{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Slavery--United+States+--+Virginia\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1832","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Slavery--United+States+--+Virginia\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1832\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":8,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George Washington Lewis papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_965#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_965#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_965#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_965.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120875","title_filing_ssi":"Lewis, George Washington, papers","title_ssm":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"title_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1805-1906, 1966"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1805-1906, 1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965"],"text":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965","George Washington Lewis papers","Lewis family","Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)","Good.","The collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent.","Judge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).","Francis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.","As shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).","Henry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.","The correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.","According to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\"","This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.","These copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown.","The George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.","Bayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.","This is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.","Sends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.","Brockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.","Burke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"","He writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.","Cameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.","John Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.","Supplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.","John Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" ","He tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.","Carter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. ","In his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. ","The third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).","Agrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.","Tells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.","Davis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.","Dickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.","Asks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.","Edward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.","Benjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.","Forbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.","Declines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.","Godfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).","Encloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.","Despite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.","Writes a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.","Expresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).","Provides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.","Lewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. ","Also present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. ","Since the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.","These letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).","In this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.","His first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).","Lewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). ","Lewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). ","Lewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).","Lewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.","Writes from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).","Discusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.","Lewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.","Lewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.","Henry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).","Characterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.","Henry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.","Jane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.","Louisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.","\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. ","She regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.","He writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.","She writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.","Assures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.","Thomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).","A very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.","Notifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.","Includes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).","John [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).","Marye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.","Lewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.","Mayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.","Miller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).","Writes a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.","Minor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).","Both men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.","Patton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).","Pendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).","Asks Lewis to come and visit him.","Rives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).","Describes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.","Asks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.","The Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).","Recommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).","Asks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.","Sheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.","Declines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.","Stuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.","Tayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).","Includes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.","If Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.","Washington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).","Washington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.","Regrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).","Willis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).","Commends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.","Mary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.","Lewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.","This includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.","The memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.","Photographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.","Paper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.","This is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes.","This collection is open for research.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Lewis family"],"geogname_ssim":["Lewis family"],"creator_ssm":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creator_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creators_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"places_ssim":["Lewis family"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is open for research."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library by Betty Works Fuller, a descendant of George Washington Lewis, on April 5, 2018. These papers were received by Lucy Robb Winston Works (1916-2016) from several members of her family and she preserved them as a collection."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":[".75 Cubic Feet 2 boxes; 1 legal document box and 1 half-size legal document box."],"extent_tesim":[".75 Cubic Feet 2 boxes; 1 legal document box and 1 half-size legal document box."],"physfacet_tesim":["Roughly 0.75 cubic feet\n of material  "],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJudge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrancis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Judge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).","Francis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.","As shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).","Henry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.","The correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.","According to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\""],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["These copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington Lewis papers, MSS 16413, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers, MSS 16413, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBurke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGodfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDespite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSince the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharacterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLouisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAssures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoth men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePatton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks Lewis to come and visit him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePaper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.","Bayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.","This is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.","Sends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.","Brockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.","Burke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"","He writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.","Cameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.","John Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.","Supplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.","John Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" ","He tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.","Carter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. ","In his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. ","The third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).","Agrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.","Tells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.","Davis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.","Dickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.","Asks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.","Edward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.","Benjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.","Forbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.","Declines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.","Godfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).","Encloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.","Despite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.","Writes a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.","Expresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).","Provides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.","Lewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. ","Also present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. ","Since the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.","These letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).","In this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.","His first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).","Lewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). ","Lewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). ","Lewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).","Lewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.","Writes from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).","Discusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.","Lewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.","Lewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.","Henry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).","Characterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.","Henry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.","Jane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.","Louisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.","\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. ","She regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.","He writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.","She writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.","Assures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.","Thomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).","A very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.","Notifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.","Includes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).","John [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).","Marye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.","Lewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.","Mayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.","Miller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).","Writes a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.","Minor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).","Both men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.","Patton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).","Pendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).","Asks Lewis to come and visit him.","Rives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).","Describes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.","Asks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.","The Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).","Recommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).","Asks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.","Sheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.","Declines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.","Stuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.","Tayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).","Includes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.","If Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.","Washington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).","Washington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.","Regrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).","Willis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).","Commends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.","Mary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.","Lewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.","This includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.","The memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.","Photographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.","Paper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.","This is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":99,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_965","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_965.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120875","title_filing_ssi":"Lewis, George Washington, papers","title_ssm":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"title_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1805-1906, 1966"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1805-1906, 1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965"],"text":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965","George Washington Lewis papers","Lewis family","Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)","Good.","The collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent.","Judge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).","Francis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.","As shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).","Henry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.","The correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.","According to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\"","This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.","These copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown.","The George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.","Bayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.","This is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.","Sends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.","Brockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.","Burke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"","He writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.","Cameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.","John Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.","Supplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.","John Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" ","He tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.","Carter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. ","In his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. ","The third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).","Agrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.","Tells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.","Davis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.","Dickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.","Asks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.","Edward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.","Benjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.","Forbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.","Declines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.","Godfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).","Encloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.","Despite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.","Writes a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.","Expresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).","Provides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.","Lewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. ","Also present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. ","Since the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.","These letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).","In this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.","His first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).","Lewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). ","Lewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). ","Lewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).","Lewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.","Writes from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).","Discusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.","Lewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.","Lewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.","Henry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).","Characterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.","Henry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.","Jane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.","Louisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.","\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. ","She regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.","He writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.","She writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.","Assures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.","Thomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).","A very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.","Notifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.","Includes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).","John [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).","Marye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.","Lewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.","Mayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.","Miller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).","Writes a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.","Minor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).","Both men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.","Patton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).","Pendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).","Asks Lewis to come and visit him.","Rives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).","Describes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.","Asks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.","The Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).","Recommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).","Asks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.","Sheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.","Declines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.","Stuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.","Tayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).","Includes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.","If Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.","Washington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).","Washington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.","Regrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).","Willis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).","Commends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.","Mary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.","Lewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.","This includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.","The memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.","Photographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.","Paper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.","This is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes.","This collection is open for research.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/965"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington Lewis papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Lewis family"],"geogname_ssim":["Lewis family"],"creator_ssm":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creator_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"creators_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"places_ssim":["Lewis family"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is open for research."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library by Betty Works Fuller, a descendant of George Washington Lewis, on April 5, 2018. These papers were received by Lucy Robb Winston Works (1916-2016) from several members of her family and she preserved them as a collection."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","enslavement","enslaved persons","Politics and government","Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":[".75 Cubic Feet 2 boxes; 1 legal document box and 1 half-size legal document box."],"extent_tesim":[".75 Cubic Feet 2 boxes; 1 legal document box and 1 half-size legal document box."],"physfacet_tesim":["Roughly 0.75 cubic feet\n of material  "],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts (documents)","photographs","letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been arranged in two series, Correspondence and the Lewis family miscellany files. The correspondence is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the correspondent."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJudge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrancis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Judge George Washington Lewis (1803/4-1879) was born at \"Shellfield,\" Colonial Beach, Virginia, and died at \"Claymont,\" Westmoreland County, Virginia, the son of Samuel Lewis (1780-1840) and Sarah Attaway Miller (1785-1822) and grandson of George Lewis (1757-1821) and Catherine Daingerfield (1784-1820). Lewis was a lawyer, educated at the University of Virginia. He was married first to Jane Brockenbrough Lewis (1810-1849) and they had six children: Anna Louisa Lewis (1830-1897); Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862); Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (1833-1910); Samuel Lewis (1836-1849); Robert Byrd Lewis (1841-1897) and Lucy Pratt Lewis Funsten (1844-1909). His second wife was Lucy Anne Robb (1823-1891) and they had two children, Jane Vivian Lewis Long (1858-1931) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (1861-190).","Francis Burt served in the South Carolina General Assembly for twelve years, 1832-1844. In 1853 he was appointed an auditor at the U.S. Treasury Department. In 1854, Burt was selected by President Pierce as the first Governor of the Nebraska Territory but died just a few days after taking the oath of office.","As shown in these three letters, \"In 1846 and again ten years later there were efforts to pull Carter out of political retirement, the first time as Whig nominee for the State Senate, the second as Union Candidates for Congress (Virginia's 8th District). In each instance Carter politely but firmly declined to be a candidate. See, for example, his letter to the \"Richmond Whig\", July 21, 1856\" (quoted from a note from the finding aid for MSS 1959, -a, -c in UVA Special Collections).","Henry Bankhead Lewis was killed in the Battle of Seven Pines, May 31-June 1, 1862.","The correspondent was probably Mary Willis Lewis (1812-1886), daughter of Major Samuel Lewis, who married John Casey, Union, Kentucky, in 1829. The recipient is probably her brother, George Washington Lewis.","According to a Wikipedia article about Kentucky in the Civil War, \"Kentucky was a border state of key importance in the American Civil War. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance.\""],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["These copies were made presumably by Lucy Lewis Funsten and the location of originals are unknown."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington Lewis papers, MSS 16413, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["George Washington Lewis papers, MSS 16413, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBurke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGodfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDespite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSince the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharacterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLouisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAssures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoth men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePatton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks Lewis to come and visit him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAsks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeclines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePaper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The George Washington Lewis papers consists chiefly of correspondence to and from George Washington Lewis and between other family members, but also includes a few photographs of the Lewis family and the homes of \"Claymont\", \"Shellfield\" and \"Marmion\"; a plat of \"Claymont\"; newsclippings; notes on Lewis family history and genealogy; and a few financial and legal documents.","Bayly discusses the handling of the case of Molly Butler and his lack of time for correspondence due to his work on the Foreign Affairs Committee and his poor health.","This is a letter of condolence upon the death of George Washington Lewis.","Sends a note saying that Willis and family have been delayed due to an accident to their carriage and sends personal regards from Mary Berkeley.","Brockenbrough welcomes \"the young Mr. McDaniel\" recommended by Lewis into his class at the Lexington Law School for instruction and has sent him one of his Law School circulars.","Burke sends a brief note about the life of Fielding Lewis and refers to the \"Samoan disaster\" account in \"The Washington Post.\"","He writes that he is forwarding the amount owed for the pension of Molly Butler up to her death on June 13, 1852, through Representative Bayly to George Washington Lewis, who is the administrator of Butler's estate.","Cameron requests a letter of recommendation from Lewis for the recently created position of Chair of Greek and Hebrew at the University of Virginia, August 4, 1856. In his second letter, June 23, 1857, Princeton, New Jersey, he shares his plans to sail for Europe in a week, where he will spend about a year to travel and study.","John Campbell writes in great detail about the settlement of the estate of the father of Samuel Lewis, the claims of Lewis for enslaved persons willed to him by his father and a reference to others captured by the British (during the War of 1812?) and the need to secure the future of \"Bushfield Plantation\" which will have to be sold.","Supplies the names of two merchant tailors, Charles H. Lane and William Tucker, that he had omitted in his previous letter (not present), for their legal claim against Mastin Davis?, that he is sending to Lewis.","John Armistead Carter writes to Lewis for help with business arrangements with tenants on his property near Lewis, especially in collecting the rent from Mr. Baker. This concern continues into his second letter, where he responds to the information sent to him by Lewis, but he also discusses the possible sale of one of his enslaved men, William, who is around 41 years old. William's enslaved brother, Enoch, is a few years older and belongs to E. Conway. Carter asks Lewis to tell him what he can get for him, if he can find a good master, as \"I would not sell him to the traders.\" ","He tries to cheer up Lewis in political matters, urging all leaders to promote education and express a sympathic attitude of helpfulness to the masses, with a regular and efficent system of government. He also writes about his religious views at length. Carter returns to political topics, declaring that he is not a candidate himself. Carter served in the Virginia House of Delegates both before and after the Civil War, representing the Loudoun district.","Carter, while declining to be a candidate for political office, expresses grave concern over the recent action by the United States, termed by him the \"rapid acquisition of foreign territory by the proclamation of our royal masters pro-consuls? What has become of the Constitution, and those who were so zealous in its defense?\" in his letter of December 10, 1846. ","In his letter, March 26, 1857, he protests the creation of abolitionist territories and states from public lands by Congress without reference to specific documents or acts, dates and the amounts of such lands transferred from the \"common treasury\" and the resulting disadvantages to the \"old states\" as a result. ","The third letter continues the discussion about the territories, their constitutions, and their eventual admission to the United States, his surprise over the recent election in Kansas on the slavery provision in their constitution, and the lack of interesting bills in the Legislature (1858 January 2).","Agrees with the apprehensive assessment of Lewis about the state of domestic relations in the United States and abroad but fears the worst situation is at home. He points to the \"spring occurrences in Kansas\" and fears that the consequences will be dire. He also believes that \"the North will send men, money and arms\" to Kansas to promote a \"bloody collision.\" Casey writes that he believes that the Martin Van Buren platform of 1848 laid the groundwork for the current state of things, interrupted briefly by the Compromise of 1850-1851. He believes that the only ones to benefit from the \"Know Nothing\" party will be the \"Black Republicans.\" He closes with personal regards and news.","Tells Lewis that the proposition contained in the last two letters from Lewis to him cannot be pushed through the General Assembly at the end of the session because almost everyone has gone home. A similar proposal faced opposition during the session. Claybrook says that Chairman Pendleton has promised to pursue it in the next session in the winter. He also refers to the passage of a bill in the House on March 4th concerning the escape of fugitive enslaved persons and \"the rights and disabilities of free negroes.\" Claybrook also writes in detail about the prospects of Millard Fillmore and other candidates for the Presidential election and disagrees with Lewis that the Union is in danger.","Davis agrees to take up the lawsuit of Carter v. Taylor, should the pending negotiations fail.","Dickinson represents two sisters, Mrs. Gray and Mrs. Bankhead, in the sale of three fourths of a tract of land in Caroline County. He writes to Daingerfield Lewis as the executor of George Lewis, who was owner of one of the fourths of the tract of land. He asks if Lewis will commit to a division of the tract or agree to a sale of the land as a unit and asks him to send written instructions in his role as the executor of George Lewis.","Asks for advice from Lewis on how to best present his proposal for the James River and Kanawha Canal before the Legislature in his first letter and thanks him for his advice in his second letter.","Edward Everett,  May 26, 1860, thanks Lewis for sending him one of George Washington's autograph letters which he terms \"a precious relic.\" With Everett's letter is a hand-written draft copy of G.W. Lewis' original letter, May 24, 1860, sent to Edward Everett when he mailed the Washington letter as an enclosure. In that letter, he expresses a great deal of appreciation for Everett's character and political career.","Benjamin Stoddert Ewell, president of William and Mary, writes concerning the college fees and progress of Robert Byrd Lewis, the son of George Washington Lewis, as a student at William and Mary.","Forbes is running for office as a Whig candidate against Mr. Holladay and attempts to explain to Lewis and other voters why he is speaking at the Spotsylvania Court House instead of the Westmoreland Court House. In his second letter, Forbes expresses his opposition to the Northern men who are trying to enforce their anti-slavery views in the Territories and using direct taxation upon enslaved persons to attempt to bring about the destruction of the practice of enslavement.","Declines to publish an article by Lewis in its present form which criticizes a sculpture by Horatio Greenough. Greenough was just recently deceased.","Godfrey requests any information about Captain George Lewis (1757-1821), an officer in the Commander-in-Chief's Guard, and his family, or a likeness or image of Lewis, for his book \"The Commander-in-Chief's Guard, Revolutionary War\" (1902); thanks her for allowing him to photograph the payroll of Captain Lewis' troop, which is the only one in existence and warns her about the need for its care, also sharing the interest of Mr. Ford, Library of Congress, in its purchase (January 8, 1903).","Encloses a letter (not present) from their mutual friend, Henry P. Irving of Richmond, Virginia, and expresses the hope of still meeting Lewis before leaving the county.","Despite his loss in the recent political contest, Goggin is thankful for the formation of new friendships and the renewal of old friendships, none more than his with Lewis.","Writes a detailed letter about the Lewis genealogy in the United States and explains why he cannot use her Lewis data in his book.","Expresses his concern that Lewis had not received his second letter containing the papers which he returned since nothing more could be done with them at his office and he was afraid he would misplace them (April 6, 1846). Hunter plans on sending a letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis with the valuable information that Lewis has sent. The Virginia generals expect the enemy to send troops from Fredericksburg to General George McClellan but will not know it until they receive the news through Lewis. He believes that McClellan is probably preparing for another effort but where he will re-organize his forces was a matter of doubt when Hunter left Richmond (July 8, 1862).","Provides a detailed list of historical authors to read and study for a good grasp of history, and an elementary work for law,  written to Lewis as a student at the University of Virginia.","Lewis wrote to Badger April 2, 1841, concerning his application to fill the Navy agent vacancy at Pensacola, Florida. His letter was accompanied by a petition signed by friends and supporters recommending Lewis for the job. ","Also present are  letters from individuals to either President Tyler or Secretary Badger, including John M. Botts, Thomas H. Botts, Thomas Miller, and William Henry Washington, all April 1841, and a letter to Lewis from Willoughby? Newton, April 24, 1841, indicating that he has also written to the President in support. ","Since the harvest has been so good, he asks Baylor to send a contribution to help the ladies' fund extricate the local neighborhood church from indebtedness.","These letters include a warning against homesickness while away at Mrs. McGuire's Boarding School, their closeness to her through letters and travel, and news of their community and friends (October 15, 1875); gives permission for her to come home at Christmas if Etta comes home as well (December 9, 1875); a discussion about her mistakes in letter writing and family news (March 28, 1876); sends money to pay for her washing while at school and expects her uncle Henry from Baltimore to visit (December 4, 1876); his uneasiness over her health and disparaging remarks about some Negroes who supposedly stole a large amount of bacon from his meat house (January 26, 1877); sends her money to pay for his subscription to a paper and hopes to see her at Easter (February 9, 1877); and sends rules for speaking and writing, several books for her studies and family news (October 11, 1877).","In this incomplete letter, Lewis asks whether the enslaved man William arrived home safely with the items he sent from Fredericksburg. He then reflects upon the distress of the family he left behind due to the long illness and sudden death of Betty Washington Lewis Ashton? (1816-1843) and the poor helpless infants she left behind. Lewis urges Jane to not  forget to renew the supply of provisions to the enslaved people at home and to send the enslaved man William to \"Claymont\" for a cart to bring the enslaved woman Aggy home. Lewis plans to hire her out when he comes home and asks if Fielding will hire her out for him before then if he can.","His first letter speaks of his plans to educate Louisa as well as her brothers (January 22, 1843); Lewis complains about the lack of letters from Louisa while he has been in Berkeley Springs and talks about the loss of both his wife Jane and son Sam during the summer, his sorrow, and his poor health (September 3, 1849); Lewis has returned to Washington from Bath Springs and gives an account of his travels and of the family around Washington (September 6, 1849); Lewis describes his visit to his son Tom, in his camp at Petersburg, Virginia,where he found his tent to be insufficient for winter. Lewis discusses his hope for Tom's transfer to Richmond, and his introduction of Tom to Senator Collier from Petersburg. Lewis is thankful they have heard from Byrd and that he is well, since the cavalry has undergone the heaviest fighting so far. He mentions the deaths of St. Tomas Tayloe and Captain Newton, shares all the news about General Lee's front that he knows, says that he doesn't expect a decisive campaign in northern Virginia this fall and fears the loss of Tennessee, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad and the South's saltworks. Also writes that the various quarrels between the Confederate generals could be disastrous and fears the rapid depreciation of Confederate money (October 20, 1863).","Lewis writes to Lucy while she is away visiting her mother and sister Eliza, mentions neighborhood news and refers to two enslaved servants, Brooks who is repairing the kitchen and Margaret who he has had difficulties hiring out (December 31, 1857); writing from the Richmond Senate chamber, Lewis tells of unfavorable news for the Confederacy, mentions the capture of Cumberland Gap, the burning of Bristol, the presence of seven regiments of cavalry, which were cutting off General Jones, forcing Lee to fall back to Richmond and leaving most of Virginia undefended. Lewis states that he may not be able to get home for a while and shares that the Legislature was busy drafting measures for defending the state, calling upon all men 45-60 to be enlisted, including physicians. He tells Lucy to plan on the safest place to stay should the enemy forces overrun the state (September 21, 1863). ","Lewis describes his visit to his son, Dr. Thomas Lewis, at White Post, Clarke County, for the recovery of his health, including the beauty of the Shenandoah Valley, his homesickness, meeting several persons including the Snowdens and Bishop Meade's family, his son's medical practice, his wife Maria and son, and his anxiety at not hearing from home (August 26 and September 2, 1872). ","Lewis describes a visit to Charlottesville where he was the oldest alumnus present, meeting his college friend, Governor Swann there. He mentions the speech of Senator Bayard of Delaware, dinner at Professor Minor's, the alumni dinner on the third where he sat with Johnson Barbour and heard many wonderful speakers, excepting the one by his friend Governor Swann who had previously enjoyed too much alcohol at Professor Mallet's. Professor Minor recalled Henry Byrd as a diligent student and Professor Socrates Maupin, who had served with Byrd in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, and also sent his regards (July 5, 1873).","Lewis writes to his son after a visit and says how much he misses him and Georgie, his only grandchild. Hopes that he will have a hand in his education when the time comes. States that his family is his chief comfort in old age.","Writes from \"Clifton Hill,\" Morganfield, Kentucky, as a young boy of family news (March 20, 1818); from White Sulphur Springs (January 28, 1822) and from \"Claymont\" as a grown man writing of the safe arrival of his Aunt Harriet (October 29, 1835).","Discusses in detail the recent Whig Convention and the need for the Northern part of the Whig party to honor the Compromise and enforce the laws concerning fugitive enslaved persons laws or have a different organization altogether. But Lewis also does not want to coalesce with the Democratic party. He feels that Fillmore would come the nearest of getting the Virginia vote.","Lewis thanks her for her beautiful New Year's gift.","Lewis discusses in detail the possibility of increasing Henry Clay's popularity in Virginia and other political details.","Henry writes a brief letter to his sister Louisa who is away at school and staying with the Millers, which includes a long postscript from George Washington Lewis to his daughter (March 28, 1846).Henry Lewis writes to George Washington Lewis from Camp Hooe? to acknowledge his father's letter and the sword that he sent him. Henry describes the life of a soldier while on duty guarding the Point, which is about six miles from Winsor, standing picket duty for 24 hours at a time and camping rough with only brush and planks as protection from the weather and subject to annoyance from ticks, chiggers, mosquitoes, and other insects. He also mentions the complaining in camp, lack of discipline in the ranks and lack of fortification with cannon on the Point. He mentions that he is part of the 47th Regiment under Lt. Colonel William Green,and he predicts a long and severe war (July 10, 1861).","Characterizes his most recent voyage as disagreeable and uninteresting. The purpose of the voyage was to transport Commodore Dallas to Chagres in New Granada, where he then made his way across the Isthmus of Panama to his new ship on the Pacific side, accompanied by Murat Willis. His ship remained in Chagres for two months and Lewis describes the area, its people of mixed ancestry, the long rainy season, unhealthy conditions, the presence of leprosy, and luxuriant vegetation. Later they sailed for Kingston, Jamaica, with English officers as passengers who showed them hospitality. Lord Elgin and Kincardine (1811-1863) was the Governor of the island. Afterwards they returned to Chagres and then home.","Henry H. Lewis writes concerning family genealogy and news. He also mentions his health issues and issues invitations to visit.","Jane Lewis writes to her daughter Louisa who is staying with her uncle Dr. Thomas Miller and Aunt Virginia Miller (1844) and William Miller (1846) while attending school in Washington. She includes news of the family and neighborhood.","Louisa Lewis writes her father concerning her tuiton bill at Mrs. I.H. Bure's? dated November 25, 1845.","\tNote on the letter says that Lucy was visiting her cousin Ella Waring at \"Malverne,\" Essex County, Virginia, while her father was in the Senate in Richmond. ","She regrets his worry over reports of the Yankee visit to their neighborhood while he was away. She assures him that the accounts were exaggerated and that the Yankees have departed after taking as many horses as they could capture, around sixty. Infantry were landed from gunboats which took off grain. \"They only had pickets posted at the forks of the roads above Claymont.\" She then gave him as much news about friends and family that she could.","He writes a practice letter as a child to his mother and mentions a visit from Mr. Burke and his own desire to go out hunting chestnuts.","She writes while he is away for schooling, praises him for his progress in learning and promises to send both her sons money when they have some.","Assures her mother that all are well after their arrival at Willis Hill a week ago but are anxious to hear how everyone is at Port Royal. She complains that she has not received any letters from the girls since their return from \"Albany.\" She mentions that John and Eliza go to school in town with Miss Judy Clark.","Thomas wishes his sister would come home since he misses her, mentions sickness in the family, schooling while at home, and news of friends and relatives. Includes a note from her father, George Washington Lewis as well (November 24, 1845).","A very long letter full of genealogical questions to answer and supplying some information about the Lewis family in the United States. Lewis noted on the letter that he answered it on May 10, 1858, referring him to Bishop Meade's book and John Minor.","Notifies him that his father, brother, and family arrived safely in good health, except for Major Lewis who is suffering from gout. He has delivered the enslaved man John to the recipient's brother Sam in Weedon Lick, Union County, Kentucky, according to the instructions in his letter. About the enslaved man John, Lewis writes \"John is very much averse to returning to Virginia. In fact, he says he had rather die than return.\" Because of this, the recipient's father has suggested that his brother Sam is willing to purchase him and send him enough money to buy another enslaved person to replace John.","Includes four letters, chiefly of a social nature, one from an Aunt Maria to Mrs. George W. Lewis (1845 November 9); one from a child describing school activities, signed with initials only (1877 December); \"Your loving sister Millie, Nestledown, to \"My dear Aunt Lou?, (1887 August 30); and Ella B. Waring?, Glencom?, to her cousin  (undated).","John [Tayloe] Lomax (1781-1862?) writes to President John Tyler, recommending George Washington Lewis to be the Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida (1841 April 22) and to George Washington Lewis about the inquiry of Lewis about the qualifications for Commonwealth's Attorney (1852 June 11 and July 13).","Marye sympathizes with his lament about the passing away of the former notable men in the legal profession and the loss of character among its participants, and corrects Lewis's misunderstanding about a point he made about manumission, recommending a pamphlet by John Howard of Richmond.","Lewis agrees with Matthews that the accusation that his friend Mr. Hunter gambled while attending at the March Court in Westmoreland County in order to give a speech was entirely false and furnishes his own recollection of the occasion.","Mayo thanks Lewis for his good opinion of his recently instituted newspaper, copies of which he had sent out as advertising to several of his friends in the Northern Neck area of Virginia.","Miller requests an autograph of George Washington for a friend, comments upon the lack of interesting bills before Congress, except for the Judiciary bill concerning the local district, and tells of meeting Lewis' daughter as part of the \"Marmion\" wedding party (January 1, 1855); shares his suggestion that Thomas, the son of George Washington Lewis, could work with him in the infirmary, putting up medicines and attending patients, and still attend to his studies for fifty dollars per annum (September 22, 1855); informs Lewis that due to the conditions at his school, Miller has advised Thomas Lewis to go to study at the medical school in Philadelphia right away and has loaned him the medical text books from his office, and he is to be accompanied by Ashton; he is also deeply distressed and mortified by William's behavior; and asks about politics in his area, mentioning several possible outcomes for the Presidential race (September 12, 1856).","Writes a condolence letter upon the death of Lucy's husband, George Washington Lewis.","Minor thanks him for the arrival of the books and analyzes an article that Lewis wrote for a newspaper. The quality of the article would have made it more appropriate for a Review and it would have been more appreciated (June 24, 1848). Minor also requests information about a legal case, Belfield vs Vickers, where Lewis represents the defendant (June 27, 1848). He also asks if he knows of an authoritative account of the family of George Washington (January 26, 1858 and undated). Minor sends Lewis information on how to request an insurance policy on his house (February 2, 1858).","Both men write for Lewis to support the \"Right of Way\" bill by writing letters to representatives in the Legislature.","Patton discusses the legal case Mcfarlane vs Smith involving the seizure of enslaved persons by Smith and Patton's lack of interest in politics (May 13, 1834); Patton's opinion in regard to a will (December 1, 1835); he expresses his willingness to apply for an appeal in the case referred to by Lewis, but he has not received any information about it (October 16, 1846); supplies information about the case, Young vs Johnson (January 27, 1854); and his opinion about the revival of suits of unlawful detainer in Tennent vs Pipers (July 22, incomplete letter).","Pendleton asks Lewis to support fellow Whig, James F. Matthew of Rappahannock for Speaker in the House of Delegates (September 1847). He also asks for Lewis' support if he is offered a position in the Foreign Diplomatic Service by the current Secretary of state (November 8, 1850).","Asks Lewis to come and visit him.","Rives thanks Lewis for his kind words about Rives' speech on the Tariff and the views of Lewis about national policy and the presidential election expressed in his letter; writes enthusiastically about Henry Clay, the Whig candidate for President; and the possible support of New York for Clay's election (1844 October 21); in a draft copy, Lewis writes to Rives, who is as one of the Visitors at the University of Virginia, recommending James C. Welling for the Chair of History and General Literature, with his qualifications (1856 December 8); while no longer a Visitor at the University of Virginia, Rives writes that he has placed the recommendation of Lewis, with his own support for Welling, before the Rector (1856 December 8).","Describes in great detail her visit to physicians in Philadelphia, their diagnosis of ovarian dropsy, her successful operation and recovery.","Asks Lewis to support his brother-in-law, Edward S. Joynes for the appointment of professor of Greek and Latin at William and Mary if Mr. Barnwell has indeed turned down the appointment.","The Virginia Whig state convention has just come to its conclusion, with Mr. Fillmore as the first choice of the majority instead of General Winfield Scott who had not come out in favor of \"the Compromise.\" The writer is afraid of a possible break with the northern branch of the Whig party due to their agitation against enslavement and support of \"free soil.\" (April 17, 1852); George Washington Lewis responds that he has been very busy with his court duties but has read and approves of all the resolutions. Lewis also hopes that the North will be \"compelled to execute the fugitive slave law faithfully and energetically\" and opposes any movement of the Virginia Whigs to unite with the Democrats (1852 May 7).","Recommends his nephew, Edwin Taliaferro, for the Chair of Modern Languages at William and Mary College, with his qualifications (1858 May 19) and Lewis, as the newest member of the Board of Visitors there, suggests having associates and friends from the Richmond area also forward recommendations on Taliaferro's behalf (1858 May 22).","Asks if Lewis will write editorials for his newspaper in return for free issues and discusses the upcoming Democratic? Convention in Baltimore, Maryland, with Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) as their speaker, to nominate a presidential candidate for the 1848? election.","Sheffey writes to Dangerfield Lewis and his brother, Samuel Lewis, concerning the possibility of recovering lands presently in the state of Kentucky patented to his father, George Lewis, for a fee. The lands had been forfeited due to non-payment of taxes.","Declines to interfere in the selection of clerks for the various bureaus under his authority, concerning the request by Colonel Hungerford for an appointment. Lewis had sent a recommendation for Hungerford to Stuart.","Stuart sends Jim, probably an enslaved worker who is anxious to see his family, to Lewis. Jim travels by horse due to the bad condition of the roads. He will delay his own visit, as his own children have the mumps. He also thanks Lewis for the speech he has sent for his boys to study when they are older.","Tayloe offers to read his essay before Lewis submits it to the Virginia State Agricultural Society for publication (October 14, 1854). He also discusses the date and concerns of an upcoming meeting of the Board of Visitors at William and Mary College (1858 May 21).","Includes two letters, the first from Alice Maria Lewis Wallace to her sister, \"Lulu\" Louise Lewis? (1873 November 24) and the second an undated draft of her letter to Captain Sooley? about Lewis family history.","If Lewis plans on attending the next Richmond County Court, Washington asks Lewis if he will take down the enclose bond of David B. Taylor and get the money from him. He also asks if Lewis will give an enclosed letter to Thomas S. Waugh which includes a check.","Washington describes his visit to Virginia with Mr. Turner and recalls pleasant memories involving Lewis. He also described the recent visit of Washington Irving to his home where Irving viewed several George Washington documents in his possession (1855 January 5). Regrets his illness has prevented his presence at a meeting with the Governor of Virginia to discuss the arrangements for \"embellishing\" the birthplace of George Washington and the tomb of his ancestors and a visit with Lewis at his home. He also requests on behalf of his friend, Mr. Turner, that Lewis give Turner the letter from George Washington to Turner's grandfather thanking him for a present of two pistols. In return, Washington promises to send Lewis a letter from Major George Lewis to his uncle, George Washington, endorsed on the back by Washington in his own hand (1858 May 10).","Washington forwards a letter from a woman to himself, in case Lewis can help her with information that he is unable to provide. The letter from the woman is not present.","Regrets that he is unable to attend the wedding of Lewis, due to pressing business in Washington (1856 May 9). Asks for Lewis' letter of support before the Board of Visitors in his nomination as Chair of Literature and History (1856 November 7) which draft copy is present (1856 November 27). Welling thanks Lewis for his support but has received word that the majority of the Board of Visitors support Professor Holmes for the position (1856 December 5); declines to publish his satiric piece on the Patent Office in \"The National Intelligencer\" for fear it will be used against Mr. Brown himself, urging his removal from office. He also noted that the \"Crittenden amendment\" prevailed in the House of Representatives on April 1st. (1858 March 31-April 1); thanks Lewis for his political piece that Welling will publish in tomorrow's paper and reveals that he is the author of the \"Calm Appeal\" addressed to the people of New Jersey and Pennsylvania about the political relations between North and South; mentions his distress at learning Dr. Wirt, Dabney Wirt and Mr. Wilson do not support the John Bell and Edward Everett Constitutional Union Party ticket (1860 August 24); and mentions the \"Peace Conference\" and his opinion of Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet members (1861 March 8).","Willis writes following the death of his wife, Mary W. Lewis Willis (1782-1834) about a guardianship for his son, Achille Murat Willis (1827-1908).","Commends his friend, William S. Pawson, Commission Merchant, Baltimore, to Lewis, as an experienced man of the highest respectability and standing, March 31, 1843, accompanying a letter from Pawson himself, June 22, 1843, explaining why he has not yet visited in person and that his chief area of business in Virginia was selling grain from the Eastern Shore.","Mary discusses the Civil War activity in her state of Kentucky where forces had already begun to break the neutrality established by the governor. She mentions hostile forces under Union General Johnson near Paducah, Kentucky and forces under Confederate General Leonidas Polk; the arrest of ex-Governor Charles S. Morehead and other prominent men; and the numbers of local men who have left the county to join the Confederate army. They have plenty of food but clothing and other goods are hard to get and they are making do with old clothes thought past mending. Mary has also sold eggs for the first time and bought a lamp made in Pittsburgh.","Lewis recorded, in an \"Richardson's Virginia and North Carolina Almanac for 1849,\" agricultural details, church services, weather, the death of his son, Sam, at 13 years on July 1, 1849, and his wife Jane, on July 31, 1849; He also noted that Thomas left for school at Mr. Cameron's at King George Courthouse in September and Harry to Rappahannock Academy in October. Also the printed portions listed judges and elected government officials.","This includes two financial documents; an engraving of \"Memorials of Washington\"; a torn printed page about George Washington; a copy of a news clipping about Lewis genealogy; a Civil War document granting permission for 48 hour leave to Captain? Lewis (December 28, 1864); a legal agreement between George Washington Lewis and Riley G. Samuel (March 16, 1874), for the recovery and sale of Green River land in Kentucky; a copy of a childhood poem by Alice Lewis; a writing by George Washington Lewis, giving his opinion about Lord Macauley and his work, to his daughter Alice; and a single used three-cent stamp featuring George Washington.","The memorandum discusses his lack of knowledge about the Spencer Estate in Great Britain. He also promises to send some of his printed essays for her scrapbook and closes with a postscript about the death of her Uncle, Fielding.","Photographs of the Lewis family include: Robert Byrd Lewis and his wife, Laura Louisa Parran Lewis; George Lewis (son of Dr. Thomas M. Lewis) and Alice Maria Lewis Wallace (daughter of GWL); Henry Howell Lewis (brother of GWL), copy made in 1966; Mrs. Oliver Funsten, Lucy Lewis (daughter of GWL), copy made in 1966; \"Claymont\" home of Judge George W. Lewis and family; Judge George Washington Lewis; Henry Bankhead Lewis (1831-1862) son of GWL; cartes-de-visite of Robert Byrd Lewis; Dr. Thomas M. Lewis (son of GWL), copy made in 1966. Also includes a photograph of the coat of arms and motto of the Lewis family.","Paper copies of photographs include one of \"Shellfield,\" home of Samuel Lewis and birthplace of George W. Lewis; \"Marmion,\" home of Daingerfield Lewis, King George County, Virginia, taken 1904 by Lucy Lewis Funsten; and a \"View from the front porch of \"Claymont,\" home of Judge George Washington Lewis, Westmoreland County, Virginia, taken by Lucy Lewis Funsten, July 1906.","This is a hand-written copy of a letter purporting to have been left by Jesus Christ sixty-five years after his crucifixion and found under a stone, 18 miles from Jerusalem. Judith W. Lewis sent this copy to her friend for inspirational purposes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Lewis, George Washington, 1804-1879"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":99,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_965"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1426","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1426#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Randolph family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1426#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection primarily contains correspondence of the Randolph family and Nicholas family. Several land title records are also present.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1426#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1426","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1426","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1426","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1426","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1426.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/147344","title_ssm":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill"],"unitdate_ssm":["1732-1860"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1732-1860"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 1397","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1426"],"text":["MSS 1397","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1426","Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia","The collection is open for research use.","The materials are arranged chronologically. Oversized items are listed at the end of the inventory.","The Randolph familiy of Virginia began with William Randolph, who emigrated from Warwickshire, England between 1669 and 1673. He was the great-grandfather of Thomas Jefferson. ","Martha Jefferson Randolph (eldest daughter of Thomas Jefferson) married her third cousin, Thomas Mann Randolph in 1790. Together they had eleven children, whom Martha educated at home. Martha was known for her keen intellect and would often assist her father with his affairs. Thomas became a botanist and served as a Virginia delegate, senator, governor, and congressman.","Edgehill was Martha and Thomas' Virginia plantation, and later the chief residence of their eldest son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph. Martha and Thomas inherited the land from Thomas' father and built their first home there in 1799. A second, larger house was built in 1828. The family also operated a girls' school on the plantation, called \"Edgehill School\" from 1836 to 1896.","Source: Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. monticello.org. Accessed 13 January 2023.","This collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Funding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.","The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library also holds the Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas (MS 5533).","The collection primarily contains correspondence of the Randolph family and Nicholas family. Several land title records are also present.","Materials in this collection, which were created in 1732-1860, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Randolph family","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 1397","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1426"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Randolph family"],"creator_ssim":["Randolph family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Randolph family"],"creators_ssim":["Randolph family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1732-1860, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["5.4 Cubic Feet 11 Hollinger document boxes and one oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["5.4 Cubic Feet 11 Hollinger document boxes and one oversize box"],"date_range_isim":[1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials are arranged chronologically. Oversized items are listed at the end of the inventory.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials are arranged chronologically. Oversized items are listed at the end of the inventory."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Randolph familiy of Virginia began with William Randolph, who emigrated from Warwickshire, England between 1669 and 1673. He was the great-grandfather of Thomas Jefferson. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMartha Jefferson Randolph (eldest daughter of Thomas Jefferson) married her third cousin, Thomas Mann Randolph in 1790. Together they had eleven children, whom Martha educated at home. Martha was known for her keen intellect and would often assist her father with his affairs. Thomas became a botanist and served as a Virginia delegate, senator, governor, and congressman.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdgehill was Martha and Thomas' Virginia plantation, and later the chief residence of their eldest son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph. Martha and Thomas inherited the land from Thomas' father and built their first home there in 1799. A second, larger house was built in 1828. The family also operated a girls' school on the plantation, called \"Edgehill School\" from 1836 to 1896.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. monticello.org. Accessed 13 January 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Randolph familiy of Virginia began with William Randolph, who emigrated from Warwickshire, England between 1669 and 1673. He was the great-grandfather of Thomas Jefferson. ","Martha Jefferson Randolph (eldest daughter of Thomas Jefferson) married her third cousin, Thomas Mann Randolph in 1790. Together they had eleven children, whom Martha educated at home. Martha was known for her keen intellect and would often assist her father with his affairs. Thomas became a botanist and served as a Virginia delegate, senator, governor, and congressman.","Edgehill was Martha and Thomas' Virginia plantation, and later the chief residence of their eldest son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph. Martha and Thomas inherited the land from Thomas' father and built their first home there in 1799. A second, larger house was built in 1828. The family also operated a girls' school on the plantation, called \"Edgehill School\" from 1836 to 1896.","Source: Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. monticello.org. Accessed 13 January 2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFunding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Funding"],"odd_tesim":["This collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Funding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, MSS 1397, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, MSS 1397, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library also holds the Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas (MS 5533).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library also holds the Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas (MS 5533)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection primarily contains correspondence of the Randolph family and Nicholas family. Several land title records are also present.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection primarily contains correspondence of the Randolph family and Nicholas family. Several land title records are also present."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection, which were created in 1732-1860, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1732-1860, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"names_coll_ssim":["Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Randolph family"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)"],"famname_ssim":["Randolph family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1011,"online_item_count_is":1004,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1426","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1426","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1426","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1426","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1426.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/147344","title_ssm":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill"],"unitdate_ssm":["1732-1860"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1732-1860"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 1397","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1426"],"text":["MSS 1397","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1426","Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia","The collection is open for research use.","The materials are arranged chronologically. Oversized items are listed at the end of the inventory.","The Randolph familiy of Virginia began with William Randolph, who emigrated from Warwickshire, England between 1669 and 1673. He was the great-grandfather of Thomas Jefferson. ","Martha Jefferson Randolph (eldest daughter of Thomas Jefferson) married her third cousin, Thomas Mann Randolph in 1790. Together they had eleven children, whom Martha educated at home. Martha was known for her keen intellect and would often assist her father with his affairs. Thomas became a botanist and served as a Virginia delegate, senator, governor, and congressman.","Edgehill was Martha and Thomas' Virginia plantation, and later the chief residence of their eldest son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph. Martha and Thomas inherited the land from Thomas' father and built their first home there in 1799. A second, larger house was built in 1828. The family also operated a girls' school on the plantation, called \"Edgehill School\" from 1836 to 1896.","Source: Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. monticello.org. Accessed 13 January 2023.","This collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Funding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.","The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library also holds the Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas (MS 5533).","The collection primarily contains correspondence of the Randolph family and Nicholas family. Several land title records are also present.","Materials in this collection, which were created in 1732-1860, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Randolph family","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 1397","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1426"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Randolph family"],"creator_ssim":["Randolph family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Randolph family"],"creators_ssim":["Randolph family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1732-1860, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["5.4 Cubic Feet 11 Hollinger document boxes and one oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["5.4 Cubic Feet 11 Hollinger document boxes and one oversize box"],"date_range_isim":[1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials are arranged chronologically. Oversized items are listed at the end of the inventory.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials are arranged chronologically. Oversized items are listed at the end of the inventory."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Randolph familiy of Virginia began with William Randolph, who emigrated from Warwickshire, England between 1669 and 1673. He was the great-grandfather of Thomas Jefferson. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMartha Jefferson Randolph (eldest daughter of Thomas Jefferson) married her third cousin, Thomas Mann Randolph in 1790. Together they had eleven children, whom Martha educated at home. Martha was known for her keen intellect and would often assist her father with his affairs. Thomas became a botanist and served as a Virginia delegate, senator, governor, and congressman.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdgehill was Martha and Thomas' Virginia plantation, and later the chief residence of their eldest son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph. Martha and Thomas inherited the land from Thomas' father and built their first home there in 1799. A second, larger house was built in 1828. The family also operated a girls' school on the plantation, called \"Edgehill School\" from 1836 to 1896.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. monticello.org. Accessed 13 January 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Randolph familiy of Virginia began with William Randolph, who emigrated from Warwickshire, England between 1669 and 1673. He was the great-grandfather of Thomas Jefferson. ","Martha Jefferson Randolph (eldest daughter of Thomas Jefferson) married her third cousin, Thomas Mann Randolph in 1790. Together they had eleven children, whom Martha educated at home. Martha was known for her keen intellect and would often assist her father with his affairs. Thomas became a botanist and served as a Virginia delegate, senator, governor, and congressman.","Edgehill was Martha and Thomas' Virginia plantation, and later the chief residence of their eldest son, Thomas Jefferson Randolph. Martha and Thomas inherited the land from Thomas' father and built their first home there in 1799. A second, larger house was built in 1828. The family also operated a girls' school on the plantation, called \"Edgehill School\" from 1836 to 1896.","Source: Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia. monticello.org. Accessed 13 January 2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFunding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Funding"],"odd_tesim":["This collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Funding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, MSS 1397, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, MSS 1397, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library also holds the Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas (MS 5533).\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library also holds the Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas (MS 5533)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection primarily contains correspondence of the Randolph family and Nicholas family. Several land title records are also present.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection primarily contains correspondence of the Randolph family and Nicholas family. Several land title records are also present."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection, which were created in 1732-1860, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1732-1860, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"names_coll_ssim":["Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Randolph family"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)"],"famname_ssim":["Randolph family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1011,"online_item_count_is":1004,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1426"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1395#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Randolph family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1395#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, (commonly called the Edgehill-Randolph Papers) and the Wilson Cary Nicholas papers, ca. 787 items (6 Hollinger boxes, 2.5 linear shelf feet), ca. 1765-1869, and undated.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1395#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1395.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/147346","title_filing_ssi":"Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas papers","title_ssm":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"unitdate_ssm":["1765-1869"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1765-1869"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 5533","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1395"],"text":["MSS 5533","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1395","Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia","The collection is open for research use.","The papers are arranged in three series:","Series: I) Wilson Cary Nicholas Papers\nSubseries A: Correspondence (Boxes 1-3)\nSubseries B: Financial, Legal, and Miscellaneous Papers (Boxes 3-4)\nSubseries C: Militia Papers (Box 4)","Series: II) Randolph Family Papers (Boxes 5-6)","Series: III) Drawings, Surveys, etc. (OS Edgehill-Randolph Box).","Wilson Cary Nicholas (January 31, 1761-October 10, 1820) was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate from 1799 to 1804 and was the Governor of Virginia 1814 to 1816. Nicholas was born in Williamsburg, Virginia where he attended the College of William and Mary. According to Nicholas's entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress , he served in the American Revolutionary War as commander of George Washington's Life Guard until the unit disbanded in 1783. This appears to be an error: his entry in American National Biography states that \"he commanded Virginia volunteer units from the fall of 1780 until the following fall, but there is no evidence that he was actually involved in battlefield action.\" He married Margaret Smith of Baltimore, Maryland, and settled at \"Warren\" in Albemarle County where he became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates 1784-1789 and a delegate to the ratifying convention of 1788 which approved the Federal Constitution.","Robert Carter Nicholas (1728-1780) was the nephew of Wilson Cary Nicholas and the son of Dr. George Nicholas and Elizabeth Carter Burwell Nicholas (widow of Nathaniel Burwell) of Williamsburg, Virginia. His father migrated to Virginia; his mother was the daughter of wealthy Virginia landowner, Robert \"King\" Carter of Corotoman . Born January 28, 1728/9, both parents were dead by 1734. He studied law at the College of William and Mary and practiced in the general court under the royal government. He served in the House of Burgesses, 1755-61 as the representative from York County, and from 1766-1775 as the representative of James City County, and was Treasurer for the colony of Virginia, 1766-1775. He was a member of the Virginia General Assembly from 1776 to 1778 and in 1779 was appointed to the high court of chancery. Nicholas married Anne Cary, daughter of Wilson Cary of Warwick County in 1751 and the couple had four daughters and six sons.","George Nicholas, born in Williamsburg about 1754, was the son of Robert Carter Nicholas, treasurer of Virginia from 1766 to 1776, and a great grandson of Robert \"King\" Carter. He attended the College of William and Mary and became a noted attorney. Nicholas was a lieutenant colonel in the Continental army but spent much of his time in Baltimore and did not participate in any significant engagements. During service in the House of Delegates in 1778-1779, 1781-1782, 1783, and from 1786 to 1788, the last three terms representing Albemarle County, Nicholas became friendly with James Madison. Elected to the Virginia Ratification Convention of 1788, Nicholas followed Madison's lead and spoke in favor of ratification of the proposed new Constitution. Soon after the convention, he moved west to Kentucky, where he had a distinguished career as an attorney, as a leading member of the Kentucky Constitutional Convention of 1792, and as the first attorney general of the state and professor of law at Transylvania University. Nicholas wrote important letters on western affairs to Madison and to Thomas Jefferson, which George Washington also read, and tried to convince the federal government to increase its military presence in the West to protect settlers from Indian incursions and to secure westerners' access to the Mississippi River. George Nicholas died in Lexington, Kentucky, on July 25, 1799.","Sources:\nRobert Carter Nicholas, Sr. (2009, September 8) In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 13:10, October 15, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Robert_Carter_Nicholas,_Sr.\u0026oldid=312497296","Library of Virginia website: http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/shaping_the_constitution/people/george_nicholas","This collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Funding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.","This record is made available under a Universal 1.0 Public Domain Dedication Creative Commons license. The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library of the University of Virginia makes its bibliographic records and the metadata contained therein available for public use under the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Designation.","The word \"slaves\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.","The word \"slave\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.","This collection consists of the papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, (commonly called the Edgehill-Randolph Papers) and the Wilson Cary Nicholas papers, ca. 787 items (6 Hollinger boxes, 2.5 linear shelf feet), ca. 1765-1869, and undated.","All items pertaining to Thomas Jefferson have been transferred to the Thomas Jefferson Papers and are described in the online Calendar of the Jefferson Papers of the University of Virginia: Multiple numbers. A search for \"5533\" should find all the Jefferson items formerly in this collection, almost 400 items.","Materials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Randolph family","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 5533","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1395"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Randolph family"],"creator_ssim":["Randolph family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Randolph family"],"creators_ssim":["Randolph family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was originally loaned to the University of Virginia Library Special Collections Department by Mrs. Page Kirk, Miss Olivia Taylor, and Miss Margaret Taylor, \"Lochlyn,\" Charlottesville, Virginia, on January 29, 1957. Shares held by the Misses Margaret and Olivia Taylor were bequeathed to Special Collections on March 25, 1986. The share held by Mrs. Kirk's daughter, Mrs. Mary Mann Moyer, was given to Special Collections on January 5, 1987."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 Cubic Feet 6 Hollinger document boxes and one oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 Cubic Feet 6 Hollinger document boxes and one oversize box"],"physfacet_tesim":["about 787 items"],"date_range_isim":[1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged in three series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries: I) Wilson Cary Nicholas Papers\nSubseries A: Correspondence (Boxes 1-3)\nSubseries B: Financial, Legal, and Miscellaneous Papers (Boxes 3-4)\nSubseries C: Militia Papers (Box 4)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries: II) Randolph Family Papers (Boxes 5-6)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries: III) Drawings, Surveys, etc. (OS Edgehill-Randolph Box).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged in three series:","Series: I) Wilson Cary Nicholas Papers\nSubseries A: Correspondence (Boxes 1-3)\nSubseries B: Financial, Legal, and Miscellaneous Papers (Boxes 3-4)\nSubseries C: Militia Papers (Box 4)","Series: II) Randolph Family Papers (Boxes 5-6)","Series: III) Drawings, Surveys, etc. (OS Edgehill-Randolph Box)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilson Cary Nicholas (January 31, 1761-October 10, 1820) was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate from 1799 to 1804 and was the Governor of Virginia 1814 to 1816. Nicholas was born in Williamsburg, Virginia where he attended the College of William and Mary. According to Nicholas's entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress , he served in the American Revolutionary War as commander of George Washington's Life Guard until the unit disbanded in 1783. This appears to be an error: his entry in American National Biography states that \"he commanded Virginia volunteer units from the fall of 1780 until the following fall, but there is no evidence that he was actually involved in battlefield action.\" He married Margaret Smith of Baltimore, Maryland, and settled at \"Warren\" in Albemarle County where he became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates 1784-1789 and a delegate to the ratifying convention of 1788 which approved the Federal Constitution.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobert Carter Nicholas (1728-1780) was the nephew of Wilson Cary Nicholas and the son of Dr. George Nicholas and Elizabeth Carter Burwell Nicholas (widow of Nathaniel Burwell) of Williamsburg, Virginia. His father migrated to Virginia; his mother was the daughter of wealthy Virginia landowner, Robert \"King\" Carter of Corotoman . Born January 28, 1728/9, both parents were dead by 1734. He studied law at the College of William and Mary and practiced in the general court under the royal government. He served in the House of Burgesses, 1755-61 as the representative from York County, and from 1766-1775 as the representative of James City County, and was Treasurer for the colony of Virginia, 1766-1775. He was a member of the Virginia General Assembly from 1776 to 1778 and in 1779 was appointed to the high court of chancery. Nicholas married Anne Cary, daughter of Wilson Cary of Warwick County in 1751 and the couple had four daughters and six sons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Nicholas, born in Williamsburg about 1754, was the son of Robert Carter Nicholas, treasurer of Virginia from 1766 to 1776, and a great grandson of Robert \"King\" Carter. He attended the College of William and Mary and became a noted attorney. Nicholas was a lieutenant colonel in the Continental army but spent much of his time in Baltimore and did not participate in any significant engagements. During service in the House of Delegates in 1778-1779, 1781-1782, 1783, and from 1786 to 1788, the last three terms representing Albemarle County, Nicholas became friendly with James Madison. Elected to the Virginia Ratification Convention of 1788, Nicholas followed Madison's lead and spoke in favor of ratification of the proposed new Constitution. Soon after the convention, he moved west to Kentucky, where he had a distinguished career as an attorney, as a leading member of the Kentucky Constitutional Convention of 1792, and as the first attorney general of the state and professor of law at Transylvania University. Nicholas wrote important letters on western affairs to Madison and to Thomas Jefferson, which George Washington also read, and tried to convince the federal government to increase its military presence in the West to protect settlers from Indian incursions and to secure westerners' access to the Mississippi River. George Nicholas died in Lexington, Kentucky, on July 25, 1799.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nRobert Carter Nicholas, Sr. (2009, September 8) In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 13:10, October 15, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Robert_Carter_Nicholas,_Sr.\u0026amp;oldid=312497296\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLibrary of Virginia website: http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/shaping_the_constitution/people/george_nicholas\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Wilson Cary Nicholas (January 31, 1761-October 10, 1820) was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate from 1799 to 1804 and was the Governor of Virginia 1814 to 1816. Nicholas was born in Williamsburg, Virginia where he attended the College of William and Mary. According to Nicholas's entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress , he served in the American Revolutionary War as commander of George Washington's Life Guard until the unit disbanded in 1783. This appears to be an error: his entry in American National Biography states that \"he commanded Virginia volunteer units from the fall of 1780 until the following fall, but there is no evidence that he was actually involved in battlefield action.\" He married Margaret Smith of Baltimore, Maryland, and settled at \"Warren\" in Albemarle County where he became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates 1784-1789 and a delegate to the ratifying convention of 1788 which approved the Federal Constitution.","Robert Carter Nicholas (1728-1780) was the nephew of Wilson Cary Nicholas and the son of Dr. George Nicholas and Elizabeth Carter Burwell Nicholas (widow of Nathaniel Burwell) of Williamsburg, Virginia. His father migrated to Virginia; his mother was the daughter of wealthy Virginia landowner, Robert \"King\" Carter of Corotoman . Born January 28, 1728/9, both parents were dead by 1734. He studied law at the College of William and Mary and practiced in the general court under the royal government. He served in the House of Burgesses, 1755-61 as the representative from York County, and from 1766-1775 as the representative of James City County, and was Treasurer for the colony of Virginia, 1766-1775. He was a member of the Virginia General Assembly from 1776 to 1778 and in 1779 was appointed to the high court of chancery. Nicholas married Anne Cary, daughter of Wilson Cary of Warwick County in 1751 and the couple had four daughters and six sons.","George Nicholas, born in Williamsburg about 1754, was the son of Robert Carter Nicholas, treasurer of Virginia from 1766 to 1776, and a great grandson of Robert \"King\" Carter. He attended the College of William and Mary and became a noted attorney. Nicholas was a lieutenant colonel in the Continental army but spent much of his time in Baltimore and did not participate in any significant engagements. During service in the House of Delegates in 1778-1779, 1781-1782, 1783, and from 1786 to 1788, the last three terms representing Albemarle County, Nicholas became friendly with James Madison. Elected to the Virginia Ratification Convention of 1788, Nicholas followed Madison's lead and spoke in favor of ratification of the proposed new Constitution. Soon after the convention, he moved west to Kentucky, where he had a distinguished career as an attorney, as a leading member of the Kentucky Constitutional Convention of 1792, and as the first attorney general of the state and professor of law at Transylvania University. Nicholas wrote important letters on western affairs to Madison and to Thomas Jefferson, which George Washington also read, and tried to convince the federal government to increase its military presence in the West to protect settlers from Indian incursions and to secure westerners' access to the Mississippi River. George Nicholas died in Lexington, Kentucky, on July 25, 1799.","Sources:\nRobert Carter Nicholas, Sr. (2009, September 8) In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 13:10, October 15, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Robert_Carter_Nicholas,_Sr.\u0026oldid=312497296","Library of Virginia website: http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/shaping_the_constitution/people/george_nicholas"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFunding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis record is made available under a Universal 1.0 Public Domain Dedication Creative Commons license. The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library of the University of Virginia makes its bibliographic records and the metadata contained therein available for public use under the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Designation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe word \"slaves\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe word \"slave\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Funding","Metadata Rights Declaration","Note:","Note:"],"odd_tesim":["This collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Funding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.","This record is made available under a Universal 1.0 Public Domain Dedication Creative Commons license. The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library of the University of Virginia makes its bibliographic records and the metadata contained therein available for public use under the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Designation.","The word \"slaves\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.","The word \"slave\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas, MSS 5533, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas, MSS 5533, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, (commonly called the Edgehill-Randolph Papers) and the Wilson Cary Nicholas papers, ca. 787 items (6 Hollinger boxes, 2.5 linear shelf feet), ca. 1765-1869, and undated.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, (commonly called the Edgehill-Randolph Papers) and the Wilson Cary Nicholas papers, ca. 787 items (6 Hollinger boxes, 2.5 linear shelf feet), ca. 1765-1869, and undated."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll items pertaining to Thomas Jefferson have been transferred to the Thomas Jefferson Papers and are described in the online Calendar of the Jefferson Papers of the University of Virginia: Multiple numbers. A search for \"5533\" should find all the Jefferson items formerly in this collection, almost 400 items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["All items pertaining to Thomas Jefferson have been transferred to the Thomas Jefferson Papers and are described in the online Calendar of the Jefferson Papers of the University of Virginia: Multiple numbers. A search for \"5533\" should find all the Jefferson items formerly in this collection, almost 400 items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"names_coll_ssim":["Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Randolph family","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)"],"famname_ssim":["Randolph family"],"persname_ssim":["Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":653,"online_item_count_is":646,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1395","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1395.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/147346","title_filing_ssi":"Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas papers","title_ssm":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"unitdate_ssm":["1765-1869"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1765-1869"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 5533","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1395"],"text":["MSS 5533","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1395","Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia","The collection is open for research use.","The papers are arranged in three series:","Series: I) Wilson Cary Nicholas Papers\nSubseries A: Correspondence (Boxes 1-3)\nSubseries B: Financial, Legal, and Miscellaneous Papers (Boxes 3-4)\nSubseries C: Militia Papers (Box 4)","Series: II) Randolph Family Papers (Boxes 5-6)","Series: III) Drawings, Surveys, etc. (OS Edgehill-Randolph Box).","Wilson Cary Nicholas (January 31, 1761-October 10, 1820) was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate from 1799 to 1804 and was the Governor of Virginia 1814 to 1816. Nicholas was born in Williamsburg, Virginia where he attended the College of William and Mary. According to Nicholas's entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress , he served in the American Revolutionary War as commander of George Washington's Life Guard until the unit disbanded in 1783. This appears to be an error: his entry in American National Biography states that \"he commanded Virginia volunteer units from the fall of 1780 until the following fall, but there is no evidence that he was actually involved in battlefield action.\" He married Margaret Smith of Baltimore, Maryland, and settled at \"Warren\" in Albemarle County where he became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates 1784-1789 and a delegate to the ratifying convention of 1788 which approved the Federal Constitution.","Robert Carter Nicholas (1728-1780) was the nephew of Wilson Cary Nicholas and the son of Dr. George Nicholas and Elizabeth Carter Burwell Nicholas (widow of Nathaniel Burwell) of Williamsburg, Virginia. His father migrated to Virginia; his mother was the daughter of wealthy Virginia landowner, Robert \"King\" Carter of Corotoman . Born January 28, 1728/9, both parents were dead by 1734. He studied law at the College of William and Mary and practiced in the general court under the royal government. He served in the House of Burgesses, 1755-61 as the representative from York County, and from 1766-1775 as the representative of James City County, and was Treasurer for the colony of Virginia, 1766-1775. He was a member of the Virginia General Assembly from 1776 to 1778 and in 1779 was appointed to the high court of chancery. Nicholas married Anne Cary, daughter of Wilson Cary of Warwick County in 1751 and the couple had four daughters and six sons.","George Nicholas, born in Williamsburg about 1754, was the son of Robert Carter Nicholas, treasurer of Virginia from 1766 to 1776, and a great grandson of Robert \"King\" Carter. He attended the College of William and Mary and became a noted attorney. Nicholas was a lieutenant colonel in the Continental army but spent much of his time in Baltimore and did not participate in any significant engagements. During service in the House of Delegates in 1778-1779, 1781-1782, 1783, and from 1786 to 1788, the last three terms representing Albemarle County, Nicholas became friendly with James Madison. Elected to the Virginia Ratification Convention of 1788, Nicholas followed Madison's lead and spoke in favor of ratification of the proposed new Constitution. Soon after the convention, he moved west to Kentucky, where he had a distinguished career as an attorney, as a leading member of the Kentucky Constitutional Convention of 1792, and as the first attorney general of the state and professor of law at Transylvania University. Nicholas wrote important letters on western affairs to Madison and to Thomas Jefferson, which George Washington also read, and tried to convince the federal government to increase its military presence in the West to protect settlers from Indian incursions and to secure westerners' access to the Mississippi River. George Nicholas died in Lexington, Kentucky, on July 25, 1799.","Sources:\nRobert Carter Nicholas, Sr. (2009, September 8) In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 13:10, October 15, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Robert_Carter_Nicholas,_Sr.\u0026oldid=312497296","Library of Virginia website: http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/shaping_the_constitution/people/george_nicholas","This collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Funding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.","This record is made available under a Universal 1.0 Public Domain Dedication Creative Commons license. The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library of the University of Virginia makes its bibliographic records and the metadata contained therein available for public use under the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Designation.","The word \"slaves\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.","The word \"slave\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.","This collection consists of the papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, (commonly called the Edgehill-Randolph Papers) and the Wilson Cary Nicholas papers, ca. 787 items (6 Hollinger boxes, 2.5 linear shelf feet), ca. 1765-1869, and undated.","All items pertaining to Thomas Jefferson have been transferred to the Thomas Jefferson Papers and are described in the online Calendar of the Jefferson Papers of the University of Virginia: Multiple numbers. A search for \"5533\" should find all the Jefferson items formerly in this collection, almost 400 items.","Materials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Randolph family","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 5533","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1395"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Randolph family"],"creator_ssim":["Randolph family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Randolph family"],"creators_ssim":["Randolph family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was originally loaned to the University of Virginia Library Special Collections Department by Mrs. Page Kirk, Miss Olivia Taylor, and Miss Margaret Taylor, \"Lochlyn,\" Charlottesville, Virginia, on January 29, 1957. Shares held by the Misses Margaret and Olivia Taylor were bequeathed to Special Collections on March 25, 1986. The share held by Mrs. Kirk's daughter, Mrs. Mary Mann Moyer, was given to Special Collections on January 5, 1987."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 Cubic Feet 6 Hollinger document boxes and one oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 Cubic Feet 6 Hollinger document boxes and one oversize box"],"physfacet_tesim":["about 787 items"],"date_range_isim":[1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged in three series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries: I) Wilson Cary Nicholas Papers\nSubseries A: Correspondence (Boxes 1-3)\nSubseries B: Financial, Legal, and Miscellaneous Papers (Boxes 3-4)\nSubseries C: Militia Papers (Box 4)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries: II) Randolph Family Papers (Boxes 5-6)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries: III) Drawings, Surveys, etc. (OS Edgehill-Randolph Box).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged in three series:","Series: I) Wilson Cary Nicholas Papers\nSubseries A: Correspondence (Boxes 1-3)\nSubseries B: Financial, Legal, and Miscellaneous Papers (Boxes 3-4)\nSubseries C: Militia Papers (Box 4)","Series: II) Randolph Family Papers (Boxes 5-6)","Series: III) Drawings, Surveys, etc. (OS Edgehill-Randolph Box)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilson Cary Nicholas (January 31, 1761-October 10, 1820) was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate from 1799 to 1804 and was the Governor of Virginia 1814 to 1816. Nicholas was born in Williamsburg, Virginia where he attended the College of William and Mary. According to Nicholas's entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress , he served in the American Revolutionary War as commander of George Washington's Life Guard until the unit disbanded in 1783. This appears to be an error: his entry in American National Biography states that \"he commanded Virginia volunteer units from the fall of 1780 until the following fall, but there is no evidence that he was actually involved in battlefield action.\" He married Margaret Smith of Baltimore, Maryland, and settled at \"Warren\" in Albemarle County where he became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates 1784-1789 and a delegate to the ratifying convention of 1788 which approved the Federal Constitution.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobert Carter Nicholas (1728-1780) was the nephew of Wilson Cary Nicholas and the son of Dr. George Nicholas and Elizabeth Carter Burwell Nicholas (widow of Nathaniel Burwell) of Williamsburg, Virginia. His father migrated to Virginia; his mother was the daughter of wealthy Virginia landowner, Robert \"King\" Carter of Corotoman . Born January 28, 1728/9, both parents were dead by 1734. He studied law at the College of William and Mary and practiced in the general court under the royal government. He served in the House of Burgesses, 1755-61 as the representative from York County, and from 1766-1775 as the representative of James City County, and was Treasurer for the colony of Virginia, 1766-1775. He was a member of the Virginia General Assembly from 1776 to 1778 and in 1779 was appointed to the high court of chancery. Nicholas married Anne Cary, daughter of Wilson Cary of Warwick County in 1751 and the couple had four daughters and six sons.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Nicholas, born in Williamsburg about 1754, was the son of Robert Carter Nicholas, treasurer of Virginia from 1766 to 1776, and a great grandson of Robert \"King\" Carter. He attended the College of William and Mary and became a noted attorney. Nicholas was a lieutenant colonel in the Continental army but spent much of his time in Baltimore and did not participate in any significant engagements. During service in the House of Delegates in 1778-1779, 1781-1782, 1783, and from 1786 to 1788, the last three terms representing Albemarle County, Nicholas became friendly with James Madison. Elected to the Virginia Ratification Convention of 1788, Nicholas followed Madison's lead and spoke in favor of ratification of the proposed new Constitution. Soon after the convention, he moved west to Kentucky, where he had a distinguished career as an attorney, as a leading member of the Kentucky Constitutional Convention of 1792, and as the first attorney general of the state and professor of law at Transylvania University. Nicholas wrote important letters on western affairs to Madison and to Thomas Jefferson, which George Washington also read, and tried to convince the federal government to increase its military presence in the West to protect settlers from Indian incursions and to secure westerners' access to the Mississippi River. George Nicholas died in Lexington, Kentucky, on July 25, 1799.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nRobert Carter Nicholas, Sr. (2009, September 8) In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 13:10, October 15, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Robert_Carter_Nicholas,_Sr.\u0026amp;oldid=312497296\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLibrary of Virginia website: http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/shaping_the_constitution/people/george_nicholas\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Wilson Cary Nicholas (January 31, 1761-October 10, 1820) was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate from 1799 to 1804 and was the Governor of Virginia 1814 to 1816. Nicholas was born in Williamsburg, Virginia where he attended the College of William and Mary. According to Nicholas's entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress , he served in the American Revolutionary War as commander of George Washington's Life Guard until the unit disbanded in 1783. This appears to be an error: his entry in American National Biography states that \"he commanded Virginia volunteer units from the fall of 1780 until the following fall, but there is no evidence that he was actually involved in battlefield action.\" He married Margaret Smith of Baltimore, Maryland, and settled at \"Warren\" in Albemarle County where he became a member of the Virginia House of Delegates 1784-1789 and a delegate to the ratifying convention of 1788 which approved the Federal Constitution.","Robert Carter Nicholas (1728-1780) was the nephew of Wilson Cary Nicholas and the son of Dr. George Nicholas and Elizabeth Carter Burwell Nicholas (widow of Nathaniel Burwell) of Williamsburg, Virginia. His father migrated to Virginia; his mother was the daughter of wealthy Virginia landowner, Robert \"King\" Carter of Corotoman . Born January 28, 1728/9, both parents were dead by 1734. He studied law at the College of William and Mary and practiced in the general court under the royal government. He served in the House of Burgesses, 1755-61 as the representative from York County, and from 1766-1775 as the representative of James City County, and was Treasurer for the colony of Virginia, 1766-1775. He was a member of the Virginia General Assembly from 1776 to 1778 and in 1779 was appointed to the high court of chancery. Nicholas married Anne Cary, daughter of Wilson Cary of Warwick County in 1751 and the couple had four daughters and six sons.","George Nicholas, born in Williamsburg about 1754, was the son of Robert Carter Nicholas, treasurer of Virginia from 1766 to 1776, and a great grandson of Robert \"King\" Carter. He attended the College of William and Mary and became a noted attorney. Nicholas was a lieutenant colonel in the Continental army but spent much of his time in Baltimore and did not participate in any significant engagements. During service in the House of Delegates in 1778-1779, 1781-1782, 1783, and from 1786 to 1788, the last three terms representing Albemarle County, Nicholas became friendly with James Madison. Elected to the Virginia Ratification Convention of 1788, Nicholas followed Madison's lead and spoke in favor of ratification of the proposed new Constitution. Soon after the convention, he moved west to Kentucky, where he had a distinguished career as an attorney, as a leading member of the Kentucky Constitutional Convention of 1792, and as the first attorney general of the state and professor of law at Transylvania University. Nicholas wrote important letters on western affairs to Madison and to Thomas Jefferson, which George Washington also read, and tried to convince the federal government to increase its military presence in the West to protect settlers from Indian incursions and to secure westerners' access to the Mississippi River. George Nicholas died in Lexington, Kentucky, on July 25, 1799.","Sources:\nRobert Carter Nicholas, Sr. (2009, September 8) In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 13:10, October 15, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Robert_Carter_Nicholas,_Sr.\u0026oldid=312497296","Library of Virginia website: http://www.virginiamemory.com/online_classroom/shaping_the_constitution/people/george_nicholas"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFunding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis record is made available under a Universal 1.0 Public Domain Dedication Creative Commons license. The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library of the University of Virginia makes its bibliographic records and the metadata contained therein available for public use under the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Designation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe word \"slaves\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe word \"slave\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Funding","Metadata Rights Declaration","Note:","Note:"],"odd_tesim":["This collection contains material which discusses enslavement and may contain racist language. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Funding for enhanced description and digitization of this collection was graciously provided by John C.R. Taylor, III.","This record is made available under a Universal 1.0 Public Domain Dedication Creative Commons license. The Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library of the University of Virginia makes its bibliographic records and the metadata contained therein available for public use under the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Designation.","The word \"slaves\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document.","The word \"slave\" has been retained in this case because it is in the title of the document."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas, MSS 5533, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas, MSS 5533, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, (commonly called the Edgehill-Randolph Papers) and the Wilson Cary Nicholas papers, ca. 787 items (6 Hollinger boxes, 2.5 linear shelf feet), ca. 1765-1869, and undated.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill, (commonly called the Edgehill-Randolph Papers) and the Wilson Cary Nicholas papers, ca. 787 items (6 Hollinger boxes, 2.5 linear shelf feet), ca. 1765-1869, and undated."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll items pertaining to Thomas Jefferson have been transferred to the Thomas Jefferson Papers and are described in the online Calendar of the Jefferson Papers of the University of Virginia: Multiple numbers. A search for \"5533\" should find all the Jefferson items formerly in this collection, almost 400 items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["All items pertaining to Thomas Jefferson have been transferred to the Thomas Jefferson Papers and are described in the online Calendar of the Jefferson Papers of the University of Virginia: Multiple numbers. A search for \"5533\" should find all the Jefferson items formerly in this collection, almost 400 items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1765-1869, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"names_coll_ssim":["Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)","Randolph family","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Edgehill (Albemarle County, Va. : Estate)"],"famname_ssim":["Randolph family"],"persname_ssim":["Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":653,"online_item_count_is":646,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1395"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1883","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1883#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Massie, William, 1795-1862","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1883#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two bound volumes of record books from the Massie family of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1883#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1883","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1883","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1883","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1883","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1883.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241082","title_filing_ssi":"Massie Family, Enslaved Persons Books","title_ssm":["Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family"],"title_tesim":["Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family"],"unitdate_ssm":["1823-1863"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1863"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12705","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1883"],"text":["MSS 12705","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1883","Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family","Enslaved persons--Social conditions","Nelson County (Va.) -- History","Slaves -- Virginia","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","Plantation life -- Virginia","registers (lists)","The collection is open for research use.","Thomas Massie (1747-1834) was a Revolutionary War officer, plantation owner, and enslaver, who established his family in Nelson County, Virginia. ","William Massie (1795-1862), the son of Thomas Massie, was a plantation owner, miller, and enslaver in Nelson County, Virginia. He also served a term in the Virginia legislature.","This collection contains two bound volumes of record books from the Massie family of Virginia.","The cover of the first volume bears the handwritten label \"Stock Book, Va. Negroes Ages [?] from 1739.\" This volume contains information on enslaved people claimed in ownership by the family, giving name, parentage, date of birth and occasionally status (deceased, sold). The oldest enslaved person recorded was born in 1739. In a few instances, fathers are listed as well as mothers. The volume also lists stock, and farm tools, owned in the years 1783, 1785, 1786, 1789, 1790, and 1793. Most of the information in the volume appears to be compiled from sources not now present.","The cover of the second volume bears the handwritten label \"Negro Book,\" a list of years from 1851 to 1858, and includes an outline drawing of two individuals with short, curly hair. The illustration was likely created to represent the people documented within, though the drawing may reflect the racial attitudes of that time. The second volume dates 1850-1863, contains accounts of individual enslaved persons, and identifies the person who claimed ownership of them. Enslaved people received credit for extra work or work done for people outside the Massie family. Purchases made by enslaved people against their earnings include food, clothing and whiskey. Of interest are accounts for skilled workers including William, a cooper, Brock, Edmund and Julius, blacksmiths, and Squire and Dan, carpenters.","The Massie family plantations were named Level Green, Pharsalia, Tyro and Montebello.","This material contains offensive or harmful language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Materials in this collection, which were created in 1823-1863, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Massie, William, 1795-1862","Massie, Thomas, Major, 1747-1834","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12705","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1883"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family"],"collection_title_tesim":["Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family"],"collection_ssim":["Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Enslaved persons--Social conditions"],"geogname_ssim":["Enslaved persons--Social conditions"],"creator_ssm":["Massie, William, 1795-1862","Massie, Thomas, Major, 1747-1834"],"creator_ssim":["Massie, William, 1795-1862","Massie, Thomas, Major, 1747-1834"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Massie, William, 1795-1862","Massie, Thomas, Major, 1747-1834"],"creators_ssim":["Massie, William, 1795-1862","Massie, Thomas, Major, 1747-1834"],"places_ssim":["Enslaved persons--Social conditions"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1823-1863, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Nelson County (Va.) -- History","Slaves -- Virginia","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","Plantation life -- Virginia","registers (lists)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Nelson County (Va.) -- History","Slaves -- Virginia","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","Plantation life -- Virginia","registers (lists)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["2 Volumes"],"extent_tesim":["2 Volumes"],"genreform_ssim":["registers (lists)"],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Massie (1747-1834) was a Revolutionary War officer, plantation owner, and enslaver, who established his family in Nelson County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Massie (1795-1862), the son of Thomas Massie, was a plantation owner, miller, and enslaver in Nelson County, Virginia. He also served a term in the Virginia legislature.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Massie (1747-1834) was a Revolutionary War officer, plantation owner, and enslaver, who established his family in Nelson County, Virginia. ","William Massie (1795-1862), the son of Thomas Massie, was a plantation owner, miller, and enslaver in Nelson County, Virginia. He also served a term in the Virginia legislature."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12705, Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12705, Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two bound volumes of record books from the Massie family of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe cover of the first volume bears the handwritten label \"Stock Book, Va. Negroes Ages [?] from 1739.\" This volume contains information on enslaved people claimed in ownership by the family, giving name, parentage, date of birth and occasionally status (deceased, sold). The oldest enslaved person recorded was born in 1739. In a few instances, fathers are listed as well as mothers. The volume also lists stock, and farm tools, owned in the years 1783, 1785, 1786, 1789, 1790, and 1793. Most of the information in the volume appears to be compiled from sources not now present.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe cover of the second volume bears the handwritten label \"Negro Book,\" a list of years from 1851 to 1858, and includes an outline drawing of two individuals with short, curly hair. The illustration was likely created to represent the people documented within, though the drawing may reflect the racial attitudes of that time. The second volume dates 1850-1863, contains accounts of individual enslaved persons, and identifies the person who claimed ownership of them. Enslaved people received credit for extra work or work done for people outside the Massie family. Purchases made by enslaved people against their earnings include food, clothing and whiskey. Of interest are accounts for skilled workers including William, a cooper, Brock, Edmund and Julius, blacksmiths, and Squire and Dan, carpenters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Massie family plantations were named Level Green, Pharsalia, Tyro and Montebello.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material contains offensive or harmful language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","CONTENT WARNING"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains two bound volumes of record books from the Massie family of Virginia.","The cover of the first volume bears the handwritten label \"Stock Book, Va. Negroes Ages [?] from 1739.\" This volume contains information on enslaved people claimed in ownership by the family, giving name, parentage, date of birth and occasionally status (deceased, sold). The oldest enslaved person recorded was born in 1739. In a few instances, fathers are listed as well as mothers. The volume also lists stock, and farm tools, owned in the years 1783, 1785, 1786, 1789, 1790, and 1793. Most of the information in the volume appears to be compiled from sources not now present.","The cover of the second volume bears the handwritten label \"Negro Book,\" a list of years from 1851 to 1858, and includes an outline drawing of two individuals with short, curly hair. The illustration was likely created to represent the people documented within, though the drawing may reflect the racial attitudes of that time. The second volume dates 1850-1863, contains accounts of individual enslaved persons, and identifies the person who claimed ownership of them. Enslaved people received credit for extra work or work done for people outside the Massie family. Purchases made by enslaved people against their earnings include food, clothing and whiskey. Of interest are accounts for skilled workers including William, a cooper, Brock, Edmund and Julius, blacksmiths, and Squire and Dan, carpenters.","The Massie family plantations were named Level Green, Pharsalia, Tyro and Montebello.","This material contains offensive or harmful language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection, which were created in 1823-1863, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1823-1863, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Massie, William, 1795-1862","Massie, Thomas, Major, 1747-1834"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Massie, William, 1795-1862","Massie, Thomas, Major, 1747-1834"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1883","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1883","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1883","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1883","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1883.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241082","title_filing_ssi":"Massie Family, Enslaved Persons Books","title_ssm":["Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family"],"title_tesim":["Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family"],"unitdate_ssm":["1823-1863"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1863"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12705","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1883"],"text":["MSS 12705","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1883","Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family","Enslaved persons--Social conditions","Nelson County (Va.) -- History","Slaves -- Virginia","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","Plantation life -- Virginia","registers (lists)","The collection is open for research use.","Thomas Massie (1747-1834) was a Revolutionary War officer, plantation owner, and enslaver, who established his family in Nelson County, Virginia. ","William Massie (1795-1862), the son of Thomas Massie, was a plantation owner, miller, and enslaver in Nelson County, Virginia. He also served a term in the Virginia legislature.","This collection contains two bound volumes of record books from the Massie family of Virginia.","The cover of the first volume bears the handwritten label \"Stock Book, Va. Negroes Ages [?] from 1739.\" This volume contains information on enslaved people claimed in ownership by the family, giving name, parentage, date of birth and occasionally status (deceased, sold). The oldest enslaved person recorded was born in 1739. In a few instances, fathers are listed as well as mothers. The volume also lists stock, and farm tools, owned in the years 1783, 1785, 1786, 1789, 1790, and 1793. Most of the information in the volume appears to be compiled from sources not now present.","The cover of the second volume bears the handwritten label \"Negro Book,\" a list of years from 1851 to 1858, and includes an outline drawing of two individuals with short, curly hair. The illustration was likely created to represent the people documented within, though the drawing may reflect the racial attitudes of that time. The second volume dates 1850-1863, contains accounts of individual enslaved persons, and identifies the person who claimed ownership of them. Enslaved people received credit for extra work or work done for people outside the Massie family. Purchases made by enslaved people against their earnings include food, clothing and whiskey. Of interest are accounts for skilled workers including William, a cooper, Brock, Edmund and Julius, blacksmiths, and Squire and Dan, carpenters.","The Massie family plantations were named Level Green, Pharsalia, Tyro and Montebello.","This material contains offensive or harmful language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Materials in this collection, which were created in 1823-1863, are in the public domain. Permission to publish or reproduce is not required.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Massie, William, 1795-1862","Massie, Thomas, Major, 1747-1834","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12705","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1883"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family"],"collection_title_tesim":["Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family"],"collection_ssim":["Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Enslaved persons--Social conditions"],"geogname_ssim":["Enslaved persons--Social conditions"],"creator_ssm":["Massie, William, 1795-1862","Massie, Thomas, Major, 1747-1834"],"creator_ssim":["Massie, William, 1795-1862","Massie, Thomas, Major, 1747-1834"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Massie, William, 1795-1862","Massie, Thomas, Major, 1747-1834"],"creators_ssim":["Massie, William, 1795-1862","Massie, Thomas, Major, 1747-1834"],"places_ssim":["Enslaved persons--Social conditions"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials in this collection, which were created in 1823-1863, are in the public domain. 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He also served a term in the Virginia legislature.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Massie (1747-1834) was a Revolutionary War officer, plantation owner, and enslaver, who established his family in Nelson County, Virginia. ","William Massie (1795-1862), the son of Thomas Massie, was a plantation owner, miller, and enslaver in Nelson County, Virginia. He also served a term in the Virginia legislature."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12705, Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12705, Record Book Listing of Enslaved People of the Massie Family, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two bound volumes of record books from the Massie family of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe cover of the first volume bears the handwritten label \"Stock Book, Va. Negroes Ages [?] from 1739.\" This volume contains information on enslaved people claimed in ownership by the family, giving name, parentage, date of birth and occasionally status (deceased, sold). The oldest enslaved person recorded was born in 1739. In a few instances, fathers are listed as well as mothers. The volume also lists stock, and farm tools, owned in the years 1783, 1785, 1786, 1789, 1790, and 1793. Most of the information in the volume appears to be compiled from sources not now present.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe cover of the second volume bears the handwritten label \"Negro Book,\" a list of years from 1851 to 1858, and includes an outline drawing of two individuals with short, curly hair. The illustration was likely created to represent the people documented within, though the drawing may reflect the racial attitudes of that time. The second volume dates 1850-1863, contains accounts of individual enslaved persons, and identifies the person who claimed ownership of them. Enslaved people received credit for extra work or work done for people outside the Massie family. Purchases made by enslaved people against their earnings include food, clothing and whiskey. Of interest are accounts for skilled workers including William, a cooper, Brock, Edmund and Julius, blacksmiths, and Squire and Dan, carpenters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Massie family plantations were named Level Green, Pharsalia, Tyro and Montebello.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material contains offensive or harmful language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","CONTENT WARNING"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains two bound volumes of record books from the Massie family of Virginia.","The cover of the first volume bears the handwritten label \"Stock Book, Va. Negroes Ages [?] from 1739.\" This volume contains information on enslaved people claimed in ownership by the family, giving name, parentage, date of birth and occasionally status (deceased, sold). The oldest enslaved person recorded was born in 1739. In a few instances, fathers are listed as well as mothers. The volume also lists stock, and farm tools, owned in the years 1783, 1785, 1786, 1789, 1790, and 1793. Most of the information in the volume appears to be compiled from sources not now present.","The cover of the second volume bears the handwritten label \"Negro Book,\" a list of years from 1851 to 1858, and includes an outline drawing of two individuals with short, curly hair. The illustration was likely created to represent the people documented within, though the drawing may reflect the racial attitudes of that time. The second volume dates 1850-1863, contains accounts of individual enslaved persons, and identifies the person who claimed ownership of them. Enslaved people received credit for extra work or work done for people outside the Massie family. Purchases made by enslaved people against their earnings include food, clothing and whiskey. Of interest are accounts for skilled workers including William, a cooper, Brock, Edmund and Julius, blacksmiths, and Squire and Dan, carpenters.","The Massie family plantations were named Level Green, Pharsalia, Tyro and Montebello.","This material contains offensive or harmful language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection, which were created in 1823-1863, are in the public domain. 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Permission to publish or reproduce is not required."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Massie, William, 1795-1862","Massie, Thomas, Major, 1747-1834"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Massie, William, 1795-1862","Massie, Thomas, Major, 1747-1834"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1883"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_834","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Scott and Gunnell family papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_834#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Scott , Richard Marshall, Sr., 1769-1833","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_834#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of bound volumes, journals, daybooks, and notebooks belonging to John Scott, Richard Marshall Scott,Sr., Richard Marshall Scott,Jr., James L. Gunnell, and Dr. Francis M. Gunnell, and a photograph album belonging to Sarah Louise Rittenhouse. Other materials include printed articles about the Bush Hill plantation,a copy of a book, \"The Battles of Aldie, Middleburg and Upperville,\" and genealogical charts, tables and notes.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_834#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_834","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_834","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_834","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_834","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_834.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/740","title_filing_ssi":"Scott and Gunnell family papers","title_ssm":["Scott and Gunnell family papers"],"title_tesim":["Scott and Gunnell family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1772-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1772-1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12202","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/834"],"text":["MSS 12202","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/834","Scott and Gunnell family papers","Alexandria (Va.)--History","Plantation life","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","clippings (information artifacts)","Daybooks","Photograph albums","The collection is open for research use.","The Bush Hill Plantation was originally owned by Josiah Watson, an English customs collector, who built the manor house in 1763. Watson sold the entire estate in 1797 to Richard Marshall Scott, son of John Scott (1732-1792) and Mary Marshall Scott (1735-1795). John Scott, an emigrant from Glasgow, Scotland, arrived in the colony of Maryland  around 1753 with a cargo to begin a career as a merchant. After some financial set-backs, John Scott became a farmer. John Scott and Mary Marshall Scott had three children born to them, David Wilson Scott (1766-1827), Richard Marshall Scott (1769-1833), and Anna Scott (1772-1821). In 1780, the Scott family moved from Maryland, settling first in Fairfax County, Virginia, and then at Farmington, in former Loudoun County, in 1791. ","Richard Marshall Scott, Sr. became a successful merchant and banker in Alexandria, Virginia, founding the Farmer's Bank of Alexandria, and served in the Virginia General Assembly in 1811-1812. He was active in gardening and horticulture and had a large private library.\nRichard Marshall Scott married three times. His first marriage was to Mary Love (1768-1812). He remained a widower until 1828, when he married his cousin, Eleanor Douglas Marshall (1807-1830). She bore his first son, Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. (1829-1856), five months before her death in 1830. His third marriage was to Lucinda Fitzhugh in 1832, who bore him a second son, Jonathan Mordecai Scott (1833-1924), in the same year as his death. ","William H. Foote became guardian in 1834 for the young Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. who attended various schools for boys and read law in Alexandria, Virginia with Francis L. Smith. Scott returned to Bush Hill Plantation at about age sixteen and began to keep a diary on February 18, 1846. On September 15, 1846, at age seventeen, he married Virginia Gunnell (1826-1913) of Washington. Their children were Frank Scott (1849-1893), Eleanor Marshall Scott Johnston (1847-1905), Richard M. Scott (1851-1915) and Anna Constance Scott (1853-1882). ","The 1850 Slave Schedule of Fairfax County lists Richard M. Scott with twenty enslaved persons. Fairfax County's 1859 Personal Property Assessment for Virginia Scott lists taxation for fourteen enslaved people. After the death of her husband in 1856, Virginia Gunnell Scott (1826-1913) managed the Bush Hill Plantation.  During the Civil War, Bush Hill functioned as headquarters for Union officers, but the Scott family remained in the house. \nBush Hill remained in possession of Virginia Gunnell Scott and her family until her death in 1913, when it passed to a cousin, Leonard Coleman Gunnell (1870-1941), and then to his son, Bruce Covington Gunnell (1907-1996 ), a Fairfax engineer. Beginning in 1942, the house was leased to the U.S. government and then to various day schools. Much of the property was sold to developers, with the historic building itself being destroyed by arson in 1977.","Information for this note came from materials in the collection and \"Phase IA Documentary Study of 10.67 Acres at 4840 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia\" by William M. Gardner and Gwen J. Hurst, November 1999, Thunderbird Archeological Associates, Incorporated:","https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/archaeology/SiteReportGardnerBushHillAX111Documentary.pdf","The collection consists of bound volumes, journals, daybooks, and notebooks belonging to John Scott, Richard Marshall Scott,Sr., Richard Marshall Scott,Jr., James L. Gunnell, and Dr. Francis M. Gunnell, and a photograph album belonging to Sarah Louise Rittenhouse. Other materials include printed articles about the Bush Hill plantation,a copy of a book, \"The Battles of Aldie, Middleburg and Upperville,\" and genealogical charts, tables and notes.","Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. began keeping this diary when he moved back to the Bush Hill plantation from Alexandria, where he had been reading law with Francis L. Smith since October of 1845. On the first page, he records the names of all of his slaves living at Bush Hill plantation. He writes about work done on the plantation; the weather, including a heavy snow; social visits; his joy at having the Bush Hill plantation as his property at last; an injury to his slave, Aaron, while cutting timber; the construction of a new barn; church attendance; his first mention of his future wife, Virginia Gunnell (March 15, 1846); the illness, death and burial of his housekeeper, Isabella, who was treated by Dr Fairfax and Dr. Richard (April 7-21, 1846); his runaway slave, George, eventually sold to Richard Windsor (April 22-31, 1846); his friendship with Dr. Gunnell and his sister, Virginia; his suffering with mumps; attendance at events, such as the Great National Fair in Washington (May 21, 1846), various sessions of Congress, the anniversaries of national events, and his viewing of paintings in the Rotunda at the Capitol; mention of the Mexican War and General Taylor (June 8, 1846); the sale of slave woman, Catherine, for \"improper conduct\" to Joseph Bruin (August 10-11, 1846); national and state elections; his marriage to Virginia Gunnell (September 15, 1846); the birth of his daughter, Eleanor Marshall Scott (August 7, 1847); and the hiring out of some of his slaves at Samuel Catts on the first of January each year, beginning in 1847. This diary account continues in volumes marked \"Notebook\" in Box 4.","The originals of these excerpts are labeled \"Diary\" and \"Memoranda Books\"  on the covers of the volumes they were taken from and in the finding aid.","This private journal kept by Francis M. Gunnell, M.D., U.S. Navy, whose appointment was dated March 23, 1849, describes a cruise in the sloop of war \"U.S.S. Falmouth.\" The crew began sailing for the Pacific on May 16, 1849, where the \"Falmouth\" was charged with protecting the new American settlements on the west coast. The ship also voyaged to various Pacific islands before returning to Norfolk on January 29, 1852. This account of the cruise occupies pages 1-72 of the volume. The second portion of the journal, pages 74-111, describe Gunnell's cruise aboard the U.S.S. Independence and appears to be written totally in French.","According to Wikipedia, the Independence \"was recommissioned in September 1854 and departed New York on 10 October to serve as flagship of the Pacific Squadron under Commodore William Mervine. She arrived Valparaíso, Chile, on 2 February 1855. Her cruising grounds ranged northward to San Francisco and west to Hawaii. Proceeding from Panama Bay, she entered the Mare Island Navy Yard on 2 October 1857.\" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Independence_(1814)","Includes a broadside with a petition issued by the President, Richard M. Scott, and Directors of the Farmers' Bank of Alexandria, to Congress, May 26, 181[8?].","Chiefly describes agricultural activities, but does have some references to events during the period of the American Revolution, such as mentions of mustering with his battalion and seeing Men-of-War ships and transports coming up the [Potomac?] River, in July 1776. Some of the pages record the names of enslaved laborers with the farming activity, and also births, such as the birth of a boy to his \"wench\" Betty, July [4?], 1776.","The memoranda books of Richard M. Scott, Sr. record agricultural and horticultural events, social visits, activities of enslaved laborers, deaths and births of slaves, and inventories of property, such as the one  concerning house linens, knives and forks, earthenware and plate at \"Bush Hill\" (February 4, 1812).  He mentions the anniversaries of the tragic death of his wife, who died in 1812 from injuries sustained in the Richmond Theater fire of December 26, 1811. ","He also writes about trips to the District of Columbia, the invasion of the Capitol by the British during the War of 1812 (August 24 and 28, 1814), trips to Warm Springs in Bath County, Virginia, for his health, and a fire at Bush Hill involving the servant hall, barn, stables, equipment and straw (April 8, 1823). Scott also mentions his blacksmith shop to be built by Henry Morris, a free man of color for a dollar a day (August 5, 1824), attended the funeral of \"negro Betty, a free woman, wife of my servant Moses\" (October 7, 1824), gave a holiday to his servants (slaves) to witness the entry and reception of General Lafayette on the 16th of October (October 23, 1824) and included a list of spirits and wine on hand (July 24, 1824).","Mentions the marriage of his servant and gardener, Townshend Crump, to Molly Turner, a servant of [J].E. Marshall (October 7, 1825); Daniel, a free man of color, a blacksmith, cutting chestnut for charcoal (February 15, 1826), and the death of Thomas Jefferson (July 4, 1826). Other topics include the marriage of his servant, Moses Johnston, to Kitty, \"Mrs. James H. Hooe's colored servant girl\" (December 27, 1826), the death of his brother, David Wilson Scott (1827 September 23, 1827), the bottling of 238 bottles of wine (November 8, 1827), his marriage to Eleanor Douglas Marshall (November 25, 1828), and the birth of a son (August 28, 1829). ","Located in Box 1 Folder 6, there is a copy of typed excerpts from the memoranda books and diaries  of Richard M. Scott, Sr. and Richard M. Scott, Jr.    ","This volume continues chronologically from the diary of Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. in Box 1, and includes information about weather, the hiring of an overseer, Mr. Joseph U. Sandford from Dranesville, who left after a year (January 11, 1848; January 26, 1849); the sudden illness and death of former President John Quincy Adams while serving in the House of Representatives (February 21-26, 1848); the hiring of his slave, Ellen Ann and one child, to her husband, David Grey, a \"free negro living near Claremont,\" (January 11 and March 1, 1848) who, in subsequent years, was hired out to others; news of a revolution in France with the abdication of the King (March 20, 1848); and the purchase of a slave, Joe, from the estate sale of General John Mason for six hundred dollars (May 4, 1849).","Writes concerning Francis Gunnell, who sailed from Boston aboard the United States Sloop of War \"Falmouth\" as assistant surgeon (May 10, 1849) and the birth of his son, Frank (July 1, 1849). Scott mentions the amputation of the finger of his slave, Frank, hired out to the Rev. E.A. Dalyrmple, who broke Frank's finger with a blow from a stick causing it to became inflamed (January 11-15, 1850); visits to Congress, where he heard debates on slavery and the admission of new states to the Union, which had prohibited slavery, such as California (February 20, March 13, August 22, 1850); news about the deaths of John C. Calhoun on March 31, 1850 (April 2, 1850) and President Zachary Taylor (July 10, 1850); the construction of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, with stops on his property (September 12, 1850 and June 8-July 4, 1851); a trip to Niagara Falls (October 15-November 8); his slave, Basil, ran away, fearing a flogging (August 4, 1851); and the birth of a son (September 13, 1851). ","\nThe volume continues with news of the deaths of Dr. Gunnell (April 28-29, 1852) and Dennis Johnston (July 24, 1852) both sixty-five years of age; a suicide of a neighbor (October 22, 1852); sale of two slaves, Robert and Nancy (November 17, 1852); mention that slave hiring prices were high and slaves in great demand (January 1, 1853); Work by bricklayers and others on a house of his on Prince Street, Alexandria (December 31, 1852-September 17, 1853) and for house on Washington Street to rent to the Cotton Factory (October 8-10); sale of Hannah and three children (September 7, 1853) and Adam (November 17, 1853); birth of daughter, Anna Constance (December 1, 1853); sale of boy, Lewis (February 6, 1854); an eclipse of the sun (May 26, 1854); marriage of his slaves, Charles and Mary Ellen (July 16, 1854); visit to the family graveyard at \"Farmington\" (December 11, 1854); the arrest of his runaway slave, Basil Gunt, in Frederick City, Maryland, where he had been living as a free man for three and a half years (March 3, 1855); children taken to town to have their daguerreotypes taken (August 4, 1855); and the death of slave, Mary Ellen (November 17, 1855).","The end papers contain a list of books kept in the secretary and bookcase at Bush Hill and a list of land lots [purchased in Virginia?].","This volume completes the diary of Richard M. Scott, Jr. describing the sudden progress of his lung disease and trips to Cuba and the Red Sulphur Springs in Monroe County for relief,  up to his death on November 13, 1856. His wife vows to continue the diary for her children's sake. Virginia writes about financial struggles and decisions that are hers as a new widow, sales of slaves that caused her \"difficulties\" including Margaret (April 25-May 4, 1857), the girl, May (May 3, 1859) and West (July 14, 1859); having a portrait of her husband made from a daguerreotype and sitting for her own portrait (May 14-29, 1857). ","She continues to mention her financial difficulties (February 20 and April 3, 1858) since the death of her husband and her hopes for administrative help from her brother, James; notes her brother, Frank, who is going out in the \"USS Frigate Niagara\" to assist in the laying of the Atlantic Cable between coast of Ireland and Newfoundland (March 5-August 26, 1858); her brother, James, assisting Virginia in arranging slave hires, getting the manumission  papers at Fairfax Courthouse for John Allen, who was freed under the will of her husband, and the sale of Letty in Richmond (January 1-18, 1859); the sale of the St. Marysville farm in Stafford to Mr. Hooe (January 27, 1859) and the Waterloo farm to William Hughes (June 2, 1859); an her brother, Frank, ordered to the Gulf of Mexico upon the steamer \"Fulton\" (July 13, 1859).","This folder contains a stock certificate for four shares in the Exchange Bank of Virginia; a few letters to Dr. Francis M. Gunnell, Virginia Scott, and Emily Gunnell, 1869-1950; an account of the early life of Richard M. Scott, Sr. written for his son, copied by Virginia Scott from the first pages of a book left to Richard M. Scott, Jr.; and two photographs, one of John P. Nelson and a second of Bruce Covington Gunnell.","Most of these photographs have no obvious identification. There are some souvenir cartes de visite from Lima, Peru, and some of famous people, such as the portraits of George Washington and Martha Washington, and a medallion featuring the Empress Josephine.","In 2002, about 140 print items (117 titles) from the \"Bush Hill\" library, including Congressional Registers, four Alexandria newspapers, other government documents, a hymn book, histories and a dictionary, were transferred to Rare Books. To locate these in the online catalog (VIRGO), do a subject search for: Bush Hill (Estate: Alexandria, Va.) .","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Gunnell family","Scott family","Scott , Richard Marshall, Sr., 1769-1833","Scott, Richard Marshall, Jr., 1829-1856","Gunnell, Francis Mackall, Dr., Surgeon General of the United States Navy, 1827-1922","Rittenhouse, Sarah Louise (Sarah Louise \"Loulie\" Rittenhouse), 1845-1942","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12202","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/834"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Scott and Gunnell family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Scott and Gunnell family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Scott and Gunnell family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Scott , Richard Marshall, Sr., 1769-1833","Scott, Richard Marshall, Jr., 1829-1856","Gunnell, Francis Mackall, Dr., Surgeon General of the United States Navy, 1827-1922","Rittenhouse, Sarah Louise (Sarah Louise \"Loulie\" Rittenhouse), 1845-1942"],"creator_ssim":["Scott , Richard Marshall, Sr., 1769-1833","Scott, Richard Marshall, Jr., 1829-1856","Gunnell, Francis Mackall, Dr., Surgeon General of the United States Navy, 1827-1922","Rittenhouse, Sarah Louise (Sarah Louise \"Loulie\" Rittenhouse), 1845-1942"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Scott , Richard Marshall, Sr., 1769-1833","Scott, Richard Marshall, Jr., 1829-1856","Gunnell, Francis Mackall, Dr., Surgeon General of the United States Navy, 1827-1922","Rittenhouse, Sarah Louise (Sarah Louise \"Loulie\" Rittenhouse), 1845-1942"],"creators_ssim":["Scott , Richard Marshall, Sr., 1769-1833","Scott, Richard Marshall, Jr., 1829-1856","Gunnell, Francis Mackall, Dr., Surgeon General of the United States Navy, 1827-1922","Rittenhouse, Sarah Louise (Sarah Louise \"Loulie\" Rittenhouse), 1845-1942"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Mrs. Bruce C. (Virginia Burt) Gunnell (1909-2009) in April 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)--History","Plantation life","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","clippings (information artifacts)","Daybooks","Photograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)--History","Plantation life","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","clippings (information artifacts)","Daybooks","Photograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.25 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.25 Cubic Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["clippings (information artifacts)","Daybooks","Photograph albums"],"date_range_isim":[1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bush Hill Plantation was originally owned by Josiah Watson, an English customs collector, who built the manor house in 1763. Watson sold the entire estate in 1797 to Richard Marshall Scott, son of John Scott (1732-1792) and Mary Marshall Scott (1735-1795). John Scott, an emigrant from Glasgow, Scotland, arrived in the colony of Maryland  around 1753 with a cargo to begin a career as a merchant. After some financial set-backs, John Scott became a farmer. John Scott and Mary Marshall Scott had three children born to them, David Wilson Scott (1766-1827), Richard Marshall Scott (1769-1833), and Anna Scott (1772-1821). In 1780, the Scott family moved from Maryland, settling first in Fairfax County, Virginia, and then at Farmington, in former Loudoun County, in 1791. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichard Marshall Scott, Sr. became a successful merchant and banker in Alexandria, Virginia, founding the Farmer's Bank of Alexandria, and served in the Virginia General Assembly in 1811-1812. He was active in gardening and horticulture and had a large private library.\nRichard Marshall Scott married three times. His first marriage was to Mary Love (1768-1812). He remained a widower until 1828, when he married his cousin, Eleanor Douglas Marshall (1807-1830). She bore his first son, Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. (1829-1856), five months before her death in 1830. His third marriage was to Lucinda Fitzhugh in 1832, who bore him a second son, Jonathan Mordecai Scott (1833-1924), in the same year as his death. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam H. Foote became guardian in 1834 for the young Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. who attended various schools for boys and read law in Alexandria, Virginia with Francis L. Smith. Scott returned to Bush Hill Plantation at about age sixteen and began to keep a diary on February 18, 1846. On September 15, 1846, at age seventeen, he married Virginia Gunnell (1826-1913) of Washington. Their children were Frank Scott (1849-1893), Eleanor Marshall Scott Johnston (1847-1905), Richard M. Scott (1851-1915) and Anna Constance Scott (1853-1882). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1850 Slave Schedule of Fairfax County lists Richard M. Scott with twenty enslaved persons. Fairfax County's 1859 Personal Property Assessment for Virginia Scott lists taxation for fourteen enslaved people. After the death of her husband in 1856, Virginia Gunnell Scott (1826-1913) managed the Bush Hill Plantation.  During the Civil War, Bush Hill functioned as headquarters for Union officers, but the Scott family remained in the house. \nBush Hill remained in possession of Virginia Gunnell Scott and her family until her death in 1913, when it passed to a cousin, Leonard Coleman Gunnell (1870-1941), and then to his son, Bruce Covington Gunnell (1907-1996 ), a Fairfax engineer. Beginning in 1942, the house was leased to the U.S. government and then to various day schools. Much of the property was sold to developers, with the historic building itself being destroyed by arson in 1977.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInformation for this note came from materials in the collection and \"Phase IA Documentary Study of 10.67 Acres at 4840 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia\" by William M. Gardner and Gwen J. Hurst, November 1999, Thunderbird Archeological Associates, Incorporated:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/archaeology/SiteReportGardnerBushHillAX111Documentary.pdf\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Bush Hill Plantation was originally owned by Josiah Watson, an English customs collector, who built the manor house in 1763. Watson sold the entire estate in 1797 to Richard Marshall Scott, son of John Scott (1732-1792) and Mary Marshall Scott (1735-1795). John Scott, an emigrant from Glasgow, Scotland, arrived in the colony of Maryland  around 1753 with a cargo to begin a career as a merchant. After some financial set-backs, John Scott became a farmer. John Scott and Mary Marshall Scott had three children born to them, David Wilson Scott (1766-1827), Richard Marshall Scott (1769-1833), and Anna Scott (1772-1821). In 1780, the Scott family moved from Maryland, settling first in Fairfax County, Virginia, and then at Farmington, in former Loudoun County, in 1791. ","Richard Marshall Scott, Sr. became a successful merchant and banker in Alexandria, Virginia, founding the Farmer's Bank of Alexandria, and served in the Virginia General Assembly in 1811-1812. He was active in gardening and horticulture and had a large private library.\nRichard Marshall Scott married three times. His first marriage was to Mary Love (1768-1812). He remained a widower until 1828, when he married his cousin, Eleanor Douglas Marshall (1807-1830). She bore his first son, Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. (1829-1856), five months before her death in 1830. His third marriage was to Lucinda Fitzhugh in 1832, who bore him a second son, Jonathan Mordecai Scott (1833-1924), in the same year as his death. ","William H. Foote became guardian in 1834 for the young Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. who attended various schools for boys and read law in Alexandria, Virginia with Francis L. Smith. Scott returned to Bush Hill Plantation at about age sixteen and began to keep a diary on February 18, 1846. On September 15, 1846, at age seventeen, he married Virginia Gunnell (1826-1913) of Washington. Their children were Frank Scott (1849-1893), Eleanor Marshall Scott Johnston (1847-1905), Richard M. Scott (1851-1915) and Anna Constance Scott (1853-1882). ","The 1850 Slave Schedule of Fairfax County lists Richard M. Scott with twenty enslaved persons. Fairfax County's 1859 Personal Property Assessment for Virginia Scott lists taxation for fourteen enslaved people. After the death of her husband in 1856, Virginia Gunnell Scott (1826-1913) managed the Bush Hill Plantation.  During the Civil War, Bush Hill functioned as headquarters for Union officers, but the Scott family remained in the house. \nBush Hill remained in possession of Virginia Gunnell Scott and her family until her death in 1913, when it passed to a cousin, Leonard Coleman Gunnell (1870-1941), and then to his son, Bruce Covington Gunnell (1907-1996 ), a Fairfax engineer. Beginning in 1942, the house was leased to the U.S. government and then to various day schools. Much of the property was sold to developers, with the historic building itself being destroyed by arson in 1977.","Information for this note came from materials in the collection and \"Phase IA Documentary Study of 10.67 Acres at 4840 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia\" by William M. Gardner and Gwen J. Hurst, November 1999, Thunderbird Archeological Associates, Incorporated:","https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/archaeology/SiteReportGardnerBushHillAX111Documentary.pdf"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12202 Scott and Gunnell Family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12202 Scott and Gunnell Family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of bound volumes, journals, daybooks, and notebooks belonging to John Scott, Richard Marshall Scott,Sr., Richard Marshall Scott,Jr., James L. Gunnell, and Dr. Francis M. Gunnell, and a photograph album belonging to Sarah Louise Rittenhouse. Other materials include printed articles about the Bush Hill plantation,a copy of a book, \"The Battles of Aldie, Middleburg and Upperville,\" and genealogical charts, tables and notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Marshall Scott, Jr. began keeping this diary when he moved back to the Bush Hill plantation from Alexandria, where he had been reading law with Francis L. Smith since October of 1845. On the first page, he records the names of all of his slaves living at Bush Hill plantation. He writes about work done on the plantation; the weather, including a heavy snow; social visits; his joy at having the Bush Hill plantation as his property at last; an injury to his slave, Aaron, while cutting timber; the construction of a new barn; church attendance; his first mention of his future wife, Virginia Gunnell (March 15, 1846); the illness, death and burial of his housekeeper, Isabella, who was treated by Dr Fairfax and Dr. Richard (April 7-21, 1846); his runaway slave, George, eventually sold to Richard Windsor (April 22-31, 1846); his friendship with Dr. Gunnell and his sister, Virginia; his suffering with mumps; attendance at events, such as the Great National Fair in Washington (May 21, 1846), various sessions of Congress, the anniversaries of national events, and his viewing of paintings in the Rotunda at the Capitol; mention of the Mexican War and General Taylor (June 8, 1846); the sale of slave woman, Catherine, for \"improper conduct\" to Joseph Bruin (August 10-11, 1846); national and state elections; his marriage to Virginia Gunnell (September 15, 1846); the birth of his daughter, Eleanor Marshall Scott (August 7, 1847); and the hiring out of some of his slaves at Samuel Catts on the first of January each year, beginning in 1847. This diary account continues in volumes marked \"Notebook\" in Box 4.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe originals of these excerpts are labeled \"Diary\" and \"Memoranda Books\"  on the covers of the volumes they were taken from and in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis private journal kept by Francis M. Gunnell, M.D., U.S. Navy, whose appointment was dated March 23, 1849, describes a cruise in the sloop of war \"U.S.S. Falmouth.\" The crew began sailing for the Pacific on May 16, 1849, where the \"Falmouth\" was charged with protecting the new American settlements on the west coast. The ship also voyaged to various Pacific islands before returning to Norfolk on January 29, 1852. This account of the cruise occupies pages 1-72 of the volume. The second portion of the journal, pages 74-111, describe Gunnell's cruise aboard the U.S.S. Independence and appears to be written totally in French.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Wikipedia, the Independence \"was recommissioned in September 1854 and departed New York on 10 October to serve as flagship of the Pacific Squadron under Commodore William Mervine. She arrived Valparaíso, Chile, on 2 February 1855. Her cruising grounds ranged northward to San Francisco and west to Hawaii. Proceeding from Panama Bay, she entered the Mare Island Navy Yard on 2 October 1857.\" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Independence_(1814)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a broadside with a petition issued by the President, Richard M. Scott, and Directors of the Farmers' Bank of Alexandria, to Congress, May 26, 181[8?].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChiefly describes agricultural activities, but does have some references to events during the period of the American Revolution, such as mentions of mustering with his battalion and seeing Men-of-War ships and transports coming up the [Potomac?] River, in July 1776. Some of the pages record the names of enslaved laborers with the farming activity, and also births, such as the birth of a boy to his \"wench\" Betty, July [4?], 1776.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe memoranda books of Richard M. Scott, Sr. record agricultural and horticultural events, social visits, activities of enslaved laborers, deaths and births of slaves, and inventories of property, such as the one  concerning house linens, knives and forks, earthenware and plate at \"Bush Hill\" (February 4, 1812).  He mentions the anniversaries of the tragic death of his wife, who died in 1812 from injuries sustained in the Richmond Theater fire of December 26, 1811. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe also writes about trips to the District of Columbia, the invasion of the Capitol by the British during the War of 1812 (August 24 and 28, 1814), trips to Warm Springs in Bath County, Virginia, for his health, and a fire at Bush Hill involving the servant hall, barn, stables, equipment and straw (April 8, 1823). Scott also mentions his blacksmith shop to be built by Henry Morris, a free man of color for a dollar a day (August 5, 1824), attended the funeral of \"negro Betty, a free woman, wife of my servant Moses\" (October 7, 1824), gave a holiday to his servants (slaves) to witness the entry and reception of General Lafayette on the 16th of October (October 23, 1824) and included a list of spirits and wine on hand (July 24, 1824).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMentions the marriage of his servant and gardener, Townshend Crump, to Molly Turner, a servant of [J].E. Marshall (October 7, 1825); Daniel, a free man of color, a blacksmith, cutting chestnut for charcoal (February 15, 1826), and the death of Thomas Jefferson (July 4, 1826). Other topics include the marriage of his servant, Moses Johnston, to Kitty, \"Mrs. James H. Hooe's colored servant girl\" (December 27, 1826), the death of his brother, David Wilson Scott (1827 September 23, 1827), the bottling of 238 bottles of wine (November 8, 1827), his marriage to Eleanor Douglas Marshall (November 25, 1828), and the birth of a son (August 28, 1829). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLocated in Box 1 Folder 6, there is a copy of typed excerpts from the memoranda books and diaries  of Richard M. Scott, Sr. and Richard M. Scott, Jr.    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis volume continues chronologically from the diary of Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. in Box 1, and includes information about weather, the hiring of an overseer, Mr. Joseph U. Sandford from Dranesville, who left after a year (January 11, 1848; January 26, 1849); the sudden illness and death of former President John Quincy Adams while serving in the House of Representatives (February 21-26, 1848); the hiring of his slave, Ellen Ann and one child, to her husband, David Grey, a \"free negro living near Claremont,\" (January 11 and March 1, 1848) who, in subsequent years, was hired out to others; news of a revolution in France with the abdication of the King (March 20, 1848); and the purchase of a slave, Joe, from the estate sale of General John Mason for six hundred dollars (May 4, 1849).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWrites concerning Francis Gunnell, who sailed from Boston aboard the United States Sloop of War \"Falmouth\" as assistant surgeon (May 10, 1849) and the birth of his son, Frank (July 1, 1849). Scott mentions the amputation of the finger of his slave, Frank, hired out to the Rev. E.A. Dalyrmple, who broke Frank's finger with a blow from a stick causing it to became inflamed (January 11-15, 1850); visits to Congress, where he heard debates on slavery and the admission of new states to the Union, which had prohibited slavery, such as California (February 20, March 13, August 22, 1850); news about the deaths of John C. Calhoun on March 31, 1850 (April 2, 1850) and President Zachary Taylor (July 10, 1850); the construction of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, with stops on his property (September 12, 1850 and June 8-July 4, 1851); a trip to Niagara Falls (October 15-November 8); his slave, Basil, ran away, fearing a flogging (August 4, 1851); and the birth of a son (September 13, 1851). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe volume continues with news of the deaths of Dr. Gunnell (April 28-29, 1852) and Dennis Johnston (July 24, 1852) both sixty-five years of age; a suicide of a neighbor (October 22, 1852); sale of two slaves, Robert and Nancy (November 17, 1852); mention that slave hiring prices were high and slaves in great demand (January 1, 1853); Work by bricklayers and others on a house of his on Prince Street, Alexandria (December 31, 1852-September 17, 1853) and for house on Washington Street to rent to the Cotton Factory (October 8-10); sale of Hannah and three children (September 7, 1853) and Adam (November 17, 1853); birth of daughter, Anna Constance (December 1, 1853); sale of boy, Lewis (February 6, 1854); an eclipse of the sun (May 26, 1854); marriage of his slaves, Charles and Mary Ellen (July 16, 1854); visit to the family graveyard at \"Farmington\" (December 11, 1854); the arrest of his runaway slave, Basil Gunt, in Frederick City, Maryland, where he had been living as a free man for three and a half years (March 3, 1855); children taken to town to have their daguerreotypes taken (August 4, 1855); and the death of slave, Mary Ellen (November 17, 1855).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe end papers contain a list of books kept in the secretary and bookcase at Bush Hill and a list of land lots [purchased in Virginia?].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis volume completes the diary of Richard M. Scott, Jr. describing the sudden progress of his lung disease and trips to Cuba and the Red Sulphur Springs in Monroe County for relief,  up to his death on November 13, 1856. His wife vows to continue the diary for her children's sake. Virginia writes about financial struggles and decisions that are hers as a new widow, sales of slaves that caused her \"difficulties\" including Margaret (April 25-May 4, 1857), the girl, May (May 3, 1859) and West (July 14, 1859); having a portrait of her husband made from a daguerreotype and sitting for her own portrait (May 14-29, 1857). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe continues to mention her financial difficulties (February 20 and April 3, 1858) since the death of her husband and her hopes for administrative help from her brother, James; notes her brother, Frank, who is going out in the \"USS Frigate Niagara\" to assist in the laying of the Atlantic Cable between coast of Ireland and Newfoundland (March 5-August 26, 1858); her brother, James, assisting Virginia in arranging slave hires, getting the manumission  papers at Fairfax Courthouse for John Allen, who was freed under the will of her husband, and the sale of Letty in Richmond (January 1-18, 1859); the sale of the St. Marysville farm in Stafford to Mr. Hooe (January 27, 1859) and the Waterloo farm to William Hughes (June 2, 1859); an her brother, Frank, ordered to the Gulf of Mexico upon the steamer \"Fulton\" (July 13, 1859).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a stock certificate for four shares in the Exchange Bank of Virginia; a few letters to Dr. Francis M. Gunnell, Virginia Scott, and Emily Gunnell, 1869-1950; an account of the early life of Richard M. Scott, Sr. written for his son, copied by Virginia Scott from the first pages of a book left to Richard M. Scott, Jr.; and two photographs, one of John P. Nelson and a second of Bruce Covington Gunnell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these photographs have no obvious identification. There are some souvenir cartes de visite from Lima, Peru, and some of famous people, such as the portraits of George Washington and Martha Washington, and a medallion featuring the Empress Josephine.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of bound volumes, journals, daybooks, and notebooks belonging to John Scott, Richard Marshall Scott,Sr., Richard Marshall Scott,Jr., James L. Gunnell, and Dr. Francis M. Gunnell, and a photograph album belonging to Sarah Louise Rittenhouse. Other materials include printed articles about the Bush Hill plantation,a copy of a book, \"The Battles of Aldie, Middleburg and Upperville,\" and genealogical charts, tables and notes.","Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. began keeping this diary when he moved back to the Bush Hill plantation from Alexandria, where he had been reading law with Francis L. Smith since October of 1845. On the first page, he records the names of all of his slaves living at Bush Hill plantation. He writes about work done on the plantation; the weather, including a heavy snow; social visits; his joy at having the Bush Hill plantation as his property at last; an injury to his slave, Aaron, while cutting timber; the construction of a new barn; church attendance; his first mention of his future wife, Virginia Gunnell (March 15, 1846); the illness, death and burial of his housekeeper, Isabella, who was treated by Dr Fairfax and Dr. Richard (April 7-21, 1846); his runaway slave, George, eventually sold to Richard Windsor (April 22-31, 1846); his friendship with Dr. Gunnell and his sister, Virginia; his suffering with mumps; attendance at events, such as the Great National Fair in Washington (May 21, 1846), various sessions of Congress, the anniversaries of national events, and his viewing of paintings in the Rotunda at the Capitol; mention of the Mexican War and General Taylor (June 8, 1846); the sale of slave woman, Catherine, for \"improper conduct\" to Joseph Bruin (August 10-11, 1846); national and state elections; his marriage to Virginia Gunnell (September 15, 1846); the birth of his daughter, Eleanor Marshall Scott (August 7, 1847); and the hiring out of some of his slaves at Samuel Catts on the first of January each year, beginning in 1847. This diary account continues in volumes marked \"Notebook\" in Box 4.","The originals of these excerpts are labeled \"Diary\" and \"Memoranda Books\"  on the covers of the volumes they were taken from and in the finding aid.","This private journal kept by Francis M. Gunnell, M.D., U.S. Navy, whose appointment was dated March 23, 1849, describes a cruise in the sloop of war \"U.S.S. Falmouth.\" The crew began sailing for the Pacific on May 16, 1849, where the \"Falmouth\" was charged with protecting the new American settlements on the west coast. The ship also voyaged to various Pacific islands before returning to Norfolk on January 29, 1852. This account of the cruise occupies pages 1-72 of the volume. The second portion of the journal, pages 74-111, describe Gunnell's cruise aboard the U.S.S. Independence and appears to be written totally in French.","According to Wikipedia, the Independence \"was recommissioned in September 1854 and departed New York on 10 October to serve as flagship of the Pacific Squadron under Commodore William Mervine. She arrived Valparaíso, Chile, on 2 February 1855. Her cruising grounds ranged northward to San Francisco and west to Hawaii. Proceeding from Panama Bay, she entered the Mare Island Navy Yard on 2 October 1857.\" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Independence_(1814)","Includes a broadside with a petition issued by the President, Richard M. Scott, and Directors of the Farmers' Bank of Alexandria, to Congress, May 26, 181[8?].","Chiefly describes agricultural activities, but does have some references to events during the period of the American Revolution, such as mentions of mustering with his battalion and seeing Men-of-War ships and transports coming up the [Potomac?] River, in July 1776. Some of the pages record the names of enslaved laborers with the farming activity, and also births, such as the birth of a boy to his \"wench\" Betty, July [4?], 1776.","The memoranda books of Richard M. Scott, Sr. record agricultural and horticultural events, social visits, activities of enslaved laborers, deaths and births of slaves, and inventories of property, such as the one  concerning house linens, knives and forks, earthenware and plate at \"Bush Hill\" (February 4, 1812).  He mentions the anniversaries of the tragic death of his wife, who died in 1812 from injuries sustained in the Richmond Theater fire of December 26, 1811. ","He also writes about trips to the District of Columbia, the invasion of the Capitol by the British during the War of 1812 (August 24 and 28, 1814), trips to Warm Springs in Bath County, Virginia, for his health, and a fire at Bush Hill involving the servant hall, barn, stables, equipment and straw (April 8, 1823). Scott also mentions his blacksmith shop to be built by Henry Morris, a free man of color for a dollar a day (August 5, 1824), attended the funeral of \"negro Betty, a free woman, wife of my servant Moses\" (October 7, 1824), gave a holiday to his servants (slaves) to witness the entry and reception of General Lafayette on the 16th of October (October 23, 1824) and included a list of spirits and wine on hand (July 24, 1824).","Mentions the marriage of his servant and gardener, Townshend Crump, to Molly Turner, a servant of [J].E. Marshall (October 7, 1825); Daniel, a free man of color, a blacksmith, cutting chestnut for charcoal (February 15, 1826), and the death of Thomas Jefferson (July 4, 1826). Other topics include the marriage of his servant, Moses Johnston, to Kitty, \"Mrs. James H. Hooe's colored servant girl\" (December 27, 1826), the death of his brother, David Wilson Scott (1827 September 23, 1827), the bottling of 238 bottles of wine (November 8, 1827), his marriage to Eleanor Douglas Marshall (November 25, 1828), and the birth of a son (August 28, 1829). ","Located in Box 1 Folder 6, there is a copy of typed excerpts from the memoranda books and diaries  of Richard M. Scott, Sr. and Richard M. Scott, Jr.    ","This volume continues chronologically from the diary of Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. in Box 1, and includes information about weather, the hiring of an overseer, Mr. Joseph U. Sandford from Dranesville, who left after a year (January 11, 1848; January 26, 1849); the sudden illness and death of former President John Quincy Adams while serving in the House of Representatives (February 21-26, 1848); the hiring of his slave, Ellen Ann and one child, to her husband, David Grey, a \"free negro living near Claremont,\" (January 11 and March 1, 1848) who, in subsequent years, was hired out to others; news of a revolution in France with the abdication of the King (March 20, 1848); and the purchase of a slave, Joe, from the estate sale of General John Mason for six hundred dollars (May 4, 1849).","Writes concerning Francis Gunnell, who sailed from Boston aboard the United States Sloop of War \"Falmouth\" as assistant surgeon (May 10, 1849) and the birth of his son, Frank (July 1, 1849). Scott mentions the amputation of the finger of his slave, Frank, hired out to the Rev. E.A. Dalyrmple, who broke Frank's finger with a blow from a stick causing it to became inflamed (January 11-15, 1850); visits to Congress, where he heard debates on slavery and the admission of new states to the Union, which had prohibited slavery, such as California (February 20, March 13, August 22, 1850); news about the deaths of John C. Calhoun on March 31, 1850 (April 2, 1850) and President Zachary Taylor (July 10, 1850); the construction of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, with stops on his property (September 12, 1850 and June 8-July 4, 1851); a trip to Niagara Falls (October 15-November 8); his slave, Basil, ran away, fearing a flogging (August 4, 1851); and the birth of a son (September 13, 1851). ","\nThe volume continues with news of the deaths of Dr. Gunnell (April 28-29, 1852) and Dennis Johnston (July 24, 1852) both sixty-five years of age; a suicide of a neighbor (October 22, 1852); sale of two slaves, Robert and Nancy (November 17, 1852); mention that slave hiring prices were high and slaves in great demand (January 1, 1853); Work by bricklayers and others on a house of his on Prince Street, Alexandria (December 31, 1852-September 17, 1853) and for house on Washington Street to rent to the Cotton Factory (October 8-10); sale of Hannah and three children (September 7, 1853) and Adam (November 17, 1853); birth of daughter, Anna Constance (December 1, 1853); sale of boy, Lewis (February 6, 1854); an eclipse of the sun (May 26, 1854); marriage of his slaves, Charles and Mary Ellen (July 16, 1854); visit to the family graveyard at \"Farmington\" (December 11, 1854); the arrest of his runaway slave, Basil Gunt, in Frederick City, Maryland, where he had been living as a free man for three and a half years (March 3, 1855); children taken to town to have their daguerreotypes taken (August 4, 1855); and the death of slave, Mary Ellen (November 17, 1855).","The end papers contain a list of books kept in the secretary and bookcase at Bush Hill and a list of land lots [purchased in Virginia?].","This volume completes the diary of Richard M. Scott, Jr. describing the sudden progress of his lung disease and trips to Cuba and the Red Sulphur Springs in Monroe County for relief,  up to his death on November 13, 1856. His wife vows to continue the diary for her children's sake. Virginia writes about financial struggles and decisions that are hers as a new widow, sales of slaves that caused her \"difficulties\" including Margaret (April 25-May 4, 1857), the girl, May (May 3, 1859) and West (July 14, 1859); having a portrait of her husband made from a daguerreotype and sitting for her own portrait (May 14-29, 1857). ","She continues to mention her financial difficulties (February 20 and April 3, 1858) since the death of her husband and her hopes for administrative help from her brother, James; notes her brother, Frank, who is going out in the \"USS Frigate Niagara\" to assist in the laying of the Atlantic Cable between coast of Ireland and Newfoundland (March 5-August 26, 1858); her brother, James, assisting Virginia in arranging slave hires, getting the manumission  papers at Fairfax Courthouse for John Allen, who was freed under the will of her husband, and the sale of Letty in Richmond (January 1-18, 1859); the sale of the St. Marysville farm in Stafford to Mr. Hooe (January 27, 1859) and the Waterloo farm to William Hughes (June 2, 1859); an her brother, Frank, ordered to the Gulf of Mexico upon the steamer \"Fulton\" (July 13, 1859).","This folder contains a stock certificate for four shares in the Exchange Bank of Virginia; a few letters to Dr. Francis M. Gunnell, Virginia Scott, and Emily Gunnell, 1869-1950; an account of the early life of Richard M. Scott, Sr. written for his son, copied by Virginia Scott from the first pages of a book left to Richard M. Scott, Jr.; and two photographs, one of John P. Nelson and a second of Bruce Covington Gunnell.","Most of these photographs have no obvious identification. There are some souvenir cartes de visite from Lima, Peru, and some of famous people, such as the portraits of George Washington and Martha Washington, and a medallion featuring the Empress Josephine."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2002, about 140 print items (117 titles) from the \"Bush Hill\" library, including Congressional Registers, four Alexandria newspapers, other government documents, a hymn book, histories and a dictionary, were transferred to Rare Books. To locate these in the online catalog (VIRGO), do a subject search for: Bush Hill (Estate: Alexandria, Va.) .\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["In 2002, about 140 print items (117 titles) from the \"Bush Hill\" library, including Congressional Registers, four Alexandria newspapers, other government documents, a hymn book, histories and a dictionary, were transferred to Rare Books. To locate these in the online catalog (VIRGO), do a subject search for: Bush Hill (Estate: Alexandria, Va.) ."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Gunnell family","Scott family","Scott , Richard Marshall, Sr., 1769-1833","Scott, Richard Marshall, Jr., 1829-1856","Gunnell, Francis Mackall, Dr., Surgeon General of the United States Navy, 1827-1922","Rittenhouse, Sarah Louise (Sarah Louise \"Loulie\" Rittenhouse), 1845-1942"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Gunnell family","Scott family"],"famname_ssim":["Gunnell family","Scott family"],"persname_ssim":["Scott , Richard Marshall, Sr., 1769-1833","Scott, Richard Marshall, Jr., 1829-1856","Gunnell, Francis Mackall, Dr., Surgeon General of the United States Navy, 1827-1922","Rittenhouse, Sarah Louise (Sarah Louise \"Loulie\" Rittenhouse), 1845-1942"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_834","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_834","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_834","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_834","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_834.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/740","title_filing_ssi":"Scott and Gunnell family papers","title_ssm":["Scott and Gunnell family papers"],"title_tesim":["Scott and Gunnell family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1772-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1772-1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12202","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/834"],"text":["MSS 12202","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/834","Scott and Gunnell family papers","Alexandria (Va.)--History","Plantation life","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","clippings (information artifacts)","Daybooks","Photograph albums","The collection is open for research use.","The Bush Hill Plantation was originally owned by Josiah Watson, an English customs collector, who built the manor house in 1763. Watson sold the entire estate in 1797 to Richard Marshall Scott, son of John Scott (1732-1792) and Mary Marshall Scott (1735-1795). John Scott, an emigrant from Glasgow, Scotland, arrived in the colony of Maryland  around 1753 with a cargo to begin a career as a merchant. After some financial set-backs, John Scott became a farmer. John Scott and Mary Marshall Scott had three children born to them, David Wilson Scott (1766-1827), Richard Marshall Scott (1769-1833), and Anna Scott (1772-1821). In 1780, the Scott family moved from Maryland, settling first in Fairfax County, Virginia, and then at Farmington, in former Loudoun County, in 1791. ","Richard Marshall Scott, Sr. became a successful merchant and banker in Alexandria, Virginia, founding the Farmer's Bank of Alexandria, and served in the Virginia General Assembly in 1811-1812. He was active in gardening and horticulture and had a large private library.\nRichard Marshall Scott married three times. His first marriage was to Mary Love (1768-1812). He remained a widower until 1828, when he married his cousin, Eleanor Douglas Marshall (1807-1830). She bore his first son, Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. (1829-1856), five months before her death in 1830. His third marriage was to Lucinda Fitzhugh in 1832, who bore him a second son, Jonathan Mordecai Scott (1833-1924), in the same year as his death. ","William H. Foote became guardian in 1834 for the young Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. who attended various schools for boys and read law in Alexandria, Virginia with Francis L. Smith. Scott returned to Bush Hill Plantation at about age sixteen and began to keep a diary on February 18, 1846. On September 15, 1846, at age seventeen, he married Virginia Gunnell (1826-1913) of Washington. Their children were Frank Scott (1849-1893), Eleanor Marshall Scott Johnston (1847-1905), Richard M. Scott (1851-1915) and Anna Constance Scott (1853-1882). ","The 1850 Slave Schedule of Fairfax County lists Richard M. Scott with twenty enslaved persons. Fairfax County's 1859 Personal Property Assessment for Virginia Scott lists taxation for fourteen enslaved people. After the death of her husband in 1856, Virginia Gunnell Scott (1826-1913) managed the Bush Hill Plantation.  During the Civil War, Bush Hill functioned as headquarters for Union officers, but the Scott family remained in the house. \nBush Hill remained in possession of Virginia Gunnell Scott and her family until her death in 1913, when it passed to a cousin, Leonard Coleman Gunnell (1870-1941), and then to his son, Bruce Covington Gunnell (1907-1996 ), a Fairfax engineer. Beginning in 1942, the house was leased to the U.S. government and then to various day schools. Much of the property was sold to developers, with the historic building itself being destroyed by arson in 1977.","Information for this note came from materials in the collection and \"Phase IA Documentary Study of 10.67 Acres at 4840 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia\" by William M. Gardner and Gwen J. Hurst, November 1999, Thunderbird Archeological Associates, Incorporated:","https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/archaeology/SiteReportGardnerBushHillAX111Documentary.pdf","The collection consists of bound volumes, journals, daybooks, and notebooks belonging to John Scott, Richard Marshall Scott,Sr., Richard Marshall Scott,Jr., James L. Gunnell, and Dr. Francis M. Gunnell, and a photograph album belonging to Sarah Louise Rittenhouse. Other materials include printed articles about the Bush Hill plantation,a copy of a book, \"The Battles of Aldie, Middleburg and Upperville,\" and genealogical charts, tables and notes.","Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. began keeping this diary when he moved back to the Bush Hill plantation from Alexandria, where he had been reading law with Francis L. Smith since October of 1845. On the first page, he records the names of all of his slaves living at Bush Hill plantation. He writes about work done on the plantation; the weather, including a heavy snow; social visits; his joy at having the Bush Hill plantation as his property at last; an injury to his slave, Aaron, while cutting timber; the construction of a new barn; church attendance; his first mention of his future wife, Virginia Gunnell (March 15, 1846); the illness, death and burial of his housekeeper, Isabella, who was treated by Dr Fairfax and Dr. Richard (April 7-21, 1846); his runaway slave, George, eventually sold to Richard Windsor (April 22-31, 1846); his friendship with Dr. Gunnell and his sister, Virginia; his suffering with mumps; attendance at events, such as the Great National Fair in Washington (May 21, 1846), various sessions of Congress, the anniversaries of national events, and his viewing of paintings in the Rotunda at the Capitol; mention of the Mexican War and General Taylor (June 8, 1846); the sale of slave woman, Catherine, for \"improper conduct\" to Joseph Bruin (August 10-11, 1846); national and state elections; his marriage to Virginia Gunnell (September 15, 1846); the birth of his daughter, Eleanor Marshall Scott (August 7, 1847); and the hiring out of some of his slaves at Samuel Catts on the first of January each year, beginning in 1847. This diary account continues in volumes marked \"Notebook\" in Box 4.","The originals of these excerpts are labeled \"Diary\" and \"Memoranda Books\"  on the covers of the volumes they were taken from and in the finding aid.","This private journal kept by Francis M. Gunnell, M.D., U.S. Navy, whose appointment was dated March 23, 1849, describes a cruise in the sloop of war \"U.S.S. Falmouth.\" The crew began sailing for the Pacific on May 16, 1849, where the \"Falmouth\" was charged with protecting the new American settlements on the west coast. The ship also voyaged to various Pacific islands before returning to Norfolk on January 29, 1852. This account of the cruise occupies pages 1-72 of the volume. The second portion of the journal, pages 74-111, describe Gunnell's cruise aboard the U.S.S. Independence and appears to be written totally in French.","According to Wikipedia, the Independence \"was recommissioned in September 1854 and departed New York on 10 October to serve as flagship of the Pacific Squadron under Commodore William Mervine. She arrived Valparaíso, Chile, on 2 February 1855. Her cruising grounds ranged northward to San Francisco and west to Hawaii. Proceeding from Panama Bay, she entered the Mare Island Navy Yard on 2 October 1857.\" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Independence_(1814)","Includes a broadside with a petition issued by the President, Richard M. Scott, and Directors of the Farmers' Bank of Alexandria, to Congress, May 26, 181[8?].","Chiefly describes agricultural activities, but does have some references to events during the period of the American Revolution, such as mentions of mustering with his battalion and seeing Men-of-War ships and transports coming up the [Potomac?] River, in July 1776. Some of the pages record the names of enslaved laborers with the farming activity, and also births, such as the birth of a boy to his \"wench\" Betty, July [4?], 1776.","The memoranda books of Richard M. Scott, Sr. record agricultural and horticultural events, social visits, activities of enslaved laborers, deaths and births of slaves, and inventories of property, such as the one  concerning house linens, knives and forks, earthenware and plate at \"Bush Hill\" (February 4, 1812).  He mentions the anniversaries of the tragic death of his wife, who died in 1812 from injuries sustained in the Richmond Theater fire of December 26, 1811. ","He also writes about trips to the District of Columbia, the invasion of the Capitol by the British during the War of 1812 (August 24 and 28, 1814), trips to Warm Springs in Bath County, Virginia, for his health, and a fire at Bush Hill involving the servant hall, barn, stables, equipment and straw (April 8, 1823). Scott also mentions his blacksmith shop to be built by Henry Morris, a free man of color for a dollar a day (August 5, 1824), attended the funeral of \"negro Betty, a free woman, wife of my servant Moses\" (October 7, 1824), gave a holiday to his servants (slaves) to witness the entry and reception of General Lafayette on the 16th of October (October 23, 1824) and included a list of spirits and wine on hand (July 24, 1824).","Mentions the marriage of his servant and gardener, Townshend Crump, to Molly Turner, a servant of [J].E. Marshall (October 7, 1825); Daniel, a free man of color, a blacksmith, cutting chestnut for charcoal (February 15, 1826), and the death of Thomas Jefferson (July 4, 1826). Other topics include the marriage of his servant, Moses Johnston, to Kitty, \"Mrs. James H. Hooe's colored servant girl\" (December 27, 1826), the death of his brother, David Wilson Scott (1827 September 23, 1827), the bottling of 238 bottles of wine (November 8, 1827), his marriage to Eleanor Douglas Marshall (November 25, 1828), and the birth of a son (August 28, 1829). ","Located in Box 1 Folder 6, there is a copy of typed excerpts from the memoranda books and diaries  of Richard M. Scott, Sr. and Richard M. Scott, Jr.    ","This volume continues chronologically from the diary of Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. in Box 1, and includes information about weather, the hiring of an overseer, Mr. Joseph U. Sandford from Dranesville, who left after a year (January 11, 1848; January 26, 1849); the sudden illness and death of former President John Quincy Adams while serving in the House of Representatives (February 21-26, 1848); the hiring of his slave, Ellen Ann and one child, to her husband, David Grey, a \"free negro living near Claremont,\" (January 11 and March 1, 1848) who, in subsequent years, was hired out to others; news of a revolution in France with the abdication of the King (March 20, 1848); and the purchase of a slave, Joe, from the estate sale of General John Mason for six hundred dollars (May 4, 1849).","Writes concerning Francis Gunnell, who sailed from Boston aboard the United States Sloop of War \"Falmouth\" as assistant surgeon (May 10, 1849) and the birth of his son, Frank (July 1, 1849). Scott mentions the amputation of the finger of his slave, Frank, hired out to the Rev. E.A. Dalyrmple, who broke Frank's finger with a blow from a stick causing it to became inflamed (January 11-15, 1850); visits to Congress, where he heard debates on slavery and the admission of new states to the Union, which had prohibited slavery, such as California (February 20, March 13, August 22, 1850); news about the deaths of John C. Calhoun on March 31, 1850 (April 2, 1850) and President Zachary Taylor (July 10, 1850); the construction of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, with stops on his property (September 12, 1850 and June 8-July 4, 1851); a trip to Niagara Falls (October 15-November 8); his slave, Basil, ran away, fearing a flogging (August 4, 1851); and the birth of a son (September 13, 1851). ","\nThe volume continues with news of the deaths of Dr. Gunnell (April 28-29, 1852) and Dennis Johnston (July 24, 1852) both sixty-five years of age; a suicide of a neighbor (October 22, 1852); sale of two slaves, Robert and Nancy (November 17, 1852); mention that slave hiring prices were high and slaves in great demand (January 1, 1853); Work by bricklayers and others on a house of his on Prince Street, Alexandria (December 31, 1852-September 17, 1853) and for house on Washington Street to rent to the Cotton Factory (October 8-10); sale of Hannah and three children (September 7, 1853) and Adam (November 17, 1853); birth of daughter, Anna Constance (December 1, 1853); sale of boy, Lewis (February 6, 1854); an eclipse of the sun (May 26, 1854); marriage of his slaves, Charles and Mary Ellen (July 16, 1854); visit to the family graveyard at \"Farmington\" (December 11, 1854); the arrest of his runaway slave, Basil Gunt, in Frederick City, Maryland, where he had been living as a free man for three and a half years (March 3, 1855); children taken to town to have their daguerreotypes taken (August 4, 1855); and the death of slave, Mary Ellen (November 17, 1855).","The end papers contain a list of books kept in the secretary and bookcase at Bush Hill and a list of land lots [purchased in Virginia?].","This volume completes the diary of Richard M. Scott, Jr. describing the sudden progress of his lung disease and trips to Cuba and the Red Sulphur Springs in Monroe County for relief,  up to his death on November 13, 1856. His wife vows to continue the diary for her children's sake. Virginia writes about financial struggles and decisions that are hers as a new widow, sales of slaves that caused her \"difficulties\" including Margaret (April 25-May 4, 1857), the girl, May (May 3, 1859) and West (July 14, 1859); having a portrait of her husband made from a daguerreotype and sitting for her own portrait (May 14-29, 1857). ","She continues to mention her financial difficulties (February 20 and April 3, 1858) since the death of her husband and her hopes for administrative help from her brother, James; notes her brother, Frank, who is going out in the \"USS Frigate Niagara\" to assist in the laying of the Atlantic Cable between coast of Ireland and Newfoundland (March 5-August 26, 1858); her brother, James, assisting Virginia in arranging slave hires, getting the manumission  papers at Fairfax Courthouse for John Allen, who was freed under the will of her husband, and the sale of Letty in Richmond (January 1-18, 1859); the sale of the St. Marysville farm in Stafford to Mr. Hooe (January 27, 1859) and the Waterloo farm to William Hughes (June 2, 1859); an her brother, Frank, ordered to the Gulf of Mexico upon the steamer \"Fulton\" (July 13, 1859).","This folder contains a stock certificate for four shares in the Exchange Bank of Virginia; a few letters to Dr. Francis M. Gunnell, Virginia Scott, and Emily Gunnell, 1869-1950; an account of the early life of Richard M. Scott, Sr. written for his son, copied by Virginia Scott from the first pages of a book left to Richard M. Scott, Jr.; and two photographs, one of John P. Nelson and a second of Bruce Covington Gunnell.","Most of these photographs have no obvious identification. There are some souvenir cartes de visite from Lima, Peru, and some of famous people, such as the portraits of George Washington and Martha Washington, and a medallion featuring the Empress Josephine.","In 2002, about 140 print items (117 titles) from the \"Bush Hill\" library, including Congressional Registers, four Alexandria newspapers, other government documents, a hymn book, histories and a dictionary, were transferred to Rare Books. To locate these in the online catalog (VIRGO), do a subject search for: Bush Hill (Estate: Alexandria, Va.) .","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Gunnell family","Scott family","Scott , Richard Marshall, Sr., 1769-1833","Scott, Richard Marshall, Jr., 1829-1856","Gunnell, Francis Mackall, Dr., Surgeon General of the United States Navy, 1827-1922","Rittenhouse, Sarah Louise (Sarah Louise \"Loulie\" Rittenhouse), 1845-1942","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12202","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/834"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Scott and Gunnell family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Scott and Gunnell family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Scott and Gunnell family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Scott , Richard Marshall, Sr., 1769-1833","Scott, Richard Marshall, Jr., 1829-1856","Gunnell, Francis Mackall, Dr., Surgeon General of the United States Navy, 1827-1922","Rittenhouse, Sarah Louise (Sarah Louise \"Loulie\" Rittenhouse), 1845-1942"],"creator_ssim":["Scott , Richard Marshall, Sr., 1769-1833","Scott, Richard Marshall, Jr., 1829-1856","Gunnell, Francis Mackall, Dr., Surgeon General of the United States Navy, 1827-1922","Rittenhouse, Sarah Louise (Sarah Louise \"Loulie\" Rittenhouse), 1845-1942"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Scott , Richard Marshall, Sr., 1769-1833","Scott, Richard Marshall, Jr., 1829-1856","Gunnell, Francis Mackall, Dr., Surgeon General of the United States Navy, 1827-1922","Rittenhouse, Sarah Louise (Sarah Louise \"Loulie\" Rittenhouse), 1845-1942"],"creators_ssim":["Scott , Richard Marshall, Sr., 1769-1833","Scott, Richard Marshall, Jr., 1829-1856","Gunnell, Francis Mackall, Dr., Surgeon General of the United States Navy, 1827-1922","Rittenhouse, Sarah Louise (Sarah Louise \"Loulie\" Rittenhouse), 1845-1942"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Mrs. Bruce C. (Virginia Burt) Gunnell (1909-2009) in April 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)--History","Plantation life","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","clippings (information artifacts)","Daybooks","Photograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)--History","Plantation life","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","clippings (information artifacts)","Daybooks","Photograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.25 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.25 Cubic Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["clippings (information artifacts)","Daybooks","Photograph albums"],"date_range_isim":[1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Bush Hill Plantation was originally owned by Josiah Watson, an English customs collector, who built the manor house in 1763. Watson sold the entire estate in 1797 to Richard Marshall Scott, son of John Scott (1732-1792) and Mary Marshall Scott (1735-1795). John Scott, an emigrant from Glasgow, Scotland, arrived in the colony of Maryland  around 1753 with a cargo to begin a career as a merchant. After some financial set-backs, John Scott became a farmer. John Scott and Mary Marshall Scott had three children born to them, David Wilson Scott (1766-1827), Richard Marshall Scott (1769-1833), and Anna Scott (1772-1821). In 1780, the Scott family moved from Maryland, settling first in Fairfax County, Virginia, and then at Farmington, in former Loudoun County, in 1791. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichard Marshall Scott, Sr. became a successful merchant and banker in Alexandria, Virginia, founding the Farmer's Bank of Alexandria, and served in the Virginia General Assembly in 1811-1812. He was active in gardening and horticulture and had a large private library.\nRichard Marshall Scott married three times. His first marriage was to Mary Love (1768-1812). He remained a widower until 1828, when he married his cousin, Eleanor Douglas Marshall (1807-1830). She bore his first son, Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. (1829-1856), five months before her death in 1830. His third marriage was to Lucinda Fitzhugh in 1832, who bore him a second son, Jonathan Mordecai Scott (1833-1924), in the same year as his death. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam H. Foote became guardian in 1834 for the young Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. who attended various schools for boys and read law in Alexandria, Virginia with Francis L. Smith. Scott returned to Bush Hill Plantation at about age sixteen and began to keep a diary on February 18, 1846. On September 15, 1846, at age seventeen, he married Virginia Gunnell (1826-1913) of Washington. Their children were Frank Scott (1849-1893), Eleanor Marshall Scott Johnston (1847-1905), Richard M. Scott (1851-1915) and Anna Constance Scott (1853-1882). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1850 Slave Schedule of Fairfax County lists Richard M. Scott with twenty enslaved persons. Fairfax County's 1859 Personal Property Assessment for Virginia Scott lists taxation for fourteen enslaved people. After the death of her husband in 1856, Virginia Gunnell Scott (1826-1913) managed the Bush Hill Plantation.  During the Civil War, Bush Hill functioned as headquarters for Union officers, but the Scott family remained in the house. \nBush Hill remained in possession of Virginia Gunnell Scott and her family until her death in 1913, when it passed to a cousin, Leonard Coleman Gunnell (1870-1941), and then to his son, Bruce Covington Gunnell (1907-1996 ), a Fairfax engineer. Beginning in 1942, the house was leased to the U.S. government and then to various day schools. Much of the property was sold to developers, with the historic building itself being destroyed by arson in 1977.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInformation for this note came from materials in the collection and \"Phase IA Documentary Study of 10.67 Acres at 4840 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia\" by William M. Gardner and Gwen J. Hurst, November 1999, Thunderbird Archeological Associates, Incorporated:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/archaeology/SiteReportGardnerBushHillAX111Documentary.pdf\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Bush Hill Plantation was originally owned by Josiah Watson, an English customs collector, who built the manor house in 1763. Watson sold the entire estate in 1797 to Richard Marshall Scott, son of John Scott (1732-1792) and Mary Marshall Scott (1735-1795). John Scott, an emigrant from Glasgow, Scotland, arrived in the colony of Maryland  around 1753 with a cargo to begin a career as a merchant. After some financial set-backs, John Scott became a farmer. John Scott and Mary Marshall Scott had three children born to them, David Wilson Scott (1766-1827), Richard Marshall Scott (1769-1833), and Anna Scott (1772-1821). In 1780, the Scott family moved from Maryland, settling first in Fairfax County, Virginia, and then at Farmington, in former Loudoun County, in 1791. ","Richard Marshall Scott, Sr. became a successful merchant and banker in Alexandria, Virginia, founding the Farmer's Bank of Alexandria, and served in the Virginia General Assembly in 1811-1812. He was active in gardening and horticulture and had a large private library.\nRichard Marshall Scott married three times. His first marriage was to Mary Love (1768-1812). He remained a widower until 1828, when he married his cousin, Eleanor Douglas Marshall (1807-1830). She bore his first son, Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. (1829-1856), five months before her death in 1830. His third marriage was to Lucinda Fitzhugh in 1832, who bore him a second son, Jonathan Mordecai Scott (1833-1924), in the same year as his death. ","William H. Foote became guardian in 1834 for the young Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. who attended various schools for boys and read law in Alexandria, Virginia with Francis L. Smith. Scott returned to Bush Hill Plantation at about age sixteen and began to keep a diary on February 18, 1846. On September 15, 1846, at age seventeen, he married Virginia Gunnell (1826-1913) of Washington. Their children were Frank Scott (1849-1893), Eleanor Marshall Scott Johnston (1847-1905), Richard M. Scott (1851-1915) and Anna Constance Scott (1853-1882). ","The 1850 Slave Schedule of Fairfax County lists Richard M. Scott with twenty enslaved persons. Fairfax County's 1859 Personal Property Assessment for Virginia Scott lists taxation for fourteen enslaved people. After the death of her husband in 1856, Virginia Gunnell Scott (1826-1913) managed the Bush Hill Plantation.  During the Civil War, Bush Hill functioned as headquarters for Union officers, but the Scott family remained in the house. \nBush Hill remained in possession of Virginia Gunnell Scott and her family until her death in 1913, when it passed to a cousin, Leonard Coleman Gunnell (1870-1941), and then to his son, Bruce Covington Gunnell (1907-1996 ), a Fairfax engineer. Beginning in 1942, the house was leased to the U.S. government and then to various day schools. Much of the property was sold to developers, with the historic building itself being destroyed by arson in 1977.","Information for this note came from materials in the collection and \"Phase IA Documentary Study of 10.67 Acres at 4840 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia\" by William M. Gardner and Gwen J. Hurst, November 1999, Thunderbird Archeological Associates, Incorporated:","https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/archaeology/SiteReportGardnerBushHillAX111Documentary.pdf"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12202 Scott and Gunnell Family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12202 Scott and Gunnell Family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of bound volumes, journals, daybooks, and notebooks belonging to John Scott, Richard Marshall Scott,Sr., Richard Marshall Scott,Jr., James L. Gunnell, and Dr. Francis M. Gunnell, and a photograph album belonging to Sarah Louise Rittenhouse. Other materials include printed articles about the Bush Hill plantation,a copy of a book, \"The Battles of Aldie, Middleburg and Upperville,\" and genealogical charts, tables and notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard Marshall Scott, Jr. began keeping this diary when he moved back to the Bush Hill plantation from Alexandria, where he had been reading law with Francis L. Smith since October of 1845. On the first page, he records the names of all of his slaves living at Bush Hill plantation. He writes about work done on the plantation; the weather, including a heavy snow; social visits; his joy at having the Bush Hill plantation as his property at last; an injury to his slave, Aaron, while cutting timber; the construction of a new barn; church attendance; his first mention of his future wife, Virginia Gunnell (March 15, 1846); the illness, death and burial of his housekeeper, Isabella, who was treated by Dr Fairfax and Dr. Richard (April 7-21, 1846); his runaway slave, George, eventually sold to Richard Windsor (April 22-31, 1846); his friendship with Dr. Gunnell and his sister, Virginia; his suffering with mumps; attendance at events, such as the Great National Fair in Washington (May 21, 1846), various sessions of Congress, the anniversaries of national events, and his viewing of paintings in the Rotunda at the Capitol; mention of the Mexican War and General Taylor (June 8, 1846); the sale of slave woman, Catherine, for \"improper conduct\" to Joseph Bruin (August 10-11, 1846); national and state elections; his marriage to Virginia Gunnell (September 15, 1846); the birth of his daughter, Eleanor Marshall Scott (August 7, 1847); and the hiring out of some of his slaves at Samuel Catts on the first of January each year, beginning in 1847. This diary account continues in volumes marked \"Notebook\" in Box 4.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe originals of these excerpts are labeled \"Diary\" and \"Memoranda Books\"  on the covers of the volumes they were taken from and in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis private journal kept by Francis M. Gunnell, M.D., U.S. Navy, whose appointment was dated March 23, 1849, describes a cruise in the sloop of war \"U.S.S. Falmouth.\" The crew began sailing for the Pacific on May 16, 1849, where the \"Falmouth\" was charged with protecting the new American settlements on the west coast. The ship also voyaged to various Pacific islands before returning to Norfolk on January 29, 1852. This account of the cruise occupies pages 1-72 of the volume. The second portion of the journal, pages 74-111, describe Gunnell's cruise aboard the U.S.S. Independence and appears to be written totally in French.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Wikipedia, the Independence \"was recommissioned in September 1854 and departed New York on 10 October to serve as flagship of the Pacific Squadron under Commodore William Mervine. She arrived Valparaíso, Chile, on 2 February 1855. Her cruising grounds ranged northward to San Francisco and west to Hawaii. Proceeding from Panama Bay, she entered the Mare Island Navy Yard on 2 October 1857.\" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Independence_(1814)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a broadside with a petition issued by the President, Richard M. Scott, and Directors of the Farmers' Bank of Alexandria, to Congress, May 26, 181[8?].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChiefly describes agricultural activities, but does have some references to events during the period of the American Revolution, such as mentions of mustering with his battalion and seeing Men-of-War ships and transports coming up the [Potomac?] River, in July 1776. Some of the pages record the names of enslaved laborers with the farming activity, and also births, such as the birth of a boy to his \"wench\" Betty, July [4?], 1776.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe memoranda books of Richard M. Scott, Sr. record agricultural and horticultural events, social visits, activities of enslaved laborers, deaths and births of slaves, and inventories of property, such as the one  concerning house linens, knives and forks, earthenware and plate at \"Bush Hill\" (February 4, 1812).  He mentions the anniversaries of the tragic death of his wife, who died in 1812 from injuries sustained in the Richmond Theater fire of December 26, 1811. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHe also writes about trips to the District of Columbia, the invasion of the Capitol by the British during the War of 1812 (August 24 and 28, 1814), trips to Warm Springs in Bath County, Virginia, for his health, and a fire at Bush Hill involving the servant hall, barn, stables, equipment and straw (April 8, 1823). Scott also mentions his blacksmith shop to be built by Henry Morris, a free man of color for a dollar a day (August 5, 1824), attended the funeral of \"negro Betty, a free woman, wife of my servant Moses\" (October 7, 1824), gave a holiday to his servants (slaves) to witness the entry and reception of General Lafayette on the 16th of October (October 23, 1824) and included a list of spirits and wine on hand (July 24, 1824).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMentions the marriage of his servant and gardener, Townshend Crump, to Molly Turner, a servant of [J].E. Marshall (October 7, 1825); Daniel, a free man of color, a blacksmith, cutting chestnut for charcoal (February 15, 1826), and the death of Thomas Jefferson (July 4, 1826). Other topics include the marriage of his servant, Moses Johnston, to Kitty, \"Mrs. James H. Hooe's colored servant girl\" (December 27, 1826), the death of his brother, David Wilson Scott (1827 September 23, 1827), the bottling of 238 bottles of wine (November 8, 1827), his marriage to Eleanor Douglas Marshall (November 25, 1828), and the birth of a son (August 28, 1829). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLocated in Box 1 Folder 6, there is a copy of typed excerpts from the memoranda books and diaries  of Richard M. Scott, Sr. and Richard M. Scott, Jr.    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis volume continues chronologically from the diary of Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. in Box 1, and includes information about weather, the hiring of an overseer, Mr. Joseph U. Sandford from Dranesville, who left after a year (January 11, 1848; January 26, 1849); the sudden illness and death of former President John Quincy Adams while serving in the House of Representatives (February 21-26, 1848); the hiring of his slave, Ellen Ann and one child, to her husband, David Grey, a \"free negro living near Claremont,\" (January 11 and March 1, 1848) who, in subsequent years, was hired out to others; news of a revolution in France with the abdication of the King (March 20, 1848); and the purchase of a slave, Joe, from the estate sale of General John Mason for six hundred dollars (May 4, 1849).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWrites concerning Francis Gunnell, who sailed from Boston aboard the United States Sloop of War \"Falmouth\" as assistant surgeon (May 10, 1849) and the birth of his son, Frank (July 1, 1849). Scott mentions the amputation of the finger of his slave, Frank, hired out to the Rev. E.A. Dalyrmple, who broke Frank's finger with a blow from a stick causing it to became inflamed (January 11-15, 1850); visits to Congress, where he heard debates on slavery and the admission of new states to the Union, which had prohibited slavery, such as California (February 20, March 13, August 22, 1850); news about the deaths of John C. Calhoun on March 31, 1850 (April 2, 1850) and President Zachary Taylor (July 10, 1850); the construction of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, with stops on his property (September 12, 1850 and June 8-July 4, 1851); a trip to Niagara Falls (October 15-November 8); his slave, Basil, ran away, fearing a flogging (August 4, 1851); and the birth of a son (September 13, 1851). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe volume continues with news of the deaths of Dr. Gunnell (April 28-29, 1852) and Dennis Johnston (July 24, 1852) both sixty-five years of age; a suicide of a neighbor (October 22, 1852); sale of two slaves, Robert and Nancy (November 17, 1852); mention that slave hiring prices were high and slaves in great demand (January 1, 1853); Work by bricklayers and others on a house of his on Prince Street, Alexandria (December 31, 1852-September 17, 1853) and for house on Washington Street to rent to the Cotton Factory (October 8-10); sale of Hannah and three children (September 7, 1853) and Adam (November 17, 1853); birth of daughter, Anna Constance (December 1, 1853); sale of boy, Lewis (February 6, 1854); an eclipse of the sun (May 26, 1854); marriage of his slaves, Charles and Mary Ellen (July 16, 1854); visit to the family graveyard at \"Farmington\" (December 11, 1854); the arrest of his runaway slave, Basil Gunt, in Frederick City, Maryland, where he had been living as a free man for three and a half years (March 3, 1855); children taken to town to have their daguerreotypes taken (August 4, 1855); and the death of slave, Mary Ellen (November 17, 1855).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe end papers contain a list of books kept in the secretary and bookcase at Bush Hill and a list of land lots [purchased in Virginia?].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis volume completes the diary of Richard M. Scott, Jr. describing the sudden progress of his lung disease and trips to Cuba and the Red Sulphur Springs in Monroe County for relief,  up to his death on November 13, 1856. His wife vows to continue the diary for her children's sake. Virginia writes about financial struggles and decisions that are hers as a new widow, sales of slaves that caused her \"difficulties\" including Margaret (April 25-May 4, 1857), the girl, May (May 3, 1859) and West (July 14, 1859); having a portrait of her husband made from a daguerreotype and sitting for her own portrait (May 14-29, 1857). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe continues to mention her financial difficulties (February 20 and April 3, 1858) since the death of her husband and her hopes for administrative help from her brother, James; notes her brother, Frank, who is going out in the \"USS Frigate Niagara\" to assist in the laying of the Atlantic Cable between coast of Ireland and Newfoundland (March 5-August 26, 1858); her brother, James, assisting Virginia in arranging slave hires, getting the manumission  papers at Fairfax Courthouse for John Allen, who was freed under the will of her husband, and the sale of Letty in Richmond (January 1-18, 1859); the sale of the St. Marysville farm in Stafford to Mr. Hooe (January 27, 1859) and the Waterloo farm to William Hughes (June 2, 1859); an her brother, Frank, ordered to the Gulf of Mexico upon the steamer \"Fulton\" (July 13, 1859).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a stock certificate for four shares in the Exchange Bank of Virginia; a few letters to Dr. Francis M. Gunnell, Virginia Scott, and Emily Gunnell, 1869-1950; an account of the early life of Richard M. Scott, Sr. written for his son, copied by Virginia Scott from the first pages of a book left to Richard M. Scott, Jr.; and two photographs, one of John P. Nelson and a second of Bruce Covington Gunnell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these photographs have no obvious identification. There are some souvenir cartes de visite from Lima, Peru, and some of famous people, such as the portraits of George Washington and Martha Washington, and a medallion featuring the Empress Josephine.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of bound volumes, journals, daybooks, and notebooks belonging to John Scott, Richard Marshall Scott,Sr., Richard Marshall Scott,Jr., James L. Gunnell, and Dr. Francis M. Gunnell, and a photograph album belonging to Sarah Louise Rittenhouse. Other materials include printed articles about the Bush Hill plantation,a copy of a book, \"The Battles of Aldie, Middleburg and Upperville,\" and genealogical charts, tables and notes.","Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. began keeping this diary when he moved back to the Bush Hill plantation from Alexandria, where he had been reading law with Francis L. Smith since October of 1845. On the first page, he records the names of all of his slaves living at Bush Hill plantation. He writes about work done on the plantation; the weather, including a heavy snow; social visits; his joy at having the Bush Hill plantation as his property at last; an injury to his slave, Aaron, while cutting timber; the construction of a new barn; church attendance; his first mention of his future wife, Virginia Gunnell (March 15, 1846); the illness, death and burial of his housekeeper, Isabella, who was treated by Dr Fairfax and Dr. Richard (April 7-21, 1846); his runaway slave, George, eventually sold to Richard Windsor (April 22-31, 1846); his friendship with Dr. Gunnell and his sister, Virginia; his suffering with mumps; attendance at events, such as the Great National Fair in Washington (May 21, 1846), various sessions of Congress, the anniversaries of national events, and his viewing of paintings in the Rotunda at the Capitol; mention of the Mexican War and General Taylor (June 8, 1846); the sale of slave woman, Catherine, for \"improper conduct\" to Joseph Bruin (August 10-11, 1846); national and state elections; his marriage to Virginia Gunnell (September 15, 1846); the birth of his daughter, Eleanor Marshall Scott (August 7, 1847); and the hiring out of some of his slaves at Samuel Catts on the first of January each year, beginning in 1847. This diary account continues in volumes marked \"Notebook\" in Box 4.","The originals of these excerpts are labeled \"Diary\" and \"Memoranda Books\"  on the covers of the volumes they were taken from and in the finding aid.","This private journal kept by Francis M. Gunnell, M.D., U.S. Navy, whose appointment was dated March 23, 1849, describes a cruise in the sloop of war \"U.S.S. Falmouth.\" The crew began sailing for the Pacific on May 16, 1849, where the \"Falmouth\" was charged with protecting the new American settlements on the west coast. The ship also voyaged to various Pacific islands before returning to Norfolk on January 29, 1852. This account of the cruise occupies pages 1-72 of the volume. The second portion of the journal, pages 74-111, describe Gunnell's cruise aboard the U.S.S. Independence and appears to be written totally in French.","According to Wikipedia, the Independence \"was recommissioned in September 1854 and departed New York on 10 October to serve as flagship of the Pacific Squadron under Commodore William Mervine. She arrived Valparaíso, Chile, on 2 February 1855. Her cruising grounds ranged northward to San Francisco and west to Hawaii. Proceeding from Panama Bay, she entered the Mare Island Navy Yard on 2 October 1857.\" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Independence_(1814)","Includes a broadside with a petition issued by the President, Richard M. Scott, and Directors of the Farmers' Bank of Alexandria, to Congress, May 26, 181[8?].","Chiefly describes agricultural activities, but does have some references to events during the period of the American Revolution, such as mentions of mustering with his battalion and seeing Men-of-War ships and transports coming up the [Potomac?] River, in July 1776. Some of the pages record the names of enslaved laborers with the farming activity, and also births, such as the birth of a boy to his \"wench\" Betty, July [4?], 1776.","The memoranda books of Richard M. Scott, Sr. record agricultural and horticultural events, social visits, activities of enslaved laborers, deaths and births of slaves, and inventories of property, such as the one  concerning house linens, knives and forks, earthenware and plate at \"Bush Hill\" (February 4, 1812).  He mentions the anniversaries of the tragic death of his wife, who died in 1812 from injuries sustained in the Richmond Theater fire of December 26, 1811. ","He also writes about trips to the District of Columbia, the invasion of the Capitol by the British during the War of 1812 (August 24 and 28, 1814), trips to Warm Springs in Bath County, Virginia, for his health, and a fire at Bush Hill involving the servant hall, barn, stables, equipment and straw (April 8, 1823). Scott also mentions his blacksmith shop to be built by Henry Morris, a free man of color for a dollar a day (August 5, 1824), attended the funeral of \"negro Betty, a free woman, wife of my servant Moses\" (October 7, 1824), gave a holiday to his servants (slaves) to witness the entry and reception of General Lafayette on the 16th of October (October 23, 1824) and included a list of spirits and wine on hand (July 24, 1824).","Mentions the marriage of his servant and gardener, Townshend Crump, to Molly Turner, a servant of [J].E. Marshall (October 7, 1825); Daniel, a free man of color, a blacksmith, cutting chestnut for charcoal (February 15, 1826), and the death of Thomas Jefferson (July 4, 1826). Other topics include the marriage of his servant, Moses Johnston, to Kitty, \"Mrs. James H. Hooe's colored servant girl\" (December 27, 1826), the death of his brother, David Wilson Scott (1827 September 23, 1827), the bottling of 238 bottles of wine (November 8, 1827), his marriage to Eleanor Douglas Marshall (November 25, 1828), and the birth of a son (August 28, 1829). ","Located in Box 1 Folder 6, there is a copy of typed excerpts from the memoranda books and diaries  of Richard M. Scott, Sr. and Richard M. Scott, Jr.    ","This volume continues chronologically from the diary of Richard Marshall Scott, Jr. in Box 1, and includes information about weather, the hiring of an overseer, Mr. Joseph U. Sandford from Dranesville, who left after a year (January 11, 1848; January 26, 1849); the sudden illness and death of former President John Quincy Adams while serving in the House of Representatives (February 21-26, 1848); the hiring of his slave, Ellen Ann and one child, to her husband, David Grey, a \"free negro living near Claremont,\" (January 11 and March 1, 1848) who, in subsequent years, was hired out to others; news of a revolution in France with the abdication of the King (March 20, 1848); and the purchase of a slave, Joe, from the estate sale of General John Mason for six hundred dollars (May 4, 1849).","Writes concerning Francis Gunnell, who sailed from Boston aboard the United States Sloop of War \"Falmouth\" as assistant surgeon (May 10, 1849) and the birth of his son, Frank (July 1, 1849). Scott mentions the amputation of the finger of his slave, Frank, hired out to the Rev. E.A. Dalyrmple, who broke Frank's finger with a blow from a stick causing it to became inflamed (January 11-15, 1850); visits to Congress, where he heard debates on slavery and the admission of new states to the Union, which had prohibited slavery, such as California (February 20, March 13, August 22, 1850); news about the deaths of John C. Calhoun on March 31, 1850 (April 2, 1850) and President Zachary Taylor (July 10, 1850); the construction of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, with stops on his property (September 12, 1850 and June 8-July 4, 1851); a trip to Niagara Falls (October 15-November 8); his slave, Basil, ran away, fearing a flogging (August 4, 1851); and the birth of a son (September 13, 1851). ","\nThe volume continues with news of the deaths of Dr. Gunnell (April 28-29, 1852) and Dennis Johnston (July 24, 1852) both sixty-five years of age; a suicide of a neighbor (October 22, 1852); sale of two slaves, Robert and Nancy (November 17, 1852); mention that slave hiring prices were high and slaves in great demand (January 1, 1853); Work by bricklayers and others on a house of his on Prince Street, Alexandria (December 31, 1852-September 17, 1853) and for house on Washington Street to rent to the Cotton Factory (October 8-10); sale of Hannah and three children (September 7, 1853) and Adam (November 17, 1853); birth of daughter, Anna Constance (December 1, 1853); sale of boy, Lewis (February 6, 1854); an eclipse of the sun (May 26, 1854); marriage of his slaves, Charles and Mary Ellen (July 16, 1854); visit to the family graveyard at \"Farmington\" (December 11, 1854); the arrest of his runaway slave, Basil Gunt, in Frederick City, Maryland, where he had been living as a free man for three and a half years (March 3, 1855); children taken to town to have their daguerreotypes taken (August 4, 1855); and the death of slave, Mary Ellen (November 17, 1855).","The end papers contain a list of books kept in the secretary and bookcase at Bush Hill and a list of land lots [purchased in Virginia?].","This volume completes the diary of Richard M. Scott, Jr. describing the sudden progress of his lung disease and trips to Cuba and the Red Sulphur Springs in Monroe County for relief,  up to his death on November 13, 1856. His wife vows to continue the diary for her children's sake. Virginia writes about financial struggles and decisions that are hers as a new widow, sales of slaves that caused her \"difficulties\" including Margaret (April 25-May 4, 1857), the girl, May (May 3, 1859) and West (July 14, 1859); having a portrait of her husband made from a daguerreotype and sitting for her own portrait (May 14-29, 1857). ","She continues to mention her financial difficulties (February 20 and April 3, 1858) since the death of her husband and her hopes for administrative help from her brother, James; notes her brother, Frank, who is going out in the \"USS Frigate Niagara\" to assist in the laying of the Atlantic Cable between coast of Ireland and Newfoundland (March 5-August 26, 1858); her brother, James, assisting Virginia in arranging slave hires, getting the manumission  papers at Fairfax Courthouse for John Allen, who was freed under the will of her husband, and the sale of Letty in Richmond (January 1-18, 1859); the sale of the St. Marysville farm in Stafford to Mr. Hooe (January 27, 1859) and the Waterloo farm to William Hughes (June 2, 1859); an her brother, Frank, ordered to the Gulf of Mexico upon the steamer \"Fulton\" (July 13, 1859).","This folder contains a stock certificate for four shares in the Exchange Bank of Virginia; a few letters to Dr. Francis M. Gunnell, Virginia Scott, and Emily Gunnell, 1869-1950; an account of the early life of Richard M. Scott, Sr. written for his son, copied by Virginia Scott from the first pages of a book left to Richard M. Scott, Jr.; and two photographs, one of John P. Nelson and a second of Bruce Covington Gunnell.","Most of these photographs have no obvious identification. There are some souvenir cartes de visite from Lima, Peru, and some of famous people, such as the portraits of George Washington and Martha Washington, and a medallion featuring the Empress Josephine."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2002, about 140 print items (117 titles) from the \"Bush Hill\" library, including Congressional Registers, four Alexandria newspapers, other government documents, a hymn book, histories and a dictionary, were transferred to Rare Books. To locate these in the online catalog (VIRGO), do a subject search for: Bush Hill (Estate: Alexandria, Va.) .\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["In 2002, about 140 print items (117 titles) from the \"Bush Hill\" library, including Congressional Registers, four Alexandria newspapers, other government documents, a hymn book, histories and a dictionary, were transferred to Rare Books. To locate these in the online catalog (VIRGO), do a subject search for: Bush Hill (Estate: Alexandria, Va.) ."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Gunnell family","Scott family","Scott , Richard Marshall, Sr., 1769-1833","Scott, Richard Marshall, Jr., 1829-1856","Gunnell, Francis Mackall, Dr., Surgeon General of the United States Navy, 1827-1922","Rittenhouse, Sarah Louise (Sarah Louise \"Loulie\" Rittenhouse), 1845-1942"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Gunnell family","Scott family"],"famname_ssim":["Gunnell family","Scott family"],"persname_ssim":["Scott , Richard Marshall, Sr., 1769-1833","Scott, Richard Marshall, Jr., 1829-1856","Gunnell, Francis Mackall, Dr., Surgeon General of the United States Navy, 1827-1922","Rittenhouse, Sarah Louise (Sarah Louise \"Loulie\" Rittenhouse), 1845-1942"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_834"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_260","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia enslaver  documents","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_260#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection of Elisha Roberts and other enslavers holders documents (1822-1860; 0.03 cubic feet) consists of inventories, bill of sales, and appraisal lists of household items including enslaved people of Elisha Roberts, Gotlif Schmidt, James Broddus, Robert Allen Givens, John Cornelison, Jr., Francis Carter, Archibal Brooks, Henry Carpenter, Lewis Campbell, John Bentley, and Talton Taylor.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_260#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_260","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_260","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_260","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_260","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_260.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/228","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia enslaver  documents","title_ssm":["Virginia enslaver  documents"],"title_tesim":["Virginia enslaver  documents"],"unitdate_ssm":["1822-1860"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1822-1860"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 15982","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/260"],"text":["MSS 15982","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/260","Virginia enslaver  documents","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","The collection is open for research use.","Documents are in order by date from 1822 to 1860.","This collection of Elisha Roberts and other enslavers holders documents (1822-1860; 0.03 cubic feet) consists of inventories, bill of sales, and appraisal lists of household items including enslaved people of Elisha Roberts, Gotlif Schmidt, James Broddus, Robert Allen Givens, John Cornelison, Jr., Francis Carter, Archibal Brooks, Henry Carpenter, Lewis Campbell, John Bentley, and Talton Taylor.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 15982","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/260"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia enslaver  documents"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia enslaver  documents"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia enslaver  documents"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 15982 Purchased 8 July 2015;  Alfred Henry Byrd Endowment Fund, 2015/2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDocuments are in order by date from 1822 to 1860.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Documents are in order by date from 1822 to 1860."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 15982, Enslaver documents, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 15982, Enslaver documents, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection of Elisha Roberts and other enslavers holders documents (1822-1860; 0.03 cubic feet) consists of inventories, bill of sales, and appraisal lists of household items including enslaved people of Elisha Roberts, Gotlif Schmidt, James Broddus, Robert Allen Givens, John Cornelison, Jr., Francis Carter, Archibal Brooks, Henry Carpenter, Lewis Campbell, John Bentley, and Talton Taylor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection of Elisha Roberts and other enslavers holders documents (1822-1860; 0.03 cubic feet) consists of inventories, bill of sales, and appraisal lists of household items including enslaved people of Elisha Roberts, Gotlif Schmidt, James Broddus, Robert Allen Givens, John Cornelison, Jr., Francis Carter, Archibal Brooks, Henry Carpenter, Lewis Campbell, John Bentley, and Talton Taylor."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_260","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_260","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_260","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_260","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_260.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/228","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia enslaver  documents","title_ssm":["Virginia enslaver  documents"],"title_tesim":["Virginia enslaver  documents"],"unitdate_ssm":["1822-1860"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1822-1860"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 15982","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/260"],"text":["MSS 15982","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/260","Virginia enslaver  documents","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","The collection is open for research use.","Documents are in order by date from 1822 to 1860.","This collection of Elisha Roberts and other enslavers holders documents (1822-1860; 0.03 cubic feet) consists of inventories, bill of sales, and appraisal lists of household items including enslaved people of Elisha Roberts, Gotlif Schmidt, James Broddus, Robert Allen Givens, John Cornelison, Jr., Francis Carter, Archibal Brooks, Henry Carpenter, Lewis Campbell, John Bentley, and Talton Taylor.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 15982","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/260"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia enslaver  documents"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia enslaver  documents"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia enslaver  documents"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 15982 Purchased 8 July 2015;  Alfred Henry Byrd Endowment Fund, 2015/2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDocuments are in order by date from 1822 to 1860.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Documents are in order by date from 1822 to 1860."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 15982, Enslaver documents, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 15982, Enslaver documents, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection of Elisha Roberts and other enslavers holders documents (1822-1860; 0.03 cubic feet) consists of inventories, bill of sales, and appraisal lists of household items including enslaved people of Elisha Roberts, Gotlif Schmidt, James Broddus, Robert Allen Givens, John Cornelison, Jr., Francis Carter, Archibal Brooks, Henry Carpenter, Lewis Campbell, John Bentley, and Talton Taylor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection of Elisha Roberts and other enslavers holders documents (1822-1860; 0.03 cubic feet) consists of inventories, bill of sales, and appraisal lists of household items including enslaved people of Elisha Roberts, Gotlif Schmidt, James Broddus, Robert Allen Givens, John Cornelison, Jr., Francis Carter, Archibal Brooks, Henry Carpenter, Lewis Campbell, John Bentley, and Talton Taylor."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_260"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Watts family papers-addition","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1396#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Watts family papers of Roanoke County, Virginia at \"Oaklands\" in Flat Creek, Campbell County) consist of correspondence and documents related to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the United States Civil War, war with Osceola and Seminole tribes in Florida, Virginia politics, economic and social history (including enslavement),land ownership, farming, court cases and debt from 1786 to 1950 in southwest Virginia. The Watts are related to many other Virginia families including James and Dolley Madison. This collection represents a great view into historical and social events of the eighteenth and nineteenth century in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1396#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1396.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/151360","title_filing_ssi":"Watts family papers","title_ssm":["Watts family papers-addition"],"title_tesim":["Watts family papers-addition"],"unitdate_ssm":["1786-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12170","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource 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Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1396","Watts family papers-addition","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia","The collection is open for research use.","The Watts family papers are arranged into 9 series. Series 1. Family Correspondence, Series 2. Genealogy, History and letters of James and Dolley Madison, Series 3. Documents related to enslavement, Series 4. Legal and Financial papers, Subseries A. Indentures, Subseries B. Marriage agreements, petitions, statements, and wills, Subseries C. Letters about collecting debts, Subseries D. Receipts for goods and services of the Watts family, Series 5. Newspaper clippings and miscellaneous family papers and oversize photographs, Series 6. Family Bibles, Series 7. Roanoke Gun Club Inc. land, Series 8. Showalter transcriptions on digital materials and a flash drive. Box 1 contains folders with some transcription of the letters in the collection and a folder with biographical information. Box 12 contains folders with an index and a folder of miscellaneous information about the collection. ","Added existing collection MSS 12170 (3 folders) of Breckinridge, Gamble and Watts families into this addition of Watts family papers MSS 12170. ","The Watts family has been part of the Roanoke Valley (also called \"Big Lick\") in Virginia for six generations. General Edward Watts was born on 7 April 1779, in Prince Edward, Virginia. He was the son of William Watts (1742-1797), and Mary Scott (1758-1836). He married Elizabeth Breckinridge, the daughter of James Breckinridge on 6 May 1811 and they had 10 children, including William Watts (1817-1877), Mary Scott Gamble (1814-1840), Ann Selden Watts Holcombe (1820-1888), Alice Watts Robertson (1832-1914), Emma Gilmer Watts Carr (1834-1872) and Letitia Watts Sorrell (1829-1900). Edward Watts purchased 400 acres of land from his father-in-law, James Breckinridge (called The Barrens) where he built his home \"Oaklands\" in 1817. General Edward Watts died in 1859 at age 59. The Watts and Breckinridge families were well-known families in southwest Virginia who enslaved people during the American Revolution and the American Civil War. They were admired by their peers as influential attorneys, politicians, and land owners who often opened their house to the community.","General Edward Watts was educated at Liberty Hall Academy (Washington \u0026 Lee), and Princeton. He was an officer in the War of 1812 and was the Commonwealth attorney for Roanoke County from 1839 to 1845. His son, William Watts (1817-1877) was a Colonel in the 28th Infantry of the Confederate Army (Roanoke Greys). He was educated in medicine and law at the University of Virginia. ","After the war, he followed in his father's path as the Commonwealth attorney from 1845 to 1854. He was in the State Constitutional Convention (1850-1851), and was president of the Exchange Bank of Virginia. He also ran for governor in 1834 and 1842. He served in the legislature for one term in 1875. He married Mary Allen in 1850 and they had one living son, John Allen Watts (1855-1904). Mary Allen died following his birth in 1855. Colonel William Watts was also a farmer who enslaved over 100 people. He was said to have one enslaved person as his \"body servant\" through the war and gave him a home for life. Research of the collection has not yet provided his name.","John Allen Watts (1855-1904) nicknamed \"Squat\" was also a student at the University of Virginia and became an attorney. He married Gertrude Lee and they had a son named William. John Allen Watts sold Oaklands to a develpment company and it burned down in 1897. Descendants Jean Staples Showalter, English Showalter, and Katherine Watts donated this collection of their family's papers. ","Sources:\n\"Roanoke and Western Virginia: Glimpses of the Pst: Oaklands\" http://showalter.blogspot.com/2010/12/oaklands.html","Barnes, Raymond. \"Confederates of Roanoke-V: General Edward Watts and Colonel William Watts Founded Clan\" Roanoke World News. 5 April 1961. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/94647C8F-8806-4D18-8A04-445143233613#gallery","\nBarnes, Raymond. 'Oaklands' Was Hospitable Seat of Watts Family for Generations: Needed Big Staff\" Roanoke World News. 21 May 1958. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/53DC8EB0-DBE3-4B95-B4AF-027946626463#gallery","\nWatts, Katherine. \"The Roanoke Valley and the Watts Family\" June 1984.","There is a website at the O. Winston Link Museum (History Museum of West Virginia) that has many of the Watts family letters online ","https://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?page=3\u0026keyword=Watts%2C%20William\u0026searchType=person\u0026showsearch=True","Related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 8914, and MSS 653.","MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples.","The Watts family papers of Roanoke County, Virginia at \"Oaklands\" in Flat Creek, Campbell County) consist of correspondence and documents related to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the United States Civil War, war with Osceola and Seminole tribes in Florida, Virginia politics, economic and social history (including enslavement),land ownership, farming, court cases and debt from 1786 to 1950 in southwest Virginia. The Watts are related to many other Virginia families including James and Dolley Madison. This collection represents a great view into historical and social events of the eighteenth and nineteenth century in Virginia.","The papers of this family of landowners, farmers, politicians, and attorneys portray the rich southern antebellum life on the Oaklands plantation. Despite the told and true characteristics of the kindness of the Watts family, they were nineteenth century southern plantation owners who owned hundreds of enslaved persons. The letters and receipts in the collection include many first names and some last names. One enslaved person, Henry Langhorne, a lifetime attendant of Colonel William Watts was bequeathed $1,000 and a home for life. ","Some letters mention the Watt's efforts to keep enslaved families from being separated by intervening in the sales of enslaved persons. There are many references to enslaved people among their households and farm, including descriptions of providing their clothing, housing, and nurturing them when they were sick, like family members. It is important to note that the collection also contains receipts for their purchase and loan. ","The issue of enslavement is discussed in local meetings that Watts attended. There are also letters from former enslaved persons such as [Malinda] Langhorne and William Langhorne to Watts family members and photographs of enslaved persons, Aunt Sally and Aunt Phoebe standing together, and a photograph of Uncle Lou with the Watts children. ","There is also correspondence about financial and legal matters as Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his father, General Edward Watts (1779-1859), were attorneys. Much of their correspondence relates to collecting debts, indentures, land surveys, receipts, and politics (Whig party, Commonwealth Attorney, Constitutional Convention, Virginia Delegates, and candidacy for Governor), and religion. The papers contain discussions about the popular faith of Presbyterians and Episcopalians). The University of Virginia, Washington \u0026 Lee, and William \u0026 Mary College are also mentioned.","The collection spans six generations of the Watts family including General Edward Watts and his wife Elizabeth Breckinridge (1794-1862), their son Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his wife Mary Jane Allen (1825-1855). Also included is their son, John Allen Watts and his wife Gertrude Lee. ","Other related families include Madison, Breckenridge, Allen, Jackson, Watson, Morris, Gamble, Payne, Washington, Meigs, and Saunders. (MSS 653) Other related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples..(see related materials note)","The papers of Mary Scott Watts Gamble have been combined into this collection. These letters contain her accounts of attacks by Osceola and Seminole people in Florida. She mentions that Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835) ","Box 1 contains a folder of transcriptions for some of the collection letters and a folder of biographical information.","Letter dated 1819 mentions \"Joshua\" who rode Edward Watts' horse for him.","There are newspaper clippings about the Watts family. Included is a newspaper article, \"Number of Colored Residents Have Been Here for 50 Years,\" 28 January, 1934 about families in Roanoke that were enslaved 50 years earlier. Nettie Simms Calloway claims that her father, L. M. Simm, was owned by Colonel William Watts and that her great-grandmother was enslaved by General Edward Watts at Oaklands. Other family names of enslaved persons are named in the article. ","An obituary for Colonel William Watts mentions that a large group enslaved people were around him at his death including Henry Langhorne who had attended him during the war and throughout his life. Colonel Watts left him $1,000 in his will and a permanent home. ","There is an address by John Allen Watts and  newspaper clippings about the Watts family.","A. Indentures, deeds, plats, receipts, tax statements,petitions, and wills. B. Letters about debt collection. C.Stocks D. Receipt for goods and services for Watts family","[Leather Bound] Reverend Washington Erben and Reverend Clement Butler, Reverend Alfred Nevin, Gustave Dore\nErben, Washington; Butler, Clement, Nevin, Alfred; Dore, Gustave [Illustrator]\nPublished by John E. Potter and Company, 1880","Autographed Elizabeth Watts, with date January 1817. Written note \"December 29, [1846] I commenced.\" Paste down on inside front cover, obituary of General Edward Watts, August 9, 1859.","This series consists of the correspondence of the Breckinridge, Gamble, and Watts families, ca.1794-1850, but chiefly that of Mary Scott Watts Gamble (1814-1840)daughter of General Edward Watts. The name has been changed to Watts family papers as of March 2023. There are many related collections of the Watts family papers. MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; and MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples.","Mary Gamble wrote to her aunt, Emma W. Breckinridge, Grove Hill, Fincastle, Botetourt County, Virginia; her mother, Elizabeth Breckinridge Watts and her father, General Edward Watts, Oakland, near Big Lick, Botetourt County, Virginia; her brothers, William and James B. Watts; and her sisters, Ann S. Watts and Letitia G. Watts. ","Most of the letters to her immediate family were written after her marriage and move to Welaunee, Florida, located near Tallahassee, except for several to her brother William Watts while he was away at the New London Academy, Campbell County, Virginia. Many of Mary Watts Gamble's letters are to her aunt, Mrs. Cary Breckinridge (Emma W. Gilmer), 1831-1838, and most of them were written prior to her marriage in 1834. All of her undated letters to her aunt appear to have been written before her marriage and are filed at the beginning of the year 1834 as [ante 1834]. ","Mary Watts Gamble at Flat Creek writes about the purchase of 34 enslaved persons by Uncle Gamble to prepare the ground for cotton. Her letters also describe her experiences of the conflicts with the Osceola and Seminole warriors in Florida (causing her to learn how to load and shoot a gun). She mentions the Second Seminole War in Florida. Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835) ","There are details of her accounts of the interactions of the Seminoles  on women, children, and enslaved persons including one on the property of Judge Randall, including the burning of buildings in Magnolia and Hickstown and upon the home, family, and enslaved persons of Mrs. Purifoy, wife of a Methodist minister and daughter of Captain Byrd, just four miles away from Welaunee (April 13, 1838). She mentions the removal of the Apalachicola tribe to the West; the actions of Territorial Governor Richard Keith Call (1792-1862), and the Gambles forced evacuation from Welaunee to Tallahassee for safety. (May 9, 1836) They planned to sail on the Brig Orion from St. Marks to New Orleans, taking a steamboat to Louisville, and then proceeding by mail [coach?] to White Sulphur Springs, [West] Virginia (May 21, 1836). ","She also mentions her disapproval of the plans of General [Winfield?] Scott for delaying the pursuit of the Seminole War to a later time. She writes about the recent Texas disasters at [the Alamo?] and the loss of [James Walker] Fannin's detachment at the Massacre at La Bahia (Goliad), including concern about the fate of her acquaintances Burr and John Duval. A website on the history of Texas records that Burr and Duval were captured and executed (April 24, 1836). ","Her letters also include the health and news of famly members; her marriage to her cousin James Gamble; her attendance at three days of preaching at the Academy (May 19, 1832); the unpopularity of the Reverend [Gyng?] in Tallahasseethe family's concern for William and Robert over an outbreak of scarlet fever near New London Academy(January 12, 1833); and the illness and death of her grandfather, General James Breckinridge.   (May 15, 1833).","\nAdditional subjects include  attempts to persuade her her attempts to convince her brother James to begin his law practice in Tallahassee and comments about the presidential election.She describes the romantic affairs of her brother James; her illness and plans to recover in Virginia (May 15, 1837); her stay in St. Joseph [Bay?] for the summer because of her health, reading the works of Hannah More (1745-1833) while staying in St. Joseph, especially The History of Hester Wilmot and description of the area (July 30, 1838); her return to Tallahassee, and her husband's new store (October 22, 1838); and her stay in a boarding house near the store (December 15, 1838). ","Correspondents in the folder of general correspondence of the Breckinridge, Gamble, and Watts families include: Robert Breckinridge to James Breckinridge concerning business matters (March 20 and July 23, 1794; n.d.); John Breckinridge to James Breckinridge concerning business matters, his lawsuit with Isaac Robinson, and a reference to the Whisky Rebellion at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania (August 19, 1794); William Breckinridge to James Breckinridge (September 1794); James Breckinridge to Ann Breckinridge discussing the sickness of Lewis and news about others of their acquaintance (January 24, 1819); James Breckinridge to Edward Watts mentions the James River bill and the death of Judge Fleming which left a vacancy on the court (February 22, 1824). ","Mary Page Randolph discusses her unexpected trip to Montpelier, Orange County, and Edgehill, Albemarle County, Virginia, with Thomas Jefferson Randolph, and sympathy for Mary S. Watts' \"late bereavement\" (July 22, 1833); Robert Gamble to Colonel Edward Watts discusses the visit of Mary Scott Watts and the death of his niece Laura (January 13, 1834); Edward Watts to his daughter, Elizabeth B. Watts, announcing the death of Mary Watts Gamble on May 22, 1840 (1840); Emma W. Breckinridge to her niece Letty [Letitia G. Watts?] (December 21, 1850); and John Wickham to James Breckinridge, notifying them of a death which has greatly distressed Betsy (August 14, n.y.). ","There are several letters from Nannie Gamble to her cousin, Letitia G. Watts, in which she describes her return visit from New York to Savannah, Georgia by ship (November 13, 1843) furnishes news of the family while in the mountains, near Abingdon, Virginia (January 20, 1845); expresses her sorrow at the news of the death of their friend, Lizzie Peyton, and describes the difficult journey home from Abingdon to Tallahassee which took five weeks (March 4, 1845); mentions the death of Lucy Gilmer (May 31, 1845); and a final letter from Nannie Gamble with a note written by Letitia on the bottom, \"The last letter ever received from my darling cousin N.S.G. who is now numbered with the dead\" (September 9, 1845). ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12170","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1396"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Watts family papers-addition"],"collection_title_tesim":["Watts family papers-addition"],"collection_ssim":["Watts family papers-addition"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Katherine Watts to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 9 April 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["9 Cubic Feet 12 legal size document boxes, 1 half-size legal document box, 2 cubics of bibles, and 2 oversize boxes",".107 Gigabytes","0.25 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9 Cubic Feet 12 legal size document boxes, 1 half-size legal document box, 2 cubics of bibles, and 2 oversize boxes",".107 Gigabytes","0.25 Cubic Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["2,588 files, 2, 371 MS Word files, 176 Open office documents, 23 jpegs, 13 Apple/Double files, 3 tiffs, 1 pdf.","Oversize box: Photographs and certificates of Watts family members (deframed)"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Watts family papers are arranged into 9 series. Series 1. Family Correspondence, Series 2. Genealogy, History and letters of James and Dolley Madison, Series 3. Documents related to enslavement, Series 4. Legal and Financial papers, Subseries A. Indentures, Subseries B. Marriage agreements, petitions, statements, and wills, Subseries C. Letters about collecting debts, Subseries D. Receipts for goods and services of the Watts family, Series 5. Newspaper clippings and miscellaneous family papers and oversize photographs, Series 6. Family Bibles, Series 7. Roanoke Gun Club Inc. land, Series 8. Showalter transcriptions on digital materials and a flash drive. Box 1 contains folders with some transcription of the letters in the collection and a folder with biographical information. Box 12 contains folders with an index and a folder of miscellaneous information about the collection. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdded existing collection MSS 12170 (3 folders) of Breckinridge, Gamble and Watts families into this addition of Watts family papers MSS 12170. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Watts family papers are arranged into 9 series. Series 1. Family Correspondence, Series 2. Genealogy, History and letters of James and Dolley Madison, Series 3. Documents related to enslavement, Series 4. Legal and Financial papers, Subseries A. Indentures, Subseries B. Marriage agreements, petitions, statements, and wills, Subseries C. Letters about collecting debts, Subseries D. Receipts for goods and services of the Watts family, Series 5. Newspaper clippings and miscellaneous family papers and oversize photographs, Series 6. Family Bibles, Series 7. Roanoke Gun Club Inc. land, Series 8. Showalter transcriptions on digital materials and a flash drive. Box 1 contains folders with some transcription of the letters in the collection and a folder with biographical information. Box 12 contains folders with an index and a folder of miscellaneous information about the collection. ","Added existing collection MSS 12170 (3 folders) of Breckinridge, Gamble and Watts families into this addition of Watts family papers MSS 12170. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Watts family has been part of the Roanoke Valley (also called \"Big Lick\") in Virginia for six generations. General Edward Watts was born on 7 April 1779, in Prince Edward, Virginia. He was the son of William Watts (1742-1797), and Mary Scott (1758-1836). He married Elizabeth Breckinridge, the daughter of James Breckinridge on 6 May 1811 and they had 10 children, including William Watts (1817-1877), Mary Scott Gamble (1814-1840), Ann Selden Watts Holcombe (1820-1888), Alice Watts Robertson (1832-1914), Emma Gilmer Watts Carr (1834-1872) and Letitia Watts Sorrell (1829-1900). Edward Watts purchased 400 acres of land from his father-in-law, James Breckinridge (called The Barrens) where he built his home \"Oaklands\" in 1817. General Edward Watts died in 1859 at age 59. The Watts and Breckinridge families were well-known families in southwest Virginia who enslaved people during the American Revolution and the American Civil War. They were admired by their peers as influential attorneys, politicians, and land owners who often opened their house to the community.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Edward Watts was educated at Liberty Hall Academy (Washington \u0026amp; Lee), and Princeton. He was an officer in the War of 1812 and was the Commonwealth attorney for Roanoke County from 1839 to 1845. His son, William Watts (1817-1877) was a Colonel in the 28th Infantry of the Confederate Army (Roanoke Greys). He was educated in medicine and law at the University of Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, he followed in his father's path as the Commonwealth attorney from 1845 to 1854. He was in the State Constitutional Convention (1850-1851), and was president of the Exchange Bank of Virginia. He also ran for governor in 1834 and 1842. He served in the legislature for one term in 1875. He married Mary Allen in 1850 and they had one living son, John Allen Watts (1855-1904). Mary Allen died following his birth in 1855. Colonel William Watts was also a farmer who enslaved over 100 people. He was said to have one enslaved person as his \"body servant\" through the war and gave him a home for life. Research of the collection has not yet provided his name.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Allen Watts (1855-1904) nicknamed \"Squat\" was also a student at the University of Virginia and became an attorney. He married Gertrude Lee and they had a son named William. John Allen Watts sold Oaklands to a develpment company and it burned down in 1897. Descendants Jean Staples Showalter, English Showalter, and Katherine Watts donated this collection of their family's papers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Roanoke and Western Virginia: Glimpses of the Pst: Oaklands\" http://showalter.blogspot.com/2010/12/oaklands.html\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBarnes, Raymond. \"Confederates of Roanoke-V: General Edward Watts and Colonel William Watts Founded Clan\" Roanoke World News. 5 April 1961. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/94647C8F-8806-4D18-8A04-445143233613#gallery\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBarnes, Raymond. 'Oaklands' Was Hospitable Seat of Watts Family for Generations: Needed Big Staff\" Roanoke World News. 21 May 1958. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/53DC8EB0-DBE3-4B95-B4AF-027946626463#gallery\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWatts, Katherine. \"The Roanoke Valley and the Watts Family\" June 1984.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Watts family has been part of the Roanoke Valley (also called \"Big Lick\") in Virginia for six generations. General Edward Watts was born on 7 April 1779, in Prince Edward, Virginia. He was the son of William Watts (1742-1797), and Mary Scott (1758-1836). He married Elizabeth Breckinridge, the daughter of James Breckinridge on 6 May 1811 and they had 10 children, including William Watts (1817-1877), Mary Scott Gamble (1814-1840), Ann Selden Watts Holcombe (1820-1888), Alice Watts Robertson (1832-1914), Emma Gilmer Watts Carr (1834-1872) and Letitia Watts Sorrell (1829-1900). Edward Watts purchased 400 acres of land from his father-in-law, James Breckinridge (called The Barrens) where he built his home \"Oaklands\" in 1817. General Edward Watts died in 1859 at age 59. The Watts and Breckinridge families were well-known families in southwest Virginia who enslaved people during the American Revolution and the American Civil War. They were admired by their peers as influential attorneys, politicians, and land owners who often opened their house to the community.","General Edward Watts was educated at Liberty Hall Academy (Washington \u0026 Lee), and Princeton. He was an officer in the War of 1812 and was the Commonwealth attorney for Roanoke County from 1839 to 1845. His son, William Watts (1817-1877) was a Colonel in the 28th Infantry of the Confederate Army (Roanoke Greys). He was educated in medicine and law at the University of Virginia. ","After the war, he followed in his father's path as the Commonwealth attorney from 1845 to 1854. He was in the State Constitutional Convention (1850-1851), and was president of the Exchange Bank of Virginia. He also ran for governor in 1834 and 1842. He served in the legislature for one term in 1875. He married Mary Allen in 1850 and they had one living son, John Allen Watts (1855-1904). Mary Allen died following his birth in 1855. Colonel William Watts was also a farmer who enslaved over 100 people. He was said to have one enslaved person as his \"body servant\" through the war and gave him a home for life. Research of the collection has not yet provided his name.","John Allen Watts (1855-1904) nicknamed \"Squat\" was also a student at the University of Virginia and became an attorney. He married Gertrude Lee and they had a son named William. John Allen Watts sold Oaklands to a develpment company and it burned down in 1897. Descendants Jean Staples Showalter, English Showalter, and Katherine Watts donated this collection of their family's papers. ","Sources:\n\"Roanoke and Western Virginia: Glimpses of the Pst: Oaklands\" http://showalter.blogspot.com/2010/12/oaklands.html","Barnes, Raymond. \"Confederates of Roanoke-V: General Edward Watts and Colonel William Watts Founded Clan\" Roanoke World News. 5 April 1961. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/94647C8F-8806-4D18-8A04-445143233613#gallery","\nBarnes, Raymond. 'Oaklands' Was Hospitable Seat of Watts Family for Generations: Needed Big Staff\" Roanoke World News. 21 May 1958. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/53DC8EB0-DBE3-4B95-B4AF-027946626463#gallery","\nWatts, Katherine. \"The Roanoke Valley and the Watts Family\" June 1984."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12170, Watts family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12170, Watts family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere is a website at the O. Winston Link Museum (History Museum of West Virginia) that has many of the Watts family letters online \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?page=3\u0026amp;keyword=Watts%2C%20William\u0026amp;searchType=person\u0026amp;showsearch=True\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRelated collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 8914, and MSS 653.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There is a website at the O. Winston Link Museum (History Museum of West Virginia) that has many of the Watts family letters online ","https://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?page=3\u0026keyword=Watts%2C%20William\u0026searchType=person\u0026showsearch=True","Related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 8914, and MSS 653.","MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Watts family papers of Roanoke County, Virginia at \"Oaklands\" in Flat Creek, Campbell County) consist of correspondence and documents related to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the United States Civil War, war with Osceola and Seminole tribes in Florida, Virginia politics, economic and social history (including enslavement),land ownership, farming, court cases and debt from 1786 to 1950 in southwest Virginia. The Watts are related to many other Virginia families including James and Dolley Madison. This collection represents a great view into historical and social events of the eighteenth and nineteenth century in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of this family of landowners, farmers, politicians, and attorneys portray the rich southern antebellum life on the Oaklands plantation. Despite the told and true characteristics of the kindness of the Watts family, they were nineteenth century southern plantation owners who owned hundreds of enslaved persons. The letters and receipts in the collection include many first names and some last names. One enslaved person, Henry Langhorne, a lifetime attendant of Colonel William Watts was bequeathed $1,000 and a home for life. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome letters mention the Watt's efforts to keep enslaved families from being separated by intervening in the sales of enslaved persons. There are many references to enslaved people among their households and farm, including descriptions of providing their clothing, housing, and nurturing them when they were sick, like family members. It is important to note that the collection also contains receipts for their purchase and loan. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe issue of enslavement is discussed in local meetings that Watts attended. There are also letters from former enslaved persons such as [Malinda] Langhorne and William Langhorne to Watts family members and photographs of enslaved persons, Aunt Sally and Aunt Phoebe standing together, and a photograph of Uncle Lou with the Watts children. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also correspondence about financial and legal matters as Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his father, General Edward Watts (1779-1859), were attorneys. Much of their correspondence relates to collecting debts, indentures, land surveys, receipts, and politics (Whig party, Commonwealth Attorney, Constitutional Convention, Virginia Delegates, and candidacy for Governor), and religion. The papers contain discussions about the popular faith of Presbyterians and Episcopalians). The University of Virginia, Washington \u0026amp; Lee, and William \u0026amp; Mary College are also mentioned.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection spans six generations of the Watts family including General Edward Watts and his wife Elizabeth Breckinridge (1794-1862), their son Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his wife Mary Jane Allen (1825-1855). Also included is their son, John Allen Watts and his wife Gertrude Lee. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther related families include Madison, Breckenridge, Allen, Jackson, Watson, Morris, Gamble, Payne, Washington, Meigs, and Saunders. (MSS 653) Other related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples..(see related materials note)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Mary Scott Watts Gamble have been combined into this collection. These letters contain her accounts of attacks by Osceola and Seminole people in Florida. She mentions that Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 1 contains a folder of transcriptions for some of the collection letters and a folder of biographical information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter dated 1819 mentions \"Joshua\" who rode Edward Watts' horse for him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are newspaper clippings about the Watts family. Included is a newspaper article, \"Number of Colored Residents Have Been Here for 50 Years,\" 28 January, 1934 about families in Roanoke that were enslaved 50 years earlier. Nettie Simms Calloway claims that her father, L. M. Simm, was owned by Colonel William Watts and that her great-grandmother was enslaved by General Edward Watts at Oaklands. Other family names of enslaved persons are named in the article. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn obituary for Colonel William Watts mentions that a large group enslaved people were around him at his death including Henry Langhorne who had attended him during the war and throughout his life. Colonel Watts left him $1,000 in his will and a permanent home. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an address by John Allen Watts and  newspaper clippings about the Watts family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA. Indentures, deeds, plats, receipts, tax statements,petitions, and wills. B. Letters about debt collection. C.Stocks D. Receipt for goods and services for Watts family\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Leather Bound] Reverend Washington Erben and Reverend Clement Butler, Reverend Alfred Nevin, Gustave Dore\nErben, Washington; Butler, Clement, Nevin, Alfred; Dore, Gustave [Illustrator]\nPublished by John E. Potter and Company, 1880\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutographed Elizabeth Watts, with date January 1817. Written note \"December 29, [1846] I commenced.\" Paste down on inside front cover, obituary of General Edward Watts, August 9, 1859.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of the correspondence of the Breckinridge, Gamble, and Watts families, ca.1794-1850, but chiefly that of Mary Scott Watts Gamble (1814-1840)daughter of General Edward Watts. The name has been changed to Watts family papers as of March 2023. There are many related collections of the Watts family papers. MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; and MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Gamble wrote to her aunt, Emma W. Breckinridge, Grove Hill, Fincastle, Botetourt County, Virginia; her mother, Elizabeth Breckinridge Watts and her father, General Edward Watts, Oakland, near Big Lick, Botetourt County, Virginia; her brothers, William and James B. Watts; and her sisters, Ann S. Watts and Letitia G. Watts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the letters to her immediate family were written after her marriage and move to Welaunee, Florida, located near Tallahassee, except for several to her brother William Watts while he was away at the New London Academy, Campbell County, Virginia. Many of Mary Watts Gamble's letters are to her aunt, Mrs. Cary Breckinridge (Emma W. Gilmer), 1831-1838, and most of them were written prior to her marriage in 1834. All of her undated letters to her aunt appear to have been written before her marriage and are filed at the beginning of the year 1834 as [ante 1834]. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Watts Gamble at Flat Creek writes about the purchase of 34 enslaved persons by Uncle Gamble to prepare the ground for cotton. Her letters also describe her experiences of the conflicts with the Osceola and Seminole warriors in Florida (causing her to learn how to load and shoot a gun). She mentions the Second Seminole War in Florida. Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are details of her accounts of the interactions of the Seminoles  on women, children, and enslaved persons including one on the property of Judge Randall, including the burning of buildings in Magnolia and Hickstown and upon the home, family, and enslaved persons of Mrs. Purifoy, wife of a Methodist minister and daughter of Captain Byrd, just four miles away from Welaunee (April 13, 1838). She mentions the removal of the Apalachicola tribe to the West; the actions of Territorial Governor Richard Keith Call (1792-1862), and the Gambles forced evacuation from Welaunee to Tallahassee for safety. (May 9, 1836) They planned to sail on the Brig Orion from St. Marks to New Orleans, taking a steamboat to Louisville, and then proceeding by mail [coach?] to White Sulphur Springs, [West] Virginia (May 21, 1836). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe also mentions her disapproval of the plans of General [Winfield?] Scott for delaying the pursuit of the Seminole War to a later time. She writes about the recent Texas disasters at [the Alamo?] and the loss of [James Walker] Fannin's detachment at the Massacre at La Bahia (Goliad), including concern about the fate of her acquaintances Burr and John Duval. A website on the history of Texas records that Burr and Duval were captured and executed (April 24, 1836). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer letters also include the health and news of famly members; her marriage to her cousin James Gamble; her attendance at three days of preaching at the Academy (May 19, 1832); the unpopularity of the Reverend [Gyng?] in Tallahasseethe family's concern for William and Robert over an outbreak of scarlet fever near New London Academy(January 12, 1833); and the illness and death of her grandfather, General James Breckinridge.   (May 15, 1833).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAdditional subjects include  attempts to persuade her her attempts to convince her brother James to begin his law practice in Tallahassee and comments about the presidential election.She describes the romantic affairs of her brother James; her illness and plans to recover in Virginia (May 15, 1837); her stay in St. Joseph [Bay?] for the summer because of her health, reading the works of Hannah More (1745-1833) while staying in St. Joseph, especially The History of Hester Wilmot and description of the area (July 30, 1838); her return to Tallahassee, and her husband's new store (October 22, 1838); and her stay in a boarding house near the store (December 15, 1838). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents in the folder of general correspondence of the Breckinridge, Gamble, and Watts families include: Robert Breckinridge to James Breckinridge concerning business matters (March 20 and July 23, 1794; n.d.); John Breckinridge to James Breckinridge concerning business matters, his lawsuit with Isaac Robinson, and a reference to the Whisky Rebellion at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania (August 19, 1794); William Breckinridge to James Breckinridge (September 1794); James Breckinridge to Ann Breckinridge discussing the sickness of Lewis and news about others of their acquaintance (January 24, 1819); James Breckinridge to Edward Watts mentions the James River bill and the death of Judge Fleming which left a vacancy on the court (February 22, 1824). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Page Randolph discusses her unexpected trip to Montpelier, Orange County, and Edgehill, Albemarle County, Virginia, with Thomas Jefferson Randolph, and sympathy for Mary S. Watts' \"late bereavement\" (July 22, 1833); Robert Gamble to Colonel Edward Watts discusses the visit of Mary Scott Watts and the death of his niece Laura (January 13, 1834); Edward Watts to his daughter, Elizabeth B. Watts, announcing the death of Mary Watts Gamble on May 22, 1840 (1840); Emma W. Breckinridge to her niece Letty [Letitia G. Watts?] (December 21, 1850); and John Wickham to James Breckinridge, notifying them of a death which has greatly distressed Betsy (August 14, n.y.). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are several letters from Nannie Gamble to her cousin, Letitia G. Watts, in which she describes her return visit from New York to Savannah, Georgia by ship (November 13, 1843) furnishes news of the family while in the mountains, near Abingdon, Virginia (January 20, 1845); expresses her sorrow at the news of the death of their friend, Lizzie Peyton, and describes the difficult journey home from Abingdon to Tallahassee which took five weeks (March 4, 1845); mentions the death of Lucy Gilmer (May 31, 1845); and a final letter from Nannie Gamble with a note written by Letitia on the bottom, \"The last letter ever received from my darling cousin N.S.G. who is now numbered with the dead\" (September 9, 1845). \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Watts family papers of Roanoke County, Virginia at \"Oaklands\" in Flat Creek, Campbell County) consist of correspondence and documents related to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the United States Civil War, war with Osceola and Seminole tribes in Florida, Virginia politics, economic and social history (including enslavement),land ownership, farming, court cases and debt from 1786 to 1950 in southwest Virginia. The Watts are related to many other Virginia families including James and Dolley Madison. This collection represents a great view into historical and social events of the eighteenth and nineteenth century in Virginia.","The papers of this family of landowners, farmers, politicians, and attorneys portray the rich southern antebellum life on the Oaklands plantation. Despite the told and true characteristics of the kindness of the Watts family, they were nineteenth century southern plantation owners who owned hundreds of enslaved persons. The letters and receipts in the collection include many first names and some last names. One enslaved person, Henry Langhorne, a lifetime attendant of Colonel William Watts was bequeathed $1,000 and a home for life. ","Some letters mention the Watt's efforts to keep enslaved families from being separated by intervening in the sales of enslaved persons. There are many references to enslaved people among their households and farm, including descriptions of providing their clothing, housing, and nurturing them when they were sick, like family members. It is important to note that the collection also contains receipts for their purchase and loan. ","The issue of enslavement is discussed in local meetings that Watts attended. There are also letters from former enslaved persons such as [Malinda] Langhorne and William Langhorne to Watts family members and photographs of enslaved persons, Aunt Sally and Aunt Phoebe standing together, and a photograph of Uncle Lou with the Watts children. ","There is also correspondence about financial and legal matters as Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his father, General Edward Watts (1779-1859), were attorneys. Much of their correspondence relates to collecting debts, indentures, land surveys, receipts, and politics (Whig party, Commonwealth Attorney, Constitutional Convention, Virginia Delegates, and candidacy for Governor), and religion. The papers contain discussions about the popular faith of Presbyterians and Episcopalians). The University of Virginia, Washington \u0026 Lee, and William \u0026 Mary College are also mentioned.","The collection spans six generations of the Watts family including General Edward Watts and his wife Elizabeth Breckinridge (1794-1862), their son Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his wife Mary Jane Allen (1825-1855). Also included is their son, John Allen Watts and his wife Gertrude Lee. ","Other related families include Madison, Breckenridge, Allen, Jackson, Watson, Morris, Gamble, Payne, Washington, Meigs, and Saunders. (MSS 653) Other related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples..(see related materials note)","The papers of Mary Scott Watts Gamble have been combined into this collection. These letters contain her accounts of attacks by Osceola and Seminole people in Florida. She mentions that Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835) ","Box 1 contains a folder of transcriptions for some of the collection letters and a folder of biographical information.","Letter dated 1819 mentions \"Joshua\" who rode Edward Watts' horse for him.","There are newspaper clippings about the Watts family. Included is a newspaper article, \"Number of Colored Residents Have Been Here for 50 Years,\" 28 January, 1934 about families in Roanoke that were enslaved 50 years earlier. Nettie Simms Calloway claims that her father, L. M. Simm, was owned by Colonel William Watts and that her great-grandmother was enslaved by General Edward Watts at Oaklands. Other family names of enslaved persons are named in the article. ","An obituary for Colonel William Watts mentions that a large group enslaved people were around him at his death including Henry Langhorne who had attended him during the war and throughout his life. Colonel Watts left him $1,000 in his will and a permanent home. ","There is an address by John Allen Watts and  newspaper clippings about the Watts family.","A. Indentures, deeds, plats, receipts, tax statements,petitions, and wills. B. Letters about debt collection. C.Stocks D. Receipt for goods and services for Watts family","[Leather Bound] Reverend Washington Erben and Reverend Clement Butler, Reverend Alfred Nevin, Gustave Dore\nErben, Washington; Butler, Clement, Nevin, Alfred; Dore, Gustave [Illustrator]\nPublished by John E. Potter and Company, 1880","Autographed Elizabeth Watts, with date January 1817. Written note \"December 29, [1846] I commenced.\" Paste down on inside front cover, obituary of General Edward Watts, August 9, 1859.","This series consists of the correspondence of the Breckinridge, Gamble, and Watts families, ca.1794-1850, but chiefly that of Mary Scott Watts Gamble (1814-1840)daughter of General Edward Watts. The name has been changed to Watts family papers as of March 2023. There are many related collections of the Watts family papers. MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; and MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples.","Mary Gamble wrote to her aunt, Emma W. Breckinridge, Grove Hill, Fincastle, Botetourt County, Virginia; her mother, Elizabeth Breckinridge Watts and her father, General Edward Watts, Oakland, near Big Lick, Botetourt County, Virginia; her brothers, William and James B. Watts; and her sisters, Ann S. Watts and Letitia G. Watts. ","Most of the letters to her immediate family were written after her marriage and move to Welaunee, Florida, located near Tallahassee, except for several to her brother William Watts while he was away at the New London Academy, Campbell County, Virginia. Many of Mary Watts Gamble's letters are to her aunt, Mrs. Cary Breckinridge (Emma W. Gilmer), 1831-1838, and most of them were written prior to her marriage in 1834. All of her undated letters to her aunt appear to have been written before her marriage and are filed at the beginning of the year 1834 as [ante 1834]. ","Mary Watts Gamble at Flat Creek writes about the purchase of 34 enslaved persons by Uncle Gamble to prepare the ground for cotton. Her letters also describe her experiences of the conflicts with the Osceola and Seminole warriors in Florida (causing her to learn how to load and shoot a gun). She mentions the Second Seminole War in Florida. Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835) ","There are details of her accounts of the interactions of the Seminoles  on women, children, and enslaved persons including one on the property of Judge Randall, including the burning of buildings in Magnolia and Hickstown and upon the home, family, and enslaved persons of Mrs. Purifoy, wife of a Methodist minister and daughter of Captain Byrd, just four miles away from Welaunee (April 13, 1838). She mentions the removal of the Apalachicola tribe to the West; the actions of Territorial Governor Richard Keith Call (1792-1862), and the Gambles forced evacuation from Welaunee to Tallahassee for safety. (May 9, 1836) They planned to sail on the Brig Orion from St. Marks to New Orleans, taking a steamboat to Louisville, and then proceeding by mail [coach?] to White Sulphur Springs, [West] Virginia (May 21, 1836). ","She also mentions her disapproval of the plans of General [Winfield?] Scott for delaying the pursuit of the Seminole War to a later time. She writes about the recent Texas disasters at [the Alamo?] and the loss of [James Walker] Fannin's detachment at the Massacre at La Bahia (Goliad), including concern about the fate of her acquaintances Burr and John Duval. A website on the history of Texas records that Burr and Duval were captured and executed (April 24, 1836). ","Her letters also include the health and news of famly members; her marriage to her cousin James Gamble; her attendance at three days of preaching at the Academy (May 19, 1832); the unpopularity of the Reverend [Gyng?] in Tallahasseethe family's concern for William and Robert over an outbreak of scarlet fever near New London Academy(January 12, 1833); and the illness and death of her grandfather, General James Breckinridge.   (May 15, 1833).","\nAdditional subjects include  attempts to persuade her her attempts to convince her brother James to begin his law practice in Tallahassee and comments about the presidential election.She describes the romantic affairs of her brother James; her illness and plans to recover in Virginia (May 15, 1837); her stay in St. Joseph [Bay?] for the summer because of her health, reading the works of Hannah More (1745-1833) while staying in St. Joseph, especially The History of Hester Wilmot and description of the area (July 30, 1838); her return to Tallahassee, and her husband's new store (October 22, 1838); and her stay in a boarding house near the store (December 15, 1838). ","Correspondents in the folder of general correspondence of the Breckinridge, Gamble, and Watts families include: Robert Breckinridge to James Breckinridge concerning business matters (March 20 and July 23, 1794; n.d.); John Breckinridge to James Breckinridge concerning business matters, his lawsuit with Isaac Robinson, and a reference to the Whisky Rebellion at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania (August 19, 1794); William Breckinridge to James Breckinridge (September 1794); James Breckinridge to Ann Breckinridge discussing the sickness of Lewis and news about others of their acquaintance (January 24, 1819); James Breckinridge to Edward Watts mentions the James River bill and the death of Judge Fleming which left a vacancy on the court (February 22, 1824). ","Mary Page Randolph discusses her unexpected trip to Montpelier, Orange County, and Edgehill, Albemarle County, Virginia, with Thomas Jefferson Randolph, and sympathy for Mary S. Watts' \"late bereavement\" (July 22, 1833); Robert Gamble to Colonel Edward Watts discusses the visit of Mary Scott Watts and the death of his niece Laura (January 13, 1834); Edward Watts to his daughter, Elizabeth B. Watts, announcing the death of Mary Watts Gamble on May 22, 1840 (1840); Emma W. Breckinridge to her niece Letty [Letitia G. Watts?] (December 21, 1850); and John Wickham to James Breckinridge, notifying them of a death which has greatly distressed Betsy (August 14, n.y.). ","There are several letters from Nannie Gamble to her cousin, Letitia G. Watts, in which she describes her return visit from New York to Savannah, Georgia by ship (November 13, 1843) furnishes news of the family while in the mountains, near Abingdon, Virginia (January 20, 1845); expresses her sorrow at the news of the death of their friend, Lizzie Peyton, and describes the difficult journey home from Abingdon to Tallahassee which took five weeks (March 4, 1845); mentions the death of Lucy Gilmer (May 31, 1845); and a final letter from Nannie Gamble with a note written by Letitia on the bottom, \"The last letter ever received from my darling cousin N.S.G. who is now numbered with the dead\" (September 9, 1845). "],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":281,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1396","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1396.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/151360","title_filing_ssi":"Watts family papers","title_ssm":["Watts family papers-addition"],"title_tesim":["Watts family 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Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1396"],"text":["MSS 12170","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous 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Key","/repositories/3/resources/1396","Watts family papers-addition","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia","The collection is open for research use.","The Watts family papers are arranged into 9 series. Series 1. Family Correspondence, Series 2. Genealogy, History and letters of James and Dolley Madison, Series 3. Documents related to enslavement, Series 4. Legal and Financial papers, Subseries A. Indentures, Subseries B. Marriage agreements, petitions, statements, and wills, Subseries C. Letters about collecting debts, Subseries D. Receipts for goods and services of the Watts family, Series 5. Newspaper clippings and miscellaneous family papers and oversize photographs, Series 6. Family Bibles, Series 7. Roanoke Gun Club Inc. land, Series 8. Showalter transcriptions on digital materials and a flash drive. Box 1 contains folders with some transcription of the letters in the collection and a folder with biographical information. Box 12 contains folders with an index and a folder of miscellaneous information about the collection. ","Added existing collection MSS 12170 (3 folders) of Breckinridge, Gamble and Watts families into this addition of Watts family papers MSS 12170. ","The Watts family has been part of the Roanoke Valley (also called \"Big Lick\") in Virginia for six generations. General Edward Watts was born on 7 April 1779, in Prince Edward, Virginia. He was the son of William Watts (1742-1797), and Mary Scott (1758-1836). He married Elizabeth Breckinridge, the daughter of James Breckinridge on 6 May 1811 and they had 10 children, including William Watts (1817-1877), Mary Scott Gamble (1814-1840), Ann Selden Watts Holcombe (1820-1888), Alice Watts Robertson (1832-1914), Emma Gilmer Watts Carr (1834-1872) and Letitia Watts Sorrell (1829-1900). Edward Watts purchased 400 acres of land from his father-in-law, James Breckinridge (called The Barrens) where he built his home \"Oaklands\" in 1817. General Edward Watts died in 1859 at age 59. The Watts and Breckinridge families were well-known families in southwest Virginia who enslaved people during the American Revolution and the American Civil War. They were admired by their peers as influential attorneys, politicians, and land owners who often opened their house to the community.","General Edward Watts was educated at Liberty Hall Academy (Washington \u0026 Lee), and Princeton. He was an officer in the War of 1812 and was the Commonwealth attorney for Roanoke County from 1839 to 1845. His son, William Watts (1817-1877) was a Colonel in the 28th Infantry of the Confederate Army (Roanoke Greys). He was educated in medicine and law at the University of Virginia. ","After the war, he followed in his father's path as the Commonwealth attorney from 1845 to 1854. He was in the State Constitutional Convention (1850-1851), and was president of the Exchange Bank of Virginia. He also ran for governor in 1834 and 1842. He served in the legislature for one term in 1875. He married Mary Allen in 1850 and they had one living son, John Allen Watts (1855-1904). Mary Allen died following his birth in 1855. Colonel William Watts was also a farmer who enslaved over 100 people. He was said to have one enslaved person as his \"body servant\" through the war and gave him a home for life. Research of the collection has not yet provided his name.","John Allen Watts (1855-1904) nicknamed \"Squat\" was also a student at the University of Virginia and became an attorney. He married Gertrude Lee and they had a son named William. John Allen Watts sold Oaklands to a develpment company and it burned down in 1897. Descendants Jean Staples Showalter, English Showalter, and Katherine Watts donated this collection of their family's papers. ","Sources:\n\"Roanoke and Western Virginia: Glimpses of the Pst: Oaklands\" http://showalter.blogspot.com/2010/12/oaklands.html","Barnes, Raymond. \"Confederates of Roanoke-V: General Edward Watts and Colonel William Watts Founded Clan\" Roanoke World News. 5 April 1961. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/94647C8F-8806-4D18-8A04-445143233613#gallery","\nBarnes, Raymond. 'Oaklands' Was Hospitable Seat of Watts Family for Generations: Needed Big Staff\" Roanoke World News. 21 May 1958. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/53DC8EB0-DBE3-4B95-B4AF-027946626463#gallery","\nWatts, Katherine. \"The Roanoke Valley and the Watts Family\" June 1984.","There is a website at the O. Winston Link Museum (History Museum of West Virginia) that has many of the Watts family letters online ","https://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?page=3\u0026keyword=Watts%2C%20William\u0026searchType=person\u0026showsearch=True","Related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 8914, and MSS 653.","MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples.","The Watts family papers of Roanoke County, Virginia at \"Oaklands\" in Flat Creek, Campbell County) consist of correspondence and documents related to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the United States Civil War, war with Osceola and Seminole tribes in Florida, Virginia politics, economic and social history (including enslavement),land ownership, farming, court cases and debt from 1786 to 1950 in southwest Virginia. The Watts are related to many other Virginia families including James and Dolley Madison. This collection represents a great view into historical and social events of the eighteenth and nineteenth century in Virginia.","The papers of this family of landowners, farmers, politicians, and attorneys portray the rich southern antebellum life on the Oaklands plantation. Despite the told and true characteristics of the kindness of the Watts family, they were nineteenth century southern plantation owners who owned hundreds of enslaved persons. The letters and receipts in the collection include many first names and some last names. One enslaved person, Henry Langhorne, a lifetime attendant of Colonel William Watts was bequeathed $1,000 and a home for life. ","Some letters mention the Watt's efforts to keep enslaved families from being separated by intervening in the sales of enslaved persons. There are many references to enslaved people among their households and farm, including descriptions of providing their clothing, housing, and nurturing them when they were sick, like family members. It is important to note that the collection also contains receipts for their purchase and loan. ","The issue of enslavement is discussed in local meetings that Watts attended. There are also letters from former enslaved persons such as [Malinda] Langhorne and William Langhorne to Watts family members and photographs of enslaved persons, Aunt Sally and Aunt Phoebe standing together, and a photograph of Uncle Lou with the Watts children. ","There is also correspondence about financial and legal matters as Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his father, General Edward Watts (1779-1859), were attorneys. Much of their correspondence relates to collecting debts, indentures, land surveys, receipts, and politics (Whig party, Commonwealth Attorney, Constitutional Convention, Virginia Delegates, and candidacy for Governor), and religion. The papers contain discussions about the popular faith of Presbyterians and Episcopalians). The University of Virginia, Washington \u0026 Lee, and William \u0026 Mary College are also mentioned.","The collection spans six generations of the Watts family including General Edward Watts and his wife Elizabeth Breckinridge (1794-1862), their son Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his wife Mary Jane Allen (1825-1855). Also included is their son, John Allen Watts and his wife Gertrude Lee. ","Other related families include Madison, Breckenridge, Allen, Jackson, Watson, Morris, Gamble, Payne, Washington, Meigs, and Saunders. (MSS 653) Other related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples..(see related materials note)","The papers of Mary Scott Watts Gamble have been combined into this collection. These letters contain her accounts of attacks by Osceola and Seminole people in Florida. She mentions that Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835) ","Box 1 contains a folder of transcriptions for some of the collection letters and a folder of biographical information.","Letter dated 1819 mentions \"Joshua\" who rode Edward Watts' horse for him.","There are newspaper clippings about the Watts family. Included is a newspaper article, \"Number of Colored Residents Have Been Here for 50 Years,\" 28 January, 1934 about families in Roanoke that were enslaved 50 years earlier. Nettie Simms Calloway claims that her father, L. M. Simm, was owned by Colonel William Watts and that her great-grandmother was enslaved by General Edward Watts at Oaklands. Other family names of enslaved persons are named in the article. ","An obituary for Colonel William Watts mentions that a large group enslaved people were around him at his death including Henry Langhorne who had attended him during the war and throughout his life. Colonel Watts left him $1,000 in his will and a permanent home. ","There is an address by John Allen Watts and  newspaper clippings about the Watts family.","A. Indentures, deeds, plats, receipts, tax statements,petitions, and wills. B. Letters about debt collection. C.Stocks D. Receipt for goods and services for Watts family","[Leather Bound] Reverend Washington Erben and Reverend Clement Butler, Reverend Alfred Nevin, Gustave Dore\nErben, Washington; Butler, Clement, Nevin, Alfred; Dore, Gustave [Illustrator]\nPublished by John E. Potter and Company, 1880","Autographed Elizabeth Watts, with date January 1817. Written note \"December 29, [1846] I commenced.\" Paste down on inside front cover, obituary of General Edward Watts, August 9, 1859.","This series consists of the correspondence of the Breckinridge, Gamble, and Watts families, ca.1794-1850, but chiefly that of Mary Scott Watts Gamble (1814-1840)daughter of General Edward Watts. The name has been changed to Watts family papers as of March 2023. There are many related collections of the Watts family papers. MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; and MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples.","Mary Gamble wrote to her aunt, Emma W. Breckinridge, Grove Hill, Fincastle, Botetourt County, Virginia; her mother, Elizabeth Breckinridge Watts and her father, General Edward Watts, Oakland, near Big Lick, Botetourt County, Virginia; her brothers, William and James B. Watts; and her sisters, Ann S. Watts and Letitia G. Watts. ","Most of the letters to her immediate family were written after her marriage and move to Welaunee, Florida, located near Tallahassee, except for several to her brother William Watts while he was away at the New London Academy, Campbell County, Virginia. Many of Mary Watts Gamble's letters are to her aunt, Mrs. Cary Breckinridge (Emma W. Gilmer), 1831-1838, and most of them were written prior to her marriage in 1834. All of her undated letters to her aunt appear to have been written before her marriage and are filed at the beginning of the year 1834 as [ante 1834]. ","Mary Watts Gamble at Flat Creek writes about the purchase of 34 enslaved persons by Uncle Gamble to prepare the ground for cotton. Her letters also describe her experiences of the conflicts with the Osceola and Seminole warriors in Florida (causing her to learn how to load and shoot a gun). She mentions the Second Seminole War in Florida. Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835) ","There are details of her accounts of the interactions of the Seminoles  on women, children, and enslaved persons including one on the property of Judge Randall, including the burning of buildings in Magnolia and Hickstown and upon the home, family, and enslaved persons of Mrs. Purifoy, wife of a Methodist minister and daughter of Captain Byrd, just four miles away from Welaunee (April 13, 1838). She mentions the removal of the Apalachicola tribe to the West; the actions of Territorial Governor Richard Keith Call (1792-1862), and the Gambles forced evacuation from Welaunee to Tallahassee for safety. (May 9, 1836) They planned to sail on the Brig Orion from St. Marks to New Orleans, taking a steamboat to Louisville, and then proceeding by mail [coach?] to White Sulphur Springs, [West] Virginia (May 21, 1836). ","She also mentions her disapproval of the plans of General [Winfield?] Scott for delaying the pursuit of the Seminole War to a later time. She writes about the recent Texas disasters at [the Alamo?] and the loss of [James Walker] Fannin's detachment at the Massacre at La Bahia (Goliad), including concern about the fate of her acquaintances Burr and John Duval. A website on the history of Texas records that Burr and Duval were captured and executed (April 24, 1836). ","Her letters also include the health and news of famly members; her marriage to her cousin James Gamble; her attendance at three days of preaching at the Academy (May 19, 1832); the unpopularity of the Reverend [Gyng?] in Tallahasseethe family's concern for William and Robert over an outbreak of scarlet fever near New London Academy(January 12, 1833); and the illness and death of her grandfather, General James Breckinridge.   (May 15, 1833).","\nAdditional subjects include  attempts to persuade her her attempts to convince her brother James to begin his law practice in Tallahassee and comments about the presidential election.She describes the romantic affairs of her brother James; her illness and plans to recover in Virginia (May 15, 1837); her stay in St. Joseph [Bay?] for the summer because of her health, reading the works of Hannah More (1745-1833) while staying in St. Joseph, especially The History of Hester Wilmot and description of the area (July 30, 1838); her return to Tallahassee, and her husband's new store (October 22, 1838); and her stay in a boarding house near the store (December 15, 1838). ","Correspondents in the folder of general correspondence of the Breckinridge, Gamble, and Watts families include: Robert Breckinridge to James Breckinridge concerning business matters (March 20 and July 23, 1794; n.d.); John Breckinridge to James Breckinridge concerning business matters, his lawsuit with Isaac Robinson, and a reference to the Whisky Rebellion at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania (August 19, 1794); William Breckinridge to James Breckinridge (September 1794); James Breckinridge to Ann Breckinridge discussing the sickness of Lewis and news about others of their acquaintance (January 24, 1819); James Breckinridge to Edward Watts mentions the James River bill and the death of Judge Fleming which left a vacancy on the court (February 22, 1824). ","Mary Page Randolph discusses her unexpected trip to Montpelier, Orange County, and Edgehill, Albemarle County, Virginia, with Thomas Jefferson Randolph, and sympathy for Mary S. Watts' \"late bereavement\" (July 22, 1833); Robert Gamble to Colonel Edward Watts discusses the visit of Mary Scott Watts and the death of his niece Laura (January 13, 1834); Edward Watts to his daughter, Elizabeth B. Watts, announcing the death of Mary Watts Gamble on May 22, 1840 (1840); Emma W. Breckinridge to her niece Letty [Letitia G. Watts?] (December 21, 1850); and John Wickham to James Breckinridge, notifying them of a death which has greatly distressed Betsy (August 14, n.y.). ","There are several letters from Nannie Gamble to her cousin, Letitia G. Watts, in which she describes her return visit from New York to Savannah, Georgia by ship (November 13, 1843) furnishes news of the family while in the mountains, near Abingdon, Virginia (January 20, 1845); expresses her sorrow at the news of the death of their friend, Lizzie Peyton, and describes the difficult journey home from Abingdon to Tallahassee which took five weeks (March 4, 1845); mentions the death of Lucy Gilmer (May 31, 1845); and a final letter from Nannie Gamble with a note written by Letitia on the bottom, \"The last letter ever received from my darling cousin N.S.G. who is now numbered with the dead\" (September 9, 1845). ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12170","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1396"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Watts family papers-addition"],"collection_title_tesim":["Watts family papers-addition"],"collection_ssim":["Watts family papers-addition"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Katherine Watts to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 9 April 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["9 Cubic Feet 12 legal size document boxes, 1 half-size legal document box, 2 cubics of bibles, and 2 oversize boxes",".107 Gigabytes","0.25 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["9 Cubic Feet 12 legal size document boxes, 1 half-size legal document box, 2 cubics of bibles, and 2 oversize boxes",".107 Gigabytes","0.25 Cubic Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["2,588 files, 2, 371 MS Word files, 176 Open office documents, 23 jpegs, 13 Apple/Double files, 3 tiffs, 1 pdf.","Oversize box: Photographs and certificates of Watts family members (deframed)"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Watts family papers are arranged into 9 series. Series 1. Family Correspondence, Series 2. Genealogy, History and letters of James and Dolley Madison, Series 3. Documents related to enslavement, Series 4. Legal and Financial papers, Subseries A. Indentures, Subseries B. Marriage agreements, petitions, statements, and wills, Subseries C. Letters about collecting debts, Subseries D. Receipts for goods and services of the Watts family, Series 5. Newspaper clippings and miscellaneous family papers and oversize photographs, Series 6. Family Bibles, Series 7. Roanoke Gun Club Inc. land, Series 8. Showalter transcriptions on digital materials and a flash drive. Box 1 contains folders with some transcription of the letters in the collection and a folder with biographical information. Box 12 contains folders with an index and a folder of miscellaneous information about the collection. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdded existing collection MSS 12170 (3 folders) of Breckinridge, Gamble and Watts families into this addition of Watts family papers MSS 12170. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Watts family papers are arranged into 9 series. Series 1. Family Correspondence, Series 2. Genealogy, History and letters of James and Dolley Madison, Series 3. Documents related to enslavement, Series 4. Legal and Financial papers, Subseries A. Indentures, Subseries B. Marriage agreements, petitions, statements, and wills, Subseries C. Letters about collecting debts, Subseries D. Receipts for goods and services of the Watts family, Series 5. Newspaper clippings and miscellaneous family papers and oversize photographs, Series 6. Family Bibles, Series 7. Roanoke Gun Club Inc. land, Series 8. Showalter transcriptions on digital materials and a flash drive. Box 1 contains folders with some transcription of the letters in the collection and a folder with biographical information. Box 12 contains folders with an index and a folder of miscellaneous information about the collection. ","Added existing collection MSS 12170 (3 folders) of Breckinridge, Gamble and Watts families into this addition of Watts family papers MSS 12170. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Watts family has been part of the Roanoke Valley (also called \"Big Lick\") in Virginia for six generations. General Edward Watts was born on 7 April 1779, in Prince Edward, Virginia. He was the son of William Watts (1742-1797), and Mary Scott (1758-1836). He married Elizabeth Breckinridge, the daughter of James Breckinridge on 6 May 1811 and they had 10 children, including William Watts (1817-1877), Mary Scott Gamble (1814-1840), Ann Selden Watts Holcombe (1820-1888), Alice Watts Robertson (1832-1914), Emma Gilmer Watts Carr (1834-1872) and Letitia Watts Sorrell (1829-1900). Edward Watts purchased 400 acres of land from his father-in-law, James Breckinridge (called The Barrens) where he built his home \"Oaklands\" in 1817. General Edward Watts died in 1859 at age 59. The Watts and Breckinridge families were well-known families in southwest Virginia who enslaved people during the American Revolution and the American Civil War. They were admired by their peers as influential attorneys, politicians, and land owners who often opened their house to the community.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Edward Watts was educated at Liberty Hall Academy (Washington \u0026amp; Lee), and Princeton. He was an officer in the War of 1812 and was the Commonwealth attorney for Roanoke County from 1839 to 1845. His son, William Watts (1817-1877) was a Colonel in the 28th Infantry of the Confederate Army (Roanoke Greys). He was educated in medicine and law at the University of Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, he followed in his father's path as the Commonwealth attorney from 1845 to 1854. He was in the State Constitutional Convention (1850-1851), and was president of the Exchange Bank of Virginia. He also ran for governor in 1834 and 1842. He served in the legislature for one term in 1875. He married Mary Allen in 1850 and they had one living son, John Allen Watts (1855-1904). Mary Allen died following his birth in 1855. Colonel William Watts was also a farmer who enslaved over 100 people. He was said to have one enslaved person as his \"body servant\" through the war and gave him a home for life. Research of the collection has not yet provided his name.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Allen Watts (1855-1904) nicknamed \"Squat\" was also a student at the University of Virginia and became an attorney. He married Gertrude Lee and they had a son named William. John Allen Watts sold Oaklands to a develpment company and it burned down in 1897. Descendants Jean Staples Showalter, English Showalter, and Katherine Watts donated this collection of their family's papers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Roanoke and Western Virginia: Glimpses of the Pst: Oaklands\" http://showalter.blogspot.com/2010/12/oaklands.html\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBarnes, Raymond. \"Confederates of Roanoke-V: General Edward Watts and Colonel William Watts Founded Clan\" Roanoke World News. 5 April 1961. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/94647C8F-8806-4D18-8A04-445143233613#gallery\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBarnes, Raymond. 'Oaklands' Was Hospitable Seat of Watts Family for Generations: Needed Big Staff\" Roanoke World News. 21 May 1958. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/53DC8EB0-DBE3-4B95-B4AF-027946626463#gallery\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWatts, Katherine. \"The Roanoke Valley and the Watts Family\" June 1984.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Watts family has been part of the Roanoke Valley (also called \"Big Lick\") in Virginia for six generations. General Edward Watts was born on 7 April 1779, in Prince Edward, Virginia. He was the son of William Watts (1742-1797), and Mary Scott (1758-1836). He married Elizabeth Breckinridge, the daughter of James Breckinridge on 6 May 1811 and they had 10 children, including William Watts (1817-1877), Mary Scott Gamble (1814-1840), Ann Selden Watts Holcombe (1820-1888), Alice Watts Robertson (1832-1914), Emma Gilmer Watts Carr (1834-1872) and Letitia Watts Sorrell (1829-1900). Edward Watts purchased 400 acres of land from his father-in-law, James Breckinridge (called The Barrens) where he built his home \"Oaklands\" in 1817. General Edward Watts died in 1859 at age 59. The Watts and Breckinridge families were well-known families in southwest Virginia who enslaved people during the American Revolution and the American Civil War. They were admired by their peers as influential attorneys, politicians, and land owners who often opened their house to the community.","General Edward Watts was educated at Liberty Hall Academy (Washington \u0026 Lee), and Princeton. He was an officer in the War of 1812 and was the Commonwealth attorney for Roanoke County from 1839 to 1845. His son, William Watts (1817-1877) was a Colonel in the 28th Infantry of the Confederate Army (Roanoke Greys). He was educated in medicine and law at the University of Virginia. ","After the war, he followed in his father's path as the Commonwealth attorney from 1845 to 1854. He was in the State Constitutional Convention (1850-1851), and was president of the Exchange Bank of Virginia. He also ran for governor in 1834 and 1842. He served in the legislature for one term in 1875. He married Mary Allen in 1850 and they had one living son, John Allen Watts (1855-1904). Mary Allen died following his birth in 1855. Colonel William Watts was also a farmer who enslaved over 100 people. He was said to have one enslaved person as his \"body servant\" through the war and gave him a home for life. Research of the collection has not yet provided his name.","John Allen Watts (1855-1904) nicknamed \"Squat\" was also a student at the University of Virginia and became an attorney. He married Gertrude Lee and they had a son named William. John Allen Watts sold Oaklands to a develpment company and it burned down in 1897. Descendants Jean Staples Showalter, English Showalter, and Katherine Watts donated this collection of their family's papers. ","Sources:\n\"Roanoke and Western Virginia: Glimpses of the Pst: Oaklands\" http://showalter.blogspot.com/2010/12/oaklands.html","Barnes, Raymond. \"Confederates of Roanoke-V: General Edward Watts and Colonel William Watts Founded Clan\" Roanoke World News. 5 April 1961. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/94647C8F-8806-4D18-8A04-445143233613#gallery","\nBarnes, Raymond. 'Oaklands' Was Hospitable Seat of Watts Family for Generations: Needed Big Staff\" Roanoke World News. 21 May 1958. The Historical Society of Western Virginia. O. Winston Link Museum. History Museum of Western Virginia\nhttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/archive/53DC8EB0-DBE3-4B95-B4AF-027946626463#gallery","\nWatts, Katherine. \"The Roanoke Valley and the Watts Family\" June 1984."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12170, Watts family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12170, Watts family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere is a website at the O. Winston Link Museum (History Museum of West Virginia) that has many of the Watts family letters online \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?page=3\u0026amp;keyword=Watts%2C%20William\u0026amp;searchType=person\u0026amp;showsearch=True\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRelated collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 8914, and MSS 653.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials","Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There is a website at the O. Winston Link Museum (History Museum of West Virginia) that has many of the Watts family letters online ","https://hswv.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?page=3\u0026keyword=Watts%2C%20William\u0026searchType=person\u0026showsearch=True","Related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 8914, and MSS 653.","MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Watts family papers of Roanoke County, Virginia at \"Oaklands\" in Flat Creek, Campbell County) consist of correspondence and documents related to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the United States Civil War, war with Osceola and Seminole tribes in Florida, Virginia politics, economic and social history (including enslavement),land ownership, farming, court cases and debt from 1786 to 1950 in southwest Virginia. The Watts are related to many other Virginia families including James and Dolley Madison. This collection represents a great view into historical and social events of the eighteenth and nineteenth century in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of this family of landowners, farmers, politicians, and attorneys portray the rich southern antebellum life on the Oaklands plantation. Despite the told and true characteristics of the kindness of the Watts family, they were nineteenth century southern plantation owners who owned hundreds of enslaved persons. The letters and receipts in the collection include many first names and some last names. One enslaved person, Henry Langhorne, a lifetime attendant of Colonel William Watts was bequeathed $1,000 and a home for life. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome letters mention the Watt's efforts to keep enslaved families from being separated by intervening in the sales of enslaved persons. There are many references to enslaved people among their households and farm, including descriptions of providing their clothing, housing, and nurturing them when they were sick, like family members. It is important to note that the collection also contains receipts for their purchase and loan. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe issue of enslavement is discussed in local meetings that Watts attended. There are also letters from former enslaved persons such as [Malinda] Langhorne and William Langhorne to Watts family members and photographs of enslaved persons, Aunt Sally and Aunt Phoebe standing together, and a photograph of Uncle Lou with the Watts children. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also correspondence about financial and legal matters as Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his father, General Edward Watts (1779-1859), were attorneys. Much of their correspondence relates to collecting debts, indentures, land surveys, receipts, and politics (Whig party, Commonwealth Attorney, Constitutional Convention, Virginia Delegates, and candidacy for Governor), and religion. The papers contain discussions about the popular faith of Presbyterians and Episcopalians). The University of Virginia, Washington \u0026amp; Lee, and William \u0026amp; Mary College are also mentioned.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection spans six generations of the Watts family including General Edward Watts and his wife Elizabeth Breckinridge (1794-1862), their son Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his wife Mary Jane Allen (1825-1855). Also included is their son, John Allen Watts and his wife Gertrude Lee. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther related families include Madison, Breckenridge, Allen, Jackson, Watson, Morris, Gamble, Payne, Washington, Meigs, and Saunders. (MSS 653) Other related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples..(see related materials note)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Mary Scott Watts Gamble have been combined into this collection. These letters contain her accounts of attacks by Osceola and Seminole people in Florida. She mentions that Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 1 contains a folder of transcriptions for some of the collection letters and a folder of biographical information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter dated 1819 mentions \"Joshua\" who rode Edward Watts' horse for him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are newspaper clippings about the Watts family. Included is a newspaper article, \"Number of Colored Residents Have Been Here for 50 Years,\" 28 January, 1934 about families in Roanoke that were enslaved 50 years earlier. Nettie Simms Calloway claims that her father, L. M. Simm, was owned by Colonel William Watts and that her great-grandmother was enslaved by General Edward Watts at Oaklands. Other family names of enslaved persons are named in the article. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn obituary for Colonel William Watts mentions that a large group enslaved people were around him at his death including Henry Langhorne who had attended him during the war and throughout his life. Colonel Watts left him $1,000 in his will and a permanent home. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an address by John Allen Watts and  newspaper clippings about the Watts family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA. Indentures, deeds, plats, receipts, tax statements,petitions, and wills. B. Letters about debt collection. C.Stocks D. Receipt for goods and services for Watts family\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Leather Bound] Reverend Washington Erben and Reverend Clement Butler, Reverend Alfred Nevin, Gustave Dore\nErben, Washington; Butler, Clement, Nevin, Alfred; Dore, Gustave [Illustrator]\nPublished by John E. Potter and Company, 1880\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAutographed Elizabeth Watts, with date January 1817. Written note \"December 29, [1846] I commenced.\" Paste down on inside front cover, obituary of General Edward Watts, August 9, 1859.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of the correspondence of the Breckinridge, Gamble, and Watts families, ca.1794-1850, but chiefly that of Mary Scott Watts Gamble (1814-1840)daughter of General Edward Watts. The name has been changed to Watts family papers as of March 2023. There are many related collections of the Watts family papers. MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; and MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Gamble wrote to her aunt, Emma W. Breckinridge, Grove Hill, Fincastle, Botetourt County, Virginia; her mother, Elizabeth Breckinridge Watts and her father, General Edward Watts, Oakland, near Big Lick, Botetourt County, Virginia; her brothers, William and James B. Watts; and her sisters, Ann S. Watts and Letitia G. Watts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the letters to her immediate family were written after her marriage and move to Welaunee, Florida, located near Tallahassee, except for several to her brother William Watts while he was away at the New London Academy, Campbell County, Virginia. Many of Mary Watts Gamble's letters are to her aunt, Mrs. Cary Breckinridge (Emma W. Gilmer), 1831-1838, and most of them were written prior to her marriage in 1834. All of her undated letters to her aunt appear to have been written before her marriage and are filed at the beginning of the year 1834 as [ante 1834]. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Watts Gamble at Flat Creek writes about the purchase of 34 enslaved persons by Uncle Gamble to prepare the ground for cotton. Her letters also describe her experiences of the conflicts with the Osceola and Seminole warriors in Florida (causing her to learn how to load and shoot a gun). She mentions the Second Seminole War in Florida. Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are details of her accounts of the interactions of the Seminoles  on women, children, and enslaved persons including one on the property of Judge Randall, including the burning of buildings in Magnolia and Hickstown and upon the home, family, and enslaved persons of Mrs. Purifoy, wife of a Methodist minister and daughter of Captain Byrd, just four miles away from Welaunee (April 13, 1838). She mentions the removal of the Apalachicola tribe to the West; the actions of Territorial Governor Richard Keith Call (1792-1862), and the Gambles forced evacuation from Welaunee to Tallahassee for safety. (May 9, 1836) They planned to sail on the Brig Orion from St. Marks to New Orleans, taking a steamboat to Louisville, and then proceeding by mail [coach?] to White Sulphur Springs, [West] Virginia (May 21, 1836). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe also mentions her disapproval of the plans of General [Winfield?] Scott for delaying the pursuit of the Seminole War to a later time. She writes about the recent Texas disasters at [the Alamo?] and the loss of [James Walker] Fannin's detachment at the Massacre at La Bahia (Goliad), including concern about the fate of her acquaintances Burr and John Duval. A website on the history of Texas records that Burr and Duval were captured and executed (April 24, 1836). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHer letters also include the health and news of famly members; her marriage to her cousin James Gamble; her attendance at three days of preaching at the Academy (May 19, 1832); the unpopularity of the Reverend [Gyng?] in Tallahasseethe family's concern for William and Robert over an outbreak of scarlet fever near New London Academy(January 12, 1833); and the illness and death of her grandfather, General James Breckinridge.   (May 15, 1833).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAdditional subjects include  attempts to persuade her her attempts to convince her brother James to begin his law practice in Tallahassee and comments about the presidential election.She describes the romantic affairs of her brother James; her illness and plans to recover in Virginia (May 15, 1837); her stay in St. Joseph [Bay?] for the summer because of her health, reading the works of Hannah More (1745-1833) while staying in St. Joseph, especially The History of Hester Wilmot and description of the area (July 30, 1838); her return to Tallahassee, and her husband's new store (October 22, 1838); and her stay in a boarding house near the store (December 15, 1838). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents in the folder of general correspondence of the Breckinridge, Gamble, and Watts families include: Robert Breckinridge to James Breckinridge concerning business matters (March 20 and July 23, 1794; n.d.); John Breckinridge to James Breckinridge concerning business matters, his lawsuit with Isaac Robinson, and a reference to the Whisky Rebellion at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania (August 19, 1794); William Breckinridge to James Breckinridge (September 1794); James Breckinridge to Ann Breckinridge discussing the sickness of Lewis and news about others of their acquaintance (January 24, 1819); James Breckinridge to Edward Watts mentions the James River bill and the death of Judge Fleming which left a vacancy on the court (February 22, 1824). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Page Randolph discusses her unexpected trip to Montpelier, Orange County, and Edgehill, Albemarle County, Virginia, with Thomas Jefferson Randolph, and sympathy for Mary S. Watts' \"late bereavement\" (July 22, 1833); Robert Gamble to Colonel Edward Watts discusses the visit of Mary Scott Watts and the death of his niece Laura (January 13, 1834); Edward Watts to his daughter, Elizabeth B. Watts, announcing the death of Mary Watts Gamble on May 22, 1840 (1840); Emma W. Breckinridge to her niece Letty [Letitia G. Watts?] (December 21, 1850); and John Wickham to James Breckinridge, notifying them of a death which has greatly distressed Betsy (August 14, n.y.). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are several letters from Nannie Gamble to her cousin, Letitia G. Watts, in which she describes her return visit from New York to Savannah, Georgia by ship (November 13, 1843) furnishes news of the family while in the mountains, near Abingdon, Virginia (January 20, 1845); expresses her sorrow at the news of the death of their friend, Lizzie Peyton, and describes the difficult journey home from Abingdon to Tallahassee which took five weeks (March 4, 1845); mentions the death of Lucy Gilmer (May 31, 1845); and a final letter from Nannie Gamble with a note written by Letitia on the bottom, \"The last letter ever received from my darling cousin N.S.G. who is now numbered with the dead\" (September 9, 1845). \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Watts family papers of Roanoke County, Virginia at \"Oaklands\" in Flat Creek, Campbell County) consist of correspondence and documents related to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, the United States Civil War, war with Osceola and Seminole tribes in Florida, Virginia politics, economic and social history (including enslavement),land ownership, farming, court cases and debt from 1786 to 1950 in southwest Virginia. The Watts are related to many other Virginia families including James and Dolley Madison. This collection represents a great view into historical and social events of the eighteenth and nineteenth century in Virginia.","The papers of this family of landowners, farmers, politicians, and attorneys portray the rich southern antebellum life on the Oaklands plantation. Despite the told and true characteristics of the kindness of the Watts family, they were nineteenth century southern plantation owners who owned hundreds of enslaved persons. The letters and receipts in the collection include many first names and some last names. One enslaved person, Henry Langhorne, a lifetime attendant of Colonel William Watts was bequeathed $1,000 and a home for life. ","Some letters mention the Watt's efforts to keep enslaved families from being separated by intervening in the sales of enslaved persons. There are many references to enslaved people among their households and farm, including descriptions of providing their clothing, housing, and nurturing them when they were sick, like family members. It is important to note that the collection also contains receipts for their purchase and loan. ","The issue of enslavement is discussed in local meetings that Watts attended. There are also letters from former enslaved persons such as [Malinda] Langhorne and William Langhorne to Watts family members and photographs of enslaved persons, Aunt Sally and Aunt Phoebe standing together, and a photograph of Uncle Lou with the Watts children. ","There is also correspondence about financial and legal matters as Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his father, General Edward Watts (1779-1859), were attorneys. Much of their correspondence relates to collecting debts, indentures, land surveys, receipts, and politics (Whig party, Commonwealth Attorney, Constitutional Convention, Virginia Delegates, and candidacy for Governor), and religion. The papers contain discussions about the popular faith of Presbyterians and Episcopalians). The University of Virginia, Washington \u0026 Lee, and William \u0026 Mary College are also mentioned.","The collection spans six generations of the Watts family including General Edward Watts and his wife Elizabeth Breckinridge (1794-1862), their son Colonel William Watts (1817-1877) and his wife Mary Jane Allen (1825-1855). Also included is their son, John Allen Watts and his wife Gertrude Lee. ","Other related families include Madison, Breckenridge, Allen, Jackson, Watson, Morris, Gamble, Payne, Washington, Meigs, and Saunders. (MSS 653) Other related collections include MSS 4111-a,-b,-c,-d,-e,-f; MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples..(see related materials note)","The papers of Mary Scott Watts Gamble have been combined into this collection. These letters contain her accounts of attacks by Osceola and Seminole people in Florida. She mentions that Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835) ","Box 1 contains a folder of transcriptions for some of the collection letters and a folder of biographical information.","Letter dated 1819 mentions \"Joshua\" who rode Edward Watts' horse for him.","There are newspaper clippings about the Watts family. Included is a newspaper article, \"Number of Colored Residents Have Been Here for 50 Years,\" 28 January, 1934 about families in Roanoke that were enslaved 50 years earlier. Nettie Simms Calloway claims that her father, L. M. Simm, was owned by Colonel William Watts and that her great-grandmother was enslaved by General Edward Watts at Oaklands. Other family names of enslaved persons are named in the article. ","An obituary for Colonel William Watts mentions that a large group enslaved people were around him at his death including Henry Langhorne who had attended him during the war and throughout his life. Colonel Watts left him $1,000 in his will and a permanent home. ","There is an address by John Allen Watts and  newspaper clippings about the Watts family.","A. Indentures, deeds, plats, receipts, tax statements,petitions, and wills. B. Letters about debt collection. C.Stocks D. Receipt for goods and services for Watts family","[Leather Bound] Reverend Washington Erben and Reverend Clement Butler, Reverend Alfred Nevin, Gustave Dore\nErben, Washington; Butler, Clement, Nevin, Alfred; Dore, Gustave [Illustrator]\nPublished by John E. Potter and Company, 1880","Autographed Elizabeth Watts, with date January 1817. Written note \"December 29, [1846] I commenced.\" Paste down on inside front cover, obituary of General Edward Watts, August 9, 1859.","This series consists of the correspondence of the Breckinridge, Gamble, and Watts families, ca.1794-1850, but chiefly that of Mary Scott Watts Gamble (1814-1840)daughter of General Edward Watts. The name has been changed to Watts family papers as of March 2023. There are many related collections of the Watts family papers. MSS 38-33 Irvine, Saunders, Davis, and Watts families (William Watts daybooks 1768-1786); MSS 259; MSS 653; and MSS 9715 Abram Penn Staples.","Mary Gamble wrote to her aunt, Emma W. Breckinridge, Grove Hill, Fincastle, Botetourt County, Virginia; her mother, Elizabeth Breckinridge Watts and her father, General Edward Watts, Oakland, near Big Lick, Botetourt County, Virginia; her brothers, William and James B. Watts; and her sisters, Ann S. Watts and Letitia G. Watts. ","Most of the letters to her immediate family were written after her marriage and move to Welaunee, Florida, located near Tallahassee, except for several to her brother William Watts while he was away at the New London Academy, Campbell County, Virginia. Many of Mary Watts Gamble's letters are to her aunt, Mrs. Cary Breckinridge (Emma W. Gilmer), 1831-1838, and most of them were written prior to her marriage in 1834. All of her undated letters to her aunt appear to have been written before her marriage and are filed at the beginning of the year 1834 as [ante 1834]. ","Mary Watts Gamble at Flat Creek writes about the purchase of 34 enslaved persons by Uncle Gamble to prepare the ground for cotton. Her letters also describe her experiences of the conflicts with the Osceola and Seminole warriors in Florida (causing her to learn how to load and shoot a gun). She mentions the Second Seminole War in Florida. Robert [Watts?] and Robert Gamble joined the local militia to remove the Seminoles from the swamps and send them out West. (1835) ","There are details of her accounts of the interactions of the Seminoles  on women, children, and enslaved persons including one on the property of Judge Randall, including the burning of buildings in Magnolia and Hickstown and upon the home, family, and enslaved persons of Mrs. Purifoy, wife of a Methodist minister and daughter of Captain Byrd, just four miles away from Welaunee (April 13, 1838). She mentions the removal of the Apalachicola tribe to the West; the actions of Territorial Governor Richard Keith Call (1792-1862), and the Gambles forced evacuation from Welaunee to Tallahassee for safety. (May 9, 1836) They planned to sail on the Brig Orion from St. Marks to New Orleans, taking a steamboat to Louisville, and then proceeding by mail [coach?] to White Sulphur Springs, [West] Virginia (May 21, 1836). ","She also mentions her disapproval of the plans of General [Winfield?] Scott for delaying the pursuit of the Seminole War to a later time. She writes about the recent Texas disasters at [the Alamo?] and the loss of [James Walker] Fannin's detachment at the Massacre at La Bahia (Goliad), including concern about the fate of her acquaintances Burr and John Duval. A website on the history of Texas records that Burr and Duval were captured and executed (April 24, 1836). ","Her letters also include the health and news of famly members; her marriage to her cousin James Gamble; her attendance at three days of preaching at the Academy (May 19, 1832); the unpopularity of the Reverend [Gyng?] in Tallahasseethe family's concern for William and Robert over an outbreak of scarlet fever near New London Academy(January 12, 1833); and the illness and death of her grandfather, General James Breckinridge.   (May 15, 1833).","\nAdditional subjects include  attempts to persuade her her attempts to convince her brother James to begin his law practice in Tallahassee and comments about the presidential election.She describes the romantic affairs of her brother James; her illness and plans to recover in Virginia (May 15, 1837); her stay in St. Joseph [Bay?] for the summer because of her health, reading the works of Hannah More (1745-1833) while staying in St. Joseph, especially The History of Hester Wilmot and description of the area (July 30, 1838); her return to Tallahassee, and her husband's new store (October 22, 1838); and her stay in a boarding house near the store (December 15, 1838). ","Correspondents in the folder of general correspondence of the Breckinridge, Gamble, and Watts families include: Robert Breckinridge to James Breckinridge concerning business matters (March 20 and July 23, 1794; n.d.); John Breckinridge to James Breckinridge concerning business matters, his lawsuit with Isaac Robinson, and a reference to the Whisky Rebellion at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania (August 19, 1794); William Breckinridge to James Breckinridge (September 1794); James Breckinridge to Ann Breckinridge discussing the sickness of Lewis and news about others of their acquaintance (January 24, 1819); James Breckinridge to Edward Watts mentions the James River bill and the death of Judge Fleming which left a vacancy on the court (February 22, 1824). ","Mary Page Randolph discusses her unexpected trip to Montpelier, Orange County, and Edgehill, Albemarle County, Virginia, with Thomas Jefferson Randolph, and sympathy for Mary S. Watts' \"late bereavement\" (July 22, 1833); Robert Gamble to Colonel Edward Watts discusses the visit of Mary Scott Watts and the death of his niece Laura (January 13, 1834); Edward Watts to his daughter, Elizabeth B. Watts, announcing the death of Mary Watts Gamble on May 22, 1840 (1840); Emma W. Breckinridge to her niece Letty [Letitia G. Watts?] (December 21, 1850); and John Wickham to James Breckinridge, notifying them of a death which has greatly distressed Betsy (August 14, n.y.). ","There are several letters from Nannie Gamble to her cousin, Letitia G. Watts, in which she describes her return visit from New York to Savannah, Georgia by ship (November 13, 1843) furnishes news of the family while in the mountains, near Abingdon, Virginia (January 20, 1845); expresses her sorrow at the news of the death of their friend, Lizzie Peyton, and describes the difficult journey home from Abingdon to Tallahassee which took five weeks (March 4, 1845); mentions the death of Lucy Gilmer (May 31, 1845); and a final letter from Nannie Gamble with a note written by Letitia on the bottom, \"The last letter ever received from my darling cousin N.S.G. who is now numbered with the dead\" (September 9, 1845). "],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":281,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1396"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_294","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Wickham family papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_294#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wickham family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_294#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Wickham family papers (1704-1950; 9.5 cubic feet) consist of papers of Richmond, Virginia and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation in Hanover County, Virginia, including the families of John Wickham (1763-1839), his son, William Fanning Wickham (1793-1880), grandson, Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), and great-grandson, Henry Taylor Wickham (1849-1943). \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_294#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_294","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_294","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_294","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_294","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_294.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120871","title_filing_ssi":"Wickham family papers","title_ssm":["Wickham family papers"],"title_tesim":["Wickham family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1704-circa 1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1704-circa 1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 15753","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/294"],"text":["MSS 15753","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/294","Wickham family papers","Hickory Hill (Hanover County, Virginia)","Virginia -- History -- 19th Century","Plantation life -- Virginia","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","Slaves -- Virginia -- Hanover County","The collection is arranged in four series, Series 1: Business correspondence arranged chronologically (Boxes 1-5). Several business correspondents warranted individual folders based on either the amount of material or the importance of the correspondent. Series 2: Correspondence of John Wickham, arranged alphabetically by the last name of the chief correspondent (Box 5); Series 3: Correspondence of the Wickham and related families, arranged by the last name of the main correspondent (Boxes 6-15); Series 4: Financial and Legal Papers and Miscellany (Boxes 16-19), all arranged in chronological order.","This collection chiefly concerns the Wickham family of Richmond, Virginia and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation in Hanover County, Virginia, including the families of John Wickham (1763-1839), his son, William Fanning Wickham (1793-1880), grandson, Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), and great-grandson, Henry Taylor Wickham (1849-1943). When other relatives and friends appear in the folder listing, their birth and death dates and relationships are noted if known. The family owned enslaved persons and lists them by age. ","Attorney John Wickham married twice and had two lines of descent. His first wife was Mary Smith Fanning (1775-1799) by whom he had two sons, William Fanning Wickham of \"Hickory Hills,\" married to Anne Butler Carter (1797-1868), and Edmund Fanning Wickham of \"Rocky Mount\" (1796-1843), married to Anne's sister, Lucy Carter (1799-1835). ","After the death of his first wife, John Wickham married Elizabeth Seldon McClurg and had several more children. Some of these children are also represented in these papers.","Anne Carter Wickham (1851-1939), the daughter of Williams Carter Wickham and Lucy Penn Taylor Wickham, married Robert H. Renshaw (1833-1910) in 1881 and they had four children. In 1920, Anne Renshaw married Dr. W.E. Byerly and lived in Massachusetts.","Lucy Carter Wickham Byrd was the daughter of Edmund Fanning Wickham (1796-1834) and Lucy Carter (1799-1835) and the wife of George Harrison Byrd (1827-1910).","Apparently the spelling of his name varies slightly from his mother's family name, Maclurg versus McClurg, but the use here reflects the spelling on his grave stone.","The Howard School opened in 1831 and continued until 1834 with two teachers, the Reverend Jonathan Loring Woart (1807-1838) and his brother, the Reverend John Woart. The Episcopal High School opened in 1839 on the former Howard School location. There are also letters from the Reverend Jonathan Loring Woart (1807-1838) to William F. Wickham, including progress reports on the two boys, among this correspondence.","Added fa to VH 7 Dec. 2017.","The original letter has been transferred to the Henry Clay Papers.","Originals of these letters transferred to the John Randolph of Roanoke papers.","The originals of all three Wirt letters have been transferred to the Autographs collection.","The original of the Robert E. Lee letter has been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers.","The  original of the Lee letter  has been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers.","The original of letters to Robert E. Lee have been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers, the originals of the letters from Henry Clay transferred to the Henry Clay papers and those from John Singleton Mosby were transferred to the John Singleton Mosby papers.","The originals of Lee letters were transferred to Robert E. Lee papers.","The Wickham family papers (1704-1950; 9.5 cubic feet) consist of papers of Richmond, Virginia and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation in Hanover County, Virginia, including the families of John Wickham (1763-1839), his son, William Fanning Wickham (1793-1880), grandson, Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), and great-grandson, Henry Taylor Wickham (1849-1943). ","The collection contains business correspondence, chiefly concerning legal and agricultural pursuits; family correspondence with immediate and extended relatives; personal correspondence from friends and political associates; two brief diaries discussing the secession and the beginning of the Civil War; financial and legal papers, including lists of books purchased, hires of enslaved laborers, the purchase of enslaved laborers, medical care for enslaved laborers, losses from invading soldiers during the Civil War, estate values, including those of enslaved laborers, indentures, deeds, receipts, plats and surveys, and lists of enslaved laborers by name and age; genealogies and genealogical charts; invitations and calling cards; military papers of General Williams Carter Wickham in the Civil War and Captain Williams Carter Wickham, U.S. Navy; news clippings; some notes and manuscripts of William F. Wickham; a few photographs and snapshots; poetry; hand-written recipes; school papers; and sympathy and greeting cards. ","There is also a hand drawn map of Hickory Hill plantation, the Wickham family estate which may have been drawn by a descendant of an enslaved laborer. It shows a diagram of \"Mammy's House\" and surrounding buildings that were revisited in the 1980's. The pages following the illustration name African Americans who were still living and working at Hickory Hill estate in the early 1900's. Mentioned are the families of John Robinson, Albert Cash,  Henry Toliver, Edith Jackson, Matt Foley, Maria Tucker, Ruben Lewis,Landonia Lewis, ALec Hewlett, Louisa and Albert Jackson, Henry Abrams, Betty Jackson, John Abram and Roselyn, Milton Hewlett, and Virginia Shelton.","Topics include the Civil War, the relationships between family members in both the North and the South, and attitudes toward secession; many aspects of enslavement, often naming the enslaved laborers involved; Virginia and national politics; the practice of agriculture in Virginia; the education of the children of Virginia planters, including attendance at the Howard School, Episcopal High School, Washington College and the University of Virginia; military service of General Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), Captain William Carter Wickham (1887-1985), and other Wickham relatives.  ","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include:, John Slidell and Co., Thomas C. Keaton, William Lyne, W.P. Mason, W.T. Nivison, William B. Page, Philip Rogers, Thomas Rotch, Penn T. Sale, John M. Shepherd, Peter F. Smith, Thomas Strode, William Sullivan, Thomas Swann, Richard Wallack, Ralph Wingfield, Alice B. Winston, and Zach Vowels","Correspondents, chiefly with Edmund F. Wickham, include: Williams Carter (1819), Archibald Gracie and Robert Gracie (1821), and multiple correspondents in 1822: Curwen and Hagarty, Samuel John Dunlop, King and Gracie, Samuel Lambert, and Robert Hughes and Co.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: James Dunlop, Ninian Edwards, John Ferguson, C.B. Fleet, William Fleet, Robert Gracie, Francis Gregg, James Hagarty, George E. Harrison, James Henderson, L. Jones, T. Jones, and Robert King.","Letters involving enslavement or enslaved laborers include one from L. Jones, asking for protection for \"old Billy\" and mentioning other issues concerning the welfare of enslaved laborers, January 2, 1823, and another letter from Ninian Edwards discussing the possible purchase of a female enslaved laborer for the wife of Dr. Harvey Lane, January 13, 1823.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Henry Arnall, Curwen and Hagarty, [J.] Dunlop, Ninian Edwards, C.B. Fleet, John G. Gamble, Robert G. Harper, George E. Harrison, Jones and Rodes, Hardage Lane, C.C. Lee, Lewis and Tomes, George Marx, John Morgan, and Charles Morris.","Letters involving enslavement include the inquiry by Robert G. Harper, May 5, 182[3], for information about the \"present condition, conduct, and prospects\" of some manumitted enslaved laborers formerly belonging to Samuel Gist who were freed in his will. He also asks for  the name and address of some respectable and intelligent person in the area where the freed formerly enslaved laborers now live who can send a report to Gist's relatives.","Correspondents, chiefly Edmund F. Wickham and William F. Wickham, include: Curwen and Hagarty, James Dunlop, John Dunlop, William Logan Fisher, William Fleet, George Greenhow, George E. Harrison, B.B. Keesee, Robert King, Thomas Kelly, Hardage Lane, Lewis and Tomes, Charles F. Logan, William Lyne, and  Robert and John Oliver. One letter mentions a runaway enslaved man, named Joe, December 18, 1823.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: David Barclay, John H. Blair, Carter Braxton, William Burns, William L. Dance, S.W. Dandridge, Aaron Denman, Robert Douthat, Ninian Edwards, William Fleet, Gillingham and Randolphs (G.F. and E. Randolph), James Hagerty, George E. Harrison, John Hopkins, and Thomas and John G. Riddle.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Richard Anderson, John Balfour, Thomas and John S. Biddle, Carter Braxton, William Burns, Hugh Campbell, Robert Douthat, and Gillingham and Randolphs (G.F. and E. Randolph).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Carter Berkeley, Carter Braxton, Roger Mallory, Thomas Nelson, and William F. Wickham to Thomas B. Coleman. Roger Mallory, the jailor in Petersburg, Virginia, writes concerning a runaway enslaved man named Jim who finally admitted he belonged to William F. Wickham. Jim had originally claimed to belong to Price Sharpe who was charged with permitting him to \"go at large contrary to law,\" and hire himself out, March 19, 1827.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: G.H. Bacchus, Thomas T. Bouldin, Thomas B. Coleman, M. Huelin,  Benjamin Whitehead Ladd, W.H. McFarland, William Nelson, John W. Payne, William G. Pendleton, M.E.M. Roane, and A.B. Spooner. Topics include the reception of freed former enslaved laborers in Ohio (Benjamin W. Ladd, March 4, 1830); and the [Samuel?] Gist estate (John M. Payne, April 22, 1830).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Patrick Nesbett Edgar, John Exall, Chapman Johnson, Thomas N. Lee, John Ponsonby Martin, William Nelson, Severn E. Parker, A. Robinson, Jr., William Rowlett, J.S. Skinner, Benjamin Temple, Robert Temple, Thomas Biddle and Company, and John R. Triplett. Topics include: blue wheat (Benjamin and Robert Temple, July 4, 1830 and August 4, 1830); American turf and racing magazine (August 3, 1830; September 1, 1830; October 19, 1830); and a collection of pedigrees for an American Stud Book (October 13, 1830).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: J.D. Andrews, John Corbin, Alfred V. Crenshaw, Crouches and Snead, Gracie and Company, James Gray, Richard B. Haxall, William Hilberg, James Lyle, and Francis Page. Topics include problems with a horse purchased from Wickham (November 15, 1838), the safe arrival of the Andrews family in Houston, Texas (January 28, 1839), and the sending of an enslaved man named Jefferson to fetch two mules from Wickham (April 22, 1839).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Beers and Poindexter, Robert M. Candlish, John S. Corbin, Robert Ellett, William Linton, A.T.B. Merritt, Nathaniel Nelson, J.W. Pegram, W. Richardson, Thomas Samson, John Shore, John N. Tazewell, James G. Watson, and William L. White. Topics include mention of the horse \"Priam\" at Merritt's Hicks Ford stud in Virginia and the failure of Wickham's Eclipse mare to foal last spring (May 11, 1842); the dire condition of the [enslaved man?] old Bob Clark and his family on the land of Nathanael Nelson and attempts to provide for their care (June 15 and July 11, 1842); and a discussion of improvements to Wickham's bevel wheel (July 11, 1842) by Thomas Samson of D.J. Burr and Company.","Correspondents include: John S. Corbin, Nathanael Cross, William Dorbaker, Thomas Ellis and Charles Ellis, Robert G. Gilman, J.H. Martin, [S.H.] Parker, James L. Pendleton, James A. Seddon, Jane J. Swann, George Taylor, John N. Tazewell, William L. White, and John Wight. Topics include lumber needed for a penitentiary and a possible list of enslaved laborers written in pencil on an address portion of the letter (October 10, 1842).","Correspondents include: Warwick Barksdale, John Barr, Samuel Cottrell, Richard Gwathmey, John Struthers and Son, Lucius Minor, William Nelson, Lucien B. Price, Richard Randolph, Edmund Ruffin, William D. Taylor, John N. Tazewell, Philip B. Winston, and Richard M. Young (General Land Office). Topics include the sale of two enslaved women (January 29, 1845).","Correspondents include: Warwick Barksdale, Wellington Goddin, Phineas Janney, C.C. Lee, Thomas Nelson, Bernard Peyton, [Lucien] B. Price, John T. Rogers, Edmund Ruffin, Robert Taylor, J.R. Underwood, William F. Watson, Joseph Wingfield, and Philip B. Winston. Topics include a description of damage to the property of Joseph Wingfield by the breakage of the mill dam of Wickham (March 12, 1848).","Correspondents include: John Gibson, G.W. Goode, Richard Gwathmey, Benjamin F. Larned (1794-1862), William Leigh, Thomas Nelson, John E. Page, James A. Seddon, Alexander H.H. Stuart, William F. Watson, Hugh A. Watt, W.C. Wickham (to James M. Ford), Edmund Winston, and William Overton Winston. Topics include the shipment of some prairie birds and directions for their care (December 23, 1849); lists of enslaved laborers for hire, including \"old Fanny,\" Nancy and her three children, and Betsy (January 1, 1850); request for information about the amount due on account of the division of the \"Negroes\" or enslaved laborers (March 5, 1850); William F. Wickham as the guardian of the minor heirs of Robert C. Wickham (April 20, 1850); the offer of the use of a Southdown buck for sheep breeding (July 12, 1850); the increase of visitors to the mountains of Virginia, especially at White Sulphur Springs, the Warm Springs, and the Hot Springs (August 5, 1850); the purchase of stained glass (November 19 and 23, 1850); the return of an enslaved woman who was a wet nurse, \"Mamma Betsy\" hired the year before for his little boy (July 28, 1849; November 5, 1850); and an opinion about Jenny Lind (December 20, 1850).","Correspondents include: Alexander Hew, John F. Lay, [Laudonier] J. Randolph; Robert L. Randolph, Allen P. Richardson, William Sayre, William F. Wickham, and Thomas Wight. \nTopics include the redemption of land in Saline County, Missouri (September 13, 1853) and the settlement with McClurg Wickham, Littleton Waller Tazewell Wickham, and John Wickham concerning a loan from John Henry Wickham to them on August 11, 1851 (May 28, 1858).","Correspondents include: J.A. Allen, David Anderson, Jr., A.W. Ball, Ann B. Berkeley, the Reverend P.F. Berkeley, George H. Byrd (Wyman, Byrd and Co. Commission Merchants), [Magrat] Davis, R.B. Davis, Robert Johnston, J.H. Montague, H.C. Parsons, James H. Storrs, John R. Taylor, James Usher, and William F. Wickham (drafts to Ann B. Berkeley, the Reverend P.F. Berkeley, and B.W. Green). \nTopics include: the question in the legislature concerning the payment of legacies given in Confederate money between 1862-1865 (March 10, 1866); difficulties in settling court cases in West Virginia following the Civil War (November 16, 1866); a request from a woman for legal help in keeping her inheritance in her name and under her control rather than her husband's as her current lawyer advised (April 25, 1867); and reports on the \"North Wales\" farm (May 20, 27, and 31, 1870).","Correspondents include: James L. Apperson, W.W. Baldwin, Lewis D. Crenshaw, Jr., Isaac Davis, L.R. Dickinson, Maynard Dyson,  James S. Earle and Sons, George William Gibson, Charles Herndon, J.M. Hill, I.M. Parr and Son (Commission Merchants), J. Sabin and Sons (Booksellers, Printsellers and Importers), Walter C. Jones, A.C. Loomis, J.H. Montague, Henry Parry, G. Peyton, Joseph T. Priddy, R.H. Maury and Co. (Stock and Exchange Brokers), J.W. Ratcliffe, C.T. Smith, E.D. Starke, A.T. Stewart, W.T. Tinsley, H. Wernich, William F. Wickham (draft to L. Upshur Evans), and Wright and Co., Rio de Janeiro. \nTopics include: the sale of property in Richmond, Virginia, of a former brewery belonging to the estate of David G. Yuengling, Jr. along the James River called the \"James River Steam Brewery\" (August 16, 1879).","Correspondents include: George B. Butler, Alexander Kaslovistsh, and John Watkins.","Alvis discusses the farm operations of the East Tuckahoe Plantation.","The company sends sketches and discusses the replacement of the mantle damaged in the house fire at Hickory Hill.","Discusses the oak tobacco boxes supplied by Edmund F. Wickham from \"Rocky Mills\" plantation.","Correspondence is chiefly with William F. Wickham and Williams Carter Wickham. Topics include concern about the \"military bill\" in the South as a way for Congress to get at the landed property there (March 4, 1867); Wickham's fondness for memoirs and other mentions of reading (December 17, 1868; May 30, 1873; June 15 and 20, 1875; February 11, 1876; May 4, 1877; July 2, 1880); and the offer of building supplies currently at \"Broad Neck\" in order to rebuild the house at \"Hickory Hill\" after a fire (February 16, 1875).","Correspondence is chiefly with William F. Wickham and Williams Carter Wickham. Topics include the financial affairs of their cousin Georgina L. Featherstonhaugh (September 24 and October 28, 1879).","Topics include Carter's impressions of Bristol College, Bucks County, Pennsylvania (October 18, 1834); complaints about the western states and their impact upon agricultural prices and politics, mentioning James Buchanan by name (July 17, 1846); suggestion that the enslaved laborers belonging to their nephews, Robert and John Wickham, be sold to pay the debt of their education (June 18, 1847); mention of a violent snowstorm that occurred just after he had returned home on a gunboat following a period of being nursed by his sister at \"Hickory Hill\" (November 8, 1862); and the death of Julia Wickham (July 16, 1873).","Correspondents include C.P. Huntington (President), Henry Taylor Wickham, and Williams C. Wickham and J.S.F. Smith (Paint Creek Depot) concerning the opening of the coal mines on the land purchased from the Hansford heirs and the employment of miners in Kanawha County, West Virginia.","Correspondents include C.P. Huntington (President), Henry Taylor Wickham, and Williams C. Wickham and J.S.F. Smith (Paint Creek Depot) concerning the opening of the coal mines on the land purchased from the Hansford heirs and the employment of miners in Kanawha County, West Virginia.","Letters concern lands held by Reuben Jenkins and John Henry Wickham in Saline County, Missouri.","Letters discuss matters concerning the Louisa Railroad, which was chartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1836, and renamed the Virginia Central Railroad in 1850, with Fontaine as its longtime president.","Correspondence is concerned with securing payment on the accounts of John Wickham and Littleton W. T. Wickham, brothers of William F. Wickham by an immediate sale of livestock and agricultural goods.","Mentions the illness of President Monroe and his own wife, Eliza Kortright Monroe Hay, the daughter of Monroe (August 4, 1823) and expresses disparaging remarks concerning a Yankee business associate (October 19, 1823).","Topics include a request to help in the administration of the estate of Dr. McClurg (March 2, 1839); fears about the possible death of his son, Thomas, in [Mississippi?] (June 22, 1839); instructions about the purchase of summer clothing for the enslaved laborers by Alvis (April 21, 1840); mention that there are 70 enslaved laborerss associated with the \"Rocky Mills\" plantation of Edmund Wickham and 40 additional enslaved laborers associated with his father's [John Wickham] estate (July 28, 1842). Much of the correspondence in general deals with the settling of the estate of John Wickham (1763-1839).","Discusses arrangements for the support of Mr. Harrison's children and his disappointment with Dr. Selden.","Letter of introduction from Henry Clay for Mr. Bainbridge of Kentucky to John Wickham.","Kerr requests copies of any ordinances or laws concerning lands either given or planned to be given by the state of Virginia to the officers and soldiers who served in either the Continental Army or the Virginia state militia for use in the United States Court in Ohio.","Discusses the best way to secure the claim of Dr. McClurg for surgeon pay during his service in the Continental Army, keeping in mind that the United States will soon find a use for surplus money and mentions Henry Clay as doing a great deal of good [in Congress?].","Recommends that they make sure that Dr. [James] McClurg's will is recorded in Kentucky.","Notifies Wickham that he has located among his scorched papers enough information to send him a transcript of all he knows or remembers about the bonds of Mr. Balfour and invites him to visit Studley, Virginia.","Mentions the health concerns of family members and friends in Baltimore, Maryland.","Describes the worsening physical condition of Walter [Maclurg Wickham?]  in Baltimore, Maryland.","Notifies Wickham about the death of Walter [Maclurg Wickham?] in Baltimore, Maryland.","Requests Wickham provide the wording to a decree that would enable a sale of his property in Richmond, Virginia, to proceed since his power of attorney, Mr. Botts, was unable to perform his duties.","One letter, March 24, 1820, incomplete, last page only, John Randolph of Roanoke writes concerning Stephen Decatur's death. In a second letter, April 1, 1820,   part of the letter and autograph signature excised, John Randolph of Roanoke thanks Wickham for his indulgence and civility in the matter of his father's estate and mentions [Littleton Waller] Tazewell's move to Norfolk.,","Topics include: request for advice on a business proposition concerning property offered by Mr. Page as security for the payment of Tazewell's stock (July 4 and 9, 1819); Tazewell's current ill health (November 26, 1819); criticism of President John Quincy Adams and a description of a duel between Henry Clay and John Randolph of Roanoke (April 8, 1826); and damages suffered during a hurricane (October 14, 1838).","Letters concerns legal work performed by Wickham for Richardson.","Expresses concern over several outbreaks of cholera among citizens and enslaved laborers on the plantation.","Writes from White Sulphur Springs about the convalescence of Susan [Decatur Wickham (1819 -1831)].","John Wickham addresses business matters in his absence on a trip to Philadelphia, sending four letters from stops in Washington, Baltimore, New York and Philadelphia.","He discusses the prospects for the wheat crop, the demand for flour in [American] towns and South America, and reports on his conversations with Mr. Haxall about pricing if the crop is delivered early (May through August 1830) and the last letter mentions their pleasant stay at the Sulphur Springs and Sweet Springs and the journey home, the drought in Kentucky and Ohio, and \"this new explosion in France\" (September 24, 1830).","Wickham writes to his son William F. Wickham with concerns about his wheat crop, a notification of an outbreak of disease at Howard School for boys from Jonathan Loring Woart, and the preoccupation of the Virginia General Assembly over internal improvements (January 29 and May 30, 1834); the design of a mill powered by water (February 21, 1834); discussions about the Bank of Virginia and the elections (April 17 and 21, 1834); discussions about possible schools for their boys and rumors of a duel in Washington (September 28, 1834); discusses the President's message (December 7, 1834); an enslaved laborer, sick with cholera, who was believed to be dead several times, appears to be recovering partly due to work of Dr. McCaw (December 18, 1834); and politics in Washington (December 24, 1834).","Wickham writes to his son William F. Wickham with concerns about his wheat crop (July 6, 1837) and to his sons at the University of Virginia, George and Littleton W.T. Wickham with advice about their studies, especially geology and the study of soils, and their visit to the Natural Bridge (May 15, 1837).","The letters written during a trip to New England by William F. Wickham and Anne Wickham mention seeing the effects of a great drought all over the northeast, speculations about the wheat crop, poor corn crop of the current year, Littleton at the University of Virginia and George reporting for duty in Washington in the U.S. Navy (September 13, 17, and 25, 1838); news about the wheat market and John Wickham's health (November 20 and December 12, 1838); and news about the opening of the [James River and Kanawha Canal] and its advantages for Richmond, Virginia (December 20, 1838).","Wirt asks for Wickham's advice concerning the rights of the widow in the estate of John Ellis (December 21, 1815); in another letter, October 10, 1830, autograph signature excised, Wirt asks for his advice and support in the case of the Cherokee Nation versus the state of Georgia, argued by Wirt before the Supreme Court; and in a third undated letter, Wirt discusses a property case involving Colonel Byrd and Mr. Harrison of Berkeley and lots in Manchester and Richmond, Virginia.","Includes two letters mentioning visits by Yankees to Hickory Hill and the taking of her father as a prisoner (May 27, 1862; August 4, 1862); also includes a letter from Robert E. Lee to his cousin, Miss Annie Wickham [later Anne Carter Wickham Renshaw Byerly], Lee promises to stop by \"Hickory Hill\" to visit if at all possible on his way back to Lexington, autograph signature excised from the letter (May 23, 1870).","Letters through March 1883 are written from Port Oratava to Henry T. Wickham but in April 1883 the Renshaw's began their journey home, settling in New Market and then Boyce, Virginia, by the turn of the century; In 1906, Annie writes from the University of Virginia about Robert H. Renshaw's poor health which continues until his death in 1910.","These letters are chiefly undated, but she appears to continue her correspondence with her uncle after the death of her Aunt Anne in1868, chiefly written from New York.","Leigh mentions the death of Lizzie Wickham (February 27, 1862); General Johnston and his prospects in the Tennessee area (March 25, 1863); and the death of Mrs. Carter, probably Mary B. Randolph Carter (August 6, 1864).","One letter, September 16, 1836, described a duel between her brother James and John Chapman, which ended in reconciliation between the two men.","Contains one letter, August 17, 1863, concerning the Civil War, from Chattanooga, Tennessee, shortly before his death following his wounding and capture.","Topics include the preparation to leave for France with her husband, William Cabell Rives, appointed minister to France (June 26, 1829); and their return to Paris, France (August 2, 1851).","One letter, written from the Warm Springs Hospital, discusses Taylor's health problems and the recent Battle of Cheat Mountain (October 2, 1861).","Two letters are written from China, one from Chefoo [present day Yantai] and the second from Tsingtao, while her husband, Captain Williams C. Wickham (1887-1985) was serving in the U.S. Asiatic Fleet.","One letter from Williams Carter Wickham expresses his pleasure at her engagement to his son, Henry Taylor Wickham (August 26, 1885).","These letters are chiefly to her husband, Henry, while staying at the Homestead, Hot Springs, Virginia, (1911) and White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia (1913) for her health but two letters are to her son, Captain Williams Carter Wickham during his journey to join the Asiastic fleet (1924).","Early letters are chiefly from his grandparents, William F. and Anne Wickham, and the letters in 1864 are between Henry and his parents, Williams C. and Lucy Wickham","One letter mentions the death of his grandmother, Anne B. Carter Wickham (February 26, 1868); four letters were written as a University of Virginia student (October 17, 24, and 31, 1869; and May 8, 1870); and one letter from Henry to his son, Captain Williams C. Wickham, congratulating him on his engagement to Credilla Miller (October 2, 1911).","John Wickham writes concerning land in Franklin County, Missouri, belonging to the estate of John Wickham (July 11, 1850).","During the Civil War, Leigh Wickham received an appointment in the Confederate Quartermaster department at Memphis, Tennessee (September 13 and 19, and December 8, 1861); reports that the people of Mississippi were frightened of General Grant's army (December 23, 1862); and mentions the hanging of Colonel Lawrence Orton Williams as a Confederate spy by the Federals (June 14, 1863).","Correspondence includes one letter from Williams Carter Wickham while at the University of Virginia concerning the results of Professor Rogers' analysis of Edmund's specimens of marl (January 16, 1838).","Contains two letters from W.F. Wickham, Jr. as a student at the University of Virginia (December 19, 1848 and January 12, 1849).","Includes letters written as a student at the Episcopal High School of Virginia, Fairfax, Virginia (1874-1878) and the University of Virginia (1878-1883).","While his father is away in New York and Boston, Williams Carter Wickham sends reports on the activities and condition of the plantation, including illness and death among the enslaved laborers (September 7, 1845; September 15, 1848). Williams Carter Wickham writes with further reports to his father hoping to catch him still at Bowling Green (August 30, 1849); and Williams describes a trip with his wife Lucy to New York and on to Quebec (August 27, 1855).","This folder contains references to the participation of Williams Carter Wickham in the First Battle of Bull Run (July 24, 1861, and August 1861); rumors of possible attacks on Arlington and Alexandria and Norfolk (September 2, 1861); discussion about the ramifications of the seizure of James Murray Mason and John Slidell on board the RMS Trent by Union Captain Charles Wilkes (December 8, 1861); and W. Leigh Wickham's commission as assistant quartermaster with rank of captain (December 20, 1861). During the recent visit of William F. Wickham with General Robert E. Lee, Lee reported on the sufferings of the army in the west [1861].","Williams Carter Wickham shares his weariness of the war and announces himself as a candidate for Congress (May 15, 1863); William F. Wickham voices his concern over scarcity of food in Richmond and near Charlottesville to Lucy Penn Taylor Wickham (January 19, 1864); and William F. Wickham fears that Lee cannot maintain communications to the south and wishes he had nothing more to do with land or enslaved laborers if only his son were home in peace (June 28, [1864]).","This folder contains references to the participation of Williams Carter Wickham in the First Battle of Bull Run (July 22-23, 27, and 31, 1861).","Wickham is in Cavalry Camp, 5th Brigade and attached to Colonel Cocke's Brigade and has a complete blacksmith shop and blacksmith fixed up with his company but requires clothes for his [enslaved?] personal attendant, Robin (September 1, 1861); Many letters discuss conditions of camp life for an officer in the Confederate forces and the efforts of family at home to supply the needs and wants of their own family members in the forces but also those of other soldiers, such as clothing. The letters also show a desire to establish a local hospital for the troops like the ones run by the ladies in Fredericksburg, Virginia (September 4, 1861); Wickham writes from his camp at Fairfax Courthouse about opportunities for drilling the troops, his resignation of his seat in the Convention and in the Virginia Senate, his increasing concerns over the conduct of the war in the last two months, and the injurious effect of the capture of Fort Hatteras in North Carolina to the South (September 6, 1861); news that his son, Henry T. Taylor, is intensely reading the novels of Sir Walter Scott to the detriment of his studies (September 26, 1861); clothing made by the ladies of the community shipped off to the troops (October 12, 1861); Wickham currently at Union Mills (October 22, 1861); the difficulties of Lizzie Fry in getting a permit to leave to go home (October 24, 1861); and Wickham's meeting with General [Jeb] Stuart with whom he is very pleased (October 27, 1861).","Wickham writes a very detailed letter about the detrimental effects of fighting the Civil War on their own home soil, his dinner with General Cocke, whose ardor for the war has cooled considerably, the wasting of their best resources in an unnatural strife, and the devastation wrought by both occupying armies (November 3, 1861); and mention of Colonel Robertson and General Stuart (November 7, 13, and 29, 1861). \nWriting from Camp Frontier after an absence of three days, he describes a plan for a force of  nine companies of cavalry and three regiments of infantry, all under General Stuart, to cut off an enemy encampment near Alexandria, but this was prevented by the arrival of more Federal forces in the area near Pohick Church and describes his activities as a member of the scouting party (November 13, 1861); furnishes a description of his strategy when in new territory (November 21, 1861); shares his belief that the Yankees will advance along the Evansport line, chiefly by water, but with a land force on the telegraph road, otherwise believes that they will go into winter quarters (November 24, 1861); and repeats a report from Mr. Porcher [of South Carolina?] that some of the coloured people had been shot by the Confederates and that some of the people offered to work on the entrenchments for the Yankees for pay (November 28, 1861). \nWickham is still waiting for word on any advancement against the enemy and a describes the Federal forces arrayed against Virginia (December 4, 1861); Wickham shares his wish to command a full regiment of cavalry if he cannot have his first  preference to be at home with Lucy, his shock at hearing about the death of Mr. [Cooke?] and his efforts to secure a furlough for Church to go home for the funeral (December 14, 1861).","Wickham writes about the following topics, a story about Lt. Colonel Thomas L. Kane, commander of the Bucktail Rifles of Northern Pennsylvania and a relative (January 2, 1862); General Johnston likes Wickham's bill for the better organization of the army (January 8, 1862); Wickham's [enslaved?], attendant, Robin, has built a wonderful shelter for the horses in their winter camp (January 8, 1862); Wickham's return to Camp Ewell after his furlough (January 29, 1862); his disapproval of the bill in the Senate concerning the Virginia forces (February 4, 1862); and his concerns over the reorganization of his regiment (February 15, 1862).","Topics include the alarm of the people in the area north of the Rappahannock where people are abandoning their homes and \"Negroes\" or enslaved laborers are going northward by the hundreds (March 14, 1862); bivouacking comfortably near Brandy Station (April 4, 1862); and reports that their new location is twelve miles below Williamsburg and five miles from Yorktown at \"Blows Mill\" and that they are short on provisions (April 18, 22 and 24, 1862).","Topics include writing from Sudley Mills describes recent events that have greatly reduced his regiment and prevented his communicating with his family, noting that with 200 men Wickham charged the 12th Pennsylvania Cavalry 800 strong, routing them and capturing a large number, mentioning that General Ewell has lost a leg [during the battle of Groveton] (August 30, 1862); currently near Frederick, Maryland (September 7, 1862); yesterday at Sharpsburg, Maryland, \"fought probably the most desperate battle of the war\" [Battle of Antietam], Wickham lost twenty  men killed, wounded or missing, W.H.F. Lee's horse fell with him, Lt. Colonel Thornton of the 3rd had his arm torn by a shell and died of shock, Hill Carter received two severe wounds at Boonsborough and was left in the hands of the enemy, very difficult to find anything to eat, as local people will not sell them anything, and Thomas L. Kane was just made a Brigadier General in the Union army (September 18 and 21, 1862).\nReports on his safe return from an expedition to Pennsylvania with 1800 men (October 14 and 19, 1862); details of the cavalry raid to collect horses from Mercersburg, Chambersburg, and Emmitsburg (October 19, 1862); troops destroying the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (October 21, 1862);  his participation recently in a serious battle with losses of 1500 killed or wounded [Battle of Fredericksburg], with the town of Fredericksburg totally devastated and mentions activities of Major General Ambrose Burnside (December 15 and 18, 1862).","Topics include the rejection of his resignation by the Secretary of War (January 15, 1863); staying with General Robert E. Lee at Culpeper Courthouse (March 1, 1863); discussion of the [Battle of Chancellorsville] (May 8, 1863 copy); spent the day with Lee who was in good spirits but without any hope of quick termination of the war and who would not allow his resignation, and General Jackson said to be dangerously ill with pleurisy (May 10, 1863); mentions the death of General Jackson and his fears for the safety of General Lee who he describes in appreciative terms (May 11, 1863); and describes his visit to General Lee's headquarters and assesses the results of recent battles (May 31, 1863).","Topics include Wickham's approval of the generals James Longstreet, A.P. Hill, and Richard S. Ewell (June 3, 1863); Lucy relates their losses during visits of the Yankees to \"Hickory Hill\" and \"North Wales\" plantations and the capture of Fitzhugh Lee out of his sick bed (July 25, 1863); Wickham writes from the headquarters of Wickham's Brigade, following his commission as Brigadier General (September 12, 1863); news of Julius Theodore Porcher being mortally wounded from members of the 10th South Carolina Regiment (December 1863); Lucy Wickham's visit with General Wickham near Charlottesville, Virginia (January 17, 21, 31, 1864); General Lee has issued the first order that has not received Wickham's admiration (February 8, 1864); and draft of a letter from Wickham to Captain J.E. Cook, describing his actions beginning on October 28, 1862 until November 3, 1862 (February 26, 1864).","Topics include accompanying General Robert E. Lee to the anniversary of the Young Men's Christian Association of Poney's Brigade to hear a talk on the character of General [Stonewall?] Jackson (March 29, 1864); description of the pillaging of \"Hickory Hill\" by the Yankees and their threatening Uncle Hill Carter (June 5, 1864, June 1864, August 1, 1864); mention of General Sheridan (July 25, 1864); description of the devastation in the area around Culpeper and mention of [Jubal] Early (August 12, 1864); and Wickham, while stationed in Winchester, Virginia, describing the broad valley just prior to the Battle of Winchester (September 5, 8, and 10, 1864).","Wickham attended the U.S. Naval Academy from 1904 until 1909 and most of the letters from this period were to his parents. There are also a few dating from his service aboard the U.S.S. Minnesota (1911) and the U.S.S. Smith (1913) addressed to them. Letters dated 1924 from Captain Wickham to his wife, Credilla Miller Wickham, were written while serving in the U.S. Asiastic Fleet aboard the U.S.S. Pillsbury when the navy summered at Chefoo [present day Yantai], China.","Correspondents include: J.S.B. Alleyne (resolutions concerning the death of Dr. William F. Wickham in 1851); John B. Baldwin; L.M. Baldwin; Nannie P. Ballard; A.P. Bankhead; B. Johnson Barbour, John L. Barbour; Greta du Pont Barksdale (1891-1965); Phoebe [Barksdale?]; Marianna Elizabeth Barksdale (1796-1856) and her husband, William Jones Barksdale (1794-1859); Ann B. Berkeley; Letitia Glenn Biddle (1864-1950); John Minor Botts (1802-1869); Mary G. Braxton; Mary Carter Brickner; G. Thompson Brown; Alfred H. Byrd; E.H. Byrd and L.C. Byrd.\nTopics include a very detailed letter from John Minor Botts to General Williams Carter Wickham about the Civil War, particularly the requested transfer of Colonel Charles H. Wager from the infantry service to the cavalry, rumors about General Lee evacuating Virginia, complaints about the press stimulating the prejudices of the people, and rumors of a proposal to arm enslaved laborers to help fight against the Northern forces (January 8, 1865).","Correspondents include: Ellen J. Cackie; J.R. Campbell (damaged postal card only); B.B. Claike; George Colton; A. Coolidge; O.A. Crenshaw; M.W.T. Cumberland; John B. Custis; Laura G. Custis; Raleigh T. Daniel; J.S. Davis; Enid Deem; Martha Lee Doughty \"To the Women of the Confederacy\" (undated); Fanny Duncan; Georgina L. Featherstonhaugh; and Mary J. Foster.\nTopics include: a discussion of several books read by Laura G. Custis of Boston (May 25, no year) and a description of the past few months the Custis family were forced to stay in Versailles, France, due to illness and the onset of the Franco-Prussian War (March 30, [1871]).","Correspondents include: Ellen Carter, Lizzie Carter, L.W. Carter, Mary Carter, and W[illiams?] Carter, Jr.\nTopics include: the concern of W[illiams] Carter, Jr. that his father make a will immediately so that the Confederacy will not get any of [his brother?] Charles' portion of the estate.  He writes emphatically \"I don't wish the South to get a cent – no country in the history of the world has so worked out its own destruction as the Southern portion of the U.S. America, and all Christendom will in history say, Amen – next to Sodom and Gomorrah\" (February 3, 1862); W[illiams?] Carter, Jr. also asks that the enslaved laborers on both the North Wales and South Wales plantations be sent to Charlotte or some safe place so they will not be sold like cattle, mentioning all of the Tom and Sarah Fox family, Ben Napper and family, the Tom Brown and Harry Brown families, and other enslaved laborers by first name only (March 1, 1862).","Correspondents include: A.W. Carter; Agnes M. Carter; Annie Carter; Betty Carter; E.H. Carter; Emily Carter; Fanny N. Carter; L.H. Carter, Louise Carter, Pauline Carter, Susan Roy Carter, Thomas B. Carter, Thomas H. Carter (1831-1908), and Williams Carter.\nTopics include: the death of Julia Wickham (Thomas H. Carter, July 19, 1873); an expression of hope that the nation will mend following the Civil War, saying \"my hatred for Davis is only equaled by that for Charles Sumner,\" and mention of balloon flights and France's position of strength in Europe (Thomas B. Carter, Paris, May 22, 1866).","Topics of note include two references to the Civil War, including the \"suffering northern soldiers\" and the sentiment \"the same God made us all\" (August 10, 1861); and a second letter about the Civil War concerning shelling of the area near Shirley along the river by northern gunboats and comments about [General John] Pope (August 28, 1862).","Topics include a condolence letter (July 12, 1873) concerning the death of Julia Leiper Wickham (1859-1873).","Correspondents include: Peter J. Chevallie to his wife, Elizabeth Gilliam Chevallie; Sarah Magee \"Sally\" Chevallie Warwick (1816-1846) to her mother, Elizabeth Green Gilliam Chevallie (1796-1865); Joseph Gallego to his nephew, Peter J. Chevallie;  Henry Chevallie to his sister, Mary G. Chevallie; and Abraham Warwick (1794-1874) to his daughter-in-law, Elise F. Warwick.","Correspondents include: Robert Gamble; S.P. Gregory; Gene and [George?] Griffin; A.G. Grinnan; Evelyn Hale; Hetty Cary Harrison; Ella Havisham; Jane R. Haxall; Rosalie Haxall; Eva Mary Anna Mason Heth (1836-1915); Mary Heywood (with a photograph of her on her 78th birthday);  E.[L.] Holmes; R.R. Howison; J. Johns, Jr.; S. Harvey Johnson; William T. Joyner; W.M. Justis; Bessie D. Kane; J.D.L. Kane; Sallie G. Kean; and Ethel Kilburn.\nTopics include the Civil War (Robert Gamble, June 19, 1863); reminiscences about the Civil War and General Stuart, and a discussion about genealogy (A.G. Grinnan, 1892-1893); family reading (R.R. Howison, January 30, 1878); discussion of Reuben Lindsay Walker (1827-1890), commander of the Third Corps artillery, and his opposition to the peace commission, known as the [Hampton Roads Conference] during the Civil War and political issues that will arise at the conclusion of the war (William T. Joyner, February 3, 1865); and the poor state of the Confederate army, due in part to desertions (William T. Joyner, February 25, 1865).","Correspondents include: Frances Wickham Graham; [Hartley] Graham; James Duncan Graham; Salva Graham; and William F. Wickham.\nTopics include chiefly family news but also some references to the work of James Duncan Graham as a member of the United States Engineer Corps (April 13, 1862; April 9, 1865; May 9, 1865); the condition of the South at the conclusion of the Civil War (June 2, 1865); and papers concerning the pension of James Duncan Graham (1867-1871).","Correspondents include: E.W. Hubard and J.L. Hubard.","Correspondents include: Robert B. Lancaster; Elizabeth W. Lay; R. Bruce Lockhart; A.C. Leigh; William Leigh; Ellen McCaw; Rose M. MacDonald; F. Mark; Captain G. [Marvel]; Dido Mason; E.K.N. Massie; Alice W. Meade; Susan W. Miller; Edgar Miller; F.B. Minor; Mary W. Minor;  and M.M. Morris. \nTopics include work on the book about old homes of Hanover (Robert B. Lancaster, January 8, 1984); the fire at Hickory Hill (Elizabeth W. Lay, February 17, 1875); and notification of an ankle injury of Captain W. Leigh Wickham in Chattanooga, Tennessee while serving as paymaster for the Confederate army (Edgar Miller, May 2, 1863).","Correspondents include: Agnes Lee, Annie C. Lee, Ann H. Lee, C.C. Lee; Mary Custis Lee; Richard Henry Lee (1794-1865) concerning the state literary fund and his proposed memoir of Richard A. Lee; Robert E. Lee, Jr. concerning the death of William F. Wickham (July 16, 1873); and William H.F. \"Rooney\"  Lee (1837-1891).","Correspondents include: Elizabeth B. Nicholas, concerning the fall of New Orleans to Federal forces (April 30, 1862); Helen N. Patterson; Lt. Colonel William H. Payne; Virginia Porcher; Lucy Carter Renshaw (1838-1965) concerning damages suffered by the \"Shirley\" plantation during the Civil War battles (July 4, 1862); Amelie Louise Rives Troubetzkoy (1863-1945); and M.C. Rives.","Correspondents include: Carrie P. Nelson; F. Nelson; F.P. Nelson; Jane E. Nelson; Jenny Nelson concerning the capture of Confederate George Washington \"Wash\" Nelson near Smithfield (November 6, 1863) and the raids of the Yankee soldiers in the neighborhood against the local residents (undated Civil War letter); Judith? Nelson; M.W. Nelson concerning the death of Lucy Carter Wickham (January 17, 1835); Mary C. Nelson; Robert Nelson on board the ship Oriental with his friend John Lewis [Points?] (August 29, 1851); Rose Nelson; Virginia L. Nelson; and W. Nelson.","Correspondents include: Anne Rose Page; Elizabeth Burwell Page; John Page; Judith Nelson Page; Leila Page; and Thomas Nelson Page concerning his book about Italy and his visit to England (January 9, 1920).","Correspondents include: George William Shelton; Amelie Louise Sigourney; M.M. Smith; Walter N. Sprinkel; A.M. Stearns; Alexander H.H. Stuart writes of his fear of the future, suggests that Williams Carter Wickham and himself travel to Washington on business to meet with some of the Yankee magnates and discuss ways to end the Civil War and expresses his sorrow over the sundering of the Union (January 23, 1865); Alta E. Stumpf concerning the awakening of Russia and its development (June 29, 1931); J.V. Swearingen; Louisa Nivison Tazewell (1804-1873) describing the death of her father, former Virginia governor, Littleton Waller Tazewell (1774-1860) in her letter (May 16, 1860); Fannie W. Toler; and C. Vanderbilt, Jr.","Correspondents include: Belle Taylor; Bertie Taylor; Edmund P. Taylor; Elizabeth Taylor; Henry Taylor; Henry Taylor, Jr., John Taylor; Julianna Dunlap Leiper Taylor (1801-1883); R.I. Taylor; and Susan W. Taylor.\nOne letter from Henry Taylor, Jr., July 31, 1877, includes a very detailed discussion about Professor Colonel Peters at the University of Virginia.","Correspondents include: Davy Wallace; S. Gardner Waller; Louisa Webb; C.E. Wellford; Mary T. Williams; Captain W.L. Wingfield; Alice B. Winston; Philip B. Winston; and Beulah H.J. Woolston.","Correspondents include: A.C.L. Wickham; Elizabeth S. Wickham; Fanny Wickham concerning the death of Ella Wickham (March 27, 1851); George Wickham; Julia L. Wickham; J.L. Wickham; L.A.C. Wickham; [L.V.] Wickham; M.F. Wickham; and Sarah Wickham.","Topics include a description of the meeting of the trustees of the Peabody Fund for Education in the South, particularly Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple of Minnesota and his life among the indigenous native Americans, who he referred to as \"Indians\" (August 12, 1876).","Topics include climate change (January 31, 1872); details of the career of his friend Custis, who died in 1872 and was a water commissioner in Boston (February 8, 1872); the influence of John C. Calhoun in ruining the whole South and his own state by men following his \"evil counsel\" (January 1, 1875); discussions of reading and current politics (January 8, 1875); description of Wickham's losses during the fire in February (March 13, 1875); mentions of Lord Byron, Charles Lamb, William Cullen Bryant and other literary figures (March 22, 1875); description of the Bunker Hill centennial (June 7, 1875); detailed discussion of the career of Patrick Henry (January 1, 1878); religious reading (March 13, 1878); and Richard Henry Dana, Jr. (December 11, 1878).","The letters are chiefly social or agricultural but one, May 30, 1867, touches upon politics and international events and mentions Rives reading the biography of James Madison.","Topics include the perils of travel by stage to Norfolk, Virginia, in winter (March 3, 1817); condolence letter upon the death of his friend, John Wickham, and reflections upon Wickham's importance in his own life as a mentor and friend and his singular character (January 26, 1839); the mention of Tazewell in the will of John Wickham (March 17 and April 1, 1839); ten inch snowfall in March and the economic difficulties of the country (March 21, 1843); discussion on the political issue on \"our title to Oregon\" (February 26, 1846); and Tazewell thanking William F. Wickham for his translations of Italian comedies, but does not think they merit the efforts of someone of Wickham's ability in the Italian language (July 15, 1849).","Correspondents include: William B. Bowers; E.E. Cooke; E.S. Holmes; E. Laurens; Robert E. Lee; L.M. Mason; N.W. Massie; Catharine H. Myers; [J.] R. Ritchie; E.R. Simons; Sue R. Simons; and Sallie P. Winston.\nThe letter from Robert E. Lee to his cousin, Anne B. Carter Wickham, November 11, 1862, hand-written copy, expresses his regret that her son, Williams Carter Wickham, has again been wounded but explains that he cannot spare Wickham from returning to duty in the army.","Among the numerous correspondents are George Washington Custis Lee; Mildred Lee; W.H.F. Lee; General William Mahone; Francis H. Smith; and George D. Wise.","Correspondents include: John Minor discussing the two engravings, of General Marion and \"the Artist's Dream,\" sent by the Apollo Association for the Promotion of the Fine Arts in the United States and the current relations of the United States and England, especially as affected by the affair of the \"Creole\" (March 18 and October 12, 1842); Henry Clay declines an invitation to visit (February 22, 1848); John S. Mosby, concerning the service of the late Dr. James McClurg as a surgeon in the Revolutionary War (July 16 and August 6, 1849); Francis Robert Rives (1822-1891); Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) concerning politics and enslavement (February 15, 1850) and a visit (July 20, 1854); John R. Thompson, editor of the  \"Messenger,\" refusing an essay by Wickham defending the Mormons (December 4, 1850);  Edward Vernon Childe (1804-1861) writes concerning the peace negotiations during the Crimean War (December 18, 1855); and two drafts of a letter from Wickham to Robert E. Lee concerning the arrival of the Yankee cavalry at \"Hickory Hill,\" who carried off General W.H. F. Lee as a prisoner in Wickham's carriage as well as horses and enslaved laborers, and includes the report that Charlotte Lee's health is not good and that she is much distressed at her husband's capture (June 28, 1863).","Topics include financial inquiry about Virginia's non-payment of the interest on state stock (January 17, 1872); the fire at Hickory Hill, Hanover County, Virginia (February 15, 1875); the voyage of William D. Shipman to England and his assessment of Thomas Jefferson's life and career (July 4, 1876); Wickham's analysis of State Trials of the United States by Francis Wharton, including his own memories of the James T. Callendar trial (June 19, 1876); and William D. Shipman's mention of seeing the effigy of ancestor William of Wykeham in Winchester, England and information about him (November 6, 1876).","Topics include advice for Henry T. Wickham on entering the legal profession and the study of law (July 24, 1868); Robinson's work with a case in the Supreme Court concerning Allen T. Caperton (1810-1876) and his acts in West Virginia as Provost Marshal (April 15, 1872).","Topics include the declaration of [William B.] Preston for the immediate secession of Virginia from the Union and Wickham's fear that \"the dogs of war will be let loose\" (April 16, 1861); two letters from Colonel [Beverly Holcombe] Robertson about missing and absent soldiers and his efforts to round them up (May 13 and 14, 1862); request for Wickham's support and vote for Robert H. Wynne as doorkeeper of the Confederate House of Representatives (December 24, 1863); John B. Baldwin informs Williams Carter Wickham that his nomination has not been acted upon (February 5, 1864) and two letters from John Taylor about family and home events during the Civil War (February 2 and 8, 1864).","Topics include a letter from Robert E. Lee about Henry T. Wickham's attendance at Washington College in Lexington and Lee's plan to write a history about military campaigns in Virginia during the Civil War (October 3, 1865) and a draft of Wickham's reply to Lee in the hand of Lucy Wickham [October 13, 1865];  a draft of Wickham's letter to General W.H.F. Lee about contemporary politics (April 16, 1868); the formation of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad (September 17, 1868); Horace Greeley's comments on the progress of the railroads in Virginia (November 15, 1868); request and recommendation from Alexander H.H. Stuart on behalf of two job seekers in the railroad business (May 5, 1873); efforts of C.T. Smith to get Wickham elected (August 19, 1883); two congratulatory letters on the recent election of Wickham to the Virginia Senate from B. Johnson Barbour and John T. Harris (November 19, 1883); and a request for a donation towards a University of Virginia chapel from Schele de Vere (November 21, 1883).","The diary begins with an entry about the secession of South Carolina from the Union and continues with entries about the evacuation of Fort Moultrie and the removal of troops to Fort Sumter in South Carolina; each state that secedes from the Union is noted and mention made of the firing upon the steamer Star of the West at Charleston, South Carolina; Intermixed with news of the impending war are notes about building a henhouse, nests, the receipt of toys, and weather; his father [Williams Carter Wickham] as a candidate for the Virginia Secession Convention from Henrico (January 29, 1861); and ends with an entry for February 12, 1861.","The diary mentions the following topics: the loan of a sharps rifle from George W. Randolph, supposedly owned before by John Brown and presented to the 1st [Virginia?] Regiment at Harper's Ferry; a four mile drive on the Petersburg Road to \"Strawberry Hill\" owned by Robert Edmond;  Judge and Mrs. Robertson leaving for \"Mount Athos\" their place in the country near Lynchburg, Virginia; double guard on \"the mills\" [Gallego Mills?]; the arrival of 1,000 men from Tennessee who went to the old fairgrounds; a drill by the \"Richland Rifles\" at the South Carolina camp; occupation of Alexandria by President Lincoln's troops; news of a battle at Bethel Church between Yorktown and Hampton; the departure of 2,000 troops for Manassas on June 13th; a visit to Camp Lee; examination of the fortifications below the city with locations noted; note that business is very slow since the commencement of the war; the meeting with Mr. and Mrs. Macfarland and General Lee at Mr. Lyon's [home?]; birth of a daughter [Elise Warwick Barksdale Wickham (1861-1952)] on August 28, 1861; note that he spent the last month with the 16th Virginia Regiment as Quartermaster at \"Camp Withers\" six miles from Norfolk; his orders to transfer to Colonel L. Smith's office as paymaster, September 13, 1861; and the death of cousin Fanny Townes, September 20, 1861.","Subjects include: lists of books purchased from Peter Cotton (October 20, 1816-January 27, 1817 and September 22, 1817); purchases of quills, paper, ink, chessmen, etc. (October 15, 1817); hires of enslaved laborers (January 25 and 27, 1817 and February 21, 1817); and a bill of sale for enslaved laborers (September 17, 1817).","Subjects include: medical care for enslaved laborers from Dr. W.P. Jones (January 12, February 24 and 26, March 24, and June 24, 1818); a hire of an enslaved laborer (April 2, 1819); and a bill of sale for two male enslaved men (January 19, 1820).","Subjects include: the return of a little boy, Joe Lewis, and little girl, Lucy, the property of William F. Wickham (September 28, 1821); payment to overseer William Lizer on \"South Wales\" plantation (January 26, 1821); and purchase of paper, ink, and books (July 7, 1821).","Subjects include: the hire of an enslaved girl, Jenny (January 11, 1823).","Subjects include: hiring of Nathaniel B. Priddy as overseer (1834-1835; 1837-1838, 1840); and a list of books and magazines, quills, pencils, and paper purchased (1836-1838).","Subjects include: hiring of Samuel Bumpass as overseer (1842); the sale of an enslaved boy, Washington (January 6, 1843); hiring of Nathaniel B. Priddy as overseer (1843); sale of the enslaved woman, Nancy Wylde, and her two youngest children (May 23, 1843); and the sale of an enslaved man, Ned Davis (June 27, 1843).","Subjects include: lists of books and writing supplies purchased (July 20, 1846; March 22 and April 16, 1847).","Subjects include: lists of books and writing supplies purchased (February 1848; July 14, 1848; and October 4, 1849).","Subjects include: lists of books purchased (January and November 1850); memoranda book containing the names of enslaved laborers (May 12, 1850); and the hire of enslaved men, Giles, Frank, and John from J.H. Wickham (1851).","Subjects include: list of taxable property for William F. Wickham in 1853, includes 96 enslaved laborers over 16 years old and 116 enslaved laborers over twelve years old.","Subjects include: partners listed for Warwick and Barksdale at the \"Gallego Mills\" following the death of William J. Barksdale (February 15 and July 2, 1860).","Subjects include: theft of stock certificates, bank book, and checks from Williams Carter at the \"North Wales\" plantation during a Yankee raid (May 31, 1864); copy of the last will and testament of Williams Carter with a codicil dated July 30, 1864, freeing his two enslaved women, Margaret and Sally, with any offspring that they have as soon as peace shall be established in the country (July 17, 1864); an enslaved mulatto girl named Sally was lent to Anne Butler Berkeley by Williams Carter (August 10, 1864); indenture concerning the former plantations and property of Williams Carter, Sr. including \"North Wales\" and \"Broad Neck\" (May 16, 1867); and payroll lists (April 1, 1868).","Subjects include: receipts for work in the coal banks, Clifton, West Virginia (1873).","Subjects include: a valuation of personal property at \"North Wales\" plantation; valuation of real estate of Mr. [Abraham] Warwick made by commissioners, including factories, blacksmith shop, houses, lots, and a Brookfield farm; and a list of the names of enslaved laborers, with their evaluations.","These three oversize items include an indenture between Betty Littlepage and Charles Carter of Corotoman (May 5, 1768); a deed of trust from Carter B. Page and Rebecca Page to Thomas Taylor and Benjamin Harrison (June 17, 1817); and an indenture concerning Catherine Page, \"Broad Neck\" and Williams Carter (March 11, 1822).","The oversize deeds and indentures include those signed by Carter B. and Rebecca Page and Thomas Taylor (June 7, 1817); an indenture between John Wickham, Edward Carrington, Daniel Call, and Littleton Waller Tazewell (March 17, 1800); an indenture between Harry and Anna Terrell and Charles Carter (October 7, 1769); an indenture between James Littlepage and Joel Terrell (April 23, 1751); an indenture between John Littlepage and John Carter (March 2, 1735); and a bill of sale for two male enslaved men, Billy and Cyrus (January 15, 1820).","These include a list with the heading \"A List of My Slaves, such as I wish to keep, such as I may wish to sell and may wish to send to the West\" with names, ages, special skills or jobs, and their evaluations on the \"Rocky Mills\" and \"South Wales\" plantations belonging to Edmund Fanning Wickham in 1835; an account of the sale of land and enslaved laborers at \"Rocky Mills\" in November 1842 with the name of the purchaser, name of the enslaved laborer and the prices; a list of enslaved laborers treated by Dr. J.P. Harrison (April 24, 1844; July 1845; July 1848); list of William F. Wickham's enslaved laborers by age category (1843); the evaluation of an enslaved man, Tom Christian and his entire family (December 22, 1846); a list of named enslaved laborers with their ages belonging to the estate of Dr. James McClurg, Hanover County, Virginia, with evalutions by W. O. Winston (January 18, 1852); a list of 209 named enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] (January 1854); a list of 269 named enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] (January 1859); a list of enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] who were either carried off the plantation by Yankee forces or left of their own accord during the Civil War (1862-1864); and one list of enslaved men between the ages of 18 and 55 with the notation that two are in Confederate service, 14 remain on the plantation and 33 have left and gone to the enemy (January 31, 1865) and another list of enslaved laborers that went to the enemy by year, 120 in all [1865].","These six oversize items include four land grant certificates to Edmund F. Wickham and Edwin P. Crenshaw; a London Medical Society membership certificate for Dr. James Maclurg (1784); a letter from Lucy Nelson (1835).","The oversize plats include one for \"North Wales\" plantation belonging to Charles Carter, October 4, 1779; a plat of \"South Wales\" and Lane plantations, Hanover County, according to the division of January 1818, but updated on May 21, 1858; a plat showing the part of \"South Wales\" plantation allotted to Anne B. Carter, the purchase of land by W.F. Wickham from Thomas Carter, and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation purchased by W.F. Wickham from the estate of George W. Smith, November 27, 1825; plat of \"Verdon\" Hanover County, Virginia, belonging to the estate of John T. Anderson (December 1, 1865); and an undated plat showing parcels of land west of the Missouri River, apparently belonging to Thomas Gorham and a Wickham family member, 4 items.","These six oversize items include a survey of the Broad Neck or Big Neck tract for Thomas C. Nelson (September 8, 1818); survey of the Lane tract, part of the South Wales Estate (January 1818); plat of the Lane tract, South Wales and Hickory Hill (January 1818); fields laid off and numbered from a survey of W.F. Wickham's river fields (February 16, 1837); surveys no. 137 and no. 146 in Saline County, Missouri for Edmund F. Wickham (1841); diagram of land plots to the west of the Missouri River and the 5th principal meridian, presumably in Missouri [1841-1842?].","This material includes a recollection of George Wythe by William F. Wickham (1874); and the first recollection of General Robert E. Lee by Anne Carter Wickham Renshaw Byerly, written in a letter to her brother Henry (undated); biographical sketches of Captain William C. Wickham, U.S. Navy (April 19, 1962 and September 1985), John Wickham (undated), and General Williams Carter Wickham (undated); and history of \"Hickory Hill\" (undated).","Families discussed include Fanning, Leiper, Martian, Peyton, Pye, Tabb and Barksdale, Taylor, Warwick, and Wingfield.","This includes a report of [3rd (Wickham's) Virginia Cavalry Brigade] near Front Royal, Virginia (August 23, 1864).","This folder includes such items as the weather at Hickory Hill (1857); a prayer of Bishop Meade (1861); printed advertisement for a catalog of attorneys (1875); damaged circular from a Rochester nursery (1882); a horse pedigree (undated); and \"Notes on Planting Box at Williamsburg\" by Arthur A. Shurcliff (undated).","These include Wickham's notes concerning the \"Home Reminiscences of John Randolph, of Roanoke\" by Powhatan Bouldin, the benefits of lime and marl, and W.W. Mac Farland's address.","These include [Julia L. Wickham], \"Peliso\" Orange, Virginia, gardens in Rome, [Hickory Hill], Captain Williams C. Wickham, U.S. Navy, and an unidentified boy taken by Tyson and Perry, Charlottesville, Virginia.","This collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Wickham family","Wickham, John, 1763-1839","Wickham, William Fanning , 1793-1880","Wickham, Lucy Taylor, 1830-1913","Wickham, Williams Carter, 1820-1888","Wickham, Henry Taylor","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 15753","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/294"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wickham family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wickham family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Wickham family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Hickory Hill (Hanover County, Virginia)","Virginia -- History -- 19th Century"],"geogname_ssim":["Hickory Hill (Hanover County, Virginia)","Virginia -- History -- 19th Century"],"creator_ssm":["Wickham family","Wickham, John, 1763-1839","Wickham, William Fanning , 1793-1880","Wickham, Lucy Taylor, 1830-1913","Wickham, Williams Carter, 1820-1888","Wickham, Henry Taylor"],"creator_ssim":["Wickham family","Wickham, John, 1763-1839","Wickham, William Fanning , 1793-1880","Wickham, Lucy Taylor, 1830-1913","Wickham, Williams Carter, 1820-1888","Wickham, Henry Taylor"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wickham, John, 1763-1839","Wickham, William Fanning , 1793-1880","Wickham, Lucy Taylor, 1830-1913","Wickham, Williams Carter, 1820-1888","Wickham, Henry Taylor"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Wickham family"],"creators_ssim":["Wickham, John, 1763-1839","Wickham, William Fanning , 1793-1880","Wickham, Lucy Taylor, 1830-1913","Wickham, Williams Carter, 1820-1888","Wickham, Henry Taylor","Wickham family"],"places_ssim":["Hickory Hill (Hanover County, Virginia)","Virginia -- History -- 19th Century"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is open for research use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased, 3 July 2014. The first addition to this collection, MSS 15753-a,was purchased from Beltrone and Company on 6 July 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Plantation life -- Virginia","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","Slaves -- Virginia -- Hanover County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Plantation life -- Virginia","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","Slaves -- Virginia -- Hanover County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.5 Cubic Feet 19 legal doc boxes, 6 oversize folders."],"extent_tesim":["9.5 Cubic Feet 19 legal doc boxes, 6 oversize folders."],"date_range_isim":[1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in four series, Series 1: Business correspondence arranged chronologically (Boxes 1-5). Several business correspondents warranted individual folders based on either the amount of material or the importance of the correspondent. Series 2: Correspondence of John Wickham, arranged alphabetically by the last name of the chief correspondent (Box 5); Series 3: Correspondence of the Wickham and related families, arranged by the last name of the main correspondent (Boxes 6-15); Series 4: Financial and Legal Papers and Miscellany (Boxes 16-19), all arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in four series, Series 1: Business correspondence arranged chronologically (Boxes 1-5). Several business correspondents warranted individual folders based on either the amount of material or the importance of the correspondent. Series 2: Correspondence of John Wickham, arranged alphabetically by the last name of the chief correspondent (Box 5); Series 3: Correspondence of the Wickham and related families, arranged by the last name of the main correspondent (Boxes 6-15); Series 4: Financial and Legal Papers and Miscellany (Boxes 16-19), all arranged in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection chiefly concerns the Wickham family of Richmond, Virginia and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation in Hanover County, Virginia, including the families of John Wickham (1763-1839), his son, William Fanning Wickham (1793-1880), grandson, Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), and great-grandson, Henry Taylor Wickham (1849-1943). When other relatives and friends appear in the folder listing, their birth and death dates and relationships are noted if known. The family owned enslaved persons and lists them by age. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAttorney John Wickham married twice and had two lines of descent. His first wife was Mary Smith Fanning (1775-1799) by whom he had two sons, William Fanning Wickham of \"Hickory Hills,\" married to Anne Butler Carter (1797-1868), and Edmund Fanning Wickham of \"Rocky Mount\" (1796-1843), married to Anne's sister, Lucy Carter (1799-1835). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the death of his first wife, John Wickham married Elizabeth Seldon McClurg and had several more children. Some of these children are also represented in these papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnne Carter Wickham (1851-1939), the daughter of Williams Carter Wickham and Lucy Penn Taylor Wickham, married Robert H. Renshaw (1833-1910) in 1881 and they had four children. In 1920, Anne Renshaw married Dr. W.E. Byerly and lived in Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLucy Carter Wickham Byrd was the daughter of Edmund Fanning Wickham (1796-1834) and Lucy Carter (1799-1835) and the wife of George Harrison Byrd (1827-1910).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApparently the spelling of his name varies slightly from his mother's family name, Maclurg versus McClurg, but the use here reflects the spelling on his grave stone.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Howard School opened in 1831 and continued until 1834 with two teachers, the Reverend Jonathan Loring Woart (1807-1838) and his brother, the Reverend John Woart. The Episcopal High School opened in 1839 on the former Howard School location. There are also letters from the Reverend Jonathan Loring Woart (1807-1838) to William F. Wickham, including progress reports on the two boys, among this correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["This collection chiefly concerns the Wickham family of Richmond, Virginia and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation in Hanover County, Virginia, including the families of John Wickham (1763-1839), his son, William Fanning Wickham (1793-1880), grandson, Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), and great-grandson, Henry Taylor Wickham (1849-1943). When other relatives and friends appear in the folder listing, their birth and death dates and relationships are noted if known. The family owned enslaved persons and lists them by age. ","Attorney John Wickham married twice and had two lines of descent. His first wife was Mary Smith Fanning (1775-1799) by whom he had two sons, William Fanning Wickham of \"Hickory Hills,\" married to Anne Butler Carter (1797-1868), and Edmund Fanning Wickham of \"Rocky Mount\" (1796-1843), married to Anne's sister, Lucy Carter (1799-1835). ","After the death of his first wife, John Wickham married Elizabeth Seldon McClurg and had several more children. Some of these children are also represented in these papers.","Anne Carter Wickham (1851-1939), the daughter of Williams Carter Wickham and Lucy Penn Taylor Wickham, married Robert H. Renshaw (1833-1910) in 1881 and they had four children. In 1920, Anne Renshaw married Dr. W.E. Byerly and lived in Massachusetts.","Lucy Carter Wickham Byrd was the daughter of Edmund Fanning Wickham (1796-1834) and Lucy Carter (1799-1835) and the wife of George Harrison Byrd (1827-1910).","Apparently the spelling of his name varies slightly from his mother's family name, Maclurg versus McClurg, but the use here reflects the spelling on his grave stone.","The Howard School opened in 1831 and continued until 1834 with two teachers, the Reverend Jonathan Loring Woart (1807-1838) and his brother, the Reverend John Woart. The Episcopal High School opened in 1839 on the former Howard School location. There are also letters from the Reverend Jonathan Loring Woart (1807-1838) to William F. Wickham, including progress reports on the two boys, among this correspondence."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdded fa to VH 7 Dec. 2017.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Added fa to VH 7 Dec. 2017."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original letter has been transferred to the Henry Clay Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginals of these letters transferred to the John Randolph of Roanoke papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe originals of all three Wirt letters have been transferred to the Autographs collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original of the Robert E. Lee letter has been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe  original of the Lee letter  has been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original of letters to Robert E. Lee have been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers, the originals of the letters from Henry Clay transferred to the Henry Clay papers and those from John Singleton Mosby were transferred to the John Singleton Mosby papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe originals of Lee letters were transferred to Robert E. Lee papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["The original letter has been transferred to the Henry Clay Papers.","Originals of these letters transferred to the John Randolph of Roanoke papers.","The originals of all three Wirt letters have been transferred to the Autographs collection.","The original of the Robert E. Lee letter has been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers.","The  original of the Lee letter  has been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers.","The original of letters to Robert E. Lee have been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers, the originals of the letters from Henry Clay transferred to the Henry Clay papers and those from John Singleton Mosby were transferred to the John Singleton Mosby papers.","The originals of Lee letters were transferred to Robert E. Lee papers."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 15753 Wickham family papers, Albert and Shirley Special Collection Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 15753 Wickham family papers, Albert and Shirley Special Collection Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wickham family papers (1704-1950; 9.5 cubic feet) consist of papers of Richmond, Virginia and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation in Hanover County, Virginia, including the families of John Wickham (1763-1839), his son, William Fanning Wickham (1793-1880), grandson, Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), and great-grandson, Henry Taylor Wickham (1849-1943). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains business correspondence, chiefly concerning legal and agricultural pursuits; family correspondence with immediate and extended relatives; personal correspondence from friends and political associates; two brief diaries discussing the secession and the beginning of the Civil War; financial and legal papers, including lists of books purchased, hires of enslaved laborers, the purchase of enslaved laborers, medical care for enslaved laborers, losses from invading soldiers during the Civil War, estate values, including those of enslaved laborers, indentures, deeds, receipts, plats and surveys, and lists of enslaved laborers by name and age; genealogies and genealogical charts; invitations and calling cards; military papers of General Williams Carter Wickham in the Civil War and Captain Williams Carter Wickham, U.S. Navy; news clippings; some notes and manuscripts of William F. Wickham; a few photographs and snapshots; poetry; hand-written recipes; school papers; and sympathy and greeting cards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a hand drawn map of Hickory Hill plantation, the Wickham family estate which may have been drawn by a descendant of an enslaved laborer. It shows a diagram of \"Mammy's House\" and surrounding buildings that were revisited in the 1980's. The pages following the illustration name African Americans who were still living and working at Hickory Hill estate in the early 1900's. Mentioned are the families of John Robinson, Albert Cash,  Henry Toliver, Edith Jackson, Matt Foley, Maria Tucker, Ruben Lewis,Landonia Lewis, ALec Hewlett, Louisa and Albert Jackson, Henry Abrams, Betty Jackson, John Abram and Roselyn, Milton Hewlett, and Virginia Shelton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTopics include the Civil War, the relationships between family members in both the North and the South, and attitudes toward secession; many aspects of enslavement, often naming the enslaved laborers involved; Virginia and national politics; the practice of agriculture in Virginia; the education of the children of Virginia planters, including attendance at the Howard School, Episcopal High School, Washington College and the University of Virginia; military service of General Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), Captain William Carter Wickham (1887-1985), and other Wickham relatives.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include:, John Slidell and Co., Thomas C. Keaton, William Lyne, W.P. Mason, W.T. Nivison, William B. Page, Philip Rogers, Thomas Rotch, Penn T. Sale, John M. Shepherd, Peter F. Smith, Thomas Strode, William Sullivan, Thomas Swann, Richard Wallack, Ralph Wingfield, Alice B. Winston, and Zach Vowels\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with Edmund F. Wickham, include: Williams Carter (1819), Archibald Gracie and Robert Gracie (1821), and multiple correspondents in 1822: Curwen and Hagarty, Samuel John Dunlop, King and Gracie, Samuel Lambert, and Robert Hughes and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: James Dunlop, Ninian Edwards, John Ferguson, C.B. Fleet, William Fleet, Robert Gracie, Francis Gregg, James Hagarty, George E. Harrison, James Henderson, L. Jones, T. Jones, and Robert King.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters involving enslavement or enslaved laborers include one from L. Jones, asking for protection for \"old Billy\" and mentioning other issues concerning the welfare of enslaved laborers, January 2, 1823, and another letter from Ninian Edwards discussing the possible purchase of a female enslaved laborer for the wife of Dr. Harvey Lane, January 13, 1823.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Henry Arnall, Curwen and Hagarty, [J.] Dunlop, Ninian Edwards, C.B. Fleet, John G. Gamble, Robert G. Harper, George E. Harrison, Jones and Rodes, Hardage Lane, C.C. Lee, Lewis and Tomes, George Marx, John Morgan, and Charles Morris.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters involving enslavement include the inquiry by Robert G. Harper, May 5, 182[3], for information about the \"present condition, conduct, and prospects\" of some manumitted enslaved laborers formerly belonging to Samuel Gist who were freed in his will. He also asks for  the name and address of some respectable and intelligent person in the area where the freed formerly enslaved laborers now live who can send a report to Gist's relatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly Edmund F. Wickham and William F. Wickham, include: Curwen and Hagarty, James Dunlop, John Dunlop, William Logan Fisher, William Fleet, George Greenhow, George E. Harrison, B.B. Keesee, Robert King, Thomas Kelly, Hardage Lane, Lewis and Tomes, Charles F. Logan, William Lyne, and  Robert and John Oliver. One letter mentions a runaway enslaved man, named Joe, December 18, 1823.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: David Barclay, John H. Blair, Carter Braxton, William Burns, William L. Dance, S.W. Dandridge, Aaron Denman, Robert Douthat, Ninian Edwards, William Fleet, Gillingham and Randolphs (G.F. and E. Randolph), James Hagerty, George E. Harrison, John Hopkins, and Thomas and John G. Riddle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Richard Anderson, John Balfour, Thomas and John S. Biddle, Carter Braxton, William Burns, Hugh Campbell, Robert Douthat, and Gillingham and Randolphs (G.F. and E. Randolph).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Carter Berkeley, Carter Braxton, Roger Mallory, Thomas Nelson, and William F. Wickham to Thomas B. Coleman. Roger Mallory, the jailor in Petersburg, Virginia, writes concerning a runaway enslaved man named Jim who finally admitted he belonged to William F. Wickham. Jim had originally claimed to belong to Price Sharpe who was charged with permitting him to \"go at large contrary to law,\" and hire himself out, March 19, 1827.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: G.H. Bacchus, Thomas T. Bouldin, Thomas B. Coleman, M. Huelin,  Benjamin Whitehead Ladd, W.H. McFarland, William Nelson, John W. Payne, William G. Pendleton, M.E.M. Roane, and A.B. Spooner. Topics include the reception of freed former enslaved laborers in Ohio (Benjamin W. Ladd, March 4, 1830); and the [Samuel?] Gist estate (John M. Payne, April 22, 1830).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Patrick Nesbett Edgar, John Exall, Chapman Johnson, Thomas N. Lee, John Ponsonby Martin, William Nelson, Severn E. Parker, A. Robinson, Jr., William Rowlett, J.S. Skinner, Benjamin Temple, Robert Temple, Thomas Biddle and Company, and John R. Triplett. Topics include: blue wheat (Benjamin and Robert Temple, July 4, 1830 and August 4, 1830); American turf and racing magazine (August 3, 1830; September 1, 1830; October 19, 1830); and a collection of pedigrees for an American Stud Book (October 13, 1830).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: J.D. Andrews, John Corbin, Alfred V. Crenshaw, Crouches and Snead, Gracie and Company, James Gray, Richard B. Haxall, William Hilberg, James Lyle, and Francis Page. Topics include problems with a horse purchased from Wickham (November 15, 1838), the safe arrival of the Andrews family in Houston, Texas (January 28, 1839), and the sending of an enslaved man named Jefferson to fetch two mules from Wickham (April 22, 1839).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Beers and Poindexter, Robert M. Candlish, John S. Corbin, Robert Ellett, William Linton, A.T.B. Merritt, Nathaniel Nelson, J.W. Pegram, W. Richardson, Thomas Samson, John Shore, John N. Tazewell, James G. Watson, and William L. White. Topics include mention of the horse \"Priam\" at Merritt's Hicks Ford stud in Virginia and the failure of Wickham's Eclipse mare to foal last spring (May 11, 1842); the dire condition of the [enslaved man?] old Bob Clark and his family on the land of Nathanael Nelson and attempts to provide for their care (June 15 and July 11, 1842); and a discussion of improvements to Wickham's bevel wheel (July 11, 1842) by Thomas Samson of D.J. Burr and Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: John S. Corbin, Nathanael Cross, William Dorbaker, Thomas Ellis and Charles Ellis, Robert G. Gilman, J.H. Martin, [S.H.] Parker, James L. Pendleton, James A. Seddon, Jane J. Swann, George Taylor, John N. Tazewell, William L. White, and John Wight. Topics include lumber needed for a penitentiary and a possible list of enslaved laborers written in pencil on an address portion of the letter (October 10, 1842).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Warwick Barksdale, John Barr, Samuel Cottrell, Richard Gwathmey, John Struthers and Son, Lucius Minor, William Nelson, Lucien B. Price, Richard Randolph, Edmund Ruffin, William D. Taylor, John N. Tazewell, Philip B. Winston, and Richard M. Young (General Land Office). Topics include the sale of two enslaved women (January 29, 1845).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Warwick Barksdale, Wellington Goddin, Phineas Janney, C.C. Lee, Thomas Nelson, Bernard Peyton, [Lucien] B. Price, John T. Rogers, Edmund Ruffin, Robert Taylor, J.R. Underwood, William F. Watson, Joseph Wingfield, and Philip B. Winston. Topics include a description of damage to the property of Joseph Wingfield by the breakage of the mill dam of Wickham (March 12, 1848).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: John Gibson, G.W. Goode, Richard Gwathmey, Benjamin F. Larned (1794-1862), William Leigh, Thomas Nelson, John E. Page, James A. Seddon, Alexander H.H. Stuart, William F. Watson, Hugh A. Watt, W.C. Wickham (to James M. Ford), Edmund Winston, and William Overton Winston. Topics include the shipment of some prairie birds and directions for their care (December 23, 1849); lists of enslaved laborers for hire, including \"old Fanny,\" Nancy and her three children, and Betsy (January 1, 1850); request for information about the amount due on account of the division of the \"Negroes\" or enslaved laborers (March 5, 1850); William F. Wickham as the guardian of the minor heirs of Robert C. Wickham (April 20, 1850); the offer of the use of a Southdown buck for sheep breeding (July 12, 1850); the increase of visitors to the mountains of Virginia, especially at White Sulphur Springs, the Warm Springs, and the Hot Springs (August 5, 1850); the purchase of stained glass (November 19 and 23, 1850); the return of an enslaved woman who was a wet nurse, \"Mamma Betsy\" hired the year before for his little boy (July 28, 1849; November 5, 1850); and an opinion about Jenny Lind (December 20, 1850).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Alexander Hew, John F. Lay, [Laudonier] J. Randolph; Robert L. Randolph, Allen P. Richardson, William Sayre, William F. Wickham, and Thomas Wight. \nTopics include the redemption of land in Saline County, Missouri (September 13, 1853) and the settlement with McClurg Wickham, Littleton Waller Tazewell Wickham, and John Wickham concerning a loan from John Henry Wickham to them on August 11, 1851 (May 28, 1858).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: J.A. Allen, David Anderson, Jr., A.W. Ball, Ann B. Berkeley, the Reverend P.F. Berkeley, George H. Byrd (Wyman, Byrd and Co. Commission Merchants), [Magrat] Davis, R.B. Davis, Robert Johnston, J.H. Montague, H.C. Parsons, James H. Storrs, John R. Taylor, James Usher, and William F. Wickham (drafts to Ann B. Berkeley, the Reverend P.F. Berkeley, and B.W. Green). \nTopics include: the question in the legislature concerning the payment of legacies given in Confederate money between 1862-1865 (March 10, 1866); difficulties in settling court cases in West Virginia following the Civil War (November 16, 1866); a request from a woman for legal help in keeping her inheritance in her name and under her control rather than her husband's as her current lawyer advised (April 25, 1867); and reports on the \"North Wales\" farm (May 20, 27, and 31, 1870).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: James L. Apperson, W.W. Baldwin, Lewis D. Crenshaw, Jr., Isaac Davis, L.R. Dickinson, Maynard Dyson,  James S. Earle and Sons, George William Gibson, Charles Herndon, J.M. Hill, I.M. Parr and Son (Commission Merchants), J. Sabin and Sons (Booksellers, Printsellers and Importers), Walter C. Jones, A.C. Loomis, J.H. Montague, Henry Parry, G. Peyton, Joseph T. Priddy, R.H. Maury and Co. (Stock and Exchange Brokers), J.W. Ratcliffe, C.T. Smith, E.D. Starke, A.T. Stewart, W.T. Tinsley, H. Wernich, William F. Wickham (draft to L. Upshur Evans), and Wright and Co., Rio de Janeiro. \nTopics include: the sale of property in Richmond, Virginia, of a former brewery belonging to the estate of David G. Yuengling, Jr. along the James River called the \"James River Steam Brewery\" (August 16, 1879).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: George B. Butler, Alexander Kaslovistsh, and John Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlvis discusses the farm operations of the East Tuckahoe Plantation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe company sends sketches and discusses the replacement of the mantle damaged in the house fire at Hickory Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the oak tobacco boxes supplied by Edmund F. Wickham from \"Rocky Mills\" plantation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence is chiefly with William F. Wickham and Williams Carter Wickham. Topics include concern about the \"military bill\" in the South as a way for Congress to get at the landed property there (March 4, 1867); Wickham's fondness for memoirs and other mentions of reading (December 17, 1868; May 30, 1873; June 15 and 20, 1875; February 11, 1876; May 4, 1877; July 2, 1880); and the offer of building supplies currently at \"Broad Neck\" in order to rebuild the house at \"Hickory Hill\" after a fire (February 16, 1875).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence is chiefly with William F. Wickham and Williams Carter Wickham. Topics include the financial affairs of their cousin Georgina L. Featherstonhaugh (September 24 and October 28, 1879).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include Carter's impressions of Bristol College, Bucks County, Pennsylvania (October 18, 1834); complaints about the western states and their impact upon agricultural prices and politics, mentioning James Buchanan by name (July 17, 1846); suggestion that the enslaved laborers belonging to their nephews, Robert and John Wickham, be sold to pay the debt of their education (June 18, 1847); mention of a violent snowstorm that occurred just after he had returned home on a gunboat following a period of being nursed by his sister at \"Hickory Hill\" (November 8, 1862); and the death of Julia Wickham (July 16, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include C.P. Huntington (President), Henry Taylor Wickham, and Williams C. Wickham and J.S.F. Smith (Paint Creek Depot) concerning the opening of the coal mines on the land purchased from the Hansford heirs and the employment of miners in Kanawha County, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include C.P. Huntington (President), Henry Taylor Wickham, and Williams C. Wickham and J.S.F. Smith (Paint Creek Depot) concerning the opening of the coal mines on the land purchased from the Hansford heirs and the employment of miners in Kanawha County, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters concern lands held by Reuben Jenkins and John Henry Wickham in Saline County, Missouri.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters discuss matters concerning the Louisa Railroad, which was chartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1836, and renamed the Virginia Central Railroad in 1850, with Fontaine as its longtime president.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence is concerned with securing payment on the accounts of John Wickham and Littleton W. T. Wickham, brothers of William F. Wickham by an immediate sale of livestock and agricultural goods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions the illness of President Monroe and his own wife, Eliza Kortright Monroe Hay, the daughter of Monroe (August 4, 1823) and expresses disparaging remarks concerning a Yankee business associate (October 19, 1823).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include a request to help in the administration of the estate of Dr. McClurg (March 2, 1839); fears about the possible death of his son, Thomas, in [Mississippi?] (June 22, 1839); instructions about the purchase of summer clothing for the enslaved laborers by Alvis (April 21, 1840); mention that there are 70 enslaved laborerss associated with the \"Rocky Mills\" plantation of Edmund Wickham and 40 additional enslaved laborers associated with his father's [John Wickham] estate (July 28, 1842). Much of the correspondence in general deals with the settling of the estate of John Wickham (1763-1839).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses arrangements for the support of Mr. Harrison's children and his disappointment with Dr. Selden.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter of introduction from Henry Clay for Mr. Bainbridge of Kentucky to John Wickham.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKerr requests copies of any ordinances or laws concerning lands either given or planned to be given by the state of Virginia to the officers and soldiers who served in either the Continental Army or the Virginia state militia for use in the United States Court in Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the best way to secure the claim of Dr. McClurg for surgeon pay during his service in the Continental Army, keeping in mind that the United States will soon find a use for surplus money and mentions Henry Clay as doing a great deal of good [in Congress?].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecommends that they make sure that Dr. [James] McClurg's will is recorded in Kentucky.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotifies Wickham that he has located among his scorched papers enough information to send him a transcript of all he knows or remembers about the bonds of Mr. Balfour and invites him to visit Studley, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions the health concerns of family members and friends in Baltimore, Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the worsening physical condition of Walter [Maclurg Wickham?]  in Baltimore, Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotifies Wickham about the death of Walter [Maclurg Wickham?] in Baltimore, Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRequests Wickham provide the wording to a decree that would enable a sale of his property in Richmond, Virginia, to proceed since his power of attorney, Mr. Botts, was unable to perform his duties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter, March 24, 1820, incomplete, last page only, John Randolph of Roanoke writes concerning Stephen Decatur's death. In a second letter, April 1, 1820,   part of the letter and autograph signature excised, John Randolph of Roanoke thanks Wickham for his indulgence and civility in the matter of his father's estate and mentions [Littleton Waller] Tazewell's move to Norfolk.,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include: request for advice on a business proposition concerning property offered by Mr. Page as security for the payment of Tazewell's stock (July 4 and 9, 1819); Tazewell's current ill health (November 26, 1819); criticism of President John Quincy Adams and a description of a duel between Henry Clay and John Randolph of Roanoke (April 8, 1826); and damages suffered during a hurricane (October 14, 1838).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters concerns legal work performed by Wickham for Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses concern over several outbreaks of cholera among citizens and enslaved laborers on the plantation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites from White Sulphur Springs about the convalescence of Susan [Decatur Wickham (1819 -1831)].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Wickham addresses business matters in his absence on a trip to Philadelphia, sending four letters from stops in Washington, Baltimore, New York and Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe discusses the prospects for the wheat crop, the demand for flour in [American] towns and South America, and reports on his conversations with Mr. Haxall about pricing if the crop is delivered early (May through August 1830) and the last letter mentions their pleasant stay at the Sulphur Springs and Sweet Springs and the journey home, the drought in Kentucky and Ohio, and \"this new explosion in France\" (September 24, 1830).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWickham writes to his son William F. Wickham with concerns about his wheat crop, a notification of an outbreak of disease at Howard School for boys from Jonathan Loring Woart, and the preoccupation of the Virginia General Assembly over internal improvements (January 29 and May 30, 1834); the design of a mill powered by water (February 21, 1834); discussions about the Bank of Virginia and the elections (April 17 and 21, 1834); discussions about possible schools for their boys and rumors of a duel in Washington (September 28, 1834); discusses the President's message (December 7, 1834); an enslaved laborer, sick with cholera, who was believed to be dead several times, appears to be recovering partly due to work of Dr. McCaw (December 18, 1834); and politics in Washington (December 24, 1834).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWickham writes to his son William F. Wickham with concerns about his wheat crop (July 6, 1837) and to his sons at the University of Virginia, George and Littleton W.T. Wickham with advice about their studies, especially geology and the study of soils, and their visit to the Natural Bridge (May 15, 1837).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letters written during a trip to New England by William F. Wickham and Anne Wickham mention seeing the effects of a great drought all over the northeast, speculations about the wheat crop, poor corn crop of the current year, Littleton at the University of Virginia and George reporting for duty in Washington in the U.S. Navy (September 13, 17, and 25, 1838); news about the wheat market and John Wickham's health (November 20 and December 12, 1838); and news about the opening of the [James River and Kanawha Canal] and its advantages for Richmond, Virginia (December 20, 1838).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWirt asks for Wickham's advice concerning the rights of the widow in the estate of John Ellis (December 21, 1815); in another letter, October 10, 1830, autograph signature excised, Wirt asks for his advice and support in the case of the Cherokee Nation versus the state of Georgia, argued by Wirt before the Supreme Court; and in a third undated letter, Wirt discusses a property case involving Colonel Byrd and Mr. Harrison of Berkeley and lots in Manchester and Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two letters mentioning visits by Yankees to Hickory Hill and the taking of her father as a prisoner (May 27, 1862; August 4, 1862); also includes a letter from Robert E. Lee to his cousin, Miss Annie Wickham [later Anne Carter Wickham Renshaw Byerly], Lee promises to stop by \"Hickory Hill\" to visit if at all possible on his way back to Lexington, autograph signature excised from the letter (May 23, 1870).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters through March 1883 are written from Port Oratava to Henry T. Wickham but in April 1883 the Renshaw's began their journey home, settling in New Market and then Boyce, Virginia, by the turn of the century; In 1906, Annie writes from the University of Virginia about Robert H. Renshaw's poor health which continues until his death in 1910.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters are chiefly undated, but she appears to continue her correspondence with her uncle after the death of her Aunt Anne in1868, chiefly written from New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeigh mentions the death of Lizzie Wickham (February 27, 1862); General Johnston and his prospects in the Tennessee area (March 25, 1863); and the death of Mrs. Carter, probably Mary B. Randolph Carter (August 6, 1864).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter, September 16, 1836, described a duel between her brother James and John Chapman, which ended in reconciliation between the two men.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains one letter, August 17, 1863, concerning the Civil War, from Chattanooga, Tennessee, shortly before his death following his wounding and capture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include the preparation to leave for France with her husband, William Cabell Rives, appointed minister to France (June 26, 1829); and their return to Paris, France (August 2, 1851).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter, written from the Warm Springs Hospital, discusses Taylor's health problems and the recent Battle of Cheat Mountain (October 2, 1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo letters are written from China, one from Chefoo [present day Yantai] and the second from Tsingtao, while her husband, Captain Williams C. Wickham (1887-1985) was serving in the U.S. Asiatic Fleet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter from Williams Carter Wickham expresses his pleasure at her engagement to his son, Henry Taylor Wickham (August 26, 1885).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters are chiefly to her husband, Henry, while staying at the Homestead, Hot Springs, Virginia, (1911) and White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia (1913) for her health but two letters are to her son, Captain Williams Carter Wickham during his journey to join the Asiastic fleet (1924).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEarly letters are chiefly from his grandparents, William F. and Anne Wickham, and the letters in 1864 are between Henry and his parents, Williams C. and Lucy Wickham\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter mentions the death of his grandmother, Anne B. Carter Wickham (February 26, 1868); four letters were written as a University of Virginia student (October 17, 24, and 31, 1869; and May 8, 1870); and one letter from Henry to his son, Captain Williams C. Wickham, congratulating him on his engagement to Credilla Miller (October 2, 1911).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Wickham writes concerning land in Franklin County, Missouri, belonging to the estate of John Wickham (July 11, 1850).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War, Leigh Wickham received an appointment in the Confederate Quartermaster department at Memphis, Tennessee (September 13 and 19, and December 8, 1861); reports that the people of Mississippi were frightened of General Grant's army (December 23, 1862); and mentions the hanging of Colonel Lawrence Orton Williams as a Confederate spy by the Federals (June 14, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes one letter from Williams Carter Wickham while at the University of Virginia concerning the results of Professor Rogers' analysis of Edmund's specimens of marl (January 16, 1838).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains two letters from W.F. Wickham, Jr. as a student at the University of Virginia (December 19, 1848 and January 12, 1849).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters written as a student at the Episcopal High School of Virginia, Fairfax, Virginia (1874-1878) and the University of Virginia (1878-1883).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile his father is away in New York and Boston, Williams Carter Wickham sends reports on the activities and condition of the plantation, including illness and death among the enslaved laborers (September 7, 1845; September 15, 1848). Williams Carter Wickham writes with further reports to his father hoping to catch him still at Bowling Green (August 30, 1849); and Williams describes a trip with his wife Lucy to New York and on to Quebec (August 27, 1855).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains references to the participation of Williams Carter Wickham in the First Battle of Bull Run (July 24, 1861, and August 1861); rumors of possible attacks on Arlington and Alexandria and Norfolk (September 2, 1861); discussion about the ramifications of the seizure of James Murray Mason and John Slidell on board the RMS Trent by Union Captain Charles Wilkes (December 8, 1861); and W. Leigh Wickham's commission as assistant quartermaster with rank of captain (December 20, 1861). During the recent visit of William F. Wickham with General Robert E. Lee, Lee reported on the sufferings of the army in the west [1861].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliams Carter Wickham shares his weariness of the war and announces himself as a candidate for Congress (May 15, 1863); William F. Wickham voices his concern over scarcity of food in Richmond and near Charlottesville to Lucy Penn Taylor Wickham (January 19, 1864); and William F. Wickham fears that Lee cannot maintain communications to the south and wishes he had nothing more to do with land or enslaved laborers if only his son were home in peace (June 28, [1864]).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains references to the participation of Williams Carter Wickham in the First Battle of Bull Run (July 22-23, 27, and 31, 1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWickham is in Cavalry Camp, 5th Brigade and attached to Colonel Cocke's Brigade and has a complete blacksmith shop and blacksmith fixed up with his company but requires clothes for his [enslaved?] personal attendant, Robin (September 1, 1861); Many letters discuss conditions of camp life for an officer in the Confederate forces and the efforts of family at home to supply the needs and wants of their own family members in the forces but also those of other soldiers, such as clothing. The letters also show a desire to establish a local hospital for the troops like the ones run by the ladies in Fredericksburg, Virginia (September 4, 1861); Wickham writes from his camp at Fairfax Courthouse about opportunities for drilling the troops, his resignation of his seat in the Convention and in the Virginia Senate, his increasing concerns over the conduct of the war in the last two months, and the injurious effect of the capture of Fort Hatteras in North Carolina to the South (September 6, 1861); news that his son, Henry T. Taylor, is intensely reading the novels of Sir Walter Scott to the detriment of his studies (September 26, 1861); clothing made by the ladies of the community shipped off to the troops (October 12, 1861); Wickham currently at Union Mills (October 22, 1861); the difficulties of Lizzie Fry in getting a permit to leave to go home (October 24, 1861); and Wickham's meeting with General [Jeb] Stuart with whom he is very pleased (October 27, 1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWickham writes a very detailed letter about the detrimental effects of fighting the Civil War on their own home soil, his dinner with General Cocke, whose ardor for the war has cooled considerably, the wasting of their best resources in an unnatural strife, and the devastation wrought by both occupying armies (November 3, 1861); and mention of Colonel Robertson and General Stuart (November 7, 13, and 29, 1861). \nWriting from Camp Frontier after an absence of three days, he describes a plan for a force of  nine companies of cavalry and three regiments of infantry, all under General Stuart, to cut off an enemy encampment near Alexandria, but this was prevented by the arrival of more Federal forces in the area near Pohick Church and describes his activities as a member of the scouting party (November 13, 1861); furnishes a description of his strategy when in new territory (November 21, 1861); shares his belief that the Yankees will advance along the Evansport line, chiefly by water, but with a land force on the telegraph road, otherwise believes that they will go into winter quarters (November 24, 1861); and repeats a report from Mr. Porcher [of South Carolina?] that some of the coloured people had been shot by the Confederates and that some of the people offered to work on the entrenchments for the Yankees for pay (November 28, 1861). \nWickham is still waiting for word on any advancement against the enemy and a describes the Federal forces arrayed against Virginia (December 4, 1861); Wickham shares his wish to command a full regiment of cavalry if he cannot have his first  preference to be at home with Lucy, his shock at hearing about the death of Mr. [Cooke?] and his efforts to secure a furlough for Church to go home for the funeral (December 14, 1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWickham writes about the following topics, a story about Lt. Colonel Thomas L. Kane, commander of the Bucktail Rifles of Northern Pennsylvania and a relative (January 2, 1862); General Johnston likes Wickham's bill for the better organization of the army (January 8, 1862); Wickham's [enslaved?], attendant, Robin, has built a wonderful shelter for the horses in their winter camp (January 8, 1862); Wickham's return to Camp Ewell after his furlough (January 29, 1862); his disapproval of the bill in the Senate concerning the Virginia forces (February 4, 1862); and his concerns over the reorganization of his regiment (February 15, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include the alarm of the people in the area north of the Rappahannock where people are abandoning their homes and \"Negroes\" or enslaved laborers are going northward by the hundreds (March 14, 1862); bivouacking comfortably near Brandy Station (April 4, 1862); and reports that their new location is twelve miles below Williamsburg and five miles from Yorktown at \"Blows Mill\" and that they are short on provisions (April 18, 22 and 24, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include writing from Sudley Mills describes recent events that have greatly reduced his regiment and prevented his communicating with his family, noting that with 200 men Wickham charged the 12th Pennsylvania Cavalry 800 strong, routing them and capturing a large number, mentioning that General Ewell has lost a leg [during the battle of Groveton] (August 30, 1862); currently near Frederick, Maryland (September 7, 1862); yesterday at Sharpsburg, Maryland, \"fought probably the most desperate battle of the war\" [Battle of Antietam], Wickham lost twenty  men killed, wounded or missing, W.H.F. Lee's horse fell with him, Lt. Colonel Thornton of the 3rd had his arm torn by a shell and died of shock, Hill Carter received two severe wounds at Boonsborough and was left in the hands of the enemy, very difficult to find anything to eat, as local people will not sell them anything, and Thomas L. Kane was just made a Brigadier General in the Union army (September 18 and 21, 1862).\nReports on his safe return from an expedition to Pennsylvania with 1800 men (October 14 and 19, 1862); details of the cavalry raid to collect horses from Mercersburg, Chambersburg, and Emmitsburg (October 19, 1862); troops destroying the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (October 21, 1862);  his participation recently in a serious battle with losses of 1500 killed or wounded [Battle of Fredericksburg], with the town of Fredericksburg totally devastated and mentions activities of Major General Ambrose Burnside (December 15 and 18, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include the rejection of his resignation by the Secretary of War (January 15, 1863); staying with General Robert E. Lee at Culpeper Courthouse (March 1, 1863); discussion of the [Battle of Chancellorsville] (May 8, 1863 copy); spent the day with Lee who was in good spirits but without any hope of quick termination of the war and who would not allow his resignation, and General Jackson said to be dangerously ill with pleurisy (May 10, 1863); mentions the death of General Jackson and his fears for the safety of General Lee who he describes in appreciative terms (May 11, 1863); and describes his visit to General Lee's headquarters and assesses the results of recent battles (May 31, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include Wickham's approval of the generals James Longstreet, A.P. Hill, and Richard S. Ewell (June 3, 1863); Lucy relates their losses during visits of the Yankees to \"Hickory Hill\" and \"North Wales\" plantations and the capture of Fitzhugh Lee out of his sick bed (July 25, 1863); Wickham writes from the headquarters of Wickham's Brigade, following his commission as Brigadier General (September 12, 1863); news of Julius Theodore Porcher being mortally wounded from members of the 10th South Carolina Regiment (December 1863); Lucy Wickham's visit with General Wickham near Charlottesville, Virginia (January 17, 21, 31, 1864); General Lee has issued the first order that has not received Wickham's admiration (February 8, 1864); and draft of a letter from Wickham to Captain J.E. Cook, describing his actions beginning on October 28, 1862 until November 3, 1862 (February 26, 1864).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include accompanying General Robert E. Lee to the anniversary of the Young Men's Christian Association of Poney's Brigade to hear a talk on the character of General [Stonewall?] Jackson (March 29, 1864); description of the pillaging of \"Hickory Hill\" by the Yankees and their threatening Uncle Hill Carter (June 5, 1864, June 1864, August 1, 1864); mention of General Sheridan (July 25, 1864); description of the devastation in the area around Culpeper and mention of [Jubal] Early (August 12, 1864); and Wickham, while stationed in Winchester, Virginia, describing the broad valley just prior to the Battle of Winchester (September 5, 8, and 10, 1864).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWickham attended the U.S. Naval Academy from 1904 until 1909 and most of the letters from this period were to his parents. There are also a few dating from his service aboard the U.S.S. Minnesota (1911) and the U.S.S. Smith (1913) addressed to them. Letters dated 1924 from Captain Wickham to his wife, Credilla Miller Wickham, were written while serving in the U.S. Asiastic Fleet aboard the U.S.S. Pillsbury when the navy summered at Chefoo [present day Yantai], China.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: J.S.B. Alleyne (resolutions concerning the death of Dr. William F. Wickham in 1851); John B. Baldwin; L.M. Baldwin; Nannie P. Ballard; A.P. Bankhead; B. Johnson Barbour, John L. Barbour; Greta du Pont Barksdale (1891-1965); Phoebe [Barksdale?]; Marianna Elizabeth Barksdale (1796-1856) and her husband, William Jones Barksdale (1794-1859); Ann B. Berkeley; Letitia Glenn Biddle (1864-1950); John Minor Botts (1802-1869); Mary G. Braxton; Mary Carter Brickner; G. Thompson Brown; Alfred H. Byrd; E.H. Byrd and L.C. Byrd.\nTopics include a very detailed letter from John Minor Botts to General Williams Carter Wickham about the Civil War, particularly the requested transfer of Colonel Charles H. Wager from the infantry service to the cavalry, rumors about General Lee evacuating Virginia, complaints about the press stimulating the prejudices of the people, and rumors of a proposal to arm enslaved laborers to help fight against the Northern forces (January 8, 1865).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Ellen J. Cackie; J.R. Campbell (damaged postal card only); B.B. Claike; George Colton; A. Coolidge; O.A. Crenshaw; M.W.T. Cumberland; John B. Custis; Laura G. Custis; Raleigh T. Daniel; J.S. Davis; Enid Deem; Martha Lee Doughty \"To the Women of the Confederacy\" (undated); Fanny Duncan; Georgina L. Featherstonhaugh; and Mary J. Foster.\nTopics include: a discussion of several books read by Laura G. Custis of Boston (May 25, no year) and a description of the past few months the Custis family were forced to stay in Versailles, France, due to illness and the onset of the Franco-Prussian War (March 30, [1871]).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Ellen Carter, Lizzie Carter, L.W. Carter, Mary Carter, and W[illiams?] Carter, Jr.\nTopics include: the concern of W[illiams] Carter, Jr. that his father make a will immediately so that the Confederacy will not get any of [his brother?] Charles' portion of the estate.  He writes emphatically \"I don't wish the South to get a cent – no country in the history of the world has so worked out its own destruction as the Southern portion of the U.S. America, and all Christendom will in history say, Amen – next to Sodom and Gomorrah\" (February 3, 1862); W[illiams?] Carter, Jr. also asks that the enslaved laborers on both the North Wales and South Wales plantations be sent to Charlotte or some safe place so they will not be sold like cattle, mentioning all of the Tom and Sarah Fox family, Ben Napper and family, the Tom Brown and Harry Brown families, and other enslaved laborers by first name only (March 1, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: A.W. Carter; Agnes M. Carter; Annie Carter; Betty Carter; E.H. Carter; Emily Carter; Fanny N. Carter; L.H. Carter, Louise Carter, Pauline Carter, Susan Roy Carter, Thomas B. Carter, Thomas H. Carter (1831-1908), and Williams Carter.\nTopics include: the death of Julia Wickham (Thomas H. Carter, July 19, 1873); an expression of hope that the nation will mend following the Civil War, saying \"my hatred for Davis is only equaled by that for Charles Sumner,\" and mention of balloon flights and France's position of strength in Europe (Thomas B. Carter, Paris, May 22, 1866).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics of note include two references to the Civil War, including the \"suffering northern soldiers\" and the sentiment \"the same God made us all\" (August 10, 1861); and a second letter about the Civil War concerning shelling of the area near Shirley along the river by northern gunboats and comments about [General John] Pope (August 28, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include a condolence letter (July 12, 1873) concerning the death of Julia Leiper Wickham (1859-1873).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Peter J. Chevallie to his wife, Elizabeth Gilliam Chevallie; Sarah Magee \"Sally\" Chevallie Warwick (1816-1846) to her mother, Elizabeth Green Gilliam Chevallie (1796-1865); Joseph Gallego to his nephew, Peter J. Chevallie;  Henry Chevallie to his sister, Mary G. Chevallie; and Abraham Warwick (1794-1874) to his daughter-in-law, Elise F. Warwick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Robert Gamble; S.P. Gregory; Gene and [George?] Griffin; A.G. Grinnan; Evelyn Hale; Hetty Cary Harrison; Ella Havisham; Jane R. Haxall; Rosalie Haxall; Eva Mary Anna Mason Heth (1836-1915); Mary Heywood (with a photograph of her on her 78th birthday);  E.[L.] Holmes; R.R. Howison; J. Johns, Jr.; S. Harvey Johnson; William T. Joyner; W.M. Justis; Bessie D. Kane; J.D.L. Kane; Sallie G. Kean; and Ethel Kilburn.\nTopics include the Civil War (Robert Gamble, June 19, 1863); reminiscences about the Civil War and General Stuart, and a discussion about genealogy (A.G. Grinnan, 1892-1893); family reading (R.R. Howison, January 30, 1878); discussion of Reuben Lindsay Walker (1827-1890), commander of the Third Corps artillery, and his opposition to the peace commission, known as the [Hampton Roads Conference] during the Civil War and political issues that will arise at the conclusion of the war (William T. Joyner, February 3, 1865); and the poor state of the Confederate army, due in part to desertions (William T. Joyner, February 25, 1865).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Frances Wickham Graham; [Hartley] Graham; James Duncan Graham; Salva Graham; and William F. Wickham.\nTopics include chiefly family news but also some references to the work of James Duncan Graham as a member of the United States Engineer Corps (April 13, 1862; April 9, 1865; May 9, 1865); the condition of the South at the conclusion of the Civil War (June 2, 1865); and papers concerning the pension of James Duncan Graham (1867-1871).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: E.W. Hubard and J.L. Hubard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Robert B. Lancaster; Elizabeth W. Lay; R. Bruce Lockhart; A.C. Leigh; William Leigh; Ellen McCaw; Rose M. MacDonald; F. Mark; Captain G. [Marvel]; Dido Mason; E.K.N. Massie; Alice W. Meade; Susan W. Miller; Edgar Miller; F.B. Minor; Mary W. Minor;  and M.M. Morris. \nTopics include work on the book about old homes of Hanover (Robert B. Lancaster, January 8, 1984); the fire at Hickory Hill (Elizabeth W. Lay, February 17, 1875); and notification of an ankle injury of Captain W. Leigh Wickham in Chattanooga, Tennessee while serving as paymaster for the Confederate army (Edgar Miller, May 2, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Agnes Lee, Annie C. Lee, Ann H. Lee, C.C. Lee; Mary Custis Lee; Richard Henry Lee (1794-1865) concerning the state literary fund and his proposed memoir of Richard A. Lee; Robert E. Lee, Jr. concerning the death of William F. Wickham (July 16, 1873); and William H.F. \"Rooney\"  Lee (1837-1891).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Elizabeth B. Nicholas, concerning the fall of New Orleans to Federal forces (April 30, 1862); Helen N. Patterson; Lt. Colonel William H. Payne; Virginia Porcher; Lucy Carter Renshaw (1838-1965) concerning damages suffered by the \"Shirley\" plantation during the Civil War battles (July 4, 1862); Amelie Louise Rives Troubetzkoy (1863-1945); and M.C. Rives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Carrie P. Nelson; F. Nelson; F.P. Nelson; Jane E. Nelson; Jenny Nelson concerning the capture of Confederate George Washington \"Wash\" Nelson near Smithfield (November 6, 1863) and the raids of the Yankee soldiers in the neighborhood against the local residents (undated Civil War letter); Judith? Nelson; M.W. Nelson concerning the death of Lucy Carter Wickham (January 17, 1835); Mary C. Nelson; Robert Nelson on board the ship Oriental with his friend John Lewis [Points?] (August 29, 1851); Rose Nelson; Virginia L. Nelson; and W. Nelson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Anne Rose Page; Elizabeth Burwell Page; John Page; Judith Nelson Page; Leila Page; and Thomas Nelson Page concerning his book about Italy and his visit to England (January 9, 1920).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: George William Shelton; Amelie Louise Sigourney; M.M. Smith; Walter N. Sprinkel; A.M. Stearns; Alexander H.H. Stuart writes of his fear of the future, suggests that Williams Carter Wickham and himself travel to Washington on business to meet with some of the Yankee magnates and discuss ways to end the Civil War and expresses his sorrow over the sundering of the Union (January 23, 1865); Alta E. Stumpf concerning the awakening of Russia and its development (June 29, 1931); J.V. Swearingen; Louisa Nivison Tazewell (1804-1873) describing the death of her father, former Virginia governor, Littleton Waller Tazewell (1774-1860) in her letter (May 16, 1860); Fannie W. Toler; and C. Vanderbilt, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Belle Taylor; Bertie Taylor; Edmund P. Taylor; Elizabeth Taylor; Henry Taylor; Henry Taylor, Jr., John Taylor; Julianna Dunlap Leiper Taylor (1801-1883); R.I. Taylor; and Susan W. Taylor.\nOne letter from Henry Taylor, Jr., July 31, 1877, includes a very detailed discussion about Professor Colonel Peters at the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Davy Wallace; S. Gardner Waller; Louisa Webb; C.E. Wellford; Mary T. Williams; Captain W.L. Wingfield; Alice B. Winston; Philip B. Winston; and Beulah H.J. Woolston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: A.C.L. Wickham; Elizabeth S. Wickham; Fanny Wickham concerning the death of Ella Wickham (March 27, 1851); George Wickham; Julia L. Wickham; J.L. Wickham; L.A.C. Wickham; [L.V.] Wickham; M.F. Wickham; and Sarah Wickham.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include a description of the meeting of the trustees of the Peabody Fund for Education in the South, particularly Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple of Minnesota and his life among the indigenous native Americans, who he referred to as \"Indians\" (August 12, 1876).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include climate change (January 31, 1872); details of the career of his friend Custis, who died in 1872 and was a water commissioner in Boston (February 8, 1872); the influence of John C. Calhoun in ruining the whole South and his own state by men following his \"evil counsel\" (January 1, 1875); discussions of reading and current politics (January 8, 1875); description of Wickham's losses during the fire in February (March 13, 1875); mentions of Lord Byron, Charles Lamb, William Cullen Bryant and other literary figures (March 22, 1875); description of the Bunker Hill centennial (June 7, 1875); detailed discussion of the career of Patrick Henry (January 1, 1878); religious reading (March 13, 1878); and Richard Henry Dana, Jr. (December 11, 1878).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letters are chiefly social or agricultural but one, May 30, 1867, touches upon politics and international events and mentions Rives reading the biography of James Madison.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include the perils of travel by stage to Norfolk, Virginia, in winter (March 3, 1817); condolence letter upon the death of his friend, John Wickham, and reflections upon Wickham's importance in his own life as a mentor and friend and his singular character (January 26, 1839); the mention of Tazewell in the will of John Wickham (March 17 and April 1, 1839); ten inch snowfall in March and the economic difficulties of the country (March 21, 1843); discussion on the political issue on \"our title to Oregon\" (February 26, 1846); and Tazewell thanking William F. Wickham for his translations of Italian comedies, but does not think they merit the efforts of someone of Wickham's ability in the Italian language (July 15, 1849).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: William B. Bowers; E.E. Cooke; E.S. Holmes; E. Laurens; Robert E. Lee; L.M. Mason; N.W. Massie; Catharine H. Myers; [J.] R. Ritchie; E.R. Simons; Sue R. Simons; and Sallie P. Winston.\nThe letter from Robert E. Lee to his cousin, Anne B. Carter Wickham, November 11, 1862, hand-written copy, expresses his regret that her son, Williams Carter Wickham, has again been wounded but explains that he cannot spare Wickham from returning to duty in the army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the numerous correspondents are George Washington Custis Lee; Mildred Lee; W.H.F. Lee; General William Mahone; Francis H. Smith; and George D. Wise.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: John Minor discussing the two engravings, of General Marion and \"the Artist's Dream,\" sent by the Apollo Association for the Promotion of the Fine Arts in the United States and the current relations of the United States and England, especially as affected by the affair of the \"Creole\" (March 18 and October 12, 1842); Henry Clay declines an invitation to visit (February 22, 1848); John S. Mosby, concerning the service of the late Dr. James McClurg as a surgeon in the Revolutionary War (July 16 and August 6, 1849); Francis Robert Rives (1822-1891); Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) concerning politics and enslavement (February 15, 1850) and a visit (July 20, 1854); John R. Thompson, editor of the  \"Messenger,\" refusing an essay by Wickham defending the Mormons (December 4, 1850);  Edward Vernon Childe (1804-1861) writes concerning the peace negotiations during the Crimean War (December 18, 1855); and two drafts of a letter from Wickham to Robert E. Lee concerning the arrival of the Yankee cavalry at \"Hickory Hill,\" who carried off General W.H. F. Lee as a prisoner in Wickham's carriage as well as horses and enslaved laborers, and includes the report that Charlotte Lee's health is not good and that she is much distressed at her husband's capture (June 28, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include financial inquiry about Virginia's non-payment of the interest on state stock (January 17, 1872); the fire at Hickory Hill, Hanover County, Virginia (February 15, 1875); the voyage of William D. Shipman to England and his assessment of Thomas Jefferson's life and career (July 4, 1876); Wickham's analysis of State Trials of the United States by Francis Wharton, including his own memories of the James T. Callendar trial (June 19, 1876); and William D. Shipman's mention of seeing the effigy of ancestor William of Wykeham in Winchester, England and information about him (November 6, 1876).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include advice for Henry T. Wickham on entering the legal profession and the study of law (July 24, 1868); Robinson's work with a case in the Supreme Court concerning Allen T. Caperton (1810-1876) and his acts in West Virginia as Provost Marshal (April 15, 1872).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include the declaration of [William B.] Preston for the immediate secession of Virginia from the Union and Wickham's fear that \"the dogs of war will be let loose\" (April 16, 1861); two letters from Colonel [Beverly Holcombe] Robertson about missing and absent soldiers and his efforts to round them up (May 13 and 14, 1862); request for Wickham's support and vote for Robert H. Wynne as doorkeeper of the Confederate House of Representatives (December 24, 1863); John B. Baldwin informs Williams Carter Wickham that his nomination has not been acted upon (February 5, 1864) and two letters from John Taylor about family and home events during the Civil War (February 2 and 8, 1864).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include a letter from Robert E. Lee about Henry T. Wickham's attendance at Washington College in Lexington and Lee's plan to write a history about military campaigns in Virginia during the Civil War (October 3, 1865) and a draft of Wickham's reply to Lee in the hand of Lucy Wickham [October 13, 1865];  a draft of Wickham's letter to General W.H.F. Lee about contemporary politics (April 16, 1868); the formation of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad (September 17, 1868); Horace Greeley's comments on the progress of the railroads in Virginia (November 15, 1868); request and recommendation from Alexander H.H. Stuart on behalf of two job seekers in the railroad business (May 5, 1873); efforts of C.T. Smith to get Wickham elected (August 19, 1883); two congratulatory letters on the recent election of Wickham to the Virginia Senate from B. Johnson Barbour and John T. Harris (November 19, 1883); and a request for a donation towards a University of Virginia chapel from Schele de Vere (November 21, 1883).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe diary begins with an entry about the secession of South Carolina from the Union and continues with entries about the evacuation of Fort Moultrie and the removal of troops to Fort Sumter in South Carolina; each state that secedes from the Union is noted and mention made of the firing upon the steamer Star of the West at Charleston, South Carolina; Intermixed with news of the impending war are notes about building a henhouse, nests, the receipt of toys, and weather; his father [Williams Carter Wickham] as a candidate for the Virginia Secession Convention from Henrico (January 29, 1861); and ends with an entry for February 12, 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe diary mentions the following topics: the loan of a sharps rifle from George W. Randolph, supposedly owned before by John Brown and presented to the 1st [Virginia?] Regiment at Harper's Ferry; a four mile drive on the Petersburg Road to \"Strawberry Hill\" owned by Robert Edmond;  Judge and Mrs. Robertson leaving for \"Mount Athos\" their place in the country near Lynchburg, Virginia; double guard on \"the mills\" [Gallego Mills?]; the arrival of 1,000 men from Tennessee who went to the old fairgrounds; a drill by the \"Richland Rifles\" at the South Carolina camp; occupation of Alexandria by President Lincoln's troops; news of a battle at Bethel Church between Yorktown and Hampton; the departure of 2,000 troops for Manassas on June 13th; a visit to Camp Lee; examination of the fortifications below the city with locations noted; note that business is very slow since the commencement of the war; the meeting with Mr. and Mrs. Macfarland and General Lee at Mr. Lyon's [home?]; birth of a daughter [Elise Warwick Barksdale Wickham (1861-1952)] on August 28, 1861; note that he spent the last month with the 16th Virginia Regiment as Quartermaster at \"Camp Withers\" six miles from Norfolk; his orders to transfer to Colonel L. Smith's office as paymaster, September 13, 1861; and the death of cousin Fanny Townes, September 20, 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: lists of books purchased from Peter Cotton (October 20, 1816-January 27, 1817 and September 22, 1817); purchases of quills, paper, ink, chessmen, etc. (October 15, 1817); hires of enslaved laborers (January 25 and 27, 1817 and February 21, 1817); and a bill of sale for enslaved laborers (September 17, 1817).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: medical care for enslaved laborers from Dr. W.P. Jones (January 12, February 24 and 26, March 24, and June 24, 1818); a hire of an enslaved laborer (April 2, 1819); and a bill of sale for two male enslaved men (January 19, 1820).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: the return of a little boy, Joe Lewis, and little girl, Lucy, the property of William F. Wickham (September 28, 1821); payment to overseer William Lizer on \"South Wales\" plantation (January 26, 1821); and purchase of paper, ink, and books (July 7, 1821).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: the hire of an enslaved girl, Jenny (January 11, 1823).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: hiring of Nathaniel B. Priddy as overseer (1834-1835; 1837-1838, 1840); and a list of books and magazines, quills, pencils, and paper purchased (1836-1838).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: hiring of Samuel Bumpass as overseer (1842); the sale of an enslaved boy, Washington (January 6, 1843); hiring of Nathaniel B. Priddy as overseer (1843); sale of the enslaved woman, Nancy Wylde, and her two youngest children (May 23, 1843); and the sale of an enslaved man, Ned Davis (June 27, 1843).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: lists of books and writing supplies purchased (July 20, 1846; March 22 and April 16, 1847).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: lists of books and writing supplies purchased (February 1848; July 14, 1848; and October 4, 1849).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: lists of books purchased (January and November 1850); memoranda book containing the names of enslaved laborers (May 12, 1850); and the hire of enslaved men, Giles, Frank, and John from J.H. Wickham (1851).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: list of taxable property for William F. Wickham in 1853, includes 96 enslaved laborers over 16 years old and 116 enslaved laborers over twelve years old.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: partners listed for Warwick and Barksdale at the \"Gallego Mills\" following the death of William J. Barksdale (February 15 and July 2, 1860).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: theft of stock certificates, bank book, and checks from Williams Carter at the \"North Wales\" plantation during a Yankee raid (May 31, 1864); copy of the last will and testament of Williams Carter with a codicil dated July 30, 1864, freeing his two enslaved women, Margaret and Sally, with any offspring that they have as soon as peace shall be established in the country (July 17, 1864); an enslaved mulatto girl named Sally was lent to Anne Butler Berkeley by Williams Carter (August 10, 1864); indenture concerning the former plantations and property of Williams Carter, Sr. including \"North Wales\" and \"Broad Neck\" (May 16, 1867); and payroll lists (April 1, 1868).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: receipts for work in the coal banks, Clifton, West Virginia (1873).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: a valuation of personal property at \"North Wales\" plantation; valuation of real estate of Mr. [Abraham] Warwick made by commissioners, including factories, blacksmith shop, houses, lots, and a Brookfield farm; and a list of the names of enslaved laborers, with their evaluations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese three oversize items include an indenture between Betty Littlepage and Charles Carter of Corotoman (May 5, 1768); a deed of trust from Carter B. Page and Rebecca Page to Thomas Taylor and Benjamin Harrison (June 17, 1817); and an indenture concerning Catherine Page, \"Broad Neck\" and Williams Carter (March 11, 1822).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe oversize deeds and indentures include those signed by Carter B. and Rebecca Page and Thomas Taylor (June 7, 1817); an indenture between John Wickham, Edward Carrington, Daniel Call, and Littleton Waller Tazewell (March 17, 1800); an indenture between Harry and Anna Terrell and Charles Carter (October 7, 1769); an indenture between James Littlepage and Joel Terrell (April 23, 1751); an indenture between John Littlepage and John Carter (March 2, 1735); and a bill of sale for two male enslaved men, Billy and Cyrus (January 15, 1820).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese include a list with the heading \"A List of My Slaves, such as I wish to keep, such as I may wish to sell and may wish to send to the West\" with names, ages, special skills or jobs, and their evaluations on the \"Rocky Mills\" and \"South Wales\" plantations belonging to Edmund Fanning Wickham in 1835; an account of the sale of land and enslaved laborers at \"Rocky Mills\" in November 1842 with the name of the purchaser, name of the enslaved laborer and the prices; a list of enslaved laborers treated by Dr. J.P. Harrison (April 24, 1844; July 1845; July 1848); list of William F. Wickham's enslaved laborers by age category (1843); the evaluation of an enslaved man, Tom Christian and his entire family (December 22, 1846); a list of named enslaved laborers with their ages belonging to the estate of Dr. James McClurg, Hanover County, Virginia, with evalutions by W. O. Winston (January 18, 1852); a list of 209 named enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] (January 1854); a list of 269 named enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] (January 1859); a list of enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] who were either carried off the plantation by Yankee forces or left of their own accord during the Civil War (1862-1864); and one list of enslaved men between the ages of 18 and 55 with the notation that two are in Confederate service, 14 remain on the plantation and 33 have left and gone to the enemy (January 31, 1865) and another list of enslaved laborers that went to the enemy by year, 120 in all [1865].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese six oversize items include four land grant certificates to Edmund F. Wickham and Edwin P. Crenshaw; a London Medical Society membership certificate for Dr. James Maclurg (1784); a letter from Lucy Nelson (1835).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe oversize plats include one for \"North Wales\" plantation belonging to Charles Carter, October 4, 1779; a plat of \"South Wales\" and Lane plantations, Hanover County, according to the division of January 1818, but updated on May 21, 1858; a plat showing the part of \"South Wales\" plantation allotted to Anne B. Carter, the purchase of land by W.F. Wickham from Thomas Carter, and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation purchased by W.F. Wickham from the estate of George W. Smith, November 27, 1825; plat of \"Verdon\" Hanover County, Virginia, belonging to the estate of John T. Anderson (December 1, 1865); and an undated plat showing parcels of land west of the Missouri River, apparently belonging to Thomas Gorham and a Wickham family member, 4 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese six oversize items include a survey of the Broad Neck or Big Neck tract for Thomas C. Nelson (September 8, 1818); survey of the Lane tract, part of the South Wales Estate (January 1818); plat of the Lane tract, South Wales and Hickory Hill (January 1818); fields laid off and numbered from a survey of W.F. Wickham's river fields (February 16, 1837); surveys no. 137 and no. 146 in Saline County, Missouri for Edmund F. Wickham (1841); diagram of land plots to the west of the Missouri River and the 5th principal meridian, presumably in Missouri [1841-1842?].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material includes a recollection of George Wythe by William F. Wickham (1874); and the first recollection of General Robert E. Lee by Anne Carter Wickham Renshaw Byerly, written in a letter to her brother Henry (undated); biographical sketches of Captain William C. Wickham, U.S. Navy (April 19, 1962 and September 1985), John Wickham (undated), and General Williams Carter Wickham (undated); and history of \"Hickory Hill\" (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamilies discussed include Fanning, Leiper, Martian, Peyton, Pye, Tabb and Barksdale, Taylor, Warwick, and Wingfield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis includes a report of [3rd (Wickham's) Virginia Cavalry Brigade] near Front Royal, Virginia (August 23, 1864).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes such items as the weather at Hickory Hill (1857); a prayer of Bishop Meade (1861); printed advertisement for a catalog of attorneys (1875); damaged circular from a Rochester nursery (1882); a horse pedigree (undated); and \"Notes on Planting Box at Williamsburg\" by Arthur A. Shurcliff (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese include Wickham's notes concerning the \"Home Reminiscences of John Randolph, of Roanoke\" by Powhatan Bouldin, the benefits of lime and marl, and W.W. Mac Farland's address.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese include [Julia L. Wickham], \"Peliso\" Orange, Virginia, gardens in Rome, [Hickory Hill], Captain Williams C. Wickham, U.S. Navy, and an unidentified boy taken by Tyson and Perry, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Wickham family papers (1704-1950; 9.5 cubic feet) consist of papers of Richmond, Virginia and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation in Hanover County, Virginia, including the families of John Wickham (1763-1839), his son, William Fanning Wickham (1793-1880), grandson, Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), and great-grandson, Henry Taylor Wickham (1849-1943). ","The collection contains business correspondence, chiefly concerning legal and agricultural pursuits; family correspondence with immediate and extended relatives; personal correspondence from friends and political associates; two brief diaries discussing the secession and the beginning of the Civil War; financial and legal papers, including lists of books purchased, hires of enslaved laborers, the purchase of enslaved laborers, medical care for enslaved laborers, losses from invading soldiers during the Civil War, estate values, including those of enslaved laborers, indentures, deeds, receipts, plats and surveys, and lists of enslaved laborers by name and age; genealogies and genealogical charts; invitations and calling cards; military papers of General Williams Carter Wickham in the Civil War and Captain Williams Carter Wickham, U.S. Navy; news clippings; some notes and manuscripts of William F. Wickham; a few photographs and snapshots; poetry; hand-written recipes; school papers; and sympathy and greeting cards. ","There is also a hand drawn map of Hickory Hill plantation, the Wickham family estate which may have been drawn by a descendant of an enslaved laborer. It shows a diagram of \"Mammy's House\" and surrounding buildings that were revisited in the 1980's. The pages following the illustration name African Americans who were still living and working at Hickory Hill estate in the early 1900's. Mentioned are the families of John Robinson, Albert Cash,  Henry Toliver, Edith Jackson, Matt Foley, Maria Tucker, Ruben Lewis,Landonia Lewis, ALec Hewlett, Louisa and Albert Jackson, Henry Abrams, Betty Jackson, John Abram and Roselyn, Milton Hewlett, and Virginia Shelton.","Topics include the Civil War, the relationships between family members in both the North and the South, and attitudes toward secession; many aspects of enslavement, often naming the enslaved laborers involved; Virginia and national politics; the practice of agriculture in Virginia; the education of the children of Virginia planters, including attendance at the Howard School, Episcopal High School, Washington College and the University of Virginia; military service of General Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), Captain William Carter Wickham (1887-1985), and other Wickham relatives.  ","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include:, John Slidell and Co., Thomas C. Keaton, William Lyne, W.P. Mason, W.T. Nivison, William B. Page, Philip Rogers, Thomas Rotch, Penn T. Sale, John M. Shepherd, Peter F. Smith, Thomas Strode, William Sullivan, Thomas Swann, Richard Wallack, Ralph Wingfield, Alice B. Winston, and Zach Vowels","Correspondents, chiefly with Edmund F. Wickham, include: Williams Carter (1819), Archibald Gracie and Robert Gracie (1821), and multiple correspondents in 1822: Curwen and Hagarty, Samuel John Dunlop, King and Gracie, Samuel Lambert, and Robert Hughes and Co.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: James Dunlop, Ninian Edwards, John Ferguson, C.B. Fleet, William Fleet, Robert Gracie, Francis Gregg, James Hagarty, George E. Harrison, James Henderson, L. Jones, T. Jones, and Robert King.","Letters involving enslavement or enslaved laborers include one from L. Jones, asking for protection for \"old Billy\" and mentioning other issues concerning the welfare of enslaved laborers, January 2, 1823, and another letter from Ninian Edwards discussing the possible purchase of a female enslaved laborer for the wife of Dr. Harvey Lane, January 13, 1823.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Henry Arnall, Curwen and Hagarty, [J.] Dunlop, Ninian Edwards, C.B. Fleet, John G. Gamble, Robert G. Harper, George E. Harrison, Jones and Rodes, Hardage Lane, C.C. Lee, Lewis and Tomes, George Marx, John Morgan, and Charles Morris.","Letters involving enslavement include the inquiry by Robert G. Harper, May 5, 182[3], for information about the \"present condition, conduct, and prospects\" of some manumitted enslaved laborers formerly belonging to Samuel Gist who were freed in his will. He also asks for  the name and address of some respectable and intelligent person in the area where the freed formerly enslaved laborers now live who can send a report to Gist's relatives.","Correspondents, chiefly Edmund F. Wickham and William F. Wickham, include: Curwen and Hagarty, James Dunlop, John Dunlop, William Logan Fisher, William Fleet, George Greenhow, George E. Harrison, B.B. Keesee, Robert King, Thomas Kelly, Hardage Lane, Lewis and Tomes, Charles F. Logan, William Lyne, and  Robert and John Oliver. One letter mentions a runaway enslaved man, named Joe, December 18, 1823.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: David Barclay, John H. Blair, Carter Braxton, William Burns, William L. Dance, S.W. Dandridge, Aaron Denman, Robert Douthat, Ninian Edwards, William Fleet, Gillingham and Randolphs (G.F. and E. Randolph), James Hagerty, George E. Harrison, John Hopkins, and Thomas and John G. Riddle.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Richard Anderson, John Balfour, Thomas and John S. Biddle, Carter Braxton, William Burns, Hugh Campbell, Robert Douthat, and Gillingham and Randolphs (G.F. and E. Randolph).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Carter Berkeley, Carter Braxton, Roger Mallory, Thomas Nelson, and William F. Wickham to Thomas B. Coleman. Roger Mallory, the jailor in Petersburg, Virginia, writes concerning a runaway enslaved man named Jim who finally admitted he belonged to William F. Wickham. Jim had originally claimed to belong to Price Sharpe who was charged with permitting him to \"go at large contrary to law,\" and hire himself out, March 19, 1827.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: G.H. Bacchus, Thomas T. Bouldin, Thomas B. Coleman, M. Huelin,  Benjamin Whitehead Ladd, W.H. McFarland, William Nelson, John W. Payne, William G. Pendleton, M.E.M. Roane, and A.B. Spooner. Topics include the reception of freed former enslaved laborers in Ohio (Benjamin W. Ladd, March 4, 1830); and the [Samuel?] Gist estate (John M. Payne, April 22, 1830).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Patrick Nesbett Edgar, John Exall, Chapman Johnson, Thomas N. Lee, John Ponsonby Martin, William Nelson, Severn E. Parker, A. Robinson, Jr., William Rowlett, J.S. Skinner, Benjamin Temple, Robert Temple, Thomas Biddle and Company, and John R. Triplett. Topics include: blue wheat (Benjamin and Robert Temple, July 4, 1830 and August 4, 1830); American turf and racing magazine (August 3, 1830; September 1, 1830; October 19, 1830); and a collection of pedigrees for an American Stud Book (October 13, 1830).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: J.D. Andrews, John Corbin, Alfred V. Crenshaw, Crouches and Snead, Gracie and Company, James Gray, Richard B. Haxall, William Hilberg, James Lyle, and Francis Page. Topics include problems with a horse purchased from Wickham (November 15, 1838), the safe arrival of the Andrews family in Houston, Texas (January 28, 1839), and the sending of an enslaved man named Jefferson to fetch two mules from Wickham (April 22, 1839).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Beers and Poindexter, Robert M. Candlish, John S. Corbin, Robert Ellett, William Linton, A.T.B. Merritt, Nathaniel Nelson, J.W. Pegram, W. Richardson, Thomas Samson, John Shore, John N. Tazewell, James G. Watson, and William L. White. Topics include mention of the horse \"Priam\" at Merritt's Hicks Ford stud in Virginia and the failure of Wickham's Eclipse mare to foal last spring (May 11, 1842); the dire condition of the [enslaved man?] old Bob Clark and his family on the land of Nathanael Nelson and attempts to provide for their care (June 15 and July 11, 1842); and a discussion of improvements to Wickham's bevel wheel (July 11, 1842) by Thomas Samson of D.J. Burr and Company.","Correspondents include: John S. Corbin, Nathanael Cross, William Dorbaker, Thomas Ellis and Charles Ellis, Robert G. Gilman, J.H. Martin, [S.H.] Parker, James L. Pendleton, James A. Seddon, Jane J. Swann, George Taylor, John N. Tazewell, William L. White, and John Wight. Topics include lumber needed for a penitentiary and a possible list of enslaved laborers written in pencil on an address portion of the letter (October 10, 1842).","Correspondents include: Warwick Barksdale, John Barr, Samuel Cottrell, Richard Gwathmey, John Struthers and Son, Lucius Minor, William Nelson, Lucien B. Price, Richard Randolph, Edmund Ruffin, William D. Taylor, John N. Tazewell, Philip B. Winston, and Richard M. Young (General Land Office). Topics include the sale of two enslaved women (January 29, 1845).","Correspondents include: Warwick Barksdale, Wellington Goddin, Phineas Janney, C.C. Lee, Thomas Nelson, Bernard Peyton, [Lucien] B. Price, John T. Rogers, Edmund Ruffin, Robert Taylor, J.R. Underwood, William F. Watson, Joseph Wingfield, and Philip B. Winston. Topics include a description of damage to the property of Joseph Wingfield by the breakage of the mill dam of Wickham (March 12, 1848).","Correspondents include: John Gibson, G.W. Goode, Richard Gwathmey, Benjamin F. Larned (1794-1862), William Leigh, Thomas Nelson, John E. Page, James A. Seddon, Alexander H.H. Stuart, William F. Watson, Hugh A. Watt, W.C. Wickham (to James M. Ford), Edmund Winston, and William Overton Winston. Topics include the shipment of some prairie birds and directions for their care (December 23, 1849); lists of enslaved laborers for hire, including \"old Fanny,\" Nancy and her three children, and Betsy (January 1, 1850); request for information about the amount due on account of the division of the \"Negroes\" or enslaved laborers (March 5, 1850); William F. Wickham as the guardian of the minor heirs of Robert C. Wickham (April 20, 1850); the offer of the use of a Southdown buck for sheep breeding (July 12, 1850); the increase of visitors to the mountains of Virginia, especially at White Sulphur Springs, the Warm Springs, and the Hot Springs (August 5, 1850); the purchase of stained glass (November 19 and 23, 1850); the return of an enslaved woman who was a wet nurse, \"Mamma Betsy\" hired the year before for his little boy (July 28, 1849; November 5, 1850); and an opinion about Jenny Lind (December 20, 1850).","Correspondents include: Alexander Hew, John F. Lay, [Laudonier] J. Randolph; Robert L. Randolph, Allen P. Richardson, William Sayre, William F. Wickham, and Thomas Wight. \nTopics include the redemption of land in Saline County, Missouri (September 13, 1853) and the settlement with McClurg Wickham, Littleton Waller Tazewell Wickham, and John Wickham concerning a loan from John Henry Wickham to them on August 11, 1851 (May 28, 1858).","Correspondents include: J.A. Allen, David Anderson, Jr., A.W. Ball, Ann B. Berkeley, the Reverend P.F. Berkeley, George H. Byrd (Wyman, Byrd and Co. Commission Merchants), [Magrat] Davis, R.B. Davis, Robert Johnston, J.H. Montague, H.C. Parsons, James H. Storrs, John R. Taylor, James Usher, and William F. Wickham (drafts to Ann B. Berkeley, the Reverend P.F. Berkeley, and B.W. Green). \nTopics include: the question in the legislature concerning the payment of legacies given in Confederate money between 1862-1865 (March 10, 1866); difficulties in settling court cases in West Virginia following the Civil War (November 16, 1866); a request from a woman for legal help in keeping her inheritance in her name and under her control rather than her husband's as her current lawyer advised (April 25, 1867); and reports on the \"North Wales\" farm (May 20, 27, and 31, 1870).","Correspondents include: James L. Apperson, W.W. Baldwin, Lewis D. Crenshaw, Jr., Isaac Davis, L.R. Dickinson, Maynard Dyson,  James S. Earle and Sons, George William Gibson, Charles Herndon, J.M. Hill, I.M. Parr and Son (Commission Merchants), J. Sabin and Sons (Booksellers, Printsellers and Importers), Walter C. Jones, A.C. Loomis, J.H. Montague, Henry Parry, G. Peyton, Joseph T. Priddy, R.H. Maury and Co. (Stock and Exchange Brokers), J.W. Ratcliffe, C.T. Smith, E.D. Starke, A.T. Stewart, W.T. Tinsley, H. Wernich, William F. Wickham (draft to L. Upshur Evans), and Wright and Co., Rio de Janeiro. \nTopics include: the sale of property in Richmond, Virginia, of a former brewery belonging to the estate of David G. Yuengling, Jr. along the James River called the \"James River Steam Brewery\" (August 16, 1879).","Correspondents include: George B. Butler, Alexander Kaslovistsh, and John Watkins.","Alvis discusses the farm operations of the East Tuckahoe Plantation.","The company sends sketches and discusses the replacement of the mantle damaged in the house fire at Hickory Hill.","Discusses the oak tobacco boxes supplied by Edmund F. Wickham from \"Rocky Mills\" plantation.","Correspondence is chiefly with William F. Wickham and Williams Carter Wickham. Topics include concern about the \"military bill\" in the South as a way for Congress to get at the landed property there (March 4, 1867); Wickham's fondness for memoirs and other mentions of reading (December 17, 1868; May 30, 1873; June 15 and 20, 1875; February 11, 1876; May 4, 1877; July 2, 1880); and the offer of building supplies currently at \"Broad Neck\" in order to rebuild the house at \"Hickory Hill\" after a fire (February 16, 1875).","Correspondence is chiefly with William F. Wickham and Williams Carter Wickham. Topics include the financial affairs of their cousin Georgina L. Featherstonhaugh (September 24 and October 28, 1879).","Topics include Carter's impressions of Bristol College, Bucks County, Pennsylvania (October 18, 1834); complaints about the western states and their impact upon agricultural prices and politics, mentioning James Buchanan by name (July 17, 1846); suggestion that the enslaved laborers belonging to their nephews, Robert and John Wickham, be sold to pay the debt of their education (June 18, 1847); mention of a violent snowstorm that occurred just after he had returned home on a gunboat following a period of being nursed by his sister at \"Hickory Hill\" (November 8, 1862); and the death of Julia Wickham (July 16, 1873).","Correspondents include C.P. Huntington (President), Henry Taylor Wickham, and Williams C. Wickham and J.S.F. Smith (Paint Creek Depot) concerning the opening of the coal mines on the land purchased from the Hansford heirs and the employment of miners in Kanawha County, West Virginia.","Correspondents include C.P. Huntington (President), Henry Taylor Wickham, and Williams C. Wickham and J.S.F. Smith (Paint Creek Depot) concerning the opening of the coal mines on the land purchased from the Hansford heirs and the employment of miners in Kanawha County, West Virginia.","Letters concern lands held by Reuben Jenkins and John Henry Wickham in Saline County, Missouri.","Letters discuss matters concerning the Louisa Railroad, which was chartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1836, and renamed the Virginia Central Railroad in 1850, with Fontaine as its longtime president.","Correspondence is concerned with securing payment on the accounts of John Wickham and Littleton W. T. Wickham, brothers of William F. Wickham by an immediate sale of livestock and agricultural goods.","Mentions the illness of President Monroe and his own wife, Eliza Kortright Monroe Hay, the daughter of Monroe (August 4, 1823) and expresses disparaging remarks concerning a Yankee business associate (October 19, 1823).","Topics include a request to help in the administration of the estate of Dr. McClurg (March 2, 1839); fears about the possible death of his son, Thomas, in [Mississippi?] (June 22, 1839); instructions about the purchase of summer clothing for the enslaved laborers by Alvis (April 21, 1840); mention that there are 70 enslaved laborerss associated with the \"Rocky Mills\" plantation of Edmund Wickham and 40 additional enslaved laborers associated with his father's [John Wickham] estate (July 28, 1842). Much of the correspondence in general deals with the settling of the estate of John Wickham (1763-1839).","Discusses arrangements for the support of Mr. Harrison's children and his disappointment with Dr. Selden.","Letter of introduction from Henry Clay for Mr. Bainbridge of Kentucky to John Wickham.","Kerr requests copies of any ordinances or laws concerning lands either given or planned to be given by the state of Virginia to the officers and soldiers who served in either the Continental Army or the Virginia state militia for use in the United States Court in Ohio.","Discusses the best way to secure the claim of Dr. McClurg for surgeon pay during his service in the Continental Army, keeping in mind that the United States will soon find a use for surplus money and mentions Henry Clay as doing a great deal of good [in Congress?].","Recommends that they make sure that Dr. [James] McClurg's will is recorded in Kentucky.","Notifies Wickham that he has located among his scorched papers enough information to send him a transcript of all he knows or remembers about the bonds of Mr. Balfour and invites him to visit Studley, Virginia.","Mentions the health concerns of family members and friends in Baltimore, Maryland.","Describes the worsening physical condition of Walter [Maclurg Wickham?]  in Baltimore, Maryland.","Notifies Wickham about the death of Walter [Maclurg Wickham?] in Baltimore, Maryland.","Requests Wickham provide the wording to a decree that would enable a sale of his property in Richmond, Virginia, to proceed since his power of attorney, Mr. Botts, was unable to perform his duties.","One letter, March 24, 1820, incomplete, last page only, John Randolph of Roanoke writes concerning Stephen Decatur's death. In a second letter, April 1, 1820,   part of the letter and autograph signature excised, John Randolph of Roanoke thanks Wickham for his indulgence and civility in the matter of his father's estate and mentions [Littleton Waller] Tazewell's move to Norfolk.,","Topics include: request for advice on a business proposition concerning property offered by Mr. Page as security for the payment of Tazewell's stock (July 4 and 9, 1819); Tazewell's current ill health (November 26, 1819); criticism of President John Quincy Adams and a description of a duel between Henry Clay and John Randolph of Roanoke (April 8, 1826); and damages suffered during a hurricane (October 14, 1838).","Letters concerns legal work performed by Wickham for Richardson.","Expresses concern over several outbreaks of cholera among citizens and enslaved laborers on the plantation.","Writes from White Sulphur Springs about the convalescence of Susan [Decatur Wickham (1819 -1831)].","John Wickham addresses business matters in his absence on a trip to Philadelphia, sending four letters from stops in Washington, Baltimore, New York and Philadelphia.","He discusses the prospects for the wheat crop, the demand for flour in [American] towns and South America, and reports on his conversations with Mr. Haxall about pricing if the crop is delivered early (May through August 1830) and the last letter mentions their pleasant stay at the Sulphur Springs and Sweet Springs and the journey home, the drought in Kentucky and Ohio, and \"this new explosion in France\" (September 24, 1830).","Wickham writes to his son William F. Wickham with concerns about his wheat crop, a notification of an outbreak of disease at Howard School for boys from Jonathan Loring Woart, and the preoccupation of the Virginia General Assembly over internal improvements (January 29 and May 30, 1834); the design of a mill powered by water (February 21, 1834); discussions about the Bank of Virginia and the elections (April 17 and 21, 1834); discussions about possible schools for their boys and rumors of a duel in Washington (September 28, 1834); discusses the President's message (December 7, 1834); an enslaved laborer, sick with cholera, who was believed to be dead several times, appears to be recovering partly due to work of Dr. McCaw (December 18, 1834); and politics in Washington (December 24, 1834).","Wickham writes to his son William F. Wickham with concerns about his wheat crop (July 6, 1837) and to his sons at the University of Virginia, George and Littleton W.T. Wickham with advice about their studies, especially geology and the study of soils, and their visit to the Natural Bridge (May 15, 1837).","The letters written during a trip to New England by William F. Wickham and Anne Wickham mention seeing the effects of a great drought all over the northeast, speculations about the wheat crop, poor corn crop of the current year, Littleton at the University of Virginia and George reporting for duty in Washington in the U.S. Navy (September 13, 17, and 25, 1838); news about the wheat market and John Wickham's health (November 20 and December 12, 1838); and news about the opening of the [James River and Kanawha Canal] and its advantages for Richmond, Virginia (December 20, 1838).","Wirt asks for Wickham's advice concerning the rights of the widow in the estate of John Ellis (December 21, 1815); in another letter, October 10, 1830, autograph signature excised, Wirt asks for his advice and support in the case of the Cherokee Nation versus the state of Georgia, argued by Wirt before the Supreme Court; and in a third undated letter, Wirt discusses a property case involving Colonel Byrd and Mr. Harrison of Berkeley and lots in Manchester and Richmond, Virginia.","Includes two letters mentioning visits by Yankees to Hickory Hill and the taking of her father as a prisoner (May 27, 1862; August 4, 1862); also includes a letter from Robert E. Lee to his cousin, Miss Annie Wickham [later Anne Carter Wickham Renshaw Byerly], Lee promises to stop by \"Hickory Hill\" to visit if at all possible on his way back to Lexington, autograph signature excised from the letter (May 23, 1870).","Letters through March 1883 are written from Port Oratava to Henry T. Wickham but in April 1883 the Renshaw's began their journey home, settling in New Market and then Boyce, Virginia, by the turn of the century; In 1906, Annie writes from the University of Virginia about Robert H. Renshaw's poor health which continues until his death in 1910.","These letters are chiefly undated, but she appears to continue her correspondence with her uncle after the death of her Aunt Anne in1868, chiefly written from New York.","Leigh mentions the death of Lizzie Wickham (February 27, 1862); General Johnston and his prospects in the Tennessee area (March 25, 1863); and the death of Mrs. Carter, probably Mary B. Randolph Carter (August 6, 1864).","One letter, September 16, 1836, described a duel between her brother James and John Chapman, which ended in reconciliation between the two men.","Contains one letter, August 17, 1863, concerning the Civil War, from Chattanooga, Tennessee, shortly before his death following his wounding and capture.","Topics include the preparation to leave for France with her husband, William Cabell Rives, appointed minister to France (June 26, 1829); and their return to Paris, France (August 2, 1851).","One letter, written from the Warm Springs Hospital, discusses Taylor's health problems and the recent Battle of Cheat Mountain (October 2, 1861).","Two letters are written from China, one from Chefoo [present day Yantai] and the second from Tsingtao, while her husband, Captain Williams C. Wickham (1887-1985) was serving in the U.S. Asiatic Fleet.","One letter from Williams Carter Wickham expresses his pleasure at her engagement to his son, Henry Taylor Wickham (August 26, 1885).","These letters are chiefly to her husband, Henry, while staying at the Homestead, Hot Springs, Virginia, (1911) and White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia (1913) for her health but two letters are to her son, Captain Williams Carter Wickham during his journey to join the Asiastic fleet (1924).","Early letters are chiefly from his grandparents, William F. and Anne Wickham, and the letters in 1864 are between Henry and his parents, Williams C. and Lucy Wickham","One letter mentions the death of his grandmother, Anne B. Carter Wickham (February 26, 1868); four letters were written as a University of Virginia student (October 17, 24, and 31, 1869; and May 8, 1870); and one letter from Henry to his son, Captain Williams C. Wickham, congratulating him on his engagement to Credilla Miller (October 2, 1911).","John Wickham writes concerning land in Franklin County, Missouri, belonging to the estate of John Wickham (July 11, 1850).","During the Civil War, Leigh Wickham received an appointment in the Confederate Quartermaster department at Memphis, Tennessee (September 13 and 19, and December 8, 1861); reports that the people of Mississippi were frightened of General Grant's army (December 23, 1862); and mentions the hanging of Colonel Lawrence Orton Williams as a Confederate spy by the Federals (June 14, 1863).","Correspondence includes one letter from Williams Carter Wickham while at the University of Virginia concerning the results of Professor Rogers' analysis of Edmund's specimens of marl (January 16, 1838).","Contains two letters from W.F. Wickham, Jr. as a student at the University of Virginia (December 19, 1848 and January 12, 1849).","Includes letters written as a student at the Episcopal High School of Virginia, Fairfax, Virginia (1874-1878) and the University of Virginia (1878-1883).","While his father is away in New York and Boston, Williams Carter Wickham sends reports on the activities and condition of the plantation, including illness and death among the enslaved laborers (September 7, 1845; September 15, 1848). Williams Carter Wickham writes with further reports to his father hoping to catch him still at Bowling Green (August 30, 1849); and Williams describes a trip with his wife Lucy to New York and on to Quebec (August 27, 1855).","This folder contains references to the participation of Williams Carter Wickham in the First Battle of Bull Run (July 24, 1861, and August 1861); rumors of possible attacks on Arlington and Alexandria and Norfolk (September 2, 1861); discussion about the ramifications of the seizure of James Murray Mason and John Slidell on board the RMS Trent by Union Captain Charles Wilkes (December 8, 1861); and W. Leigh Wickham's commission as assistant quartermaster with rank of captain (December 20, 1861). During the recent visit of William F. Wickham with General Robert E. Lee, Lee reported on the sufferings of the army in the west [1861].","Williams Carter Wickham shares his weariness of the war and announces himself as a candidate for Congress (May 15, 1863); William F. Wickham voices his concern over scarcity of food in Richmond and near Charlottesville to Lucy Penn Taylor Wickham (January 19, 1864); and William F. Wickham fears that Lee cannot maintain communications to the south and wishes he had nothing more to do with land or enslaved laborers if only his son were home in peace (June 28, [1864]).","This folder contains references to the participation of Williams Carter Wickham in the First Battle of Bull Run (July 22-23, 27, and 31, 1861).","Wickham is in Cavalry Camp, 5th Brigade and attached to Colonel Cocke's Brigade and has a complete blacksmith shop and blacksmith fixed up with his company but requires clothes for his [enslaved?] personal attendant, Robin (September 1, 1861); Many letters discuss conditions of camp life for an officer in the Confederate forces and the efforts of family at home to supply the needs and wants of their own family members in the forces but also those of other soldiers, such as clothing. The letters also show a desire to establish a local hospital for the troops like the ones run by the ladies in Fredericksburg, Virginia (September 4, 1861); Wickham writes from his camp at Fairfax Courthouse about opportunities for drilling the troops, his resignation of his seat in the Convention and in the Virginia Senate, his increasing concerns over the conduct of the war in the last two months, and the injurious effect of the capture of Fort Hatteras in North Carolina to the South (September 6, 1861); news that his son, Henry T. Taylor, is intensely reading the novels of Sir Walter Scott to the detriment of his studies (September 26, 1861); clothing made by the ladies of the community shipped off to the troops (October 12, 1861); Wickham currently at Union Mills (October 22, 1861); the difficulties of Lizzie Fry in getting a permit to leave to go home (October 24, 1861); and Wickham's meeting with General [Jeb] Stuart with whom he is very pleased (October 27, 1861).","Wickham writes a very detailed letter about the detrimental effects of fighting the Civil War on their own home soil, his dinner with General Cocke, whose ardor for the war has cooled considerably, the wasting of their best resources in an unnatural strife, and the devastation wrought by both occupying armies (November 3, 1861); and mention of Colonel Robertson and General Stuart (November 7, 13, and 29, 1861). \nWriting from Camp Frontier after an absence of three days, he describes a plan for a force of  nine companies of cavalry and three regiments of infantry, all under General Stuart, to cut off an enemy encampment near Alexandria, but this was prevented by the arrival of more Federal forces in the area near Pohick Church and describes his activities as a member of the scouting party (November 13, 1861); furnishes a description of his strategy when in new territory (November 21, 1861); shares his belief that the Yankees will advance along the Evansport line, chiefly by water, but with a land force on the telegraph road, otherwise believes that they will go into winter quarters (November 24, 1861); and repeats a report from Mr. Porcher [of South Carolina?] that some of the coloured people had been shot by the Confederates and that some of the people offered to work on the entrenchments for the Yankees for pay (November 28, 1861). \nWickham is still waiting for word on any advancement against the enemy and a describes the Federal forces arrayed against Virginia (December 4, 1861); Wickham shares his wish to command a full regiment of cavalry if he cannot have his first  preference to be at home with Lucy, his shock at hearing about the death of Mr. [Cooke?] and his efforts to secure a furlough for Church to go home for the funeral (December 14, 1861).","Wickham writes about the following topics, a story about Lt. Colonel Thomas L. Kane, commander of the Bucktail Rifles of Northern Pennsylvania and a relative (January 2, 1862); General Johnston likes Wickham's bill for the better organization of the army (January 8, 1862); Wickham's [enslaved?], attendant, Robin, has built a wonderful shelter for the horses in their winter camp (January 8, 1862); Wickham's return to Camp Ewell after his furlough (January 29, 1862); his disapproval of the bill in the Senate concerning the Virginia forces (February 4, 1862); and his concerns over the reorganization of his regiment (February 15, 1862).","Topics include the alarm of the people in the area north of the Rappahannock where people are abandoning their homes and \"Negroes\" or enslaved laborers are going northward by the hundreds (March 14, 1862); bivouacking comfortably near Brandy Station (April 4, 1862); and reports that their new location is twelve miles below Williamsburg and five miles from Yorktown at \"Blows Mill\" and that they are short on provisions (April 18, 22 and 24, 1862).","Topics include writing from Sudley Mills describes recent events that have greatly reduced his regiment and prevented his communicating with his family, noting that with 200 men Wickham charged the 12th Pennsylvania Cavalry 800 strong, routing them and capturing a large number, mentioning that General Ewell has lost a leg [during the battle of Groveton] (August 30, 1862); currently near Frederick, Maryland (September 7, 1862); yesterday at Sharpsburg, Maryland, \"fought probably the most desperate battle of the war\" [Battle of Antietam], Wickham lost twenty  men killed, wounded or missing, W.H.F. Lee's horse fell with him, Lt. Colonel Thornton of the 3rd had his arm torn by a shell and died of shock, Hill Carter received two severe wounds at Boonsborough and was left in the hands of the enemy, very difficult to find anything to eat, as local people will not sell them anything, and Thomas L. Kane was just made a Brigadier General in the Union army (September 18 and 21, 1862).\nReports on his safe return from an expedition to Pennsylvania with 1800 men (October 14 and 19, 1862); details of the cavalry raid to collect horses from Mercersburg, Chambersburg, and Emmitsburg (October 19, 1862); troops destroying the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (October 21, 1862);  his participation recently in a serious battle with losses of 1500 killed or wounded [Battle of Fredericksburg], with the town of Fredericksburg totally devastated and mentions activities of Major General Ambrose Burnside (December 15 and 18, 1862).","Topics include the rejection of his resignation by the Secretary of War (January 15, 1863); staying with General Robert E. Lee at Culpeper Courthouse (March 1, 1863); discussion of the [Battle of Chancellorsville] (May 8, 1863 copy); spent the day with Lee who was in good spirits but without any hope of quick termination of the war and who would not allow his resignation, and General Jackson said to be dangerously ill with pleurisy (May 10, 1863); mentions the death of General Jackson and his fears for the safety of General Lee who he describes in appreciative terms (May 11, 1863); and describes his visit to General Lee's headquarters and assesses the results of recent battles (May 31, 1863).","Topics include Wickham's approval of the generals James Longstreet, A.P. Hill, and Richard S. Ewell (June 3, 1863); Lucy relates their losses during visits of the Yankees to \"Hickory Hill\" and \"North Wales\" plantations and the capture of Fitzhugh Lee out of his sick bed (July 25, 1863); Wickham writes from the headquarters of Wickham's Brigade, following his commission as Brigadier General (September 12, 1863); news of Julius Theodore Porcher being mortally wounded from members of the 10th South Carolina Regiment (December 1863); Lucy Wickham's visit with General Wickham near Charlottesville, Virginia (January 17, 21, 31, 1864); General Lee has issued the first order that has not received Wickham's admiration (February 8, 1864); and draft of a letter from Wickham to Captain J.E. Cook, describing his actions beginning on October 28, 1862 until November 3, 1862 (February 26, 1864).","Topics include accompanying General Robert E. Lee to the anniversary of the Young Men's Christian Association of Poney's Brigade to hear a talk on the character of General [Stonewall?] Jackson (March 29, 1864); description of the pillaging of \"Hickory Hill\" by the Yankees and their threatening Uncle Hill Carter (June 5, 1864, June 1864, August 1, 1864); mention of General Sheridan (July 25, 1864); description of the devastation in the area around Culpeper and mention of [Jubal] Early (August 12, 1864); and Wickham, while stationed in Winchester, Virginia, describing the broad valley just prior to the Battle of Winchester (September 5, 8, and 10, 1864).","Wickham attended the U.S. Naval Academy from 1904 until 1909 and most of the letters from this period were to his parents. There are also a few dating from his service aboard the U.S.S. Minnesota (1911) and the U.S.S. Smith (1913) addressed to them. Letters dated 1924 from Captain Wickham to his wife, Credilla Miller Wickham, were written while serving in the U.S. Asiastic Fleet aboard the U.S.S. Pillsbury when the navy summered at Chefoo [present day Yantai], China.","Correspondents include: J.S.B. Alleyne (resolutions concerning the death of Dr. William F. Wickham in 1851); John B. Baldwin; L.M. Baldwin; Nannie P. Ballard; A.P. Bankhead; B. Johnson Barbour, John L. Barbour; Greta du Pont Barksdale (1891-1965); Phoebe [Barksdale?]; Marianna Elizabeth Barksdale (1796-1856) and her husband, William Jones Barksdale (1794-1859); Ann B. Berkeley; Letitia Glenn Biddle (1864-1950); John Minor Botts (1802-1869); Mary G. Braxton; Mary Carter Brickner; G. Thompson Brown; Alfred H. Byrd; E.H. Byrd and L.C. Byrd.\nTopics include a very detailed letter from John Minor Botts to General Williams Carter Wickham about the Civil War, particularly the requested transfer of Colonel Charles H. Wager from the infantry service to the cavalry, rumors about General Lee evacuating Virginia, complaints about the press stimulating the prejudices of the people, and rumors of a proposal to arm enslaved laborers to help fight against the Northern forces (January 8, 1865).","Correspondents include: Ellen J. Cackie; J.R. Campbell (damaged postal card only); B.B. Claike; George Colton; A. Coolidge; O.A. Crenshaw; M.W.T. Cumberland; John B. Custis; Laura G. Custis; Raleigh T. Daniel; J.S. Davis; Enid Deem; Martha Lee Doughty \"To the Women of the Confederacy\" (undated); Fanny Duncan; Georgina L. Featherstonhaugh; and Mary J. Foster.\nTopics include: a discussion of several books read by Laura G. Custis of Boston (May 25, no year) and a description of the past few months the Custis family were forced to stay in Versailles, France, due to illness and the onset of the Franco-Prussian War (March 30, [1871]).","Correspondents include: Ellen Carter, Lizzie Carter, L.W. Carter, Mary Carter, and W[illiams?] Carter, Jr.\nTopics include: the concern of W[illiams] Carter, Jr. that his father make a will immediately so that the Confederacy will not get any of [his brother?] Charles' portion of the estate.  He writes emphatically \"I don't wish the South to get a cent – no country in the history of the world has so worked out its own destruction as the Southern portion of the U.S. America, and all Christendom will in history say, Amen – next to Sodom and Gomorrah\" (February 3, 1862); W[illiams?] Carter, Jr. also asks that the enslaved laborers on both the North Wales and South Wales plantations be sent to Charlotte or some safe place so they will not be sold like cattle, mentioning all of the Tom and Sarah Fox family, Ben Napper and family, the Tom Brown and Harry Brown families, and other enslaved laborers by first name only (March 1, 1862).","Correspondents include: A.W. Carter; Agnes M. Carter; Annie Carter; Betty Carter; E.H. Carter; Emily Carter; Fanny N. Carter; L.H. Carter, Louise Carter, Pauline Carter, Susan Roy Carter, Thomas B. Carter, Thomas H. Carter (1831-1908), and Williams Carter.\nTopics include: the death of Julia Wickham (Thomas H. Carter, July 19, 1873); an expression of hope that the nation will mend following the Civil War, saying \"my hatred for Davis is only equaled by that for Charles Sumner,\" and mention of balloon flights and France's position of strength in Europe (Thomas B. Carter, Paris, May 22, 1866).","Topics of note include two references to the Civil War, including the \"suffering northern soldiers\" and the sentiment \"the same God made us all\" (August 10, 1861); and a second letter about the Civil War concerning shelling of the area near Shirley along the river by northern gunboats and comments about [General John] Pope (August 28, 1862).","Topics include a condolence letter (July 12, 1873) concerning the death of Julia Leiper Wickham (1859-1873).","Correspondents include: Peter J. Chevallie to his wife, Elizabeth Gilliam Chevallie; Sarah Magee \"Sally\" Chevallie Warwick (1816-1846) to her mother, Elizabeth Green Gilliam Chevallie (1796-1865); Joseph Gallego to his nephew, Peter J. Chevallie;  Henry Chevallie to his sister, Mary G. Chevallie; and Abraham Warwick (1794-1874) to his daughter-in-law, Elise F. Warwick.","Correspondents include: Robert Gamble; S.P. Gregory; Gene and [George?] Griffin; A.G. Grinnan; Evelyn Hale; Hetty Cary Harrison; Ella Havisham; Jane R. Haxall; Rosalie Haxall; Eva Mary Anna Mason Heth (1836-1915); Mary Heywood (with a photograph of her on her 78th birthday);  E.[L.] Holmes; R.R. Howison; J. Johns, Jr.; S. Harvey Johnson; William T. Joyner; W.M. Justis; Bessie D. Kane; J.D.L. Kane; Sallie G. Kean; and Ethel Kilburn.\nTopics include the Civil War (Robert Gamble, June 19, 1863); reminiscences about the Civil War and General Stuart, and a discussion about genealogy (A.G. Grinnan, 1892-1893); family reading (R.R. Howison, January 30, 1878); discussion of Reuben Lindsay Walker (1827-1890), commander of the Third Corps artillery, and his opposition to the peace commission, known as the [Hampton Roads Conference] during the Civil War and political issues that will arise at the conclusion of the war (William T. Joyner, February 3, 1865); and the poor state of the Confederate army, due in part to desertions (William T. Joyner, February 25, 1865).","Correspondents include: Frances Wickham Graham; [Hartley] Graham; James Duncan Graham; Salva Graham; and William F. Wickham.\nTopics include chiefly family news but also some references to the work of James Duncan Graham as a member of the United States Engineer Corps (April 13, 1862; April 9, 1865; May 9, 1865); the condition of the South at the conclusion of the Civil War (June 2, 1865); and papers concerning the pension of James Duncan Graham (1867-1871).","Correspondents include: E.W. Hubard and J.L. Hubard.","Correspondents include: Robert B. Lancaster; Elizabeth W. Lay; R. Bruce Lockhart; A.C. Leigh; William Leigh; Ellen McCaw; Rose M. MacDonald; F. Mark; Captain G. [Marvel]; Dido Mason; E.K.N. Massie; Alice W. Meade; Susan W. Miller; Edgar Miller; F.B. Minor; Mary W. Minor;  and M.M. Morris. \nTopics include work on the book about old homes of Hanover (Robert B. Lancaster, January 8, 1984); the fire at Hickory Hill (Elizabeth W. Lay, February 17, 1875); and notification of an ankle injury of Captain W. Leigh Wickham in Chattanooga, Tennessee while serving as paymaster for the Confederate army (Edgar Miller, May 2, 1863).","Correspondents include: Agnes Lee, Annie C. Lee, Ann H. Lee, C.C. Lee; Mary Custis Lee; Richard Henry Lee (1794-1865) concerning the state literary fund and his proposed memoir of Richard A. Lee; Robert E. Lee, Jr. concerning the death of William F. Wickham (July 16, 1873); and William H.F. \"Rooney\"  Lee (1837-1891).","Correspondents include: Elizabeth B. Nicholas, concerning the fall of New Orleans to Federal forces (April 30, 1862); Helen N. Patterson; Lt. Colonel William H. Payne; Virginia Porcher; Lucy Carter Renshaw (1838-1965) concerning damages suffered by the \"Shirley\" plantation during the Civil War battles (July 4, 1862); Amelie Louise Rives Troubetzkoy (1863-1945); and M.C. Rives.","Correspondents include: Carrie P. Nelson; F. Nelson; F.P. Nelson; Jane E. Nelson; Jenny Nelson concerning the capture of Confederate George Washington \"Wash\" Nelson near Smithfield (November 6, 1863) and the raids of the Yankee soldiers in the neighborhood against the local residents (undated Civil War letter); Judith? Nelson; M.W. Nelson concerning the death of Lucy Carter Wickham (January 17, 1835); Mary C. Nelson; Robert Nelson on board the ship Oriental with his friend John Lewis [Points?] (August 29, 1851); Rose Nelson; Virginia L. Nelson; and W. Nelson.","Correspondents include: Anne Rose Page; Elizabeth Burwell Page; John Page; Judith Nelson Page; Leila Page; and Thomas Nelson Page concerning his book about Italy and his visit to England (January 9, 1920).","Correspondents include: George William Shelton; Amelie Louise Sigourney; M.M. Smith; Walter N. Sprinkel; A.M. Stearns; Alexander H.H. Stuart writes of his fear of the future, suggests that Williams Carter Wickham and himself travel to Washington on business to meet with some of the Yankee magnates and discuss ways to end the Civil War and expresses his sorrow over the sundering of the Union (January 23, 1865); Alta E. Stumpf concerning the awakening of Russia and its development (June 29, 1931); J.V. Swearingen; Louisa Nivison Tazewell (1804-1873) describing the death of her father, former Virginia governor, Littleton Waller Tazewell (1774-1860) in her letter (May 16, 1860); Fannie W. Toler; and C. Vanderbilt, Jr.","Correspondents include: Belle Taylor; Bertie Taylor; Edmund P. Taylor; Elizabeth Taylor; Henry Taylor; Henry Taylor, Jr., John Taylor; Julianna Dunlap Leiper Taylor (1801-1883); R.I. Taylor; and Susan W. Taylor.\nOne letter from Henry Taylor, Jr., July 31, 1877, includes a very detailed discussion about Professor Colonel Peters at the University of Virginia.","Correspondents include: Davy Wallace; S. Gardner Waller; Louisa Webb; C.E. Wellford; Mary T. Williams; Captain W.L. Wingfield; Alice B. Winston; Philip B. Winston; and Beulah H.J. Woolston.","Correspondents include: A.C.L. Wickham; Elizabeth S. Wickham; Fanny Wickham concerning the death of Ella Wickham (March 27, 1851); George Wickham; Julia L. Wickham; J.L. Wickham; L.A.C. Wickham; [L.V.] Wickham; M.F. Wickham; and Sarah Wickham.","Topics include a description of the meeting of the trustees of the Peabody Fund for Education in the South, particularly Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple of Minnesota and his life among the indigenous native Americans, who he referred to as \"Indians\" (August 12, 1876).","Topics include climate change (January 31, 1872); details of the career of his friend Custis, who died in 1872 and was a water commissioner in Boston (February 8, 1872); the influence of John C. Calhoun in ruining the whole South and his own state by men following his \"evil counsel\" (January 1, 1875); discussions of reading and current politics (January 8, 1875); description of Wickham's losses during the fire in February (March 13, 1875); mentions of Lord Byron, Charles Lamb, William Cullen Bryant and other literary figures (March 22, 1875); description of the Bunker Hill centennial (June 7, 1875); detailed discussion of the career of Patrick Henry (January 1, 1878); religious reading (March 13, 1878); and Richard Henry Dana, Jr. (December 11, 1878).","The letters are chiefly social or agricultural but one, May 30, 1867, touches upon politics and international events and mentions Rives reading the biography of James Madison.","Topics include the perils of travel by stage to Norfolk, Virginia, in winter (March 3, 1817); condolence letter upon the death of his friend, John Wickham, and reflections upon Wickham's importance in his own life as a mentor and friend and his singular character (January 26, 1839); the mention of Tazewell in the will of John Wickham (March 17 and April 1, 1839); ten inch snowfall in March and the economic difficulties of the country (March 21, 1843); discussion on the political issue on \"our title to Oregon\" (February 26, 1846); and Tazewell thanking William F. Wickham for his translations of Italian comedies, but does not think they merit the efforts of someone of Wickham's ability in the Italian language (July 15, 1849).","Correspondents include: William B. Bowers; E.E. Cooke; E.S. Holmes; E. Laurens; Robert E. Lee; L.M. Mason; N.W. Massie; Catharine H. Myers; [J.] R. Ritchie; E.R. Simons; Sue R. Simons; and Sallie P. Winston.\nThe letter from Robert E. Lee to his cousin, Anne B. Carter Wickham, November 11, 1862, hand-written copy, expresses his regret that her son, Williams Carter Wickham, has again been wounded but explains that he cannot spare Wickham from returning to duty in the army.","Among the numerous correspondents are George Washington Custis Lee; Mildred Lee; W.H.F. Lee; General William Mahone; Francis H. Smith; and George D. Wise.","Correspondents include: John Minor discussing the two engravings, of General Marion and \"the Artist's Dream,\" sent by the Apollo Association for the Promotion of the Fine Arts in the United States and the current relations of the United States and England, especially as affected by the affair of the \"Creole\" (March 18 and October 12, 1842); Henry Clay declines an invitation to visit (February 22, 1848); John S. Mosby, concerning the service of the late Dr. James McClurg as a surgeon in the Revolutionary War (July 16 and August 6, 1849); Francis Robert Rives (1822-1891); Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) concerning politics and enslavement (February 15, 1850) and a visit (July 20, 1854); John R. Thompson, editor of the  \"Messenger,\" refusing an essay by Wickham defending the Mormons (December 4, 1850);  Edward Vernon Childe (1804-1861) writes concerning the peace negotiations during the Crimean War (December 18, 1855); and two drafts of a letter from Wickham to Robert E. Lee concerning the arrival of the Yankee cavalry at \"Hickory Hill,\" who carried off General W.H. F. Lee as a prisoner in Wickham's carriage as well as horses and enslaved laborers, and includes the report that Charlotte Lee's health is not good and that she is much distressed at her husband's capture (June 28, 1863).","Topics include financial inquiry about Virginia's non-payment of the interest on state stock (January 17, 1872); the fire at Hickory Hill, Hanover County, Virginia (February 15, 1875); the voyage of William D. Shipman to England and his assessment of Thomas Jefferson's life and career (July 4, 1876); Wickham's analysis of State Trials of the United States by Francis Wharton, including his own memories of the James T. Callendar trial (June 19, 1876); and William D. Shipman's mention of seeing the effigy of ancestor William of Wykeham in Winchester, England and information about him (November 6, 1876).","Topics include advice for Henry T. Wickham on entering the legal profession and the study of law (July 24, 1868); Robinson's work with a case in the Supreme Court concerning Allen T. Caperton (1810-1876) and his acts in West Virginia as Provost Marshal (April 15, 1872).","Topics include the declaration of [William B.] Preston for the immediate secession of Virginia from the Union and Wickham's fear that \"the dogs of war will be let loose\" (April 16, 1861); two letters from Colonel [Beverly Holcombe] Robertson about missing and absent soldiers and his efforts to round them up (May 13 and 14, 1862); request for Wickham's support and vote for Robert H. Wynne as doorkeeper of the Confederate House of Representatives (December 24, 1863); John B. Baldwin informs Williams Carter Wickham that his nomination has not been acted upon (February 5, 1864) and two letters from John Taylor about family and home events during the Civil War (February 2 and 8, 1864).","Topics include a letter from Robert E. Lee about Henry T. Wickham's attendance at Washington College in Lexington and Lee's plan to write a history about military campaigns in Virginia during the Civil War (October 3, 1865) and a draft of Wickham's reply to Lee in the hand of Lucy Wickham [October 13, 1865];  a draft of Wickham's letter to General W.H.F. Lee about contemporary politics (April 16, 1868); the formation of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad (September 17, 1868); Horace Greeley's comments on the progress of the railroads in Virginia (November 15, 1868); request and recommendation from Alexander H.H. Stuart on behalf of two job seekers in the railroad business (May 5, 1873); efforts of C.T. Smith to get Wickham elected (August 19, 1883); two congratulatory letters on the recent election of Wickham to the Virginia Senate from B. Johnson Barbour and John T. Harris (November 19, 1883); and a request for a donation towards a University of Virginia chapel from Schele de Vere (November 21, 1883).","The diary begins with an entry about the secession of South Carolina from the Union and continues with entries about the evacuation of Fort Moultrie and the removal of troops to Fort Sumter in South Carolina; each state that secedes from the Union is noted and mention made of the firing upon the steamer Star of the West at Charleston, South Carolina; Intermixed with news of the impending war are notes about building a henhouse, nests, the receipt of toys, and weather; his father [Williams Carter Wickham] as a candidate for the Virginia Secession Convention from Henrico (January 29, 1861); and ends with an entry for February 12, 1861.","The diary mentions the following topics: the loan of a sharps rifle from George W. Randolph, supposedly owned before by John Brown and presented to the 1st [Virginia?] Regiment at Harper's Ferry; a four mile drive on the Petersburg Road to \"Strawberry Hill\" owned by Robert Edmond;  Judge and Mrs. Robertson leaving for \"Mount Athos\" their place in the country near Lynchburg, Virginia; double guard on \"the mills\" [Gallego Mills?]; the arrival of 1,000 men from Tennessee who went to the old fairgrounds; a drill by the \"Richland Rifles\" at the South Carolina camp; occupation of Alexandria by President Lincoln's troops; news of a battle at Bethel Church between Yorktown and Hampton; the departure of 2,000 troops for Manassas on June 13th; a visit to Camp Lee; examination of the fortifications below the city with locations noted; note that business is very slow since the commencement of the war; the meeting with Mr. and Mrs. Macfarland and General Lee at Mr. Lyon's [home?]; birth of a daughter [Elise Warwick Barksdale Wickham (1861-1952)] on August 28, 1861; note that he spent the last month with the 16th Virginia Regiment as Quartermaster at \"Camp Withers\" six miles from Norfolk; his orders to transfer to Colonel L. Smith's office as paymaster, September 13, 1861; and the death of cousin Fanny Townes, September 20, 1861.","Subjects include: lists of books purchased from Peter Cotton (October 20, 1816-January 27, 1817 and September 22, 1817); purchases of quills, paper, ink, chessmen, etc. (October 15, 1817); hires of enslaved laborers (January 25 and 27, 1817 and February 21, 1817); and a bill of sale for enslaved laborers (September 17, 1817).","Subjects include: medical care for enslaved laborers from Dr. W.P. Jones (January 12, February 24 and 26, March 24, and June 24, 1818); a hire of an enslaved laborer (April 2, 1819); and a bill of sale for two male enslaved men (January 19, 1820).","Subjects include: the return of a little boy, Joe Lewis, and little girl, Lucy, the property of William F. Wickham (September 28, 1821); payment to overseer William Lizer on \"South Wales\" plantation (January 26, 1821); and purchase of paper, ink, and books (July 7, 1821).","Subjects include: the hire of an enslaved girl, Jenny (January 11, 1823).","Subjects include: hiring of Nathaniel B. Priddy as overseer (1834-1835; 1837-1838, 1840); and a list of books and magazines, quills, pencils, and paper purchased (1836-1838).","Subjects include: hiring of Samuel Bumpass as overseer (1842); the sale of an enslaved boy, Washington (January 6, 1843); hiring of Nathaniel B. Priddy as overseer (1843); sale of the enslaved woman, Nancy Wylde, and her two youngest children (May 23, 1843); and the sale of an enslaved man, Ned Davis (June 27, 1843).","Subjects include: lists of books and writing supplies purchased (July 20, 1846; March 22 and April 16, 1847).","Subjects include: lists of books and writing supplies purchased (February 1848; July 14, 1848; and October 4, 1849).","Subjects include: lists of books purchased (January and November 1850); memoranda book containing the names of enslaved laborers (May 12, 1850); and the hire of enslaved men, Giles, Frank, and John from J.H. Wickham (1851).","Subjects include: list of taxable property for William F. Wickham in 1853, includes 96 enslaved laborers over 16 years old and 116 enslaved laborers over twelve years old.","Subjects include: partners listed for Warwick and Barksdale at the \"Gallego Mills\" following the death of William J. Barksdale (February 15 and July 2, 1860).","Subjects include: theft of stock certificates, bank book, and checks from Williams Carter at the \"North Wales\" plantation during a Yankee raid (May 31, 1864); copy of the last will and testament of Williams Carter with a codicil dated July 30, 1864, freeing his two enslaved women, Margaret and Sally, with any offspring that they have as soon as peace shall be established in the country (July 17, 1864); an enslaved mulatto girl named Sally was lent to Anne Butler Berkeley by Williams Carter (August 10, 1864); indenture concerning the former plantations and property of Williams Carter, Sr. including \"North Wales\" and \"Broad Neck\" (May 16, 1867); and payroll lists (April 1, 1868).","Subjects include: receipts for work in the coal banks, Clifton, West Virginia (1873).","Subjects include: a valuation of personal property at \"North Wales\" plantation; valuation of real estate of Mr. [Abraham] Warwick made by commissioners, including factories, blacksmith shop, houses, lots, and a Brookfield farm; and a list of the names of enslaved laborers, with their evaluations.","These three oversize items include an indenture between Betty Littlepage and Charles Carter of Corotoman (May 5, 1768); a deed of trust from Carter B. Page and Rebecca Page to Thomas Taylor and Benjamin Harrison (June 17, 1817); and an indenture concerning Catherine Page, \"Broad Neck\" and Williams Carter (March 11, 1822).","The oversize deeds and indentures include those signed by Carter B. and Rebecca Page and Thomas Taylor (June 7, 1817); an indenture between John Wickham, Edward Carrington, Daniel Call, and Littleton Waller Tazewell (March 17, 1800); an indenture between Harry and Anna Terrell and Charles Carter (October 7, 1769); an indenture between James Littlepage and Joel Terrell (April 23, 1751); an indenture between John Littlepage and John Carter (March 2, 1735); and a bill of sale for two male enslaved men, Billy and Cyrus (January 15, 1820).","These include a list with the heading \"A List of My Slaves, such as I wish to keep, such as I may wish to sell and may wish to send to the West\" with names, ages, special skills or jobs, and their evaluations on the \"Rocky Mills\" and \"South Wales\" plantations belonging to Edmund Fanning Wickham in 1835; an account of the sale of land and enslaved laborers at \"Rocky Mills\" in November 1842 with the name of the purchaser, name of the enslaved laborer and the prices; a list of enslaved laborers treated by Dr. J.P. Harrison (April 24, 1844; July 1845; July 1848); list of William F. Wickham's enslaved laborers by age category (1843); the evaluation of an enslaved man, Tom Christian and his entire family (December 22, 1846); a list of named enslaved laborers with their ages belonging to the estate of Dr. James McClurg, Hanover County, Virginia, with evalutions by W. O. Winston (January 18, 1852); a list of 209 named enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] (January 1854); a list of 269 named enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] (January 1859); a list of enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] who were either carried off the plantation by Yankee forces or left of their own accord during the Civil War (1862-1864); and one list of enslaved men between the ages of 18 and 55 with the notation that two are in Confederate service, 14 remain on the plantation and 33 have left and gone to the enemy (January 31, 1865) and another list of enslaved laborers that went to the enemy by year, 120 in all [1865].","These six oversize items include four land grant certificates to Edmund F. Wickham and Edwin P. Crenshaw; a London Medical Society membership certificate for Dr. James Maclurg (1784); a letter from Lucy Nelson (1835).","The oversize plats include one for \"North Wales\" plantation belonging to Charles Carter, October 4, 1779; a plat of \"South Wales\" and Lane plantations, Hanover County, according to the division of January 1818, but updated on May 21, 1858; a plat showing the part of \"South Wales\" plantation allotted to Anne B. Carter, the purchase of land by W.F. Wickham from Thomas Carter, and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation purchased by W.F. Wickham from the estate of George W. Smith, November 27, 1825; plat of \"Verdon\" Hanover County, Virginia, belonging to the estate of John T. Anderson (December 1, 1865); and an undated plat showing parcels of land west of the Missouri River, apparently belonging to Thomas Gorham and a Wickham family member, 4 items.","These six oversize items include a survey of the Broad Neck or Big Neck tract for Thomas C. Nelson (September 8, 1818); survey of the Lane tract, part of the South Wales Estate (January 1818); plat of the Lane tract, South Wales and Hickory Hill (January 1818); fields laid off and numbered from a survey of W.F. Wickham's river fields (February 16, 1837); surveys no. 137 and no. 146 in Saline County, Missouri for Edmund F. Wickham (1841); diagram of land plots to the west of the Missouri River and the 5th principal meridian, presumably in Missouri [1841-1842?].","This material includes a recollection of George Wythe by William F. Wickham (1874); and the first recollection of General Robert E. Lee by Anne Carter Wickham Renshaw Byerly, written in a letter to her brother Henry (undated); biographical sketches of Captain William C. Wickham, U.S. Navy (April 19, 1962 and September 1985), John Wickham (undated), and General Williams Carter Wickham (undated); and history of \"Hickory Hill\" (undated).","Families discussed include Fanning, Leiper, Martian, Peyton, Pye, Tabb and Barksdale, Taylor, Warwick, and Wingfield.","This includes a report of [3rd (Wickham's) Virginia Cavalry Brigade] near Front Royal, Virginia (August 23, 1864).","This folder includes such items as the weather at Hickory Hill (1857); a prayer of Bishop Meade (1861); printed advertisement for a catalog of attorneys (1875); damaged circular from a Rochester nursery (1882); a horse pedigree (undated); and \"Notes on Planting Box at Williamsburg\" by Arthur A. Shurcliff (undated).","These include Wickham's notes concerning the \"Home Reminiscences of John Randolph, of Roanoke\" by Powhatan Bouldin, the benefits of lime and marl, and W.W. Mac Farland's address.","These include [Julia L. Wickham], \"Peliso\" Orange, Virginia, gardens in Rome, [Hickory Hill], Captain Williams C. Wickham, U.S. Navy, and an unidentified boy taken by Tyson and Perry, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Wickham family","Wickham, John, 1763-1839","Wickham, William Fanning , 1793-1880","Wickham, Lucy Taylor, 1830-1913","Wickham, Williams Carter, 1820-1888","Wickham, Henry Taylor"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"famname_ssim":["Wickham family"],"persname_ssim":["Wickham, John, 1763-1839","Wickham, William Fanning , 1793-1880","Wickham, Lucy Taylor, 1830-1913","Wickham, Williams Carter, 1820-1888","Wickham, Henry Taylor"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":223,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_294","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_294","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_294","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_294","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_294.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120871","title_filing_ssi":"Wickham family papers","title_ssm":["Wickham family papers"],"title_tesim":["Wickham family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1704-circa 1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1704-circa 1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 15753","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/294"],"text":["MSS 15753","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/294","Wickham family papers","Hickory Hill (Hanover County, Virginia)","Virginia -- History -- 19th Century","Plantation life -- Virginia","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","Slaves -- Virginia -- Hanover County","The collection is arranged in four series, Series 1: Business correspondence arranged chronologically (Boxes 1-5). Several business correspondents warranted individual folders based on either the amount of material or the importance of the correspondent. Series 2: Correspondence of John Wickham, arranged alphabetically by the last name of the chief correspondent (Box 5); Series 3: Correspondence of the Wickham and related families, arranged by the last name of the main correspondent (Boxes 6-15); Series 4: Financial and Legal Papers and Miscellany (Boxes 16-19), all arranged in chronological order.","This collection chiefly concerns the Wickham family of Richmond, Virginia and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation in Hanover County, Virginia, including the families of John Wickham (1763-1839), his son, William Fanning Wickham (1793-1880), grandson, Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), and great-grandson, Henry Taylor Wickham (1849-1943). When other relatives and friends appear in the folder listing, their birth and death dates and relationships are noted if known. The family owned enslaved persons and lists them by age. ","Attorney John Wickham married twice and had two lines of descent. His first wife was Mary Smith Fanning (1775-1799) by whom he had two sons, William Fanning Wickham of \"Hickory Hills,\" married to Anne Butler Carter (1797-1868), and Edmund Fanning Wickham of \"Rocky Mount\" (1796-1843), married to Anne's sister, Lucy Carter (1799-1835). ","After the death of his first wife, John Wickham married Elizabeth Seldon McClurg and had several more children. Some of these children are also represented in these papers.","Anne Carter Wickham (1851-1939), the daughter of Williams Carter Wickham and Lucy Penn Taylor Wickham, married Robert H. Renshaw (1833-1910) in 1881 and they had four children. In 1920, Anne Renshaw married Dr. W.E. Byerly and lived in Massachusetts.","Lucy Carter Wickham Byrd was the daughter of Edmund Fanning Wickham (1796-1834) and Lucy Carter (1799-1835) and the wife of George Harrison Byrd (1827-1910).","Apparently the spelling of his name varies slightly from his mother's family name, Maclurg versus McClurg, but the use here reflects the spelling on his grave stone.","The Howard School opened in 1831 and continued until 1834 with two teachers, the Reverend Jonathan Loring Woart (1807-1838) and his brother, the Reverend John Woart. The Episcopal High School opened in 1839 on the former Howard School location. There are also letters from the Reverend Jonathan Loring Woart (1807-1838) to William F. Wickham, including progress reports on the two boys, among this correspondence.","Added fa to VH 7 Dec. 2017.","The original letter has been transferred to the Henry Clay Papers.","Originals of these letters transferred to the John Randolph of Roanoke papers.","The originals of all three Wirt letters have been transferred to the Autographs collection.","The original of the Robert E. Lee letter has been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers.","The  original of the Lee letter  has been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers.","The original of letters to Robert E. Lee have been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers, the originals of the letters from Henry Clay transferred to the Henry Clay papers and those from John Singleton Mosby were transferred to the John Singleton Mosby papers.","The originals of Lee letters were transferred to Robert E. Lee papers.","The Wickham family papers (1704-1950; 9.5 cubic feet) consist of papers of Richmond, Virginia and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation in Hanover County, Virginia, including the families of John Wickham (1763-1839), his son, William Fanning Wickham (1793-1880), grandson, Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), and great-grandson, Henry Taylor Wickham (1849-1943). ","The collection contains business correspondence, chiefly concerning legal and agricultural pursuits; family correspondence with immediate and extended relatives; personal correspondence from friends and political associates; two brief diaries discussing the secession and the beginning of the Civil War; financial and legal papers, including lists of books purchased, hires of enslaved laborers, the purchase of enslaved laborers, medical care for enslaved laborers, losses from invading soldiers during the Civil War, estate values, including those of enslaved laborers, indentures, deeds, receipts, plats and surveys, and lists of enslaved laborers by name and age; genealogies and genealogical charts; invitations and calling cards; military papers of General Williams Carter Wickham in the Civil War and Captain Williams Carter Wickham, U.S. Navy; news clippings; some notes and manuscripts of William F. Wickham; a few photographs and snapshots; poetry; hand-written recipes; school papers; and sympathy and greeting cards. ","There is also a hand drawn map of Hickory Hill plantation, the Wickham family estate which may have been drawn by a descendant of an enslaved laborer. It shows a diagram of \"Mammy's House\" and surrounding buildings that were revisited in the 1980's. The pages following the illustration name African Americans who were still living and working at Hickory Hill estate in the early 1900's. Mentioned are the families of John Robinson, Albert Cash,  Henry Toliver, Edith Jackson, Matt Foley, Maria Tucker, Ruben Lewis,Landonia Lewis, ALec Hewlett, Louisa and Albert Jackson, Henry Abrams, Betty Jackson, John Abram and Roselyn, Milton Hewlett, and Virginia Shelton.","Topics include the Civil War, the relationships between family members in both the North and the South, and attitudes toward secession; many aspects of enslavement, often naming the enslaved laborers involved; Virginia and national politics; the practice of agriculture in Virginia; the education of the children of Virginia planters, including attendance at the Howard School, Episcopal High School, Washington College and the University of Virginia; military service of General Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), Captain William Carter Wickham (1887-1985), and other Wickham relatives.  ","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include:, John Slidell and Co., Thomas C. Keaton, William Lyne, W.P. Mason, W.T. Nivison, William B. Page, Philip Rogers, Thomas Rotch, Penn T. Sale, John M. Shepherd, Peter F. Smith, Thomas Strode, William Sullivan, Thomas Swann, Richard Wallack, Ralph Wingfield, Alice B. Winston, and Zach Vowels","Correspondents, chiefly with Edmund F. Wickham, include: Williams Carter (1819), Archibald Gracie and Robert Gracie (1821), and multiple correspondents in 1822: Curwen and Hagarty, Samuel John Dunlop, King and Gracie, Samuel Lambert, and Robert Hughes and Co.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: James Dunlop, Ninian Edwards, John Ferguson, C.B. Fleet, William Fleet, Robert Gracie, Francis Gregg, James Hagarty, George E. Harrison, James Henderson, L. Jones, T. Jones, and Robert King.","Letters involving enslavement or enslaved laborers include one from L. Jones, asking for protection for \"old Billy\" and mentioning other issues concerning the welfare of enslaved laborers, January 2, 1823, and another letter from Ninian Edwards discussing the possible purchase of a female enslaved laborer for the wife of Dr. Harvey Lane, January 13, 1823.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Henry Arnall, Curwen and Hagarty, [J.] Dunlop, Ninian Edwards, C.B. Fleet, John G. Gamble, Robert G. Harper, George E. Harrison, Jones and Rodes, Hardage Lane, C.C. Lee, Lewis and Tomes, George Marx, John Morgan, and Charles Morris.","Letters involving enslavement include the inquiry by Robert G. Harper, May 5, 182[3], for information about the \"present condition, conduct, and prospects\" of some manumitted enslaved laborers formerly belonging to Samuel Gist who were freed in his will. He also asks for  the name and address of some respectable and intelligent person in the area where the freed formerly enslaved laborers now live who can send a report to Gist's relatives.","Correspondents, chiefly Edmund F. Wickham and William F. Wickham, include: Curwen and Hagarty, James Dunlop, John Dunlop, William Logan Fisher, William Fleet, George Greenhow, George E. Harrison, B.B. Keesee, Robert King, Thomas Kelly, Hardage Lane, Lewis and Tomes, Charles F. Logan, William Lyne, and  Robert and John Oliver. One letter mentions a runaway enslaved man, named Joe, December 18, 1823.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: David Barclay, John H. Blair, Carter Braxton, William Burns, William L. Dance, S.W. Dandridge, Aaron Denman, Robert Douthat, Ninian Edwards, William Fleet, Gillingham and Randolphs (G.F. and E. Randolph), James Hagerty, George E. Harrison, John Hopkins, and Thomas and John G. Riddle.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Richard Anderson, John Balfour, Thomas and John S. Biddle, Carter Braxton, William Burns, Hugh Campbell, Robert Douthat, and Gillingham and Randolphs (G.F. and E. Randolph).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Carter Berkeley, Carter Braxton, Roger Mallory, Thomas Nelson, and William F. Wickham to Thomas B. Coleman. Roger Mallory, the jailor in Petersburg, Virginia, writes concerning a runaway enslaved man named Jim who finally admitted he belonged to William F. Wickham. Jim had originally claimed to belong to Price Sharpe who was charged with permitting him to \"go at large contrary to law,\" and hire himself out, March 19, 1827.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: G.H. Bacchus, Thomas T. Bouldin, Thomas B. Coleman, M. Huelin,  Benjamin Whitehead Ladd, W.H. McFarland, William Nelson, John W. Payne, William G. Pendleton, M.E.M. Roane, and A.B. Spooner. Topics include the reception of freed former enslaved laborers in Ohio (Benjamin W. Ladd, March 4, 1830); and the [Samuel?] Gist estate (John M. Payne, April 22, 1830).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Patrick Nesbett Edgar, John Exall, Chapman Johnson, Thomas N. Lee, John Ponsonby Martin, William Nelson, Severn E. Parker, A. Robinson, Jr., William Rowlett, J.S. Skinner, Benjamin Temple, Robert Temple, Thomas Biddle and Company, and John R. Triplett. Topics include: blue wheat (Benjamin and Robert Temple, July 4, 1830 and August 4, 1830); American turf and racing magazine (August 3, 1830; September 1, 1830; October 19, 1830); and a collection of pedigrees for an American Stud Book (October 13, 1830).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: J.D. Andrews, John Corbin, Alfred V. Crenshaw, Crouches and Snead, Gracie and Company, James Gray, Richard B. Haxall, William Hilberg, James Lyle, and Francis Page. Topics include problems with a horse purchased from Wickham (November 15, 1838), the safe arrival of the Andrews family in Houston, Texas (January 28, 1839), and the sending of an enslaved man named Jefferson to fetch two mules from Wickham (April 22, 1839).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Beers and Poindexter, Robert M. Candlish, John S. Corbin, Robert Ellett, William Linton, A.T.B. Merritt, Nathaniel Nelson, J.W. Pegram, W. Richardson, Thomas Samson, John Shore, John N. Tazewell, James G. Watson, and William L. White. Topics include mention of the horse \"Priam\" at Merritt's Hicks Ford stud in Virginia and the failure of Wickham's Eclipse mare to foal last spring (May 11, 1842); the dire condition of the [enslaved man?] old Bob Clark and his family on the land of Nathanael Nelson and attempts to provide for their care (June 15 and July 11, 1842); and a discussion of improvements to Wickham's bevel wheel (July 11, 1842) by Thomas Samson of D.J. Burr and Company.","Correspondents include: John S. Corbin, Nathanael Cross, William Dorbaker, Thomas Ellis and Charles Ellis, Robert G. Gilman, J.H. Martin, [S.H.] Parker, James L. Pendleton, James A. Seddon, Jane J. Swann, George Taylor, John N. Tazewell, William L. White, and John Wight. Topics include lumber needed for a penitentiary and a possible list of enslaved laborers written in pencil on an address portion of the letter (October 10, 1842).","Correspondents include: Warwick Barksdale, John Barr, Samuel Cottrell, Richard Gwathmey, John Struthers and Son, Lucius Minor, William Nelson, Lucien B. Price, Richard Randolph, Edmund Ruffin, William D. Taylor, John N. Tazewell, Philip B. Winston, and Richard M. Young (General Land Office). Topics include the sale of two enslaved women (January 29, 1845).","Correspondents include: Warwick Barksdale, Wellington Goddin, Phineas Janney, C.C. Lee, Thomas Nelson, Bernard Peyton, [Lucien] B. Price, John T. Rogers, Edmund Ruffin, Robert Taylor, J.R. Underwood, William F. Watson, Joseph Wingfield, and Philip B. Winston. Topics include a description of damage to the property of Joseph Wingfield by the breakage of the mill dam of Wickham (March 12, 1848).","Correspondents include: John Gibson, G.W. Goode, Richard Gwathmey, Benjamin F. Larned (1794-1862), William Leigh, Thomas Nelson, John E. Page, James A. Seddon, Alexander H.H. Stuart, William F. Watson, Hugh A. Watt, W.C. Wickham (to James M. Ford), Edmund Winston, and William Overton Winston. Topics include the shipment of some prairie birds and directions for their care (December 23, 1849); lists of enslaved laborers for hire, including \"old Fanny,\" Nancy and her three children, and Betsy (January 1, 1850); request for information about the amount due on account of the division of the \"Negroes\" or enslaved laborers (March 5, 1850); William F. Wickham as the guardian of the minor heirs of Robert C. Wickham (April 20, 1850); the offer of the use of a Southdown buck for sheep breeding (July 12, 1850); the increase of visitors to the mountains of Virginia, especially at White Sulphur Springs, the Warm Springs, and the Hot Springs (August 5, 1850); the purchase of stained glass (November 19 and 23, 1850); the return of an enslaved woman who was a wet nurse, \"Mamma Betsy\" hired the year before for his little boy (July 28, 1849; November 5, 1850); and an opinion about Jenny Lind (December 20, 1850).","Correspondents include: Alexander Hew, John F. Lay, [Laudonier] J. Randolph; Robert L. Randolph, Allen P. Richardson, William Sayre, William F. Wickham, and Thomas Wight. \nTopics include the redemption of land in Saline County, Missouri (September 13, 1853) and the settlement with McClurg Wickham, Littleton Waller Tazewell Wickham, and John Wickham concerning a loan from John Henry Wickham to them on August 11, 1851 (May 28, 1858).","Correspondents include: J.A. Allen, David Anderson, Jr., A.W. Ball, Ann B. Berkeley, the Reverend P.F. Berkeley, George H. Byrd (Wyman, Byrd and Co. Commission Merchants), [Magrat] Davis, R.B. Davis, Robert Johnston, J.H. Montague, H.C. Parsons, James H. Storrs, John R. Taylor, James Usher, and William F. Wickham (drafts to Ann B. Berkeley, the Reverend P.F. Berkeley, and B.W. Green). \nTopics include: the question in the legislature concerning the payment of legacies given in Confederate money between 1862-1865 (March 10, 1866); difficulties in settling court cases in West Virginia following the Civil War (November 16, 1866); a request from a woman for legal help in keeping her inheritance in her name and under her control rather than her husband's as her current lawyer advised (April 25, 1867); and reports on the \"North Wales\" farm (May 20, 27, and 31, 1870).","Correspondents include: James L. Apperson, W.W. Baldwin, Lewis D. Crenshaw, Jr., Isaac Davis, L.R. Dickinson, Maynard Dyson,  James S. Earle and Sons, George William Gibson, Charles Herndon, J.M. Hill, I.M. Parr and Son (Commission Merchants), J. Sabin and Sons (Booksellers, Printsellers and Importers), Walter C. Jones, A.C. Loomis, J.H. Montague, Henry Parry, G. Peyton, Joseph T. Priddy, R.H. Maury and Co. (Stock and Exchange Brokers), J.W. Ratcliffe, C.T. Smith, E.D. Starke, A.T. Stewart, W.T. Tinsley, H. Wernich, William F. Wickham (draft to L. Upshur Evans), and Wright and Co., Rio de Janeiro. \nTopics include: the sale of property in Richmond, Virginia, of a former brewery belonging to the estate of David G. Yuengling, Jr. along the James River called the \"James River Steam Brewery\" (August 16, 1879).","Correspondents include: George B. Butler, Alexander Kaslovistsh, and John Watkins.","Alvis discusses the farm operations of the East Tuckahoe Plantation.","The company sends sketches and discusses the replacement of the mantle damaged in the house fire at Hickory Hill.","Discusses the oak tobacco boxes supplied by Edmund F. Wickham from \"Rocky Mills\" plantation.","Correspondence is chiefly with William F. Wickham and Williams Carter Wickham. Topics include concern about the \"military bill\" in the South as a way for Congress to get at the landed property there (March 4, 1867); Wickham's fondness for memoirs and other mentions of reading (December 17, 1868; May 30, 1873; June 15 and 20, 1875; February 11, 1876; May 4, 1877; July 2, 1880); and the offer of building supplies currently at \"Broad Neck\" in order to rebuild the house at \"Hickory Hill\" after a fire (February 16, 1875).","Correspondence is chiefly with William F. Wickham and Williams Carter Wickham. Topics include the financial affairs of their cousin Georgina L. Featherstonhaugh (September 24 and October 28, 1879).","Topics include Carter's impressions of Bristol College, Bucks County, Pennsylvania (October 18, 1834); complaints about the western states and their impact upon agricultural prices and politics, mentioning James Buchanan by name (July 17, 1846); suggestion that the enslaved laborers belonging to their nephews, Robert and John Wickham, be sold to pay the debt of their education (June 18, 1847); mention of a violent snowstorm that occurred just after he had returned home on a gunboat following a period of being nursed by his sister at \"Hickory Hill\" (November 8, 1862); and the death of Julia Wickham (July 16, 1873).","Correspondents include C.P. Huntington (President), Henry Taylor Wickham, and Williams C. Wickham and J.S.F. Smith (Paint Creek Depot) concerning the opening of the coal mines on the land purchased from the Hansford heirs and the employment of miners in Kanawha County, West Virginia.","Correspondents include C.P. Huntington (President), Henry Taylor Wickham, and Williams C. Wickham and J.S.F. Smith (Paint Creek Depot) concerning the opening of the coal mines on the land purchased from the Hansford heirs and the employment of miners in Kanawha County, West Virginia.","Letters concern lands held by Reuben Jenkins and John Henry Wickham in Saline County, Missouri.","Letters discuss matters concerning the Louisa Railroad, which was chartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1836, and renamed the Virginia Central Railroad in 1850, with Fontaine as its longtime president.","Correspondence is concerned with securing payment on the accounts of John Wickham and Littleton W. T. Wickham, brothers of William F. Wickham by an immediate sale of livestock and agricultural goods.","Mentions the illness of President Monroe and his own wife, Eliza Kortright Monroe Hay, the daughter of Monroe (August 4, 1823) and expresses disparaging remarks concerning a Yankee business associate (October 19, 1823).","Topics include a request to help in the administration of the estate of Dr. McClurg (March 2, 1839); fears about the possible death of his son, Thomas, in [Mississippi?] (June 22, 1839); instructions about the purchase of summer clothing for the enslaved laborers by Alvis (April 21, 1840); mention that there are 70 enslaved laborerss associated with the \"Rocky Mills\" plantation of Edmund Wickham and 40 additional enslaved laborers associated with his father's [John Wickham] estate (July 28, 1842). Much of the correspondence in general deals with the settling of the estate of John Wickham (1763-1839).","Discusses arrangements for the support of Mr. Harrison's children and his disappointment with Dr. Selden.","Letter of introduction from Henry Clay for Mr. Bainbridge of Kentucky to John Wickham.","Kerr requests copies of any ordinances or laws concerning lands either given or planned to be given by the state of Virginia to the officers and soldiers who served in either the Continental Army or the Virginia state militia for use in the United States Court in Ohio.","Discusses the best way to secure the claim of Dr. McClurg for surgeon pay during his service in the Continental Army, keeping in mind that the United States will soon find a use for surplus money and mentions Henry Clay as doing a great deal of good [in Congress?].","Recommends that they make sure that Dr. [James] McClurg's will is recorded in Kentucky.","Notifies Wickham that he has located among his scorched papers enough information to send him a transcript of all he knows or remembers about the bonds of Mr. Balfour and invites him to visit Studley, Virginia.","Mentions the health concerns of family members and friends in Baltimore, Maryland.","Describes the worsening physical condition of Walter [Maclurg Wickham?]  in Baltimore, Maryland.","Notifies Wickham about the death of Walter [Maclurg Wickham?] in Baltimore, Maryland.","Requests Wickham provide the wording to a decree that would enable a sale of his property in Richmond, Virginia, to proceed since his power of attorney, Mr. Botts, was unable to perform his duties.","One letter, March 24, 1820, incomplete, last page only, John Randolph of Roanoke writes concerning Stephen Decatur's death. In a second letter, April 1, 1820,   part of the letter and autograph signature excised, John Randolph of Roanoke thanks Wickham for his indulgence and civility in the matter of his father's estate and mentions [Littleton Waller] Tazewell's move to Norfolk.,","Topics include: request for advice on a business proposition concerning property offered by Mr. Page as security for the payment of Tazewell's stock (July 4 and 9, 1819); Tazewell's current ill health (November 26, 1819); criticism of President John Quincy Adams and a description of a duel between Henry Clay and John Randolph of Roanoke (April 8, 1826); and damages suffered during a hurricane (October 14, 1838).","Letters concerns legal work performed by Wickham for Richardson.","Expresses concern over several outbreaks of cholera among citizens and enslaved laborers on the plantation.","Writes from White Sulphur Springs about the convalescence of Susan [Decatur Wickham (1819 -1831)].","John Wickham addresses business matters in his absence on a trip to Philadelphia, sending four letters from stops in Washington, Baltimore, New York and Philadelphia.","He discusses the prospects for the wheat crop, the demand for flour in [American] towns and South America, and reports on his conversations with Mr. Haxall about pricing if the crop is delivered early (May through August 1830) and the last letter mentions their pleasant stay at the Sulphur Springs and Sweet Springs and the journey home, the drought in Kentucky and Ohio, and \"this new explosion in France\" (September 24, 1830).","Wickham writes to his son William F. Wickham with concerns about his wheat crop, a notification of an outbreak of disease at Howard School for boys from Jonathan Loring Woart, and the preoccupation of the Virginia General Assembly over internal improvements (January 29 and May 30, 1834); the design of a mill powered by water (February 21, 1834); discussions about the Bank of Virginia and the elections (April 17 and 21, 1834); discussions about possible schools for their boys and rumors of a duel in Washington (September 28, 1834); discusses the President's message (December 7, 1834); an enslaved laborer, sick with cholera, who was believed to be dead several times, appears to be recovering partly due to work of Dr. McCaw (December 18, 1834); and politics in Washington (December 24, 1834).","Wickham writes to his son William F. Wickham with concerns about his wheat crop (July 6, 1837) and to his sons at the University of Virginia, George and Littleton W.T. Wickham with advice about their studies, especially geology and the study of soils, and their visit to the Natural Bridge (May 15, 1837).","The letters written during a trip to New England by William F. Wickham and Anne Wickham mention seeing the effects of a great drought all over the northeast, speculations about the wheat crop, poor corn crop of the current year, Littleton at the University of Virginia and George reporting for duty in Washington in the U.S. Navy (September 13, 17, and 25, 1838); news about the wheat market and John Wickham's health (November 20 and December 12, 1838); and news about the opening of the [James River and Kanawha Canal] and its advantages for Richmond, Virginia (December 20, 1838).","Wirt asks for Wickham's advice concerning the rights of the widow in the estate of John Ellis (December 21, 1815); in another letter, October 10, 1830, autograph signature excised, Wirt asks for his advice and support in the case of the Cherokee Nation versus the state of Georgia, argued by Wirt before the Supreme Court; and in a third undated letter, Wirt discusses a property case involving Colonel Byrd and Mr. Harrison of Berkeley and lots in Manchester and Richmond, Virginia.","Includes two letters mentioning visits by Yankees to Hickory Hill and the taking of her father as a prisoner (May 27, 1862; August 4, 1862); also includes a letter from Robert E. Lee to his cousin, Miss Annie Wickham [later Anne Carter Wickham Renshaw Byerly], Lee promises to stop by \"Hickory Hill\" to visit if at all possible on his way back to Lexington, autograph signature excised from the letter (May 23, 1870).","Letters through March 1883 are written from Port Oratava to Henry T. Wickham but in April 1883 the Renshaw's began their journey home, settling in New Market and then Boyce, Virginia, by the turn of the century; In 1906, Annie writes from the University of Virginia about Robert H. Renshaw's poor health which continues until his death in 1910.","These letters are chiefly undated, but she appears to continue her correspondence with her uncle after the death of her Aunt Anne in1868, chiefly written from New York.","Leigh mentions the death of Lizzie Wickham (February 27, 1862); General Johnston and his prospects in the Tennessee area (March 25, 1863); and the death of Mrs. Carter, probably Mary B. Randolph Carter (August 6, 1864).","One letter, September 16, 1836, described a duel between her brother James and John Chapman, which ended in reconciliation between the two men.","Contains one letter, August 17, 1863, concerning the Civil War, from Chattanooga, Tennessee, shortly before his death following his wounding and capture.","Topics include the preparation to leave for France with her husband, William Cabell Rives, appointed minister to France (June 26, 1829); and their return to Paris, France (August 2, 1851).","One letter, written from the Warm Springs Hospital, discusses Taylor's health problems and the recent Battle of Cheat Mountain (October 2, 1861).","Two letters are written from China, one from Chefoo [present day Yantai] and the second from Tsingtao, while her husband, Captain Williams C. Wickham (1887-1985) was serving in the U.S. Asiatic Fleet.","One letter from Williams Carter Wickham expresses his pleasure at her engagement to his son, Henry Taylor Wickham (August 26, 1885).","These letters are chiefly to her husband, Henry, while staying at the Homestead, Hot Springs, Virginia, (1911) and White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia (1913) for her health but two letters are to her son, Captain Williams Carter Wickham during his journey to join the Asiastic fleet (1924).","Early letters are chiefly from his grandparents, William F. and Anne Wickham, and the letters in 1864 are between Henry and his parents, Williams C. and Lucy Wickham","One letter mentions the death of his grandmother, Anne B. Carter Wickham (February 26, 1868); four letters were written as a University of Virginia student (October 17, 24, and 31, 1869; and May 8, 1870); and one letter from Henry to his son, Captain Williams C. Wickham, congratulating him on his engagement to Credilla Miller (October 2, 1911).","John Wickham writes concerning land in Franklin County, Missouri, belonging to the estate of John Wickham (July 11, 1850).","During the Civil War, Leigh Wickham received an appointment in the Confederate Quartermaster department at Memphis, Tennessee (September 13 and 19, and December 8, 1861); reports that the people of Mississippi were frightened of General Grant's army (December 23, 1862); and mentions the hanging of Colonel Lawrence Orton Williams as a Confederate spy by the Federals (June 14, 1863).","Correspondence includes one letter from Williams Carter Wickham while at the University of Virginia concerning the results of Professor Rogers' analysis of Edmund's specimens of marl (January 16, 1838).","Contains two letters from W.F. Wickham, Jr. as a student at the University of Virginia (December 19, 1848 and January 12, 1849).","Includes letters written as a student at the Episcopal High School of Virginia, Fairfax, Virginia (1874-1878) and the University of Virginia (1878-1883).","While his father is away in New York and Boston, Williams Carter Wickham sends reports on the activities and condition of the plantation, including illness and death among the enslaved laborers (September 7, 1845; September 15, 1848). Williams Carter Wickham writes with further reports to his father hoping to catch him still at Bowling Green (August 30, 1849); and Williams describes a trip with his wife Lucy to New York and on to Quebec (August 27, 1855).","This folder contains references to the participation of Williams Carter Wickham in the First Battle of Bull Run (July 24, 1861, and August 1861); rumors of possible attacks on Arlington and Alexandria and Norfolk (September 2, 1861); discussion about the ramifications of the seizure of James Murray Mason and John Slidell on board the RMS Trent by Union Captain Charles Wilkes (December 8, 1861); and W. Leigh Wickham's commission as assistant quartermaster with rank of captain (December 20, 1861). During the recent visit of William F. Wickham with General Robert E. Lee, Lee reported on the sufferings of the army in the west [1861].","Williams Carter Wickham shares his weariness of the war and announces himself as a candidate for Congress (May 15, 1863); William F. Wickham voices his concern over scarcity of food in Richmond and near Charlottesville to Lucy Penn Taylor Wickham (January 19, 1864); and William F. Wickham fears that Lee cannot maintain communications to the south and wishes he had nothing more to do with land or enslaved laborers if only his son were home in peace (June 28, [1864]).","This folder contains references to the participation of Williams Carter Wickham in the First Battle of Bull Run (July 22-23, 27, and 31, 1861).","Wickham is in Cavalry Camp, 5th Brigade and attached to Colonel Cocke's Brigade and has a complete blacksmith shop and blacksmith fixed up with his company but requires clothes for his [enslaved?] personal attendant, Robin (September 1, 1861); Many letters discuss conditions of camp life for an officer in the Confederate forces and the efforts of family at home to supply the needs and wants of their own family members in the forces but also those of other soldiers, such as clothing. The letters also show a desire to establish a local hospital for the troops like the ones run by the ladies in Fredericksburg, Virginia (September 4, 1861); Wickham writes from his camp at Fairfax Courthouse about opportunities for drilling the troops, his resignation of his seat in the Convention and in the Virginia Senate, his increasing concerns over the conduct of the war in the last two months, and the injurious effect of the capture of Fort Hatteras in North Carolina to the South (September 6, 1861); news that his son, Henry T. Taylor, is intensely reading the novels of Sir Walter Scott to the detriment of his studies (September 26, 1861); clothing made by the ladies of the community shipped off to the troops (October 12, 1861); Wickham currently at Union Mills (October 22, 1861); the difficulties of Lizzie Fry in getting a permit to leave to go home (October 24, 1861); and Wickham's meeting with General [Jeb] Stuart with whom he is very pleased (October 27, 1861).","Wickham writes a very detailed letter about the detrimental effects of fighting the Civil War on their own home soil, his dinner with General Cocke, whose ardor for the war has cooled considerably, the wasting of their best resources in an unnatural strife, and the devastation wrought by both occupying armies (November 3, 1861); and mention of Colonel Robertson and General Stuart (November 7, 13, and 29, 1861). \nWriting from Camp Frontier after an absence of three days, he describes a plan for a force of  nine companies of cavalry and three regiments of infantry, all under General Stuart, to cut off an enemy encampment near Alexandria, but this was prevented by the arrival of more Federal forces in the area near Pohick Church and describes his activities as a member of the scouting party (November 13, 1861); furnishes a description of his strategy when in new territory (November 21, 1861); shares his belief that the Yankees will advance along the Evansport line, chiefly by water, but with a land force on the telegraph road, otherwise believes that they will go into winter quarters (November 24, 1861); and repeats a report from Mr. Porcher [of South Carolina?] that some of the coloured people had been shot by the Confederates and that some of the people offered to work on the entrenchments for the Yankees for pay (November 28, 1861). \nWickham is still waiting for word on any advancement against the enemy and a describes the Federal forces arrayed against Virginia (December 4, 1861); Wickham shares his wish to command a full regiment of cavalry if he cannot have his first  preference to be at home with Lucy, his shock at hearing about the death of Mr. [Cooke?] and his efforts to secure a furlough for Church to go home for the funeral (December 14, 1861).","Wickham writes about the following topics, a story about Lt. Colonel Thomas L. Kane, commander of the Bucktail Rifles of Northern Pennsylvania and a relative (January 2, 1862); General Johnston likes Wickham's bill for the better organization of the army (January 8, 1862); Wickham's [enslaved?], attendant, Robin, has built a wonderful shelter for the horses in their winter camp (January 8, 1862); Wickham's return to Camp Ewell after his furlough (January 29, 1862); his disapproval of the bill in the Senate concerning the Virginia forces (February 4, 1862); and his concerns over the reorganization of his regiment (February 15, 1862).","Topics include the alarm of the people in the area north of the Rappahannock where people are abandoning their homes and \"Negroes\" or enslaved laborers are going northward by the hundreds (March 14, 1862); bivouacking comfortably near Brandy Station (April 4, 1862); and reports that their new location is twelve miles below Williamsburg and five miles from Yorktown at \"Blows Mill\" and that they are short on provisions (April 18, 22 and 24, 1862).","Topics include writing from Sudley Mills describes recent events that have greatly reduced his regiment and prevented his communicating with his family, noting that with 200 men Wickham charged the 12th Pennsylvania Cavalry 800 strong, routing them and capturing a large number, mentioning that General Ewell has lost a leg [during the battle of Groveton] (August 30, 1862); currently near Frederick, Maryland (September 7, 1862); yesterday at Sharpsburg, Maryland, \"fought probably the most desperate battle of the war\" [Battle of Antietam], Wickham lost twenty  men killed, wounded or missing, W.H.F. Lee's horse fell with him, Lt. Colonel Thornton of the 3rd had his arm torn by a shell and died of shock, Hill Carter received two severe wounds at Boonsborough and was left in the hands of the enemy, very difficult to find anything to eat, as local people will not sell them anything, and Thomas L. Kane was just made a Brigadier General in the Union army (September 18 and 21, 1862).\nReports on his safe return from an expedition to Pennsylvania with 1800 men (October 14 and 19, 1862); details of the cavalry raid to collect horses from Mercersburg, Chambersburg, and Emmitsburg (October 19, 1862); troops destroying the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (October 21, 1862);  his participation recently in a serious battle with losses of 1500 killed or wounded [Battle of Fredericksburg], with the town of Fredericksburg totally devastated and mentions activities of Major General Ambrose Burnside (December 15 and 18, 1862).","Topics include the rejection of his resignation by the Secretary of War (January 15, 1863); staying with General Robert E. Lee at Culpeper Courthouse (March 1, 1863); discussion of the [Battle of Chancellorsville] (May 8, 1863 copy); spent the day with Lee who was in good spirits but without any hope of quick termination of the war and who would not allow his resignation, and General Jackson said to be dangerously ill with pleurisy (May 10, 1863); mentions the death of General Jackson and his fears for the safety of General Lee who he describes in appreciative terms (May 11, 1863); and describes his visit to General Lee's headquarters and assesses the results of recent battles (May 31, 1863).","Topics include Wickham's approval of the generals James Longstreet, A.P. Hill, and Richard S. Ewell (June 3, 1863); Lucy relates their losses during visits of the Yankees to \"Hickory Hill\" and \"North Wales\" plantations and the capture of Fitzhugh Lee out of his sick bed (July 25, 1863); Wickham writes from the headquarters of Wickham's Brigade, following his commission as Brigadier General (September 12, 1863); news of Julius Theodore Porcher being mortally wounded from members of the 10th South Carolina Regiment (December 1863); Lucy Wickham's visit with General Wickham near Charlottesville, Virginia (January 17, 21, 31, 1864); General Lee has issued the first order that has not received Wickham's admiration (February 8, 1864); and draft of a letter from Wickham to Captain J.E. Cook, describing his actions beginning on October 28, 1862 until November 3, 1862 (February 26, 1864).","Topics include accompanying General Robert E. Lee to the anniversary of the Young Men's Christian Association of Poney's Brigade to hear a talk on the character of General [Stonewall?] Jackson (March 29, 1864); description of the pillaging of \"Hickory Hill\" by the Yankees and their threatening Uncle Hill Carter (June 5, 1864, June 1864, August 1, 1864); mention of General Sheridan (July 25, 1864); description of the devastation in the area around Culpeper and mention of [Jubal] Early (August 12, 1864); and Wickham, while stationed in Winchester, Virginia, describing the broad valley just prior to the Battle of Winchester (September 5, 8, and 10, 1864).","Wickham attended the U.S. Naval Academy from 1904 until 1909 and most of the letters from this period were to his parents. There are also a few dating from his service aboard the U.S.S. Minnesota (1911) and the U.S.S. Smith (1913) addressed to them. Letters dated 1924 from Captain Wickham to his wife, Credilla Miller Wickham, were written while serving in the U.S. Asiastic Fleet aboard the U.S.S. Pillsbury when the navy summered at Chefoo [present day Yantai], China.","Correspondents include: J.S.B. Alleyne (resolutions concerning the death of Dr. William F. Wickham in 1851); John B. Baldwin; L.M. Baldwin; Nannie P. Ballard; A.P. Bankhead; B. Johnson Barbour, John L. Barbour; Greta du Pont Barksdale (1891-1965); Phoebe [Barksdale?]; Marianna Elizabeth Barksdale (1796-1856) and her husband, William Jones Barksdale (1794-1859); Ann B. Berkeley; Letitia Glenn Biddle (1864-1950); John Minor Botts (1802-1869); Mary G. Braxton; Mary Carter Brickner; G. Thompson Brown; Alfred H. Byrd; E.H. Byrd and L.C. Byrd.\nTopics include a very detailed letter from John Minor Botts to General Williams Carter Wickham about the Civil War, particularly the requested transfer of Colonel Charles H. Wager from the infantry service to the cavalry, rumors about General Lee evacuating Virginia, complaints about the press stimulating the prejudices of the people, and rumors of a proposal to arm enslaved laborers to help fight against the Northern forces (January 8, 1865).","Correspondents include: Ellen J. Cackie; J.R. Campbell (damaged postal card only); B.B. Claike; George Colton; A. Coolidge; O.A. Crenshaw; M.W.T. Cumberland; John B. Custis; Laura G. Custis; Raleigh T. Daniel; J.S. Davis; Enid Deem; Martha Lee Doughty \"To the Women of the Confederacy\" (undated); Fanny Duncan; Georgina L. Featherstonhaugh; and Mary J. Foster.\nTopics include: a discussion of several books read by Laura G. Custis of Boston (May 25, no year) and a description of the past few months the Custis family were forced to stay in Versailles, France, due to illness and the onset of the Franco-Prussian War (March 30, [1871]).","Correspondents include: Ellen Carter, Lizzie Carter, L.W. Carter, Mary Carter, and W[illiams?] Carter, Jr.\nTopics include: the concern of W[illiams] Carter, Jr. that his father make a will immediately so that the Confederacy will not get any of [his brother?] Charles' portion of the estate.  He writes emphatically \"I don't wish the South to get a cent – no country in the history of the world has so worked out its own destruction as the Southern portion of the U.S. America, and all Christendom will in history say, Amen – next to Sodom and Gomorrah\" (February 3, 1862); W[illiams?] Carter, Jr. also asks that the enslaved laborers on both the North Wales and South Wales plantations be sent to Charlotte or some safe place so they will not be sold like cattle, mentioning all of the Tom and Sarah Fox family, Ben Napper and family, the Tom Brown and Harry Brown families, and other enslaved laborers by first name only (March 1, 1862).","Correspondents include: A.W. Carter; Agnes M. Carter; Annie Carter; Betty Carter; E.H. Carter; Emily Carter; Fanny N. Carter; L.H. Carter, Louise Carter, Pauline Carter, Susan Roy Carter, Thomas B. Carter, Thomas H. Carter (1831-1908), and Williams Carter.\nTopics include: the death of Julia Wickham (Thomas H. Carter, July 19, 1873); an expression of hope that the nation will mend following the Civil War, saying \"my hatred for Davis is only equaled by that for Charles Sumner,\" and mention of balloon flights and France's position of strength in Europe (Thomas B. Carter, Paris, May 22, 1866).","Topics of note include two references to the Civil War, including the \"suffering northern soldiers\" and the sentiment \"the same God made us all\" (August 10, 1861); and a second letter about the Civil War concerning shelling of the area near Shirley along the river by northern gunboats and comments about [General John] Pope (August 28, 1862).","Topics include a condolence letter (July 12, 1873) concerning the death of Julia Leiper Wickham (1859-1873).","Correspondents include: Peter J. Chevallie to his wife, Elizabeth Gilliam Chevallie; Sarah Magee \"Sally\" Chevallie Warwick (1816-1846) to her mother, Elizabeth Green Gilliam Chevallie (1796-1865); Joseph Gallego to his nephew, Peter J. Chevallie;  Henry Chevallie to his sister, Mary G. Chevallie; and Abraham Warwick (1794-1874) to his daughter-in-law, Elise F. Warwick.","Correspondents include: Robert Gamble; S.P. Gregory; Gene and [George?] Griffin; A.G. Grinnan; Evelyn Hale; Hetty Cary Harrison; Ella Havisham; Jane R. Haxall; Rosalie Haxall; Eva Mary Anna Mason Heth (1836-1915); Mary Heywood (with a photograph of her on her 78th birthday);  E.[L.] Holmes; R.R. Howison; J. Johns, Jr.; S. Harvey Johnson; William T. Joyner; W.M. Justis; Bessie D. Kane; J.D.L. Kane; Sallie G. Kean; and Ethel Kilburn.\nTopics include the Civil War (Robert Gamble, June 19, 1863); reminiscences about the Civil War and General Stuart, and a discussion about genealogy (A.G. Grinnan, 1892-1893); family reading (R.R. Howison, January 30, 1878); discussion of Reuben Lindsay Walker (1827-1890), commander of the Third Corps artillery, and his opposition to the peace commission, known as the [Hampton Roads Conference] during the Civil War and political issues that will arise at the conclusion of the war (William T. Joyner, February 3, 1865); and the poor state of the Confederate army, due in part to desertions (William T. Joyner, February 25, 1865).","Correspondents include: Frances Wickham Graham; [Hartley] Graham; James Duncan Graham; Salva Graham; and William F. Wickham.\nTopics include chiefly family news but also some references to the work of James Duncan Graham as a member of the United States Engineer Corps (April 13, 1862; April 9, 1865; May 9, 1865); the condition of the South at the conclusion of the Civil War (June 2, 1865); and papers concerning the pension of James Duncan Graham (1867-1871).","Correspondents include: E.W. Hubard and J.L. Hubard.","Correspondents include: Robert B. Lancaster; Elizabeth W. Lay; R. Bruce Lockhart; A.C. Leigh; William Leigh; Ellen McCaw; Rose M. MacDonald; F. Mark; Captain G. [Marvel]; Dido Mason; E.K.N. Massie; Alice W. Meade; Susan W. Miller; Edgar Miller; F.B. Minor; Mary W. Minor;  and M.M. Morris. \nTopics include work on the book about old homes of Hanover (Robert B. Lancaster, January 8, 1984); the fire at Hickory Hill (Elizabeth W. Lay, February 17, 1875); and notification of an ankle injury of Captain W. Leigh Wickham in Chattanooga, Tennessee while serving as paymaster for the Confederate army (Edgar Miller, May 2, 1863).","Correspondents include: Agnes Lee, Annie C. Lee, Ann H. Lee, C.C. Lee; Mary Custis Lee; Richard Henry Lee (1794-1865) concerning the state literary fund and his proposed memoir of Richard A. Lee; Robert E. Lee, Jr. concerning the death of William F. Wickham (July 16, 1873); and William H.F. \"Rooney\"  Lee (1837-1891).","Correspondents include: Elizabeth B. Nicholas, concerning the fall of New Orleans to Federal forces (April 30, 1862); Helen N. Patterson; Lt. Colonel William H. Payne; Virginia Porcher; Lucy Carter Renshaw (1838-1965) concerning damages suffered by the \"Shirley\" plantation during the Civil War battles (July 4, 1862); Amelie Louise Rives Troubetzkoy (1863-1945); and M.C. Rives.","Correspondents include: Carrie P. Nelson; F. Nelson; F.P. Nelson; Jane E. Nelson; Jenny Nelson concerning the capture of Confederate George Washington \"Wash\" Nelson near Smithfield (November 6, 1863) and the raids of the Yankee soldiers in the neighborhood against the local residents (undated Civil War letter); Judith? Nelson; M.W. Nelson concerning the death of Lucy Carter Wickham (January 17, 1835); Mary C. Nelson; Robert Nelson on board the ship Oriental with his friend John Lewis [Points?] (August 29, 1851); Rose Nelson; Virginia L. Nelson; and W. Nelson.","Correspondents include: Anne Rose Page; Elizabeth Burwell Page; John Page; Judith Nelson Page; Leila Page; and Thomas Nelson Page concerning his book about Italy and his visit to England (January 9, 1920).","Correspondents include: George William Shelton; Amelie Louise Sigourney; M.M. Smith; Walter N. Sprinkel; A.M. Stearns; Alexander H.H. Stuart writes of his fear of the future, suggests that Williams Carter Wickham and himself travel to Washington on business to meet with some of the Yankee magnates and discuss ways to end the Civil War and expresses his sorrow over the sundering of the Union (January 23, 1865); Alta E. Stumpf concerning the awakening of Russia and its development (June 29, 1931); J.V. Swearingen; Louisa Nivison Tazewell (1804-1873) describing the death of her father, former Virginia governor, Littleton Waller Tazewell (1774-1860) in her letter (May 16, 1860); Fannie W. Toler; and C. Vanderbilt, Jr.","Correspondents include: Belle Taylor; Bertie Taylor; Edmund P. Taylor; Elizabeth Taylor; Henry Taylor; Henry Taylor, Jr., John Taylor; Julianna Dunlap Leiper Taylor (1801-1883); R.I. Taylor; and Susan W. Taylor.\nOne letter from Henry Taylor, Jr., July 31, 1877, includes a very detailed discussion about Professor Colonel Peters at the University of Virginia.","Correspondents include: Davy Wallace; S. Gardner Waller; Louisa Webb; C.E. Wellford; Mary T. Williams; Captain W.L. Wingfield; Alice B. Winston; Philip B. Winston; and Beulah H.J. Woolston.","Correspondents include: A.C.L. Wickham; Elizabeth S. Wickham; Fanny Wickham concerning the death of Ella Wickham (March 27, 1851); George Wickham; Julia L. Wickham; J.L. Wickham; L.A.C. Wickham; [L.V.] Wickham; M.F. Wickham; and Sarah Wickham.","Topics include a description of the meeting of the trustees of the Peabody Fund for Education in the South, particularly Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple of Minnesota and his life among the indigenous native Americans, who he referred to as \"Indians\" (August 12, 1876).","Topics include climate change (January 31, 1872); details of the career of his friend Custis, who died in 1872 and was a water commissioner in Boston (February 8, 1872); the influence of John C. Calhoun in ruining the whole South and his own state by men following his \"evil counsel\" (January 1, 1875); discussions of reading and current politics (January 8, 1875); description of Wickham's losses during the fire in February (March 13, 1875); mentions of Lord Byron, Charles Lamb, William Cullen Bryant and other literary figures (March 22, 1875); description of the Bunker Hill centennial (June 7, 1875); detailed discussion of the career of Patrick Henry (January 1, 1878); religious reading (March 13, 1878); and Richard Henry Dana, Jr. (December 11, 1878).","The letters are chiefly social or agricultural but one, May 30, 1867, touches upon politics and international events and mentions Rives reading the biography of James Madison.","Topics include the perils of travel by stage to Norfolk, Virginia, in winter (March 3, 1817); condolence letter upon the death of his friend, John Wickham, and reflections upon Wickham's importance in his own life as a mentor and friend and his singular character (January 26, 1839); the mention of Tazewell in the will of John Wickham (March 17 and April 1, 1839); ten inch snowfall in March and the economic difficulties of the country (March 21, 1843); discussion on the political issue on \"our title to Oregon\" (February 26, 1846); and Tazewell thanking William F. Wickham for his translations of Italian comedies, but does not think they merit the efforts of someone of Wickham's ability in the Italian language (July 15, 1849).","Correspondents include: William B. Bowers; E.E. Cooke; E.S. Holmes; E. Laurens; Robert E. Lee; L.M. Mason; N.W. Massie; Catharine H. Myers; [J.] R. Ritchie; E.R. Simons; Sue R. Simons; and Sallie P. Winston.\nThe letter from Robert E. Lee to his cousin, Anne B. Carter Wickham, November 11, 1862, hand-written copy, expresses his regret that her son, Williams Carter Wickham, has again been wounded but explains that he cannot spare Wickham from returning to duty in the army.","Among the numerous correspondents are George Washington Custis Lee; Mildred Lee; W.H.F. Lee; General William Mahone; Francis H. Smith; and George D. Wise.","Correspondents include: John Minor discussing the two engravings, of General Marion and \"the Artist's Dream,\" sent by the Apollo Association for the Promotion of the Fine Arts in the United States and the current relations of the United States and England, especially as affected by the affair of the \"Creole\" (March 18 and October 12, 1842); Henry Clay declines an invitation to visit (February 22, 1848); John S. Mosby, concerning the service of the late Dr. James McClurg as a surgeon in the Revolutionary War (July 16 and August 6, 1849); Francis Robert Rives (1822-1891); Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) concerning politics and enslavement (February 15, 1850) and a visit (July 20, 1854); John R. Thompson, editor of the  \"Messenger,\" refusing an essay by Wickham defending the Mormons (December 4, 1850);  Edward Vernon Childe (1804-1861) writes concerning the peace negotiations during the Crimean War (December 18, 1855); and two drafts of a letter from Wickham to Robert E. Lee concerning the arrival of the Yankee cavalry at \"Hickory Hill,\" who carried off General W.H. F. Lee as a prisoner in Wickham's carriage as well as horses and enslaved laborers, and includes the report that Charlotte Lee's health is not good and that she is much distressed at her husband's capture (June 28, 1863).","Topics include financial inquiry about Virginia's non-payment of the interest on state stock (January 17, 1872); the fire at Hickory Hill, Hanover County, Virginia (February 15, 1875); the voyage of William D. Shipman to England and his assessment of Thomas Jefferson's life and career (July 4, 1876); Wickham's analysis of State Trials of the United States by Francis Wharton, including his own memories of the James T. Callendar trial (June 19, 1876); and William D. Shipman's mention of seeing the effigy of ancestor William of Wykeham in Winchester, England and information about him (November 6, 1876).","Topics include advice for Henry T. Wickham on entering the legal profession and the study of law (July 24, 1868); Robinson's work with a case in the Supreme Court concerning Allen T. Caperton (1810-1876) and his acts in West Virginia as Provost Marshal (April 15, 1872).","Topics include the declaration of [William B.] Preston for the immediate secession of Virginia from the Union and Wickham's fear that \"the dogs of war will be let loose\" (April 16, 1861); two letters from Colonel [Beverly Holcombe] Robertson about missing and absent soldiers and his efforts to round them up (May 13 and 14, 1862); request for Wickham's support and vote for Robert H. Wynne as doorkeeper of the Confederate House of Representatives (December 24, 1863); John B. Baldwin informs Williams Carter Wickham that his nomination has not been acted upon (February 5, 1864) and two letters from John Taylor about family and home events during the Civil War (February 2 and 8, 1864).","Topics include a letter from Robert E. Lee about Henry T. Wickham's attendance at Washington College in Lexington and Lee's plan to write a history about military campaigns in Virginia during the Civil War (October 3, 1865) and a draft of Wickham's reply to Lee in the hand of Lucy Wickham [October 13, 1865];  a draft of Wickham's letter to General W.H.F. Lee about contemporary politics (April 16, 1868); the formation of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad (September 17, 1868); Horace Greeley's comments on the progress of the railroads in Virginia (November 15, 1868); request and recommendation from Alexander H.H. Stuart on behalf of two job seekers in the railroad business (May 5, 1873); efforts of C.T. Smith to get Wickham elected (August 19, 1883); two congratulatory letters on the recent election of Wickham to the Virginia Senate from B. Johnson Barbour and John T. Harris (November 19, 1883); and a request for a donation towards a University of Virginia chapel from Schele de Vere (November 21, 1883).","The diary begins with an entry about the secession of South Carolina from the Union and continues with entries about the evacuation of Fort Moultrie and the removal of troops to Fort Sumter in South Carolina; each state that secedes from the Union is noted and mention made of the firing upon the steamer Star of the West at Charleston, South Carolina; Intermixed with news of the impending war are notes about building a henhouse, nests, the receipt of toys, and weather; his father [Williams Carter Wickham] as a candidate for the Virginia Secession Convention from Henrico (January 29, 1861); and ends with an entry for February 12, 1861.","The diary mentions the following topics: the loan of a sharps rifle from George W. Randolph, supposedly owned before by John Brown and presented to the 1st [Virginia?] Regiment at Harper's Ferry; a four mile drive on the Petersburg Road to \"Strawberry Hill\" owned by Robert Edmond;  Judge and Mrs. Robertson leaving for \"Mount Athos\" their place in the country near Lynchburg, Virginia; double guard on \"the mills\" [Gallego Mills?]; the arrival of 1,000 men from Tennessee who went to the old fairgrounds; a drill by the \"Richland Rifles\" at the South Carolina camp; occupation of Alexandria by President Lincoln's troops; news of a battle at Bethel Church between Yorktown and Hampton; the departure of 2,000 troops for Manassas on June 13th; a visit to Camp Lee; examination of the fortifications below the city with locations noted; note that business is very slow since the commencement of the war; the meeting with Mr. and Mrs. Macfarland and General Lee at Mr. Lyon's [home?]; birth of a daughter [Elise Warwick Barksdale Wickham (1861-1952)] on August 28, 1861; note that he spent the last month with the 16th Virginia Regiment as Quartermaster at \"Camp Withers\" six miles from Norfolk; his orders to transfer to Colonel L. Smith's office as paymaster, September 13, 1861; and the death of cousin Fanny Townes, September 20, 1861.","Subjects include: lists of books purchased from Peter Cotton (October 20, 1816-January 27, 1817 and September 22, 1817); purchases of quills, paper, ink, chessmen, etc. (October 15, 1817); hires of enslaved laborers (January 25 and 27, 1817 and February 21, 1817); and a bill of sale for enslaved laborers (September 17, 1817).","Subjects include: medical care for enslaved laborers from Dr. W.P. Jones (January 12, February 24 and 26, March 24, and June 24, 1818); a hire of an enslaved laborer (April 2, 1819); and a bill of sale for two male enslaved men (January 19, 1820).","Subjects include: the return of a little boy, Joe Lewis, and little girl, Lucy, the property of William F. Wickham (September 28, 1821); payment to overseer William Lizer on \"South Wales\" plantation (January 26, 1821); and purchase of paper, ink, and books (July 7, 1821).","Subjects include: the hire of an enslaved girl, Jenny (January 11, 1823).","Subjects include: hiring of Nathaniel B. Priddy as overseer (1834-1835; 1837-1838, 1840); and a list of books and magazines, quills, pencils, and paper purchased (1836-1838).","Subjects include: hiring of Samuel Bumpass as overseer (1842); the sale of an enslaved boy, Washington (January 6, 1843); hiring of Nathaniel B. Priddy as overseer (1843); sale of the enslaved woman, Nancy Wylde, and her two youngest children (May 23, 1843); and the sale of an enslaved man, Ned Davis (June 27, 1843).","Subjects include: lists of books and writing supplies purchased (July 20, 1846; March 22 and April 16, 1847).","Subjects include: lists of books and writing supplies purchased (February 1848; July 14, 1848; and October 4, 1849).","Subjects include: lists of books purchased (January and November 1850); memoranda book containing the names of enslaved laborers (May 12, 1850); and the hire of enslaved men, Giles, Frank, and John from J.H. Wickham (1851).","Subjects include: list of taxable property for William F. Wickham in 1853, includes 96 enslaved laborers over 16 years old and 116 enslaved laborers over twelve years old.","Subjects include: partners listed for Warwick and Barksdale at the \"Gallego Mills\" following the death of William J. Barksdale (February 15 and July 2, 1860).","Subjects include: theft of stock certificates, bank book, and checks from Williams Carter at the \"North Wales\" plantation during a Yankee raid (May 31, 1864); copy of the last will and testament of Williams Carter with a codicil dated July 30, 1864, freeing his two enslaved women, Margaret and Sally, with any offspring that they have as soon as peace shall be established in the country (July 17, 1864); an enslaved mulatto girl named Sally was lent to Anne Butler Berkeley by Williams Carter (August 10, 1864); indenture concerning the former plantations and property of Williams Carter, Sr. including \"North Wales\" and \"Broad Neck\" (May 16, 1867); and payroll lists (April 1, 1868).","Subjects include: receipts for work in the coal banks, Clifton, West Virginia (1873).","Subjects include: a valuation of personal property at \"North Wales\" plantation; valuation of real estate of Mr. [Abraham] Warwick made by commissioners, including factories, blacksmith shop, houses, lots, and a Brookfield farm; and a list of the names of enslaved laborers, with their evaluations.","These three oversize items include an indenture between Betty Littlepage and Charles Carter of Corotoman (May 5, 1768); a deed of trust from Carter B. Page and Rebecca Page to Thomas Taylor and Benjamin Harrison (June 17, 1817); and an indenture concerning Catherine Page, \"Broad Neck\" and Williams Carter (March 11, 1822).","The oversize deeds and indentures include those signed by Carter B. and Rebecca Page and Thomas Taylor (June 7, 1817); an indenture between John Wickham, Edward Carrington, Daniel Call, and Littleton Waller Tazewell (March 17, 1800); an indenture between Harry and Anna Terrell and Charles Carter (October 7, 1769); an indenture between James Littlepage and Joel Terrell (April 23, 1751); an indenture between John Littlepage and John Carter (March 2, 1735); and a bill of sale for two male enslaved men, Billy and Cyrus (January 15, 1820).","These include a list with the heading \"A List of My Slaves, such as I wish to keep, such as I may wish to sell and may wish to send to the West\" with names, ages, special skills or jobs, and their evaluations on the \"Rocky Mills\" and \"South Wales\" plantations belonging to Edmund Fanning Wickham in 1835; an account of the sale of land and enslaved laborers at \"Rocky Mills\" in November 1842 with the name of the purchaser, name of the enslaved laborer and the prices; a list of enslaved laborers treated by Dr. J.P. Harrison (April 24, 1844; July 1845; July 1848); list of William F. Wickham's enslaved laborers by age category (1843); the evaluation of an enslaved man, Tom Christian and his entire family (December 22, 1846); a list of named enslaved laborers with their ages belonging to the estate of Dr. James McClurg, Hanover County, Virginia, with evalutions by W. O. Winston (January 18, 1852); a list of 209 named enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] (January 1854); a list of 269 named enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] (January 1859); a list of enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] who were either carried off the plantation by Yankee forces or left of their own accord during the Civil War (1862-1864); and one list of enslaved men between the ages of 18 and 55 with the notation that two are in Confederate service, 14 remain on the plantation and 33 have left and gone to the enemy (January 31, 1865) and another list of enslaved laborers that went to the enemy by year, 120 in all [1865].","These six oversize items include four land grant certificates to Edmund F. Wickham and Edwin P. Crenshaw; a London Medical Society membership certificate for Dr. James Maclurg (1784); a letter from Lucy Nelson (1835).","The oversize plats include one for \"North Wales\" plantation belonging to Charles Carter, October 4, 1779; a plat of \"South Wales\" and Lane plantations, Hanover County, according to the division of January 1818, but updated on May 21, 1858; a plat showing the part of \"South Wales\" plantation allotted to Anne B. Carter, the purchase of land by W.F. Wickham from Thomas Carter, and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation purchased by W.F. Wickham from the estate of George W. Smith, November 27, 1825; plat of \"Verdon\" Hanover County, Virginia, belonging to the estate of John T. Anderson (December 1, 1865); and an undated plat showing parcels of land west of the Missouri River, apparently belonging to Thomas Gorham and a Wickham family member, 4 items.","These six oversize items include a survey of the Broad Neck or Big Neck tract for Thomas C. Nelson (September 8, 1818); survey of the Lane tract, part of the South Wales Estate (January 1818); plat of the Lane tract, South Wales and Hickory Hill (January 1818); fields laid off and numbered from a survey of W.F. Wickham's river fields (February 16, 1837); surveys no. 137 and no. 146 in Saline County, Missouri for Edmund F. Wickham (1841); diagram of land plots to the west of the Missouri River and the 5th principal meridian, presumably in Missouri [1841-1842?].","This material includes a recollection of George Wythe by William F. Wickham (1874); and the first recollection of General Robert E. Lee by Anne Carter Wickham Renshaw Byerly, written in a letter to her brother Henry (undated); biographical sketches of Captain William C. Wickham, U.S. Navy (April 19, 1962 and September 1985), John Wickham (undated), and General Williams Carter Wickham (undated); and history of \"Hickory Hill\" (undated).","Families discussed include Fanning, Leiper, Martian, Peyton, Pye, Tabb and Barksdale, Taylor, Warwick, and Wingfield.","This includes a report of [3rd (Wickham's) Virginia Cavalry Brigade] near Front Royal, Virginia (August 23, 1864).","This folder includes such items as the weather at Hickory Hill (1857); a prayer of Bishop Meade (1861); printed advertisement for a catalog of attorneys (1875); damaged circular from a Rochester nursery (1882); a horse pedigree (undated); and \"Notes on Planting Box at Williamsburg\" by Arthur A. Shurcliff (undated).","These include Wickham's notes concerning the \"Home Reminiscences of John Randolph, of Roanoke\" by Powhatan Bouldin, the benefits of lime and marl, and W.W. Mac Farland's address.","These include [Julia L. Wickham], \"Peliso\" Orange, Virginia, gardens in Rome, [Hickory Hill], Captain Williams C. Wickham, U.S. Navy, and an unidentified boy taken by Tyson and Perry, Charlottesville, Virginia.","This collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Wickham family","Wickham, John, 1763-1839","Wickham, William Fanning , 1793-1880","Wickham, Lucy Taylor, 1830-1913","Wickham, Williams Carter, 1820-1888","Wickham, Henry Taylor","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 15753","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/294"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wickham family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wickham family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Wickham family papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Hickory Hill (Hanover County, Virginia)","Virginia -- History -- 19th Century"],"geogname_ssim":["Hickory Hill (Hanover County, Virginia)","Virginia -- History -- 19th Century"],"creator_ssm":["Wickham family","Wickham, John, 1763-1839","Wickham, William Fanning , 1793-1880","Wickham, Lucy Taylor, 1830-1913","Wickham, Williams Carter, 1820-1888","Wickham, Henry Taylor"],"creator_ssim":["Wickham family","Wickham, John, 1763-1839","Wickham, William Fanning , 1793-1880","Wickham, Lucy Taylor, 1830-1913","Wickham, Williams Carter, 1820-1888","Wickham, Henry Taylor"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wickham, John, 1763-1839","Wickham, William Fanning , 1793-1880","Wickham, Lucy Taylor, 1830-1913","Wickham, Williams Carter, 1820-1888","Wickham, Henry Taylor"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Wickham family"],"creators_ssim":["Wickham, John, 1763-1839","Wickham, William Fanning , 1793-1880","Wickham, Lucy Taylor, 1830-1913","Wickham, Williams Carter, 1820-1888","Wickham, Henry Taylor","Wickham family"],"places_ssim":["Hickory Hill (Hanover County, Virginia)","Virginia -- History -- 19th Century"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is open for research use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased, 3 July 2014. The first addition to this collection, MSS 15753-a,was purchased from Beltrone and Company on 6 July 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Plantation life -- Virginia","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","Slaves -- Virginia -- Hanover County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Plantation life -- Virginia","Slavery--United States -- Virginia","Slaves -- Virginia -- Hanover County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.5 Cubic Feet 19 legal doc boxes, 6 oversize folders."],"extent_tesim":["9.5 Cubic Feet 19 legal doc boxes, 6 oversize folders."],"date_range_isim":[1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in four series, Series 1: Business correspondence arranged chronologically (Boxes 1-5). Several business correspondents warranted individual folders based on either the amount of material or the importance of the correspondent. Series 2: Correspondence of John Wickham, arranged alphabetically by the last name of the chief correspondent (Box 5); Series 3: Correspondence of the Wickham and related families, arranged by the last name of the main correspondent (Boxes 6-15); Series 4: Financial and Legal Papers and Miscellany (Boxes 16-19), all arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in four series, Series 1: Business correspondence arranged chronologically (Boxes 1-5). Several business correspondents warranted individual folders based on either the amount of material or the importance of the correspondent. Series 2: Correspondence of John Wickham, arranged alphabetically by the last name of the chief correspondent (Box 5); Series 3: Correspondence of the Wickham and related families, arranged by the last name of the main correspondent (Boxes 6-15); Series 4: Financial and Legal Papers and Miscellany (Boxes 16-19), all arranged in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection chiefly concerns the Wickham family of Richmond, Virginia and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation in Hanover County, Virginia, including the families of John Wickham (1763-1839), his son, William Fanning Wickham (1793-1880), grandson, Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), and great-grandson, Henry Taylor Wickham (1849-1943). When other relatives and friends appear in the folder listing, their birth and death dates and relationships are noted if known. The family owned enslaved persons and lists them by age. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAttorney John Wickham married twice and had two lines of descent. His first wife was Mary Smith Fanning (1775-1799) by whom he had two sons, William Fanning Wickham of \"Hickory Hills,\" married to Anne Butler Carter (1797-1868), and Edmund Fanning Wickham of \"Rocky Mount\" (1796-1843), married to Anne's sister, Lucy Carter (1799-1835). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the death of his first wife, John Wickham married Elizabeth Seldon McClurg and had several more children. Some of these children are also represented in these papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnne Carter Wickham (1851-1939), the daughter of Williams Carter Wickham and Lucy Penn Taylor Wickham, married Robert H. Renshaw (1833-1910) in 1881 and they had four children. In 1920, Anne Renshaw married Dr. W.E. Byerly and lived in Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLucy Carter Wickham Byrd was the daughter of Edmund Fanning Wickham (1796-1834) and Lucy Carter (1799-1835) and the wife of George Harrison Byrd (1827-1910).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApparently the spelling of his name varies slightly from his mother's family name, Maclurg versus McClurg, but the use here reflects the spelling on his grave stone.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Howard School opened in 1831 and continued until 1834 with two teachers, the Reverend Jonathan Loring Woart (1807-1838) and his brother, the Reverend John Woart. The Episcopal High School opened in 1839 on the former Howard School location. There are also letters from the Reverend Jonathan Loring Woart (1807-1838) to William F. Wickham, including progress reports on the two boys, among this correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["This collection chiefly concerns the Wickham family of Richmond, Virginia and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation in Hanover County, Virginia, including the families of John Wickham (1763-1839), his son, William Fanning Wickham (1793-1880), grandson, Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), and great-grandson, Henry Taylor Wickham (1849-1943). When other relatives and friends appear in the folder listing, their birth and death dates and relationships are noted if known. The family owned enslaved persons and lists them by age. ","Attorney John Wickham married twice and had two lines of descent. His first wife was Mary Smith Fanning (1775-1799) by whom he had two sons, William Fanning Wickham of \"Hickory Hills,\" married to Anne Butler Carter (1797-1868), and Edmund Fanning Wickham of \"Rocky Mount\" (1796-1843), married to Anne's sister, Lucy Carter (1799-1835). ","After the death of his first wife, John Wickham married Elizabeth Seldon McClurg and had several more children. Some of these children are also represented in these papers.","Anne Carter Wickham (1851-1939), the daughter of Williams Carter Wickham and Lucy Penn Taylor Wickham, married Robert H. Renshaw (1833-1910) in 1881 and they had four children. In 1920, Anne Renshaw married Dr. W.E. Byerly and lived in Massachusetts.","Lucy Carter Wickham Byrd was the daughter of Edmund Fanning Wickham (1796-1834) and Lucy Carter (1799-1835) and the wife of George Harrison Byrd (1827-1910).","Apparently the spelling of his name varies slightly from his mother's family name, Maclurg versus McClurg, but the use here reflects the spelling on his grave stone.","The Howard School opened in 1831 and continued until 1834 with two teachers, the Reverend Jonathan Loring Woart (1807-1838) and his brother, the Reverend John Woart. The Episcopal High School opened in 1839 on the former Howard School location. There are also letters from the Reverend Jonathan Loring Woart (1807-1838) to William F. Wickham, including progress reports on the two boys, among this correspondence."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdded fa to VH 7 Dec. 2017.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Added fa to VH 7 Dec. 2017."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original letter has been transferred to the Henry Clay Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginals of these letters transferred to the John Randolph of Roanoke papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe originals of all three Wirt letters have been transferred to the Autographs collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original of the Robert E. Lee letter has been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe  original of the Lee letter  has been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original of letters to Robert E. Lee have been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers, the originals of the letters from Henry Clay transferred to the Henry Clay papers and those from John Singleton Mosby were transferred to the John Singleton Mosby papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe originals of Lee letters were transferred to Robert E. Lee papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["The original letter has been transferred to the Henry Clay Papers.","Originals of these letters transferred to the John Randolph of Roanoke papers.","The originals of all three Wirt letters have been transferred to the Autographs collection.","The original of the Robert E. Lee letter has been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers.","The  original of the Lee letter  has been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers.","The original of letters to Robert E. Lee have been transferred to the Robert E. Lee papers, the originals of the letters from Henry Clay transferred to the Henry Clay papers and those from John Singleton Mosby were transferred to the John Singleton Mosby papers.","The originals of Lee letters were transferred to Robert E. Lee papers."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 15753 Wickham family papers, Albert and Shirley Special Collection Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 15753 Wickham family papers, Albert and Shirley Special Collection Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wickham family papers (1704-1950; 9.5 cubic feet) consist of papers of Richmond, Virginia and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation in Hanover County, Virginia, including the families of John Wickham (1763-1839), his son, William Fanning Wickham (1793-1880), grandson, Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), and great-grandson, Henry Taylor Wickham (1849-1943). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains business correspondence, chiefly concerning legal and agricultural pursuits; family correspondence with immediate and extended relatives; personal correspondence from friends and political associates; two brief diaries discussing the secession and the beginning of the Civil War; financial and legal papers, including lists of books purchased, hires of enslaved laborers, the purchase of enslaved laborers, medical care for enslaved laborers, losses from invading soldiers during the Civil War, estate values, including those of enslaved laborers, indentures, deeds, receipts, plats and surveys, and lists of enslaved laborers by name and age; genealogies and genealogical charts; invitations and calling cards; military papers of General Williams Carter Wickham in the Civil War and Captain Williams Carter Wickham, U.S. Navy; news clippings; some notes and manuscripts of William F. Wickham; a few photographs and snapshots; poetry; hand-written recipes; school papers; and sympathy and greeting cards. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a hand drawn map of Hickory Hill plantation, the Wickham family estate which may have been drawn by a descendant of an enslaved laborer. It shows a diagram of \"Mammy's House\" and surrounding buildings that were revisited in the 1980's. The pages following the illustration name African Americans who were still living and working at Hickory Hill estate in the early 1900's. Mentioned are the families of John Robinson, Albert Cash,  Henry Toliver, Edith Jackson, Matt Foley, Maria Tucker, Ruben Lewis,Landonia Lewis, ALec Hewlett, Louisa and Albert Jackson, Henry Abrams, Betty Jackson, John Abram and Roselyn, Milton Hewlett, and Virginia Shelton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTopics include the Civil War, the relationships between family members in both the North and the South, and attitudes toward secession; many aspects of enslavement, often naming the enslaved laborers involved; Virginia and national politics; the practice of agriculture in Virginia; the education of the children of Virginia planters, including attendance at the Howard School, Episcopal High School, Washington College and the University of Virginia; military service of General Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), Captain William Carter Wickham (1887-1985), and other Wickham relatives.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include:, John Slidell and Co., Thomas C. Keaton, William Lyne, W.P. Mason, W.T. Nivison, William B. Page, Philip Rogers, Thomas Rotch, Penn T. Sale, John M. Shepherd, Peter F. Smith, Thomas Strode, William Sullivan, Thomas Swann, Richard Wallack, Ralph Wingfield, Alice B. Winston, and Zach Vowels\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with Edmund F. Wickham, include: Williams Carter (1819), Archibald Gracie and Robert Gracie (1821), and multiple correspondents in 1822: Curwen and Hagarty, Samuel John Dunlop, King and Gracie, Samuel Lambert, and Robert Hughes and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: James Dunlop, Ninian Edwards, John Ferguson, C.B. Fleet, William Fleet, Robert Gracie, Francis Gregg, James Hagarty, George E. Harrison, James Henderson, L. Jones, T. Jones, and Robert King.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters involving enslavement or enslaved laborers include one from L. Jones, asking for protection for \"old Billy\" and mentioning other issues concerning the welfare of enslaved laborers, January 2, 1823, and another letter from Ninian Edwards discussing the possible purchase of a female enslaved laborer for the wife of Dr. Harvey Lane, January 13, 1823.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Henry Arnall, Curwen and Hagarty, [J.] Dunlop, Ninian Edwards, C.B. Fleet, John G. Gamble, Robert G. Harper, George E. Harrison, Jones and Rodes, Hardage Lane, C.C. Lee, Lewis and Tomes, George Marx, John Morgan, and Charles Morris.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLetters involving enslavement include the inquiry by Robert G. Harper, May 5, 182[3], for information about the \"present condition, conduct, and prospects\" of some manumitted enslaved laborers formerly belonging to Samuel Gist who were freed in his will. He also asks for  the name and address of some respectable and intelligent person in the area where the freed formerly enslaved laborers now live who can send a report to Gist's relatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly Edmund F. Wickham and William F. Wickham, include: Curwen and Hagarty, James Dunlop, John Dunlop, William Logan Fisher, William Fleet, George Greenhow, George E. Harrison, B.B. Keesee, Robert King, Thomas Kelly, Hardage Lane, Lewis and Tomes, Charles F. Logan, William Lyne, and  Robert and John Oliver. One letter mentions a runaway enslaved man, named Joe, December 18, 1823.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: David Barclay, John H. Blair, Carter Braxton, William Burns, William L. Dance, S.W. Dandridge, Aaron Denman, Robert Douthat, Ninian Edwards, William Fleet, Gillingham and Randolphs (G.F. and E. Randolph), James Hagerty, George E. Harrison, John Hopkins, and Thomas and John G. Riddle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Richard Anderson, John Balfour, Thomas and John S. Biddle, Carter Braxton, William Burns, Hugh Campbell, Robert Douthat, and Gillingham and Randolphs (G.F. and E. Randolph).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Carter Berkeley, Carter Braxton, Roger Mallory, Thomas Nelson, and William F. Wickham to Thomas B. Coleman. Roger Mallory, the jailor in Petersburg, Virginia, writes concerning a runaway enslaved man named Jim who finally admitted he belonged to William F. Wickham. Jim had originally claimed to belong to Price Sharpe who was charged with permitting him to \"go at large contrary to law,\" and hire himself out, March 19, 1827.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: G.H. Bacchus, Thomas T. Bouldin, Thomas B. Coleman, M. Huelin,  Benjamin Whitehead Ladd, W.H. McFarland, William Nelson, John W. Payne, William G. Pendleton, M.E.M. Roane, and A.B. Spooner. Topics include the reception of freed former enslaved laborers in Ohio (Benjamin W. Ladd, March 4, 1830); and the [Samuel?] Gist estate (John M. Payne, April 22, 1830).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Patrick Nesbett Edgar, John Exall, Chapman Johnson, Thomas N. Lee, John Ponsonby Martin, William Nelson, Severn E. Parker, A. Robinson, Jr., William Rowlett, J.S. Skinner, Benjamin Temple, Robert Temple, Thomas Biddle and Company, and John R. Triplett. Topics include: blue wheat (Benjamin and Robert Temple, July 4, 1830 and August 4, 1830); American turf and racing magazine (August 3, 1830; September 1, 1830; October 19, 1830); and a collection of pedigrees for an American Stud Book (October 13, 1830).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: J.D. Andrews, John Corbin, Alfred V. Crenshaw, Crouches and Snead, Gracie and Company, James Gray, Richard B. Haxall, William Hilberg, James Lyle, and Francis Page. Topics include problems with a horse purchased from Wickham (November 15, 1838), the safe arrival of the Andrews family in Houston, Texas (January 28, 1839), and the sending of an enslaved man named Jefferson to fetch two mules from Wickham (April 22, 1839).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Beers and Poindexter, Robert M. Candlish, John S. Corbin, Robert Ellett, William Linton, A.T.B. Merritt, Nathaniel Nelson, J.W. Pegram, W. Richardson, Thomas Samson, John Shore, John N. Tazewell, James G. Watson, and William L. White. Topics include mention of the horse \"Priam\" at Merritt's Hicks Ford stud in Virginia and the failure of Wickham's Eclipse mare to foal last spring (May 11, 1842); the dire condition of the [enslaved man?] old Bob Clark and his family on the land of Nathanael Nelson and attempts to provide for their care (June 15 and July 11, 1842); and a discussion of improvements to Wickham's bevel wheel (July 11, 1842) by Thomas Samson of D.J. Burr and Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: John S. Corbin, Nathanael Cross, William Dorbaker, Thomas Ellis and Charles Ellis, Robert G. Gilman, J.H. Martin, [S.H.] Parker, James L. Pendleton, James A. Seddon, Jane J. Swann, George Taylor, John N. Tazewell, William L. White, and John Wight. Topics include lumber needed for a penitentiary and a possible list of enslaved laborers written in pencil on an address portion of the letter (October 10, 1842).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Warwick Barksdale, John Barr, Samuel Cottrell, Richard Gwathmey, John Struthers and Son, Lucius Minor, William Nelson, Lucien B. Price, Richard Randolph, Edmund Ruffin, William D. Taylor, John N. Tazewell, Philip B. Winston, and Richard M. Young (General Land Office). Topics include the sale of two enslaved women (January 29, 1845).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Warwick Barksdale, Wellington Goddin, Phineas Janney, C.C. Lee, Thomas Nelson, Bernard Peyton, [Lucien] B. Price, John T. Rogers, Edmund Ruffin, Robert Taylor, J.R. Underwood, William F. Watson, Joseph Wingfield, and Philip B. Winston. Topics include a description of damage to the property of Joseph Wingfield by the breakage of the mill dam of Wickham (March 12, 1848).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: John Gibson, G.W. Goode, Richard Gwathmey, Benjamin F. Larned (1794-1862), William Leigh, Thomas Nelson, John E. Page, James A. Seddon, Alexander H.H. Stuart, William F. Watson, Hugh A. Watt, W.C. Wickham (to James M. Ford), Edmund Winston, and William Overton Winston. Topics include the shipment of some prairie birds and directions for their care (December 23, 1849); lists of enslaved laborers for hire, including \"old Fanny,\" Nancy and her three children, and Betsy (January 1, 1850); request for information about the amount due on account of the division of the \"Negroes\" or enslaved laborers (March 5, 1850); William F. Wickham as the guardian of the minor heirs of Robert C. Wickham (April 20, 1850); the offer of the use of a Southdown buck for sheep breeding (July 12, 1850); the increase of visitors to the mountains of Virginia, especially at White Sulphur Springs, the Warm Springs, and the Hot Springs (August 5, 1850); the purchase of stained glass (November 19 and 23, 1850); the return of an enslaved woman who was a wet nurse, \"Mamma Betsy\" hired the year before for his little boy (July 28, 1849; November 5, 1850); and an opinion about Jenny Lind (December 20, 1850).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Alexander Hew, John F. Lay, [Laudonier] J. Randolph; Robert L. Randolph, Allen P. Richardson, William Sayre, William F. Wickham, and Thomas Wight. \nTopics include the redemption of land in Saline County, Missouri (September 13, 1853) and the settlement with McClurg Wickham, Littleton Waller Tazewell Wickham, and John Wickham concerning a loan from John Henry Wickham to them on August 11, 1851 (May 28, 1858).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: J.A. Allen, David Anderson, Jr., A.W. Ball, Ann B. Berkeley, the Reverend P.F. Berkeley, George H. Byrd (Wyman, Byrd and Co. Commission Merchants), [Magrat] Davis, R.B. Davis, Robert Johnston, J.H. Montague, H.C. Parsons, James H. Storrs, John R. Taylor, James Usher, and William F. Wickham (drafts to Ann B. Berkeley, the Reverend P.F. Berkeley, and B.W. Green). \nTopics include: the question in the legislature concerning the payment of legacies given in Confederate money between 1862-1865 (March 10, 1866); difficulties in settling court cases in West Virginia following the Civil War (November 16, 1866); a request from a woman for legal help in keeping her inheritance in her name and under her control rather than her husband's as her current lawyer advised (April 25, 1867); and reports on the \"North Wales\" farm (May 20, 27, and 31, 1870).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: James L. Apperson, W.W. Baldwin, Lewis D. Crenshaw, Jr., Isaac Davis, L.R. Dickinson, Maynard Dyson,  James S. Earle and Sons, George William Gibson, Charles Herndon, J.M. Hill, I.M. Parr and Son (Commission Merchants), J. Sabin and Sons (Booksellers, Printsellers and Importers), Walter C. Jones, A.C. Loomis, J.H. Montague, Henry Parry, G. Peyton, Joseph T. Priddy, R.H. Maury and Co. (Stock and Exchange Brokers), J.W. Ratcliffe, C.T. Smith, E.D. Starke, A.T. Stewart, W.T. Tinsley, H. Wernich, William F. Wickham (draft to L. Upshur Evans), and Wright and Co., Rio de Janeiro. \nTopics include: the sale of property in Richmond, Virginia, of a former brewery belonging to the estate of David G. Yuengling, Jr. along the James River called the \"James River Steam Brewery\" (August 16, 1879).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: George B. Butler, Alexander Kaslovistsh, and John Watkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlvis discusses the farm operations of the East Tuckahoe Plantation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe company sends sketches and discusses the replacement of the mantle damaged in the house fire at Hickory Hill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the oak tobacco boxes supplied by Edmund F. Wickham from \"Rocky Mills\" plantation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence is chiefly with William F. Wickham and Williams Carter Wickham. Topics include concern about the \"military bill\" in the South as a way for Congress to get at the landed property there (March 4, 1867); Wickham's fondness for memoirs and other mentions of reading (December 17, 1868; May 30, 1873; June 15 and 20, 1875; February 11, 1876; May 4, 1877; July 2, 1880); and the offer of building supplies currently at \"Broad Neck\" in order to rebuild the house at \"Hickory Hill\" after a fire (February 16, 1875).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence is chiefly with William F. Wickham and Williams Carter Wickham. Topics include the financial affairs of their cousin Georgina L. Featherstonhaugh (September 24 and October 28, 1879).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include Carter's impressions of Bristol College, Bucks County, Pennsylvania (October 18, 1834); complaints about the western states and their impact upon agricultural prices and politics, mentioning James Buchanan by name (July 17, 1846); suggestion that the enslaved laborers belonging to their nephews, Robert and John Wickham, be sold to pay the debt of their education (June 18, 1847); mention of a violent snowstorm that occurred just after he had returned home on a gunboat following a period of being nursed by his sister at \"Hickory Hill\" (November 8, 1862); and the death of Julia Wickham (July 16, 1873).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include C.P. Huntington (President), Henry Taylor Wickham, and Williams C. Wickham and J.S.F. Smith (Paint Creek Depot) concerning the opening of the coal mines on the land purchased from the Hansford heirs and the employment of miners in Kanawha County, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include C.P. Huntington (President), Henry Taylor Wickham, and Williams C. Wickham and J.S.F. Smith (Paint Creek Depot) concerning the opening of the coal mines on the land purchased from the Hansford heirs and the employment of miners in Kanawha County, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters concern lands held by Reuben Jenkins and John Henry Wickham in Saline County, Missouri.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters discuss matters concerning the Louisa Railroad, which was chartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1836, and renamed the Virginia Central Railroad in 1850, with Fontaine as its longtime president.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence is concerned with securing payment on the accounts of John Wickham and Littleton W. T. Wickham, brothers of William F. Wickham by an immediate sale of livestock and agricultural goods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions the illness of President Monroe and his own wife, Eliza Kortright Monroe Hay, the daughter of Monroe (August 4, 1823) and expresses disparaging remarks concerning a Yankee business associate (October 19, 1823).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include a request to help in the administration of the estate of Dr. McClurg (March 2, 1839); fears about the possible death of his son, Thomas, in [Mississippi?] (June 22, 1839); instructions about the purchase of summer clothing for the enslaved laborers by Alvis (April 21, 1840); mention that there are 70 enslaved laborerss associated with the \"Rocky Mills\" plantation of Edmund Wickham and 40 additional enslaved laborers associated with his father's [John Wickham] estate (July 28, 1842). Much of the correspondence in general deals with the settling of the estate of John Wickham (1763-1839).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses arrangements for the support of Mr. Harrison's children and his disappointment with Dr. Selden.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter of introduction from Henry Clay for Mr. Bainbridge of Kentucky to John Wickham.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKerr requests copies of any ordinances or laws concerning lands either given or planned to be given by the state of Virginia to the officers and soldiers who served in either the Continental Army or the Virginia state militia for use in the United States Court in Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the best way to secure the claim of Dr. McClurg for surgeon pay during his service in the Continental Army, keeping in mind that the United States will soon find a use for surplus money and mentions Henry Clay as doing a great deal of good [in Congress?].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecommends that they make sure that Dr. [James] McClurg's will is recorded in Kentucky.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotifies Wickham that he has located among his scorched papers enough information to send him a transcript of all he knows or remembers about the bonds of Mr. Balfour and invites him to visit Studley, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions the health concerns of family members and friends in Baltimore, Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the worsening physical condition of Walter [Maclurg Wickham?]  in Baltimore, Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotifies Wickham about the death of Walter [Maclurg Wickham?] in Baltimore, Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRequests Wickham provide the wording to a decree that would enable a sale of his property in Richmond, Virginia, to proceed since his power of attorney, Mr. Botts, was unable to perform his duties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter, March 24, 1820, incomplete, last page only, John Randolph of Roanoke writes concerning Stephen Decatur's death. In a second letter, April 1, 1820,   part of the letter and autograph signature excised, John Randolph of Roanoke thanks Wickham for his indulgence and civility in the matter of his father's estate and mentions [Littleton Waller] Tazewell's move to Norfolk.,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include: request for advice on a business proposition concerning property offered by Mr. Page as security for the payment of Tazewell's stock (July 4 and 9, 1819); Tazewell's current ill health (November 26, 1819); criticism of President John Quincy Adams and a description of a duel between Henry Clay and John Randolph of Roanoke (April 8, 1826); and damages suffered during a hurricane (October 14, 1838).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters concerns legal work performed by Wickham for Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExpresses concern over several outbreaks of cholera among citizens and enslaved laborers on the plantation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrites from White Sulphur Springs about the convalescence of Susan [Decatur Wickham (1819 -1831)].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Wickham addresses business matters in his absence on a trip to Philadelphia, sending four letters from stops in Washington, Baltimore, New York and Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe discusses the prospects for the wheat crop, the demand for flour in [American] towns and South America, and reports on his conversations with Mr. Haxall about pricing if the crop is delivered early (May through August 1830) and the last letter mentions their pleasant stay at the Sulphur Springs and Sweet Springs and the journey home, the drought in Kentucky and Ohio, and \"this new explosion in France\" (September 24, 1830).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWickham writes to his son William F. Wickham with concerns about his wheat crop, a notification of an outbreak of disease at Howard School for boys from Jonathan Loring Woart, and the preoccupation of the Virginia General Assembly over internal improvements (January 29 and May 30, 1834); the design of a mill powered by water (February 21, 1834); discussions about the Bank of Virginia and the elections (April 17 and 21, 1834); discussions about possible schools for their boys and rumors of a duel in Washington (September 28, 1834); discusses the President's message (December 7, 1834); an enslaved laborer, sick with cholera, who was believed to be dead several times, appears to be recovering partly due to work of Dr. McCaw (December 18, 1834); and politics in Washington (December 24, 1834).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWickham writes to his son William F. Wickham with concerns about his wheat crop (July 6, 1837) and to his sons at the University of Virginia, George and Littleton W.T. Wickham with advice about their studies, especially geology and the study of soils, and their visit to the Natural Bridge (May 15, 1837).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letters written during a trip to New England by William F. Wickham and Anne Wickham mention seeing the effects of a great drought all over the northeast, speculations about the wheat crop, poor corn crop of the current year, Littleton at the University of Virginia and George reporting for duty in Washington in the U.S. Navy (September 13, 17, and 25, 1838); news about the wheat market and John Wickham's health (November 20 and December 12, 1838); and news about the opening of the [James River and Kanawha Canal] and its advantages for Richmond, Virginia (December 20, 1838).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWirt asks for Wickham's advice concerning the rights of the widow in the estate of John Ellis (December 21, 1815); in another letter, October 10, 1830, autograph signature excised, Wirt asks for his advice and support in the case of the Cherokee Nation versus the state of Georgia, argued by Wirt before the Supreme Court; and in a third undated letter, Wirt discusses a property case involving Colonel Byrd and Mr. Harrison of Berkeley and lots in Manchester and Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two letters mentioning visits by Yankees to Hickory Hill and the taking of her father as a prisoner (May 27, 1862; August 4, 1862); also includes a letter from Robert E. Lee to his cousin, Miss Annie Wickham [later Anne Carter Wickham Renshaw Byerly], Lee promises to stop by \"Hickory Hill\" to visit if at all possible on his way back to Lexington, autograph signature excised from the letter (May 23, 1870).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters through March 1883 are written from Port Oratava to Henry T. Wickham but in April 1883 the Renshaw's began their journey home, settling in New Market and then Boyce, Virginia, by the turn of the century; In 1906, Annie writes from the University of Virginia about Robert H. Renshaw's poor health which continues until his death in 1910.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters are chiefly undated, but she appears to continue her correspondence with her uncle after the death of her Aunt Anne in1868, chiefly written from New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLeigh mentions the death of Lizzie Wickham (February 27, 1862); General Johnston and his prospects in the Tennessee area (March 25, 1863); and the death of Mrs. Carter, probably Mary B. Randolph Carter (August 6, 1864).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter, September 16, 1836, described a duel between her brother James and John Chapman, which ended in reconciliation between the two men.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains one letter, August 17, 1863, concerning the Civil War, from Chattanooga, Tennessee, shortly before his death following his wounding and capture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include the preparation to leave for France with her husband, William Cabell Rives, appointed minister to France (June 26, 1829); and their return to Paris, France (August 2, 1851).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter, written from the Warm Springs Hospital, discusses Taylor's health problems and the recent Battle of Cheat Mountain (October 2, 1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo letters are written from China, one from Chefoo [present day Yantai] and the second from Tsingtao, while her husband, Captain Williams C. Wickham (1887-1985) was serving in the U.S. Asiatic Fleet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter from Williams Carter Wickham expresses his pleasure at her engagement to his son, Henry Taylor Wickham (August 26, 1885).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters are chiefly to her husband, Henry, while staying at the Homestead, Hot Springs, Virginia, (1911) and White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia (1913) for her health but two letters are to her son, Captain Williams Carter Wickham during his journey to join the Asiastic fleet (1924).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEarly letters are chiefly from his grandparents, William F. and Anne Wickham, and the letters in 1864 are between Henry and his parents, Williams C. and Lucy Wickham\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter mentions the death of his grandmother, Anne B. Carter Wickham (February 26, 1868); four letters were written as a University of Virginia student (October 17, 24, and 31, 1869; and May 8, 1870); and one letter from Henry to his son, Captain Williams C. Wickham, congratulating him on his engagement to Credilla Miller (October 2, 1911).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Wickham writes concerning land in Franklin County, Missouri, belonging to the estate of John Wickham (July 11, 1850).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War, Leigh Wickham received an appointment in the Confederate Quartermaster department at Memphis, Tennessee (September 13 and 19, and December 8, 1861); reports that the people of Mississippi were frightened of General Grant's army (December 23, 1862); and mentions the hanging of Colonel Lawrence Orton Williams as a Confederate spy by the Federals (June 14, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes one letter from Williams Carter Wickham while at the University of Virginia concerning the results of Professor Rogers' analysis of Edmund's specimens of marl (January 16, 1838).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains two letters from W.F. Wickham, Jr. as a student at the University of Virginia (December 19, 1848 and January 12, 1849).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters written as a student at the Episcopal High School of Virginia, Fairfax, Virginia (1874-1878) and the University of Virginia (1878-1883).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile his father is away in New York and Boston, Williams Carter Wickham sends reports on the activities and condition of the plantation, including illness and death among the enslaved laborers (September 7, 1845; September 15, 1848). Williams Carter Wickham writes with further reports to his father hoping to catch him still at Bowling Green (August 30, 1849); and Williams describes a trip with his wife Lucy to New York and on to Quebec (August 27, 1855).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains references to the participation of Williams Carter Wickham in the First Battle of Bull Run (July 24, 1861, and August 1861); rumors of possible attacks on Arlington and Alexandria and Norfolk (September 2, 1861); discussion about the ramifications of the seizure of James Murray Mason and John Slidell on board the RMS Trent by Union Captain Charles Wilkes (December 8, 1861); and W. Leigh Wickham's commission as assistant quartermaster with rank of captain (December 20, 1861). During the recent visit of William F. Wickham with General Robert E. Lee, Lee reported on the sufferings of the army in the west [1861].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliams Carter Wickham shares his weariness of the war and announces himself as a candidate for Congress (May 15, 1863); William F. Wickham voices his concern over scarcity of food in Richmond and near Charlottesville to Lucy Penn Taylor Wickham (January 19, 1864); and William F. Wickham fears that Lee cannot maintain communications to the south and wishes he had nothing more to do with land or enslaved laborers if only his son were home in peace (June 28, [1864]).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains references to the participation of Williams Carter Wickham in the First Battle of Bull Run (July 22-23, 27, and 31, 1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWickham is in Cavalry Camp, 5th Brigade and attached to Colonel Cocke's Brigade and has a complete blacksmith shop and blacksmith fixed up with his company but requires clothes for his [enslaved?] personal attendant, Robin (September 1, 1861); Many letters discuss conditions of camp life for an officer in the Confederate forces and the efforts of family at home to supply the needs and wants of their own family members in the forces but also those of other soldiers, such as clothing. The letters also show a desire to establish a local hospital for the troops like the ones run by the ladies in Fredericksburg, Virginia (September 4, 1861); Wickham writes from his camp at Fairfax Courthouse about opportunities for drilling the troops, his resignation of his seat in the Convention and in the Virginia Senate, his increasing concerns over the conduct of the war in the last two months, and the injurious effect of the capture of Fort Hatteras in North Carolina to the South (September 6, 1861); news that his son, Henry T. Taylor, is intensely reading the novels of Sir Walter Scott to the detriment of his studies (September 26, 1861); clothing made by the ladies of the community shipped off to the troops (October 12, 1861); Wickham currently at Union Mills (October 22, 1861); the difficulties of Lizzie Fry in getting a permit to leave to go home (October 24, 1861); and Wickham's meeting with General [Jeb] Stuart with whom he is very pleased (October 27, 1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWickham writes a very detailed letter about the detrimental effects of fighting the Civil War on their own home soil, his dinner with General Cocke, whose ardor for the war has cooled considerably, the wasting of their best resources in an unnatural strife, and the devastation wrought by both occupying armies (November 3, 1861); and mention of Colonel Robertson and General Stuart (November 7, 13, and 29, 1861). \nWriting from Camp Frontier after an absence of three days, he describes a plan for a force of  nine companies of cavalry and three regiments of infantry, all under General Stuart, to cut off an enemy encampment near Alexandria, but this was prevented by the arrival of more Federal forces in the area near Pohick Church and describes his activities as a member of the scouting party (November 13, 1861); furnishes a description of his strategy when in new territory (November 21, 1861); shares his belief that the Yankees will advance along the Evansport line, chiefly by water, but with a land force on the telegraph road, otherwise believes that they will go into winter quarters (November 24, 1861); and repeats a report from Mr. Porcher [of South Carolina?] that some of the coloured people had been shot by the Confederates and that some of the people offered to work on the entrenchments for the Yankees for pay (November 28, 1861). \nWickham is still waiting for word on any advancement against the enemy and a describes the Federal forces arrayed against Virginia (December 4, 1861); Wickham shares his wish to command a full regiment of cavalry if he cannot have his first  preference to be at home with Lucy, his shock at hearing about the death of Mr. [Cooke?] and his efforts to secure a furlough for Church to go home for the funeral (December 14, 1861).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWickham writes about the following topics, a story about Lt. Colonel Thomas L. Kane, commander of the Bucktail Rifles of Northern Pennsylvania and a relative (January 2, 1862); General Johnston likes Wickham's bill for the better organization of the army (January 8, 1862); Wickham's [enslaved?], attendant, Robin, has built a wonderful shelter for the horses in their winter camp (January 8, 1862); Wickham's return to Camp Ewell after his furlough (January 29, 1862); his disapproval of the bill in the Senate concerning the Virginia forces (February 4, 1862); and his concerns over the reorganization of his regiment (February 15, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include the alarm of the people in the area north of the Rappahannock where people are abandoning their homes and \"Negroes\" or enslaved laborers are going northward by the hundreds (March 14, 1862); bivouacking comfortably near Brandy Station (April 4, 1862); and reports that their new location is twelve miles below Williamsburg and five miles from Yorktown at \"Blows Mill\" and that they are short on provisions (April 18, 22 and 24, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include writing from Sudley Mills describes recent events that have greatly reduced his regiment and prevented his communicating with his family, noting that with 200 men Wickham charged the 12th Pennsylvania Cavalry 800 strong, routing them and capturing a large number, mentioning that General Ewell has lost a leg [during the battle of Groveton] (August 30, 1862); currently near Frederick, Maryland (September 7, 1862); yesterday at Sharpsburg, Maryland, \"fought probably the most desperate battle of the war\" [Battle of Antietam], Wickham lost twenty  men killed, wounded or missing, W.H.F. Lee's horse fell with him, Lt. Colonel Thornton of the 3rd had his arm torn by a shell and died of shock, Hill Carter received two severe wounds at Boonsborough and was left in the hands of the enemy, very difficult to find anything to eat, as local people will not sell them anything, and Thomas L. Kane was just made a Brigadier General in the Union army (September 18 and 21, 1862).\nReports on his safe return from an expedition to Pennsylvania with 1800 men (October 14 and 19, 1862); details of the cavalry raid to collect horses from Mercersburg, Chambersburg, and Emmitsburg (October 19, 1862); troops destroying the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (October 21, 1862);  his participation recently in a serious battle with losses of 1500 killed or wounded [Battle of Fredericksburg], with the town of Fredericksburg totally devastated and mentions activities of Major General Ambrose Burnside (December 15 and 18, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include the rejection of his resignation by the Secretary of War (January 15, 1863); staying with General Robert E. Lee at Culpeper Courthouse (March 1, 1863); discussion of the [Battle of Chancellorsville] (May 8, 1863 copy); spent the day with Lee who was in good spirits but without any hope of quick termination of the war and who would not allow his resignation, and General Jackson said to be dangerously ill with pleurisy (May 10, 1863); mentions the death of General Jackson and his fears for the safety of General Lee who he describes in appreciative terms (May 11, 1863); and describes his visit to General Lee's headquarters and assesses the results of recent battles (May 31, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include Wickham's approval of the generals James Longstreet, A.P. Hill, and Richard S. Ewell (June 3, 1863); Lucy relates their losses during visits of the Yankees to \"Hickory Hill\" and \"North Wales\" plantations and the capture of Fitzhugh Lee out of his sick bed (July 25, 1863); Wickham writes from the headquarters of Wickham's Brigade, following his commission as Brigadier General (September 12, 1863); news of Julius Theodore Porcher being mortally wounded from members of the 10th South Carolina Regiment (December 1863); Lucy Wickham's visit with General Wickham near Charlottesville, Virginia (January 17, 21, 31, 1864); General Lee has issued the first order that has not received Wickham's admiration (February 8, 1864); and draft of a letter from Wickham to Captain J.E. Cook, describing his actions beginning on October 28, 1862 until November 3, 1862 (February 26, 1864).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include accompanying General Robert E. Lee to the anniversary of the Young Men's Christian Association of Poney's Brigade to hear a talk on the character of General [Stonewall?] Jackson (March 29, 1864); description of the pillaging of \"Hickory Hill\" by the Yankees and their threatening Uncle Hill Carter (June 5, 1864, June 1864, August 1, 1864); mention of General Sheridan (July 25, 1864); description of the devastation in the area around Culpeper and mention of [Jubal] Early (August 12, 1864); and Wickham, while stationed in Winchester, Virginia, describing the broad valley just prior to the Battle of Winchester (September 5, 8, and 10, 1864).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWickham attended the U.S. Naval Academy from 1904 until 1909 and most of the letters from this period were to his parents. There are also a few dating from his service aboard the U.S.S. Minnesota (1911) and the U.S.S. Smith (1913) addressed to them. Letters dated 1924 from Captain Wickham to his wife, Credilla Miller Wickham, were written while serving in the U.S. Asiastic Fleet aboard the U.S.S. Pillsbury when the navy summered at Chefoo [present day Yantai], China.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: J.S.B. Alleyne (resolutions concerning the death of Dr. William F. Wickham in 1851); John B. Baldwin; L.M. Baldwin; Nannie P. Ballard; A.P. Bankhead; B. Johnson Barbour, John L. Barbour; Greta du Pont Barksdale (1891-1965); Phoebe [Barksdale?]; Marianna Elizabeth Barksdale (1796-1856) and her husband, William Jones Barksdale (1794-1859); Ann B. Berkeley; Letitia Glenn Biddle (1864-1950); John Minor Botts (1802-1869); Mary G. Braxton; Mary Carter Brickner; G. Thompson Brown; Alfred H. Byrd; E.H. Byrd and L.C. Byrd.\nTopics include a very detailed letter from John Minor Botts to General Williams Carter Wickham about the Civil War, particularly the requested transfer of Colonel Charles H. Wager from the infantry service to the cavalry, rumors about General Lee evacuating Virginia, complaints about the press stimulating the prejudices of the people, and rumors of a proposal to arm enslaved laborers to help fight against the Northern forces (January 8, 1865).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Ellen J. Cackie; J.R. Campbell (damaged postal card only); B.B. Claike; George Colton; A. Coolidge; O.A. Crenshaw; M.W.T. Cumberland; John B. Custis; Laura G. Custis; Raleigh T. Daniel; J.S. Davis; Enid Deem; Martha Lee Doughty \"To the Women of the Confederacy\" (undated); Fanny Duncan; Georgina L. Featherstonhaugh; and Mary J. Foster.\nTopics include: a discussion of several books read by Laura G. Custis of Boston (May 25, no year) and a description of the past few months the Custis family were forced to stay in Versailles, France, due to illness and the onset of the Franco-Prussian War (March 30, [1871]).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Ellen Carter, Lizzie Carter, L.W. Carter, Mary Carter, and W[illiams?] Carter, Jr.\nTopics include: the concern of W[illiams] Carter, Jr. that his father make a will immediately so that the Confederacy will not get any of [his brother?] Charles' portion of the estate.  He writes emphatically \"I don't wish the South to get a cent – no country in the history of the world has so worked out its own destruction as the Southern portion of the U.S. America, and all Christendom will in history say, Amen – next to Sodom and Gomorrah\" (February 3, 1862); W[illiams?] Carter, Jr. also asks that the enslaved laborers on both the North Wales and South Wales plantations be sent to Charlotte or some safe place so they will not be sold like cattle, mentioning all of the Tom and Sarah Fox family, Ben Napper and family, the Tom Brown and Harry Brown families, and other enslaved laborers by first name only (March 1, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: A.W. Carter; Agnes M. Carter; Annie Carter; Betty Carter; E.H. Carter; Emily Carter; Fanny N. Carter; L.H. Carter, Louise Carter, Pauline Carter, Susan Roy Carter, Thomas B. Carter, Thomas H. Carter (1831-1908), and Williams Carter.\nTopics include: the death of Julia Wickham (Thomas H. Carter, July 19, 1873); an expression of hope that the nation will mend following the Civil War, saying \"my hatred for Davis is only equaled by that for Charles Sumner,\" and mention of balloon flights and France's position of strength in Europe (Thomas B. Carter, Paris, May 22, 1866).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics of note include two references to the Civil War, including the \"suffering northern soldiers\" and the sentiment \"the same God made us all\" (August 10, 1861); and a second letter about the Civil War concerning shelling of the area near Shirley along the river by northern gunboats and comments about [General John] Pope (August 28, 1862).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include a condolence letter (July 12, 1873) concerning the death of Julia Leiper Wickham (1859-1873).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Peter J. Chevallie to his wife, Elizabeth Gilliam Chevallie; Sarah Magee \"Sally\" Chevallie Warwick (1816-1846) to her mother, Elizabeth Green Gilliam Chevallie (1796-1865); Joseph Gallego to his nephew, Peter J. Chevallie;  Henry Chevallie to his sister, Mary G. Chevallie; and Abraham Warwick (1794-1874) to his daughter-in-law, Elise F. Warwick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Robert Gamble; S.P. Gregory; Gene and [George?] Griffin; A.G. Grinnan; Evelyn Hale; Hetty Cary Harrison; Ella Havisham; Jane R. Haxall; Rosalie Haxall; Eva Mary Anna Mason Heth (1836-1915); Mary Heywood (with a photograph of her on her 78th birthday);  E.[L.] Holmes; R.R. Howison; J. Johns, Jr.; S. Harvey Johnson; William T. Joyner; W.M. Justis; Bessie D. Kane; J.D.L. Kane; Sallie G. Kean; and Ethel Kilburn.\nTopics include the Civil War (Robert Gamble, June 19, 1863); reminiscences about the Civil War and General Stuart, and a discussion about genealogy (A.G. Grinnan, 1892-1893); family reading (R.R. Howison, January 30, 1878); discussion of Reuben Lindsay Walker (1827-1890), commander of the Third Corps artillery, and his opposition to the peace commission, known as the [Hampton Roads Conference] during the Civil War and political issues that will arise at the conclusion of the war (William T. Joyner, February 3, 1865); and the poor state of the Confederate army, due in part to desertions (William T. Joyner, February 25, 1865).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Frances Wickham Graham; [Hartley] Graham; James Duncan Graham; Salva Graham; and William F. Wickham.\nTopics include chiefly family news but also some references to the work of James Duncan Graham as a member of the United States Engineer Corps (April 13, 1862; April 9, 1865; May 9, 1865); the condition of the South at the conclusion of the Civil War (June 2, 1865); and papers concerning the pension of James Duncan Graham (1867-1871).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: E.W. Hubard and J.L. Hubard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Robert B. Lancaster; Elizabeth W. Lay; R. Bruce Lockhart; A.C. Leigh; William Leigh; Ellen McCaw; Rose M. MacDonald; F. Mark; Captain G. [Marvel]; Dido Mason; E.K.N. Massie; Alice W. Meade; Susan W. Miller; Edgar Miller; F.B. Minor; Mary W. Minor;  and M.M. Morris. \nTopics include work on the book about old homes of Hanover (Robert B. Lancaster, January 8, 1984); the fire at Hickory Hill (Elizabeth W. Lay, February 17, 1875); and notification of an ankle injury of Captain W. Leigh Wickham in Chattanooga, Tennessee while serving as paymaster for the Confederate army (Edgar Miller, May 2, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Agnes Lee, Annie C. Lee, Ann H. Lee, C.C. Lee; Mary Custis Lee; Richard Henry Lee (1794-1865) concerning the state literary fund and his proposed memoir of Richard A. Lee; Robert E. Lee, Jr. concerning the death of William F. Wickham (July 16, 1873); and William H.F. \"Rooney\"  Lee (1837-1891).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Elizabeth B. Nicholas, concerning the fall of New Orleans to Federal forces (April 30, 1862); Helen N. Patterson; Lt. Colonel William H. Payne; Virginia Porcher; Lucy Carter Renshaw (1838-1965) concerning damages suffered by the \"Shirley\" plantation during the Civil War battles (July 4, 1862); Amelie Louise Rives Troubetzkoy (1863-1945); and M.C. Rives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Carrie P. Nelson; F. Nelson; F.P. Nelson; Jane E. Nelson; Jenny Nelson concerning the capture of Confederate George Washington \"Wash\" Nelson near Smithfield (November 6, 1863) and the raids of the Yankee soldiers in the neighborhood against the local residents (undated Civil War letter); Judith? Nelson; M.W. Nelson concerning the death of Lucy Carter Wickham (January 17, 1835); Mary C. Nelson; Robert Nelson on board the ship Oriental with his friend John Lewis [Points?] (August 29, 1851); Rose Nelson; Virginia L. Nelson; and W. Nelson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Anne Rose Page; Elizabeth Burwell Page; John Page; Judith Nelson Page; Leila Page; and Thomas Nelson Page concerning his book about Italy and his visit to England (January 9, 1920).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: George William Shelton; Amelie Louise Sigourney; M.M. Smith; Walter N. Sprinkel; A.M. Stearns; Alexander H.H. Stuart writes of his fear of the future, suggests that Williams Carter Wickham and himself travel to Washington on business to meet with some of the Yankee magnates and discuss ways to end the Civil War and expresses his sorrow over the sundering of the Union (January 23, 1865); Alta E. Stumpf concerning the awakening of Russia and its development (June 29, 1931); J.V. Swearingen; Louisa Nivison Tazewell (1804-1873) describing the death of her father, former Virginia governor, Littleton Waller Tazewell (1774-1860) in her letter (May 16, 1860); Fannie W. Toler; and C. Vanderbilt, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Belle Taylor; Bertie Taylor; Edmund P. Taylor; Elizabeth Taylor; Henry Taylor; Henry Taylor, Jr., John Taylor; Julianna Dunlap Leiper Taylor (1801-1883); R.I. Taylor; and Susan W. Taylor.\nOne letter from Henry Taylor, Jr., July 31, 1877, includes a very detailed discussion about Professor Colonel Peters at the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: Davy Wallace; S. Gardner Waller; Louisa Webb; C.E. Wellford; Mary T. Williams; Captain W.L. Wingfield; Alice B. Winston; Philip B. Winston; and Beulah H.J. Woolston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: A.C.L. Wickham; Elizabeth S. Wickham; Fanny Wickham concerning the death of Ella Wickham (March 27, 1851); George Wickham; Julia L. Wickham; J.L. Wickham; L.A.C. Wickham; [L.V.] Wickham; M.F. Wickham; and Sarah Wickham.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include a description of the meeting of the trustees of the Peabody Fund for Education in the South, particularly Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple of Minnesota and his life among the indigenous native Americans, who he referred to as \"Indians\" (August 12, 1876).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include climate change (January 31, 1872); details of the career of his friend Custis, who died in 1872 and was a water commissioner in Boston (February 8, 1872); the influence of John C. Calhoun in ruining the whole South and his own state by men following his \"evil counsel\" (January 1, 1875); discussions of reading and current politics (January 8, 1875); description of Wickham's losses during the fire in February (March 13, 1875); mentions of Lord Byron, Charles Lamb, William Cullen Bryant and other literary figures (March 22, 1875); description of the Bunker Hill centennial (June 7, 1875); detailed discussion of the career of Patrick Henry (January 1, 1878); religious reading (March 13, 1878); and Richard Henry Dana, Jr. (December 11, 1878).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letters are chiefly social or agricultural but one, May 30, 1867, touches upon politics and international events and mentions Rives reading the biography of James Madison.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include the perils of travel by stage to Norfolk, Virginia, in winter (March 3, 1817); condolence letter upon the death of his friend, John Wickham, and reflections upon Wickham's importance in his own life as a mentor and friend and his singular character (January 26, 1839); the mention of Tazewell in the will of John Wickham (March 17 and April 1, 1839); ten inch snowfall in March and the economic difficulties of the country (March 21, 1843); discussion on the political issue on \"our title to Oregon\" (February 26, 1846); and Tazewell thanking William F. Wickham for his translations of Italian comedies, but does not think they merit the efforts of someone of Wickham's ability in the Italian language (July 15, 1849).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: William B. Bowers; E.E. Cooke; E.S. Holmes; E. Laurens; Robert E. Lee; L.M. Mason; N.W. Massie; Catharine H. Myers; [J.] R. Ritchie; E.R. Simons; Sue R. Simons; and Sallie P. Winston.\nThe letter from Robert E. Lee to his cousin, Anne B. Carter Wickham, November 11, 1862, hand-written copy, expresses his regret that her son, Williams Carter Wickham, has again been wounded but explains that he cannot spare Wickham from returning to duty in the army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the numerous correspondents are George Washington Custis Lee; Mildred Lee; W.H.F. Lee; General William Mahone; Francis H. Smith; and George D. Wise.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: John Minor discussing the two engravings, of General Marion and \"the Artist's Dream,\" sent by the Apollo Association for the Promotion of the Fine Arts in the United States and the current relations of the United States and England, especially as affected by the affair of the \"Creole\" (March 18 and October 12, 1842); Henry Clay declines an invitation to visit (February 22, 1848); John S. Mosby, concerning the service of the late Dr. James McClurg as a surgeon in the Revolutionary War (July 16 and August 6, 1849); Francis Robert Rives (1822-1891); Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) concerning politics and enslavement (February 15, 1850) and a visit (July 20, 1854); John R. Thompson, editor of the  \"Messenger,\" refusing an essay by Wickham defending the Mormons (December 4, 1850);  Edward Vernon Childe (1804-1861) writes concerning the peace negotiations during the Crimean War (December 18, 1855); and two drafts of a letter from Wickham to Robert E. Lee concerning the arrival of the Yankee cavalry at \"Hickory Hill,\" who carried off General W.H. F. Lee as a prisoner in Wickham's carriage as well as horses and enslaved laborers, and includes the report that Charlotte Lee's health is not good and that she is much distressed at her husband's capture (June 28, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include financial inquiry about Virginia's non-payment of the interest on state stock (January 17, 1872); the fire at Hickory Hill, Hanover County, Virginia (February 15, 1875); the voyage of William D. Shipman to England and his assessment of Thomas Jefferson's life and career (July 4, 1876); Wickham's analysis of State Trials of the United States by Francis Wharton, including his own memories of the James T. Callendar trial (June 19, 1876); and William D. Shipman's mention of seeing the effigy of ancestor William of Wykeham in Winchester, England and information about him (November 6, 1876).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include advice for Henry T. Wickham on entering the legal profession and the study of law (July 24, 1868); Robinson's work with a case in the Supreme Court concerning Allen T. Caperton (1810-1876) and his acts in West Virginia as Provost Marshal (April 15, 1872).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include the declaration of [William B.] Preston for the immediate secession of Virginia from the Union and Wickham's fear that \"the dogs of war will be let loose\" (April 16, 1861); two letters from Colonel [Beverly Holcombe] Robertson about missing and absent soldiers and his efforts to round them up (May 13 and 14, 1862); request for Wickham's support and vote for Robert H. Wynne as doorkeeper of the Confederate House of Representatives (December 24, 1863); John B. Baldwin informs Williams Carter Wickham that his nomination has not been acted upon (February 5, 1864) and two letters from John Taylor about family and home events during the Civil War (February 2 and 8, 1864).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include a letter from Robert E. Lee about Henry T. Wickham's attendance at Washington College in Lexington and Lee's plan to write a history about military campaigns in Virginia during the Civil War (October 3, 1865) and a draft of Wickham's reply to Lee in the hand of Lucy Wickham [October 13, 1865];  a draft of Wickham's letter to General W.H.F. Lee about contemporary politics (April 16, 1868); the formation of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad (September 17, 1868); Horace Greeley's comments on the progress of the railroads in Virginia (November 15, 1868); request and recommendation from Alexander H.H. Stuart on behalf of two job seekers in the railroad business (May 5, 1873); efforts of C.T. Smith to get Wickham elected (August 19, 1883); two congratulatory letters on the recent election of Wickham to the Virginia Senate from B. Johnson Barbour and John T. Harris (November 19, 1883); and a request for a donation towards a University of Virginia chapel from Schele de Vere (November 21, 1883).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe diary begins with an entry about the secession of South Carolina from the Union and continues with entries about the evacuation of Fort Moultrie and the removal of troops to Fort Sumter in South Carolina; each state that secedes from the Union is noted and mention made of the firing upon the steamer Star of the West at Charleston, South Carolina; Intermixed with news of the impending war are notes about building a henhouse, nests, the receipt of toys, and weather; his father [Williams Carter Wickham] as a candidate for the Virginia Secession Convention from Henrico (January 29, 1861); and ends with an entry for February 12, 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe diary mentions the following topics: the loan of a sharps rifle from George W. Randolph, supposedly owned before by John Brown and presented to the 1st [Virginia?] Regiment at Harper's Ferry; a four mile drive on the Petersburg Road to \"Strawberry Hill\" owned by Robert Edmond;  Judge and Mrs. Robertson leaving for \"Mount Athos\" their place in the country near Lynchburg, Virginia; double guard on \"the mills\" [Gallego Mills?]; the arrival of 1,000 men from Tennessee who went to the old fairgrounds; a drill by the \"Richland Rifles\" at the South Carolina camp; occupation of Alexandria by President Lincoln's troops; news of a battle at Bethel Church between Yorktown and Hampton; the departure of 2,000 troops for Manassas on June 13th; a visit to Camp Lee; examination of the fortifications below the city with locations noted; note that business is very slow since the commencement of the war; the meeting with Mr. and Mrs. Macfarland and General Lee at Mr. Lyon's [home?]; birth of a daughter [Elise Warwick Barksdale Wickham (1861-1952)] on August 28, 1861; note that he spent the last month with the 16th Virginia Regiment as Quartermaster at \"Camp Withers\" six miles from Norfolk; his orders to transfer to Colonel L. Smith's office as paymaster, September 13, 1861; and the death of cousin Fanny Townes, September 20, 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: lists of books purchased from Peter Cotton (October 20, 1816-January 27, 1817 and September 22, 1817); purchases of quills, paper, ink, chessmen, etc. (October 15, 1817); hires of enslaved laborers (January 25 and 27, 1817 and February 21, 1817); and a bill of sale for enslaved laborers (September 17, 1817).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: medical care for enslaved laborers from Dr. W.P. Jones (January 12, February 24 and 26, March 24, and June 24, 1818); a hire of an enslaved laborer (April 2, 1819); and a bill of sale for two male enslaved men (January 19, 1820).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: the return of a little boy, Joe Lewis, and little girl, Lucy, the property of William F. Wickham (September 28, 1821); payment to overseer William Lizer on \"South Wales\" plantation (January 26, 1821); and purchase of paper, ink, and books (July 7, 1821).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: the hire of an enslaved girl, Jenny (January 11, 1823).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: hiring of Nathaniel B. Priddy as overseer (1834-1835; 1837-1838, 1840); and a list of books and magazines, quills, pencils, and paper purchased (1836-1838).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: hiring of Samuel Bumpass as overseer (1842); the sale of an enslaved boy, Washington (January 6, 1843); hiring of Nathaniel B. Priddy as overseer (1843); sale of the enslaved woman, Nancy Wylde, and her two youngest children (May 23, 1843); and the sale of an enslaved man, Ned Davis (June 27, 1843).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: lists of books and writing supplies purchased (July 20, 1846; March 22 and April 16, 1847).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: lists of books and writing supplies purchased (February 1848; July 14, 1848; and October 4, 1849).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: lists of books purchased (January and November 1850); memoranda book containing the names of enslaved laborers (May 12, 1850); and the hire of enslaved men, Giles, Frank, and John from J.H. Wickham (1851).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: list of taxable property for William F. Wickham in 1853, includes 96 enslaved laborers over 16 years old and 116 enslaved laborers over twelve years old.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: partners listed for Warwick and Barksdale at the \"Gallego Mills\" following the death of William J. Barksdale (February 15 and July 2, 1860).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: theft of stock certificates, bank book, and checks from Williams Carter at the \"North Wales\" plantation during a Yankee raid (May 31, 1864); copy of the last will and testament of Williams Carter with a codicil dated July 30, 1864, freeing his two enslaved women, Margaret and Sally, with any offspring that they have as soon as peace shall be established in the country (July 17, 1864); an enslaved mulatto girl named Sally was lent to Anne Butler Berkeley by Williams Carter (August 10, 1864); indenture concerning the former plantations and property of Williams Carter, Sr. including \"North Wales\" and \"Broad Neck\" (May 16, 1867); and payroll lists (April 1, 1868).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: receipts for work in the coal banks, Clifton, West Virginia (1873).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: a valuation of personal property at \"North Wales\" plantation; valuation of real estate of Mr. [Abraham] Warwick made by commissioners, including factories, blacksmith shop, houses, lots, and a Brookfield farm; and a list of the names of enslaved laborers, with their evaluations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese three oversize items include an indenture between Betty Littlepage and Charles Carter of Corotoman (May 5, 1768); a deed of trust from Carter B. Page and Rebecca Page to Thomas Taylor and Benjamin Harrison (June 17, 1817); and an indenture concerning Catherine Page, \"Broad Neck\" and Williams Carter (March 11, 1822).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe oversize deeds and indentures include those signed by Carter B. and Rebecca Page and Thomas Taylor (June 7, 1817); an indenture between John Wickham, Edward Carrington, Daniel Call, and Littleton Waller Tazewell (March 17, 1800); an indenture between Harry and Anna Terrell and Charles Carter (October 7, 1769); an indenture between James Littlepage and Joel Terrell (April 23, 1751); an indenture between John Littlepage and John Carter (March 2, 1735); and a bill of sale for two male enslaved men, Billy and Cyrus (January 15, 1820).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese include a list with the heading \"A List of My Slaves, such as I wish to keep, such as I may wish to sell and may wish to send to the West\" with names, ages, special skills or jobs, and their evaluations on the \"Rocky Mills\" and \"South Wales\" plantations belonging to Edmund Fanning Wickham in 1835; an account of the sale of land and enslaved laborers at \"Rocky Mills\" in November 1842 with the name of the purchaser, name of the enslaved laborer and the prices; a list of enslaved laborers treated by Dr. J.P. Harrison (April 24, 1844; July 1845; July 1848); list of William F. Wickham's enslaved laborers by age category (1843); the evaluation of an enslaved man, Tom Christian and his entire family (December 22, 1846); a list of named enslaved laborers with their ages belonging to the estate of Dr. James McClurg, Hanover County, Virginia, with evalutions by W. O. Winston (January 18, 1852); a list of 209 named enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] (January 1854); a list of 269 named enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] (January 1859); a list of enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] who were either carried off the plantation by Yankee forces or left of their own accord during the Civil War (1862-1864); and one list of enslaved men between the ages of 18 and 55 with the notation that two are in Confederate service, 14 remain on the plantation and 33 have left and gone to the enemy (January 31, 1865) and another list of enslaved laborers that went to the enemy by year, 120 in all [1865].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese six oversize items include four land grant certificates to Edmund F. Wickham and Edwin P. Crenshaw; a London Medical Society membership certificate for Dr. James Maclurg (1784); a letter from Lucy Nelson (1835).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe oversize plats include one for \"North Wales\" plantation belonging to Charles Carter, October 4, 1779; a plat of \"South Wales\" and Lane plantations, Hanover County, according to the division of January 1818, but updated on May 21, 1858; a plat showing the part of \"South Wales\" plantation allotted to Anne B. Carter, the purchase of land by W.F. Wickham from Thomas Carter, and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation purchased by W.F. Wickham from the estate of George W. Smith, November 27, 1825; plat of \"Verdon\" Hanover County, Virginia, belonging to the estate of John T. Anderson (December 1, 1865); and an undated plat showing parcels of land west of the Missouri River, apparently belonging to Thomas Gorham and a Wickham family member, 4 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese six oversize items include a survey of the Broad Neck or Big Neck tract for Thomas C. Nelson (September 8, 1818); survey of the Lane tract, part of the South Wales Estate (January 1818); plat of the Lane tract, South Wales and Hickory Hill (January 1818); fields laid off and numbered from a survey of W.F. Wickham's river fields (February 16, 1837); surveys no. 137 and no. 146 in Saline County, Missouri for Edmund F. Wickham (1841); diagram of land plots to the west of the Missouri River and the 5th principal meridian, presumably in Missouri [1841-1842?].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material includes a recollection of George Wythe by William F. Wickham (1874); and the first recollection of General Robert E. Lee by Anne Carter Wickham Renshaw Byerly, written in a letter to her brother Henry (undated); biographical sketches of Captain William C. Wickham, U.S. Navy (April 19, 1962 and September 1985), John Wickham (undated), and General Williams Carter Wickham (undated); and history of \"Hickory Hill\" (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamilies discussed include Fanning, Leiper, Martian, Peyton, Pye, Tabb and Barksdale, Taylor, Warwick, and Wingfield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis includes a report of [3rd (Wickham's) Virginia Cavalry Brigade] near Front Royal, Virginia (August 23, 1864).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes such items as the weather at Hickory Hill (1857); a prayer of Bishop Meade (1861); printed advertisement for a catalog of attorneys (1875); damaged circular from a Rochester nursery (1882); a horse pedigree (undated); and \"Notes on Planting Box at Williamsburg\" by Arthur A. Shurcliff (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese include Wickham's notes concerning the \"Home Reminiscences of John Randolph, of Roanoke\" by Powhatan Bouldin, the benefits of lime and marl, and W.W. Mac Farland's address.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese include [Julia L. Wickham], \"Peliso\" Orange, Virginia, gardens in Rome, [Hickory Hill], Captain Williams C. Wickham, U.S. Navy, and an unidentified boy taken by Tyson and Perry, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Wickham family papers (1704-1950; 9.5 cubic feet) consist of papers of Richmond, Virginia and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation in Hanover County, Virginia, including the families of John Wickham (1763-1839), his son, William Fanning Wickham (1793-1880), grandson, Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), and great-grandson, Henry Taylor Wickham (1849-1943). ","The collection contains business correspondence, chiefly concerning legal and agricultural pursuits; family correspondence with immediate and extended relatives; personal correspondence from friends and political associates; two brief diaries discussing the secession and the beginning of the Civil War; financial and legal papers, including lists of books purchased, hires of enslaved laborers, the purchase of enslaved laborers, medical care for enslaved laborers, losses from invading soldiers during the Civil War, estate values, including those of enslaved laborers, indentures, deeds, receipts, plats and surveys, and lists of enslaved laborers by name and age; genealogies and genealogical charts; invitations and calling cards; military papers of General Williams Carter Wickham in the Civil War and Captain Williams Carter Wickham, U.S. Navy; news clippings; some notes and manuscripts of William F. Wickham; a few photographs and snapshots; poetry; hand-written recipes; school papers; and sympathy and greeting cards. ","There is also a hand drawn map of Hickory Hill plantation, the Wickham family estate which may have been drawn by a descendant of an enslaved laborer. It shows a diagram of \"Mammy's House\" and surrounding buildings that were revisited in the 1980's. The pages following the illustration name African Americans who were still living and working at Hickory Hill estate in the early 1900's. Mentioned are the families of John Robinson, Albert Cash,  Henry Toliver, Edith Jackson, Matt Foley, Maria Tucker, Ruben Lewis,Landonia Lewis, ALec Hewlett, Louisa and Albert Jackson, Henry Abrams, Betty Jackson, John Abram and Roselyn, Milton Hewlett, and Virginia Shelton.","Topics include the Civil War, the relationships between family members in both the North and the South, and attitudes toward secession; many aspects of enslavement, often naming the enslaved laborers involved; Virginia and national politics; the practice of agriculture in Virginia; the education of the children of Virginia planters, including attendance at the Howard School, Episcopal High School, Washington College and the University of Virginia; military service of General Williams Carter Wickham (1820-1888), Captain William Carter Wickham (1887-1985), and other Wickham relatives.  ","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include:, John Slidell and Co., Thomas C. Keaton, William Lyne, W.P. Mason, W.T. Nivison, William B. Page, Philip Rogers, Thomas Rotch, Penn T. Sale, John M. Shepherd, Peter F. Smith, Thomas Strode, William Sullivan, Thomas Swann, Richard Wallack, Ralph Wingfield, Alice B. Winston, and Zach Vowels","Correspondents, chiefly with Edmund F. Wickham, include: Williams Carter (1819), Archibald Gracie and Robert Gracie (1821), and multiple correspondents in 1822: Curwen and Hagarty, Samuel John Dunlop, King and Gracie, Samuel Lambert, and Robert Hughes and Co.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: James Dunlop, Ninian Edwards, John Ferguson, C.B. Fleet, William Fleet, Robert Gracie, Francis Gregg, James Hagarty, George E. Harrison, James Henderson, L. Jones, T. Jones, and Robert King.","Letters involving enslavement or enslaved laborers include one from L. Jones, asking for protection for \"old Billy\" and mentioning other issues concerning the welfare of enslaved laborers, January 2, 1823, and another letter from Ninian Edwards discussing the possible purchase of a female enslaved laborer for the wife of Dr. Harvey Lane, January 13, 1823.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Henry Arnall, Curwen and Hagarty, [J.] Dunlop, Ninian Edwards, C.B. Fleet, John G. Gamble, Robert G. Harper, George E. Harrison, Jones and Rodes, Hardage Lane, C.C. Lee, Lewis and Tomes, George Marx, John Morgan, and Charles Morris.","Letters involving enslavement include the inquiry by Robert G. Harper, May 5, 182[3], for information about the \"present condition, conduct, and prospects\" of some manumitted enslaved laborers formerly belonging to Samuel Gist who were freed in his will. He also asks for  the name and address of some respectable and intelligent person in the area where the freed formerly enslaved laborers now live who can send a report to Gist's relatives.","Correspondents, chiefly Edmund F. Wickham and William F. Wickham, include: Curwen and Hagarty, James Dunlop, John Dunlop, William Logan Fisher, William Fleet, George Greenhow, George E. Harrison, B.B. Keesee, Robert King, Thomas Kelly, Hardage Lane, Lewis and Tomes, Charles F. Logan, William Lyne, and  Robert and John Oliver. One letter mentions a runaway enslaved man, named Joe, December 18, 1823.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: David Barclay, John H. Blair, Carter Braxton, William Burns, William L. Dance, S.W. Dandridge, Aaron Denman, Robert Douthat, Ninian Edwards, William Fleet, Gillingham and Randolphs (G.F. and E. Randolph), James Hagerty, George E. Harrison, John Hopkins, and Thomas and John G. Riddle.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Richard Anderson, John Balfour, Thomas and John S. Biddle, Carter Braxton, William Burns, Hugh Campbell, Robert Douthat, and Gillingham and Randolphs (G.F. and E. Randolph).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Carter Berkeley, Carter Braxton, Roger Mallory, Thomas Nelson, and William F. Wickham to Thomas B. Coleman. Roger Mallory, the jailor in Petersburg, Virginia, writes concerning a runaway enslaved man named Jim who finally admitted he belonged to William F. Wickham. Jim had originally claimed to belong to Price Sharpe who was charged with permitting him to \"go at large contrary to law,\" and hire himself out, March 19, 1827.","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: G.H. Bacchus, Thomas T. Bouldin, Thomas B. Coleman, M. Huelin,  Benjamin Whitehead Ladd, W.H. McFarland, William Nelson, John W. Payne, William G. Pendleton, M.E.M. Roane, and A.B. Spooner. Topics include the reception of freed former enslaved laborers in Ohio (Benjamin W. Ladd, March 4, 1830); and the [Samuel?] Gist estate (John M. Payne, April 22, 1830).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Patrick Nesbett Edgar, John Exall, Chapman Johnson, Thomas N. Lee, John Ponsonby Martin, William Nelson, Severn E. Parker, A. Robinson, Jr., William Rowlett, J.S. Skinner, Benjamin Temple, Robert Temple, Thomas Biddle and Company, and John R. Triplett. Topics include: blue wheat (Benjamin and Robert Temple, July 4, 1830 and August 4, 1830); American turf and racing magazine (August 3, 1830; September 1, 1830; October 19, 1830); and a collection of pedigrees for an American Stud Book (October 13, 1830).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: J.D. Andrews, John Corbin, Alfred V. Crenshaw, Crouches and Snead, Gracie and Company, James Gray, Richard B. Haxall, William Hilberg, James Lyle, and Francis Page. Topics include problems with a horse purchased from Wickham (November 15, 1838), the safe arrival of the Andrews family in Houston, Texas (January 28, 1839), and the sending of an enslaved man named Jefferson to fetch two mules from Wickham (April 22, 1839).","Correspondents, chiefly with William F. Wickham, include: Beers and Poindexter, Robert M. Candlish, John S. Corbin, Robert Ellett, William Linton, A.T.B. Merritt, Nathaniel Nelson, J.W. Pegram, W. Richardson, Thomas Samson, John Shore, John N. Tazewell, James G. Watson, and William L. White. Topics include mention of the horse \"Priam\" at Merritt's Hicks Ford stud in Virginia and the failure of Wickham's Eclipse mare to foal last spring (May 11, 1842); the dire condition of the [enslaved man?] old Bob Clark and his family on the land of Nathanael Nelson and attempts to provide for their care (June 15 and July 11, 1842); and a discussion of improvements to Wickham's bevel wheel (July 11, 1842) by Thomas Samson of D.J. Burr and Company.","Correspondents include: John S. Corbin, Nathanael Cross, William Dorbaker, Thomas Ellis and Charles Ellis, Robert G. Gilman, J.H. Martin, [S.H.] Parker, James L. Pendleton, James A. Seddon, Jane J. Swann, George Taylor, John N. Tazewell, William L. White, and John Wight. Topics include lumber needed for a penitentiary and a possible list of enslaved laborers written in pencil on an address portion of the letter (October 10, 1842).","Correspondents include: Warwick Barksdale, John Barr, Samuel Cottrell, Richard Gwathmey, John Struthers and Son, Lucius Minor, William Nelson, Lucien B. Price, Richard Randolph, Edmund Ruffin, William D. Taylor, John N. Tazewell, Philip B. Winston, and Richard M. Young (General Land Office). Topics include the sale of two enslaved women (January 29, 1845).","Correspondents include: Warwick Barksdale, Wellington Goddin, Phineas Janney, C.C. Lee, Thomas Nelson, Bernard Peyton, [Lucien] B. Price, John T. Rogers, Edmund Ruffin, Robert Taylor, J.R. Underwood, William F. Watson, Joseph Wingfield, and Philip B. Winston. Topics include a description of damage to the property of Joseph Wingfield by the breakage of the mill dam of Wickham (March 12, 1848).","Correspondents include: John Gibson, G.W. Goode, Richard Gwathmey, Benjamin F. Larned (1794-1862), William Leigh, Thomas Nelson, John E. Page, James A. Seddon, Alexander H.H. Stuart, William F. Watson, Hugh A. Watt, W.C. Wickham (to James M. Ford), Edmund Winston, and William Overton Winston. Topics include the shipment of some prairie birds and directions for their care (December 23, 1849); lists of enslaved laborers for hire, including \"old Fanny,\" Nancy and her three children, and Betsy (January 1, 1850); request for information about the amount due on account of the division of the \"Negroes\" or enslaved laborers (March 5, 1850); William F. Wickham as the guardian of the minor heirs of Robert C. Wickham (April 20, 1850); the offer of the use of a Southdown buck for sheep breeding (July 12, 1850); the increase of visitors to the mountains of Virginia, especially at White Sulphur Springs, the Warm Springs, and the Hot Springs (August 5, 1850); the purchase of stained glass (November 19 and 23, 1850); the return of an enslaved woman who was a wet nurse, \"Mamma Betsy\" hired the year before for his little boy (July 28, 1849; November 5, 1850); and an opinion about Jenny Lind (December 20, 1850).","Correspondents include: Alexander Hew, John F. Lay, [Laudonier] J. Randolph; Robert L. Randolph, Allen P. Richardson, William Sayre, William F. Wickham, and Thomas Wight. \nTopics include the redemption of land in Saline County, Missouri (September 13, 1853) and the settlement with McClurg Wickham, Littleton Waller Tazewell Wickham, and John Wickham concerning a loan from John Henry Wickham to them on August 11, 1851 (May 28, 1858).","Correspondents include: J.A. Allen, David Anderson, Jr., A.W. Ball, Ann B. Berkeley, the Reverend P.F. Berkeley, George H. Byrd (Wyman, Byrd and Co. Commission Merchants), [Magrat] Davis, R.B. Davis, Robert Johnston, J.H. Montague, H.C. Parsons, James H. Storrs, John R. Taylor, James Usher, and William F. Wickham (drafts to Ann B. Berkeley, the Reverend P.F. Berkeley, and B.W. Green). \nTopics include: the question in the legislature concerning the payment of legacies given in Confederate money between 1862-1865 (March 10, 1866); difficulties in settling court cases in West Virginia following the Civil War (November 16, 1866); a request from a woman for legal help in keeping her inheritance in her name and under her control rather than her husband's as her current lawyer advised (April 25, 1867); and reports on the \"North Wales\" farm (May 20, 27, and 31, 1870).","Correspondents include: James L. Apperson, W.W. Baldwin, Lewis D. Crenshaw, Jr., Isaac Davis, L.R. Dickinson, Maynard Dyson,  James S. Earle and Sons, George William Gibson, Charles Herndon, J.M. Hill, I.M. Parr and Son (Commission Merchants), J. Sabin and Sons (Booksellers, Printsellers and Importers), Walter C. Jones, A.C. Loomis, J.H. Montague, Henry Parry, G. Peyton, Joseph T. Priddy, R.H. Maury and Co. (Stock and Exchange Brokers), J.W. Ratcliffe, C.T. Smith, E.D. Starke, A.T. Stewart, W.T. Tinsley, H. Wernich, William F. Wickham (draft to L. Upshur Evans), and Wright and Co., Rio de Janeiro. \nTopics include: the sale of property in Richmond, Virginia, of a former brewery belonging to the estate of David G. Yuengling, Jr. along the James River called the \"James River Steam Brewery\" (August 16, 1879).","Correspondents include: George B. Butler, Alexander Kaslovistsh, and John Watkins.","Alvis discusses the farm operations of the East Tuckahoe Plantation.","The company sends sketches and discusses the replacement of the mantle damaged in the house fire at Hickory Hill.","Discusses the oak tobacco boxes supplied by Edmund F. Wickham from \"Rocky Mills\" plantation.","Correspondence is chiefly with William F. Wickham and Williams Carter Wickham. Topics include concern about the \"military bill\" in the South as a way for Congress to get at the landed property there (March 4, 1867); Wickham's fondness for memoirs and other mentions of reading (December 17, 1868; May 30, 1873; June 15 and 20, 1875; February 11, 1876; May 4, 1877; July 2, 1880); and the offer of building supplies currently at \"Broad Neck\" in order to rebuild the house at \"Hickory Hill\" after a fire (February 16, 1875).","Correspondence is chiefly with William F. Wickham and Williams Carter Wickham. Topics include the financial affairs of their cousin Georgina L. Featherstonhaugh (September 24 and October 28, 1879).","Topics include Carter's impressions of Bristol College, Bucks County, Pennsylvania (October 18, 1834); complaints about the western states and their impact upon agricultural prices and politics, mentioning James Buchanan by name (July 17, 1846); suggestion that the enslaved laborers belonging to their nephews, Robert and John Wickham, be sold to pay the debt of their education (June 18, 1847); mention of a violent snowstorm that occurred just after he had returned home on a gunboat following a period of being nursed by his sister at \"Hickory Hill\" (November 8, 1862); and the death of Julia Wickham (July 16, 1873).","Correspondents include C.P. Huntington (President), Henry Taylor Wickham, and Williams C. Wickham and J.S.F. Smith (Paint Creek Depot) concerning the opening of the coal mines on the land purchased from the Hansford heirs and the employment of miners in Kanawha County, West Virginia.","Correspondents include C.P. Huntington (President), Henry Taylor Wickham, and Williams C. Wickham and J.S.F. Smith (Paint Creek Depot) concerning the opening of the coal mines on the land purchased from the Hansford heirs and the employment of miners in Kanawha County, West Virginia.","Letters concern lands held by Reuben Jenkins and John Henry Wickham in Saline County, Missouri.","Letters discuss matters concerning the Louisa Railroad, which was chartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1836, and renamed the Virginia Central Railroad in 1850, with Fontaine as its longtime president.","Correspondence is concerned with securing payment on the accounts of John Wickham and Littleton W. T. Wickham, brothers of William F. Wickham by an immediate sale of livestock and agricultural goods.","Mentions the illness of President Monroe and his own wife, Eliza Kortright Monroe Hay, the daughter of Monroe (August 4, 1823) and expresses disparaging remarks concerning a Yankee business associate (October 19, 1823).","Topics include a request to help in the administration of the estate of Dr. McClurg (March 2, 1839); fears about the possible death of his son, Thomas, in [Mississippi?] (June 22, 1839); instructions about the purchase of summer clothing for the enslaved laborers by Alvis (April 21, 1840); mention that there are 70 enslaved laborerss associated with the \"Rocky Mills\" plantation of Edmund Wickham and 40 additional enslaved laborers associated with his father's [John Wickham] estate (July 28, 1842). Much of the correspondence in general deals with the settling of the estate of John Wickham (1763-1839).","Discusses arrangements for the support of Mr. Harrison's children and his disappointment with Dr. Selden.","Letter of introduction from Henry Clay for Mr. Bainbridge of Kentucky to John Wickham.","Kerr requests copies of any ordinances or laws concerning lands either given or planned to be given by the state of Virginia to the officers and soldiers who served in either the Continental Army or the Virginia state militia for use in the United States Court in Ohio.","Discusses the best way to secure the claim of Dr. McClurg for surgeon pay during his service in the Continental Army, keeping in mind that the United States will soon find a use for surplus money and mentions Henry Clay as doing a great deal of good [in Congress?].","Recommends that they make sure that Dr. [James] McClurg's will is recorded in Kentucky.","Notifies Wickham that he has located among his scorched papers enough information to send him a transcript of all he knows or remembers about the bonds of Mr. Balfour and invites him to visit Studley, Virginia.","Mentions the health concerns of family members and friends in Baltimore, Maryland.","Describes the worsening physical condition of Walter [Maclurg Wickham?]  in Baltimore, Maryland.","Notifies Wickham about the death of Walter [Maclurg Wickham?] in Baltimore, Maryland.","Requests Wickham provide the wording to a decree that would enable a sale of his property in Richmond, Virginia, to proceed since his power of attorney, Mr. Botts, was unable to perform his duties.","One letter, March 24, 1820, incomplete, last page only, John Randolph of Roanoke writes concerning Stephen Decatur's death. In a second letter, April 1, 1820,   part of the letter and autograph signature excised, John Randolph of Roanoke thanks Wickham for his indulgence and civility in the matter of his father's estate and mentions [Littleton Waller] Tazewell's move to Norfolk.,","Topics include: request for advice on a business proposition concerning property offered by Mr. Page as security for the payment of Tazewell's stock (July 4 and 9, 1819); Tazewell's current ill health (November 26, 1819); criticism of President John Quincy Adams and a description of a duel between Henry Clay and John Randolph of Roanoke (April 8, 1826); and damages suffered during a hurricane (October 14, 1838).","Letters concerns legal work performed by Wickham for Richardson.","Expresses concern over several outbreaks of cholera among citizens and enslaved laborers on the plantation.","Writes from White Sulphur Springs about the convalescence of Susan [Decatur Wickham (1819 -1831)].","John Wickham addresses business matters in his absence on a trip to Philadelphia, sending four letters from stops in Washington, Baltimore, New York and Philadelphia.","He discusses the prospects for the wheat crop, the demand for flour in [American] towns and South America, and reports on his conversations with Mr. Haxall about pricing if the crop is delivered early (May through August 1830) and the last letter mentions their pleasant stay at the Sulphur Springs and Sweet Springs and the journey home, the drought in Kentucky and Ohio, and \"this new explosion in France\" (September 24, 1830).","Wickham writes to his son William F. Wickham with concerns about his wheat crop, a notification of an outbreak of disease at Howard School for boys from Jonathan Loring Woart, and the preoccupation of the Virginia General Assembly over internal improvements (January 29 and May 30, 1834); the design of a mill powered by water (February 21, 1834); discussions about the Bank of Virginia and the elections (April 17 and 21, 1834); discussions about possible schools for their boys and rumors of a duel in Washington (September 28, 1834); discusses the President's message (December 7, 1834); an enslaved laborer, sick with cholera, who was believed to be dead several times, appears to be recovering partly due to work of Dr. McCaw (December 18, 1834); and politics in Washington (December 24, 1834).","Wickham writes to his son William F. Wickham with concerns about his wheat crop (July 6, 1837) and to his sons at the University of Virginia, George and Littleton W.T. Wickham with advice about their studies, especially geology and the study of soils, and their visit to the Natural Bridge (May 15, 1837).","The letters written during a trip to New England by William F. Wickham and Anne Wickham mention seeing the effects of a great drought all over the northeast, speculations about the wheat crop, poor corn crop of the current year, Littleton at the University of Virginia and George reporting for duty in Washington in the U.S. Navy (September 13, 17, and 25, 1838); news about the wheat market and John Wickham's health (November 20 and December 12, 1838); and news about the opening of the [James River and Kanawha Canal] and its advantages for Richmond, Virginia (December 20, 1838).","Wirt asks for Wickham's advice concerning the rights of the widow in the estate of John Ellis (December 21, 1815); in another letter, October 10, 1830, autograph signature excised, Wirt asks for his advice and support in the case of the Cherokee Nation versus the state of Georgia, argued by Wirt before the Supreme Court; and in a third undated letter, Wirt discusses a property case involving Colonel Byrd and Mr. Harrison of Berkeley and lots in Manchester and Richmond, Virginia.","Includes two letters mentioning visits by Yankees to Hickory Hill and the taking of her father as a prisoner (May 27, 1862; August 4, 1862); also includes a letter from Robert E. Lee to his cousin, Miss Annie Wickham [later Anne Carter Wickham Renshaw Byerly], Lee promises to stop by \"Hickory Hill\" to visit if at all possible on his way back to Lexington, autograph signature excised from the letter (May 23, 1870).","Letters through March 1883 are written from Port Oratava to Henry T. Wickham but in April 1883 the Renshaw's began their journey home, settling in New Market and then Boyce, Virginia, by the turn of the century; In 1906, Annie writes from the University of Virginia about Robert H. Renshaw's poor health which continues until his death in 1910.","These letters are chiefly undated, but she appears to continue her correspondence with her uncle after the death of her Aunt Anne in1868, chiefly written from New York.","Leigh mentions the death of Lizzie Wickham (February 27, 1862); General Johnston and his prospects in the Tennessee area (March 25, 1863); and the death of Mrs. Carter, probably Mary B. Randolph Carter (August 6, 1864).","One letter, September 16, 1836, described a duel between her brother James and John Chapman, which ended in reconciliation between the two men.","Contains one letter, August 17, 1863, concerning the Civil War, from Chattanooga, Tennessee, shortly before his death following his wounding and capture.","Topics include the preparation to leave for France with her husband, William Cabell Rives, appointed minister to France (June 26, 1829); and their return to Paris, France (August 2, 1851).","One letter, written from the Warm Springs Hospital, discusses Taylor's health problems and the recent Battle of Cheat Mountain (October 2, 1861).","Two letters are written from China, one from Chefoo [present day Yantai] and the second from Tsingtao, while her husband, Captain Williams C. Wickham (1887-1985) was serving in the U.S. Asiatic Fleet.","One letter from Williams Carter Wickham expresses his pleasure at her engagement to his son, Henry Taylor Wickham (August 26, 1885).","These letters are chiefly to her husband, Henry, while staying at the Homestead, Hot Springs, Virginia, (1911) and White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia (1913) for her health but two letters are to her son, Captain Williams Carter Wickham during his journey to join the Asiastic fleet (1924).","Early letters are chiefly from his grandparents, William F. and Anne Wickham, and the letters in 1864 are between Henry and his parents, Williams C. and Lucy Wickham","One letter mentions the death of his grandmother, Anne B. Carter Wickham (February 26, 1868); four letters were written as a University of Virginia student (October 17, 24, and 31, 1869; and May 8, 1870); and one letter from Henry to his son, Captain Williams C. Wickham, congratulating him on his engagement to Credilla Miller (October 2, 1911).","John Wickham writes concerning land in Franklin County, Missouri, belonging to the estate of John Wickham (July 11, 1850).","During the Civil War, Leigh Wickham received an appointment in the Confederate Quartermaster department at Memphis, Tennessee (September 13 and 19, and December 8, 1861); reports that the people of Mississippi were frightened of General Grant's army (December 23, 1862); and mentions the hanging of Colonel Lawrence Orton Williams as a Confederate spy by the Federals (June 14, 1863).","Correspondence includes one letter from Williams Carter Wickham while at the University of Virginia concerning the results of Professor Rogers' analysis of Edmund's specimens of marl (January 16, 1838).","Contains two letters from W.F. Wickham, Jr. as a student at the University of Virginia (December 19, 1848 and January 12, 1849).","Includes letters written as a student at the Episcopal High School of Virginia, Fairfax, Virginia (1874-1878) and the University of Virginia (1878-1883).","While his father is away in New York and Boston, Williams Carter Wickham sends reports on the activities and condition of the plantation, including illness and death among the enslaved laborers (September 7, 1845; September 15, 1848). Williams Carter Wickham writes with further reports to his father hoping to catch him still at Bowling Green (August 30, 1849); and Williams describes a trip with his wife Lucy to New York and on to Quebec (August 27, 1855).","This folder contains references to the participation of Williams Carter Wickham in the First Battle of Bull Run (July 24, 1861, and August 1861); rumors of possible attacks on Arlington and Alexandria and Norfolk (September 2, 1861); discussion about the ramifications of the seizure of James Murray Mason and John Slidell on board the RMS Trent by Union Captain Charles Wilkes (December 8, 1861); and W. Leigh Wickham's commission as assistant quartermaster with rank of captain (December 20, 1861). During the recent visit of William F. Wickham with General Robert E. Lee, Lee reported on the sufferings of the army in the west [1861].","Williams Carter Wickham shares his weariness of the war and announces himself as a candidate for Congress (May 15, 1863); William F. Wickham voices his concern over scarcity of food in Richmond and near Charlottesville to Lucy Penn Taylor Wickham (January 19, 1864); and William F. Wickham fears that Lee cannot maintain communications to the south and wishes he had nothing more to do with land or enslaved laborers if only his son were home in peace (June 28, [1864]).","This folder contains references to the participation of Williams Carter Wickham in the First Battle of Bull Run (July 22-23, 27, and 31, 1861).","Wickham is in Cavalry Camp, 5th Brigade and attached to Colonel Cocke's Brigade and has a complete blacksmith shop and blacksmith fixed up with his company but requires clothes for his [enslaved?] personal attendant, Robin (September 1, 1861); Many letters discuss conditions of camp life for an officer in the Confederate forces and the efforts of family at home to supply the needs and wants of their own family members in the forces but also those of other soldiers, such as clothing. The letters also show a desire to establish a local hospital for the troops like the ones run by the ladies in Fredericksburg, Virginia (September 4, 1861); Wickham writes from his camp at Fairfax Courthouse about opportunities for drilling the troops, his resignation of his seat in the Convention and in the Virginia Senate, his increasing concerns over the conduct of the war in the last two months, and the injurious effect of the capture of Fort Hatteras in North Carolina to the South (September 6, 1861); news that his son, Henry T. Taylor, is intensely reading the novels of Sir Walter Scott to the detriment of his studies (September 26, 1861); clothing made by the ladies of the community shipped off to the troops (October 12, 1861); Wickham currently at Union Mills (October 22, 1861); the difficulties of Lizzie Fry in getting a permit to leave to go home (October 24, 1861); and Wickham's meeting with General [Jeb] Stuart with whom he is very pleased (October 27, 1861).","Wickham writes a very detailed letter about the detrimental effects of fighting the Civil War on their own home soil, his dinner with General Cocke, whose ardor for the war has cooled considerably, the wasting of their best resources in an unnatural strife, and the devastation wrought by both occupying armies (November 3, 1861); and mention of Colonel Robertson and General Stuart (November 7, 13, and 29, 1861). \nWriting from Camp Frontier after an absence of three days, he describes a plan for a force of  nine companies of cavalry and three regiments of infantry, all under General Stuart, to cut off an enemy encampment near Alexandria, but this was prevented by the arrival of more Federal forces in the area near Pohick Church and describes his activities as a member of the scouting party (November 13, 1861); furnishes a description of his strategy when in new territory (November 21, 1861); shares his belief that the Yankees will advance along the Evansport line, chiefly by water, but with a land force on the telegraph road, otherwise believes that they will go into winter quarters (November 24, 1861); and repeats a report from Mr. Porcher [of South Carolina?] that some of the coloured people had been shot by the Confederates and that some of the people offered to work on the entrenchments for the Yankees for pay (November 28, 1861). \nWickham is still waiting for word on any advancement against the enemy and a describes the Federal forces arrayed against Virginia (December 4, 1861); Wickham shares his wish to command a full regiment of cavalry if he cannot have his first  preference to be at home with Lucy, his shock at hearing about the death of Mr. [Cooke?] and his efforts to secure a furlough for Church to go home for the funeral (December 14, 1861).","Wickham writes about the following topics, a story about Lt. Colonel Thomas L. Kane, commander of the Bucktail Rifles of Northern Pennsylvania and a relative (January 2, 1862); General Johnston likes Wickham's bill for the better organization of the army (January 8, 1862); Wickham's [enslaved?], attendant, Robin, has built a wonderful shelter for the horses in their winter camp (January 8, 1862); Wickham's return to Camp Ewell after his furlough (January 29, 1862); his disapproval of the bill in the Senate concerning the Virginia forces (February 4, 1862); and his concerns over the reorganization of his regiment (February 15, 1862).","Topics include the alarm of the people in the area north of the Rappahannock where people are abandoning their homes and \"Negroes\" or enslaved laborers are going northward by the hundreds (March 14, 1862); bivouacking comfortably near Brandy Station (April 4, 1862); and reports that their new location is twelve miles below Williamsburg and five miles from Yorktown at \"Blows Mill\" and that they are short on provisions (April 18, 22 and 24, 1862).","Topics include writing from Sudley Mills describes recent events that have greatly reduced his regiment and prevented his communicating with his family, noting that with 200 men Wickham charged the 12th Pennsylvania Cavalry 800 strong, routing them and capturing a large number, mentioning that General Ewell has lost a leg [during the battle of Groveton] (August 30, 1862); currently near Frederick, Maryland (September 7, 1862); yesterday at Sharpsburg, Maryland, \"fought probably the most desperate battle of the war\" [Battle of Antietam], Wickham lost twenty  men killed, wounded or missing, W.H.F. Lee's horse fell with him, Lt. Colonel Thornton of the 3rd had his arm torn by a shell and died of shock, Hill Carter received two severe wounds at Boonsborough and was left in the hands of the enemy, very difficult to find anything to eat, as local people will not sell them anything, and Thomas L. Kane was just made a Brigadier General in the Union army (September 18 and 21, 1862).\nReports on his safe return from an expedition to Pennsylvania with 1800 men (October 14 and 19, 1862); details of the cavalry raid to collect horses from Mercersburg, Chambersburg, and Emmitsburg (October 19, 1862); troops destroying the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (October 21, 1862);  his participation recently in a serious battle with losses of 1500 killed or wounded [Battle of Fredericksburg], with the town of Fredericksburg totally devastated and mentions activities of Major General Ambrose Burnside (December 15 and 18, 1862).","Topics include the rejection of his resignation by the Secretary of War (January 15, 1863); staying with General Robert E. Lee at Culpeper Courthouse (March 1, 1863); discussion of the [Battle of Chancellorsville] (May 8, 1863 copy); spent the day with Lee who was in good spirits but without any hope of quick termination of the war and who would not allow his resignation, and General Jackson said to be dangerously ill with pleurisy (May 10, 1863); mentions the death of General Jackson and his fears for the safety of General Lee who he describes in appreciative terms (May 11, 1863); and describes his visit to General Lee's headquarters and assesses the results of recent battles (May 31, 1863).","Topics include Wickham's approval of the generals James Longstreet, A.P. Hill, and Richard S. Ewell (June 3, 1863); Lucy relates their losses during visits of the Yankees to \"Hickory Hill\" and \"North Wales\" plantations and the capture of Fitzhugh Lee out of his sick bed (July 25, 1863); Wickham writes from the headquarters of Wickham's Brigade, following his commission as Brigadier General (September 12, 1863); news of Julius Theodore Porcher being mortally wounded from members of the 10th South Carolina Regiment (December 1863); Lucy Wickham's visit with General Wickham near Charlottesville, Virginia (January 17, 21, 31, 1864); General Lee has issued the first order that has not received Wickham's admiration (February 8, 1864); and draft of a letter from Wickham to Captain J.E. Cook, describing his actions beginning on October 28, 1862 until November 3, 1862 (February 26, 1864).","Topics include accompanying General Robert E. Lee to the anniversary of the Young Men's Christian Association of Poney's Brigade to hear a talk on the character of General [Stonewall?] Jackson (March 29, 1864); description of the pillaging of \"Hickory Hill\" by the Yankees and their threatening Uncle Hill Carter (June 5, 1864, June 1864, August 1, 1864); mention of General Sheridan (July 25, 1864); description of the devastation in the area around Culpeper and mention of [Jubal] Early (August 12, 1864); and Wickham, while stationed in Winchester, Virginia, describing the broad valley just prior to the Battle of Winchester (September 5, 8, and 10, 1864).","Wickham attended the U.S. Naval Academy from 1904 until 1909 and most of the letters from this period were to his parents. There are also a few dating from his service aboard the U.S.S. Minnesota (1911) and the U.S.S. Smith (1913) addressed to them. Letters dated 1924 from Captain Wickham to his wife, Credilla Miller Wickham, were written while serving in the U.S. Asiastic Fleet aboard the U.S.S. Pillsbury when the navy summered at Chefoo [present day Yantai], China.","Correspondents include: J.S.B. Alleyne (resolutions concerning the death of Dr. William F. Wickham in 1851); John B. Baldwin; L.M. Baldwin; Nannie P. Ballard; A.P. Bankhead; B. Johnson Barbour, John L. Barbour; Greta du Pont Barksdale (1891-1965); Phoebe [Barksdale?]; Marianna Elizabeth Barksdale (1796-1856) and her husband, William Jones Barksdale (1794-1859); Ann B. Berkeley; Letitia Glenn Biddle (1864-1950); John Minor Botts (1802-1869); Mary G. Braxton; Mary Carter Brickner; G. Thompson Brown; Alfred H. Byrd; E.H. Byrd and L.C. Byrd.\nTopics include a very detailed letter from John Minor Botts to General Williams Carter Wickham about the Civil War, particularly the requested transfer of Colonel Charles H. Wager from the infantry service to the cavalry, rumors about General Lee evacuating Virginia, complaints about the press stimulating the prejudices of the people, and rumors of a proposal to arm enslaved laborers to help fight against the Northern forces (January 8, 1865).","Correspondents include: Ellen J. Cackie; J.R. Campbell (damaged postal card only); B.B. Claike; George Colton; A. Coolidge; O.A. Crenshaw; M.W.T. Cumberland; John B. Custis; Laura G. Custis; Raleigh T. Daniel; J.S. Davis; Enid Deem; Martha Lee Doughty \"To the Women of the Confederacy\" (undated); Fanny Duncan; Georgina L. Featherstonhaugh; and Mary J. Foster.\nTopics include: a discussion of several books read by Laura G. Custis of Boston (May 25, no year) and a description of the past few months the Custis family were forced to stay in Versailles, France, due to illness and the onset of the Franco-Prussian War (March 30, [1871]).","Correspondents include: Ellen Carter, Lizzie Carter, L.W. Carter, Mary Carter, and W[illiams?] Carter, Jr.\nTopics include: the concern of W[illiams] Carter, Jr. that his father make a will immediately so that the Confederacy will not get any of [his brother?] Charles' portion of the estate.  He writes emphatically \"I don't wish the South to get a cent – no country in the history of the world has so worked out its own destruction as the Southern portion of the U.S. America, and all Christendom will in history say, Amen – next to Sodom and Gomorrah\" (February 3, 1862); W[illiams?] Carter, Jr. also asks that the enslaved laborers on both the North Wales and South Wales plantations be sent to Charlotte or some safe place so they will not be sold like cattle, mentioning all of the Tom and Sarah Fox family, Ben Napper and family, the Tom Brown and Harry Brown families, and other enslaved laborers by first name only (March 1, 1862).","Correspondents include: A.W. Carter; Agnes M. Carter; Annie Carter; Betty Carter; E.H. Carter; Emily Carter; Fanny N. Carter; L.H. Carter, Louise Carter, Pauline Carter, Susan Roy Carter, Thomas B. Carter, Thomas H. Carter (1831-1908), and Williams Carter.\nTopics include: the death of Julia Wickham (Thomas H. Carter, July 19, 1873); an expression of hope that the nation will mend following the Civil War, saying \"my hatred for Davis is only equaled by that for Charles Sumner,\" and mention of balloon flights and France's position of strength in Europe (Thomas B. Carter, Paris, May 22, 1866).","Topics of note include two references to the Civil War, including the \"suffering northern soldiers\" and the sentiment \"the same God made us all\" (August 10, 1861); and a second letter about the Civil War concerning shelling of the area near Shirley along the river by northern gunboats and comments about [General John] Pope (August 28, 1862).","Topics include a condolence letter (July 12, 1873) concerning the death of Julia Leiper Wickham (1859-1873).","Correspondents include: Peter J. Chevallie to his wife, Elizabeth Gilliam Chevallie; Sarah Magee \"Sally\" Chevallie Warwick (1816-1846) to her mother, Elizabeth Green Gilliam Chevallie (1796-1865); Joseph Gallego to his nephew, Peter J. Chevallie;  Henry Chevallie to his sister, Mary G. Chevallie; and Abraham Warwick (1794-1874) to his daughter-in-law, Elise F. Warwick.","Correspondents include: Robert Gamble; S.P. Gregory; Gene and [George?] Griffin; A.G. Grinnan; Evelyn Hale; Hetty Cary Harrison; Ella Havisham; Jane R. Haxall; Rosalie Haxall; Eva Mary Anna Mason Heth (1836-1915); Mary Heywood (with a photograph of her on her 78th birthday);  E.[L.] Holmes; R.R. Howison; J. Johns, Jr.; S. Harvey Johnson; William T. Joyner; W.M. Justis; Bessie D. Kane; J.D.L. Kane; Sallie G. Kean; and Ethel Kilburn.\nTopics include the Civil War (Robert Gamble, June 19, 1863); reminiscences about the Civil War and General Stuart, and a discussion about genealogy (A.G. Grinnan, 1892-1893); family reading (R.R. Howison, January 30, 1878); discussion of Reuben Lindsay Walker (1827-1890), commander of the Third Corps artillery, and his opposition to the peace commission, known as the [Hampton Roads Conference] during the Civil War and political issues that will arise at the conclusion of the war (William T. Joyner, February 3, 1865); and the poor state of the Confederate army, due in part to desertions (William T. Joyner, February 25, 1865).","Correspondents include: Frances Wickham Graham; [Hartley] Graham; James Duncan Graham; Salva Graham; and William F. Wickham.\nTopics include chiefly family news but also some references to the work of James Duncan Graham as a member of the United States Engineer Corps (April 13, 1862; April 9, 1865; May 9, 1865); the condition of the South at the conclusion of the Civil War (June 2, 1865); and papers concerning the pension of James Duncan Graham (1867-1871).","Correspondents include: E.W. Hubard and J.L. Hubard.","Correspondents include: Robert B. Lancaster; Elizabeth W. Lay; R. Bruce Lockhart; A.C. Leigh; William Leigh; Ellen McCaw; Rose M. MacDonald; F. Mark; Captain G. [Marvel]; Dido Mason; E.K.N. Massie; Alice W. Meade; Susan W. Miller; Edgar Miller; F.B. Minor; Mary W. Minor;  and M.M. Morris. \nTopics include work on the book about old homes of Hanover (Robert B. Lancaster, January 8, 1984); the fire at Hickory Hill (Elizabeth W. Lay, February 17, 1875); and notification of an ankle injury of Captain W. Leigh Wickham in Chattanooga, Tennessee while serving as paymaster for the Confederate army (Edgar Miller, May 2, 1863).","Correspondents include: Agnes Lee, Annie C. Lee, Ann H. Lee, C.C. Lee; Mary Custis Lee; Richard Henry Lee (1794-1865) concerning the state literary fund and his proposed memoir of Richard A. Lee; Robert E. Lee, Jr. concerning the death of William F. Wickham (July 16, 1873); and William H.F. \"Rooney\"  Lee (1837-1891).","Correspondents include: Elizabeth B. Nicholas, concerning the fall of New Orleans to Federal forces (April 30, 1862); Helen N. Patterson; Lt. Colonel William H. Payne; Virginia Porcher; Lucy Carter Renshaw (1838-1965) concerning damages suffered by the \"Shirley\" plantation during the Civil War battles (July 4, 1862); Amelie Louise Rives Troubetzkoy (1863-1945); and M.C. Rives.","Correspondents include: Carrie P. Nelson; F. Nelson; F.P. Nelson; Jane E. Nelson; Jenny Nelson concerning the capture of Confederate George Washington \"Wash\" Nelson near Smithfield (November 6, 1863) and the raids of the Yankee soldiers in the neighborhood against the local residents (undated Civil War letter); Judith? Nelson; M.W. Nelson concerning the death of Lucy Carter Wickham (January 17, 1835); Mary C. Nelson; Robert Nelson on board the ship Oriental with his friend John Lewis [Points?] (August 29, 1851); Rose Nelson; Virginia L. Nelson; and W. Nelson.","Correspondents include: Anne Rose Page; Elizabeth Burwell Page; John Page; Judith Nelson Page; Leila Page; and Thomas Nelson Page concerning his book about Italy and his visit to England (January 9, 1920).","Correspondents include: George William Shelton; Amelie Louise Sigourney; M.M. Smith; Walter N. Sprinkel; A.M. Stearns; Alexander H.H. Stuart writes of his fear of the future, suggests that Williams Carter Wickham and himself travel to Washington on business to meet with some of the Yankee magnates and discuss ways to end the Civil War and expresses his sorrow over the sundering of the Union (January 23, 1865); Alta E. Stumpf concerning the awakening of Russia and its development (June 29, 1931); J.V. Swearingen; Louisa Nivison Tazewell (1804-1873) describing the death of her father, former Virginia governor, Littleton Waller Tazewell (1774-1860) in her letter (May 16, 1860); Fannie W. Toler; and C. Vanderbilt, Jr.","Correspondents include: Belle Taylor; Bertie Taylor; Edmund P. Taylor; Elizabeth Taylor; Henry Taylor; Henry Taylor, Jr., John Taylor; Julianna Dunlap Leiper Taylor (1801-1883); R.I. Taylor; and Susan W. Taylor.\nOne letter from Henry Taylor, Jr., July 31, 1877, includes a very detailed discussion about Professor Colonel Peters at the University of Virginia.","Correspondents include: Davy Wallace; S. Gardner Waller; Louisa Webb; C.E. Wellford; Mary T. Williams; Captain W.L. Wingfield; Alice B. Winston; Philip B. Winston; and Beulah H.J. Woolston.","Correspondents include: A.C.L. Wickham; Elizabeth S. Wickham; Fanny Wickham concerning the death of Ella Wickham (March 27, 1851); George Wickham; Julia L. Wickham; J.L. Wickham; L.A.C. Wickham; [L.V.] Wickham; M.F. Wickham; and Sarah Wickham.","Topics include a description of the meeting of the trustees of the Peabody Fund for Education in the South, particularly Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple of Minnesota and his life among the indigenous native Americans, who he referred to as \"Indians\" (August 12, 1876).","Topics include climate change (January 31, 1872); details of the career of his friend Custis, who died in 1872 and was a water commissioner in Boston (February 8, 1872); the influence of John C. Calhoun in ruining the whole South and his own state by men following his \"evil counsel\" (January 1, 1875); discussions of reading and current politics (January 8, 1875); description of Wickham's losses during the fire in February (March 13, 1875); mentions of Lord Byron, Charles Lamb, William Cullen Bryant and other literary figures (March 22, 1875); description of the Bunker Hill centennial (June 7, 1875); detailed discussion of the career of Patrick Henry (January 1, 1878); religious reading (March 13, 1878); and Richard Henry Dana, Jr. (December 11, 1878).","The letters are chiefly social or agricultural but one, May 30, 1867, touches upon politics and international events and mentions Rives reading the biography of James Madison.","Topics include the perils of travel by stage to Norfolk, Virginia, in winter (March 3, 1817); condolence letter upon the death of his friend, John Wickham, and reflections upon Wickham's importance in his own life as a mentor and friend and his singular character (January 26, 1839); the mention of Tazewell in the will of John Wickham (March 17 and April 1, 1839); ten inch snowfall in March and the economic difficulties of the country (March 21, 1843); discussion on the political issue on \"our title to Oregon\" (February 26, 1846); and Tazewell thanking William F. Wickham for his translations of Italian comedies, but does not think they merit the efforts of someone of Wickham's ability in the Italian language (July 15, 1849).","Correspondents include: William B. Bowers; E.E. Cooke; E.S. Holmes; E. Laurens; Robert E. Lee; L.M. Mason; N.W. Massie; Catharine H. Myers; [J.] R. Ritchie; E.R. Simons; Sue R. Simons; and Sallie P. Winston.\nThe letter from Robert E. Lee to his cousin, Anne B. Carter Wickham, November 11, 1862, hand-written copy, expresses his regret that her son, Williams Carter Wickham, has again been wounded but explains that he cannot spare Wickham from returning to duty in the army.","Among the numerous correspondents are George Washington Custis Lee; Mildred Lee; W.H.F. Lee; General William Mahone; Francis H. Smith; and George D. Wise.","Correspondents include: John Minor discussing the two engravings, of General Marion and \"the Artist's Dream,\" sent by the Apollo Association for the Promotion of the Fine Arts in the United States and the current relations of the United States and England, especially as affected by the affair of the \"Creole\" (March 18 and October 12, 1842); Henry Clay declines an invitation to visit (February 22, 1848); John S. Mosby, concerning the service of the late Dr. James McClurg as a surgeon in the Revolutionary War (July 16 and August 6, 1849); Francis Robert Rives (1822-1891); Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857) concerning politics and enslavement (February 15, 1850) and a visit (July 20, 1854); John R. Thompson, editor of the  \"Messenger,\" refusing an essay by Wickham defending the Mormons (December 4, 1850);  Edward Vernon Childe (1804-1861) writes concerning the peace negotiations during the Crimean War (December 18, 1855); and two drafts of a letter from Wickham to Robert E. Lee concerning the arrival of the Yankee cavalry at \"Hickory Hill,\" who carried off General W.H. F. Lee as a prisoner in Wickham's carriage as well as horses and enslaved laborers, and includes the report that Charlotte Lee's health is not good and that she is much distressed at her husband's capture (June 28, 1863).","Topics include financial inquiry about Virginia's non-payment of the interest on state stock (January 17, 1872); the fire at Hickory Hill, Hanover County, Virginia (February 15, 1875); the voyage of William D. Shipman to England and his assessment of Thomas Jefferson's life and career (July 4, 1876); Wickham's analysis of State Trials of the United States by Francis Wharton, including his own memories of the James T. Callendar trial (June 19, 1876); and William D. Shipman's mention of seeing the effigy of ancestor William of Wykeham in Winchester, England and information about him (November 6, 1876).","Topics include advice for Henry T. Wickham on entering the legal profession and the study of law (July 24, 1868); Robinson's work with a case in the Supreme Court concerning Allen T. Caperton (1810-1876) and his acts in West Virginia as Provost Marshal (April 15, 1872).","Topics include the declaration of [William B.] Preston for the immediate secession of Virginia from the Union and Wickham's fear that \"the dogs of war will be let loose\" (April 16, 1861); two letters from Colonel [Beverly Holcombe] Robertson about missing and absent soldiers and his efforts to round them up (May 13 and 14, 1862); request for Wickham's support and vote for Robert H. Wynne as doorkeeper of the Confederate House of Representatives (December 24, 1863); John B. Baldwin informs Williams Carter Wickham that his nomination has not been acted upon (February 5, 1864) and two letters from John Taylor about family and home events during the Civil War (February 2 and 8, 1864).","Topics include a letter from Robert E. Lee about Henry T. Wickham's attendance at Washington College in Lexington and Lee's plan to write a history about military campaigns in Virginia during the Civil War (October 3, 1865) and a draft of Wickham's reply to Lee in the hand of Lucy Wickham [October 13, 1865];  a draft of Wickham's letter to General W.H.F. Lee about contemporary politics (April 16, 1868); the formation of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad (September 17, 1868); Horace Greeley's comments on the progress of the railroads in Virginia (November 15, 1868); request and recommendation from Alexander H.H. Stuart on behalf of two job seekers in the railroad business (May 5, 1873); efforts of C.T. Smith to get Wickham elected (August 19, 1883); two congratulatory letters on the recent election of Wickham to the Virginia Senate from B. Johnson Barbour and John T. Harris (November 19, 1883); and a request for a donation towards a University of Virginia chapel from Schele de Vere (November 21, 1883).","The diary begins with an entry about the secession of South Carolina from the Union and continues with entries about the evacuation of Fort Moultrie and the removal of troops to Fort Sumter in South Carolina; each state that secedes from the Union is noted and mention made of the firing upon the steamer Star of the West at Charleston, South Carolina; Intermixed with news of the impending war are notes about building a henhouse, nests, the receipt of toys, and weather; his father [Williams Carter Wickham] as a candidate for the Virginia Secession Convention from Henrico (January 29, 1861); and ends with an entry for February 12, 1861.","The diary mentions the following topics: the loan of a sharps rifle from George W. Randolph, supposedly owned before by John Brown and presented to the 1st [Virginia?] Regiment at Harper's Ferry; a four mile drive on the Petersburg Road to \"Strawberry Hill\" owned by Robert Edmond;  Judge and Mrs. Robertson leaving for \"Mount Athos\" their place in the country near Lynchburg, Virginia; double guard on \"the mills\" [Gallego Mills?]; the arrival of 1,000 men from Tennessee who went to the old fairgrounds; a drill by the \"Richland Rifles\" at the South Carolina camp; occupation of Alexandria by President Lincoln's troops; news of a battle at Bethel Church between Yorktown and Hampton; the departure of 2,000 troops for Manassas on June 13th; a visit to Camp Lee; examination of the fortifications below the city with locations noted; note that business is very slow since the commencement of the war; the meeting with Mr. and Mrs. Macfarland and General Lee at Mr. Lyon's [home?]; birth of a daughter [Elise Warwick Barksdale Wickham (1861-1952)] on August 28, 1861; note that he spent the last month with the 16th Virginia Regiment as Quartermaster at \"Camp Withers\" six miles from Norfolk; his orders to transfer to Colonel L. Smith's office as paymaster, September 13, 1861; and the death of cousin Fanny Townes, September 20, 1861.","Subjects include: lists of books purchased from Peter Cotton (October 20, 1816-January 27, 1817 and September 22, 1817); purchases of quills, paper, ink, chessmen, etc. (October 15, 1817); hires of enslaved laborers (January 25 and 27, 1817 and February 21, 1817); and a bill of sale for enslaved laborers (September 17, 1817).","Subjects include: medical care for enslaved laborers from Dr. W.P. Jones (January 12, February 24 and 26, March 24, and June 24, 1818); a hire of an enslaved laborer (April 2, 1819); and a bill of sale for two male enslaved men (January 19, 1820).","Subjects include: the return of a little boy, Joe Lewis, and little girl, Lucy, the property of William F. Wickham (September 28, 1821); payment to overseer William Lizer on \"South Wales\" plantation (January 26, 1821); and purchase of paper, ink, and books (July 7, 1821).","Subjects include: the hire of an enslaved girl, Jenny (January 11, 1823).","Subjects include: hiring of Nathaniel B. Priddy as overseer (1834-1835; 1837-1838, 1840); and a list of books and magazines, quills, pencils, and paper purchased (1836-1838).","Subjects include: hiring of Samuel Bumpass as overseer (1842); the sale of an enslaved boy, Washington (January 6, 1843); hiring of Nathaniel B. Priddy as overseer (1843); sale of the enslaved woman, Nancy Wylde, and her two youngest children (May 23, 1843); and the sale of an enslaved man, Ned Davis (June 27, 1843).","Subjects include: lists of books and writing supplies purchased (July 20, 1846; March 22 and April 16, 1847).","Subjects include: lists of books and writing supplies purchased (February 1848; July 14, 1848; and October 4, 1849).","Subjects include: lists of books purchased (January and November 1850); memoranda book containing the names of enslaved laborers (May 12, 1850); and the hire of enslaved men, Giles, Frank, and John from J.H. Wickham (1851).","Subjects include: list of taxable property for William F. Wickham in 1853, includes 96 enslaved laborers over 16 years old and 116 enslaved laborers over twelve years old.","Subjects include: partners listed for Warwick and Barksdale at the \"Gallego Mills\" following the death of William J. Barksdale (February 15 and July 2, 1860).","Subjects include: theft of stock certificates, bank book, and checks from Williams Carter at the \"North Wales\" plantation during a Yankee raid (May 31, 1864); copy of the last will and testament of Williams Carter with a codicil dated July 30, 1864, freeing his two enslaved women, Margaret and Sally, with any offspring that they have as soon as peace shall be established in the country (July 17, 1864); an enslaved mulatto girl named Sally was lent to Anne Butler Berkeley by Williams Carter (August 10, 1864); indenture concerning the former plantations and property of Williams Carter, Sr. including \"North Wales\" and \"Broad Neck\" (May 16, 1867); and payroll lists (April 1, 1868).","Subjects include: receipts for work in the coal banks, Clifton, West Virginia (1873).","Subjects include: a valuation of personal property at \"North Wales\" plantation; valuation of real estate of Mr. [Abraham] Warwick made by commissioners, including factories, blacksmith shop, houses, lots, and a Brookfield farm; and a list of the names of enslaved laborers, with their evaluations.","These three oversize items include an indenture between Betty Littlepage and Charles Carter of Corotoman (May 5, 1768); a deed of trust from Carter B. Page and Rebecca Page to Thomas Taylor and Benjamin Harrison (June 17, 1817); and an indenture concerning Catherine Page, \"Broad Neck\" and Williams Carter (March 11, 1822).","The oversize deeds and indentures include those signed by Carter B. and Rebecca Page and Thomas Taylor (June 7, 1817); an indenture between John Wickham, Edward Carrington, Daniel Call, and Littleton Waller Tazewell (March 17, 1800); an indenture between Harry and Anna Terrell and Charles Carter (October 7, 1769); an indenture between James Littlepage and Joel Terrell (April 23, 1751); an indenture between John Littlepage and John Carter (March 2, 1735); and a bill of sale for two male enslaved men, Billy and Cyrus (January 15, 1820).","These include a list with the heading \"A List of My Slaves, such as I wish to keep, such as I may wish to sell and may wish to send to the West\" with names, ages, special skills or jobs, and their evaluations on the \"Rocky Mills\" and \"South Wales\" plantations belonging to Edmund Fanning Wickham in 1835; an account of the sale of land and enslaved laborers at \"Rocky Mills\" in November 1842 with the name of the purchaser, name of the enslaved laborer and the prices; a list of enslaved laborers treated by Dr. J.P. Harrison (April 24, 1844; July 1845; July 1848); list of William F. Wickham's enslaved laborers by age category (1843); the evaluation of an enslaved man, Tom Christian and his entire family (December 22, 1846); a list of named enslaved laborers with their ages belonging to the estate of Dr. James McClurg, Hanover County, Virginia, with evalutions by W. O. Winston (January 18, 1852); a list of 209 named enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] (January 1854); a list of 269 named enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] (January 1859); a list of enslaved laborers belonging to [William F. Wickham?] who were either carried off the plantation by Yankee forces or left of their own accord during the Civil War (1862-1864); and one list of enslaved men between the ages of 18 and 55 with the notation that two are in Confederate service, 14 remain on the plantation and 33 have left and gone to the enemy (January 31, 1865) and another list of enslaved laborers that went to the enemy by year, 120 in all [1865].","These six oversize items include four land grant certificates to Edmund F. Wickham and Edwin P. Crenshaw; a London Medical Society membership certificate for Dr. James Maclurg (1784); a letter from Lucy Nelson (1835).","The oversize plats include one for \"North Wales\" plantation belonging to Charles Carter, October 4, 1779; a plat of \"South Wales\" and Lane plantations, Hanover County, according to the division of January 1818, but updated on May 21, 1858; a plat showing the part of \"South Wales\" plantation allotted to Anne B. Carter, the purchase of land by W.F. Wickham from Thomas Carter, and \"Hickory Hill\" plantation purchased by W.F. Wickham from the estate of George W. Smith, November 27, 1825; plat of \"Verdon\" Hanover County, Virginia, belonging to the estate of John T. Anderson (December 1, 1865); and an undated plat showing parcels of land west of the Missouri River, apparently belonging to Thomas Gorham and a Wickham family member, 4 items.","These six oversize items include a survey of the Broad Neck or Big Neck tract for Thomas C. Nelson (September 8, 1818); survey of the Lane tract, part of the South Wales Estate (January 1818); plat of the Lane tract, South Wales and Hickory Hill (January 1818); fields laid off and numbered from a survey of W.F. Wickham's river fields (February 16, 1837); surveys no. 137 and no. 146 in Saline County, Missouri for Edmund F. Wickham (1841); diagram of land plots to the west of the Missouri River and the 5th principal meridian, presumably in Missouri [1841-1842?].","This material includes a recollection of George Wythe by William F. Wickham (1874); and the first recollection of General Robert E. Lee by Anne Carter Wickham Renshaw Byerly, written in a letter to her brother Henry (undated); biographical sketches of Captain William C. Wickham, U.S. Navy (April 19, 1962 and September 1985), John Wickham (undated), and General Williams Carter Wickham (undated); and history of \"Hickory Hill\" (undated).","Families discussed include Fanning, Leiper, Martian, Peyton, Pye, Tabb and Barksdale, Taylor, Warwick, and Wingfield.","This includes a report of [3rd (Wickham's) Virginia Cavalry Brigade] near Front Royal, Virginia (August 23, 1864).","This folder includes such items as the weather at Hickory Hill (1857); a prayer of Bishop Meade (1861); printed advertisement for a catalog of attorneys (1875); damaged circular from a Rochester nursery (1882); a horse pedigree (undated); and \"Notes on Planting Box at Williamsburg\" by Arthur A. Shurcliff (undated).","These include Wickham's notes concerning the \"Home Reminiscences of John Randolph, of Roanoke\" by Powhatan Bouldin, the benefits of lime and marl, and W.W. Mac Farland's address.","These include [Julia L. Wickham], \"Peliso\" Orange, Virginia, gardens in Rome, [Hickory Hill], Captain Williams C. Wickham, U.S. Navy, and an unidentified boy taken by Tyson and Perry, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Wickham family","Wickham, John, 1763-1839","Wickham, William Fanning , 1793-1880","Wickham, Lucy Taylor, 1830-1913","Wickham, Williams Carter, 1820-1888","Wickham, Henry Taylor"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"famname_ssim":["Wickham family"],"persname_ssim":["Wickham, John, 1763-1839","Wickham, William Fanning , 1793-1880","Wickham, Lucy Taylor, 1830-1913","Wickham, Williams Carter, 1820-1888","Wickham, Henry Taylor"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":223,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-07T07:08:41.762Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_294"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections 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