{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Songbooks\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1864","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Songbooks\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1864\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_457","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Collection of French Language Manuscripts","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_457#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncludes manuscript material in French. The collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis. This collection has multiple creators, which have not been indexed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_457#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_457","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_457","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_457","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_457","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_457.xml","title_filing_ssi":"French Language Manuscripts, Collection of","title_ssm":["Collection of French Language Manuscripts"],"title_tesim":["Collection of French Language Manuscripts"],"unitdate_ssm":["1633-1942","1633-1795, 1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1633-1795, 1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1633-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 1.17","/repositories/2/resources/457"],"text":["Mss. 1.17","/repositories/2/resources/457","Collection of French Language Manuscripts","France--History--Revolution, 1789-1799","France--Songs and music","France--History--17th century","French language","Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715","Music--Manuscripts--France--18th century","Namur (Belgium)--History--Siege, 1692","Pirates--Africa, North--History--17th century","Spanish Succession, War of, 1701-1714","Contracts","Letters (correspondence)","Marriage certificates","Poetry","Reports","Songbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis.","Created in December 2011 by Benjamin Bromley, and edited by SCRC staff on an ongoing basis.","Related publication: Kevin C. Robbins: Early Modern Burgundian Hospitals as Catalysts of Independent Political Activity Among Women: Lay Nurses and Electoral Empowerment, 1630-1750 http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.0642292.0035.005","Includes manuscript material in French. The collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis. This collection has multiple creators, which have not been indexed at this time.","Manuscript of poetry and prose written by an unknown Jesuit priest which praises Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King. The full title is \"Receuil des plus beaux vers François qui ont estes faicts à la louange du roy Louis le Grand avec quelques autres pièces melangées\". There are over 150 individual works within this volume and all but one of them are poems. The largest number of the poems were written to commemorate the victory of the French army during the seige of Namur. Item cannot be displayed for technical reasons.","Official report of the experiences of the French naval squadron in Spain in 1698, during the leadup to the War of Spanish Succession, authored by Jean duc d'Estrees. The full title of the report is as follows: \"Relation de ce qui s'est passé pendant la campagne des vaisseaux du Roy commandés par Monsieur le comte D'Estrées, en mil tin cens quatre vingt dix huit.\" Mentions the poor health of King Charles II of Spain, the state of the Spanish fleet, harassment by Algerian pirates, and the relationship between France and England. The Comte d'Estrées likely created this report and had it copied and disseminated to French officials. This copy comes from the papers of Michel Begon, a French civil servant.","Marriage contract between Nicolas Dubord and Marie Madgalène Salle, both of Le Havre, France.","The document outlines the terms under which Michelle Gautier is going to join the religious order of the Sisters of Sainte-Marthe, Dijon (Burgundy), France. The contract lists names of other members of the order, as well as of local officials and the representative of the King. It addresses in detail the monetary contributions Gautier has to make and the rules she will have to follow.","Marriage contract between Louis François Nicolas Petitcolas and Jeanne Simon, daughter of Pierre Simon de Corcondray.","Manuscript chansonnier (songbook) kept by Alexandre Guichard of Stenay (Alsace, France), containing lyrics to 188 French songs. The date given on the first page is \"An 3 de la Republique,\" the 3rd year of the French Republic, which began on September 22, 1794, following the Reign of Terror.  The chansonnier  includes the lyrics but not the actual music for the songs, but always notes the tune to which it is sung. An alphabetical index can be found at the end.","Correspondence includes a postcard, December 30, 1941 from André Dangel, a French prisoner of war in a German POW camp to Marthe Sivadier (probably his wife) and his mother in Paris. Dangel expresses hope to be released and mentions that a fellow prisoner, who will be repatriated to France shortly is planning on visiting Marthe and his mother.\nAlso included is a letter, July 28, 1942, from Marthe Sivadier (Paris)  to André Dangel still in the POW camp (\"M.-Stammlater, V A\"). She talks about her work, complains that not enough effort has been made to secure Dangel's release from the camp, talks about upcoming vacation with family, how she spends her weekends and how she hopes that he will be released soon, due to his status as medic and father.\nBoth items are written in French, and the stationary is pre-printed  specifically for POW correspondence with address field, instructions, name of camp, etc., printed in both German and French.","This is an untranslated eight page document covered with Amsterdam paper.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","French"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 1.17","/repositories/2/resources/457"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of French Language Manuscripts"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of French Language Manuscripts"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of French Language Manuscripts"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["France--History--Revolution, 1789-1799","France--Songs and music"],"geogname_ssim":["France--History--Revolution, 1789-1799","France--Songs and music"],"places_ssim":["France--History--Revolution, 1789-1799","France--Songs and music"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchases, donations. Item 2016.024 is a gift from Suzanne C. Weber in memory of her husband, Robert L. Weber."],"access_subjects_ssim":["France--History--17th century","French language","Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715","Music--Manuscripts--France--18th century","Namur (Belgium)--History--Siege, 1692","Pirates--Africa, North--History--17th century","Spanish Succession, War of, 1701-1714","Contracts","Letters (correspondence)","Marriage certificates","Poetry","Reports","Songbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["France--History--17th century","French language","Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715","Music--Manuscripts--France--18th century","Namur (Belgium)--History--Siege, 1692","Pirates--Africa, North--History--17th century","Spanish Succession, War of, 1701-1714","Contracts","Letters (correspondence)","Marriage certificates","Poetry","Reports","Songbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.75 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.75 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Contracts","Letters (correspondence)","Marriage certificates","Poetry","Reports","Songbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["The collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection of French Language Manuscripts, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Collection of French Language Manuscripts, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCreated in December 2011 by Benjamin Bromley, and edited by SCRC staff on an ongoing basis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Created in December 2011 by Benjamin Bromley, and edited by SCRC staff on an ongoing basis."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated publication: Kevin C. Robbins: Early Modern Burgundian Hospitals as Catalysts of Independent Political Activity Among Women: Lay Nurses and Electoral Empowerment, 1630-1750 http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.0642292.0035.005\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related publication: Kevin C. Robbins: Early Modern Burgundian Hospitals as Catalysts of Independent Political Activity Among Women: Lay Nurses and Electoral Empowerment, 1630-1750 http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.0642292.0035.005"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes manuscript material in French. The collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis. This collection has multiple creators, which have not been indexed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript of poetry and prose written by an unknown Jesuit priest which praises Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King. The full title is \"Receuil des plus beaux vers François qui ont estes faicts à la louange du roy Louis le Grand avec quelques autres pièces melangées\". There are over 150 individual works within this volume and all but one of them are poems. The largest number of the poems were written to commemorate the victory of the French army during the seige of Namur. Item cannot be displayed for technical reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficial report of the experiences of the French naval squadron in Spain in 1698, during the leadup to the War of Spanish Succession, authored by Jean duc d'Estrees. The full title of the report is as follows: \"Relation de ce qui s'est passé pendant la campagne des vaisseaux du Roy commandés par Monsieur le comte D'Estrées, en mil tin cens quatre vingt dix huit.\" Mentions the poor health of King Charles II of Spain, the state of the Spanish fleet, harassment by Algerian pirates, and the relationship between France and England. The Comte d'Estrées likely created this report and had it copied and disseminated to French officials. This copy comes from the papers of Michel Begon, a French civil servant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarriage contract between Nicolas Dubord and Marie Madgalène Salle, both of Le Havre, France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe document outlines the terms under which Michelle Gautier is going to join the religious order of the Sisters of Sainte-Marthe, Dijon (Burgundy), France. The contract lists names of other members of the order, as well as of local officials and the representative of the King. It addresses in detail the monetary contributions Gautier has to make and the rules she will have to follow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarriage contract between Louis François Nicolas Petitcolas and Jeanne Simon, daughter of Pierre Simon de Corcondray.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript chansonnier (songbook) kept by Alexandre Guichard of Stenay (Alsace, France), containing lyrics to 188 French songs. The date given on the first page is \"An 3 de la Republique,\" the 3rd year of the French Republic, which began on September 22, 1794, following the Reign of Terror.  The chansonnier  includes the lyrics but not the actual music for the songs, but always notes the tune to which it is sung. An alphabetical index can be found at the end.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes a postcard, December 30, 1941 from André Dangel, a French prisoner of war in a German POW camp to Marthe Sivadier (probably his wife) and his mother in Paris. Dangel expresses hope to be released and mentions that a fellow prisoner, who will be repatriated to France shortly is planning on visiting Marthe and his mother.\nAlso included is a letter, July 28, 1942, from Marthe Sivadier (Paris)  to André Dangel still in the POW camp (\"M.-Stammlater, V A\"). She talks about her work, complains that not enough effort has been made to secure Dangel's release from the camp, talks about upcoming vacation with family, how she spends her weekends and how she hopes that he will be released soon, due to his status as medic and father.\nBoth items are written in French, and the stationary is pre-printed  specifically for POW correspondence with address field, instructions, name of camp, etc., printed in both German and French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is an untranslated eight page document covered with Amsterdam paper.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes manuscript material in French. The collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis. This collection has multiple creators, which have not been indexed at this time.","Manuscript of poetry and prose written by an unknown Jesuit priest which praises Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King. The full title is \"Receuil des plus beaux vers François qui ont estes faicts à la louange du roy Louis le Grand avec quelques autres pièces melangées\". There are over 150 individual works within this volume and all but one of them are poems. The largest number of the poems were written to commemorate the victory of the French army during the seige of Namur. Item cannot be displayed for technical reasons.","Official report of the experiences of the French naval squadron in Spain in 1698, during the leadup to the War of Spanish Succession, authored by Jean duc d'Estrees. The full title of the report is as follows: \"Relation de ce qui s'est passé pendant la campagne des vaisseaux du Roy commandés par Monsieur le comte D'Estrées, en mil tin cens quatre vingt dix huit.\" Mentions the poor health of King Charles II of Spain, the state of the Spanish fleet, harassment by Algerian pirates, and the relationship between France and England. The Comte d'Estrées likely created this report and had it copied and disseminated to French officials. This copy comes from the papers of Michel Begon, a French civil servant.","Marriage contract between Nicolas Dubord and Marie Madgalène Salle, both of Le Havre, France.","The document outlines the terms under which Michelle Gautier is going to join the religious order of the Sisters of Sainte-Marthe, Dijon (Burgundy), France. The contract lists names of other members of the order, as well as of local officials and the representative of the King. It addresses in detail the monetary contributions Gautier has to make and the rules she will have to follow.","Marriage contract between Louis François Nicolas Petitcolas and Jeanne Simon, daughter of Pierre Simon de Corcondray.","Manuscript chansonnier (songbook) kept by Alexandre Guichard of Stenay (Alsace, France), containing lyrics to 188 French songs. The date given on the first page is \"An 3 de la Republique,\" the 3rd year of the French Republic, which began on September 22, 1794, following the Reign of Terror.  The chansonnier  includes the lyrics but not the actual music for the songs, but always notes the tune to which it is sung. An alphabetical index can be found at the end.","Correspondence includes a postcard, December 30, 1941 from André Dangel, a French prisoner of war in a German POW camp to Marthe Sivadier (probably his wife) and his mother in Paris. Dangel expresses hope to be released and mentions that a fellow prisoner, who will be repatriated to France shortly is planning on visiting Marthe and his mother.\nAlso included is a letter, July 28, 1942, from Marthe Sivadier (Paris)  to André Dangel still in the POW camp (\"M.-Stammlater, V A\"). She talks about her work, complains that not enough effort has been made to secure Dangel's release from the camp, talks about upcoming vacation with family, how she spends her weekends and how she hopes that he will be released soon, due to his status as medic and father.\nBoth items are written in French, and the stationary is pre-printed  specifically for POW correspondence with address field, instructions, name of camp, etc., printed in both German and French.","This is an untranslated eight page document covered with Amsterdam paper."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["French"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:42:14.909Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_457","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_457","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_457","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_457","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_457.xml","title_filing_ssi":"French Language Manuscripts, Collection of","title_ssm":["Collection of French Language Manuscripts"],"title_tesim":["Collection of French Language Manuscripts"],"unitdate_ssm":["1633-1942","1633-1795, 1942"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1633-1795, 1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1633-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 1.17","/repositories/2/resources/457"],"text":["Mss. 1.17","/repositories/2/resources/457","Collection of French Language Manuscripts","France--History--Revolution, 1789-1799","France--Songs and music","France--History--17th century","French language","Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715","Music--Manuscripts--France--18th century","Namur (Belgium)--History--Siege, 1692","Pirates--Africa, North--History--17th century","Spanish Succession, War of, 1701-1714","Contracts","Letters (correspondence)","Marriage certificates","Poetry","Reports","Songbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis.","Created in December 2011 by Benjamin Bromley, and edited by SCRC staff on an ongoing basis.","Related publication: Kevin C. Robbins: Early Modern Burgundian Hospitals as Catalysts of Independent Political Activity Among Women: Lay Nurses and Electoral Empowerment, 1630-1750 http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.0642292.0035.005","Includes manuscript material in French. The collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis. This collection has multiple creators, which have not been indexed at this time.","Manuscript of poetry and prose written by an unknown Jesuit priest which praises Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King. The full title is \"Receuil des plus beaux vers François qui ont estes faicts à la louange du roy Louis le Grand avec quelques autres pièces melangées\". There are over 150 individual works within this volume and all but one of them are poems. The largest number of the poems were written to commemorate the victory of the French army during the seige of Namur. Item cannot be displayed for technical reasons.","Official report of the experiences of the French naval squadron in Spain in 1698, during the leadup to the War of Spanish Succession, authored by Jean duc d'Estrees. The full title of the report is as follows: \"Relation de ce qui s'est passé pendant la campagne des vaisseaux du Roy commandés par Monsieur le comte D'Estrées, en mil tin cens quatre vingt dix huit.\" Mentions the poor health of King Charles II of Spain, the state of the Spanish fleet, harassment by Algerian pirates, and the relationship between France and England. The Comte d'Estrées likely created this report and had it copied and disseminated to French officials. This copy comes from the papers of Michel Begon, a French civil servant.","Marriage contract between Nicolas Dubord and Marie Madgalène Salle, both of Le Havre, France.","The document outlines the terms under which Michelle Gautier is going to join the religious order of the Sisters of Sainte-Marthe, Dijon (Burgundy), France. The contract lists names of other members of the order, as well as of local officials and the representative of the King. It addresses in detail the monetary contributions Gautier has to make and the rules she will have to follow.","Marriage contract between Louis François Nicolas Petitcolas and Jeanne Simon, daughter of Pierre Simon de Corcondray.","Manuscript chansonnier (songbook) kept by Alexandre Guichard of Stenay (Alsace, France), containing lyrics to 188 French songs. The date given on the first page is \"An 3 de la Republique,\" the 3rd year of the French Republic, which began on September 22, 1794, following the Reign of Terror.  The chansonnier  includes the lyrics but not the actual music for the songs, but always notes the tune to which it is sung. An alphabetical index can be found at the end.","Correspondence includes a postcard, December 30, 1941 from André Dangel, a French prisoner of war in a German POW camp to Marthe Sivadier (probably his wife) and his mother in Paris. Dangel expresses hope to be released and mentions that a fellow prisoner, who will be repatriated to France shortly is planning on visiting Marthe and his mother.\nAlso included is a letter, July 28, 1942, from Marthe Sivadier (Paris)  to André Dangel still in the POW camp (\"M.-Stammlater, V A\"). She talks about her work, complains that not enough effort has been made to secure Dangel's release from the camp, talks about upcoming vacation with family, how she spends her weekends and how she hopes that he will be released soon, due to his status as medic and father.\nBoth items are written in French, and the stationary is pre-printed  specifically for POW correspondence with address field, instructions, name of camp, etc., printed in both German and French.","This is an untranslated eight page document covered with Amsterdam paper.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","French"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 1.17","/repositories/2/resources/457"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of French Language Manuscripts"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of French Language Manuscripts"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of French Language Manuscripts"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["France--History--Revolution, 1789-1799","France--Songs and music"],"geogname_ssim":["France--History--Revolution, 1789-1799","France--Songs and music"],"places_ssim":["France--History--Revolution, 1789-1799","France--Songs and music"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchases, donations. Item 2016.024 is a gift from Suzanne C. Weber in memory of her husband, Robert L. Weber."],"access_subjects_ssim":["France--History--17th century","French language","Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715","Music--Manuscripts--France--18th century","Namur (Belgium)--History--Siege, 1692","Pirates--Africa, North--History--17th century","Spanish Succession, War of, 1701-1714","Contracts","Letters (correspondence)","Marriage certificates","Poetry","Reports","Songbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["France--History--17th century","French language","Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715","Music--Manuscripts--France--18th century","Namur (Belgium)--History--Siege, 1692","Pirates--Africa, North--History--17th century","Spanish Succession, War of, 1701-1714","Contracts","Letters (correspondence)","Marriage certificates","Poetry","Reports","Songbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.75 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.75 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Contracts","Letters (correspondence)","Marriage certificates","Poetry","Reports","Songbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["The collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection of French Language Manuscripts, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Collection of French Language Manuscripts, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCreated in December 2011 by Benjamin Bromley, and edited by SCRC staff on an ongoing basis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Created in December 2011 by Benjamin Bromley, and edited by SCRC staff on an ongoing basis."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRelated publication: Kevin C. Robbins: Early Modern Burgundian Hospitals as Catalysts of Independent Political Activity Among Women: Lay Nurses and Electoral Empowerment, 1630-1750 http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.0642292.0035.005\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related publication: Kevin C. Robbins: Early Modern Burgundian Hospitals as Catalysts of Independent Political Activity Among Women: Lay Nurses and Electoral Empowerment, 1630-1750 http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.0642292.0035.005"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes manuscript material in French. The collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis. This collection has multiple creators, which have not been indexed at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript of poetry and prose written by an unknown Jesuit priest which praises Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King. The full title is \"Receuil des plus beaux vers François qui ont estes faicts à la louange du roy Louis le Grand avec quelques autres pièces melangées\". There are over 150 individual works within this volume and all but one of them are poems. The largest number of the poems were written to commemorate the victory of the French army during the seige of Namur. Item cannot be displayed for technical reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficial report of the experiences of the French naval squadron in Spain in 1698, during the leadup to the War of Spanish Succession, authored by Jean duc d'Estrees. The full title of the report is as follows: \"Relation de ce qui s'est passé pendant la campagne des vaisseaux du Roy commandés par Monsieur le comte D'Estrées, en mil tin cens quatre vingt dix huit.\" Mentions the poor health of King Charles II of Spain, the state of the Spanish fleet, harassment by Algerian pirates, and the relationship between France and England. The Comte d'Estrées likely created this report and had it copied and disseminated to French officials. This copy comes from the papers of Michel Begon, a French civil servant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarriage contract between Nicolas Dubord and Marie Madgalène Salle, both of Le Havre, France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe document outlines the terms under which Michelle Gautier is going to join the religious order of the Sisters of Sainte-Marthe, Dijon (Burgundy), France. The contract lists names of other members of the order, as well as of local officials and the representative of the King. It addresses in detail the monetary contributions Gautier has to make and the rules she will have to follow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarriage contract between Louis François Nicolas Petitcolas and Jeanne Simon, daughter of Pierre Simon de Corcondray.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript chansonnier (songbook) kept by Alexandre Guichard of Stenay (Alsace, France), containing lyrics to 188 French songs. The date given on the first page is \"An 3 de la Republique,\" the 3rd year of the French Republic, which began on September 22, 1794, following the Reign of Terror.  The chansonnier  includes the lyrics but not the actual music for the songs, but always notes the tune to which it is sung. An alphabetical index can be found at the end.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes a postcard, December 30, 1941 from André Dangel, a French prisoner of war in a German POW camp to Marthe Sivadier (probably his wife) and his mother in Paris. Dangel expresses hope to be released and mentions that a fellow prisoner, who will be repatriated to France shortly is planning on visiting Marthe and his mother.\nAlso included is a letter, July 28, 1942, from Marthe Sivadier (Paris)  to André Dangel still in the POW camp (\"M.-Stammlater, V A\"). She talks about her work, complains that not enough effort has been made to secure Dangel's release from the camp, talks about upcoming vacation with family, how she spends her weekends and how she hopes that he will be released soon, due to his status as medic and father.\nBoth items are written in French, and the stationary is pre-printed  specifically for POW correspondence with address field, instructions, name of camp, etc., printed in both German and French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is an untranslated eight page document covered with Amsterdam paper.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes manuscript material in French. The collection is currently being processed and new items will be added on an ongoing basis. This collection has multiple creators, which have not been indexed at this time.","Manuscript of poetry and prose written by an unknown Jesuit priest which praises Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King. The full title is \"Receuil des plus beaux vers François qui ont estes faicts à la louange du roy Louis le Grand avec quelques autres pièces melangées\". There are over 150 individual works within this volume and all but one of them are poems. The largest number of the poems were written to commemorate the victory of the French army during the seige of Namur. Item cannot be displayed for technical reasons.","Official report of the experiences of the French naval squadron in Spain in 1698, during the leadup to the War of Spanish Succession, authored by Jean duc d'Estrees. The full title of the report is as follows: \"Relation de ce qui s'est passé pendant la campagne des vaisseaux du Roy commandés par Monsieur le comte D'Estrées, en mil tin cens quatre vingt dix huit.\" Mentions the poor health of King Charles II of Spain, the state of the Spanish fleet, harassment by Algerian pirates, and the relationship between France and England. The Comte d'Estrées likely created this report and had it copied and disseminated to French officials. This copy comes from the papers of Michel Begon, a French civil servant.","Marriage contract between Nicolas Dubord and Marie Madgalène Salle, both of Le Havre, France.","The document outlines the terms under which Michelle Gautier is going to join the religious order of the Sisters of Sainte-Marthe, Dijon (Burgundy), France. The contract lists names of other members of the order, as well as of local officials and the representative of the King. It addresses in detail the monetary contributions Gautier has to make and the rules she will have to follow.","Marriage contract between Louis François Nicolas Petitcolas and Jeanne Simon, daughter of Pierre Simon de Corcondray.","Manuscript chansonnier (songbook) kept by Alexandre Guichard of Stenay (Alsace, France), containing lyrics to 188 French songs. The date given on the first page is \"An 3 de la Republique,\" the 3rd year of the French Republic, which began on September 22, 1794, following the Reign of Terror.  The chansonnier  includes the lyrics but not the actual music for the songs, but always notes the tune to which it is sung. An alphabetical index can be found at the end.","Correspondence includes a postcard, December 30, 1941 from André Dangel, a French prisoner of war in a German POW camp to Marthe Sivadier (probably his wife) and his mother in Paris. Dangel expresses hope to be released and mentions that a fellow prisoner, who will be repatriated to France shortly is planning on visiting Marthe and his mother.\nAlso included is a letter, July 28, 1942, from Marthe Sivadier (Paris)  to André Dangel still in the POW camp (\"M.-Stammlater, V A\"). She talks about her work, complains that not enough effort has been made to secure Dangel's release from the camp, talks about upcoming vacation with family, how she spends her weekends and how she hopes that he will be released soon, due to his status as medic and father.\nBoth items are written in French, and the stationary is pre-printed  specifically for POW correspondence with address field, instructions, name of camp, etc., printed in both German and French.","This is an untranslated eight page document covered with Amsterdam paper."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["French"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:42:14.909Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_457"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_429","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Henkel Family Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_429#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Henkel family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_429#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, document the influential Henkel family of Rockingham and Shenandoah counties in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. The collection, primarily documenting the Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel line of the family, is comprised of correspondence, personal and financial papers, and genealogical research materials. The Renalds family is heavily documented in the 2023 accession materials.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_429#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_429","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_429","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_429","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_429","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_429.xml","title_ssm":["Henkel Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Henkel Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1801-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1801-2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0253","/repositories/4/resources/429"],"text":["SC 0253","/repositories/4/resources/429","Henkel Family Papers","New Market (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Slavery -- Virginia -- 19th century","Sawmills -- Virginia","Letters (correspondence)","Songbooks","Copybooks (instructional materials)","Personal papers","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Daybooks","Account books","Genealogies (histories)","Research notes","Photographs","Postcards","Family papers","School records","Report Cards","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A representative sample of course materials, comprising parctice invoices, checks, ledgers, day books, cash books, etc., created by Lillian Henkel and Harry S. Henkel were retained. Excessive duplicates, brittle and highly acidic documents, and materials with negligible research value were weeded from the 2023-0329 accession.","The collection is arranged in five series:","Correspondence, 1827-1913 Personal Papers, 1801-1881 Financial Files, 1832-1894 Genealogy and Research Files, 1890-2008 2023-0329 Accession, 1864-1923","United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service.  Plains Mill, VDHR File No. 082-5403, National Register of Historic Places Registration Form . 2014.","Wittig, Mildred Renalds.  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections . Harrisonburg, Va.: Custom Printing, 2014.","Several complete and thorough genealogies have been written about the Henkel family and their contributions as doctors, printers, entrepreneurs, millers, and religious leaders. As such, this biographical note does not serve as an exhaustive rehashing of previous scholarship. Researchers are encouraged to review published secondary sources for additional information on the Henkel family.","The Henkel Family of Virginia's Shenandoah Valley descends from Rev. Paul Henkel (1754-1825) and Elizabeth Henkel (d. 1843). Siram Peter Henkel, who along with his immediate family is primarily documented in this collection, was the fifth child of Dr. Solomon Henkel (1777-1847) and Rebecca Miller Henkel (1780-1854) and grandson of Rev. Paul Henkel.","Siram was born March 16, 1809 in New Market, Virginia. In an attempt to follow in his father's footsteps, Siram attended, but did not complete, medical school at the University of Pennsylvania. He married Margaret Koiner (variously spelled Coiner) Henkel (1820-1899) of Augusta County, Virginia on June 30, 1835. The couple settled at \"The Plains\" – located between New Market and Timberville – in September 1835 and their thirteen children, many of whom are also documented in this collection, were born and raised there. Siram farmed various crops and also operated a store and mill at The Plains. The Plains Mill was erected between 1847 and 1849 under the direction of Siram and his father Solomon, prior to his death in August 1847.","During the American Civil War, two of Siram and Margeret's sons served for the Confederacy. Lewis Philip (1837-1904) served in the Ordance Department of the Confederate Army. Around 1863, Lewis became a member of Co. H (Valley Rangers) of the 10th Virginia Cavalry. Luther Melanchton (1841-1919) was also a member of the Confederate Army and wrote home to his father from various camps. Lewis and Luther's brother Samuel Augustus (1840-1885) was exempt from military duty due to medical reasons. He became epileptic after sustaining injuries from run-away horses in 1855.","In 1878, one year prior to Siram's death, he sketched the plans for a new house at Plains Mill. The house was built in 1882 and served as the residence for Siram's widow, Margaret, until her death in 1899. The aforementioned sketch and photographs of the completed house are found in this collection.","Heleah Margaret Henkel, daughter of Siram and Margaret Henkel, married William M. Renalds in 1893. Their family is heavily documented in the 2023 accession materials.","Material was property of a Henkel family descendant, presumably Mildred Renalds Wittig, great-granddaughter of Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel.","Materials in the 2023-0329 accession, purchased from ZH Books, share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they descended through the Henkel family to Mildred Renalds Wittig before being sold at Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates' March 2, 2022 Winter Americana sale.","The materials in this series share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they descended through the Henkel family to Mildred Renalds Wittig before being sold at Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates' March 2, 2022 Winter Americana sale.","Much of the collection was received in three-ring binders with the manuscripts in plastic sleeves. The correspondence was generally arranged in chronological order. The documents were removed from the binders and plastic sleeves and placed in Mylar when necessary.","Henkel Family Papers, 1783-1916, SC 0099, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","Henkel Family Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University.","Henkel family records, 1838-1903. Business records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond.","Henkel-Miller Family Papers, 1793-1910, #14434, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.","Henkel Plain Mills Store Daybook, 1835-1849, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","Multiple collections under the accession number 8653, Special Collections Department, University of Virginia Library.","Many of the documents in this collection are copied and transcribed in Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection  (2014).","The Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, document the influential Henkel family of Shenandoah and Rockingham counties in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. The collection, chiefly documenting the Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel line of the family, is comprised primarily of correspondence written to Siram P. Henkel and includes letters from his sons Lewis and Luther during their service in the American Civil War. The collection also includes personal and financial papers of various Henkel family members including Siram's children and genealogical research materials, much of which was used to inform Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections  (2014).","Series 1: Correspondence, 1827-1913, chiefly contains letters written to Siram P. Henkel with correspondents including members of the Koiner/Coiner family of Augusta County, the Miller family of Winchester, and the Rupert family of Augusta County. The correspondents report on family and community news, marriages, health and illnesses, deaths, weather, harvest and planting updates, crop yields, and include fellow merchants requesting advice on the market of certain goods and numerous requests for Dr. Henkel's pills. Of particular interest are the letters written to Siram by his sons Lewis and Luther while serving in the American Civil War. The sons, and Luther in particular, write about camp life and general updates related to the war. In a December 21, 1861 letter to his father, Lewis P. Henkel writes from Winchester and mentions General Stonewall Jackson. He also refers to General Gilbert S. Meem as \"Genl. Drunk.\"","This series also contains correspondence to/from other Henkel family members including Dr. Solomon Henkel, Samuel G. Henkel, Solomon D. Henkel, Maggie Henkel Renalds, Lillian Henkel, and Margaret Koiner Henkel.","The documentary record confirms that Margaret Koiner Henkel's family were enslavers and given the date of much of the correspondence, a portion relates to slavery and enslaved persons. Delia Koiner Overholt wrote to her sister Margaret Henkel on May 28, 1847 relaying the news of their grandfather's death. She goes on to write that \"eleven or twelve blacks are to be sold and a great deal of property.\" In a January 24, 1857 letter to Siram Henkel, Delia Koiner Overholt writes again to describe in detail describes the sale of enslaved persons from her grandfather's estate. A similarly noteworthy letter, dated August 13, 1835, was penned by Siram Henkel to his wife Margaret in which he describes a large \"drove\" of enslaved persons that passed through the Valley. He describes the scene as follows: \"There were eighty-four chained together to one long chain; there were also a great many women and children that were also in company; the whole number of men, women \u0026 children was two hundred and forty.\" There are two original copies of this letter in the collection.","All correspondence addressed to Dr. Solomon Henkel and/or Solomon Henkel P.M. is filed with Solomon Henkel (1777-1847), who was a practicing physician and served as Shenandoah County's first postmaster. A concerted effort was made on behalf of the archivist to not confuse his papers with those of his son Solomon David Henkel (1815-1872).","Much of the correspondence includes envelopes or address leaves. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed with miscellaneous correspondence. Some of the letters have non-original annotations on the address leaves relating to content or the correspondents.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1801-1881, includes miscellaneous papers from the immediate family of Siram Henkel. School papers and writing assignements from Siram and Margaret Henkel's children, Lewis, Samuel, Julia, Martin, and Maggie are included. The documents include a January 17, 1881 essay on politeness written by Maggie Henkel.","The series also includes a manuscript music book penned by Siram's mother, Rebecca Miller Henkel, a grammar copybook belonging to Siram's brother Slyvanus Henkel, and Siram's 1878 plans for his family's new home place at Plains Mill.","Series 3: Financial Files, 1832-1894, contains receipts, ledger pages, and promissory notes. Included in Siram Henkel's financial papers is a form of the estimate and assessment of agricultural products to be taxed by the government of the Confederate States. Of particular interest is Paul P. Henkel's 1844-1872 daybook entitled \"Sawmill Book No. 3\" documenting the sawmill owned by Solomon Henkel. The daybook records prices for sawing and details sawing activities. Elizabeth Garber Renalds' account book and journal documents egg business and other farming and day-to-day activities while the family was living at the Lincoln Homestead on Linville Creek south of Broadway.","Series 4: Genealogy and Research Files, 1890-2008, is comprised of research material, much of which was used to inform Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections  (2014). Documents include family trees, facsimiles of correspondence and manuscript material not otherwise found in this collection, photographs of Henkel family members and properties including Plains Mill and the Plains School, newspaper clippings, Henkel family reunion materials, and blank postcards. An oversize reproduction of a blank family register printed by Ambrose Henkel \u0026 Comp. is included.","Series 5: 2023-0329 Accession, 1864-1923, includes Henkel family correspondence, Renalds family correspondence, and letters written to Ray Renalds while he was admitted to Rockingham Memorial Hospital in 1923 for an undisclosed illness.","School materials were created by Lillian Henkel while a student at the Shenandoah Institute in Dayton and Harry S. Henkel while a student at Dunsmore Business College in Staunton. Coursework created by Ray Renalds while a student at Shenandoah Luthern Institute is included.","Front covers of bound volumes are inscribed \"Lillian M. Henkel, Shenandoah Institute, Sept. 20, 1900\"","Tuition for Ray and Richard Renalds.","Several issues of serials including the  Lutheran Church Visitor  and the  Southern Churchman  have been removed from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection. Additionally, the facsimile publication of the  Day Book for Solomon Henkel at the Plains Mills, Rockingham County, Virginia  (2013) and Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections  (2nd ed., 2014) were removed from the collection and cataloged separately. Additional books and a broadside from the 2019 accession were cataloged separately. Two issues of  Shenandoah Valley  (1900), a New Market newspaper, were separated from the 2023-0329 accession and added to existing holdings in Special Collections.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, document the influential Henkel family of Rockingham and Shenandoah counties in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. The collection, primarily documenting the Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel line of the family, is comprised of correspondence, personal and financial papers, and genealogical research materials. The Renalds family is heavily documented in the 2023 accession materials.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books","Dunsmore Business College (Staunton, Va.)","Henkel family","Henkel family -- Correspondence","Henkel, Siram Peter, 1809-1879","English, German"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0253","/repositories/4/resources/429"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henkel Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henkel Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Henkel Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["New Market (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["New Market (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Henkel family","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books"],"creator_ssim":["Henkel family","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Henkel family"],"creators_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books","Henkel family"],"places_ssim":["New Market (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired from Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates' November 10, 2017 Americana \u0026 Fine Antiques Auction, Featuring Virginia and the South auction. A second accrual to this collection was acquired directly from Mildred Renalds Wittig in May 2019. This accession comprised mostly books from the family's collection and were cataloged separately. A second copy of the August 1835 letter from Siram Henkel to Margaret Henkel regarding a large group of enslaved persons being marched through the Shenandoah Valley was included and interfiled. An arithmetic book belonging to Samuel A. Henkel, 1854, was also interfiled. Materials that comprise the 2023-0329 accession were purchased from ZH Books in March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- Virginia -- 19th century","Sawmills -- Virginia","Letters (correspondence)","Songbooks","Copybooks (instructional materials)","Personal papers","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Daybooks","Account books","Genealogies (histories)","Research notes","Photographs","Postcards","Family papers","School records","Report Cards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- Virginia -- 19th century","Sawmills -- Virginia","Letters (correspondence)","Songbooks","Copybooks (instructional materials)","Personal papers","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Daybooks","Account books","Genealogies (histories)","Research notes","Photographs","Postcards","Family papers","School records","Report Cards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.08 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.08 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Songbooks","Copybooks (instructional materials)","Personal papers","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Daybooks","Account books","Genealogies (histories)","Research notes","Photographs","Postcards","Family papers","School records","Report Cards"],"date_range_isim":[1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA representative sample of course materials, comprising parctice invoices, checks, ledgers, day books, cash books, etc., created by Lillian Henkel and Harry S. Henkel were retained. Excessive duplicates, brittle and highly acidic documents, and materials with negligible research value were weeded from the 2023-0329 accession.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["A representative sample of course materials, comprising parctice invoices, checks, ledgers, day books, cash books, etc., created by Lillian Henkel and Harry S. Henkel were retained. Excessive duplicates, brittle and highly acidic documents, and materials with negligible research value were weeded from the 2023-0329 accession."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in five series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1827-1913\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1801-1881\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Files, 1832-1894\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGenealogy and Research Files, 1890-2008\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2023-0329 Accession, 1864-1923\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in five series:","Correspondence, 1827-1913 Personal Papers, 1801-1881 Financial Files, 1832-1894 Genealogy and Research Files, 1890-2008 2023-0329 Accession, 1864-1923"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eUnited States Department of the Interior, National Park Service. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePlains Mill, VDHR File No. 082-5403, National Register of Historic Places Registration Form\u003c/emph\u003e. 2014.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eWittig, Mildred Renalds. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHenkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg, Va.: Custom Printing, 2014.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service.  Plains Mill, VDHR File No. 082-5403, National Register of Historic Places Registration Form . 2014.","Wittig, Mildred Renalds.  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections . Harrisonburg, Va.: Custom Printing, 2014."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral complete and thorough genealogies have been written about the Henkel family and their contributions as doctors, printers, entrepreneurs, millers, and religious leaders. As such, this biographical note does not serve as an exhaustive rehashing of previous scholarship. Researchers are encouraged to review published secondary sources for additional information on the Henkel family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Henkel Family of Virginia's Shenandoah Valley descends from Rev. Paul Henkel (1754-1825) and Elizabeth Henkel (d. 1843). Siram Peter Henkel, who along with his immediate family is primarily documented in this collection, was the fifth child of Dr. Solomon Henkel (1777-1847) and Rebecca Miller Henkel (1780-1854) and grandson of Rev. Paul Henkel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSiram was born March 16, 1809 in New Market, Virginia. In an attempt to follow in his father's footsteps, Siram attended, but did not complete, medical school at the University of Pennsylvania. He married Margaret Koiner (variously spelled Coiner) Henkel (1820-1899) of Augusta County, Virginia on June 30, 1835. The couple settled at \"The Plains\" – located between New Market and Timberville – in September 1835 and their thirteen children, many of whom are also documented in this collection, were born and raised there. Siram farmed various crops and also operated a store and mill at The Plains. The Plains Mill was erected between 1847 and 1849 under the direction of Siram and his father Solomon, prior to his death in August 1847.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the American Civil War, two of Siram and Margeret's sons served for the Confederacy. Lewis Philip (1837-1904) served in the Ordance Department of the Confederate Army. Around 1863, Lewis became a member of Co. H (Valley Rangers) of the 10th Virginia Cavalry. Luther Melanchton (1841-1919) was also a member of the Confederate Army and wrote home to his father from various camps. Lewis and Luther's brother Samuel Augustus (1840-1885) was exempt from military duty due to medical reasons. He became epileptic after sustaining injuries from run-away horses in 1855.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1878, one year prior to Siram's death, he sketched the plans for a new house at Plains Mill. The house was built in 1882 and served as the residence for Siram's widow, Margaret, until her death in 1899. The aforementioned sketch and photographs of the completed house are found in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHeleah Margaret Henkel, daughter of Siram and Margaret Henkel, married William M. Renalds in 1893. Their family is heavily documented in the 2023 accession materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Several complete and thorough genealogies have been written about the Henkel family and their contributions as doctors, printers, entrepreneurs, millers, and religious leaders. As such, this biographical note does not serve as an exhaustive rehashing of previous scholarship. Researchers are encouraged to review published secondary sources for additional information on the Henkel family.","The Henkel Family of Virginia's Shenandoah Valley descends from Rev. Paul Henkel (1754-1825) and Elizabeth Henkel (d. 1843). Siram Peter Henkel, who along with his immediate family is primarily documented in this collection, was the fifth child of Dr. Solomon Henkel (1777-1847) and Rebecca Miller Henkel (1780-1854) and grandson of Rev. Paul Henkel.","Siram was born March 16, 1809 in New Market, Virginia. In an attempt to follow in his father's footsteps, Siram attended, but did not complete, medical school at the University of Pennsylvania. He married Margaret Koiner (variously spelled Coiner) Henkel (1820-1899) of Augusta County, Virginia on June 30, 1835. The couple settled at \"The Plains\" – located between New Market and Timberville – in September 1835 and their thirteen children, many of whom are also documented in this collection, were born and raised there. Siram farmed various crops and also operated a store and mill at The Plains. The Plains Mill was erected between 1847 and 1849 under the direction of Siram and his father Solomon, prior to his death in August 1847.","During the American Civil War, two of Siram and Margeret's sons served for the Confederacy. Lewis Philip (1837-1904) served in the Ordance Department of the Confederate Army. Around 1863, Lewis became a member of Co. H (Valley Rangers) of the 10th Virginia Cavalry. Luther Melanchton (1841-1919) was also a member of the Confederate Army and wrote home to his father from various camps. Lewis and Luther's brother Samuel Augustus (1840-1885) was exempt from military duty due to medical reasons. He became epileptic after sustaining injuries from run-away horses in 1855.","In 1878, one year prior to Siram's death, he sketched the plans for a new house at Plains Mill. The house was built in 1882 and served as the residence for Siram's widow, Margaret, until her death in 1899. The aforementioned sketch and photographs of the completed house are found in this collection.","Heleah Margaret Henkel, daughter of Siram and Margaret Henkel, married William M. Renalds in 1893. Their family is heavily documented in the 2023 accession materials."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterial was property of a Henkel family descendant, presumably Mildred Renalds Wittig, great-granddaughter of Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the 2023-0329 accession, purchased from ZH Books, share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they descended through the Henkel family to Mildred Renalds Wittig before being sold at Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026amp; Associates' March 2, 2022 Winter Americana sale.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they descended through the Henkel family to Mildred Renalds Wittig before being sold at Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026amp; Associates' March 2, 2022 Winter Americana sale.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance","Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Material was property of a Henkel family descendant, presumably Mildred Renalds Wittig, great-granddaughter of Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel.","Materials in the 2023-0329 accession, purchased from ZH Books, share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they descended through the Henkel family to Mildred Renalds Wittig before being sold at Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates' March 2, 2022 Winter Americana sale.","The materials in this series share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they descended through the Henkel family to Mildred Renalds Wittig before being sold at Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates' March 2, 2022 Winter Americana sale."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, SC 0253, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, SC 0253, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMuch of the collection was received in three-ring binders with the manuscripts in plastic sleeves. The correspondence was generally arranged in chronological order. The documents were removed from the binders and plastic sleeves and placed in Mylar when necessary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Much of the collection was received in three-ring binders with the manuscripts in plastic sleeves. The correspondence was generally arranged in chronological order. The documents were removed from the binders and plastic sleeves and placed in Mylar when necessary."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenkel Family Papers, 1783-1916, SC 0099, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenkel Family Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenkel family records, 1838-1903. Business records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenkel-Miller Family Papers, 1793-1910, #14434, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenkel Plain Mills Store Daybook, 1835-1849, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMultiple collections under the accession number 8653, Special Collections Department, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the documents in this collection are copied and transcribed in Mildred Renalds Wittig's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHenkel – Renalds Connection\u003c/emph\u003e (2014).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Henkel Family Papers, 1783-1916, SC 0099, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","Henkel Family Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University.","Henkel family records, 1838-1903. Business records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond.","Henkel-Miller Family Papers, 1793-1910, #14434, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.","Henkel Plain Mills Store Daybook, 1835-1849, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","Multiple collections under the accession number 8653, Special Collections Department, University of Virginia Library.","Many of the documents in this collection are copied and transcribed in Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection  (2014)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, document the influential Henkel family of Shenandoah and Rockingham counties in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. The collection, chiefly documenting the Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel line of the family, is comprised primarily of correspondence written to Siram P. Henkel and includes letters from his sons Lewis and Luther during their service in the American Civil War. The collection also includes personal and financial papers of various Henkel family members including Siram's children and genealogical research materials, much of which was used to inform Mildred Renalds Wittig's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHenkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections\u003c/emph\u003e (2014).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1827-1913, chiefly contains letters written to Siram P. Henkel with correspondents including members of the Koiner/Coiner family of Augusta County, the Miller family of Winchester, and the Rupert family of Augusta County. The correspondents report on family and community news, marriages, health and illnesses, deaths, weather, harvest and planting updates, crop yields, and include fellow merchants requesting advice on the market of certain goods and numerous requests for Dr. Henkel's pills. Of particular interest are the letters written to Siram by his sons Lewis and Luther while serving in the American Civil War. The sons, and Luther in particular, write about camp life and general updates related to the war. In a December 21, 1861 letter to his father, Lewis P. Henkel writes from Winchester and mentions General Stonewall Jackson. He also refers to General Gilbert S. Meem as \"Genl. Drunk.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series also contains correspondence to/from other Henkel family members including Dr. Solomon Henkel, Samuel G. Henkel, Solomon D. Henkel, Maggie Henkel Renalds, Lillian Henkel, and Margaret Koiner Henkel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe documentary record confirms that Margaret Koiner Henkel's family were enslavers and given the date of much of the correspondence, a portion relates to slavery and enslaved persons. Delia Koiner Overholt wrote to her sister Margaret Henkel on May 28, 1847 relaying the news of their grandfather's death. She goes on to write that \"eleven or twelve blacks are to be sold and a great deal of property.\" In a January 24, 1857 letter to Siram Henkel, Delia Koiner Overholt writes again to describe in detail describes the sale of enslaved persons from her grandfather's estate. A similarly noteworthy letter, dated August 13, 1835, was penned by Siram Henkel to his wife Margaret in which he describes a large \"drove\" of enslaved persons that passed through the Valley. He describes the scene as follows: \"There were eighty-four chained together to one long chain; there were also a great many women and children that were also in company; the whole number of men, women \u0026amp; children was two hundred and forty.\" There are two original copies of this letter in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll correspondence addressed to Dr. Solomon Henkel and/or Solomon Henkel P.M. is filed with Solomon Henkel (1777-1847), who was a practicing physician and served as Shenandoah County's first postmaster. A concerted effort was made on behalf of the archivist to not confuse his papers with those of his son Solomon David Henkel (1815-1872).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMuch of the correspondence includes envelopes or address leaves. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed with miscellaneous correspondence. Some of the letters have non-original annotations on the address leaves relating to content or the correspondents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1801-1881, includes miscellaneous papers from the immediate family of Siram Henkel. School papers and writing assignements from Siram and Margaret Henkel's children, Lewis, Samuel, Julia, Martin, and Maggie are included. The documents include a January 17, 1881 essay on politeness written by Maggie Henkel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe series also includes a manuscript music book penned by Siram's mother, Rebecca Miller Henkel, a grammar copybook belonging to Siram's brother Slyvanus Henkel, and Siram's 1878 plans for his family's new home place at Plains Mill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Financial Files, 1832-1894, contains receipts, ledger pages, and promissory notes. Included in Siram Henkel's financial papers is a form of the estimate and assessment of agricultural products to be taxed by the government of the Confederate States. Of particular interest is Paul P. Henkel's 1844-1872 daybook entitled \"Sawmill Book No. 3\" documenting the sawmill owned by Solomon Henkel. The daybook records prices for sawing and details sawing activities. Elizabeth Garber Renalds' account book and journal documents egg business and other farming and day-to-day activities while the family was living at the Lincoln Homestead on Linville Creek south of Broadway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Genealogy and Research Files, 1890-2008, is comprised of research material, much of which was used to inform Mildred Renalds Wittig's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHenkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections\u003c/emph\u003e (2014). Documents include family trees, facsimiles of correspondence and manuscript material not otherwise found in this collection, photographs of Henkel family members and properties including Plains Mill and the Plains School, newspaper clippings, Henkel family reunion materials, and blank postcards. An oversize reproduction of a blank family register printed by Ambrose Henkel \u0026amp; Comp. is included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: 2023-0329 Accession, 1864-1923, includes Henkel family correspondence, Renalds family correspondence, and letters written to Ray Renalds while he was admitted to Rockingham Memorial Hospital in 1923 for an undisclosed illness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSchool materials were created by Lillian Henkel while a student at the Shenandoah Institute in Dayton and Harry S. Henkel while a student at Dunsmore Business College in Staunton. Coursework created by Ray Renalds while a student at Shenandoah Luthern Institute is included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFront covers of bound volumes are inscribed \"Lillian M. Henkel, Shenandoah Institute, Sept. 20, 1900\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTuition for Ray and Richard Renalds.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, document the influential Henkel family of Shenandoah and Rockingham counties in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. The collection, chiefly documenting the Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel line of the family, is comprised primarily of correspondence written to Siram P. Henkel and includes letters from his sons Lewis and Luther during their service in the American Civil War. The collection also includes personal and financial papers of various Henkel family members including Siram's children and genealogical research materials, much of which was used to inform Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections  (2014).","Series 1: Correspondence, 1827-1913, chiefly contains letters written to Siram P. Henkel with correspondents including members of the Koiner/Coiner family of Augusta County, the Miller family of Winchester, and the Rupert family of Augusta County. The correspondents report on family and community news, marriages, health and illnesses, deaths, weather, harvest and planting updates, crop yields, and include fellow merchants requesting advice on the market of certain goods and numerous requests for Dr. Henkel's pills. Of particular interest are the letters written to Siram by his sons Lewis and Luther while serving in the American Civil War. The sons, and Luther in particular, write about camp life and general updates related to the war. In a December 21, 1861 letter to his father, Lewis P. Henkel writes from Winchester and mentions General Stonewall Jackson. He also refers to General Gilbert S. Meem as \"Genl. Drunk.\"","This series also contains correspondence to/from other Henkel family members including Dr. Solomon Henkel, Samuel G. Henkel, Solomon D. Henkel, Maggie Henkel Renalds, Lillian Henkel, and Margaret Koiner Henkel.","The documentary record confirms that Margaret Koiner Henkel's family were enslavers and given the date of much of the correspondence, a portion relates to slavery and enslaved persons. Delia Koiner Overholt wrote to her sister Margaret Henkel on May 28, 1847 relaying the news of their grandfather's death. She goes on to write that \"eleven or twelve blacks are to be sold and a great deal of property.\" In a January 24, 1857 letter to Siram Henkel, Delia Koiner Overholt writes again to describe in detail describes the sale of enslaved persons from her grandfather's estate. A similarly noteworthy letter, dated August 13, 1835, was penned by Siram Henkel to his wife Margaret in which he describes a large \"drove\" of enslaved persons that passed through the Valley. He describes the scene as follows: \"There were eighty-four chained together to one long chain; there were also a great many women and children that were also in company; the whole number of men, women \u0026 children was two hundred and forty.\" There are two original copies of this letter in the collection.","All correspondence addressed to Dr. Solomon Henkel and/or Solomon Henkel P.M. is filed with Solomon Henkel (1777-1847), who was a practicing physician and served as Shenandoah County's first postmaster. A concerted effort was made on behalf of the archivist to not confuse his papers with those of his son Solomon David Henkel (1815-1872).","Much of the correspondence includes envelopes or address leaves. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed with miscellaneous correspondence. Some of the letters have non-original annotations on the address leaves relating to content or the correspondents.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1801-1881, includes miscellaneous papers from the immediate family of Siram Henkel. School papers and writing assignements from Siram and Margaret Henkel's children, Lewis, Samuel, Julia, Martin, and Maggie are included. The documents include a January 17, 1881 essay on politeness written by Maggie Henkel.","The series also includes a manuscript music book penned by Siram's mother, Rebecca Miller Henkel, a grammar copybook belonging to Siram's brother Slyvanus Henkel, and Siram's 1878 plans for his family's new home place at Plains Mill.","Series 3: Financial Files, 1832-1894, contains receipts, ledger pages, and promissory notes. Included in Siram Henkel's financial papers is a form of the estimate and assessment of agricultural products to be taxed by the government of the Confederate States. Of particular interest is Paul P. Henkel's 1844-1872 daybook entitled \"Sawmill Book No. 3\" documenting the sawmill owned by Solomon Henkel. The daybook records prices for sawing and details sawing activities. Elizabeth Garber Renalds' account book and journal documents egg business and other farming and day-to-day activities while the family was living at the Lincoln Homestead on Linville Creek south of Broadway.","Series 4: Genealogy and Research Files, 1890-2008, is comprised of research material, much of which was used to inform Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections  (2014). Documents include family trees, facsimiles of correspondence and manuscript material not otherwise found in this collection, photographs of Henkel family members and properties including Plains Mill and the Plains School, newspaper clippings, Henkel family reunion materials, and blank postcards. An oversize reproduction of a blank family register printed by Ambrose Henkel \u0026 Comp. is included.","Series 5: 2023-0329 Accession, 1864-1923, includes Henkel family correspondence, Renalds family correspondence, and letters written to Ray Renalds while he was admitted to Rockingham Memorial Hospital in 1923 for an undisclosed illness.","School materials were created by Lillian Henkel while a student at the Shenandoah Institute in Dayton and Harry S. Henkel while a student at Dunsmore Business College in Staunton. Coursework created by Ray Renalds while a student at Shenandoah Luthern Institute is included.","Front covers of bound volumes are inscribed \"Lillian M. Henkel, Shenandoah Institute, Sept. 20, 1900\"","Tuition for Ray and Richard Renalds."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral issues of serials including the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLutheran Church Visitor\u003c/emph\u003e and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchman\u003c/emph\u003e have been removed from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection. Additionally, the facsimile publication of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDay Book for Solomon Henkel at the Plains Mills, Rockingham County, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e (2013) and Mildred Renalds Wittig's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHenkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections\u003c/emph\u003e (2nd ed., 2014) were removed from the collection and cataloged separately. Additional books and a broadside from the 2019 accession were cataloged separately. Two issues of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e (1900), a New Market newspaper, were separated from the 2023-0329 accession and added to existing holdings in Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Several issues of serials including the  Lutheran Church Visitor  and the  Southern Churchman  have been removed from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection. Additionally, the facsimile publication of the  Day Book for Solomon Henkel at the Plains Mills, Rockingham County, Virginia  (2013) and Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections  (2nd ed., 2014) were removed from the collection and cataloged separately. Additional books and a broadside from the 2019 accession were cataloged separately. Two issues of  Shenandoah Valley  (1900), a New Market newspaper, were separated from the 2023-0329 accession and added to existing holdings in Special Collections."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fe701131976635fcfbf3af795f2aa11a\"\u003eThe Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, document the influential Henkel family of Rockingham and Shenandoah counties in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. The collection, primarily documenting the Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel line of the family, is comprised of correspondence, personal and financial papers, and genealogical research materials. The Renalds family is heavily documented in the 2023 accession materials.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, document the influential Henkel family of Rockingham and Shenandoah counties in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. The collection, primarily documenting the Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel line of the family, is comprised of correspondence, personal and financial papers, and genealogical research materials. The Renalds family is heavily documented in the 2023 accession materials."],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books","Henkel family -- Correspondence","Henkel, Siram Peter, 1809-1879"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books","Dunsmore Business College (Staunton, Va.)","Henkel family","Henkel family -- Correspondence","Henkel, Siram Peter, 1809-1879"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books","Dunsmore Business College (Staunton, Va.)"],"famname_ssim":["Henkel family","Henkel family -- Correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Henkel, Siram Peter, 1809-1879"],"language_ssim":["English, German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":108,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:19:36.409Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_429","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_429","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_429","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_429","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_429.xml","title_ssm":["Henkel Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Henkel Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1801-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1801-2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0253","/repositories/4/resources/429"],"text":["SC 0253","/repositories/4/resources/429","Henkel Family Papers","New Market (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Slavery -- Virginia -- 19th century","Sawmills -- Virginia","Letters (correspondence)","Songbooks","Copybooks (instructional materials)","Personal papers","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Daybooks","Account books","Genealogies (histories)","Research notes","Photographs","Postcards","Family papers","School records","Report Cards","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A representative sample of course materials, comprising parctice invoices, checks, ledgers, day books, cash books, etc., created by Lillian Henkel and Harry S. Henkel were retained. Excessive duplicates, brittle and highly acidic documents, and materials with negligible research value were weeded from the 2023-0329 accession.","The collection is arranged in five series:","Correspondence, 1827-1913 Personal Papers, 1801-1881 Financial Files, 1832-1894 Genealogy and Research Files, 1890-2008 2023-0329 Accession, 1864-1923","United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service.  Plains Mill, VDHR File No. 082-5403, National Register of Historic Places Registration Form . 2014.","Wittig, Mildred Renalds.  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections . Harrisonburg, Va.: Custom Printing, 2014.","Several complete and thorough genealogies have been written about the Henkel family and their contributions as doctors, printers, entrepreneurs, millers, and religious leaders. As such, this biographical note does not serve as an exhaustive rehashing of previous scholarship. Researchers are encouraged to review published secondary sources for additional information on the Henkel family.","The Henkel Family of Virginia's Shenandoah Valley descends from Rev. Paul Henkel (1754-1825) and Elizabeth Henkel (d. 1843). Siram Peter Henkel, who along with his immediate family is primarily documented in this collection, was the fifth child of Dr. Solomon Henkel (1777-1847) and Rebecca Miller Henkel (1780-1854) and grandson of Rev. Paul Henkel.","Siram was born March 16, 1809 in New Market, Virginia. In an attempt to follow in his father's footsteps, Siram attended, but did not complete, medical school at the University of Pennsylvania. He married Margaret Koiner (variously spelled Coiner) Henkel (1820-1899) of Augusta County, Virginia on June 30, 1835. The couple settled at \"The Plains\" – located between New Market and Timberville – in September 1835 and their thirteen children, many of whom are also documented in this collection, were born and raised there. Siram farmed various crops and also operated a store and mill at The Plains. The Plains Mill was erected between 1847 and 1849 under the direction of Siram and his father Solomon, prior to his death in August 1847.","During the American Civil War, two of Siram and Margeret's sons served for the Confederacy. Lewis Philip (1837-1904) served in the Ordance Department of the Confederate Army. Around 1863, Lewis became a member of Co. H (Valley Rangers) of the 10th Virginia Cavalry. Luther Melanchton (1841-1919) was also a member of the Confederate Army and wrote home to his father from various camps. Lewis and Luther's brother Samuel Augustus (1840-1885) was exempt from military duty due to medical reasons. He became epileptic after sustaining injuries from run-away horses in 1855.","In 1878, one year prior to Siram's death, he sketched the plans for a new house at Plains Mill. The house was built in 1882 and served as the residence for Siram's widow, Margaret, until her death in 1899. The aforementioned sketch and photographs of the completed house are found in this collection.","Heleah Margaret Henkel, daughter of Siram and Margaret Henkel, married William M. Renalds in 1893. Their family is heavily documented in the 2023 accession materials.","Material was property of a Henkel family descendant, presumably Mildred Renalds Wittig, great-granddaughter of Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel.","Materials in the 2023-0329 accession, purchased from ZH Books, share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they descended through the Henkel family to Mildred Renalds Wittig before being sold at Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates' March 2, 2022 Winter Americana sale.","The materials in this series share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they descended through the Henkel family to Mildred Renalds Wittig before being sold at Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates' March 2, 2022 Winter Americana sale.","Much of the collection was received in three-ring binders with the manuscripts in plastic sleeves. The correspondence was generally arranged in chronological order. The documents were removed from the binders and plastic sleeves and placed in Mylar when necessary.","Henkel Family Papers, 1783-1916, SC 0099, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","Henkel Family Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University.","Henkel family records, 1838-1903. Business records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond.","Henkel-Miller Family Papers, 1793-1910, #14434, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.","Henkel Plain Mills Store Daybook, 1835-1849, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","Multiple collections under the accession number 8653, Special Collections Department, University of Virginia Library.","Many of the documents in this collection are copied and transcribed in Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection  (2014).","The Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, document the influential Henkel family of Shenandoah and Rockingham counties in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. The collection, chiefly documenting the Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel line of the family, is comprised primarily of correspondence written to Siram P. Henkel and includes letters from his sons Lewis and Luther during their service in the American Civil War. The collection also includes personal and financial papers of various Henkel family members including Siram's children and genealogical research materials, much of which was used to inform Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections  (2014).","Series 1: Correspondence, 1827-1913, chiefly contains letters written to Siram P. Henkel with correspondents including members of the Koiner/Coiner family of Augusta County, the Miller family of Winchester, and the Rupert family of Augusta County. The correspondents report on family and community news, marriages, health and illnesses, deaths, weather, harvest and planting updates, crop yields, and include fellow merchants requesting advice on the market of certain goods and numerous requests for Dr. Henkel's pills. Of particular interest are the letters written to Siram by his sons Lewis and Luther while serving in the American Civil War. The sons, and Luther in particular, write about camp life and general updates related to the war. In a December 21, 1861 letter to his father, Lewis P. Henkel writes from Winchester and mentions General Stonewall Jackson. He also refers to General Gilbert S. Meem as \"Genl. Drunk.\"","This series also contains correspondence to/from other Henkel family members including Dr. Solomon Henkel, Samuel G. Henkel, Solomon D. Henkel, Maggie Henkel Renalds, Lillian Henkel, and Margaret Koiner Henkel.","The documentary record confirms that Margaret Koiner Henkel's family were enslavers and given the date of much of the correspondence, a portion relates to slavery and enslaved persons. Delia Koiner Overholt wrote to her sister Margaret Henkel on May 28, 1847 relaying the news of their grandfather's death. She goes on to write that \"eleven or twelve blacks are to be sold and a great deal of property.\" In a January 24, 1857 letter to Siram Henkel, Delia Koiner Overholt writes again to describe in detail describes the sale of enslaved persons from her grandfather's estate. A similarly noteworthy letter, dated August 13, 1835, was penned by Siram Henkel to his wife Margaret in which he describes a large \"drove\" of enslaved persons that passed through the Valley. He describes the scene as follows: \"There were eighty-four chained together to one long chain; there were also a great many women and children that were also in company; the whole number of men, women \u0026 children was two hundred and forty.\" There are two original copies of this letter in the collection.","All correspondence addressed to Dr. Solomon Henkel and/or Solomon Henkel P.M. is filed with Solomon Henkel (1777-1847), who was a practicing physician and served as Shenandoah County's first postmaster. A concerted effort was made on behalf of the archivist to not confuse his papers with those of his son Solomon David Henkel (1815-1872).","Much of the correspondence includes envelopes or address leaves. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed with miscellaneous correspondence. Some of the letters have non-original annotations on the address leaves relating to content or the correspondents.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1801-1881, includes miscellaneous papers from the immediate family of Siram Henkel. School papers and writing assignements from Siram and Margaret Henkel's children, Lewis, Samuel, Julia, Martin, and Maggie are included. The documents include a January 17, 1881 essay on politeness written by Maggie Henkel.","The series also includes a manuscript music book penned by Siram's mother, Rebecca Miller Henkel, a grammar copybook belonging to Siram's brother Slyvanus Henkel, and Siram's 1878 plans for his family's new home place at Plains Mill.","Series 3: Financial Files, 1832-1894, contains receipts, ledger pages, and promissory notes. Included in Siram Henkel's financial papers is a form of the estimate and assessment of agricultural products to be taxed by the government of the Confederate States. Of particular interest is Paul P. Henkel's 1844-1872 daybook entitled \"Sawmill Book No. 3\" documenting the sawmill owned by Solomon Henkel. The daybook records prices for sawing and details sawing activities. Elizabeth Garber Renalds' account book and journal documents egg business and other farming and day-to-day activities while the family was living at the Lincoln Homestead on Linville Creek south of Broadway.","Series 4: Genealogy and Research Files, 1890-2008, is comprised of research material, much of which was used to inform Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections  (2014). Documents include family trees, facsimiles of correspondence and manuscript material not otherwise found in this collection, photographs of Henkel family members and properties including Plains Mill and the Plains School, newspaper clippings, Henkel family reunion materials, and blank postcards. An oversize reproduction of a blank family register printed by Ambrose Henkel \u0026 Comp. is included.","Series 5: 2023-0329 Accession, 1864-1923, includes Henkel family correspondence, Renalds family correspondence, and letters written to Ray Renalds while he was admitted to Rockingham Memorial Hospital in 1923 for an undisclosed illness.","School materials were created by Lillian Henkel while a student at the Shenandoah Institute in Dayton and Harry S. Henkel while a student at Dunsmore Business College in Staunton. Coursework created by Ray Renalds while a student at Shenandoah Luthern Institute is included.","Front covers of bound volumes are inscribed \"Lillian M. Henkel, Shenandoah Institute, Sept. 20, 1900\"","Tuition for Ray and Richard Renalds.","Several issues of serials including the  Lutheran Church Visitor  and the  Southern Churchman  have been removed from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection. Additionally, the facsimile publication of the  Day Book for Solomon Henkel at the Plains Mills, Rockingham County, Virginia  (2013) and Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections  (2nd ed., 2014) were removed from the collection and cataloged separately. Additional books and a broadside from the 2019 accession were cataloged separately. Two issues of  Shenandoah Valley  (1900), a New Market newspaper, were separated from the 2023-0329 accession and added to existing holdings in Special Collections.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, document the influential Henkel family of Rockingham and Shenandoah counties in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. The collection, primarily documenting the Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel line of the family, is comprised of correspondence, personal and financial papers, and genealogical research materials. The Renalds family is heavily documented in the 2023 accession materials.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books","Dunsmore Business College (Staunton, Va.)","Henkel family","Henkel family -- Correspondence","Henkel, Siram Peter, 1809-1879","English, German"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0253","/repositories/4/resources/429"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henkel Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henkel Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Henkel Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["New Market (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["New Market (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Henkel family","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books"],"creator_ssim":["Henkel family","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Henkel family"],"creators_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books","Henkel family"],"places_ssim":["New Market (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"," United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired from Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates' November 10, 2017 Americana \u0026 Fine Antiques Auction, Featuring Virginia and the South auction. A second accrual to this collection was acquired directly from Mildred Renalds Wittig in May 2019. This accession comprised mostly books from the family's collection and were cataloged separately. A second copy of the August 1835 letter from Siram Henkel to Margaret Henkel regarding a large group of enslaved persons being marched through the Shenandoah Valley was included and interfiled. An arithmetic book belonging to Samuel A. Henkel, 1854, was also interfiled. Materials that comprise the 2023-0329 accession were purchased from ZH Books in March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- Virginia -- 19th century","Sawmills -- Virginia","Letters (correspondence)","Songbooks","Copybooks (instructional materials)","Personal papers","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Daybooks","Account books","Genealogies (histories)","Research notes","Photographs","Postcards","Family papers","School records","Report Cards"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- Virginia -- 19th century","Sawmills -- Virginia","Letters (correspondence)","Songbooks","Copybooks (instructional materials)","Personal papers","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Daybooks","Account books","Genealogies (histories)","Research notes","Photographs","Postcards","Family papers","School records","Report Cards"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.08 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.08 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Songbooks","Copybooks (instructional materials)","Personal papers","Financial Records","Promissory notes","Receipts (financial records)","Daybooks","Account books","Genealogies (histories)","Research notes","Photographs","Postcards","Family papers","School records","Report Cards"],"date_range_isim":[1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA representative sample of course materials, comprising parctice invoices, checks, ledgers, day books, cash books, etc., created by Lillian Henkel and Harry S. Henkel were retained. Excessive duplicates, brittle and highly acidic documents, and materials with negligible research value were weeded from the 2023-0329 accession.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["A representative sample of course materials, comprising parctice invoices, checks, ledgers, day books, cash books, etc., created by Lillian Henkel and Harry S. Henkel were retained. Excessive duplicates, brittle and highly acidic documents, and materials with negligible research value were weeded from the 2023-0329 accession."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in five series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1827-1913\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1801-1881\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Files, 1832-1894\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGenealogy and Research Files, 1890-2008\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2023-0329 Accession, 1864-1923\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in five series:","Correspondence, 1827-1913 Personal Papers, 1801-1881 Financial Files, 1832-1894 Genealogy and Research Files, 1890-2008 2023-0329 Accession, 1864-1923"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eUnited States Department of the Interior, National Park Service. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePlains Mill, VDHR File No. 082-5403, National Register of Historic Places Registration Form\u003c/emph\u003e. 2014.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eWittig, Mildred Renalds. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHenkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg, Va.: Custom Printing, 2014.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service.  Plains Mill, VDHR File No. 082-5403, National Register of Historic Places Registration Form . 2014.","Wittig, Mildred Renalds.  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections . Harrisonburg, Va.: Custom Printing, 2014."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral complete and thorough genealogies have been written about the Henkel family and their contributions as doctors, printers, entrepreneurs, millers, and religious leaders. As such, this biographical note does not serve as an exhaustive rehashing of previous scholarship. Researchers are encouraged to review published secondary sources for additional information on the Henkel family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Henkel Family of Virginia's Shenandoah Valley descends from Rev. Paul Henkel (1754-1825) and Elizabeth Henkel (d. 1843). Siram Peter Henkel, who along with his immediate family is primarily documented in this collection, was the fifth child of Dr. Solomon Henkel (1777-1847) and Rebecca Miller Henkel (1780-1854) and grandson of Rev. Paul Henkel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSiram was born March 16, 1809 in New Market, Virginia. In an attempt to follow in his father's footsteps, Siram attended, but did not complete, medical school at the University of Pennsylvania. He married Margaret Koiner (variously spelled Coiner) Henkel (1820-1899) of Augusta County, Virginia on June 30, 1835. The couple settled at \"The Plains\" – located between New Market and Timberville – in September 1835 and their thirteen children, many of whom are also documented in this collection, were born and raised there. Siram farmed various crops and also operated a store and mill at The Plains. The Plains Mill was erected between 1847 and 1849 under the direction of Siram and his father Solomon, prior to his death in August 1847.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the American Civil War, two of Siram and Margeret's sons served for the Confederacy. Lewis Philip (1837-1904) served in the Ordance Department of the Confederate Army. Around 1863, Lewis became a member of Co. H (Valley Rangers) of the 10th Virginia Cavalry. Luther Melanchton (1841-1919) was also a member of the Confederate Army and wrote home to his father from various camps. Lewis and Luther's brother Samuel Augustus (1840-1885) was exempt from military duty due to medical reasons. He became epileptic after sustaining injuries from run-away horses in 1855.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1878, one year prior to Siram's death, he sketched the plans for a new house at Plains Mill. The house was built in 1882 and served as the residence for Siram's widow, Margaret, until her death in 1899. The aforementioned sketch and photographs of the completed house are found in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHeleah Margaret Henkel, daughter of Siram and Margaret Henkel, married William M. Renalds in 1893. Their family is heavily documented in the 2023 accession materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Several complete and thorough genealogies have been written about the Henkel family and their contributions as doctors, printers, entrepreneurs, millers, and religious leaders. As such, this biographical note does not serve as an exhaustive rehashing of previous scholarship. Researchers are encouraged to review published secondary sources for additional information on the Henkel family.","The Henkel Family of Virginia's Shenandoah Valley descends from Rev. Paul Henkel (1754-1825) and Elizabeth Henkel (d. 1843). Siram Peter Henkel, who along with his immediate family is primarily documented in this collection, was the fifth child of Dr. Solomon Henkel (1777-1847) and Rebecca Miller Henkel (1780-1854) and grandson of Rev. Paul Henkel.","Siram was born March 16, 1809 in New Market, Virginia. In an attempt to follow in his father's footsteps, Siram attended, but did not complete, medical school at the University of Pennsylvania. He married Margaret Koiner (variously spelled Coiner) Henkel (1820-1899) of Augusta County, Virginia on June 30, 1835. The couple settled at \"The Plains\" – located between New Market and Timberville – in September 1835 and their thirteen children, many of whom are also documented in this collection, were born and raised there. Siram farmed various crops and also operated a store and mill at The Plains. The Plains Mill was erected between 1847 and 1849 under the direction of Siram and his father Solomon, prior to his death in August 1847.","During the American Civil War, two of Siram and Margeret's sons served for the Confederacy. Lewis Philip (1837-1904) served in the Ordance Department of the Confederate Army. Around 1863, Lewis became a member of Co. H (Valley Rangers) of the 10th Virginia Cavalry. Luther Melanchton (1841-1919) was also a member of the Confederate Army and wrote home to his father from various camps. Lewis and Luther's brother Samuel Augustus (1840-1885) was exempt from military duty due to medical reasons. He became epileptic after sustaining injuries from run-away horses in 1855.","In 1878, one year prior to Siram's death, he sketched the plans for a new house at Plains Mill. The house was built in 1882 and served as the residence for Siram's widow, Margaret, until her death in 1899. The aforementioned sketch and photographs of the completed house are found in this collection.","Heleah Margaret Henkel, daughter of Siram and Margaret Henkel, married William M. Renalds in 1893. Their family is heavily documented in the 2023 accession materials."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterial was property of a Henkel family descendant, presumably Mildred Renalds Wittig, great-granddaughter of Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the 2023-0329 accession, purchased from ZH Books, share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they descended through the Henkel family to Mildred Renalds Wittig before being sold at Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026amp; Associates' March 2, 2022 Winter Americana sale.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they descended through the Henkel family to Mildred Renalds Wittig before being sold at Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026amp; Associates' March 2, 2022 Winter Americana sale.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance","Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Material was property of a Henkel family descendant, presumably Mildred Renalds Wittig, great-granddaughter of Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel.","Materials in the 2023-0329 accession, purchased from ZH Books, share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they descended through the Henkel family to Mildred Renalds Wittig before being sold at Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates' March 2, 2022 Winter Americana sale.","The materials in this series share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they descended through the Henkel family to Mildred Renalds Wittig before being sold at Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates' March 2, 2022 Winter Americana sale."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, SC 0253, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, SC 0253, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMuch of the collection was received in three-ring binders with the manuscripts in plastic sleeves. The correspondence was generally arranged in chronological order. The documents were removed from the binders and plastic sleeves and placed in Mylar when necessary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Much of the collection was received in three-ring binders with the manuscripts in plastic sleeves. The correspondence was generally arranged in chronological order. The documents were removed from the binders and plastic sleeves and placed in Mylar when necessary."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenkel Family Papers, 1783-1916, SC 0099, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenkel Family Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenkel family records, 1838-1903. Business records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenkel-Miller Family Papers, 1793-1910, #14434, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenkel Plain Mills Store Daybook, 1835-1849, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMultiple collections under the accession number 8653, Special Collections Department, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the documents in this collection are copied and transcribed in Mildred Renalds Wittig's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHenkel – Renalds Connection\u003c/emph\u003e (2014).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Henkel Family Papers, 1783-1916, SC 0099, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","Henkel Family Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University.","Henkel family records, 1838-1903. Business records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond.","Henkel-Miller Family Papers, 1793-1910, #14434, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.","Henkel Plain Mills Store Daybook, 1835-1849, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","Multiple collections under the accession number 8653, Special Collections Department, University of Virginia Library.","Many of the documents in this collection are copied and transcribed in Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection  (2014)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, document the influential Henkel family of Shenandoah and Rockingham counties in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. The collection, chiefly documenting the Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel line of the family, is comprised primarily of correspondence written to Siram P. Henkel and includes letters from his sons Lewis and Luther during their service in the American Civil War. The collection also includes personal and financial papers of various Henkel family members including Siram's children and genealogical research materials, much of which was used to inform Mildred Renalds Wittig's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHenkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections\u003c/emph\u003e (2014).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1827-1913, chiefly contains letters written to Siram P. Henkel with correspondents including members of the Koiner/Coiner family of Augusta County, the Miller family of Winchester, and the Rupert family of Augusta County. The correspondents report on family and community news, marriages, health and illnesses, deaths, weather, harvest and planting updates, crop yields, and include fellow merchants requesting advice on the market of certain goods and numerous requests for Dr. Henkel's pills. Of particular interest are the letters written to Siram by his sons Lewis and Luther while serving in the American Civil War. The sons, and Luther in particular, write about camp life and general updates related to the war. In a December 21, 1861 letter to his father, Lewis P. Henkel writes from Winchester and mentions General Stonewall Jackson. He also refers to General Gilbert S. Meem as \"Genl. Drunk.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series also contains correspondence to/from other Henkel family members including Dr. Solomon Henkel, Samuel G. Henkel, Solomon D. Henkel, Maggie Henkel Renalds, Lillian Henkel, and Margaret Koiner Henkel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe documentary record confirms that Margaret Koiner Henkel's family were enslavers and given the date of much of the correspondence, a portion relates to slavery and enslaved persons. Delia Koiner Overholt wrote to her sister Margaret Henkel on May 28, 1847 relaying the news of their grandfather's death. She goes on to write that \"eleven or twelve blacks are to be sold and a great deal of property.\" In a January 24, 1857 letter to Siram Henkel, Delia Koiner Overholt writes again to describe in detail describes the sale of enslaved persons from her grandfather's estate. A similarly noteworthy letter, dated August 13, 1835, was penned by Siram Henkel to his wife Margaret in which he describes a large \"drove\" of enslaved persons that passed through the Valley. He describes the scene as follows: \"There were eighty-four chained together to one long chain; there were also a great many women and children that were also in company; the whole number of men, women \u0026amp; children was two hundred and forty.\" There are two original copies of this letter in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll correspondence addressed to Dr. Solomon Henkel and/or Solomon Henkel P.M. is filed with Solomon Henkel (1777-1847), who was a practicing physician and served as Shenandoah County's first postmaster. A concerted effort was made on behalf of the archivist to not confuse his papers with those of his son Solomon David Henkel (1815-1872).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMuch of the correspondence includes envelopes or address leaves. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed with miscellaneous correspondence. Some of the letters have non-original annotations on the address leaves relating to content or the correspondents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1801-1881, includes miscellaneous papers from the immediate family of Siram Henkel. School papers and writing assignements from Siram and Margaret Henkel's children, Lewis, Samuel, Julia, Martin, and Maggie are included. The documents include a January 17, 1881 essay on politeness written by Maggie Henkel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe series also includes a manuscript music book penned by Siram's mother, Rebecca Miller Henkel, a grammar copybook belonging to Siram's brother Slyvanus Henkel, and Siram's 1878 plans for his family's new home place at Plains Mill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Financial Files, 1832-1894, contains receipts, ledger pages, and promissory notes. Included in Siram Henkel's financial papers is a form of the estimate and assessment of agricultural products to be taxed by the government of the Confederate States. Of particular interest is Paul P. Henkel's 1844-1872 daybook entitled \"Sawmill Book No. 3\" documenting the sawmill owned by Solomon Henkel. The daybook records prices for sawing and details sawing activities. Elizabeth Garber Renalds' account book and journal documents egg business and other farming and day-to-day activities while the family was living at the Lincoln Homestead on Linville Creek south of Broadway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Genealogy and Research Files, 1890-2008, is comprised of research material, much of which was used to inform Mildred Renalds Wittig's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHenkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections\u003c/emph\u003e (2014). Documents include family trees, facsimiles of correspondence and manuscript material not otherwise found in this collection, photographs of Henkel family members and properties including Plains Mill and the Plains School, newspaper clippings, Henkel family reunion materials, and blank postcards. An oversize reproduction of a blank family register printed by Ambrose Henkel \u0026amp; Comp. is included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: 2023-0329 Accession, 1864-1923, includes Henkel family correspondence, Renalds family correspondence, and letters written to Ray Renalds while he was admitted to Rockingham Memorial Hospital in 1923 for an undisclosed illness.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSchool materials were created by Lillian Henkel while a student at the Shenandoah Institute in Dayton and Harry S. Henkel while a student at Dunsmore Business College in Staunton. Coursework created by Ray Renalds while a student at Shenandoah Luthern Institute is included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFront covers of bound volumes are inscribed \"Lillian M. Henkel, Shenandoah Institute, Sept. 20, 1900\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTuition for Ray and Richard Renalds.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, document the influential Henkel family of Shenandoah and Rockingham counties in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. The collection, chiefly documenting the Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel line of the family, is comprised primarily of correspondence written to Siram P. Henkel and includes letters from his sons Lewis and Luther during their service in the American Civil War. The collection also includes personal and financial papers of various Henkel family members including Siram's children and genealogical research materials, much of which was used to inform Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections  (2014).","Series 1: Correspondence, 1827-1913, chiefly contains letters written to Siram P. Henkel with correspondents including members of the Koiner/Coiner family of Augusta County, the Miller family of Winchester, and the Rupert family of Augusta County. The correspondents report on family and community news, marriages, health and illnesses, deaths, weather, harvest and planting updates, crop yields, and include fellow merchants requesting advice on the market of certain goods and numerous requests for Dr. Henkel's pills. Of particular interest are the letters written to Siram by his sons Lewis and Luther while serving in the American Civil War. The sons, and Luther in particular, write about camp life and general updates related to the war. In a December 21, 1861 letter to his father, Lewis P. Henkel writes from Winchester and mentions General Stonewall Jackson. He also refers to General Gilbert S. Meem as \"Genl. Drunk.\"","This series also contains correspondence to/from other Henkel family members including Dr. Solomon Henkel, Samuel G. Henkel, Solomon D. Henkel, Maggie Henkel Renalds, Lillian Henkel, and Margaret Koiner Henkel.","The documentary record confirms that Margaret Koiner Henkel's family were enslavers and given the date of much of the correspondence, a portion relates to slavery and enslaved persons. Delia Koiner Overholt wrote to her sister Margaret Henkel on May 28, 1847 relaying the news of their grandfather's death. She goes on to write that \"eleven or twelve blacks are to be sold and a great deal of property.\" In a January 24, 1857 letter to Siram Henkel, Delia Koiner Overholt writes again to describe in detail describes the sale of enslaved persons from her grandfather's estate. A similarly noteworthy letter, dated August 13, 1835, was penned by Siram Henkel to his wife Margaret in which he describes a large \"drove\" of enslaved persons that passed through the Valley. He describes the scene as follows: \"There were eighty-four chained together to one long chain; there were also a great many women and children that were also in company; the whole number of men, women \u0026 children was two hundred and forty.\" There are two original copies of this letter in the collection.","All correspondence addressed to Dr. Solomon Henkel and/or Solomon Henkel P.M. is filed with Solomon Henkel (1777-1847), who was a practicing physician and served as Shenandoah County's first postmaster. A concerted effort was made on behalf of the archivist to not confuse his papers with those of his son Solomon David Henkel (1815-1872).","Much of the correspondence includes envelopes or address leaves. The correspondence is arranged primarily by recipient, but in cases where the recipient is unknown (e.g. non-specific salutations and greetings or lack of return address), the correspondence is filed with miscellaneous correspondence. Some of the letters have non-original annotations on the address leaves relating to content or the correspondents.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1801-1881, includes miscellaneous papers from the immediate family of Siram Henkel. School papers and writing assignements from Siram and Margaret Henkel's children, Lewis, Samuel, Julia, Martin, and Maggie are included. The documents include a January 17, 1881 essay on politeness written by Maggie Henkel.","The series also includes a manuscript music book penned by Siram's mother, Rebecca Miller Henkel, a grammar copybook belonging to Siram's brother Slyvanus Henkel, and Siram's 1878 plans for his family's new home place at Plains Mill.","Series 3: Financial Files, 1832-1894, contains receipts, ledger pages, and promissory notes. Included in Siram Henkel's financial papers is a form of the estimate and assessment of agricultural products to be taxed by the government of the Confederate States. Of particular interest is Paul P. Henkel's 1844-1872 daybook entitled \"Sawmill Book No. 3\" documenting the sawmill owned by Solomon Henkel. The daybook records prices for sawing and details sawing activities. Elizabeth Garber Renalds' account book and journal documents egg business and other farming and day-to-day activities while the family was living at the Lincoln Homestead on Linville Creek south of Broadway.","Series 4: Genealogy and Research Files, 1890-2008, is comprised of research material, much of which was used to inform Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections  (2014). Documents include family trees, facsimiles of correspondence and manuscript material not otherwise found in this collection, photographs of Henkel family members and properties including Plains Mill and the Plains School, newspaper clippings, Henkel family reunion materials, and blank postcards. An oversize reproduction of a blank family register printed by Ambrose Henkel \u0026 Comp. is included.","Series 5: 2023-0329 Accession, 1864-1923, includes Henkel family correspondence, Renalds family correspondence, and letters written to Ray Renalds while he was admitted to Rockingham Memorial Hospital in 1923 for an undisclosed illness.","School materials were created by Lillian Henkel while a student at the Shenandoah Institute in Dayton and Harry S. Henkel while a student at Dunsmore Business College in Staunton. Coursework created by Ray Renalds while a student at Shenandoah Luthern Institute is included.","Front covers of bound volumes are inscribed \"Lillian M. Henkel, Shenandoah Institute, Sept. 20, 1900\"","Tuition for Ray and Richard Renalds."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral issues of serials including the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLutheran Church Visitor\u003c/emph\u003e and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchman\u003c/emph\u003e have been removed from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection. Additionally, the facsimile publication of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDay Book for Solomon Henkel at the Plains Mills, Rockingham County, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e (2013) and Mildred Renalds Wittig's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHenkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections\u003c/emph\u003e (2nd ed., 2014) were removed from the collection and cataloged separately. Additional books and a broadside from the 2019 accession were cataloged separately. Two issues of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e (1900), a New Market newspaper, were separated from the 2023-0329 accession and added to existing holdings in Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Several issues of serials including the  Lutheran Church Visitor  and the  Southern Churchman  have been removed from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections' rare book collection. Additionally, the facsimile publication of the  Day Book for Solomon Henkel at the Plains Mills, Rockingham County, Virginia  (2013) and Mildred Renalds Wittig's  Henkel – Renalds Connection: with Ancestral Scripts and Collections  (2nd ed., 2014) were removed from the collection and cataloged separately. Additional books and a broadside from the 2019 accession were cataloged separately. Two issues of  Shenandoah Valley  (1900), a New Market newspaper, were separated from the 2023-0329 accession and added to existing holdings in Special Collections."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fe701131976635fcfbf3af795f2aa11a\"\u003eThe Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, document the influential Henkel family of Rockingham and Shenandoah counties in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. The collection, primarily documenting the Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel line of the family, is comprised of correspondence, personal and financial papers, and genealogical research materials. The Renalds family is heavily documented in the 2023 accession materials.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Henkel Family Papers, 1801-2008, document the influential Henkel family of Rockingham and Shenandoah counties in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. The collection, primarily documenting the Siram and Margaret Koiner Henkel line of the family, is comprised of correspondence, personal and financial papers, and genealogical research materials. The Renalds family is heavily documented in the 2023 accession materials."],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books","Henkel family -- Correspondence","Henkel, Siram Peter, 1809-1879"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books","Dunsmore Business College (Staunton, Va.)","Henkel family","Henkel family -- Correspondence","Henkel, Siram Peter, 1809-1879"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","ZH Books","Dunsmore Business College (Staunton, Va.)"],"famname_ssim":["Henkel family","Henkel family -- Correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Henkel, Siram Peter, 1809-1879"],"language_ssim":["English, German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":108,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:19:36.409Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_429"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2502#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2502#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2502.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection ","title_ssm":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"title_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1778-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1778-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502"],"text":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502","Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection","African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Additions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis.","The collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically.","Acc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.","Acc. 2014.194","Ingersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2","Related materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. ","See also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.","For similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.","Foreign publications: Rund Um Afrika, a booklet written in German by Gustav Petermann. The content details travels from Germany throughout Africa, visiting sites such as Kruger National Park, Victoria Falls, and Fort Christiansburg. The booklet contains many photographs and animals, buildings, and people. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book DT12.R86 3487058-1001.  Acc.2012.207.","Three Dension's Blackface Plays. Three different play scripts to be performed by white actors wearing black face. The plays highlight the perceived stupidity and ignorance of African Americans. These items are cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37.1923, PN6120.N4.K37.1928, and PN6120.N4.K37.1931. Acc.2009.335. ","A henpecked coon: darky monologue, 1923. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37 1923. ","Old Doc Gags \"Funster\". Number Two: A collection of fun, fables, foolishness, farce, and fibs, 1925. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6161.O48 1925. ","Songs and Spirituals of Negro Composition for Revivals and Congregational Singing. This item is a pamphlet of sheet music. The pamphlet also includes advertisements for home goods. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66. Acc.2009.324. ","We shall overcome! Songs of the Southern freedom movement, 1963. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.C2.W4. ","How can we keep from singing! A contemporary songbook for liberal churches, fellowships, youth groups, and communal singing generally, 1976. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.H54.1976.","Songs and spirituals of Negro composition for revivals and congregational singing, 1921. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66.","Modern Home Counseler. This book includes lessons, advice, and instructions on how to raise successful, happy, and obedient children. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books H83.M63. Acc. 2009.356. ","American Travelers Guide to Negro Monuments. This book details attractions around the United States that celebrate African Americans and their history. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books E185.53A53. Acc.2009.459. ","The South Strikes Back, 1957. This booklet was written by Woodrow Boone and promotes the return of a more racially conservative society. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book PN6231.S485S68. Acc.2012.276.","The Afro-American Historical Calendar, 1979. The calendar features famous African American musicians, officers, and performers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book E185.A38. Acc.2009.389. ","Negroes in Our History Posters, undated. This collection of posters has a large sketch of famous African American musicians, politicians, and activists. The posters have a brief biographical sketch of each of the celebrated hero. The posters are  cataloged as Rare Book E185.96.R78 folio. Acc.2008.163. ","The People Versus Segregated Schools. This 1955 pamphlet promotes integration, anti-lynching laws, and equal pay for black and white workers. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.W54 1955. Acc.2011.268. ","3 Lives for Mississippi. This 1965 book is the story of Mickey Schwerner, James Chaney and Andy Goodman, three men who were killed in Philadelphia, Mississippi by the Klu Klux Klan, while fighting racial justice and the rights of African American voters. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book F347.N4H8. Acc.2011.468. ","Songs of the Southern Freedom Movement. A 1965 songbook promoting freedom, racial tolerance, and heritage. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54 1976. Acc.2009.315. ","How Can We Keep From Singing Songbook. This 1965 book entitled \"We Shall Overcome!\" was compiled by Guy and Candie Carawan for the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. The book contains songs relating to sit-ins, freedom rides, voter registration and other contentious issues. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54.1976. Acc.2011.469. ","\"And People All Around\" Playbill. An undated playbill for a performance written by George Sklar. The play reminds viewers on the Negro Revolution in 1964, the killings of three negro boys in Mississippi, and the civil rights march on Washington. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PS3531.E826A52. Acc.2011.268. ","The Communist Position on the Negro Question. This booklet contains excerpts from the major speeches in discussion of the \"Negro question\" at the plenary meeting of the National Committee of the Communist Party. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.C752 1947. Acc.2011.467. ","The Path of Negro Liberation. Pamphlet written by Benjamin J. Davis, who argues that the Communist Party of the United States believe in the unconditional political, social, and economic equality in all aspects of American life.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.D314 1947. Acc.2011.468. ","The Struggle Against White Chauvinism. Booklet written by Elizabeth Lawson and published by the New York State Education Department of the Communist Party. The booklet defines chauvinism and its effect on race and gender relations within the United States. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E.185.61.2376 1949. Acc.2011.467. ","Next Steps in the Struggle for Negro Freedom. This booklet, written by Hugh Bradley, was a report delivered at the National Conference of the Communist Party. Bradley discussed black military involvement, fair employment, and the corruption of the American government. This item is  cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B785 1953. Acc.2011.468. ","The Negro People on the March. This booklet, written by Benjamin J. Davis, was a report to the National Committee of the Communist Party.  Davis states that the fight for \"Negro\" freedom is at its height and that the black race must be given economic and political equality.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.6.D38 1956. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Why Join,\" The John Birch Society. This pamphlet promotes and describes the John Birch Society. The Society believes in small government and writes that most of the historic happenings within the Civil Rights Movement were Communist conspiracies. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E740.J6W45.1968. Acc.2011.467. ","Busing and the Democratic Struggle in Boston. This booklet was published by the Proletarian Unity League, a Communist organization dedicated to creating a strong Communist Party. They believe that white opportunism in the fundamental threat to the construction of a Revolutionary party. The booklet mostly focuses on the integration of public transportation. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book LC214.53.B67P76 1975. Acc.2011.467. Acc.2011.467. ","Freedom is Everybody's Job: \" The Crime of the Government Against the Negro People, 1949. This pamphlet, written by George W. Crockett, Jr., was a summation in the trail of the 11 Communist leaders.  The pamphlet argues that the Communist Party has the right to free speech and therefore cannot be outlawed.  Crockett argues that the Communist support for Civil Rights is a reason why the Communist Party is ridiculed. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HX87.C7.1949b. ","The CIO and the Negro Worker, 1942. This pamphlet argues against discrimination in the workplace.  The CIO fights for equal employment of all people, races, and religions. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.8.C56 1942. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Out of the Jungle\", 1943. The Packinghouse Workers Fight for Justice and Equality. This book is a pictorial history of the Packinghouse Workers Union, which fought for racial justice, fair pay, and equality in the meat packing industry. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD6515.P14073. Acc.2011.268","Roll the Union On, 1987. This book is a pictorial history of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union, told by its co-founder H.L. Mitchell. The Union fought for the end of lynching, a safe workplace, and equal rights for African American and white workers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD1511.U5M573 1987. Acc.2011.467","Blaxploitation Cinema Pressbooks and Posters, 1968-1976. Currently unprocessed material. 2014.194 and oversize material.","Indian Legends, 1994. This book includes old Native American stories and tales. Each story is also illustrated in black and white or color. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E98.F6I33.","\"The Klan Today\". This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Books HS2330.K63.K58","The Aryan Views: White Folk News. \"The Attitude of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan\" pamphlets. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.A13. ","\"The Kourier,\" a booklet of the Klan's version of the History of the United States and the Klan's opinions on \"un-American\" activities such as communism and parochial schools, and the Aryan Views and White Folk News Paper, also promoting racial intolerance. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.K69 v.11 no. 8, July 1935 copy.","Old Doc Gags, \"Funster\" Number Two:: A Collection of Fun, Fables, Foolishness, Farce and Fibs. Copyright 1925 by Charles H. Ubert. The joke book includes anti-immigration and anti-Semitic content. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PN616.O48 1925.","The racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.","Included are published items like travel guides, joke books, song books, story books, programs and handbills, comic strips, a yearbook, election fliers, political publications, pamphlets and calendars.","This fFolder contains three envelopes: Union patriotic envelope depicting a black man picking cotton, titled \"One of the Rebels\", (Acc.2014.123), Union patriotic envelope of a slave dressed as the \"King of the South,\" (Acc. 2014.124), Union patriotic envelope with a map of the south (Acc. 2014.125).","A booklet of twenty minor dramas, extravaganzas, and farces for the amateur stage.  The plays contain stereotypical typecasting of African Americans.","A story book entitled \"The Ten Little Niggers,\" with stereotypical illustrations. The layout of the book is similar to that of \"Ten Little Indians.\"","This songbook features stereotypical illustrations of African Americans including pompous dresses and large lips.","This joke book features jokes that promote racism and a negative view of African Americans.  The jokes are also anti-immigration and misogynistic.","The scrapbook dates from the late 1800's.  The pictures in the book vary, from paintings of flowers to advertising cards for household items.  One page in the book features several stereotypical images of African Americans.  Pictures of monkeys are also placed on this page, therefore stating that they are one in the same.","Advertising trade cards that contain stereotypically racist images of African Americans. The cards are for a clothier. The folder also contains an advertisement for Jos. J. Foley, Tailor, Boston MA, which has a November 1908 calendar alongside an illustration of African American children swinging and climbing trees.","This folder contains multiple advertising cards. The items advertised include soaps, clothing, and household goods. The cards contain stereotypical images of African Americans.","This folder contains advertising cards that depict African Americans in a negative light.  Common features are large lips and flouncy outfits.  The sketches on the cards often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Stereotypical black representations on three advertising trade cards. The cards for pancake batter and clothes depict African Americans with large eyes and mouths along with other stereotypical features.","Advertising cards for a clothier.  The cards depict an African American man trying to command and then falling off a horse-drawn wagon.","Advertisement card for Old Virginia Cheroots from the American Tobacco Company.  The advertisement has a sketch of an African American man.","Advertising label for Old Black Joe's blackeyed peas, showing a black man with a white beard.","Sketch for \"The Connoisseurs\", a popular advertising image for Cream of Wheat. The painting features a black man in a chef's hat, teaching a child about the taste and health benefits of cream of wheat.","Print of the painting by Edward V. Brewer entitled \"The Connoisseurs\" for the Cream of Wheat Company. The painting features an African American man in a chef costume tasting Cream of Wheat along with an African American boy in an apron and chef hat. Oversize item.","Five cards that have negative, stereotypical images of African Americans. Images include a black woman being compared to a donkey and young men playing craps.","Set of 22 racist postcards. Features include large lips and big eyes. Images also include depictions of African Americans stealing goods. Other cards include cartooned drawings of African Americans in flouncy clothing.","Set of 42 cards with racist imagery. Images include cartooned sketches of African Americans with big eyes and over exaggerated lips. Images depict African Americans as lazy and inept. They are shown stealing chickens, eating watermelon, and improperly serving white people.","A postcard with an image of an African American boy with a large mouth, kneeling next to two watermelons","Set of eight postcards that have negative, stereotypical sketches of African Americans. Images include women with large behinds, boys eating watermelon, and men with large lips.","This folder contains five racist postcards. They contain images including boys eating watermelon and a cartooned black man stealing a chicken.","Set of three postcards and a pamphlet entitled \"Fun on the Run.\" The \"Fun on the Run\" pamphlet includes several racist and sexist caricatures.","Postcard containing an image of a cartooned black man and woman. The man has large lips and torn clothing. The woman's features are exaggerated.","This souvenir features common images of African Americans in the south, including picking cotton, eating watermelon, and playing the fiddle.","This folder contains three Happy Birthday and one Christmas card. The cards contain cartooned sketches of African Americans, with factors such as large lips and big eyes. One happy birthday card has a sketch of three black women riding in a large watermelon.","This folder contains numerous happy birthday cards featuring cartooned sketches of African American girls. The girls' features include large eyes and curly hair.","Cards that promote the seven principles of Kwanzaa.","Publications from the Jim Crow era.","This is a book of rag-time melodies, which includes advertisements, sheet music, and lyrics.","This item is the yearbook of the African American high school in Essex County, Virginia. The yearbook includes photographs, poems, and advertisements.","This travel guide of \"negro\" hotels was published by Afro-American Newspapers. The guide includes a map of the East Coast and advertisements from multiple hotels.","Two advertisements promoting performances by African American musicians and artists.","The folder contains an item promoting the Lost Cause ideology, which conveys nostalgia for the Confederacy prior to the Civil War. Confederate norms are presented in the best possible light. ","Natchez Pilgrimage Brochure, 1955 March 31, invites people to celebrate the Old South by touring Antebellum mansions in Natchez, Mississippi. The brochure contains multiple photographs and descriptions of the old Antebellum mansion. (Acc.2012.278)","This folder contains publications celebrating the accomplishments and contributions of African Americans.","The booklet describes the history and curricula of Hampton Institute, now Hampton University.","The multiple brochures feature African American jubilee singers and performers.","This brochure is for the Negro History Society of the Hampton Institute and their presentation of singer Dorothy Maynor.","This calendar features the stories of famous African American inventors, politicians, and scholars.","This flyer promotes the election of Arthur H. Vandenberg as senator of Michigan. It states that Vandenberg promises to outlaw the poll tax and favors an anti-lynching law. Vandenberg promises to support African American causes if elected.","These comic strips  promote racial tolerance. One comic entitled \"Stand Up For Sportsmanship,\" features Batman stopping a fight between two boys, one white and one black. When Batman asks what happened, he discovers they're fighting because the white boy doesn't want the black boy to play with them because \"he don't belong, he ain't a real American.\" Batman responds with a lesson about racial tolerance, saying \"don't believe the crackpot lies about people who worship differently, or whose skin is of a different color, or whose parents come from another country... a nation divided by prejudice is like a football team without teamwork.\" The next one, featuring Batman, teaches the reader that a country divided by racial prejudice is the same as a football team without teamwork. The next comic encourages a baseball team to be accepting of players of different ethnicity. The last comic, featuring superman, promotes both racial and religious tolerance.","Reprint of an article from the American Legion magazine concerns the buying of Negro votes.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Independent Socialist Club promoting the black power movement.","This pamphlet entitled \"Here's Proof of the Red Pro-Negro Plot Against South \u0026 USA.\" argues that communist are trying to stir up trouble between white and black races, promoting racial mixing, and eventually want to control America. Pamphlet includes a map of the south, which it states Communist want to turn into a Negro Communist Soviet.","This flyier shows a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr. and other Civil Rights leaders at a supposed Communist training school. The flier states that these leaders have brought tension, disturbance, and violence while trying to promote these Communist ideals.","This booklet was published by Robert Welch. He argues that the \"negro\" population is much better off than populations around the globe. He also states that the population has made great strides in the last hundred years. Welch believes that the Communists are trying to turn black people against white people in America.","This pamphlet was printed by the Communist Party of Cleveland.  The pamphlet states that black and white people work side and side, and therefore black and white children should be able to learn and live with each other.","A pamphlet from the Communist Party of California.","An editorial from the Monroe, La. Morning World, concerns the author's fears that the United Nations is secretly a Communist plot.","A flyer created by the Bay Area Revoluntionary Union concerning streets that are still occupied by the National Guard.","A pamphlet subtitled \"a voice and vote for every member in the UAW-CIO regardless of race, color or creed.\" The pamphlet states that whites and \"negroes\" are all members of the same family and should be employed to the same end. The UAW-CIO promotes the hiring of \"negroes\" in all fields.","A Labor Education Fund pamphlet.","This pamphlet by Angelo Herndon describes the hardship of working in a southern mining town. Herndon describes how he fought the system and promoted fair pay to working class citizens.","The themes of these games range from satirizing to celebrating the progress and intellect of African Americans.","52 playing cards from the game \"In Dixie-Land\". Copyrighted 1896, L.D. Baldwin, by The Fireside Game Co.  The instructions are missing.","This folder contains a set of playing cards.  The cards have a sketch and a brief biological summary of influential African American inventors, politicians, musicians, and activists. Rules for the game are included.","This board game is a racially based Monopoly style game. White players are allowed to buy properties throughout the board while black players are restricted to center areas. The game exemplifies the difficulties of living in a racially segregated housing market. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B5 1970.","The game, which portrays public welfare and its recipients in a negative light, caused immediate controversy upon its publication. It was also perceived as racist and sexist and government agencies appealed to retailers to pull it off the shelves.","This game is a quiz and trivia style game. The game tests players' knowledge of black athletes, musicians, and activists. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.96.F67 1988","This board game tests players' knowledge of African American achievement in history, patents, inventions, sports, and entertainment. There is also a category of questions titled black awareness. Players answer questions to move along on a board, through the struggles of slavery and Jim Crow, eventually arriving back in Africa.","This game is a game of dice where players role to turn over face cards number one through twelve. The cards and box feature racist imagery, including African Americans with bulging eyes and huge lips.","This board game is a trivia style game which tests players' knowledge of African American history. Players answer questions to receive an associates, bachelors, masters, and doctorate in black studies. The word \"funda\" comes from an African language and means to instruct.","Five various cards and Valentine's featuring caricatures of African Americans.  Most of the cards depict the individuals with over exaggerated features and stereotypes, such as one card showing an African American eating watermelon.","20 caricature and three photograph postcards of African Americans.  Most of the caricature postcards feature stereotypical cartoons and captions of African Americans.  The photographs show African Americans tilling in cotton fields and posing outside dilapidated homes.","Three stereoviews showing African Americans picking cotton in Georgia and Mississippi cotton fields and sugar cane in Peurto Rico. The views were produced by Underwood and Underwood, and the Keystone Viewing Company.","This box contains VHS tapes that are notable for the original video cases. Most of the movies are from the Blaxploitation genre, a controversial film movement. Blaxploitation films contained many common stereotypes. The black community is often portrayed as violent and drug related. However, some people believed the films were examples of black expression and power.","This film features a young man who accidently kills his brother and then becomes a preacher to seek amends.","This fFilm features gang life in Harlem, New York.","The film features two men who work in Harlem. They get sent on a wild goose chase looking for money hidden in a barrel of cotton.","The film features a Harlem private eye hired to save teenagers kidnapped by the Mafia.","This film features a Harlem drug-dealer who wants to make one last sell before quitting the cocaine business.","The film features Cleopatra Jones, drug traffickers' deadliest enemy.","The film takes Bruce Lee to the island fortress of a criminal warlord, whom Bruce Lee must overcome.","This film features Dracula's bloodbrother, Blacula.","The film features black CIA recruits from Chicago who become freedom fighters after their military training.","The fFilm features Pop Boyd, a martial arts champion who opens a studio on land that the Mafia wants to use as a headquarters.","This fFilm features two ex-Vietnam soldiers who pursue the elite drug dealing industries.","This film features a young black man who seeks revenge when he is arrested on false charges.","The f Film features black drug dealers, mobsters, and undercover cops.","In this sequel to Dolemite, Rudy Ray Moore flees to California, where he helps Queen Bee and her Kung-Fu girls battle a local gangster.","The film features a morally bankrupt man who can save his own life only if he marries the devil's ugly daughter.","The film features a man who owns a disco and declares war on the producers of Angel Dust, a drug corrupting his nephew.","This film features a man who seeks revenge on his girlfriend's killer.","This fFilm features a Detroit police sergeant who is pitted against brutal thugs.","The film features friends who are hiding from the mob and hunting a gangster boss, who rigged a karate tournament.","The fFilm features a man, just recently released from prison, who uses brains and muscles to survive in the city.","The fFilm features the Black Dragon, who teams up with kung fu dynamo Dragon Lee as they take on the Korean and Japanese mafias.","The film features a man named Blade, who is the last hope for humanity, when a bloodthirsty lord declares war on the human race.","The fFilm features a vampire slayer who fights to save humanity.","The fFilm features a gang who goes from rags to riches, and then fights a knife-wielding, car stealing leprechaun.","This film is the third in a trilogy. It features a vampire hunter who must join forces with a clan of other hunters to find and defeat Dracula.","The Great Cataract or Waterfall of Niagara in North America, This folder contains a copperplate engraving of Niagara Falls on paper. The image depicts a group of Native Americans showing Europeans the beauty of the falls. In the background, there are several Native Americans hauling large stones.","Powhatan Applesauce Label. \nThis folder contains an advertising label for apple sauce named after the famed Native American chiefdom, the Powhatan. The advertisement includes a sketch of a Native American with a colorful head band and feather in his hair.","Iron King Cook Calendar. \nThis calendar features a scene in which white settlers shot Native Americans while hiding behind a large iron king stove.","Set of 12 postcards that feature oil paintings of Native American imagery. The cards depict a variety of different scenes, including an Indian camp, a hunted buffalo, a tepee, and an Indian carrying an American flag after Custer's Last Stand. The postcards have a short description of each portrayed scene.","Set of 28 postcards featuring images of Native Americans. The postcards represent tribes from all over the country, from the Iroquois to the Hopi. Common images are war dances and dwellings such as tepees and long houses. Many of the postcards have short descriptions of the scenes on the back.","Set of 90 postcards that portray Indian life in the south western United States. Images include  young girls and boys, Indians in traditional tribal outfits, mountains, canyons, and pueblo houses.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that contains a description and multiple illustrations of Indian chiefs.  The chiefs depicted are all from Western tribes, including the Pueblos, Navajos, Apache, Sioux, and Blackfoot.  The description states that the Pueblos are the most civilized of the nations.  The illustrations include portraits of the leaders as well as scenes of the leaders in the picturesque mountains of the west.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that describes and illustrates southwestern Native American life.  The author notes that native life is \"primitive\" with little industry and machinery.  The images contain various scenes, including a mother and child standing next to cactus brush, people gathered around a tepee, a pueblo village, and men creating wampum beads.  Also depicted are images of natives performing a variety of crafts and chores.","Set of trading cards that contain negative imagery of Native Americans.  Images include Native Americans being stabbed by white settler, a Native American man drinking too much, and misrepresentations of traditional Indian outfits.","The trading cards depict imagery of Native Americans, including totem poles, war dances, and stockades.  The cards have images on one side, and a short description of the scene on the other.","Oversized trading that that have photographs and drawing of various Native American leaders.  The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.  This trading cards are housed separately due to their large size.","The trading cards have photographs and drawings of various Native American leaders. The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.","This set of 90 cards have images on one side of famous Native American leaders and of famous battles fought by various native tribes.  The backside has a short, skewed description of historical events.","This folder contains a box of bridge tally cards.  The cards have sketches of Native American people and scenery, along with the names and locations of different tribes.","The Wild West Gum cards contains 22 cards depicting colorized illustrations of Native Americans. The collection was part of a set of 24 cards manufactured by John H. Dockman and Son in the early twentieth century.","The Paragon Beef trading cards include negative images of Chinese men with long braids and stereotypical straw hats.","Series of advertising cards that promote the Chinese immigrant population in a negative way. Advertisers include Celluloid Corset Clasps, Kendall Manufacturing Company Soaps and Soapine, Henderson's Goods, and Gent's Furnishings and Fancy Goods Houses. The images depict Chinese men with long hair embarking on ships and men with over exaggerated eye features. The images often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Series of cards that depict a scene between two white boys and a Chinese man. The children pull the man's braid, snap it off, and project the Chinese man from his perch, thus solving the \"Chinese problem\". Another card shows Chinese men being bitten by a dog.","Set of cards that depict Asian Americans in negative ways.  Images include men embarking on a boat for China, a sketch of Mun Wong, and a Chinese child holding an umbrella.","This Fourth of July postcard displays racist imagery towards Asian Americans. The card portrays an Asian woman running away from a fire cracker.","This comic strip includes stereotypical images of a Chinese man who entrapped his long braid in a rail road track.","This game includes a small box of sticks. Each player is to shake the box and the first stick that pops out is the one chosen.  Each stick has a number, and the numbers correspond to a booklet that contains fortunes.","Series of two sided trading cards. One of the sides have images of aspects of Jewish life, such as lighting candles and dancing with the torah. The other sides have short bible verses and explanations of the images.","This game is an educational trivia game that features questions regarding different aspects of the Islamic Hajj. Categories include \"How to Perform Hajj,\" \"Places of Hajj,\" and \"General Questions on Hajj.\" The game is geared toward teaching children about the Muslim pilgrimage.","The postcard displays a derogatory image of a Cuban mother feeding her two small children, one of whom nurses from a goat.","Items in this folder include pamphlets instructing men on how to be good Klan members, a pamphlet regarding the Klan's attitude toward immigration, the Klan's attitude toward the Jew and other letters of propaganda.","This folder include meeting minutes from a chapter of the Klu Klux Klan in Elkton, Maryland. The folder also includes the obituary of klansmen Raymond C. Fronk.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Equal Rights Congress in a national effort to outlaw the Nazis and the Klu Klux Klan.  The folder also contains fliers promoting integration and racial tolerance.","This folder includes a manuscript by an unknown author on the subject of foreign immigration into the United States of America. The author argues that foreign populations should be restricted from coming to the United States. The manuscript also discusses the various races and ethnicities that should be restricted, including the Irish, the Jewish population, Italians, and the African and Asian races. The document concludes with a list of prohibitions that the author would impose to keep the immigrant populations from entering the country.","This booklet is published by the Order United American Mechanics, a secret fraternity composed entirely of citizens born in the US.American citizens born. The booklet argues against competition for jobs with foreign-born immigrants.","Cards with images and phrases that promote racial and religious equality.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son.","English German"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2007.80 was purchased 8/30/2007. Acc. 2007.81 was purchased 8/30/2007. Acc. 2008.32 was purchased 5/1/2008. Acc. 2008.46 was purchased 5/16/2008.   Acc. 2008.64 was purchased 6/9/2008. Acc. 2008.94 was purchased 9/10/2008. Acc. 2008.95 was purchased 9/10/20008. Acc. 2008.159 was purchased 12/19/2008. Acc. 2009.063 was purchased on 2/24/2009. Acc. 2009.036 was purchased on 1/19/2009. Acc. 2009.147 was purchased on 4/6/2009. Acc. 2009.151 was purchased on 3/30/2009. Acc. 2009.180 was purchased on 4/29/2009. Acc. 2009.181 was purchased on 4/29/2009. Acc. 2009.226 was purchased on 5/25/2009. Acc. 2009.235 was purchased on 5/31/2009. Acc. 2009.305 was purchased on 7/17/2009. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member. Acc. 2014.123-Acc. 2014.125 purchased for Swem Library with support from the SCRC Donors Fund."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["Additions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRacial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2014.194\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Acc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.","Acc. 2014.194"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIngersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRelated materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForeign publications: Rund Um Afrika, a booklet written in German by Gustav Petermann. The content details travels from Germany throughout Africa, visiting sites such as Kruger National Park, Victoria Falls, and Fort Christiansburg. The booklet contains many photographs and animals, buildings, and people. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book DT12.R86 3487058-1001.  Acc.2012.207.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree Dension's Blackface Plays. Three different play scripts to be performed by white actors wearing black face. The plays highlight the perceived stupidity and ignorance of African Americans. These items are cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37.1923, PN6120.N4.K37.1928, and PN6120.N4.K37.1931. Acc.2009.335. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA henpecked coon: darky monologue, 1923. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37 1923. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOld Doc Gags \"Funster\". Number Two: A collection of fun, fables, foolishness, farce, and fibs, 1925. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6161.O48 1925. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSongs and Spirituals of Negro Composition for Revivals and Congregational Singing. This item is a pamphlet of sheet music. The pamphlet also includes advertisements for home goods. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66. Acc.2009.324. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe shall overcome! Songs of the Southern freedom movement, 1963. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.C2.W4. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHow can we keep from singing! A contemporary songbook for liberal churches, fellowships, youth groups, and communal singing generally, 1976. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.H54.1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSongs and spirituals of Negro composition for revivals and congregational singing, 1921. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eModern Home Counseler. This book includes lessons, advice, and instructions on how to raise successful, happy, and obedient children. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books H83.M63. Acc. 2009.356. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Travelers Guide to Negro Monuments. This book details attractions around the United States that celebrate African Americans and their history. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books E185.53A53. Acc.2009.459. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe South Strikes Back, 1957. This booklet was written by Woodrow Boone and promotes the return of a more racially conservative society. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book PN6231.S485S68. Acc.2012.276.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Afro-American Historical Calendar, 1979. The calendar features famous African American musicians, officers, and performers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book E185.A38. Acc.2009.389. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNegroes in Our History Posters, undated. This collection of posters has a large sketch of famous African American musicians, politicians, and activists. The posters have a brief biographical sketch of each of the celebrated hero. The posters are  cataloged as Rare Book E185.96.R78 folio. Acc.2008.163. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe People Versus Segregated Schools. This 1955 pamphlet promotes integration, anti-lynching laws, and equal pay for black and white workers. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.W54 1955. Acc.2011.268. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3 Lives for Mississippi. This 1965 book is the story of Mickey Schwerner, James Chaney and Andy Goodman, three men who were killed in Philadelphia, Mississippi by the Klu Klux Klan, while fighting racial justice and the rights of African American voters. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book F347.N4H8. Acc.2011.468. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSongs of the Southern Freedom Movement. A 1965 songbook promoting freedom, racial tolerance, and heritage. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54 1976. Acc.2009.315. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHow Can We Keep From Singing Songbook. This 1965 book entitled \"We Shall Overcome!\" was compiled by Guy and Candie Carawan for the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. The book contains songs relating to sit-ins, freedom rides, voter registration and other contentious issues. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54.1976. Acc.2011.469. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"And People All Around\" Playbill. An undated playbill for a performance written by George Sklar. The play reminds viewers on the Negro Revolution in 1964, the killings of three negro boys in Mississippi, and the civil rights march on Washington. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PS3531.E826A52. Acc.2011.268. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Communist Position on the Negro Question. This booklet contains excerpts from the major speeches in discussion of the \"Negro question\" at the plenary meeting of the National Committee of the Communist Party. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.C752 1947. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Path of Negro Liberation. Pamphlet written by Benjamin J. Davis, who argues that the Communist Party of the United States believe in the unconditional political, social, and economic equality in all aspects of American life.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.D314 1947. Acc.2011.468. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Struggle Against White Chauvinism. Booklet written by Elizabeth Lawson and published by the New York State Education Department of the Communist Party. The booklet defines chauvinism and its effect on race and gender relations within the United States. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E.185.61.2376 1949. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNext Steps in the Struggle for Negro Freedom. This booklet, written by Hugh Bradley, was a report delivered at the National Conference of the Communist Party. Bradley discussed black military involvement, fair employment, and the corruption of the American government. This item is  cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B785 1953. Acc.2011.468. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Negro People on the March. This booklet, written by Benjamin J. Davis, was a report to the National Committee of the Communist Party.  Davis states that the fight for \"Negro\" freedom is at its height and that the black race must be given economic and political equality.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.6.D38 1956. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Why Join,\" The John Birch Society. This pamphlet promotes and describes the John Birch Society. The Society believes in small government and writes that most of the historic happenings within the Civil Rights Movement were Communist conspiracies. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E740.J6W45.1968. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBusing and the Democratic Struggle in Boston. This booklet was published by the Proletarian Unity League, a Communist organization dedicated to creating a strong Communist Party. They believe that white opportunism in the fundamental threat to the construction of a Revolutionary party. The booklet mostly focuses on the integration of public transportation. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book LC214.53.B67P76 1975. Acc.2011.467. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFreedom is Everybody's Job: \" The Crime of the Government Against the Negro People, 1949. This pamphlet, written by George W. Crockett, Jr., was a summation in the trail of the 11 Communist leaders.  The pamphlet argues that the Communist Party has the right to free speech and therefore cannot be outlawed.  Crockett argues that the Communist support for Civil Rights is a reason why the Communist Party is ridiculed. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HX87.C7.1949b. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe CIO and the Negro Worker, 1942. This pamphlet argues against discrimination in the workplace.  The CIO fights for equal employment of all people, races, and religions. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.8.C56 1942. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Out of the Jungle\", 1943. The Packinghouse Workers Fight for Justice and Equality. This book is a pictorial history of the Packinghouse Workers Union, which fought for racial justice, fair pay, and equality in the meat packing industry. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD6515.P14073. Acc.2011.268\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRoll the Union On, 1987. This book is a pictorial history of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union, told by its co-founder H.L. Mitchell. The Union fought for the end of lynching, a safe workplace, and equal rights for African American and white workers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD1511.U5M573 1987. Acc.2011.467\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlaxploitation Cinema Pressbooks and Posters, 1968-1976. Currently unprocessed material. 2014.194 and oversize material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndian Legends, 1994. This book includes old Native American stories and tales. Each story is also illustrated in black and white or color. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E98.F6I33.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The Klan Today\". This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Books HS2330.K63.K58\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Aryan Views: White Folk News. \"The Attitude of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan\" pamphlets. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.A13. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"The Kourier,\" a booklet of the Klan's version of the History of the United States and the Klan's opinions on \"un-American\" activities such as communism and parochial schools, and the Aryan Views and White Folk News Paper, also promoting racial intolerance. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.K69 v.11 no. 8, July 1935 copy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOld Doc Gags, \"Funster\" Number Two:: A Collection of Fun, Fables, Foolishness, Farce and Fibs. Copyright 1925 by Charles H. Ubert. The joke book includes anti-immigration and anti-Semitic content. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PN616.O48 1925.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Ingersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2","Related materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. ","See also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.","For similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.","Foreign publications: Rund Um Afrika, a booklet written in German by Gustav Petermann. The content details travels from Germany throughout Africa, visiting sites such as Kruger National Park, Victoria Falls, and Fort Christiansburg. The booklet contains many photographs and animals, buildings, and people. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book DT12.R86 3487058-1001.  Acc.2012.207.","Three Dension's Blackface Plays. Three different play scripts to be performed by white actors wearing black face. The plays highlight the perceived stupidity and ignorance of African Americans. These items are cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37.1923, PN6120.N4.K37.1928, and PN6120.N4.K37.1931. Acc.2009.335. ","A henpecked coon: darky monologue, 1923. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37 1923. ","Old Doc Gags \"Funster\". Number Two: A collection of fun, fables, foolishness, farce, and fibs, 1925. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6161.O48 1925. ","Songs and Spirituals of Negro Composition for Revivals and Congregational Singing. This item is a pamphlet of sheet music. The pamphlet also includes advertisements for home goods. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66. Acc.2009.324. ","We shall overcome! Songs of the Southern freedom movement, 1963. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.C2.W4. ","How can we keep from singing! A contemporary songbook for liberal churches, fellowships, youth groups, and communal singing generally, 1976. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.H54.1976.","Songs and spirituals of Negro composition for revivals and congregational singing, 1921. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66.","Modern Home Counseler. This book includes lessons, advice, and instructions on how to raise successful, happy, and obedient children. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books H83.M63. Acc. 2009.356. ","American Travelers Guide to Negro Monuments. This book details attractions around the United States that celebrate African Americans and their history. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books E185.53A53. Acc.2009.459. ","The South Strikes Back, 1957. This booklet was written by Woodrow Boone and promotes the return of a more racially conservative society. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book PN6231.S485S68. Acc.2012.276.","The Afro-American Historical Calendar, 1979. The calendar features famous African American musicians, officers, and performers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book E185.A38. Acc.2009.389. ","Negroes in Our History Posters, undated. This collection of posters has a large sketch of famous African American musicians, politicians, and activists. The posters have a brief biographical sketch of each of the celebrated hero. The posters are  cataloged as Rare Book E185.96.R78 folio. Acc.2008.163. ","The People Versus Segregated Schools. This 1955 pamphlet promotes integration, anti-lynching laws, and equal pay for black and white workers. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.W54 1955. Acc.2011.268. ","3 Lives for Mississippi. This 1965 book is the story of Mickey Schwerner, James Chaney and Andy Goodman, three men who were killed in Philadelphia, Mississippi by the Klu Klux Klan, while fighting racial justice and the rights of African American voters. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book F347.N4H8. Acc.2011.468. ","Songs of the Southern Freedom Movement. A 1965 songbook promoting freedom, racial tolerance, and heritage. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54 1976. Acc.2009.315. ","How Can We Keep From Singing Songbook. This 1965 book entitled \"We Shall Overcome!\" was compiled by Guy and Candie Carawan for the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. The book contains songs relating to sit-ins, freedom rides, voter registration and other contentious issues. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54.1976. Acc.2011.469. ","\"And People All Around\" Playbill. An undated playbill for a performance written by George Sklar. The play reminds viewers on the Negro Revolution in 1964, the killings of three negro boys in Mississippi, and the civil rights march on Washington. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PS3531.E826A52. Acc.2011.268. ","The Communist Position on the Negro Question. This booklet contains excerpts from the major speeches in discussion of the \"Negro question\" at the plenary meeting of the National Committee of the Communist Party. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.C752 1947. Acc.2011.467. ","The Path of Negro Liberation. Pamphlet written by Benjamin J. Davis, who argues that the Communist Party of the United States believe in the unconditional political, social, and economic equality in all aspects of American life.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.D314 1947. Acc.2011.468. ","The Struggle Against White Chauvinism. Booklet written by Elizabeth Lawson and published by the New York State Education Department of the Communist Party. The booklet defines chauvinism and its effect on race and gender relations within the United States. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E.185.61.2376 1949. Acc.2011.467. ","Next Steps in the Struggle for Negro Freedom. This booklet, written by Hugh Bradley, was a report delivered at the National Conference of the Communist Party. Bradley discussed black military involvement, fair employment, and the corruption of the American government. This item is  cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B785 1953. Acc.2011.468. ","The Negro People on the March. This booklet, written by Benjamin J. Davis, was a report to the National Committee of the Communist Party.  Davis states that the fight for \"Negro\" freedom is at its height and that the black race must be given economic and political equality.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.6.D38 1956. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Why Join,\" The John Birch Society. This pamphlet promotes and describes the John Birch Society. The Society believes in small government and writes that most of the historic happenings within the Civil Rights Movement were Communist conspiracies. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E740.J6W45.1968. Acc.2011.467. ","Busing and the Democratic Struggle in Boston. This booklet was published by the Proletarian Unity League, a Communist organization dedicated to creating a strong Communist Party. They believe that white opportunism in the fundamental threat to the construction of a Revolutionary party. The booklet mostly focuses on the integration of public transportation. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book LC214.53.B67P76 1975. Acc.2011.467. Acc.2011.467. ","Freedom is Everybody's Job: \" The Crime of the Government Against the Negro People, 1949. This pamphlet, written by George W. Crockett, Jr., was a summation in the trail of the 11 Communist leaders.  The pamphlet argues that the Communist Party has the right to free speech and therefore cannot be outlawed.  Crockett argues that the Communist support for Civil Rights is a reason why the Communist Party is ridiculed. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HX87.C7.1949b. ","The CIO and the Negro Worker, 1942. This pamphlet argues against discrimination in the workplace.  The CIO fights for equal employment of all people, races, and religions. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.8.C56 1942. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Out of the Jungle\", 1943. The Packinghouse Workers Fight for Justice and Equality. This book is a pictorial history of the Packinghouse Workers Union, which fought for racial justice, fair pay, and equality in the meat packing industry. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD6515.P14073. Acc.2011.268","Roll the Union On, 1987. This book is a pictorial history of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union, told by its co-founder H.L. Mitchell. The Union fought for the end of lynching, a safe workplace, and equal rights for African American and white workers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD1511.U5M573 1987. Acc.2011.467","Blaxploitation Cinema Pressbooks and Posters, 1968-1976. Currently unprocessed material. 2014.194 and oversize material.","Indian Legends, 1994. This book includes old Native American stories and tales. Each story is also illustrated in black and white or color. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E98.F6I33.","\"The Klan Today\". This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Books HS2330.K63.K58","The Aryan Views: White Folk News. \"The Attitude of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan\" pamphlets. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.A13. ","\"The Kourier,\" a booklet of the Klan's version of the History of the United States and the Klan's opinions on \"un-American\" activities such as communism and parochial schools, and the Aryan Views and White Folk News Paper, also promoting racial intolerance. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.K69 v.11 no. 8, July 1935 copy.","Old Doc Gags, \"Funster\" Number Two:: A Collection of Fun, Fables, Foolishness, Farce and Fibs. Copyright 1925 by Charles H. Ubert. The joke book includes anti-immigration and anti-Semitic content. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PN616.O48 1925."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are published items like travel guides, joke books, song books, story books, programs and handbills, comic strips, a yearbook, election fliers, political publications, pamphlets and calendars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFolder contains three envelopes: Union patriotic envelope depicting a black man picking cotton, titled \"One of the Rebels\", (Acc.2014.123), Union patriotic envelope of a slave dressed as the \"King of the South,\" (Acc. 2014.124), Union patriotic envelope with a map of the south (Acc. 2014.125).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA booklet of twenty minor dramas, extravaganzas, and farces for the amateur stage.  The plays contain stereotypical typecasting of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA story book entitled \"The Ten Little Niggers,\" with stereotypical illustrations. The layout of the book is similar to that of \"Ten Little Indians.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis songbook features stereotypical illustrations of African Americans including pompous dresses and large lips.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis joke book features jokes that promote racism and a negative view of African Americans.  The jokes are also anti-immigration and misogynistic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook dates from the late 1800's.  The pictures in the book vary, from paintings of flowers to advertising cards for household items.  One page in the book features several stereotypical images of African Americans.  Pictures of monkeys are also placed on this page, therefore stating that they are one in the same.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertising trade cards that contain stereotypically racist images of African Americans. The cards are for a clothier. The folder also contains an advertisement for Jos. J. Foley, Tailor, Boston MA, which has a November 1908 calendar alongside an illustration of African American children swinging and climbing trees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains multiple advertising cards. The items advertised include soaps, clothing, and household goods. The cards contain stereotypical images of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains advertising cards that depict African Americans in a negative light.  Common features are large lips and flouncy outfits.  The sketches on the cards often have little to do with the product being advertised.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStereotypical black representations on three advertising trade cards. The cards for pancake batter and clothes depict African Americans with large eyes and mouths along with other stereotypical features.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertising cards for a clothier.  The cards depict an African American man trying to command and then falling off a horse-drawn wagon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertisement card for Old Virginia Cheroots from the American Tobacco Company.  The advertisement has a sketch of an African American man.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertising label for Old Black Joe's blackeyed peas, showing a black man with a white beard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSketch for \"The Connoisseurs\", a popular advertising image for Cream of Wheat. The painting features a black man in a chef's hat, teaching a child about the taste and health benefits of cream of wheat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrint of the painting by Edward V. Brewer entitled \"The Connoisseurs\" for the Cream of Wheat Company. The painting features an African American man in a chef costume tasting Cream of Wheat along with an African American boy in an apron and chef hat. Oversize item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive cards that have negative, stereotypical images of African Americans. Images include a black woman being compared to a donkey and young men playing craps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 22 racist postcards. Features include large lips and big eyes. Images also include depictions of African Americans stealing goods. Other cards include cartooned drawings of African Americans in flouncy clothing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 42 cards with racist imagery. Images include cartooned sketches of African Americans with big eyes and over exaggerated lips. Images depict African Americans as lazy and inept. They are shown stealing chickens, eating watermelon, and improperly serving white people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA postcard with an image of an African American boy with a large mouth, kneeling next to two watermelons\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of eight postcards that have negative, stereotypical sketches of African Americans. Images include women with large behinds, boys eating watermelon, and men with large lips.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains five racist postcards. They contain images including boys eating watermelon and a cartooned black man stealing a chicken.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of three postcards and a pamphlet entitled \"Fun on the Run.\" The \"Fun on the Run\" pamphlet includes several racist and sexist caricatures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePostcard containing an image of a cartooned black man and woman. The man has large lips and torn clothing. The woman's features are exaggerated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis souvenir features common images of African Americans in the south, including picking cotton, eating watermelon, and playing the fiddle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains three Happy Birthday and one Christmas card. The cards contain cartooned sketches of African Americans, with factors such as large lips and big eyes. One happy birthday card has a sketch of three black women riding in a large watermelon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains numerous happy birthday cards featuring cartooned sketches of African American girls. The girls' features include large eyes and curly hair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCards that promote the seven principles of Kwanzaa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublications from the Jim Crow era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a book of rag-time melodies, which includes advertisements, sheet music, and lyrics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis item is the yearbook of the African American high school in Essex County, Virginia. The yearbook includes photographs, poems, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis travel guide of \"negro\" hotels was published by Afro-American Newspapers. The guide includes a map of the East Coast and advertisements from multiple hotels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo advertisements promoting performances by African American musicians and artists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains an item promoting the Lost Cause ideology, which conveys nostalgia for the Confederacy prior to the Civil War. Confederate norms are presented in the best possible light. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNatchez Pilgrimage Brochure, 1955 March 31, invites people to celebrate the Old South by touring Antebellum mansions in Natchez, Mississippi. The brochure contains multiple photographs and descriptions of the old Antebellum mansion. (Acc.2012.278)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains publications celebrating the accomplishments and contributions of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe booklet describes the history and curricula of Hampton Institute, now Hampton University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe multiple brochures feature African American jubilee singers and performers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis brochure is for the Negro History Society of the Hampton Institute and their presentation of singer Dorothy Maynor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis calendar features the stories of famous African American inventors, politicians, and scholars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis flyer promotes the election of Arthur H. Vandenberg as senator of Michigan. It states that Vandenberg promises to outlaw the poll tax and favors an anti-lynching law. Vandenberg promises to support African American causes if elected.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese comic strips  promote racial tolerance. One comic entitled \"Stand Up For Sportsmanship,\" features Batman stopping a fight between two boys, one white and one black. When Batman asks what happened, he discovers they're fighting because the white boy doesn't want the black boy to play with them because \"he don't belong, he ain't a real American.\" Batman responds with a lesson about racial tolerance, saying \"don't believe the crackpot lies about people who worship differently, or whose skin is of a different color, or whose parents come from another country... a nation divided by prejudice is like a football team without teamwork.\" The next one, featuring Batman, teaches the reader that a country divided by racial prejudice is the same as a football team without teamwork. The next comic encourages a baseball team to be accepting of players of different ethnicity. The last comic, featuring superman, promotes both racial and religious tolerance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReprint of an article from the American Legion magazine concerns the buying of Negro votes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a pamphlet published by the Independent Socialist Club promoting the black power movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis pamphlet entitled \"Here's Proof of the Red Pro-Negro Plot Against South \u0026amp; USA.\" argues that communist are trying to stir up trouble between white and black races, promoting racial mixing, and eventually want to control America. Pamphlet includes a map of the south, which it states Communist want to turn into a Negro Communist Soviet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis flyier shows a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr. and other Civil Rights leaders at a supposed Communist training school. The flier states that these leaders have brought tension, disturbance, and violence while trying to promote these Communist ideals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis booklet was published by Robert Welch. He argues that the \"negro\" population is much better off than populations around the globe. He also states that the population has made great strides in the last hundred years. Welch believes that the Communists are trying to turn black people against white people in America.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis pamphlet was printed by the Communist Party of Cleveland.  The pamphlet states that black and white people work side and side, and therefore black and white children should be able to learn and live with each other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA pamphlet from the Communist Party of California.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn editorial from the Monroe, La. Morning World, concerns the author's fears that the United Nations is secretly a Communist plot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA flyer created by the Bay Area Revoluntionary Union concerning streets that are still occupied by the National Guard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA pamphlet subtitled \"a voice and vote for every member in the UAW-CIO regardless of race, color or creed.\" The pamphlet states that whites and \"negroes\" are all members of the same family and should be employed to the same end. The UAW-CIO promotes the hiring of \"negroes\" in all fields.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Labor Education Fund pamphlet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis pamphlet by Angelo Herndon describes the hardship of working in a southern mining town. Herndon describes how he fought the system and promoted fair pay to working class citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe themes of these games range from satirizing to celebrating the progress and intellect of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e52 playing cards from the game \"In Dixie-Land\". Copyrighted 1896, L.D. Baldwin, by The Fireside Game Co.  The instructions are missing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a set of playing cards.  The cards have a sketch and a brief biological summary of influential African American inventors, politicians, musicians, and activists. Rules for the game are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis board game is a racially based Monopoly style game. White players are allowed to buy properties throughout the board while black players are restricted to center areas. The game exemplifies the difficulties of living in a racially segregated housing market. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B5 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe game, which portrays public welfare and its recipients in a negative light, caused immediate controversy upon its publication. It was also perceived as racist and sexist and government agencies appealed to retailers to pull it off the shelves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game is a quiz and trivia style game. The game tests players' knowledge of black athletes, musicians, and activists. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.96.F67 1988\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis board game tests players' knowledge of African American achievement in history, patents, inventions, sports, and entertainment. There is also a category of questions titled black awareness. Players answer questions to move along on a board, through the struggles of slavery and Jim Crow, eventually arriving back in Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game is a game of dice where players role to turn over face cards number one through twelve. The cards and box feature racist imagery, including African Americans with bulging eyes and huge lips.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis board game is a trivia style game which tests players' knowledge of African American history. Players answer questions to receive an associates, bachelors, masters, and doctorate in black studies. The word \"funda\" comes from an African language and means to instruct.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive various cards and Valentine's featuring caricatures of African Americans.  Most of the cards depict the individuals with over exaggerated features and stereotypes, such as one card showing an African American eating watermelon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e20 caricature and three photograph postcards of African Americans.  Most of the caricature postcards feature stereotypical cartoons and captions of African Americans.  The photographs show African Americans tilling in cotton fields and posing outside dilapidated homes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree stereoviews showing African Americans picking cotton in Georgia and Mississippi cotton fields and sugar cane in Peurto Rico. The views were produced by Underwood and Underwood, and the Keystone Viewing Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains VHS tapes that are notable for the original video cases. Most of the movies are from the Blaxploitation genre, a controversial film movement. Blaxploitation films contained many common stereotypes. The black community is often portrayed as violent and drug related. However, some people believed the films were examples of black expression and power.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a young man who accidently kills his brother and then becomes a preacher to seek amends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFilm features gang life in Harlem, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features two men who work in Harlem. They get sent on a wild goose chase looking for money hidden in a barrel of cotton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a Harlem private eye hired to save teenagers kidnapped by the Mafia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a Harlem drug-dealer who wants to make one last sell before quitting the cocaine business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features Cleopatra Jones, drug traffickers' deadliest enemy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film takes Bruce Lee to the island fortress of a criminal warlord, whom Bruce Lee must overcome.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features Dracula's bloodbrother, Blacula.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features black CIA recruits from Chicago who become freedom fighters after their military training.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features Pop Boyd, a martial arts champion who opens a studio on land that the Mafia wants to use as a headquarters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFilm features two ex-Vietnam soldiers who pursue the elite drug dealing industries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a young black man who seeks revenge when he is arrested on false charges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe f Film features black drug dealers, mobsters, and undercover cops.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this sequel to Dolemite, Rudy Ray Moore flees to California, where he helps Queen Bee and her Kung-Fu girls battle a local gangster.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a morally bankrupt man who can save his own life only if he marries the devil's ugly daughter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a man who owns a disco and declares war on the producers of Angel Dust, a drug corrupting his nephew.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a man who seeks revenge on his girlfriend's killer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFilm features a Detroit police sergeant who is pitted against brutal thugs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features friends who are hiding from the mob and hunting a gangster boss, who rigged a karate tournament.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features a man, just recently released from prison, who uses brains and muscles to survive in the city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features the Black Dragon, who teams up with kung fu dynamo Dragon Lee as they take on the Korean and Japanese mafias.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a man named Blade, who is the last hope for humanity, when a bloodthirsty lord declares war on the human race.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features a vampire slayer who fights to save humanity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features a gang who goes from rags to riches, and then fights a knife-wielding, car stealing leprechaun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film is the third in a trilogy. It features a vampire hunter who must join forces with a clan of other hunters to find and defeat Dracula.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Great Cataract or Waterfall of Niagara in North America, This folder contains a copperplate engraving of Niagara Falls on paper. The image depicts a group of Native Americans showing Europeans the beauty of the falls. In the background, there are several Native Americans hauling large stones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowhatan Applesauce Label. \nThis folder contains an advertising label for apple sauce named after the famed Native American chiefdom, the Powhatan. The advertisement includes a sketch of a Native American with a colorful head band and feather in his hair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIron King Cook Calendar. \nThis calendar features a scene in which white settlers shot Native Americans while hiding behind a large iron king stove.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 12 postcards that feature oil paintings of Native American imagery. The cards depict a variety of different scenes, including an Indian camp, a hunted buffalo, a tepee, and an Indian carrying an American flag after Custer's Last Stand. The postcards have a short description of each portrayed scene.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 28 postcards featuring images of Native Americans. The postcards represent tribes from all over the country, from the Iroquois to the Hopi. Common images are war dances and dwellings such as tepees and long houses. Many of the postcards have short descriptions of the scenes on the back.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 90 postcards that portray Indian life in the south western United States. Images include  young girls and boys, Indians in traditional tribal outfits, mountains, canyons, and pueblo houses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a souvenir folder that contains a description and multiple illustrations of Indian chiefs.  The chiefs depicted are all from Western tribes, including the Pueblos, Navajos, Apache, Sioux, and Blackfoot.  The description states that the Pueblos are the most civilized of the nations.  The illustrations include portraits of the leaders as well as scenes of the leaders in the picturesque mountains of the west.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a souvenir folder that describes and illustrates southwestern Native American life.  The author notes that native life is \"primitive\" with little industry and machinery.  The images contain various scenes, including a mother and child standing next to cactus brush, people gathered around a tepee, a pueblo village, and men creating wampum beads.  Also depicted are images of natives performing a variety of crafts and chores.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of trading cards that contain negative imagery of Native Americans.  Images include Native Americans being stabbed by white settler, a Native American man drinking too much, and misrepresentations of traditional Indian outfits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe trading cards depict imagery of Native Americans, including totem poles, war dances, and stockades.  The cards have images on one side, and a short description of the scene on the other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversized trading that that have photographs and drawing of various Native American leaders.  The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.  This trading cards are housed separately due to their large size.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe trading cards have photographs and drawings of various Native American leaders. The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis set of 90 cards have images on one side of famous Native American leaders and of famous battles fought by various native tribes.  The backside has a short, skewed description of historical events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a box of bridge tally cards.  The cards have sketches of Native American people and scenery, along with the names and locations of different tribes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Wild West Gum cards contains 22 cards depicting colorized illustrations of Native Americans. The collection was part of a set of 24 cards manufactured by John H. Dockman and Son in the early twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Paragon Beef trading cards include negative images of Chinese men with long braids and stereotypical straw hats.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries of advertising cards that promote the Chinese immigrant population in a negative way. Advertisers include Celluloid Corset Clasps, Kendall Manufacturing Company Soaps and Soapine, Henderson's Goods, and Gent's Furnishings and Fancy Goods Houses. The images depict Chinese men with long hair embarking on ships and men with over exaggerated eye features. The images often have little to do with the product being advertised.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries of cards that depict a scene between two white boys and a Chinese man. The children pull the man's braid, snap it off, and project the Chinese man from his perch, thus solving the \"Chinese problem\". Another card shows Chinese men being bitten by a dog.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of cards that depict Asian Americans in negative ways.  Images include men embarking on a boat for China, a sketch of Mun Wong, and a Chinese child holding an umbrella.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis Fourth of July postcard displays racist imagery towards Asian Americans. The card portrays an Asian woman running away from a fire cracker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis comic strip includes stereotypical images of a Chinese man who entrapped his long braid in a rail road track.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game includes a small box of sticks. Each player is to shake the box and the first stick that pops out is the one chosen.  Each stick has a number, and the numbers correspond to a booklet that contains fortunes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries of two sided trading cards. One of the sides have images of aspects of Jewish life, such as lighting candles and dancing with the torah. The other sides have short bible verses and explanations of the images.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game is an educational trivia game that features questions regarding different aspects of the Islamic Hajj. Categories include \"How to Perform Hajj,\" \"Places of Hajj,\" and \"General Questions on Hajj.\" The game is geared toward teaching children about the Muslim pilgrimage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe postcard displays a derogatory image of a Cuban mother feeding her two small children, one of whom nurses from a goat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems in this folder include pamphlets instructing men on how to be good Klan members, a pamphlet regarding the Klan's attitude toward immigration, the Klan's attitude toward the Jew and other letters of propaganda.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder include meeting minutes from a chapter of the Klu Klux Klan in Elkton, Maryland. The folder also includes the obituary of klansmen Raymond C. Fronk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a pamphlet published by the Equal Rights Congress in a national effort to outlaw the Nazis and the Klu Klux Klan.  The folder also contains fliers promoting integration and racial tolerance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a manuscript by an unknown author on the subject of foreign immigration into the United States of America. The author argues that foreign populations should be restricted from coming to the United States. The manuscript also discusses the various races and ethnicities that should be restricted, including the Irish, the Jewish population, Italians, and the African and Asian races. The document concludes with a list of prohibitions that the author would impose to keep the immigrant populations from entering the country.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis booklet is published by the Order United American Mechanics, a secret fraternity composed entirely of citizens born in the US.American citizens born. The booklet argues against competition for jobs with foreign-born immigrants.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCards with images and phrases that promote racial and religious equality.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.","Included are published items like travel guides, joke books, song books, story books, programs and handbills, comic strips, a yearbook, election fliers, political publications, pamphlets and calendars.","This fFolder contains three envelopes: Union patriotic envelope depicting a black man picking cotton, titled \"One of the Rebels\", (Acc.2014.123), Union patriotic envelope of a slave dressed as the \"King of the South,\" (Acc. 2014.124), Union patriotic envelope with a map of the south (Acc. 2014.125).","A booklet of twenty minor dramas, extravaganzas, and farces for the amateur stage.  The plays contain stereotypical typecasting of African Americans.","A story book entitled \"The Ten Little Niggers,\" with stereotypical illustrations. The layout of the book is similar to that of \"Ten Little Indians.\"","This songbook features stereotypical illustrations of African Americans including pompous dresses and large lips.","This joke book features jokes that promote racism and a negative view of African Americans.  The jokes are also anti-immigration and misogynistic.","The scrapbook dates from the late 1800's.  The pictures in the book vary, from paintings of flowers to advertising cards for household items.  One page in the book features several stereotypical images of African Americans.  Pictures of monkeys are also placed on this page, therefore stating that they are one in the same.","Advertising trade cards that contain stereotypically racist images of African Americans. The cards are for a clothier. The folder also contains an advertisement for Jos. J. Foley, Tailor, Boston MA, which has a November 1908 calendar alongside an illustration of African American children swinging and climbing trees.","This folder contains multiple advertising cards. The items advertised include soaps, clothing, and household goods. The cards contain stereotypical images of African Americans.","This folder contains advertising cards that depict African Americans in a negative light.  Common features are large lips and flouncy outfits.  The sketches on the cards often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Stereotypical black representations on three advertising trade cards. The cards for pancake batter and clothes depict African Americans with large eyes and mouths along with other stereotypical features.","Advertising cards for a clothier.  The cards depict an African American man trying to command and then falling off a horse-drawn wagon.","Advertisement card for Old Virginia Cheroots from the American Tobacco Company.  The advertisement has a sketch of an African American man.","Advertising label for Old Black Joe's blackeyed peas, showing a black man with a white beard.","Sketch for \"The Connoisseurs\", a popular advertising image for Cream of Wheat. The painting features a black man in a chef's hat, teaching a child about the taste and health benefits of cream of wheat.","Print of the painting by Edward V. Brewer entitled \"The Connoisseurs\" for the Cream of Wheat Company. The painting features an African American man in a chef costume tasting Cream of Wheat along with an African American boy in an apron and chef hat. Oversize item.","Five cards that have negative, stereotypical images of African Americans. Images include a black woman being compared to a donkey and young men playing craps.","Set of 22 racist postcards. Features include large lips and big eyes. Images also include depictions of African Americans stealing goods. Other cards include cartooned drawings of African Americans in flouncy clothing.","Set of 42 cards with racist imagery. Images include cartooned sketches of African Americans with big eyes and over exaggerated lips. Images depict African Americans as lazy and inept. They are shown stealing chickens, eating watermelon, and improperly serving white people.","A postcard with an image of an African American boy with a large mouth, kneeling next to two watermelons","Set of eight postcards that have negative, stereotypical sketches of African Americans. Images include women with large behinds, boys eating watermelon, and men with large lips.","This folder contains five racist postcards. They contain images including boys eating watermelon and a cartooned black man stealing a chicken.","Set of three postcards and a pamphlet entitled \"Fun on the Run.\" The \"Fun on the Run\" pamphlet includes several racist and sexist caricatures.","Postcard containing an image of a cartooned black man and woman. The man has large lips and torn clothing. The woman's features are exaggerated.","This souvenir features common images of African Americans in the south, including picking cotton, eating watermelon, and playing the fiddle.","This folder contains three Happy Birthday and one Christmas card. The cards contain cartooned sketches of African Americans, with factors such as large lips and big eyes. One happy birthday card has a sketch of three black women riding in a large watermelon.","This folder contains numerous happy birthday cards featuring cartooned sketches of African American girls. The girls' features include large eyes and curly hair.","Cards that promote the seven principles of Kwanzaa.","Publications from the Jim Crow era.","This is a book of rag-time melodies, which includes advertisements, sheet music, and lyrics.","This item is the yearbook of the African American high school in Essex County, Virginia. The yearbook includes photographs, poems, and advertisements.","This travel guide of \"negro\" hotels was published by Afro-American Newspapers. The guide includes a map of the East Coast and advertisements from multiple hotels.","Two advertisements promoting performances by African American musicians and artists.","The folder contains an item promoting the Lost Cause ideology, which conveys nostalgia for the Confederacy prior to the Civil War. Confederate norms are presented in the best possible light. ","Natchez Pilgrimage Brochure, 1955 March 31, invites people to celebrate the Old South by touring Antebellum mansions in Natchez, Mississippi. The brochure contains multiple photographs and descriptions of the old Antebellum mansion. (Acc.2012.278)","This folder contains publications celebrating the accomplishments and contributions of African Americans.","The booklet describes the history and curricula of Hampton Institute, now Hampton University.","The multiple brochures feature African American jubilee singers and performers.","This brochure is for the Negro History Society of the Hampton Institute and their presentation of singer Dorothy Maynor.","This calendar features the stories of famous African American inventors, politicians, and scholars.","This flyer promotes the election of Arthur H. Vandenberg as senator of Michigan. It states that Vandenberg promises to outlaw the poll tax and favors an anti-lynching law. Vandenberg promises to support African American causes if elected.","These comic strips  promote racial tolerance. One comic entitled \"Stand Up For Sportsmanship,\" features Batman stopping a fight between two boys, one white and one black. When Batman asks what happened, he discovers they're fighting because the white boy doesn't want the black boy to play with them because \"he don't belong, he ain't a real American.\" Batman responds with a lesson about racial tolerance, saying \"don't believe the crackpot lies about people who worship differently, or whose skin is of a different color, or whose parents come from another country... a nation divided by prejudice is like a football team without teamwork.\" The next one, featuring Batman, teaches the reader that a country divided by racial prejudice is the same as a football team without teamwork. The next comic encourages a baseball team to be accepting of players of different ethnicity. The last comic, featuring superman, promotes both racial and religious tolerance.","Reprint of an article from the American Legion magazine concerns the buying of Negro votes.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Independent Socialist Club promoting the black power movement.","This pamphlet entitled \"Here's Proof of the Red Pro-Negro Plot Against South \u0026 USA.\" argues that communist are trying to stir up trouble between white and black races, promoting racial mixing, and eventually want to control America. Pamphlet includes a map of the south, which it states Communist want to turn into a Negro Communist Soviet.","This flyier shows a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr. and other Civil Rights leaders at a supposed Communist training school. The flier states that these leaders have brought tension, disturbance, and violence while trying to promote these Communist ideals.","This booklet was published by Robert Welch. He argues that the \"negro\" population is much better off than populations around the globe. He also states that the population has made great strides in the last hundred years. Welch believes that the Communists are trying to turn black people against white people in America.","This pamphlet was printed by the Communist Party of Cleveland.  The pamphlet states that black and white people work side and side, and therefore black and white children should be able to learn and live with each other.","A pamphlet from the Communist Party of California.","An editorial from the Monroe, La. Morning World, concerns the author's fears that the United Nations is secretly a Communist plot.","A flyer created by the Bay Area Revoluntionary Union concerning streets that are still occupied by the National Guard.","A pamphlet subtitled \"a voice and vote for every member in the UAW-CIO regardless of race, color or creed.\" The pamphlet states that whites and \"negroes\" are all members of the same family and should be employed to the same end. The UAW-CIO promotes the hiring of \"negroes\" in all fields.","A Labor Education Fund pamphlet.","This pamphlet by Angelo Herndon describes the hardship of working in a southern mining town. Herndon describes how he fought the system and promoted fair pay to working class citizens.","The themes of these games range from satirizing to celebrating the progress and intellect of African Americans.","52 playing cards from the game \"In Dixie-Land\". Copyrighted 1896, L.D. Baldwin, by The Fireside Game Co.  The instructions are missing.","This folder contains a set of playing cards.  The cards have a sketch and a brief biological summary of influential African American inventors, politicians, musicians, and activists. Rules for the game are included.","This board game is a racially based Monopoly style game. White players are allowed to buy properties throughout the board while black players are restricted to center areas. The game exemplifies the difficulties of living in a racially segregated housing market. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B5 1970.","The game, which portrays public welfare and its recipients in a negative light, caused immediate controversy upon its publication. It was also perceived as racist and sexist and government agencies appealed to retailers to pull it off the shelves.","This game is a quiz and trivia style game. The game tests players' knowledge of black athletes, musicians, and activists. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.96.F67 1988","This board game tests players' knowledge of African American achievement in history, patents, inventions, sports, and entertainment. There is also a category of questions titled black awareness. Players answer questions to move along on a board, through the struggles of slavery and Jim Crow, eventually arriving back in Africa.","This game is a game of dice where players role to turn over face cards number one through twelve. The cards and box feature racist imagery, including African Americans with bulging eyes and huge lips.","This board game is a trivia style game which tests players' knowledge of African American history. Players answer questions to receive an associates, bachelors, masters, and doctorate in black studies. The word \"funda\" comes from an African language and means to instruct.","Five various cards and Valentine's featuring caricatures of African Americans.  Most of the cards depict the individuals with over exaggerated features and stereotypes, such as one card showing an African American eating watermelon.","20 caricature and three photograph postcards of African Americans.  Most of the caricature postcards feature stereotypical cartoons and captions of African Americans.  The photographs show African Americans tilling in cotton fields and posing outside dilapidated homes.","Three stereoviews showing African Americans picking cotton in Georgia and Mississippi cotton fields and sugar cane in Peurto Rico. The views were produced by Underwood and Underwood, and the Keystone Viewing Company.","This box contains VHS tapes that are notable for the original video cases. Most of the movies are from the Blaxploitation genre, a controversial film movement. Blaxploitation films contained many common stereotypes. The black community is often portrayed as violent and drug related. However, some people believed the films were examples of black expression and power.","This film features a young man who accidently kills his brother and then becomes a preacher to seek amends.","This fFilm features gang life in Harlem, New York.","The film features two men who work in Harlem. They get sent on a wild goose chase looking for money hidden in a barrel of cotton.","The film features a Harlem private eye hired to save teenagers kidnapped by the Mafia.","This film features a Harlem drug-dealer who wants to make one last sell before quitting the cocaine business.","The film features Cleopatra Jones, drug traffickers' deadliest enemy.","The film takes Bruce Lee to the island fortress of a criminal warlord, whom Bruce Lee must overcome.","This film features Dracula's bloodbrother, Blacula.","The film features black CIA recruits from Chicago who become freedom fighters after their military training.","The fFilm features Pop Boyd, a martial arts champion who opens a studio on land that the Mafia wants to use as a headquarters.","This fFilm features two ex-Vietnam soldiers who pursue the elite drug dealing industries.","This film features a young black man who seeks revenge when he is arrested on false charges.","The f Film features black drug dealers, mobsters, and undercover cops.","In this sequel to Dolemite, Rudy Ray Moore flees to California, where he helps Queen Bee and her Kung-Fu girls battle a local gangster.","The film features a morally bankrupt man who can save his own life only if he marries the devil's ugly daughter.","The film features a man who owns a disco and declares war on the producers of Angel Dust, a drug corrupting his nephew.","This film features a man who seeks revenge on his girlfriend's killer.","This fFilm features a Detroit police sergeant who is pitted against brutal thugs.","The film features friends who are hiding from the mob and hunting a gangster boss, who rigged a karate tournament.","The fFilm features a man, just recently released from prison, who uses brains and muscles to survive in the city.","The fFilm features the Black Dragon, who teams up with kung fu dynamo Dragon Lee as they take on the Korean and Japanese mafias.","The film features a man named Blade, who is the last hope for humanity, when a bloodthirsty lord declares war on the human race.","The fFilm features a vampire slayer who fights to save humanity.","The fFilm features a gang who goes from rags to riches, and then fights a knife-wielding, car stealing leprechaun.","This film is the third in a trilogy. It features a vampire hunter who must join forces with a clan of other hunters to find and defeat Dracula.","The Great Cataract or Waterfall of Niagara in North America, This folder contains a copperplate engraving of Niagara Falls on paper. The image depicts a group of Native Americans showing Europeans the beauty of the falls. In the background, there are several Native Americans hauling large stones.","Powhatan Applesauce Label. \nThis folder contains an advertising label for apple sauce named after the famed Native American chiefdom, the Powhatan. The advertisement includes a sketch of a Native American with a colorful head band and feather in his hair.","Iron King Cook Calendar. \nThis calendar features a scene in which white settlers shot Native Americans while hiding behind a large iron king stove.","Set of 12 postcards that feature oil paintings of Native American imagery. The cards depict a variety of different scenes, including an Indian camp, a hunted buffalo, a tepee, and an Indian carrying an American flag after Custer's Last Stand. The postcards have a short description of each portrayed scene.","Set of 28 postcards featuring images of Native Americans. The postcards represent tribes from all over the country, from the Iroquois to the Hopi. Common images are war dances and dwellings such as tepees and long houses. Many of the postcards have short descriptions of the scenes on the back.","Set of 90 postcards that portray Indian life in the south western United States. Images include  young girls and boys, Indians in traditional tribal outfits, mountains, canyons, and pueblo houses.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that contains a description and multiple illustrations of Indian chiefs.  The chiefs depicted are all from Western tribes, including the Pueblos, Navajos, Apache, Sioux, and Blackfoot.  The description states that the Pueblos are the most civilized of the nations.  The illustrations include portraits of the leaders as well as scenes of the leaders in the picturesque mountains of the west.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that describes and illustrates southwestern Native American life.  The author notes that native life is \"primitive\" with little industry and machinery.  The images contain various scenes, including a mother and child standing next to cactus brush, people gathered around a tepee, a pueblo village, and men creating wampum beads.  Also depicted are images of natives performing a variety of crafts and chores.","Set of trading cards that contain negative imagery of Native Americans.  Images include Native Americans being stabbed by white settler, a Native American man drinking too much, and misrepresentations of traditional Indian outfits.","The trading cards depict imagery of Native Americans, including totem poles, war dances, and stockades.  The cards have images on one side, and a short description of the scene on the other.","Oversized trading that that have photographs and drawing of various Native American leaders.  The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.  This trading cards are housed separately due to their large size.","The trading cards have photographs and drawings of various Native American leaders. The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.","This set of 90 cards have images on one side of famous Native American leaders and of famous battles fought by various native tribes.  The backside has a short, skewed description of historical events.","This folder contains a box of bridge tally cards.  The cards have sketches of Native American people and scenery, along with the names and locations of different tribes.","The Wild West Gum cards contains 22 cards depicting colorized illustrations of Native Americans. The collection was part of a set of 24 cards manufactured by John H. Dockman and Son in the early twentieth century.","The Paragon Beef trading cards include negative images of Chinese men with long braids and stereotypical straw hats.","Series of advertising cards that promote the Chinese immigrant population in a negative way. Advertisers include Celluloid Corset Clasps, Kendall Manufacturing Company Soaps and Soapine, Henderson's Goods, and Gent's Furnishings and Fancy Goods Houses. The images depict Chinese men with long hair embarking on ships and men with over exaggerated eye features. The images often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Series of cards that depict a scene between two white boys and a Chinese man. The children pull the man's braid, snap it off, and project the Chinese man from his perch, thus solving the \"Chinese problem\". Another card shows Chinese men being bitten by a dog.","Set of cards that depict Asian Americans in negative ways.  Images include men embarking on a boat for China, a sketch of Mun Wong, and a Chinese child holding an umbrella.","This Fourth of July postcard displays racist imagery towards Asian Americans. The card portrays an Asian woman running away from a fire cracker.","This comic strip includes stereotypical images of a Chinese man who entrapped his long braid in a rail road track.","This game includes a small box of sticks. Each player is to shake the box and the first stick that pops out is the one chosen.  Each stick has a number, and the numbers correspond to a booklet that contains fortunes.","Series of two sided trading cards. One of the sides have images of aspects of Jewish life, such as lighting candles and dancing with the torah. The other sides have short bible verses and explanations of the images.","This game is an educational trivia game that features questions regarding different aspects of the Islamic Hajj. Categories include \"How to Perform Hajj,\" \"Places of Hajj,\" and \"General Questions on Hajj.\" The game is geared toward teaching children about the Muslim pilgrimage.","The postcard displays a derogatory image of a Cuban mother feeding her two small children, one of whom nurses from a goat.","Items in this folder include pamphlets instructing men on how to be good Klan members, a pamphlet regarding the Klan's attitude toward immigration, the Klan's attitude toward the Jew and other letters of propaganda.","This folder include meeting minutes from a chapter of the Klu Klux Klan in Elkton, Maryland. The folder also includes the obituary of klansmen Raymond C. Fronk.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Equal Rights Congress in a national effort to outlaw the Nazis and the Klu Klux Klan.  The folder also contains fliers promoting integration and racial tolerance.","This folder includes a manuscript by an unknown author on the subject of foreign immigration into the United States of America. The author argues that foreign populations should be restricted from coming to the United States. The manuscript also discusses the various races and ethnicities that should be restricted, including the Irish, the Jewish population, Italians, and the African and Asian races. The document concludes with a list of prohibitions that the author would impose to keep the immigrant populations from entering the country.","This booklet is published by the Order United American Mechanics, a secret fraternity composed entirely of citizens born in the US.American citizens born. The booklet argues against competition for jobs with foreign-born immigrants.","Cards with images and phrases that promote racial and religious equality."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son."],"language_ssim":["English German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":141,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:30:22.113Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2502.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection ","title_ssm":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"title_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1778-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1778-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502"],"text":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502","Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection","African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Additions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis.","The collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically.","Acc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.","Acc. 2014.194","Ingersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2","Related materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. ","See also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.","For similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.","Foreign publications: Rund Um Afrika, a booklet written in German by Gustav Petermann. The content details travels from Germany throughout Africa, visiting sites such as Kruger National Park, Victoria Falls, and Fort Christiansburg. The booklet contains many photographs and animals, buildings, and people. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book DT12.R86 3487058-1001.  Acc.2012.207.","Three Dension's Blackface Plays. Three different play scripts to be performed by white actors wearing black face. The plays highlight the perceived stupidity and ignorance of African Americans. These items are cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37.1923, PN6120.N4.K37.1928, and PN6120.N4.K37.1931. Acc.2009.335. ","A henpecked coon: darky monologue, 1923. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37 1923. ","Old Doc Gags \"Funster\". Number Two: A collection of fun, fables, foolishness, farce, and fibs, 1925. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6161.O48 1925. ","Songs and Spirituals of Negro Composition for Revivals and Congregational Singing. This item is a pamphlet of sheet music. The pamphlet also includes advertisements for home goods. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66. Acc.2009.324. ","We shall overcome! Songs of the Southern freedom movement, 1963. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.C2.W4. ","How can we keep from singing! A contemporary songbook for liberal churches, fellowships, youth groups, and communal singing generally, 1976. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.H54.1976.","Songs and spirituals of Negro composition for revivals and congregational singing, 1921. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66.","Modern Home Counseler. This book includes lessons, advice, and instructions on how to raise successful, happy, and obedient children. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books H83.M63. Acc. 2009.356. ","American Travelers Guide to Negro Monuments. This book details attractions around the United States that celebrate African Americans and their history. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books E185.53A53. Acc.2009.459. ","The South Strikes Back, 1957. This booklet was written by Woodrow Boone and promotes the return of a more racially conservative society. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book PN6231.S485S68. Acc.2012.276.","The Afro-American Historical Calendar, 1979. The calendar features famous African American musicians, officers, and performers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book E185.A38. Acc.2009.389. ","Negroes in Our History Posters, undated. This collection of posters has a large sketch of famous African American musicians, politicians, and activists. The posters have a brief biographical sketch of each of the celebrated hero. The posters are  cataloged as Rare Book E185.96.R78 folio. Acc.2008.163. ","The People Versus Segregated Schools. This 1955 pamphlet promotes integration, anti-lynching laws, and equal pay for black and white workers. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.W54 1955. Acc.2011.268. ","3 Lives for Mississippi. This 1965 book is the story of Mickey Schwerner, James Chaney and Andy Goodman, three men who were killed in Philadelphia, Mississippi by the Klu Klux Klan, while fighting racial justice and the rights of African American voters. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book F347.N4H8. Acc.2011.468. ","Songs of the Southern Freedom Movement. A 1965 songbook promoting freedom, racial tolerance, and heritage. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54 1976. Acc.2009.315. ","How Can We Keep From Singing Songbook. This 1965 book entitled \"We Shall Overcome!\" was compiled by Guy and Candie Carawan for the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. The book contains songs relating to sit-ins, freedom rides, voter registration and other contentious issues. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54.1976. Acc.2011.469. ","\"And People All Around\" Playbill. An undated playbill for a performance written by George Sklar. The play reminds viewers on the Negro Revolution in 1964, the killings of three negro boys in Mississippi, and the civil rights march on Washington. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PS3531.E826A52. Acc.2011.268. ","The Communist Position on the Negro Question. This booklet contains excerpts from the major speeches in discussion of the \"Negro question\" at the plenary meeting of the National Committee of the Communist Party. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.C752 1947. Acc.2011.467. ","The Path of Negro Liberation. Pamphlet written by Benjamin J. Davis, who argues that the Communist Party of the United States believe in the unconditional political, social, and economic equality in all aspects of American life.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.D314 1947. Acc.2011.468. ","The Struggle Against White Chauvinism. Booklet written by Elizabeth Lawson and published by the New York State Education Department of the Communist Party. The booklet defines chauvinism and its effect on race and gender relations within the United States. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E.185.61.2376 1949. Acc.2011.467. ","Next Steps in the Struggle for Negro Freedom. This booklet, written by Hugh Bradley, was a report delivered at the National Conference of the Communist Party. Bradley discussed black military involvement, fair employment, and the corruption of the American government. This item is  cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B785 1953. Acc.2011.468. ","The Negro People on the March. This booklet, written by Benjamin J. Davis, was a report to the National Committee of the Communist Party.  Davis states that the fight for \"Negro\" freedom is at its height and that the black race must be given economic and political equality.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.6.D38 1956. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Why Join,\" The John Birch Society. This pamphlet promotes and describes the John Birch Society. The Society believes in small government and writes that most of the historic happenings within the Civil Rights Movement were Communist conspiracies. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E740.J6W45.1968. Acc.2011.467. ","Busing and the Democratic Struggle in Boston. This booklet was published by the Proletarian Unity League, a Communist organization dedicated to creating a strong Communist Party. They believe that white opportunism in the fundamental threat to the construction of a Revolutionary party. The booklet mostly focuses on the integration of public transportation. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book LC214.53.B67P76 1975. Acc.2011.467. Acc.2011.467. ","Freedom is Everybody's Job: \" The Crime of the Government Against the Negro People, 1949. This pamphlet, written by George W. Crockett, Jr., was a summation in the trail of the 11 Communist leaders.  The pamphlet argues that the Communist Party has the right to free speech and therefore cannot be outlawed.  Crockett argues that the Communist support for Civil Rights is a reason why the Communist Party is ridiculed. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HX87.C7.1949b. ","The CIO and the Negro Worker, 1942. This pamphlet argues against discrimination in the workplace.  The CIO fights for equal employment of all people, races, and religions. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.8.C56 1942. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Out of the Jungle\", 1943. The Packinghouse Workers Fight for Justice and Equality. This book is a pictorial history of the Packinghouse Workers Union, which fought for racial justice, fair pay, and equality in the meat packing industry. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD6515.P14073. Acc.2011.268","Roll the Union On, 1987. This book is a pictorial history of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union, told by its co-founder H.L. Mitchell. The Union fought for the end of lynching, a safe workplace, and equal rights for African American and white workers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD1511.U5M573 1987. Acc.2011.467","Blaxploitation Cinema Pressbooks and Posters, 1968-1976. Currently unprocessed material. 2014.194 and oversize material.","Indian Legends, 1994. This book includes old Native American stories and tales. Each story is also illustrated in black and white or color. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E98.F6I33.","\"The Klan Today\". This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Books HS2330.K63.K58","The Aryan Views: White Folk News. \"The Attitude of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan\" pamphlets. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.A13. ","\"The Kourier,\" a booklet of the Klan's version of the History of the United States and the Klan's opinions on \"un-American\" activities such as communism and parochial schools, and the Aryan Views and White Folk News Paper, also promoting racial intolerance. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.K69 v.11 no. 8, July 1935 copy.","Old Doc Gags, \"Funster\" Number Two:: A Collection of Fun, Fables, Foolishness, Farce and Fibs. Copyright 1925 by Charles H. Ubert. The joke book includes anti-immigration and anti-Semitic content. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PN616.O48 1925.","The racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.","Included are published items like travel guides, joke books, song books, story books, programs and handbills, comic strips, a yearbook, election fliers, political publications, pamphlets and calendars.","This fFolder contains three envelopes: Union patriotic envelope depicting a black man picking cotton, titled \"One of the Rebels\", (Acc.2014.123), Union patriotic envelope of a slave dressed as the \"King of the South,\" (Acc. 2014.124), Union patriotic envelope with a map of the south (Acc. 2014.125).","A booklet of twenty minor dramas, extravaganzas, and farces for the amateur stage.  The plays contain stereotypical typecasting of African Americans.","A story book entitled \"The Ten Little Niggers,\" with stereotypical illustrations. The layout of the book is similar to that of \"Ten Little Indians.\"","This songbook features stereotypical illustrations of African Americans including pompous dresses and large lips.","This joke book features jokes that promote racism and a negative view of African Americans.  The jokes are also anti-immigration and misogynistic.","The scrapbook dates from the late 1800's.  The pictures in the book vary, from paintings of flowers to advertising cards for household items.  One page in the book features several stereotypical images of African Americans.  Pictures of monkeys are also placed on this page, therefore stating that they are one in the same.","Advertising trade cards that contain stereotypically racist images of African Americans. The cards are for a clothier. The folder also contains an advertisement for Jos. J. Foley, Tailor, Boston MA, which has a November 1908 calendar alongside an illustration of African American children swinging and climbing trees.","This folder contains multiple advertising cards. The items advertised include soaps, clothing, and household goods. The cards contain stereotypical images of African Americans.","This folder contains advertising cards that depict African Americans in a negative light.  Common features are large lips and flouncy outfits.  The sketches on the cards often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Stereotypical black representations on three advertising trade cards. The cards for pancake batter and clothes depict African Americans with large eyes and mouths along with other stereotypical features.","Advertising cards for a clothier.  The cards depict an African American man trying to command and then falling off a horse-drawn wagon.","Advertisement card for Old Virginia Cheroots from the American Tobacco Company.  The advertisement has a sketch of an African American man.","Advertising label for Old Black Joe's blackeyed peas, showing a black man with a white beard.","Sketch for \"The Connoisseurs\", a popular advertising image for Cream of Wheat. The painting features a black man in a chef's hat, teaching a child about the taste and health benefits of cream of wheat.","Print of the painting by Edward V. Brewer entitled \"The Connoisseurs\" for the Cream of Wheat Company. The painting features an African American man in a chef costume tasting Cream of Wheat along with an African American boy in an apron and chef hat. Oversize item.","Five cards that have negative, stereotypical images of African Americans. Images include a black woman being compared to a donkey and young men playing craps.","Set of 22 racist postcards. Features include large lips and big eyes. Images also include depictions of African Americans stealing goods. Other cards include cartooned drawings of African Americans in flouncy clothing.","Set of 42 cards with racist imagery. Images include cartooned sketches of African Americans with big eyes and over exaggerated lips. Images depict African Americans as lazy and inept. They are shown stealing chickens, eating watermelon, and improperly serving white people.","A postcard with an image of an African American boy with a large mouth, kneeling next to two watermelons","Set of eight postcards that have negative, stereotypical sketches of African Americans. Images include women with large behinds, boys eating watermelon, and men with large lips.","This folder contains five racist postcards. They contain images including boys eating watermelon and a cartooned black man stealing a chicken.","Set of three postcards and a pamphlet entitled \"Fun on the Run.\" The \"Fun on the Run\" pamphlet includes several racist and sexist caricatures.","Postcard containing an image of a cartooned black man and woman. The man has large lips and torn clothing. The woman's features are exaggerated.","This souvenir features common images of African Americans in the south, including picking cotton, eating watermelon, and playing the fiddle.","This folder contains three Happy Birthday and one Christmas card. The cards contain cartooned sketches of African Americans, with factors such as large lips and big eyes. One happy birthday card has a sketch of three black women riding in a large watermelon.","This folder contains numerous happy birthday cards featuring cartooned sketches of African American girls. The girls' features include large eyes and curly hair.","Cards that promote the seven principles of Kwanzaa.","Publications from the Jim Crow era.","This is a book of rag-time melodies, which includes advertisements, sheet music, and lyrics.","This item is the yearbook of the African American high school in Essex County, Virginia. The yearbook includes photographs, poems, and advertisements.","This travel guide of \"negro\" hotels was published by Afro-American Newspapers. The guide includes a map of the East Coast and advertisements from multiple hotels.","Two advertisements promoting performances by African American musicians and artists.","The folder contains an item promoting the Lost Cause ideology, which conveys nostalgia for the Confederacy prior to the Civil War. Confederate norms are presented in the best possible light. ","Natchez Pilgrimage Brochure, 1955 March 31, invites people to celebrate the Old South by touring Antebellum mansions in Natchez, Mississippi. The brochure contains multiple photographs and descriptions of the old Antebellum mansion. (Acc.2012.278)","This folder contains publications celebrating the accomplishments and contributions of African Americans.","The booklet describes the history and curricula of Hampton Institute, now Hampton University.","The multiple brochures feature African American jubilee singers and performers.","This brochure is for the Negro History Society of the Hampton Institute and their presentation of singer Dorothy Maynor.","This calendar features the stories of famous African American inventors, politicians, and scholars.","This flyer promotes the election of Arthur H. Vandenberg as senator of Michigan. It states that Vandenberg promises to outlaw the poll tax and favors an anti-lynching law. Vandenberg promises to support African American causes if elected.","These comic strips  promote racial tolerance. One comic entitled \"Stand Up For Sportsmanship,\" features Batman stopping a fight between two boys, one white and one black. When Batman asks what happened, he discovers they're fighting because the white boy doesn't want the black boy to play with them because \"he don't belong, he ain't a real American.\" Batman responds with a lesson about racial tolerance, saying \"don't believe the crackpot lies about people who worship differently, or whose skin is of a different color, or whose parents come from another country... a nation divided by prejudice is like a football team without teamwork.\" The next one, featuring Batman, teaches the reader that a country divided by racial prejudice is the same as a football team without teamwork. The next comic encourages a baseball team to be accepting of players of different ethnicity. The last comic, featuring superman, promotes both racial and religious tolerance.","Reprint of an article from the American Legion magazine concerns the buying of Negro votes.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Independent Socialist Club promoting the black power movement.","This pamphlet entitled \"Here's Proof of the Red Pro-Negro Plot Against South \u0026 USA.\" argues that communist are trying to stir up trouble between white and black races, promoting racial mixing, and eventually want to control America. Pamphlet includes a map of the south, which it states Communist want to turn into a Negro Communist Soviet.","This flyier shows a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr. and other Civil Rights leaders at a supposed Communist training school. The flier states that these leaders have brought tension, disturbance, and violence while trying to promote these Communist ideals.","This booklet was published by Robert Welch. He argues that the \"negro\" population is much better off than populations around the globe. He also states that the population has made great strides in the last hundred years. Welch believes that the Communists are trying to turn black people against white people in America.","This pamphlet was printed by the Communist Party of Cleveland.  The pamphlet states that black and white people work side and side, and therefore black and white children should be able to learn and live with each other.","A pamphlet from the Communist Party of California.","An editorial from the Monroe, La. Morning World, concerns the author's fears that the United Nations is secretly a Communist plot.","A flyer created by the Bay Area Revoluntionary Union concerning streets that are still occupied by the National Guard.","A pamphlet subtitled \"a voice and vote for every member in the UAW-CIO regardless of race, color or creed.\" The pamphlet states that whites and \"negroes\" are all members of the same family and should be employed to the same end. The UAW-CIO promotes the hiring of \"negroes\" in all fields.","A Labor Education Fund pamphlet.","This pamphlet by Angelo Herndon describes the hardship of working in a southern mining town. Herndon describes how he fought the system and promoted fair pay to working class citizens.","The themes of these games range from satirizing to celebrating the progress and intellect of African Americans.","52 playing cards from the game \"In Dixie-Land\". Copyrighted 1896, L.D. Baldwin, by The Fireside Game Co.  The instructions are missing.","This folder contains a set of playing cards.  The cards have a sketch and a brief biological summary of influential African American inventors, politicians, musicians, and activists. Rules for the game are included.","This board game is a racially based Monopoly style game. White players are allowed to buy properties throughout the board while black players are restricted to center areas. The game exemplifies the difficulties of living in a racially segregated housing market. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B5 1970.","The game, which portrays public welfare and its recipients in a negative light, caused immediate controversy upon its publication. It was also perceived as racist and sexist and government agencies appealed to retailers to pull it off the shelves.","This game is a quiz and trivia style game. The game tests players' knowledge of black athletes, musicians, and activists. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.96.F67 1988","This board game tests players' knowledge of African American achievement in history, patents, inventions, sports, and entertainment. There is also a category of questions titled black awareness. Players answer questions to move along on a board, through the struggles of slavery and Jim Crow, eventually arriving back in Africa.","This game is a game of dice where players role to turn over face cards number one through twelve. The cards and box feature racist imagery, including African Americans with bulging eyes and huge lips.","This board game is a trivia style game which tests players' knowledge of African American history. Players answer questions to receive an associates, bachelors, masters, and doctorate in black studies. The word \"funda\" comes from an African language and means to instruct.","Five various cards and Valentine's featuring caricatures of African Americans.  Most of the cards depict the individuals with over exaggerated features and stereotypes, such as one card showing an African American eating watermelon.","20 caricature and three photograph postcards of African Americans.  Most of the caricature postcards feature stereotypical cartoons and captions of African Americans.  The photographs show African Americans tilling in cotton fields and posing outside dilapidated homes.","Three stereoviews showing African Americans picking cotton in Georgia and Mississippi cotton fields and sugar cane in Peurto Rico. The views were produced by Underwood and Underwood, and the Keystone Viewing Company.","This box contains VHS tapes that are notable for the original video cases. Most of the movies are from the Blaxploitation genre, a controversial film movement. Blaxploitation films contained many common stereotypes. The black community is often portrayed as violent and drug related. However, some people believed the films were examples of black expression and power.","This film features a young man who accidently kills his brother and then becomes a preacher to seek amends.","This fFilm features gang life in Harlem, New York.","The film features two men who work in Harlem. They get sent on a wild goose chase looking for money hidden in a barrel of cotton.","The film features a Harlem private eye hired to save teenagers kidnapped by the Mafia.","This film features a Harlem drug-dealer who wants to make one last sell before quitting the cocaine business.","The film features Cleopatra Jones, drug traffickers' deadliest enemy.","The film takes Bruce Lee to the island fortress of a criminal warlord, whom Bruce Lee must overcome.","This film features Dracula's bloodbrother, Blacula.","The film features black CIA recruits from Chicago who become freedom fighters after their military training.","The fFilm features Pop Boyd, a martial arts champion who opens a studio on land that the Mafia wants to use as a headquarters.","This fFilm features two ex-Vietnam soldiers who pursue the elite drug dealing industries.","This film features a young black man who seeks revenge when he is arrested on false charges.","The f Film features black drug dealers, mobsters, and undercover cops.","In this sequel to Dolemite, Rudy Ray Moore flees to California, where he helps Queen Bee and her Kung-Fu girls battle a local gangster.","The film features a morally bankrupt man who can save his own life only if he marries the devil's ugly daughter.","The film features a man who owns a disco and declares war on the producers of Angel Dust, a drug corrupting his nephew.","This film features a man who seeks revenge on his girlfriend's killer.","This fFilm features a Detroit police sergeant who is pitted against brutal thugs.","The film features friends who are hiding from the mob and hunting a gangster boss, who rigged a karate tournament.","The fFilm features a man, just recently released from prison, who uses brains and muscles to survive in the city.","The fFilm features the Black Dragon, who teams up with kung fu dynamo Dragon Lee as they take on the Korean and Japanese mafias.","The film features a man named Blade, who is the last hope for humanity, when a bloodthirsty lord declares war on the human race.","The fFilm features a vampire slayer who fights to save humanity.","The fFilm features a gang who goes from rags to riches, and then fights a knife-wielding, car stealing leprechaun.","This film is the third in a trilogy. It features a vampire hunter who must join forces with a clan of other hunters to find and defeat Dracula.","The Great Cataract or Waterfall of Niagara in North America, This folder contains a copperplate engraving of Niagara Falls on paper. The image depicts a group of Native Americans showing Europeans the beauty of the falls. In the background, there are several Native Americans hauling large stones.","Powhatan Applesauce Label. \nThis folder contains an advertising label for apple sauce named after the famed Native American chiefdom, the Powhatan. The advertisement includes a sketch of a Native American with a colorful head band and feather in his hair.","Iron King Cook Calendar. \nThis calendar features a scene in which white settlers shot Native Americans while hiding behind a large iron king stove.","Set of 12 postcards that feature oil paintings of Native American imagery. The cards depict a variety of different scenes, including an Indian camp, a hunted buffalo, a tepee, and an Indian carrying an American flag after Custer's Last Stand. The postcards have a short description of each portrayed scene.","Set of 28 postcards featuring images of Native Americans. The postcards represent tribes from all over the country, from the Iroquois to the Hopi. Common images are war dances and dwellings such as tepees and long houses. Many of the postcards have short descriptions of the scenes on the back.","Set of 90 postcards that portray Indian life in the south western United States. Images include  young girls and boys, Indians in traditional tribal outfits, mountains, canyons, and pueblo houses.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that contains a description and multiple illustrations of Indian chiefs.  The chiefs depicted are all from Western tribes, including the Pueblos, Navajos, Apache, Sioux, and Blackfoot.  The description states that the Pueblos are the most civilized of the nations.  The illustrations include portraits of the leaders as well as scenes of the leaders in the picturesque mountains of the west.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that describes and illustrates southwestern Native American life.  The author notes that native life is \"primitive\" with little industry and machinery.  The images contain various scenes, including a mother and child standing next to cactus brush, people gathered around a tepee, a pueblo village, and men creating wampum beads.  Also depicted are images of natives performing a variety of crafts and chores.","Set of trading cards that contain negative imagery of Native Americans.  Images include Native Americans being stabbed by white settler, a Native American man drinking too much, and misrepresentations of traditional Indian outfits.","The trading cards depict imagery of Native Americans, including totem poles, war dances, and stockades.  The cards have images on one side, and a short description of the scene on the other.","Oversized trading that that have photographs and drawing of various Native American leaders.  The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.  This trading cards are housed separately due to their large size.","The trading cards have photographs and drawings of various Native American leaders. The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.","This set of 90 cards have images on one side of famous Native American leaders and of famous battles fought by various native tribes.  The backside has a short, skewed description of historical events.","This folder contains a box of bridge tally cards.  The cards have sketches of Native American people and scenery, along with the names and locations of different tribes.","The Wild West Gum cards contains 22 cards depicting colorized illustrations of Native Americans. The collection was part of a set of 24 cards manufactured by John H. Dockman and Son in the early twentieth century.","The Paragon Beef trading cards include negative images of Chinese men with long braids and stereotypical straw hats.","Series of advertising cards that promote the Chinese immigrant population in a negative way. Advertisers include Celluloid Corset Clasps, Kendall Manufacturing Company Soaps and Soapine, Henderson's Goods, and Gent's Furnishings and Fancy Goods Houses. The images depict Chinese men with long hair embarking on ships and men with over exaggerated eye features. The images often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Series of cards that depict a scene between two white boys and a Chinese man. The children pull the man's braid, snap it off, and project the Chinese man from his perch, thus solving the \"Chinese problem\". Another card shows Chinese men being bitten by a dog.","Set of cards that depict Asian Americans in negative ways.  Images include men embarking on a boat for China, a sketch of Mun Wong, and a Chinese child holding an umbrella.","This Fourth of July postcard displays racist imagery towards Asian Americans. The card portrays an Asian woman running away from a fire cracker.","This comic strip includes stereotypical images of a Chinese man who entrapped his long braid in a rail road track.","This game includes a small box of sticks. Each player is to shake the box and the first stick that pops out is the one chosen.  Each stick has a number, and the numbers correspond to a booklet that contains fortunes.","Series of two sided trading cards. One of the sides have images of aspects of Jewish life, such as lighting candles and dancing with the torah. The other sides have short bible verses and explanations of the images.","This game is an educational trivia game that features questions regarding different aspects of the Islamic Hajj. Categories include \"How to Perform Hajj,\" \"Places of Hajj,\" and \"General Questions on Hajj.\" The game is geared toward teaching children about the Muslim pilgrimage.","The postcard displays a derogatory image of a Cuban mother feeding her two small children, one of whom nurses from a goat.","Items in this folder include pamphlets instructing men on how to be good Klan members, a pamphlet regarding the Klan's attitude toward immigration, the Klan's attitude toward the Jew and other letters of propaganda.","This folder include meeting minutes from a chapter of the Klu Klux Klan in Elkton, Maryland. The folder also includes the obituary of klansmen Raymond C. Fronk.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Equal Rights Congress in a national effort to outlaw the Nazis and the Klu Klux Klan.  The folder also contains fliers promoting integration and racial tolerance.","This folder includes a manuscript by an unknown author on the subject of foreign immigration into the United States of America. The author argues that foreign populations should be restricted from coming to the United States. The manuscript also discusses the various races and ethnicities that should be restricted, including the Irish, the Jewish population, Italians, and the African and Asian races. The document concludes with a list of prohibitions that the author would impose to keep the immigrant populations from entering the country.","This booklet is published by the Order United American Mechanics, a secret fraternity composed entirely of citizens born in the US.American citizens born. The booklet argues against competition for jobs with foreign-born immigrants.","Cards with images and phrases that promote racial and religious equality.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son.","English German"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2007.80 was purchased 8/30/2007. Acc. 2007.81 was purchased 8/30/2007. Acc. 2008.32 was purchased 5/1/2008. Acc. 2008.46 was purchased 5/16/2008.   Acc. 2008.64 was purchased 6/9/2008. Acc. 2008.94 was purchased 9/10/2008. Acc. 2008.95 was purchased 9/10/20008. Acc. 2008.159 was purchased 12/19/2008. Acc. 2009.063 was purchased on 2/24/2009. Acc. 2009.036 was purchased on 1/19/2009. Acc. 2009.147 was purchased on 4/6/2009. Acc. 2009.151 was purchased on 3/30/2009. Acc. 2009.180 was purchased on 4/29/2009. Acc. 2009.181 was purchased on 4/29/2009. Acc. 2009.226 was purchased on 5/25/2009. Acc. 2009.235 was purchased on 5/31/2009. Acc. 2009.305 was purchased on 7/17/2009. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member. Acc. 2014.123-Acc. 2014.125 purchased for Swem Library with support from the SCRC Donors Fund."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["Additions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRacial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2014.194\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Acc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.","Acc. 2014.194"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIngersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRelated materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForeign publications: Rund Um Afrika, a booklet written in German by Gustav Petermann. The content details travels from Germany throughout Africa, visiting sites such as Kruger National Park, Victoria Falls, and Fort Christiansburg. The booklet contains many photographs and animals, buildings, and people. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book DT12.R86 3487058-1001.  Acc.2012.207.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree Dension's Blackface Plays. Three different play scripts to be performed by white actors wearing black face. The plays highlight the perceived stupidity and ignorance of African Americans. These items are cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37.1923, PN6120.N4.K37.1928, and PN6120.N4.K37.1931. Acc.2009.335. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA henpecked coon: darky monologue, 1923. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37 1923. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOld Doc Gags \"Funster\". Number Two: A collection of fun, fables, foolishness, farce, and fibs, 1925. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6161.O48 1925. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSongs and Spirituals of Negro Composition for Revivals and Congregational Singing. This item is a pamphlet of sheet music. The pamphlet also includes advertisements for home goods. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66. Acc.2009.324. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe shall overcome! Songs of the Southern freedom movement, 1963. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.C2.W4. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHow can we keep from singing! A contemporary songbook for liberal churches, fellowships, youth groups, and communal singing generally, 1976. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.H54.1976.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSongs and spirituals of Negro composition for revivals and congregational singing, 1921. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eModern Home Counseler. This book includes lessons, advice, and instructions on how to raise successful, happy, and obedient children. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books H83.M63. Acc. 2009.356. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Travelers Guide to Negro Monuments. This book details attractions around the United States that celebrate African Americans and their history. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books E185.53A53. Acc.2009.459. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe South Strikes Back, 1957. This booklet was written by Woodrow Boone and promotes the return of a more racially conservative society. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book PN6231.S485S68. Acc.2012.276.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Afro-American Historical Calendar, 1979. The calendar features famous African American musicians, officers, and performers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book E185.A38. Acc.2009.389. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNegroes in Our History Posters, undated. This collection of posters has a large sketch of famous African American musicians, politicians, and activists. The posters have a brief biographical sketch of each of the celebrated hero. The posters are  cataloged as Rare Book E185.96.R78 folio. Acc.2008.163. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe People Versus Segregated Schools. This 1955 pamphlet promotes integration, anti-lynching laws, and equal pay for black and white workers. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.W54 1955. Acc.2011.268. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e3 Lives for Mississippi. This 1965 book is the story of Mickey Schwerner, James Chaney and Andy Goodman, three men who were killed in Philadelphia, Mississippi by the Klu Klux Klan, while fighting racial justice and the rights of African American voters. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book F347.N4H8. Acc.2011.468. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSongs of the Southern Freedom Movement. A 1965 songbook promoting freedom, racial tolerance, and heritage. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54 1976. Acc.2009.315. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHow Can We Keep From Singing Songbook. This 1965 book entitled \"We Shall Overcome!\" was compiled by Guy and Candie Carawan for the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. The book contains songs relating to sit-ins, freedom rides, voter registration and other contentious issues. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54.1976. Acc.2011.469. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"And People All Around\" Playbill. An undated playbill for a performance written by George Sklar. The play reminds viewers on the Negro Revolution in 1964, the killings of three negro boys in Mississippi, and the civil rights march on Washington. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PS3531.E826A52. Acc.2011.268. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Communist Position on the Negro Question. This booklet contains excerpts from the major speeches in discussion of the \"Negro question\" at the plenary meeting of the National Committee of the Communist Party. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.C752 1947. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Path of Negro Liberation. Pamphlet written by Benjamin J. Davis, who argues that the Communist Party of the United States believe in the unconditional political, social, and economic equality in all aspects of American life.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.D314 1947. Acc.2011.468. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Struggle Against White Chauvinism. Booklet written by Elizabeth Lawson and published by the New York State Education Department of the Communist Party. The booklet defines chauvinism and its effect on race and gender relations within the United States. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E.185.61.2376 1949. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNext Steps in the Struggle for Negro Freedom. This booklet, written by Hugh Bradley, was a report delivered at the National Conference of the Communist Party. Bradley discussed black military involvement, fair employment, and the corruption of the American government. This item is  cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B785 1953. Acc.2011.468. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Negro People on the March. This booklet, written by Benjamin J. Davis, was a report to the National Committee of the Communist Party.  Davis states that the fight for \"Negro\" freedom is at its height and that the black race must be given economic and political equality.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.6.D38 1956. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Why Join,\" The John Birch Society. This pamphlet promotes and describes the John Birch Society. The Society believes in small government and writes that most of the historic happenings within the Civil Rights Movement were Communist conspiracies. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E740.J6W45.1968. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBusing and the Democratic Struggle in Boston. This booklet was published by the Proletarian Unity League, a Communist organization dedicated to creating a strong Communist Party. They believe that white opportunism in the fundamental threat to the construction of a Revolutionary party. The booklet mostly focuses on the integration of public transportation. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book LC214.53.B67P76 1975. Acc.2011.467. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFreedom is Everybody's Job: \" The Crime of the Government Against the Negro People, 1949. This pamphlet, written by George W. Crockett, Jr., was a summation in the trail of the 11 Communist leaders.  The pamphlet argues that the Communist Party has the right to free speech and therefore cannot be outlawed.  Crockett argues that the Communist support for Civil Rights is a reason why the Communist Party is ridiculed. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HX87.C7.1949b. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe CIO and the Negro Worker, 1942. This pamphlet argues against discrimination in the workplace.  The CIO fights for equal employment of all people, races, and religions. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.8.C56 1942. Acc.2011.467. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Out of the Jungle\", 1943. The Packinghouse Workers Fight for Justice and Equality. This book is a pictorial history of the Packinghouse Workers Union, which fought for racial justice, fair pay, and equality in the meat packing industry. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD6515.P14073. Acc.2011.268\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRoll the Union On, 1987. This book is a pictorial history of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union, told by its co-founder H.L. Mitchell. The Union fought for the end of lynching, a safe workplace, and equal rights for African American and white workers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD1511.U5M573 1987. Acc.2011.467\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlaxploitation Cinema Pressbooks and Posters, 1968-1976. Currently unprocessed material. 2014.194 and oversize material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndian Legends, 1994. This book includes old Native American stories and tales. Each story is also illustrated in black and white or color. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E98.F6I33.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The Klan Today\". This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Books HS2330.K63.K58\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Aryan Views: White Folk News. \"The Attitude of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan\" pamphlets. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.A13. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"The Kourier,\" a booklet of the Klan's version of the History of the United States and the Klan's opinions on \"un-American\" activities such as communism and parochial schools, and the Aryan Views and White Folk News Paper, also promoting racial intolerance. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.K69 v.11 no. 8, July 1935 copy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOld Doc Gags, \"Funster\" Number Two:: A Collection of Fun, Fables, Foolishness, Farce and Fibs. Copyright 1925 by Charles H. Ubert. The joke book includes anti-immigration and anti-Semitic content. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PN616.O48 1925.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Ingersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2","Related materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. ","See also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.","For similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.","Foreign publications: Rund Um Afrika, a booklet written in German by Gustav Petermann. The content details travels from Germany throughout Africa, visiting sites such as Kruger National Park, Victoria Falls, and Fort Christiansburg. The booklet contains many photographs and animals, buildings, and people. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book DT12.R86 3487058-1001.  Acc.2012.207.","Three Dension's Blackface Plays. Three different play scripts to be performed by white actors wearing black face. The plays highlight the perceived stupidity and ignorance of African Americans. These items are cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37.1923, PN6120.N4.K37.1928, and PN6120.N4.K37.1931. Acc.2009.335. ","A henpecked coon: darky monologue, 1923. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6120.N4.K37 1923. ","Old Doc Gags \"Funster\". Number Two: A collection of fun, fables, foolishness, farce, and fibs, 1925. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as PN6161.O48 1925. ","Songs and Spirituals of Negro Composition for Revivals and Congregational Singing. This item is a pamphlet of sheet music. The pamphlet also includes advertisements for home goods. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66. Acc.2009.324. ","We shall overcome! Songs of the Southern freedom movement, 1963. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.C2.W4. ","How can we keep from singing! A contemporary songbook for liberal churches, fellowships, youth groups, and communal singing generally, 1976. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1629.H54.1976.","Songs and spirituals of Negro composition for revivals and congregational singing, 1921. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books M1670.S66.","Modern Home Counseler. This book includes lessons, advice, and instructions on how to raise successful, happy, and obedient children. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books H83.M63. Acc. 2009.356. ","American Travelers Guide to Negro Monuments. This book details attractions around the United States that celebrate African Americans and their history. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books E185.53A53. Acc.2009.459. ","The South Strikes Back, 1957. This booklet was written by Woodrow Boone and promotes the return of a more racially conservative society. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book PN6231.S485S68. Acc.2012.276.","The Afro-American Historical Calendar, 1979. The calendar features famous African American musicians, officers, and performers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Book E185.A38. Acc.2009.389. ","Negroes in Our History Posters, undated. This collection of posters has a large sketch of famous African American musicians, politicians, and activists. The posters have a brief biographical sketch of each of the celebrated hero. The posters are  cataloged as Rare Book E185.96.R78 folio. Acc.2008.163. ","The People Versus Segregated Schools. This 1955 pamphlet promotes integration, anti-lynching laws, and equal pay for black and white workers. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.W54 1955. Acc.2011.268. ","3 Lives for Mississippi. This 1965 book is the story of Mickey Schwerner, James Chaney and Andy Goodman, three men who were killed in Philadelphia, Mississippi by the Klu Klux Klan, while fighting racial justice and the rights of African American voters. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book F347.N4H8. Acc.2011.468. ","Songs of the Southern Freedom Movement. A 1965 songbook promoting freedom, racial tolerance, and heritage. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54 1976. Acc.2009.315. ","How Can We Keep From Singing Songbook. This 1965 book entitled \"We Shall Overcome!\" was compiled by Guy and Candie Carawan for the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee. The book contains songs relating to sit-ins, freedom rides, voter registration and other contentious issues. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book M1629.H54.1976. Acc.2011.469. ","\"And People All Around\" Playbill. An undated playbill for a performance written by George Sklar. The play reminds viewers on the Negro Revolution in 1964, the killings of three negro boys in Mississippi, and the civil rights march on Washington. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PS3531.E826A52. Acc.2011.268. ","The Communist Position on the Negro Question. This booklet contains excerpts from the major speeches in discussion of the \"Negro question\" at the plenary meeting of the National Committee of the Communist Party. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.C752 1947. Acc.2011.467. ","The Path of Negro Liberation. Pamphlet written by Benjamin J. Davis, who argues that the Communist Party of the United States believe in the unconditional political, social, and economic equality in all aspects of American life.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.D314 1947. Acc.2011.468. ","The Struggle Against White Chauvinism. Booklet written by Elizabeth Lawson and published by the New York State Education Department of the Communist Party. The booklet defines chauvinism and its effect on race and gender relations within the United States. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E.185.61.2376 1949. Acc.2011.467. ","Next Steps in the Struggle for Negro Freedom. This booklet, written by Hugh Bradley, was a report delivered at the National Conference of the Communist Party. Bradley discussed black military involvement, fair employment, and the corruption of the American government. This item is  cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B785 1953. Acc.2011.468. ","The Negro People on the March. This booklet, written by Benjamin J. Davis, was a report to the National Committee of the Communist Party.  Davis states that the fight for \"Negro\" freedom is at its height and that the black race must be given economic and political equality.  This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.6.D38 1956. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Why Join,\" The John Birch Society. This pamphlet promotes and describes the John Birch Society. The Society believes in small government and writes that most of the historic happenings within the Civil Rights Movement were Communist conspiracies. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E740.J6W45.1968. Acc.2011.467. ","Busing and the Democratic Struggle in Boston. This booklet was published by the Proletarian Unity League, a Communist organization dedicated to creating a strong Communist Party. They believe that white opportunism in the fundamental threat to the construction of a Revolutionary party. The booklet mostly focuses on the integration of public transportation. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book LC214.53.B67P76 1975. Acc.2011.467. Acc.2011.467. ","Freedom is Everybody's Job: \" The Crime of the Government Against the Negro People, 1949. This pamphlet, written by George W. Crockett, Jr., was a summation in the trail of the 11 Communist leaders.  The pamphlet argues that the Communist Party has the right to free speech and therefore cannot be outlawed.  Crockett argues that the Communist support for Civil Rights is a reason why the Communist Party is ridiculed. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HX87.C7.1949b. ","The CIO and the Negro Worker, 1942. This pamphlet argues against discrimination in the workplace.  The CIO fights for equal employment of all people, races, and religions. This item is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.8.C56 1942. Acc.2011.467. ","\"Out of the Jungle\", 1943. The Packinghouse Workers Fight for Justice and Equality. This book is a pictorial history of the Packinghouse Workers Union, which fought for racial justice, fair pay, and equality in the meat packing industry. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD6515.P14073. Acc.2011.268","Roll the Union On, 1987. This book is a pictorial history of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union, told by its co-founder H.L. Mitchell. The Union fought for the end of lynching, a safe workplace, and equal rights for African American and white workers. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book HD1511.U5M573 1987. Acc.2011.467","Blaxploitation Cinema Pressbooks and Posters, 1968-1976. Currently unprocessed material. 2014.194 and oversize material.","Indian Legends, 1994. This book includes old Native American stories and tales. Each story is also illustrated in black and white or color. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E98.F6I33.","\"The Klan Today\". This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Books HS2330.K63.K58","The Aryan Views: White Folk News. \"The Attitude of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan\" pamphlets. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.A13. ","\"The Kourier,\" a booklet of the Klan's version of the History of the United States and the Klan's opinions on \"un-American\" activities such as communism and parochial schools, and the Aryan Views and White Folk News Paper, also promoting racial intolerance. This item is catalogued in the Swem Library online catalog Rare Books as HS2330.K6.K69 v.11 no. 8, July 1935 copy.","Old Doc Gags, \"Funster\" Number Two:: A Collection of Fun, Fables, Foolishness, Farce and Fibs. Copyright 1925 by Charles H. Ubert. The joke book includes anti-immigration and anti-Semitic content. This item is cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book PN616.O48 1925."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are published items like travel guides, joke books, song books, story books, programs and handbills, comic strips, a yearbook, election fliers, political publications, pamphlets and calendars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFolder contains three envelopes: Union patriotic envelope depicting a black man picking cotton, titled \"One of the Rebels\", (Acc.2014.123), Union patriotic envelope of a slave dressed as the \"King of the South,\" (Acc. 2014.124), Union patriotic envelope with a map of the south (Acc. 2014.125).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA booklet of twenty minor dramas, extravaganzas, and farces for the amateur stage.  The plays contain stereotypical typecasting of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA story book entitled \"The Ten Little Niggers,\" with stereotypical illustrations. The layout of the book is similar to that of \"Ten Little Indians.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis songbook features stereotypical illustrations of African Americans including pompous dresses and large lips.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis joke book features jokes that promote racism and a negative view of African Americans.  The jokes are also anti-immigration and misogynistic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook dates from the late 1800's.  The pictures in the book vary, from paintings of flowers to advertising cards for household items.  One page in the book features several stereotypical images of African Americans.  Pictures of monkeys are also placed on this page, therefore stating that they are one in the same.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertising trade cards that contain stereotypically racist images of African Americans. The cards are for a clothier. The folder also contains an advertisement for Jos. J. Foley, Tailor, Boston MA, which has a November 1908 calendar alongside an illustration of African American children swinging and climbing trees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains multiple advertising cards. The items advertised include soaps, clothing, and household goods. The cards contain stereotypical images of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains advertising cards that depict African Americans in a negative light.  Common features are large lips and flouncy outfits.  The sketches on the cards often have little to do with the product being advertised.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStereotypical black representations on three advertising trade cards. The cards for pancake batter and clothes depict African Americans with large eyes and mouths along with other stereotypical features.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertising cards for a clothier.  The cards depict an African American man trying to command and then falling off a horse-drawn wagon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertisement card for Old Virginia Cheroots from the American Tobacco Company.  The advertisement has a sketch of an African American man.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdvertising label for Old Black Joe's blackeyed peas, showing a black man with a white beard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSketch for \"The Connoisseurs\", a popular advertising image for Cream of Wheat. The painting features a black man in a chef's hat, teaching a child about the taste and health benefits of cream of wheat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrint of the painting by Edward V. Brewer entitled \"The Connoisseurs\" for the Cream of Wheat Company. The painting features an African American man in a chef costume tasting Cream of Wheat along with an African American boy in an apron and chef hat. Oversize item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive cards that have negative, stereotypical images of African Americans. Images include a black woman being compared to a donkey and young men playing craps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 22 racist postcards. Features include large lips and big eyes. Images also include depictions of African Americans stealing goods. Other cards include cartooned drawings of African Americans in flouncy clothing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 42 cards with racist imagery. Images include cartooned sketches of African Americans with big eyes and over exaggerated lips. Images depict African Americans as lazy and inept. They are shown stealing chickens, eating watermelon, and improperly serving white people.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA postcard with an image of an African American boy with a large mouth, kneeling next to two watermelons\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of eight postcards that have negative, stereotypical sketches of African Americans. Images include women with large behinds, boys eating watermelon, and men with large lips.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains five racist postcards. They contain images including boys eating watermelon and a cartooned black man stealing a chicken.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of three postcards and a pamphlet entitled \"Fun on the Run.\" The \"Fun on the Run\" pamphlet includes several racist and sexist caricatures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePostcard containing an image of a cartooned black man and woman. The man has large lips and torn clothing. The woman's features are exaggerated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis souvenir features common images of African Americans in the south, including picking cotton, eating watermelon, and playing the fiddle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains three Happy Birthday and one Christmas card. The cards contain cartooned sketches of African Americans, with factors such as large lips and big eyes. One happy birthday card has a sketch of three black women riding in a large watermelon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains numerous happy birthday cards featuring cartooned sketches of African American girls. The girls' features include large eyes and curly hair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCards that promote the seven principles of Kwanzaa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublications from the Jim Crow era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a book of rag-time melodies, which includes advertisements, sheet music, and lyrics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis item is the yearbook of the African American high school in Essex County, Virginia. The yearbook includes photographs, poems, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis travel guide of \"negro\" hotels was published by Afro-American Newspapers. The guide includes a map of the East Coast and advertisements from multiple hotels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo advertisements promoting performances by African American musicians and artists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains an item promoting the Lost Cause ideology, which conveys nostalgia for the Confederacy prior to the Civil War. Confederate norms are presented in the best possible light. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNatchez Pilgrimage Brochure, 1955 March 31, invites people to celebrate the Old South by touring Antebellum mansions in Natchez, Mississippi. The brochure contains multiple photographs and descriptions of the old Antebellum mansion. (Acc.2012.278)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains publications celebrating the accomplishments and contributions of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe booklet describes the history and curricula of Hampton Institute, now Hampton University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe multiple brochures feature African American jubilee singers and performers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis brochure is for the Negro History Society of the Hampton Institute and their presentation of singer Dorothy Maynor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis calendar features the stories of famous African American inventors, politicians, and scholars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis flyer promotes the election of Arthur H. Vandenberg as senator of Michigan. It states that Vandenberg promises to outlaw the poll tax and favors an anti-lynching law. Vandenberg promises to support African American causes if elected.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese comic strips  promote racial tolerance. One comic entitled \"Stand Up For Sportsmanship,\" features Batman stopping a fight between two boys, one white and one black. When Batman asks what happened, he discovers they're fighting because the white boy doesn't want the black boy to play with them because \"he don't belong, he ain't a real American.\" Batman responds with a lesson about racial tolerance, saying \"don't believe the crackpot lies about people who worship differently, or whose skin is of a different color, or whose parents come from another country... a nation divided by prejudice is like a football team without teamwork.\" The next one, featuring Batman, teaches the reader that a country divided by racial prejudice is the same as a football team without teamwork. The next comic encourages a baseball team to be accepting of players of different ethnicity. The last comic, featuring superman, promotes both racial and religious tolerance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReprint of an article from the American Legion magazine concerns the buying of Negro votes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a pamphlet published by the Independent Socialist Club promoting the black power movement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis pamphlet entitled \"Here's Proof of the Red Pro-Negro Plot Against South \u0026amp; USA.\" argues that communist are trying to stir up trouble between white and black races, promoting racial mixing, and eventually want to control America. Pamphlet includes a map of the south, which it states Communist want to turn into a Negro Communist Soviet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis flyier shows a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr. and other Civil Rights leaders at a supposed Communist training school. The flier states that these leaders have brought tension, disturbance, and violence while trying to promote these Communist ideals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis booklet was published by Robert Welch. He argues that the \"negro\" population is much better off than populations around the globe. He also states that the population has made great strides in the last hundred years. Welch believes that the Communists are trying to turn black people against white people in America.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis pamphlet was printed by the Communist Party of Cleveland.  The pamphlet states that black and white people work side and side, and therefore black and white children should be able to learn and live with each other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA pamphlet from the Communist Party of California.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn editorial from the Monroe, La. Morning World, concerns the author's fears that the United Nations is secretly a Communist plot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA flyer created by the Bay Area Revoluntionary Union concerning streets that are still occupied by the National Guard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA pamphlet subtitled \"a voice and vote for every member in the UAW-CIO regardless of race, color or creed.\" The pamphlet states that whites and \"negroes\" are all members of the same family and should be employed to the same end. The UAW-CIO promotes the hiring of \"negroes\" in all fields.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Labor Education Fund pamphlet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis pamphlet by Angelo Herndon describes the hardship of working in a southern mining town. Herndon describes how he fought the system and promoted fair pay to working class citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe themes of these games range from satirizing to celebrating the progress and intellect of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e52 playing cards from the game \"In Dixie-Land\". Copyrighted 1896, L.D. Baldwin, by The Fireside Game Co.  The instructions are missing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a set of playing cards.  The cards have a sketch and a brief biological summary of influential African American inventors, politicians, musicians, and activists. Rules for the game are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis board game is a racially based Monopoly style game. White players are allowed to buy properties throughout the board while black players are restricted to center areas. The game exemplifies the difficulties of living in a racially segregated housing market. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B5 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe game, which portrays public welfare and its recipients in a negative light, caused immediate controversy upon its publication. It was also perceived as racist and sexist and government agencies appealed to retailers to pull it off the shelves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game is a quiz and trivia style game. The game tests players' knowledge of black athletes, musicians, and activists. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.96.F67 1988\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis board game tests players' knowledge of African American achievement in history, patents, inventions, sports, and entertainment. There is also a category of questions titled black awareness. Players answer questions to move along on a board, through the struggles of slavery and Jim Crow, eventually arriving back in Africa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game is a game of dice where players role to turn over face cards number one through twelve. The cards and box feature racist imagery, including African Americans with bulging eyes and huge lips.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis board game is a trivia style game which tests players' knowledge of African American history. Players answer questions to receive an associates, bachelors, masters, and doctorate in black studies. The word \"funda\" comes from an African language and means to instruct.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive various cards and Valentine's featuring caricatures of African Americans.  Most of the cards depict the individuals with over exaggerated features and stereotypes, such as one card showing an African American eating watermelon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e20 caricature and three photograph postcards of African Americans.  Most of the caricature postcards feature stereotypical cartoons and captions of African Americans.  The photographs show African Americans tilling in cotton fields and posing outside dilapidated homes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree stereoviews showing African Americans picking cotton in Georgia and Mississippi cotton fields and sugar cane in Peurto Rico. The views were produced by Underwood and Underwood, and the Keystone Viewing Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains VHS tapes that are notable for the original video cases. Most of the movies are from the Blaxploitation genre, a controversial film movement. Blaxploitation films contained many common stereotypes. The black community is often portrayed as violent and drug related. However, some people believed the films were examples of black expression and power.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a young man who accidently kills his brother and then becomes a preacher to seek amends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFilm features gang life in Harlem, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features two men who work in Harlem. They get sent on a wild goose chase looking for money hidden in a barrel of cotton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a Harlem private eye hired to save teenagers kidnapped by the Mafia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a Harlem drug-dealer who wants to make one last sell before quitting the cocaine business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features Cleopatra Jones, drug traffickers' deadliest enemy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film takes Bruce Lee to the island fortress of a criminal warlord, whom Bruce Lee must overcome.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features Dracula's bloodbrother, Blacula.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features black CIA recruits from Chicago who become freedom fighters after their military training.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features Pop Boyd, a martial arts champion who opens a studio on land that the Mafia wants to use as a headquarters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFilm features two ex-Vietnam soldiers who pursue the elite drug dealing industries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a young black man who seeks revenge when he is arrested on false charges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe f Film features black drug dealers, mobsters, and undercover cops.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this sequel to Dolemite, Rudy Ray Moore flees to California, where he helps Queen Bee and her Kung-Fu girls battle a local gangster.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a morally bankrupt man who can save his own life only if he marries the devil's ugly daughter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a man who owns a disco and declares war on the producers of Angel Dust, a drug corrupting his nephew.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film features a man who seeks revenge on his girlfriend's killer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis fFilm features a Detroit police sergeant who is pitted against brutal thugs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features friends who are hiding from the mob and hunting a gangster boss, who rigged a karate tournament.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features a man, just recently released from prison, who uses brains and muscles to survive in the city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features the Black Dragon, who teams up with kung fu dynamo Dragon Lee as they take on the Korean and Japanese mafias.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe film features a man named Blade, who is the last hope for humanity, when a bloodthirsty lord declares war on the human race.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features a vampire slayer who fights to save humanity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fFilm features a gang who goes from rags to riches, and then fights a knife-wielding, car stealing leprechaun.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis film is the third in a trilogy. It features a vampire hunter who must join forces with a clan of other hunters to find and defeat Dracula.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Great Cataract or Waterfall of Niagara in North America, This folder contains a copperplate engraving of Niagara Falls on paper. The image depicts a group of Native Americans showing Europeans the beauty of the falls. In the background, there are several Native Americans hauling large stones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowhatan Applesauce Label. \nThis folder contains an advertising label for apple sauce named after the famed Native American chiefdom, the Powhatan. The advertisement includes a sketch of a Native American with a colorful head band and feather in his hair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIron King Cook Calendar. \nThis calendar features a scene in which white settlers shot Native Americans while hiding behind a large iron king stove.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 12 postcards that feature oil paintings of Native American imagery. The cards depict a variety of different scenes, including an Indian camp, a hunted buffalo, a tepee, and an Indian carrying an American flag after Custer's Last Stand. The postcards have a short description of each portrayed scene.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 28 postcards featuring images of Native Americans. The postcards represent tribes from all over the country, from the Iroquois to the Hopi. Common images are war dances and dwellings such as tepees and long houses. Many of the postcards have short descriptions of the scenes on the back.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of 90 postcards that portray Indian life in the south western United States. Images include  young girls and boys, Indians in traditional tribal outfits, mountains, canyons, and pueblo houses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a souvenir folder that contains a description and multiple illustrations of Indian chiefs.  The chiefs depicted are all from Western tribes, including the Pueblos, Navajos, Apache, Sioux, and Blackfoot.  The description states that the Pueblos are the most civilized of the nations.  The illustrations include portraits of the leaders as well as scenes of the leaders in the picturesque mountains of the west.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a souvenir folder that describes and illustrates southwestern Native American life.  The author notes that native life is \"primitive\" with little industry and machinery.  The images contain various scenes, including a mother and child standing next to cactus brush, people gathered around a tepee, a pueblo village, and men creating wampum beads.  Also depicted are images of natives performing a variety of crafts and chores.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of trading cards that contain negative imagery of Native Americans.  Images include Native Americans being stabbed by white settler, a Native American man drinking too much, and misrepresentations of traditional Indian outfits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe trading cards depict imagery of Native Americans, including totem poles, war dances, and stockades.  The cards have images on one side, and a short description of the scene on the other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversized trading that that have photographs and drawing of various Native American leaders.  The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.  This trading cards are housed separately due to their large size.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe trading cards have photographs and drawings of various Native American leaders. The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis set of 90 cards have images on one side of famous Native American leaders and of famous battles fought by various native tribes.  The backside has a short, skewed description of historical events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a box of bridge tally cards.  The cards have sketches of Native American people and scenery, along with the names and locations of different tribes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Wild West Gum cards contains 22 cards depicting colorized illustrations of Native Americans. The collection was part of a set of 24 cards manufactured by John H. Dockman and Son in the early twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Paragon Beef trading cards include negative images of Chinese men with long braids and stereotypical straw hats.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries of advertising cards that promote the Chinese immigrant population in a negative way. Advertisers include Celluloid Corset Clasps, Kendall Manufacturing Company Soaps and Soapine, Henderson's Goods, and Gent's Furnishings and Fancy Goods Houses. The images depict Chinese men with long hair embarking on ships and men with over exaggerated eye features. The images often have little to do with the product being advertised.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries of cards that depict a scene between two white boys and a Chinese man. The children pull the man's braid, snap it off, and project the Chinese man from his perch, thus solving the \"Chinese problem\". Another card shows Chinese men being bitten by a dog.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet of cards that depict Asian Americans in negative ways.  Images include men embarking on a boat for China, a sketch of Mun Wong, and a Chinese child holding an umbrella.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis Fourth of July postcard displays racist imagery towards Asian Americans. The card portrays an Asian woman running away from a fire cracker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis comic strip includes stereotypical images of a Chinese man who entrapped his long braid in a rail road track.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game includes a small box of sticks. Each player is to shake the box and the first stick that pops out is the one chosen.  Each stick has a number, and the numbers correspond to a booklet that contains fortunes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries of two sided trading cards. One of the sides have images of aspects of Jewish life, such as lighting candles and dancing with the torah. The other sides have short bible verses and explanations of the images.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis game is an educational trivia game that features questions regarding different aspects of the Islamic Hajj. Categories include \"How to Perform Hajj,\" \"Places of Hajj,\" and \"General Questions on Hajj.\" The game is geared toward teaching children about the Muslim pilgrimage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe postcard displays a derogatory image of a Cuban mother feeding her two small children, one of whom nurses from a goat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItems in this folder include pamphlets instructing men on how to be good Klan members, a pamphlet regarding the Klan's attitude toward immigration, the Klan's attitude toward the Jew and other letters of propaganda.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder include meeting minutes from a chapter of the Klu Klux Klan in Elkton, Maryland. The folder also includes the obituary of klansmen Raymond C. Fronk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a pamphlet published by the Equal Rights Congress in a national effort to outlaw the Nazis and the Klu Klux Klan.  The folder also contains fliers promoting integration and racial tolerance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a manuscript by an unknown author on the subject of foreign immigration into the United States of America. The author argues that foreign populations should be restricted from coming to the United States. The manuscript also discusses the various races and ethnicities that should be restricted, including the Irish, the Jewish population, Italians, and the African and Asian races. The document concludes with a list of prohibitions that the author would impose to keep the immigrant populations from entering the country.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis booklet is published by the Order United American Mechanics, a secret fraternity composed entirely of citizens born in the US.American citizens born. The booklet argues against competition for jobs with foreign-born immigrants.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCards with images and phrases that promote racial and religious equality.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.","Included are published items like travel guides, joke books, song books, story books, programs and handbills, comic strips, a yearbook, election fliers, political publications, pamphlets and calendars.","This fFolder contains three envelopes: Union patriotic envelope depicting a black man picking cotton, titled \"One of the Rebels\", (Acc.2014.123), Union patriotic envelope of a slave dressed as the \"King of the South,\" (Acc. 2014.124), Union patriotic envelope with a map of the south (Acc. 2014.125).","A booklet of twenty minor dramas, extravaganzas, and farces for the amateur stage.  The plays contain stereotypical typecasting of African Americans.","A story book entitled \"The Ten Little Niggers,\" with stereotypical illustrations. The layout of the book is similar to that of \"Ten Little Indians.\"","This songbook features stereotypical illustrations of African Americans including pompous dresses and large lips.","This joke book features jokes that promote racism and a negative view of African Americans.  The jokes are also anti-immigration and misogynistic.","The scrapbook dates from the late 1800's.  The pictures in the book vary, from paintings of flowers to advertising cards for household items.  One page in the book features several stereotypical images of African Americans.  Pictures of monkeys are also placed on this page, therefore stating that they are one in the same.","Advertising trade cards that contain stereotypically racist images of African Americans. The cards are for a clothier. The folder also contains an advertisement for Jos. J. Foley, Tailor, Boston MA, which has a November 1908 calendar alongside an illustration of African American children swinging and climbing trees.","This folder contains multiple advertising cards. The items advertised include soaps, clothing, and household goods. The cards contain stereotypical images of African Americans.","This folder contains advertising cards that depict African Americans in a negative light.  Common features are large lips and flouncy outfits.  The sketches on the cards often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Stereotypical black representations on three advertising trade cards. The cards for pancake batter and clothes depict African Americans with large eyes and mouths along with other stereotypical features.","Advertising cards for a clothier.  The cards depict an African American man trying to command and then falling off a horse-drawn wagon.","Advertisement card for Old Virginia Cheroots from the American Tobacco Company.  The advertisement has a sketch of an African American man.","Advertising label for Old Black Joe's blackeyed peas, showing a black man with a white beard.","Sketch for \"The Connoisseurs\", a popular advertising image for Cream of Wheat. The painting features a black man in a chef's hat, teaching a child about the taste and health benefits of cream of wheat.","Print of the painting by Edward V. Brewer entitled \"The Connoisseurs\" for the Cream of Wheat Company. The painting features an African American man in a chef costume tasting Cream of Wheat along with an African American boy in an apron and chef hat. Oversize item.","Five cards that have negative, stereotypical images of African Americans. Images include a black woman being compared to a donkey and young men playing craps.","Set of 22 racist postcards. Features include large lips and big eyes. Images also include depictions of African Americans stealing goods. Other cards include cartooned drawings of African Americans in flouncy clothing.","Set of 42 cards with racist imagery. Images include cartooned sketches of African Americans with big eyes and over exaggerated lips. Images depict African Americans as lazy and inept. They are shown stealing chickens, eating watermelon, and improperly serving white people.","A postcard with an image of an African American boy with a large mouth, kneeling next to two watermelons","Set of eight postcards that have negative, stereotypical sketches of African Americans. Images include women with large behinds, boys eating watermelon, and men with large lips.","This folder contains five racist postcards. They contain images including boys eating watermelon and a cartooned black man stealing a chicken.","Set of three postcards and a pamphlet entitled \"Fun on the Run.\" The \"Fun on the Run\" pamphlet includes several racist and sexist caricatures.","Postcard containing an image of a cartooned black man and woman. The man has large lips and torn clothing. The woman's features are exaggerated.","This souvenir features common images of African Americans in the south, including picking cotton, eating watermelon, and playing the fiddle.","This folder contains three Happy Birthday and one Christmas card. The cards contain cartooned sketches of African Americans, with factors such as large lips and big eyes. One happy birthday card has a sketch of three black women riding in a large watermelon.","This folder contains numerous happy birthday cards featuring cartooned sketches of African American girls. The girls' features include large eyes and curly hair.","Cards that promote the seven principles of Kwanzaa.","Publications from the Jim Crow era.","This is a book of rag-time melodies, which includes advertisements, sheet music, and lyrics.","This item is the yearbook of the African American high school in Essex County, Virginia. The yearbook includes photographs, poems, and advertisements.","This travel guide of \"negro\" hotels was published by Afro-American Newspapers. The guide includes a map of the East Coast and advertisements from multiple hotels.","Two advertisements promoting performances by African American musicians and artists.","The folder contains an item promoting the Lost Cause ideology, which conveys nostalgia for the Confederacy prior to the Civil War. Confederate norms are presented in the best possible light. ","Natchez Pilgrimage Brochure, 1955 March 31, invites people to celebrate the Old South by touring Antebellum mansions in Natchez, Mississippi. The brochure contains multiple photographs and descriptions of the old Antebellum mansion. (Acc.2012.278)","This folder contains publications celebrating the accomplishments and contributions of African Americans.","The booklet describes the history and curricula of Hampton Institute, now Hampton University.","The multiple brochures feature African American jubilee singers and performers.","This brochure is for the Negro History Society of the Hampton Institute and their presentation of singer Dorothy Maynor.","This calendar features the stories of famous African American inventors, politicians, and scholars.","This flyer promotes the election of Arthur H. Vandenberg as senator of Michigan. It states that Vandenberg promises to outlaw the poll tax and favors an anti-lynching law. Vandenberg promises to support African American causes if elected.","These comic strips  promote racial tolerance. One comic entitled \"Stand Up For Sportsmanship,\" features Batman stopping a fight between two boys, one white and one black. When Batman asks what happened, he discovers they're fighting because the white boy doesn't want the black boy to play with them because \"he don't belong, he ain't a real American.\" Batman responds with a lesson about racial tolerance, saying \"don't believe the crackpot lies about people who worship differently, or whose skin is of a different color, or whose parents come from another country... a nation divided by prejudice is like a football team without teamwork.\" The next one, featuring Batman, teaches the reader that a country divided by racial prejudice is the same as a football team without teamwork. The next comic encourages a baseball team to be accepting of players of different ethnicity. The last comic, featuring superman, promotes both racial and religious tolerance.","Reprint of an article from the American Legion magazine concerns the buying of Negro votes.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Independent Socialist Club promoting the black power movement.","This pamphlet entitled \"Here's Proof of the Red Pro-Negro Plot Against South \u0026 USA.\" argues that communist are trying to stir up trouble between white and black races, promoting racial mixing, and eventually want to control America. Pamphlet includes a map of the south, which it states Communist want to turn into a Negro Communist Soviet.","This flyier shows a picture of Martin Luther King, Jr. and other Civil Rights leaders at a supposed Communist training school. The flier states that these leaders have brought tension, disturbance, and violence while trying to promote these Communist ideals.","This booklet was published by Robert Welch. He argues that the \"negro\" population is much better off than populations around the globe. He also states that the population has made great strides in the last hundred years. Welch believes that the Communists are trying to turn black people against white people in America.","This pamphlet was printed by the Communist Party of Cleveland.  The pamphlet states that black and white people work side and side, and therefore black and white children should be able to learn and live with each other.","A pamphlet from the Communist Party of California.","An editorial from the Monroe, La. Morning World, concerns the author's fears that the United Nations is secretly a Communist plot.","A flyer created by the Bay Area Revoluntionary Union concerning streets that are still occupied by the National Guard.","A pamphlet subtitled \"a voice and vote for every member in the UAW-CIO regardless of race, color or creed.\" The pamphlet states that whites and \"negroes\" are all members of the same family and should be employed to the same end. The UAW-CIO promotes the hiring of \"negroes\" in all fields.","A Labor Education Fund pamphlet.","This pamphlet by Angelo Herndon describes the hardship of working in a southern mining town. Herndon describes how he fought the system and promoted fair pay to working class citizens.","The themes of these games range from satirizing to celebrating the progress and intellect of African Americans.","52 playing cards from the game \"In Dixie-Land\". Copyrighted 1896, L.D. Baldwin, by The Fireside Game Co.  The instructions are missing.","This folder contains a set of playing cards.  The cards have a sketch and a brief biological summary of influential African American inventors, politicians, musicians, and activists. Rules for the game are included.","This board game is a racially based Monopoly style game. White players are allowed to buy properties throughout the board while black players are restricted to center areas. The game exemplifies the difficulties of living in a racially segregated housing market. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.61.B5 1970.","The game, which portrays public welfare and its recipients in a negative light, caused immediate controversy upon its publication. It was also perceived as racist and sexist and government agencies appealed to retailers to pull it off the shelves.","This game is a quiz and trivia style game. The game tests players' knowledge of black athletes, musicians, and activists. The game is also cataloged in the Swem Library online catalog as Rare Book E185.96.F67 1988","This board game tests players' knowledge of African American achievement in history, patents, inventions, sports, and entertainment. There is also a category of questions titled black awareness. Players answer questions to move along on a board, through the struggles of slavery and Jim Crow, eventually arriving back in Africa.","This game is a game of dice where players role to turn over face cards number one through twelve. The cards and box feature racist imagery, including African Americans with bulging eyes and huge lips.","This board game is a trivia style game which tests players' knowledge of African American history. Players answer questions to receive an associates, bachelors, masters, and doctorate in black studies. The word \"funda\" comes from an African language and means to instruct.","Five various cards and Valentine's featuring caricatures of African Americans.  Most of the cards depict the individuals with over exaggerated features and stereotypes, such as one card showing an African American eating watermelon.","20 caricature and three photograph postcards of African Americans.  Most of the caricature postcards feature stereotypical cartoons and captions of African Americans.  The photographs show African Americans tilling in cotton fields and posing outside dilapidated homes.","Three stereoviews showing African Americans picking cotton in Georgia and Mississippi cotton fields and sugar cane in Peurto Rico. The views were produced by Underwood and Underwood, and the Keystone Viewing Company.","This box contains VHS tapes that are notable for the original video cases. Most of the movies are from the Blaxploitation genre, a controversial film movement. Blaxploitation films contained many common stereotypes. The black community is often portrayed as violent and drug related. However, some people believed the films were examples of black expression and power.","This film features a young man who accidently kills his brother and then becomes a preacher to seek amends.","This fFilm features gang life in Harlem, New York.","The film features two men who work in Harlem. They get sent on a wild goose chase looking for money hidden in a barrel of cotton.","The film features a Harlem private eye hired to save teenagers kidnapped by the Mafia.","This film features a Harlem drug-dealer who wants to make one last sell before quitting the cocaine business.","The film features Cleopatra Jones, drug traffickers' deadliest enemy.","The film takes Bruce Lee to the island fortress of a criminal warlord, whom Bruce Lee must overcome.","This film features Dracula's bloodbrother, Blacula.","The film features black CIA recruits from Chicago who become freedom fighters after their military training.","The fFilm features Pop Boyd, a martial arts champion who opens a studio on land that the Mafia wants to use as a headquarters.","This fFilm features two ex-Vietnam soldiers who pursue the elite drug dealing industries.","This film features a young black man who seeks revenge when he is arrested on false charges.","The f Film features black drug dealers, mobsters, and undercover cops.","In this sequel to Dolemite, Rudy Ray Moore flees to California, where he helps Queen Bee and her Kung-Fu girls battle a local gangster.","The film features a morally bankrupt man who can save his own life only if he marries the devil's ugly daughter.","The film features a man who owns a disco and declares war on the producers of Angel Dust, a drug corrupting his nephew.","This film features a man who seeks revenge on his girlfriend's killer.","This fFilm features a Detroit police sergeant who is pitted against brutal thugs.","The film features friends who are hiding from the mob and hunting a gangster boss, who rigged a karate tournament.","The fFilm features a man, just recently released from prison, who uses brains and muscles to survive in the city.","The fFilm features the Black Dragon, who teams up with kung fu dynamo Dragon Lee as they take on the Korean and Japanese mafias.","The film features a man named Blade, who is the last hope for humanity, when a bloodthirsty lord declares war on the human race.","The fFilm features a vampire slayer who fights to save humanity.","The fFilm features a gang who goes from rags to riches, and then fights a knife-wielding, car stealing leprechaun.","This film is the third in a trilogy. It features a vampire hunter who must join forces with a clan of other hunters to find and defeat Dracula.","The Great Cataract or Waterfall of Niagara in North America, This folder contains a copperplate engraving of Niagara Falls on paper. The image depicts a group of Native Americans showing Europeans the beauty of the falls. In the background, there are several Native Americans hauling large stones.","Powhatan Applesauce Label. \nThis folder contains an advertising label for apple sauce named after the famed Native American chiefdom, the Powhatan. The advertisement includes a sketch of a Native American with a colorful head band and feather in his hair.","Iron King Cook Calendar. \nThis calendar features a scene in which white settlers shot Native Americans while hiding behind a large iron king stove.","Set of 12 postcards that feature oil paintings of Native American imagery. The cards depict a variety of different scenes, including an Indian camp, a hunted buffalo, a tepee, and an Indian carrying an American flag after Custer's Last Stand. The postcards have a short description of each portrayed scene.","Set of 28 postcards featuring images of Native Americans. The postcards represent tribes from all over the country, from the Iroquois to the Hopi. Common images are war dances and dwellings such as tepees and long houses. Many of the postcards have short descriptions of the scenes on the back.","Set of 90 postcards that portray Indian life in the south western United States. Images include  young girls and boys, Indians in traditional tribal outfits, mountains, canyons, and pueblo houses.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that contains a description and multiple illustrations of Indian chiefs.  The chiefs depicted are all from Western tribes, including the Pueblos, Navajos, Apache, Sioux, and Blackfoot.  The description states that the Pueblos are the most civilized of the nations.  The illustrations include portraits of the leaders as well as scenes of the leaders in the picturesque mountains of the west.","This folder includes a souvenir folder that describes and illustrates southwestern Native American life.  The author notes that native life is \"primitive\" with little industry and machinery.  The images contain various scenes, including a mother and child standing next to cactus brush, people gathered around a tepee, a pueblo village, and men creating wampum beads.  Also depicted are images of natives performing a variety of crafts and chores.","Set of trading cards that contain negative imagery of Native Americans.  Images include Native Americans being stabbed by white settler, a Native American man drinking too much, and misrepresentations of traditional Indian outfits.","The trading cards depict imagery of Native Americans, including totem poles, war dances, and stockades.  The cards have images on one side, and a short description of the scene on the other.","Oversized trading that that have photographs and drawing of various Native American leaders.  The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.  This trading cards are housed separately due to their large size.","The trading cards have photographs and drawings of various Native American leaders. The cards have the image on one side, and a short biography of the leader on the other.","This set of 90 cards have images on one side of famous Native American leaders and of famous battles fought by various native tribes.  The backside has a short, skewed description of historical events.","This folder contains a box of bridge tally cards.  The cards have sketches of Native American people and scenery, along with the names and locations of different tribes.","The Wild West Gum cards contains 22 cards depicting colorized illustrations of Native Americans. The collection was part of a set of 24 cards manufactured by John H. Dockman and Son in the early twentieth century.","The Paragon Beef trading cards include negative images of Chinese men with long braids and stereotypical straw hats.","Series of advertising cards that promote the Chinese immigrant population in a negative way. Advertisers include Celluloid Corset Clasps, Kendall Manufacturing Company Soaps and Soapine, Henderson's Goods, and Gent's Furnishings and Fancy Goods Houses. The images depict Chinese men with long hair embarking on ships and men with over exaggerated eye features. The images often have little to do with the product being advertised.","Series of cards that depict a scene between two white boys and a Chinese man. The children pull the man's braid, snap it off, and project the Chinese man from his perch, thus solving the \"Chinese problem\". Another card shows Chinese men being bitten by a dog.","Set of cards that depict Asian Americans in negative ways.  Images include men embarking on a boat for China, a sketch of Mun Wong, and a Chinese child holding an umbrella.","This Fourth of July postcard displays racist imagery towards Asian Americans. The card portrays an Asian woman running away from a fire cracker.","This comic strip includes stereotypical images of a Chinese man who entrapped his long braid in a rail road track.","This game includes a small box of sticks. Each player is to shake the box and the first stick that pops out is the one chosen.  Each stick has a number, and the numbers correspond to a booklet that contains fortunes.","Series of two sided trading cards. One of the sides have images of aspects of Jewish life, such as lighting candles and dancing with the torah. The other sides have short bible verses and explanations of the images.","This game is an educational trivia game that features questions regarding different aspects of the Islamic Hajj. Categories include \"How to Perform Hajj,\" \"Places of Hajj,\" and \"General Questions on Hajj.\" The game is geared toward teaching children about the Muslim pilgrimage.","The postcard displays a derogatory image of a Cuban mother feeding her two small children, one of whom nurses from a goat.","Items in this folder include pamphlets instructing men on how to be good Klan members, a pamphlet regarding the Klan's attitude toward immigration, the Klan's attitude toward the Jew and other letters of propaganda.","This folder include meeting minutes from a chapter of the Klu Klux Klan in Elkton, Maryland. The folder also includes the obituary of klansmen Raymond C. Fronk.","This folder includes a pamphlet published by the Equal Rights Congress in a national effort to outlaw the Nazis and the Klu Klux Klan.  The folder also contains fliers promoting integration and racial tolerance.","This folder includes a manuscript by an unknown author on the subject of foreign immigration into the United States of America. The author argues that foreign populations should be restricted from coming to the United States. The manuscript also discusses the various races and ethnicities that should be restricted, including the Irish, the Jewish population, Italians, and the African and Asian races. The document concludes with a list of prohibitions that the author would impose to keep the immigrant populations from entering the country.","This booklet is published by the Order United American Mechanics, a secret fraternity composed entirely of citizens born in the US.American citizens born. The booklet argues against competition for jobs with foreign-born immigrants.","Cards with images and phrases that promote racial and religious equality."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son."],"language_ssim":["English German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":141,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:30:22.113Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2502"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Songbooks\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1864\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Songbooks\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1864\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Songbooks\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1864"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection of French Language Manuscripts","value":"Collection of French Language Manuscripts","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Songbooks\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Collection+of+French+Language+Manuscripts\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1864"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Henkel Family Papers","value":"Henkel Family 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