{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Slaves--Virginia--Augusta+County.","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Slaves--Virginia--Augusta+County.\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi03057","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, \n1745-1799","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03057#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Augusta County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03057#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eAugusta County (Va.) Court Papers, 1745-1776, is a volume comprised of individual items noted in other county records such as a minute book, will books (volumes 1-4) and order books (volumes 1-16.) The volume reflects the wide range of subjects covered by the county court (in its executive capacity) during this time including accounts, bonds, road petitions and overseer appointments, tithable lists, exemptions from taxes, unclaimed land and land alterations, agricultural subsidies, indentured servants, apprentice indentures, mill petitions, inquisitions, bills of sale for slaves and the only surviving marriage consent (1751). Each individual item is identified by both a section and individual item number--hand numbered prior to creating the photostatic volume. For reference purposes only, the items are separated into two volumes. The first volume is comprised of sections 1-7 and the second volume is comprised of sections 8-14. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03057#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03057","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03057","_root_":"vi_vi03057","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03057","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03057.xml","title_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, \n1745-1799"],"title_tesim":["Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, \n1745-1799"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1104234\n"],"text":["1104234\n","Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, \n1745-1799","Apprentices--Virginia--Augusta County.","Chattel mortgages--Virginia--Augusta County.","Coroners--Virginia--Augusta County.","Courts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Ferries--Virginia--Augusta County.","Hemp--Virginia--Augusta County.","Illegitimate children--Virginia--Augusta County.","Indentured servants--Virginia--Augusta County.","Land value taxation--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage--Virginia--Augusta County.","Personal property--Virginia--Augusta County.","Prisoners--Virginia--Augusta County.","Public records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Racially mixed people--Virginia--Augusta County.","Sheriffs--Virginia--Augusta County.","Slaves--Virginia--Augusta County.","Taxation of personal property-Virginia--Augusta County.","Tax collection--Virginia--Augusta County.","Accounts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Bills of sale--Virginia--Augusta County.","Bonds (legal records)--Virginia--Augusta County.","Commissions (permissions)--Virginia--Augusta County.","Contracts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Deeds--Virginia--Augusta County.","Gifts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Land records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Local government records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage consents--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Medical records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Minute books--Virginia--Augusta County.","Order books--Virginia--Augusta County.","Petitions--Virginia--Augusta County.","Road and bridge records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Tax records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Tithable lists--Virginia--Augusta County.","Will books--Virginia--Augusta County.","1 negative photostatic volume (401 leaves)","There are no restrictions.\n","Augusta County was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 9 December 1745. The county was named for Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, who married Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales, and was the mother of King George III.\n","\"Presiding over the county court was a bench of Justices of the Peace appointed by the governor of the colony. The sheriff, who was also a justice, was presiding officer and chief administrator. The clerk of the court kept minutes of the proceedings in court order books. The county court tried all civil cases above the precinct level, and all criminal cases except felonies and those carrying the death penalty for white persons.\"  In effect, the county court directed all aspects of county affairs both from a judicial and adminstrative standpoint. The entire history of this court is noted in this historic volume.\n","Local taxes were assessed in pounds of tobacco on the head tax basis, called tithes or tithable. The term \"tithable\" referred to a person who paid (or for whom someone else paid) on of the taxes imposed by the General Assembly for the support of civil government in the colony. In colonial Virginia, a poll tax or capitation tax was assessed on free white males, African American slaves, and Native American servants (both male and female), all age sixteen or older.\n","Apprentice indentures are bonds and contracts showing the names of the master and apprentice, the trade to be taught, details of the contract, amount of the bond and names of the sureties.\n","The original records, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Court.\n","Additional Augusta County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"","Consult Lyman Chalkley's \"Records of Augusta County, Virginia, 1745-1800, 3 vols., 1965\" found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.\n","For an excellent overview of the early court system, consult \"A History of Early Spotsylvania\" by James Roger Mansfield, pages 103-106 found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.\n","Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, 1745-1776, is a volume comprised of individual items noted in other county records such as a minute book, will books (volumes 1-4) and order books (volumes 1-16.) The volume reflects the wide range of subjects covered by the county court (in its executive capacity) during this time including accounts, bonds, road petitions and overseer appointments, tithable lists, exemptions from taxes, unclaimed land and land alterations, agricultural subsidies, indentured servants, apprentice indentures, mill petitions, inquisitions, bills of sale for slaves and the only surviving marriage consent (1751). Each individual item is identified by both a section and individual item number--hand numbered prior to creating the photostatic volume. For reference purposes only, the items are separated into two volumes. The first volume is comprised of sections 1-7 and the second volume is comprised of sections 8-14.\n","An overview in the front of the volume notes the subjects covered by each section and the volume number. Each section is broken down into item number, date of item, source of item and description of item. The back of items are noted with a letter b. Items appear in this volume that were previously unrecorded. The volume also cites the abstract work of Judge Lyman Chalkley as he referenced a number of these early items in his three volume work on the \"Records of Augusta County, 1745-1800.\" His abstracts were purchased by the DAR in 1905. The volume dates from the meeting of the first county court, 9 December 1745 until the official year of independence from mother England, 4 July 1776.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Augusta County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Augusta County (Va.) County Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1104234\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, \n1745-1799"],"collection_title_tesim":["Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, \n1745-1799"],"collection_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, \n1745-1799"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The original papers (items) were lent ot the Virginia State Library in August 1967.\n","The negative photostatic volume was created by the Virginia State Library's (now the Library of Virginia)Archives Division, under the accession number 26980, from the original papers.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Apprentices--Virginia--Augusta County.","Chattel mortgages--Virginia--Augusta County.","Coroners--Virginia--Augusta County.","Courts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Ferries--Virginia--Augusta County.","Hemp--Virginia--Augusta County.","Illegitimate children--Virginia--Augusta County.","Indentured servants--Virginia--Augusta County.","Land value taxation--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage--Virginia--Augusta County.","Personal property--Virginia--Augusta County.","Prisoners--Virginia--Augusta County.","Public records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Racially mixed people--Virginia--Augusta County.","Sheriffs--Virginia--Augusta County.","Slaves--Virginia--Augusta County.","Taxation of personal property-Virginia--Augusta County.","Tax collection--Virginia--Augusta County.","Accounts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Bills of sale--Virginia--Augusta County.","Bonds (legal records)--Virginia--Augusta County.","Commissions (permissions)--Virginia--Augusta County.","Contracts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Deeds--Virginia--Augusta County.","Gifts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Land records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Local government records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage consents--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Medical records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Minute books--Virginia--Augusta County.","Order books--Virginia--Augusta County.","Petitions--Virginia--Augusta County.","Road and bridge records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Tax records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Tithable lists--Virginia--Augusta County.","Will books--Virginia--Augusta County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Apprentices--Virginia--Augusta County.","Chattel mortgages--Virginia--Augusta County.","Coroners--Virginia--Augusta County.","Courts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Ferries--Virginia--Augusta County.","Hemp--Virginia--Augusta County.","Illegitimate children--Virginia--Augusta County.","Indentured servants--Virginia--Augusta County.","Land value taxation--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage--Virginia--Augusta County.","Personal property--Virginia--Augusta County.","Prisoners--Virginia--Augusta County.","Public records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Racially mixed people--Virginia--Augusta County.","Sheriffs--Virginia--Augusta County.","Slaves--Virginia--Augusta County.","Taxation of personal property-Virginia--Augusta County.","Tax collection--Virginia--Augusta County.","Accounts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Bills of sale--Virginia--Augusta County.","Bonds (legal records)--Virginia--Augusta County.","Commissions (permissions)--Virginia--Augusta County.","Contracts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Deeds--Virginia--Augusta County.","Gifts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Land records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Local government records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage consents--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Medical records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Minute books--Virginia--Augusta County.","Order books--Virginia--Augusta County.","Petitions--Virginia--Augusta County.","Road and bridge records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Tax records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Tithable lists--Virginia--Augusta County.","Will books--Virginia--Augusta County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 negative photostatic volume (401 leaves)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAugusta County was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 9 December 1745. The county was named for Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, who married Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales, and was the mother of King George III.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Presiding over the county court was a bench of Justices of the Peace appointed by the governor of the colony. The sheriff, who was also a justice, was presiding officer and chief administrator. The clerk of the court kept minutes of the proceedings in court order books. The county court tried all civil cases above the precinct level, and all criminal cases except felonies and those carrying the death penalty for white persons.\"  In effect, the county court directed all aspects of county affairs both from a judicial and adminstrative standpoint. The entire history of this court is noted in this historic volume.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLocal taxes were assessed in pounds of tobacco on the head tax basis, called tithes or tithable. The term \"tithable\" referred to a person who paid (or for whom someone else paid) on of the taxes imposed by the General Assembly for the support of civil government in the colony. In colonial Virginia, a poll tax or capitation tax was assessed on free white males, African American slaves, and Native American servants (both male and female), all age sixteen or older.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApprentice indentures are bonds and contracts showing the names of the master and apprentice, the trade to be taught, details of the contract, amount of the bond and names of the sureties.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original records, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Court.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Augusta County was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 9 December 1745. The county was named for Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, who married Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales, and was the mother of King George III.\n","\"Presiding over the county court was a bench of Justices of the Peace appointed by the governor of the colony. The sheriff, who was also a justice, was presiding officer and chief administrator. The clerk of the court kept minutes of the proceedings in court order books. The county court tried all civil cases above the precinct level, and all criminal cases except felonies and those carrying the death penalty for white persons.\"  In effect, the county court directed all aspects of county affairs both from a judicial and adminstrative standpoint. The entire history of this court is noted in this historic volume.\n","Local taxes were assessed in pounds of tobacco on the head tax basis, called tithes or tithable. The term \"tithable\" referred to a person who paid (or for whom someone else paid) on of the taxes imposed by the General Assembly for the support of civil government in the colony. In colonial Virginia, a poll tax or capitation tax was assessed on free white males, African American slaves, and Native American servants (both male and female), all age sixteen or older.\n","Apprentice indentures are bonds and contracts showing the names of the master and apprentice, the trade to be taught, details of the contract, amount of the bond and names of the sureties.\n","The original records, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Court.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAugusta County (Va.) Court Papers, 1745-1776.  Local government records collection, Augusta County Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, 1745-1776.  Local government records collection, Augusta County Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Augusta County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA017\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsult Lyman Chalkley's \"Records of Augusta County, Virginia, 1745-1800, 3 vols., 1965\" found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor an excellent overview of the early court system, consult \"A History of Early Spotsylvania\" by James Roger Mansfield, pages 103-106 found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Augusta County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"","Consult Lyman Chalkley's \"Records of Augusta County, Virginia, 1745-1800, 3 vols., 1965\" found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.\n","For an excellent overview of the early court system, consult \"A History of Early Spotsylvania\" by James Roger Mansfield, pages 103-106 found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAugusta County (Va.) Court Papers, 1745-1776, is a volume comprised of individual items noted in other county records such as a minute book, will books (volumes 1-4) and order books (volumes 1-16.) The volume reflects the wide range of subjects covered by the county court (in its executive capacity) during this time including accounts, bonds, road petitions and overseer appointments, tithable lists, exemptions from taxes, unclaimed land and land alterations, agricultural subsidies, indentured servants, apprentice indentures, mill petitions, inquisitions, bills of sale for slaves and the only surviving marriage consent (1751). Each individual item is identified by both a section and individual item number--hand numbered prior to creating the photostatic volume. For reference purposes only, the items are separated into two volumes. The first volume is comprised of sections 1-7 and the second volume is comprised of sections 8-14.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn overview in the front of the volume notes the subjects covered by each section and the volume number. Each section is broken down into item number, date of item, source of item and description of item. The back of items are noted with a letter b. Items appear in this volume that were previously unrecorded. The volume also cites the abstract work of Judge Lyman Chalkley as he referenced a number of these early items in his three volume work on the \"Records of Augusta County, 1745-1800.\" His abstracts were purchased by the DAR in 1905. The volume dates from the meeting of the first county court, 9 December 1745 until the official year of independence from mother England, 4 July 1776.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, 1745-1776, is a volume comprised of individual items noted in other county records such as a minute book, will books (volumes 1-4) and order books (volumes 1-16.) The volume reflects the wide range of subjects covered by the county court (in its executive capacity) during this time including accounts, bonds, road petitions and overseer appointments, tithable lists, exemptions from taxes, unclaimed land and land alterations, agricultural subsidies, indentured servants, apprentice indentures, mill petitions, inquisitions, bills of sale for slaves and the only surviving marriage consent (1751). Each individual item is identified by both a section and individual item number--hand numbered prior to creating the photostatic volume. For reference purposes only, the items are separated into two volumes. The first volume is comprised of sections 1-7 and the second volume is comprised of sections 8-14.\n","An overview in the front of the volume notes the subjects covered by each section and the volume number. Each section is broken down into item number, date of item, source of item and description of item. The back of items are noted with a letter b. Items appear in this volume that were previously unrecorded. The volume also cites the abstract work of Judge Lyman Chalkley as he referenced a number of these early items in his three volume work on the \"Records of Augusta County, 1745-1800.\" His abstracts were purchased by the DAR in 1905. The volume dates from the meeting of the first county court, 9 December 1745 until the official year of independence from mother England, 4 July 1776.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Augusta County (Va.) County Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Augusta County (Va.) County Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:54:27.485Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03057","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03057","_root_":"vi_vi03057","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03057","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03057.xml","title_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, \n1745-1799"],"title_tesim":["Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, \n1745-1799"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1104234\n"],"text":["1104234\n","Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, \n1745-1799","Apprentices--Virginia--Augusta County.","Chattel mortgages--Virginia--Augusta County.","Coroners--Virginia--Augusta County.","Courts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Ferries--Virginia--Augusta County.","Hemp--Virginia--Augusta County.","Illegitimate children--Virginia--Augusta County.","Indentured servants--Virginia--Augusta County.","Land value taxation--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage--Virginia--Augusta County.","Personal property--Virginia--Augusta County.","Prisoners--Virginia--Augusta County.","Public records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Racially mixed people--Virginia--Augusta County.","Sheriffs--Virginia--Augusta County.","Slaves--Virginia--Augusta County.","Taxation of personal property-Virginia--Augusta County.","Tax collection--Virginia--Augusta County.","Accounts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Bills of sale--Virginia--Augusta County.","Bonds (legal records)--Virginia--Augusta County.","Commissions (permissions)--Virginia--Augusta County.","Contracts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Deeds--Virginia--Augusta County.","Gifts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Land records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Local government records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage consents--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Medical records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Minute books--Virginia--Augusta County.","Order books--Virginia--Augusta County.","Petitions--Virginia--Augusta County.","Road and bridge records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Tax records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Tithable lists--Virginia--Augusta County.","Will books--Virginia--Augusta County.","1 negative photostatic volume (401 leaves)","There are no restrictions.\n","Augusta County was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 9 December 1745. The county was named for Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, who married Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales, and was the mother of King George III.\n","\"Presiding over the county court was a bench of Justices of the Peace appointed by the governor of the colony. The sheriff, who was also a justice, was presiding officer and chief administrator. The clerk of the court kept minutes of the proceedings in court order books. The county court tried all civil cases above the precinct level, and all criminal cases except felonies and those carrying the death penalty for white persons.\"  In effect, the county court directed all aspects of county affairs both from a judicial and adminstrative standpoint. The entire history of this court is noted in this historic volume.\n","Local taxes were assessed in pounds of tobacco on the head tax basis, called tithes or tithable. The term \"tithable\" referred to a person who paid (or for whom someone else paid) on of the taxes imposed by the General Assembly for the support of civil government in the colony. In colonial Virginia, a poll tax or capitation tax was assessed on free white males, African American slaves, and Native American servants (both male and female), all age sixteen or older.\n","Apprentice indentures are bonds and contracts showing the names of the master and apprentice, the trade to be taught, details of the contract, amount of the bond and names of the sureties.\n","The original records, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Court.\n","Additional Augusta County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"","Consult Lyman Chalkley's \"Records of Augusta County, Virginia, 1745-1800, 3 vols., 1965\" found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.\n","For an excellent overview of the early court system, consult \"A History of Early Spotsylvania\" by James Roger Mansfield, pages 103-106 found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.\n","Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, 1745-1776, is a volume comprised of individual items noted in other county records such as a minute book, will books (volumes 1-4) and order books (volumes 1-16.) The volume reflects the wide range of subjects covered by the county court (in its executive capacity) during this time including accounts, bonds, road petitions and overseer appointments, tithable lists, exemptions from taxes, unclaimed land and land alterations, agricultural subsidies, indentured servants, apprentice indentures, mill petitions, inquisitions, bills of sale for slaves and the only surviving marriage consent (1751). Each individual item is identified by both a section and individual item number--hand numbered prior to creating the photostatic volume. For reference purposes only, the items are separated into two volumes. The first volume is comprised of sections 1-7 and the second volume is comprised of sections 8-14.\n","An overview in the front of the volume notes the subjects covered by each section and the volume number. Each section is broken down into item number, date of item, source of item and description of item. The back of items are noted with a letter b. Items appear in this volume that were previously unrecorded. The volume also cites the abstract work of Judge Lyman Chalkley as he referenced a number of these early items in his three volume work on the \"Records of Augusta County, 1745-1800.\" His abstracts were purchased by the DAR in 1905. The volume dates from the meeting of the first county court, 9 December 1745 until the official year of independence from mother England, 4 July 1776.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Augusta County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Augusta County (Va.) County Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1104234\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, \n1745-1799"],"collection_title_tesim":["Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, \n1745-1799"],"collection_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, \n1745-1799"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The original papers (items) were lent ot the Virginia State Library in August 1967.\n","The negative photostatic volume was created by the Virginia State Library's (now the Library of Virginia)Archives Division, under the accession number 26980, from the original papers.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Apprentices--Virginia--Augusta County.","Chattel mortgages--Virginia--Augusta County.","Coroners--Virginia--Augusta County.","Courts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Ferries--Virginia--Augusta County.","Hemp--Virginia--Augusta County.","Illegitimate children--Virginia--Augusta County.","Indentured servants--Virginia--Augusta County.","Land value taxation--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage--Virginia--Augusta County.","Personal property--Virginia--Augusta County.","Prisoners--Virginia--Augusta County.","Public records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Racially mixed people--Virginia--Augusta County.","Sheriffs--Virginia--Augusta County.","Slaves--Virginia--Augusta County.","Taxation of personal property-Virginia--Augusta County.","Tax collection--Virginia--Augusta County.","Accounts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Bills of sale--Virginia--Augusta County.","Bonds (legal records)--Virginia--Augusta County.","Commissions (permissions)--Virginia--Augusta County.","Contracts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Deeds--Virginia--Augusta County.","Gifts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Land records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Local government records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage consents--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Medical records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Minute books--Virginia--Augusta County.","Order books--Virginia--Augusta County.","Petitions--Virginia--Augusta County.","Road and bridge records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Tax records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Tithable lists--Virginia--Augusta County.","Will books--Virginia--Augusta County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Apprentices--Virginia--Augusta County.","Chattel mortgages--Virginia--Augusta County.","Coroners--Virginia--Augusta County.","Courts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Ferries--Virginia--Augusta County.","Hemp--Virginia--Augusta County.","Illegitimate children--Virginia--Augusta County.","Indentured servants--Virginia--Augusta County.","Land value taxation--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage--Virginia--Augusta County.","Personal property--Virginia--Augusta County.","Prisoners--Virginia--Augusta County.","Public records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Racially mixed people--Virginia--Augusta County.","Sheriffs--Virginia--Augusta County.","Slaves--Virginia--Augusta County.","Taxation of personal property-Virginia--Augusta County.","Tax collection--Virginia--Augusta County.","Accounts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Bills of sale--Virginia--Augusta County.","Bonds (legal records)--Virginia--Augusta County.","Commissions (permissions)--Virginia--Augusta County.","Contracts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Deeds--Virginia--Augusta County.","Gifts--Virginia--Augusta County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Land records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Local government records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage consents--Virginia--Augusta County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Medical records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Minute books--Virginia--Augusta County.","Order books--Virginia--Augusta County.","Petitions--Virginia--Augusta County.","Road and bridge records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Tax records--Virginia--Augusta County.","Tithable lists--Virginia--Augusta County.","Will books--Virginia--Augusta County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 negative photostatic volume (401 leaves)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAugusta County was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 9 December 1745. The county was named for Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, who married Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales, and was the mother of King George III.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Presiding over the county court was a bench of Justices of the Peace appointed by the governor of the colony. The sheriff, who was also a justice, was presiding officer and chief administrator. The clerk of the court kept minutes of the proceedings in court order books. The county court tried all civil cases above the precinct level, and all criminal cases except felonies and those carrying the death penalty for white persons.\"  In effect, the county court directed all aspects of county affairs both from a judicial and adminstrative standpoint. The entire history of this court is noted in this historic volume.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLocal taxes were assessed in pounds of tobacco on the head tax basis, called tithes or tithable. The term \"tithable\" referred to a person who paid (or for whom someone else paid) on of the taxes imposed by the General Assembly for the support of civil government in the colony. In colonial Virginia, a poll tax or capitation tax was assessed on free white males, African American slaves, and Native American servants (both male and female), all age sixteen or older.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApprentice indentures are bonds and contracts showing the names of the master and apprentice, the trade to be taught, details of the contract, amount of the bond and names of the sureties.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original records, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Court.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Augusta County was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 9 December 1745. The county was named for Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, who married Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales, and was the mother of King George III.\n","\"Presiding over the county court was a bench of Justices of the Peace appointed by the governor of the colony. The sheriff, who was also a justice, was presiding officer and chief administrator. The clerk of the court kept minutes of the proceedings in court order books. The county court tried all civil cases above the precinct level, and all criminal cases except felonies and those carrying the death penalty for white persons.\"  In effect, the county court directed all aspects of county affairs both from a judicial and adminstrative standpoint. The entire history of this court is noted in this historic volume.\n","Local taxes were assessed in pounds of tobacco on the head tax basis, called tithes or tithable. The term \"tithable\" referred to a person who paid (or for whom someone else paid) on of the taxes imposed by the General Assembly for the support of civil government in the colony. In colonial Virginia, a poll tax or capitation tax was assessed on free white males, African American slaves, and Native American servants (both male and female), all age sixteen or older.\n","Apprentice indentures are bonds and contracts showing the names of the master and apprentice, the trade to be taught, details of the contract, amount of the bond and names of the sureties.\n","The original records, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Court.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAugusta County (Va.) Court Papers, 1745-1776.  Local government records collection, Augusta County Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, 1745-1776.  Local government records collection, Augusta County Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Augusta County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA017\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsult Lyman Chalkley's \"Records of Augusta County, Virginia, 1745-1800, 3 vols., 1965\" found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor an excellent overview of the early court system, consult \"A History of Early Spotsylvania\" by James Roger Mansfield, pages 103-106 found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Augusta County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"","Consult Lyman Chalkley's \"Records of Augusta County, Virginia, 1745-1800, 3 vols., 1965\" found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.\n","For an excellent overview of the early court system, consult \"A History of Early Spotsylvania\" by James Roger Mansfield, pages 103-106 found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAugusta County (Va.) Court Papers, 1745-1776, is a volume comprised of individual items noted in other county records such as a minute book, will books (volumes 1-4) and order books (volumes 1-16.) The volume reflects the wide range of subjects covered by the county court (in its executive capacity) during this time including accounts, bonds, road petitions and overseer appointments, tithable lists, exemptions from taxes, unclaimed land and land alterations, agricultural subsidies, indentured servants, apprentice indentures, mill petitions, inquisitions, bills of sale for slaves and the only surviving marriage consent (1751). Each individual item is identified by both a section and individual item number--hand numbered prior to creating the photostatic volume. For reference purposes only, the items are separated into two volumes. The first volume is comprised of sections 1-7 and the second volume is comprised of sections 8-14.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn overview in the front of the volume notes the subjects covered by each section and the volume number. Each section is broken down into item number, date of item, source of item and description of item. The back of items are noted with a letter b. Items appear in this volume that were previously unrecorded. The volume also cites the abstract work of Judge Lyman Chalkley as he referenced a number of these early items in his three volume work on the \"Records of Augusta County, 1745-1800.\" His abstracts were purchased by the DAR in 1905. The volume dates from the meeting of the first county court, 9 December 1745 until the official year of independence from mother England, 4 July 1776.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Augusta County (Va.) Court Papers, 1745-1776, is a volume comprised of individual items noted in other county records such as a minute book, will books (volumes 1-4) and order books (volumes 1-16.) The volume reflects the wide range of subjects covered by the county court (in its executive capacity) during this time including accounts, bonds, road petitions and overseer appointments, tithable lists, exemptions from taxes, unclaimed land and land alterations, agricultural subsidies, indentured servants, apprentice indentures, mill petitions, inquisitions, bills of sale for slaves and the only surviving marriage consent (1751). Each individual item is identified by both a section and individual item number--hand numbered prior to creating the photostatic volume. For reference purposes only, the items are separated into two volumes. The first volume is comprised of sections 1-7 and the second volume is comprised of sections 8-14.\n","An overview in the front of the volume notes the subjects covered by each section and the volume number. Each section is broken down into item number, date of item, source of item and description of item. The back of items are noted with a letter b. Items appear in this volume that were previously unrecorded. The volume also cites the abstract work of Judge Lyman Chalkley as he referenced a number of these early items in his three volume work on the \"Records of Augusta County, 1745-1800.\" His abstracts were purchased by the DAR in 1905. The volume dates from the meeting of the first county court, 9 December 1745 until the official year of independence from mother England, 4 July 1776.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Augusta County (Va.) County Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Augusta County (Va.) 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Each entry can be found under the client's individual account in the ledger located at the back of the volume. Examples of the services provided by Tapp include serving as administrator and guardian, drafting deeds, taking depositions, settling estates, and arguing cases at court. The law firms expenses (such as travel, hire of horses, and purchasing wood) are also recorded in the daybook and ledger. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02728#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02728","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02728","_root_":"vi_vi02728","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02728","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02728.xml","title_ssm":["Henry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, \n1826-1831"],"title_tesim":["Henry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, \n1826-1831"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.) Reel 244/Barcode 1187994\n"],"text":["Augusta County (Va.) Reel 244/Barcode 1187994\n","Henry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, \n1826-1831","Law firms--Virginia--Augusta County.","Lawyers--Virginia--Augusta County.","Slaves--Virginia--Augusta County.","Daybooks--Virginia--Augusta County.","Ledgers (account books)--Virginia--Augusta County.","1 v. and 1 microfilm reel","There are no restrictions.\n","Henry I. Tapp was a lawyer in Staunton, Virginia, in the early nineteenth century until his death in 1830. Tapp was also involved in the building of the Staunton turnpike.\n","Henry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, 1826-1831, documents the financial activities of Tapp's law firm on an almost daily basis. Information found in the daybook entries include the name of client and the amounts owed or paid. Each entry can be found under the client's individual account in the ledger located at the back of the volume. Examples of the services provided by Tapp include serving as administrator and guardian, drafting deeds, taking depositions, settling estates, and arguing cases at court. The law firms expenses (such as travel, hire of horses, and purchasing wood) are also recorded in the daybook and ledger.  \n","Several entries also record the hiring out of Tapp's slaves (Michael, Tom, Mike, and Dick) for short durations for whitewashing, helping with a harvest, etc.","Transactions entered in 1831 were made by Thomas J. Michie, another lawyer in Augusta County, who took over Tapp's cases after his death in 1830.","Use microfilm, Augusta County (Va.) Reel 244.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Tapp, Henry I.","Michie, Thomas J.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["Augusta County (Va.) Reel 244/Barcode 1187994\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, \n1826-1831"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry I. 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Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This item came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Augusta County under the accession number 43658. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Law firms--Virginia--Augusta County.","Lawyers--Virginia--Augusta County.","Slaves--Virginia--Augusta County.","Daybooks--Virginia--Augusta County.","Ledgers (account books)--Virginia--Augusta County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Law firms--Virginia--Augusta County.","Lawyers--Virginia--Augusta County.","Slaves--Virginia--Augusta County.","Daybooks--Virginia--Augusta County.","Ledgers (account books)--Virginia--Augusta County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 v. and 1 microfilm reel"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry I. Tapp was a lawyer in Staunton, Virginia, in the early nineteenth century until his death in 1830. Tapp was also involved in the building of the Staunton turnpike.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry I. Tapp was a lawyer in Staunton, Virginia, in the early nineteenth century until his death in 1830. Tapp was also involved in the building of the Staunton turnpike.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, 1826-1831. Local government records collection, Augusta County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Henry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, 1826-1831. Local government records collection, Augusta County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, 1826-1831, documents the financial activities of Tapp's law firm on an almost daily basis. Information found in the daybook entries include the name of client and the amounts owed or paid. Each entry can be found under the client's individual account in the ledger located at the back of the volume. Examples of the services provided by Tapp include serving as administrator and guardian, drafting deeds, taking depositions, settling estates, and arguing cases at court. The law firms expenses (such as travel, hire of horses, and purchasing wood) are also recorded in the daybook and ledger.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral entries also record the hiring out of Tapp's slaves (Michael, Tom, Mike, and Dick) for short durations for whitewashing, helping with a harvest, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransactions entered in 1831 were made by Thomas J. Michie, another lawyer in Augusta County, who took over Tapp's cases after his death in 1830.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Henry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, 1826-1831, documents the financial activities of Tapp's law firm on an almost daily basis. Information found in the daybook entries include the name of client and the amounts owed or paid. Each entry can be found under the client's individual account in the ledger located at the back of the volume. Examples of the services provided by Tapp include serving as administrator and guardian, drafting deeds, taking depositions, settling estates, and arguing cases at court. The law firms expenses (such as travel, hire of horses, and purchasing wood) are also recorded in the daybook and ledger.  \n","Several entries also record the hiring out of Tapp's slaves (Michael, Tom, Mike, and Dick) for short durations for whitewashing, helping with a harvest, etc.","Transactions entered in 1831 were made by Thomas J. Michie, another lawyer in Augusta County, who took over Tapp's cases after his death in 1830."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm, Augusta County (Va.) Reel 244.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm, Augusta County (Va.) Reel 244.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Tapp, Henry I.","Michie, Thomas J."],"persname_ssim":["Tapp, Henry I.","Michie, Thomas J."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:56:24.466Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02728","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02728","_root_":"vi_vi02728","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02728","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02728.xml","title_ssm":["Henry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, \n1826-1831"],"title_tesim":["Henry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, \n1826-1831"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.) Reel 244/Barcode 1187994\n"],"text":["Augusta County (Va.) 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Examples of the services provided by Tapp include serving as administrator and guardian, drafting deeds, taking depositions, settling estates, and arguing cases at court. The law firms expenses (such as travel, hire of horses, and purchasing wood) are also recorded in the daybook and ledger.  \n","Several entries also record the hiring out of Tapp's slaves (Michael, Tom, Mike, and Dick) for short durations for whitewashing, helping with a harvest, etc.","Transactions entered in 1831 were made by Thomas J. Michie, another lawyer in Augusta County, who took over Tapp's cases after his death in 1830.","Use microfilm, Augusta County (Va.) Reel 244.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Tapp, Henry I.","Michie, Thomas J.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["Augusta County (Va.) Reel 244/Barcode 1187994\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, \n1826-1831"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry I. 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Tapp was a lawyer in Staunton, Virginia, in the early nineteenth century until his death in 1830. Tapp was also involved in the building of the Staunton turnpike.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry I. Tapp was a lawyer in Staunton, Virginia, in the early nineteenth century until his death in 1830. Tapp was also involved in the building of the Staunton turnpike.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, 1826-1831. Local government records collection, Augusta County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Henry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, 1826-1831. Local government records collection, Augusta County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, 1826-1831, documents the financial activities of Tapp's law firm on an almost daily basis. Information found in the daybook entries include the name of client and the amounts owed or paid. Each entry can be found under the client's individual account in the ledger located at the back of the volume. Examples of the services provided by Tapp include serving as administrator and guardian, drafting deeds, taking depositions, settling estates, and arguing cases at court. The law firms expenses (such as travel, hire of horses, and purchasing wood) are also recorded in the daybook and ledger.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral entries also record the hiring out of Tapp's slaves (Michael, Tom, Mike, and Dick) for short durations for whitewashing, helping with a harvest, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransactions entered in 1831 were made by Thomas J. Michie, another lawyer in Augusta County, who took over Tapp's cases after his death in 1830.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Henry I. Tapp Daybook and Ledger, 1826-1831, documents the financial activities of Tapp's law firm on an almost daily basis. Information found in the daybook entries include the name of client and the amounts owed or paid. Each entry can be found under the client's individual account in the ledger located at the back of the volume. Examples of the services provided by Tapp include serving as administrator and guardian, drafting deeds, taking depositions, settling estates, and arguing cases at court. The law firms expenses (such as travel, hire of horses, and purchasing wood) are also recorded in the daybook and ledger.  \n","Several entries also record the hiring out of Tapp's slaves (Michael, Tom, Mike, and Dick) for short durations for whitewashing, helping with a harvest, etc.","Transactions entered in 1831 were made by Thomas J. 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