until he was elected to the Supreme Court of Appeals on September 3, 1958. When Chief Justice Harold Snead retired in 1974, Justice I'Anson became Chief Justice of the Court. He remained on the Court until he resigned on January 1, 1981. Justice I'Anson received an honorary LL. D. from William and Mary in 1964. He was a member of Order of the Coif, Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Alpha Delta, Phi Kappa Alpha and Omicron Delta Kappa. He was the former Director of the American Judicature Society, former Chairman of the National Conference of' Chief Justices, member of the Board of Directors of the National Center for State Courts. Justice I'Anson also received the American Judicature Society's Lincoln Harley Award in 1973 and the University of Virginia Sesquicentennial Award in 1969. Justice I'Anson died December 17, 1990. 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Admitted to the bar in 1931, he began practice in Portsmouth the same year. From 1938 to 1941, he was Commonwealth's Attorney for the city of Portsmouth and, in 1941, became judge of the Hustings Court there. Judge I'Anson remained in that position until he was elected to the Supreme Court of Appeals on September 3, 1958. When Chief Justice Harold Snead retired in 1974, Justice I'Anson became Chief Justice of the Court. He remained on the Court until he resigned on January 1, 1981. Justice I'Anson received an honorary LL. D. from William and Mary in 1964. He was a member of Order of the Coif, Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Alpha Delta, Phi Kappa Alpha and Omicron Delta Kappa. He was the former Director of the American Judicature Society, former Chairman of the National Conference of' Chief Justices, member of the Board of Directors of the National Center for State Courts. Justice I'Anson also received the American Judicature Society's Lincoln Harley Award in 1973 and the University of Virginia Sesquicentennial Award in 1969. Justice I'Anson died December 17, 1990. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Lawrence_Warren_Anson\" title=\"Lawrence Warren Anson\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lawrence Warren I'Anson was born April 21, 1907 in Portsmouth, Virginia. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the College of William and Mary in 1928 and his LL.B. at the University of Virginia in 1931. Admitted to the bar in 1931, he began practice in Portsmouth the same year. From 1938 to 1941, he was Commonwealth's Attorney for the city of Portsmouth and, in 1941, became judge of the Hustings Court there. Judge I'Anson remained in that position until he was elected to the Supreme Court of Appeals on September 3, 1958. When Chief Justice Harold Snead retired in 1974, Justice I'Anson became Chief Justice of the Court. He remained on the Court until he resigned on January 1, 1981. Justice I'Anson received an honorary LL. D. from William and Mary in 1964. He was a member of Order of the Coif, Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Alpha Delta, Phi Kappa Alpha and Omicron Delta Kappa. He was the former Director of the American Judicature Society, former Chairman of the National Conference of' Chief Justices, member of the Board of Directors of the National Center for State Courts. Justice I'Anson also received the American Judicature Society's Lincoln Harley Award in 1973 and the University of Virginia Sesquicentennial Award in 1969. Justice I'Anson died December 17, 1990. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther Information:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A PDF document of this inventory is available online.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Additional information may be found at http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/findingaids/85_Ia6_I_anson.pdf\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Other Information:","A PDF document of this inventory is available online.","Additional information may be found at http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/findingaids/85_Ia6_I_anson.pdf"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLawrence I'Anson Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lawrence I'Anson Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Tom Scott in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Tom Scott in 1987."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, circa 1938-1983, of Lawrence I'Anson, lawyer and justice of the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. Includes correspondence, invitations, programs, speeches, judicial opinions, certificates, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, photographs and scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eBooks\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, circa 1938-1983, of Lawrence I'Anson, lawyer and justice of the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals. Includes correspondence, invitations, programs, speeches, judicial opinions, certificates, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, photographs and scrapbooks.","Books"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Virginia. 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The photographs are from theatre productions, dances, and exhibits at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_5622#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5622","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5622","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5622","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_5622","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_5622.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Cheek, Leslie Jr. College Papers","title_ssm":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. College Papers"],"title_tesim":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. College Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1936-1990","1936-1938"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1936-1990"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1936-1938"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936/1990, bulk 1936/1938"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. College Papers, 1936/1990, bulk 1936/1938"],"text":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. College Papers, 1936/1990, bulk 1936/1938","UA 6.007","/repositories/2/resources/5622","Exhibitions","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc.","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Leslie Cheek was born in Nashville, TN in 1908. He studied art at Harvard University and architecture at Yale and Columbia. He headed the department of fine arts at the College of William and Mary 1937-39, where he was instrumental in getting an honorary award given to Georgia O'Keeffe by the college in 1938 and Frank Lloyd Wright.","In 1939, he married Mary Tyler Freeman (1917- 2005), the daughter of the Pulitzer Prize-winning biographer of George Washington, Douglas Southall Freeman. That same year he joined the Baltimore Museum of Fine Art as its director, where he found Adelyn Breeskin (q.v.) of its prints department already assembling an outstanding collection. Cheek worked actively with various Works Progress Administration (WPA) artist's projects. He resigned from the Museum in 1942 to join the army corps of engineers in World War II.","After the war, he succeeded Thomas C. Colt, Jr as the second director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in 1948 (the museum itself was founded in 1936). During his tenure at Virginia, he persuaded the General Assembly to finance the Museum as the state's official art museum. In 1953, Cheek developed a \"mobile art program\u0026quot; to bring exhibitions to more remote parts of Virginia. The project, Artmobile I, was a success. In 1955, the Virginia Museum Theater opened to integrate the performing arts with the gallery. He retired from the Museum in 1968. The following year the Cheeks began a mountaintop compound they named Skylark on a former farm along the Blue Ridge Parkway. In 1977, they donated it to Washington \u0026 Lee University which is today that university's conference center. Cheek suffered a series of strokes at his home in Richmond and died in 1992. \n \nHis personal papers, 1981-1994, are held by the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and 1940-1983 by the Archives of American Art, Washington, DC. The Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art, Nashville, TN, the ancestral home of Cheek, is now a public art museum, built upon the collection of the former Nashville Museum of Art.","Leslie Cheek, Jr. Papers (Mss. 98 C41); University Archives Photograph Collection (UA 8);  University Archives Poster Collection (UA 12); University Archives Oral History Collection (UA 43).","Cheek's personal papers, 1981-1994, are held by the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and 1940-1983 by the Archives of American Art, Washington, DC. The Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art, Nashville, TN, the ancestral home of Cheek, is now a public art museum, built upon the collection of the former Nashville Museum of Art.","This collection contains awards, publicity material, songs, articles, speeches, and photographs that once belonged to College of William and Mary professor Leslie Cheek. The bulk of the material is from 1936 to 1938, and most of the material relates to the various exhibits put on by the Department of Fine Arts. The photographs are from theatre productions, dances, and exhibits at William and Mary.","Photographs of productions with actors, props and stage.","Postcard of early Duke of Gloucester Street; program for the American Federation of Arts Convention, 1938; Museum News, 1937; Department of Fine Arts Program, 1936-1937; photograph brochure of William \u0026 Mary; lecture notes; newspaper clippings of productions; correspondence about Georgia O'Keefe visit and theatre building plans.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeslie Cheek was born in Nashville, TN in 1908. He studied art at Harvard University and architecture at Yale and Columbia. 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During his tenure at Virginia, he persuaded the General Assembly to finance the Museum as the state's official art museum. In 1953, Cheek developed a \"mobile art program\u0026amp;quot; to bring exhibitions to more remote parts of Virginia. The project, Artmobile I, was a success. In 1955, the Virginia Museum Theater opened to integrate the performing arts with the gallery. He retired from the Museum in 1968. The following year the Cheeks began a mountaintop compound they named Skylark on a former farm along the Blue Ridge Parkway. In 1977, they donated it to Washington \u0026amp; Lee University which is today that university's conference center. Cheek suffered a series of strokes at his home in Richmond and died in 1992. \n \nHis personal papers, 1981-1994, are held by the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and 1940-1983 by the Archives of American Art, Washington, DC. The Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art, Nashville, TN, the ancestral home of Cheek, is now a public art museum, built upon the collection of the former Nashville Museum of Art. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Leslie Cheek was born in Nashville, TN in 1908. He studied art at Harvard University and architecture at Yale and Columbia. He headed the department of fine arts at the College of William and Mary 1937-39, where he was instrumental in getting an honorary award given to Georgia O'Keeffe by the college in 1938 and Frank Lloyd Wright.","In 1939, he married Mary Tyler Freeman (1917- 2005), the daughter of the Pulitzer Prize-winning biographer of George Washington, Douglas Southall Freeman. That same year he joined the Baltimore Museum of Fine Art as its director, where he found Adelyn Breeskin (q.v.) of its prints department already assembling an outstanding collection. Cheek worked actively with various Works Progress Administration (WPA) artist's projects. He resigned from the Museum in 1942 to join the army corps of engineers in World War II.","After the war, he succeeded Thomas C. Colt, Jr as the second director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in 1948 (the museum itself was founded in 1936). During his tenure at Virginia, he persuaded the General Assembly to finance the Museum as the state's official art museum. In 1953, Cheek developed a \"mobile art program\u0026quot; to bring exhibitions to more remote parts of Virginia. The project, Artmobile I, was a success. In 1955, the Virginia Museum Theater opened to integrate the performing arts with the gallery. He retired from the Museum in 1968. The following year the Cheeks began a mountaintop compound they named Skylark on a former farm along the Blue Ridge Parkway. In 1977, they donated it to Washington \u0026 Lee University which is today that university's conference center. Cheek suffered a series of strokes at his home in Richmond and died in 1992. \n \nHis personal papers, 1981-1994, are held by the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and 1940-1983 by the Archives of American Art, Washington, DC. The Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art, Nashville, TN, the ancestral home of Cheek, is now a public art museum, built upon the collection of the former Nashville Museum of Art."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeslie Cheek, Jr. College Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. College Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeslie Cheek, Jr. Papers (Mss. 98 C41); University Archives Photograph Collection (UA 8);  University Archives Poster Collection (UA 12); University Archives Oral History Collection (UA 43).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Cheek's personal papers, 1981-1994, are held by the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and 1940-1983 by the Archives of American Art, Washington, DC. The Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art, Nashville, TN, the ancestral home of Cheek, is now a public art museum, built upon the collection of the former Nashville Museum of Art.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. Papers (Mss. 98 C41); University Archives Photograph Collection (UA 8);  University Archives Poster Collection (UA 12); University Archives Oral History Collection (UA 43).","Cheek's personal papers, 1981-1994, are held by the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and 1940-1983 by the Archives of American Art, Washington, DC. The Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art, Nashville, TN, the ancestral home of Cheek, is now a public art museum, built upon the collection of the former Nashville Museum of Art."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains awards, publicity material, songs, articles, speeches, and photographs that once belonged to College of William and Mary professor Leslie Cheek. The bulk of the material is from 1936 to 1938, and most of the material relates to the various exhibits put on by the Department of Fine Arts. The photographs are from theatre productions, dances, and exhibits at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of productions with actors, props and stage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePostcard of early Duke of Gloucester Street; program for the American Federation of Arts Convention, 1938; Museum News, 1937; Department of Fine Arts Program, 1936-1937; photograph brochure of William \u0026amp; Mary; lecture notes; newspaper clippings of productions; correspondence about Georgia O'Keefe visit and theatre building plans.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains awards, publicity material, songs, articles, speeches, and photographs that once belonged to College of William and Mary professor Leslie Cheek. The bulk of the material is from 1936 to 1938, and most of the material relates to the various exhibits put on by the Department of Fine Arts. The photographs are from theatre productions, dances, and exhibits at William and Mary.","Photographs of productions with actors, props and stage.","Postcard of early Duke of Gloucester Street; program for the American Federation of Arts Convention, 1938; Museum News, 1937; Department of Fine Arts Program, 1936-1937; photograph brochure of William \u0026 Mary; lecture notes; newspaper clippings of productions; correspondence about Georgia O'Keefe visit and theatre building plans."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Leslie Cheek was born in Nashville, TN in 1908. He studied art at Harvard University and architecture at Yale and Columbia. He headed the department of fine arts at the College of William and Mary 1937-39, where he was instrumental in getting an honorary award given to Georgia O'Keeffe by the college in 1938 and Frank Lloyd Wright.","In 1939, he married Mary Tyler Freeman (1917- 2005), the daughter of the Pulitzer Prize-winning biographer of George Washington, Douglas Southall Freeman. That same year he joined the Baltimore Museum of Fine Art as its director, where he found Adelyn Breeskin (q.v.) of its prints department already assembling an outstanding collection. Cheek worked actively with various Works Progress Administration (WPA) artist's projects. He resigned from the Museum in 1942 to join the army corps of engineers in World War II.","After the war, he succeeded Thomas C. Colt, Jr as the second director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in 1948 (the museum itself was founded in 1936). During his tenure at Virginia, he persuaded the General Assembly to finance the Museum as the state's official art museum. In 1953, Cheek developed a \"mobile art program\u0026quot; to bring exhibitions to more remote parts of Virginia. The project, Artmobile I, was a success. In 1955, the Virginia Museum Theater opened to integrate the performing arts with the gallery. He retired from the Museum in 1968. The following year the Cheeks began a mountaintop compound they named Skylark on a former farm along the Blue Ridge Parkway. In 1977, they donated it to Washington \u0026 Lee University which is today that university's conference center. Cheek suffered a series of strokes at his home in Richmond and died in 1992. \n \nHis personal papers, 1981-1994, are held by the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and 1940-1983 by the Archives of American Art, Washington, DC. The Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art, Nashville, TN, the ancestral home of Cheek, is now a public art museum, built upon the collection of the former Nashville Museum of Art.","Leslie Cheek, Jr. Papers (Mss. 98 C41); University Archives Photograph Collection (UA 8);  University Archives Poster Collection (UA 12); University Archives Oral History Collection (UA 43).","Cheek's personal papers, 1981-1994, are held by the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and 1940-1983 by the Archives of American Art, Washington, DC. The Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art, Nashville, TN, the ancestral home of Cheek, is now a public art museum, built upon the collection of the former Nashville Museum of Art.","This collection contains awards, publicity material, songs, articles, speeches, and photographs that once belonged to College of William and Mary professor Leslie Cheek. The bulk of the material is from 1936 to 1938, and most of the material relates to the various exhibits put on by the Department of Fine Arts. The photographs are from theatre productions, dances, and exhibits at William and Mary.","Photographs of productions with actors, props and stage.","Postcard of early Duke of Gloucester Street; program for the American Federation of Arts Convention, 1938; Museum News, 1937; Department of Fine Arts Program, 1936-1937; photograph brochure of William \u0026 Mary; lecture notes; newspaper clippings of productions; correspondence about Georgia O'Keefe visit and theatre building plans.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. 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Dept. of Fine Arts"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 1993.33 was received on 4/3/1998."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Exhibitions","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Exhibitions","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeslie Cheek was born in Nashville, TN in 1908. He studied art at Harvard University and architecture at Yale and Columbia. He headed the department of fine arts at the College of William and Mary 1937-39, where he was instrumental in getting an honorary award given to Georgia O'Keeffe by the college in 1938 and Frank Lloyd Wright. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1939, he married Mary Tyler Freeman (1917- 2005), the daughter of the Pulitzer Prize-winning biographer of George Washington, Douglas Southall Freeman. That same year he joined the Baltimore Museum of Fine Art as its director, where he found Adelyn Breeskin (q.v.) of its prints department already assembling an outstanding collection. Cheek worked actively with various Works Progress Administration (WPA) artist's projects. He resigned from the Museum in 1942 to join the army corps of engineers in World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e After the war, he succeeded Thomas C. Colt, Jr as the second director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in 1948 (the museum itself was founded in 1936). During his tenure at Virginia, he persuaded the General Assembly to finance the Museum as the state's official art museum. In 1953, Cheek developed a \"mobile art program\u0026amp;quot; to bring exhibitions to more remote parts of Virginia. The project, Artmobile I, was a success. In 1955, the Virginia Museum Theater opened to integrate the performing arts with the gallery. He retired from the Museum in 1968. The following year the Cheeks began a mountaintop compound they named Skylark on a former farm along the Blue Ridge Parkway. In 1977, they donated it to Washington \u0026amp; Lee University which is today that university's conference center. Cheek suffered a series of strokes at his home in Richmond and died in 1992. \n \nHis personal papers, 1981-1994, are held by the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and 1940-1983 by the Archives of American Art, Washington, DC. The Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art, Nashville, TN, the ancestral home of Cheek, is now a public art museum, built upon the collection of the former Nashville Museum of Art. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Leslie Cheek was born in Nashville, TN in 1908. He studied art at Harvard University and architecture at Yale and Columbia. He headed the department of fine arts at the College of William and Mary 1937-39, where he was instrumental in getting an honorary award given to Georgia O'Keeffe by the college in 1938 and Frank Lloyd Wright.","In 1939, he married Mary Tyler Freeman (1917- 2005), the daughter of the Pulitzer Prize-winning biographer of George Washington, Douglas Southall Freeman. That same year he joined the Baltimore Museum of Fine Art as its director, where he found Adelyn Breeskin (q.v.) of its prints department already assembling an outstanding collection. Cheek worked actively with various Works Progress Administration (WPA) artist's projects. He resigned from the Museum in 1942 to join the army corps of engineers in World War II.","After the war, he succeeded Thomas C. Colt, Jr as the second director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in 1948 (the museum itself was founded in 1936). During his tenure at Virginia, he persuaded the General Assembly to finance the Museum as the state's official art museum. In 1953, Cheek developed a \"mobile art program\u0026quot; to bring exhibitions to more remote parts of Virginia. The project, Artmobile I, was a success. In 1955, the Virginia Museum Theater opened to integrate the performing arts with the gallery. He retired from the Museum in 1968. The following year the Cheeks began a mountaintop compound they named Skylark on a former farm along the Blue Ridge Parkway. In 1977, they donated it to Washington \u0026 Lee University which is today that university's conference center. Cheek suffered a series of strokes at his home in Richmond and died in 1992. \n \nHis personal papers, 1981-1994, are held by the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and 1940-1983 by the Archives of American Art, Washington, DC. The Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art, Nashville, TN, the ancestral home of Cheek, is now a public art museum, built upon the collection of the former Nashville Museum of Art."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeslie Cheek, Jr. College Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. College Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeslie Cheek, Jr. Papers (Mss. 98 C41); University Archives Photograph Collection (UA 8);  University Archives Poster Collection (UA 12); University Archives Oral History Collection (UA 43).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Cheek's personal papers, 1981-1994, are held by the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and 1940-1983 by the Archives of American Art, Washington, DC. The Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art, Nashville, TN, the ancestral home of Cheek, is now a public art museum, built upon the collection of the former Nashville Museum of Art.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Leslie Cheek, Jr. Papers (Mss. 98 C41); University Archives Photograph Collection (UA 8);  University Archives Poster Collection (UA 12); University Archives Oral History Collection (UA 43).","Cheek's personal papers, 1981-1994, are held by the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and 1940-1983 by the Archives of American Art, Washington, DC. The Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art, Nashville, TN, the ancestral home of Cheek, is now a public art museum, built upon the collection of the former Nashville Museum of Art."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains awards, publicity material, songs, articles, speeches, and photographs that once belonged to College of William and Mary professor Leslie Cheek. The bulk of the material is from 1936 to 1938, and most of the material relates to the various exhibits put on by the Department of Fine Arts. The photographs are from theatre productions, dances, and exhibits at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of productions with actors, props and stage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePostcard of early Duke of Gloucester Street; program for the American Federation of Arts Convention, 1938; Museum News, 1937; Department of Fine Arts Program, 1936-1937; photograph brochure of William \u0026amp; Mary; lecture notes; newspaper clippings of productions; correspondence about Georgia O'Keefe visit and theatre building plans.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains awards, publicity material, songs, articles, speeches, and photographs that once belonged to College of William and Mary professor Leslie Cheek. The bulk of the material is from 1936 to 1938, and most of the material relates to the various exhibits put on by the Department of Fine Arts. The photographs are from theatre productions, dances, and exhibits at William and Mary.","Photographs of productions with actors, props and stage.","Postcard of early Duke of Gloucester Street; program for the American Federation of Arts Convention, 1938; Museum News, 1937; Department of Fine Arts Program, 1936-1937; photograph brochure of William \u0026 Mary; lecture notes; newspaper clippings of productions; correspondence about Georgia O'Keefe visit and theatre building plans."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. Dept. of Fine Arts"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary. Dept. of Fine Arts"],"persname_ssim":["Cheek, Leslie, 1908-1992"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary. 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