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(John Walter), 1793-1862","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_799#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection comprises three documents recording Dr. John Walter Rice's purchase of two enslaved people named Dianah and Edmund.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_799#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_799","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_799","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_799","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_799","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_799.xml","title_ssm":["John Walter Rice slavery documents"],"title_tesim":["John Walter Rice slavery documents"],"unitdate_ssm":["1831-1832"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1831-1832"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1831/1832"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Walter Rice slavery documents, 1831/1832"],"text":["John Walter Rice slavery documents, 1831/1832","SC 0417","/repositories/4/resources/799","Slave bills of sale","Enslaved persons","Slavery","Slavery -- Virginia -- New Market","Slavery -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Enslaved persons -- Virginia -- New Market","Enslaved persons -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Slave trade -- Virginia -- New Market","Slave trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Financial Records","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Stewart, Nancy Branner. \"African Americans in Shenandoah County, Virginia, Notebooks,\" Vol. 4, Book A, 2010.","Dr. John Walter Rice (1793-1862) attended medical school in Philadelphia before permanently moving to New Market, Virginia by 1819. He served in the War of 1812, possibly as a surgeon. In 1815, Rice married Anna Maria Gilliams in Philadelphia, and the couple had twelve children. In 1834, Rice, one of the largest landowners in the New Market area of Shenandoah County, built Stanley Hall, a Greek Revival plantation house, that is presently situated on land preserved by the Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation. He was elected president of the Valley Turnpike Company in 1843, a position he held for many years. According to the 1840 census, Rice enslaved 12 people. The 1850 census lists 22 people enslaved by Rice.","Other than their names and previous enslavers - information found within the documents in this collection - the archivist was unable to locate additional information about Dianah (also spelled Diana) and Edmund. In the documents, they are referred to as a girl and boy respectively, suggesting they were children at the time of their sale.","Robert H. Turner (1789-1861), originally from Woodstock, moved to Warren County in 1836 where he became county clerk.","John W. Dulaney (1800-1883) was born in Culpeper County, Virginia and later moved to Ohio.","Philip Broadus Grandstaff Jr. (1792-1865) and Benjamin Grandstaff (1794-1873) were brothers from Edinburg, Virginia.","From the collection of Benny Long, New Market, Virginia. Previously Booze Vaughn estate, New Market, Virginia.","Bill of sale for Dianah, an enslaved woman, from Benjamin Grandstaff to John W. Rice, 1831 April 19 :manuscript signed., American slavery documents collection, 1757-1878 and undated, RL.11093, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University.","The collection comprises three documents recording Dr. John Walter Rice's purchase of two enslaved people - Dianah from Robert Harry Turner of Woodstock, Virginia (later of Front Royal, Virginia) in 1831 and Edmund from John William Dulaney of Woodville, Virginia in 1832. The documents include an 1831 promissory note and indenture as well as an 1832 bill of sale. Brothers Benjamin and Philip Grandstaff Jr. of Shenandoah County were named in the documents related to Dianah as one or both were previously her enslavers.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection comprises three documents recording Dr. John Walter Rice's purchase of two enslaved people named Dianah and Edmund.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rice, John W. (John Walter), 1793-1862","Dianah, (Enslaved person in Shenandoah County, Va.)","Grandstaff, Benjamin, 1794-1873","Turner, Robert H. (Robert Harry), 1789-1861","Dulaney, John W. (John William), 1800-1883","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Walter Rice slavery documents, 1831/1832"],"collection_ssim":["John Walter Rice slavery documents, 1831/1832"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0417","/repositories/4/resources/799"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0417","/repositories/4/resources/799"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Rice, John W. (John Walter), 1793-1862","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_ssim":["Rice, John W. (John Walter), 1793-1862","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rice, John W. (John Walter), 1793-1862","Dianah, (Enslaved person in Shenandoah County, Va.)","Grandstaff, Benjamin, 1794-1873","Turner, Robert H. (Robert Harry), 1789-1861","Dulaney, John W. (John William), 1800-1883"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creators_ssim":["Rice, John W. (John Walter), 1793-1862","Dianah, (Enslaved person in Shenandoah County, Va.)","Grandstaff, Benjamin, 1794-1873","Turner, Robert H. (Robert Harry), 1789-1861","Dulaney, John W. (John William), 1800-1883","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased November 21, 2025 at Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates, Inc. Fall Premier Americana: Day Two Featuring The Benny Long Collection."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slave bills of sale","Enslaved persons","Slavery","Slavery -- Virginia -- New Market","Slavery -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Enslaved persons -- Virginia -- New Market","Enslaved persons -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Slave trade -- Virginia -- New Market","Slave trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Financial Records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slave bills of sale","Enslaved persons","Slavery","Slavery -- Virginia -- New Market","Slavery -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Enslaved persons -- Virginia -- New Market","Enslaved persons -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Slave trade -- Virginia -- New Market","Slave trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Financial Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Financial Records"],"date_range_isim":[1831,1832],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStewart, Nancy Branner. \"African Americans in Shenandoah County, Virginia, Notebooks,\" Vol. 4, Book A, 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Stewart, Nancy Branner. \"African Americans in Shenandoah County, Virginia, Notebooks,\" Vol. 4, Book A, 2010."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. John Walter Rice (1793-1862) attended medical school in Philadelphia before permanently moving to New Market, Virginia by 1819. He served in the War of 1812, possibly as a surgeon. In 1815, Rice married Anna Maria Gilliams in Philadelphia, and the couple had twelve children. In 1834, Rice, one of the largest landowners in the New Market area of Shenandoah County, built Stanley Hall, a Greek Revival plantation house, that is presently situated on land preserved by the Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation. He was elected president of the Valley Turnpike Company in 1843, a position he held for many years. According to the 1840 census, Rice enslaved 12 people. The 1850 census lists 22 people enslaved by Rice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther than their names and previous enslavers - information found within the documents in this collection - the archivist was unable to locate additional information about Dianah (also spelled Diana) and Edmund. In the documents, they are referred to as a girl and boy respectively, suggesting they were children at the time of their sale.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert H. Turner (1789-1861), originally from Woodstock, moved to Warren County in 1836 where he became county clerk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn W. Dulaney (1800-1883) was born in Culpeper County, Virginia and later moved to Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhilip Broadus Grandstaff Jr. (1792-1865) and Benjamin Grandstaff (1794-1873) were brothers from Edinburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. John Walter Rice (1793-1862) attended medical school in Philadelphia before permanently moving to New Market, Virginia by 1819. He served in the War of 1812, possibly as a surgeon. In 1815, Rice married Anna Maria Gilliams in Philadelphia, and the couple had twelve children. In 1834, Rice, one of the largest landowners in the New Market area of Shenandoah County, built Stanley Hall, a Greek Revival plantation house, that is presently situated on land preserved by the Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation. He was elected president of the Valley Turnpike Company in 1843, a position he held for many years. According to the 1840 census, Rice enslaved 12 people. The 1850 census lists 22 people enslaved by Rice.","Other than their names and previous enslavers - information found within the documents in this collection - the archivist was unable to locate additional information about Dianah (also spelled Diana) and Edmund. In the documents, they are referred to as a girl and boy respectively, suggesting they were children at the time of their sale.","Robert H. Turner (1789-1861), originally from Woodstock, moved to Warren County in 1836 where he became county clerk.","John W. Dulaney (1800-1883) was born in Culpeper County, Virginia and later moved to Ohio.","Philip Broadus Grandstaff Jr. (1792-1865) and Benjamin Grandstaff (1794-1873) were brothers from Edinburg, Virginia."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom the collection of Benny Long, New Market, Virginia. Previously Booze Vaughn estate, New Market, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["From the collection of Benny Long, New Market, Virginia. Previously Booze Vaughn estate, New Market, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box#, folder #], John Walter Rice slavery documents, 1831-1832, SC 0417, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box#, folder #], John Walter Rice slavery documents, 1831-1832, SC 0417, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBill of sale for Dianah, an enslaved woman, from Benjamin Grandstaff to John W. Rice, 1831 April 19 :manuscript signed., American slavery documents collection, 1757-1878 and undated, RL.11093, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Bill of sale for Dianah, an enslaved woman, from Benjamin Grandstaff to John W. Rice, 1831 April 19 :manuscript signed., American slavery documents collection, 1757-1878 and undated, RL.11093, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection comprises three documents recording Dr. John Walter Rice's purchase of two enslaved people - Dianah from Robert Harry Turner of Woodstock, Virginia (later of Front Royal, Virginia) in 1831 and Edmund from John William Dulaney of Woodville, Virginia in 1832. The documents include an 1831 promissory note and indenture as well as an 1832 bill of sale. Brothers Benjamin and Philip Grandstaff Jr. of Shenandoah County were named in the documents related to Dianah as one or both were previously her enslavers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection comprises three documents recording Dr. John Walter Rice's purchase of two enslaved people - Dianah from Robert Harry Turner of Woodstock, Virginia (later of Front Royal, Virginia) in 1831 and Edmund from John William Dulaney of Woodville, Virginia in 1832. The documents include an 1831 promissory note and indenture as well as an 1832 bill of sale. Brothers Benjamin and Philip Grandstaff Jr. of Shenandoah County were named in the documents related to Dianah as one or both were previously her enslavers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_76a5283f30dfff82a63621f8ff917c81\"\u003eThe collection comprises three documents recording Dr. John Walter Rice's purchase of two enslaved people named Dianah and Edmund.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection comprises three documents recording Dr. John Walter Rice's purchase of two enslaved people named Dianah and Edmund."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Dianah, (Enslaved person in Shenandoah County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Rice, John W. (John Walter), 1793-1862","Dianah, (Enslaved person in Shenandoah County, Va.)","Grandstaff, Benjamin, 1794-1873","Turner, Robert H. (Robert Harry), 1789-1861","Dulaney, John W. (John William), 1800-1883"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rice, John W. (John Walter), 1793-1862","Dianah, (Enslaved person in Shenandoah County, Va.)","Grandstaff, Benjamin, 1794-1873","Turner, Robert H. (Robert Harry), 1789-1861","Dulaney, John W. (John William), 1800-1883"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:12.526Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_799","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_799","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_799","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_799","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_799.xml","title_ssm":["John Walter Rice slavery documents"],"title_tesim":["John Walter Rice slavery documents"],"unitdate_ssm":["1831-1832"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1831-1832"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1831/1832"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Walter Rice slavery documents, 1831/1832"],"text":["John Walter Rice slavery documents, 1831/1832","SC 0417","/repositories/4/resources/799","Slave bills of sale","Enslaved persons","Slavery","Slavery -- Virginia -- New Market","Slavery -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Enslaved persons -- Virginia -- New Market","Enslaved persons -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Slave trade -- Virginia -- New Market","Slave trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Financial Records","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Stewart, Nancy Branner. \"African Americans in Shenandoah County, Virginia, Notebooks,\" Vol. 4, Book A, 2010.","Dr. John Walter Rice (1793-1862) attended medical school in Philadelphia before permanently moving to New Market, Virginia by 1819. He served in the War of 1812, possibly as a surgeon. In 1815, Rice married Anna Maria Gilliams in Philadelphia, and the couple had twelve children. In 1834, Rice, one of the largest landowners in the New Market area of Shenandoah County, built Stanley Hall, a Greek Revival plantation house, that is presently situated on land preserved by the Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation. He was elected president of the Valley Turnpike Company in 1843, a position he held for many years. According to the 1840 census, Rice enslaved 12 people. The 1850 census lists 22 people enslaved by Rice.","Other than their names and previous enslavers - information found within the documents in this collection - the archivist was unable to locate additional information about Dianah (also spelled Diana) and Edmund. In the documents, they are referred to as a girl and boy respectively, suggesting they were children at the time of their sale.","Robert H. Turner (1789-1861), originally from Woodstock, moved to Warren County in 1836 where he became county clerk.","John W. Dulaney (1800-1883) was born in Culpeper County, Virginia and later moved to Ohio.","Philip Broadus Grandstaff Jr. (1792-1865) and Benjamin Grandstaff (1794-1873) were brothers from Edinburg, Virginia.","From the collection of Benny Long, New Market, Virginia. Previously Booze Vaughn estate, New Market, Virginia.","Bill of sale for Dianah, an enslaved woman, from Benjamin Grandstaff to John W. Rice, 1831 April 19 :manuscript signed., American slavery documents collection, 1757-1878 and undated, RL.11093, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University.","The collection comprises three documents recording Dr. John Walter Rice's purchase of two enslaved people - Dianah from Robert Harry Turner of Woodstock, Virginia (later of Front Royal, Virginia) in 1831 and Edmund from John William Dulaney of Woodville, Virginia in 1832. The documents include an 1831 promissory note and indenture as well as an 1832 bill of sale. Brothers Benjamin and Philip Grandstaff Jr. of Shenandoah County were named in the documents related to Dianah as one or both were previously her enslavers.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection comprises three documents recording Dr. John Walter Rice's purchase of two enslaved people named Dianah and Edmund.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rice, John W. (John Walter), 1793-1862","Dianah, (Enslaved person in Shenandoah County, Va.)","Grandstaff, Benjamin, 1794-1873","Turner, Robert H. (Robert Harry), 1789-1861","Dulaney, John W. (John William), 1800-1883","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Walter Rice slavery documents, 1831/1832"],"collection_ssim":["John Walter Rice slavery documents, 1831/1832"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0417","/repositories/4/resources/799"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0417","/repositories/4/resources/799"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Rice, John W. (John Walter), 1793-1862","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_ssim":["Rice, John W. (John Walter), 1793-1862","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rice, John W. (John Walter), 1793-1862","Dianah, (Enslaved person in Shenandoah County, Va.)","Grandstaff, Benjamin, 1794-1873","Turner, Robert H. (Robert Harry), 1789-1861","Dulaney, John W. (John William), 1800-1883"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creators_ssim":["Rice, John W. (John Walter), 1793-1862","Dianah, (Enslaved person in Shenandoah County, Va.)","Grandstaff, Benjamin, 1794-1873","Turner, Robert H. (Robert Harry), 1789-1861","Dulaney, John W. (John William), 1800-1883","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased November 21, 2025 at Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates, Inc. Fall Premier Americana: Day Two Featuring The Benny Long Collection."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slave bills of sale","Enslaved persons","Slavery","Slavery -- Virginia -- New Market","Slavery -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Enslaved persons -- Virginia -- New Market","Enslaved persons -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Slave trade -- Virginia -- New Market","Slave trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Financial Records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slave bills of sale","Enslaved persons","Slavery","Slavery -- Virginia -- New Market","Slavery -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Enslaved persons -- Virginia -- New Market","Enslaved persons -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Slave trade -- Virginia -- New Market","Slave trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County","Financial Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Financial Records"],"date_range_isim":[1831,1832],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStewart, Nancy Branner. \"African Americans in Shenandoah County, Virginia, Notebooks,\" Vol. 4, Book A, 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Stewart, Nancy Branner. \"African Americans in Shenandoah County, Virginia, Notebooks,\" Vol. 4, Book A, 2010."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. John Walter Rice (1793-1862) attended medical school in Philadelphia before permanently moving to New Market, Virginia by 1819. He served in the War of 1812, possibly as a surgeon. In 1815, Rice married Anna Maria Gilliams in Philadelphia, and the couple had twelve children. In 1834, Rice, one of the largest landowners in the New Market area of Shenandoah County, built Stanley Hall, a Greek Revival plantation house, that is presently situated on land preserved by the Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation. He was elected president of the Valley Turnpike Company in 1843, a position he held for many years. According to the 1840 census, Rice enslaved 12 people. The 1850 census lists 22 people enslaved by Rice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther than their names and previous enslavers - information found within the documents in this collection - the archivist was unable to locate additional information about Dianah (also spelled Diana) and Edmund. In the documents, they are referred to as a girl and boy respectively, suggesting they were children at the time of their sale.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert H. Turner (1789-1861), originally from Woodstock, moved to Warren County in 1836 where he became county clerk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn W. Dulaney (1800-1883) was born in Culpeper County, Virginia and later moved to Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhilip Broadus Grandstaff Jr. (1792-1865) and Benjamin Grandstaff (1794-1873) were brothers from Edinburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. John Walter Rice (1793-1862) attended medical school in Philadelphia before permanently moving to New Market, Virginia by 1819. He served in the War of 1812, possibly as a surgeon. In 1815, Rice married Anna Maria Gilliams in Philadelphia, and the couple had twelve children. In 1834, Rice, one of the largest landowners in the New Market area of Shenandoah County, built Stanley Hall, a Greek Revival plantation house, that is presently situated on land preserved by the Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation. He was elected president of the Valley Turnpike Company in 1843, a position he held for many years. According to the 1840 census, Rice enslaved 12 people. The 1850 census lists 22 people enslaved by Rice.","Other than their names and previous enslavers - information found within the documents in this collection - the archivist was unable to locate additional information about Dianah (also spelled Diana) and Edmund. In the documents, they are referred to as a girl and boy respectively, suggesting they were children at the time of their sale.","Robert H. Turner (1789-1861), originally from Woodstock, moved to Warren County in 1836 where he became county clerk.","John W. Dulaney (1800-1883) was born in Culpeper County, Virginia and later moved to Ohio.","Philip Broadus Grandstaff Jr. (1792-1865) and Benjamin Grandstaff (1794-1873) were brothers from Edinburg, Virginia."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom the collection of Benny Long, New Market, Virginia. Previously Booze Vaughn estate, New Market, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["From the collection of Benny Long, New Market, Virginia. Previously Booze Vaughn estate, New Market, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box#, folder #], John Walter Rice slavery documents, 1831-1832, SC 0417, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box#, folder #], John Walter Rice slavery documents, 1831-1832, SC 0417, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBill of sale for Dianah, an enslaved woman, from Benjamin Grandstaff to John W. Rice, 1831 April 19 :manuscript signed., American slavery documents collection, 1757-1878 and undated, RL.11093, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Bill of sale for Dianah, an enslaved woman, from Benjamin Grandstaff to John W. Rice, 1831 April 19 :manuscript signed., American slavery documents collection, 1757-1878 and undated, RL.11093, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection comprises three documents recording Dr. John Walter Rice's purchase of two enslaved people - Dianah from Robert Harry Turner of Woodstock, Virginia (later of Front Royal, Virginia) in 1831 and Edmund from John William Dulaney of Woodville, Virginia in 1832. The documents include an 1831 promissory note and indenture as well as an 1832 bill of sale. Brothers Benjamin and Philip Grandstaff Jr. of Shenandoah County were named in the documents related to Dianah as one or both were previously her enslavers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection comprises three documents recording Dr. John Walter Rice's purchase of two enslaved people - Dianah from Robert Harry Turner of Woodstock, Virginia (later of Front Royal, Virginia) in 1831 and Edmund from John William Dulaney of Woodville, Virginia in 1832. The documents include an 1831 promissory note and indenture as well as an 1832 bill of sale. Brothers Benjamin and Philip Grandstaff Jr. of Shenandoah County were named in the documents related to Dianah as one or both were previously her enslavers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_76a5283f30dfff82a63621f8ff917c81\"\u003eThe collection comprises three documents recording Dr. John Walter Rice's purchase of two enslaved people named Dianah and Edmund.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection comprises three documents recording Dr. John Walter Rice's purchase of two enslaved people named Dianah and Edmund."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Dianah, (Enslaved person in Shenandoah County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Rice, John W. (John Walter), 1793-1862","Dianah, (Enslaved person in Shenandoah County, Va.)","Grandstaff, Benjamin, 1794-1873","Turner, Robert H. (Robert Harry), 1789-1861","Dulaney, John W. (John William), 1800-1883"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rice, John W. (John Walter), 1793-1862","Dianah, (Enslaved person in Shenandoah County, Va.)","Grandstaff, Benjamin, 1794-1873","Turner, Robert H. (Robert Harry), 1789-1861","Dulaney, John W. (John William), 1800-1883"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:12.526Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_799"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_207","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John W. Wilson Collection, 1766/1963","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_207#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wilson, John W.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_207#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection is comprised of a variety of documents, including letters, deeds, indentures, receipts, and accounts, all relating to Jacob Bear, Benjamin Graves, Jacob Sipe, and the Dean (Deane, Deen) and the Harnsberger family.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_207#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_207","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_207","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_207","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_207","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_207.xml","title_ssm":["John W. Wilson Collection"],"title_tesim":["John W. Wilson Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1766-1963"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1766-1963"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1766/1963"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John W. Wilson Collection, 1766/1963"],"text":["John W. Wilson Collection, 1766/1963","SC 0122","/repositories/4/resources/207","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Madison County (Va.) -- History","Orange County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Surveys","Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Elk Run class book","Rural families","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia","Housekeeping -- Sources","Home economics -- Accounting","Home economics -- Equipment and supplies","Farm management -- Sources","Slave bills of sale","Business -- History","Estate planning","Trust indentures","Deeds of trust","Deeds -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia","Real property -- Virginia","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged chronologically.","Wayland, John Walter. A History of Rockingham County, VA. Ruebush-Elkins Co.: Dayton, VA, 1912.","The Mount Vernon Iron Furnace was located in Brown's Gap, Virginia, and was started by the Faussett family. It was built in 1848 and was operated by the Miller family, John F. Lewis, and a variety of others until 1878.","Donated by John \"Bill\" Wilson Jr. of Port Republic, Virginia in December 1995.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3012.","The John W. Wilson Collection, 1766-1963, consists of a variety of documents (receipts, deeds, accounts, and letters) relating mostly to Jacob Bear, Benjamin Graves, Jacob Sipe, and the Dean (Deane, Deen) and Harnsberger (Hansberger) families of Rockingham, Madison, Orange, and Augusta counties, Virginia from 1766 to 1963. Of particular interest are the 1842 Elk Run Class Book; the 1858-59 Housekeeping Book, which lists household and farm items needed for life at the time; and accounts of the Mt. Vernon Iron Works (Rockingham County) from 1878-1879.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This collection is comprised of a variety of documents, including letters, deeds, indentures, receipts, and accounts, all relating to Jacob Bear, Benjamin Graves, Jacob Sipe, and the Dean (Deane, Deen) and the Harnsberger family.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Mt. Vernon Iron Works (Rockingham County. Va.)","Bear family","Graves family","Sipe family","Dean family","Harnsberger family","Bear family -- Correspondence","Graves family -- Correspondence","Sipe family -- Correspondence","Dean family -- Correspondence","Harnsberger family -- Correspondence","Wilson, John W.","Bear, Jacob","Graves, Benjamin","Sipe, Jacob","Bear, Jacob -- Wills","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John W. Wilson Collection, 1766/1963"],"collection_ssim":["John W. Wilson Collection, 1766/1963"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0122","/repositories/4/resources/207"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0122","/repositories/4/resources/207"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Madison County (Va.) -- History","Orange County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Surveys","Augusta County (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Madison County (Va.) -- History","Orange County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Surveys","Augusta County (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Madison County (Va.) -- History","Orange County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Surveys","Augusta County (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Wilson, John W."],"creator_ssim":["Wilson, John W."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wilson, John W.","Bear, Jacob","Graves, Benjamin","Sipe, Jacob","Bear, Jacob -- Wills"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Mt. Vernon Iron Works (Rockingham County. Va.)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Bear family","Graves family","Sipe family","Dean family","Harnsberger family","Bear family -- Correspondence","Graves family -- Correspondence","Sipe family -- Correspondence","Dean family -- Correspondence","Harnsberger family -- Correspondence"],"creators_ssim":["Wilson, John W.","Bear, Jacob","Graves, Benjamin","Sipe, Jacob","Bear, Jacob -- Wills","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Mt. Vernon Iron Works (Rockingham County. Va.)","Bear family","Graves family","Sipe family","Dean family","Harnsberger family","Bear family -- Correspondence","Graves family -- Correspondence","Sipe family -- Correspondence","Dean family -- Correspondence","Harnsberger family -- Correspondence"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Elk Run class book","Rural families","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia","Housekeeping -- Sources","Home economics -- Accounting","Home economics -- Equipment and supplies","Farm management -- Sources","Slave bills of sale","Business -- History","Estate planning","Trust indentures","Deeds of trust","Deeds -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia","Real property -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Elk Run class book","Rural families","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia","Housekeeping -- Sources","Home economics -- Accounting","Home economics -- Equipment and supplies","Farm management -- Sources","Slave bills of sale","Business -- History","Estate planning","Trust indentures","Deeds of trust","Deeds -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia","Real property -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.39 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.39 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John Walter. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Rockingham County, VA\u003c/emph\u003e. Ruebush-Elkins Co.: Dayton, VA, 1912.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John Walter. A History of Rockingham County, VA. Ruebush-Elkins Co.: Dayton, VA, 1912."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Mount Vernon Iron Furnace was located in Brown's Gap, Virginia, and was started by the Faussett family. It was built in 1848 and was operated by the Miller family, John F. Lewis, and a variety of others until 1878.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Mount Vernon Iron Furnace was located in Brown's Gap, Virginia, and was started by the Faussett family. It was built in 1848 and was operated by the Miller family, John F. Lewis, and a variety of others until 1878."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonated by John \"Bill\" Wilson Jr. of Port Republic, Virginia in December 1995.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Acquisition Information"],"custodhist_tesim":["Donated by John \"Bill\" Wilson Jr. of Port Republic, Virginia in December 1995."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], John W. Wilson Collection, 1766-1963, SC 0122, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], John W. Wilson Collection, 1766-1963, SC 0122, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3012.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3012."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John W. Wilson Collection, 1766-1963, consists of a variety of documents (receipts, deeds, accounts, and letters) relating mostly to Jacob Bear, Benjamin Graves, Jacob Sipe, and the Dean (Deane, Deen) and Harnsberger (Hansberger) families of Rockingham, Madison, Orange, and Augusta counties, Virginia from 1766 to 1963. Of particular interest are the 1842 Elk Run Class Book; the 1858-59 Housekeeping Book, which lists household and farm items needed for life at the time; and accounts of the Mt. Vernon Iron Works (Rockingham County) from 1878-1879.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John W. Wilson Collection, 1766-1963, consists of a variety of documents (receipts, deeds, accounts, and letters) relating mostly to Jacob Bear, Benjamin Graves, Jacob Sipe, and the Dean (Deane, Deen) and Harnsberger (Hansberger) families of Rockingham, Madison, Orange, and Augusta counties, Virginia from 1766 to 1963. Of particular interest are the 1842 Elk Run Class Book; the 1858-59 Housekeeping Book, which lists household and farm items needed for life at the time; and accounts of the Mt. Vernon Iron Works (Rockingham County) from 1878-1879."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3908edb8fd21628256513524ee036c24\"\u003eThis collection is comprised of a variety of documents, including letters, deeds, indentures, receipts, and accounts, all relating to Jacob Bear, Benjamin Graves, Jacob Sipe, and the Dean (Deane, Deen) and the Harnsberger family.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a variety of documents, including letters, deeds, indentures, receipts, and accounts, all relating to Jacob Bear, Benjamin Graves, Jacob Sipe, and the Dean (Deane, Deen) and the Harnsberger family."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Mt. Vernon Iron Works (Rockingham County. Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Mt. Vernon Iron Works (Rockingham County. 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Wilson Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1766-1963"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1766-1963"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1766/1963"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John W. Wilson Collection, 1766/1963"],"text":["John W. Wilson Collection, 1766/1963","SC 0122","/repositories/4/resources/207","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Madison County (Va.) -- History","Orange County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Surveys","Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Elk Run class book","Rural families","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia","Housekeeping -- Sources","Home economics -- Accounting","Home economics -- Equipment and supplies","Farm management -- Sources","Slave bills of sale","Business -- History","Estate planning","Trust indentures","Deeds of trust","Deeds -- Virginia","African Americans -- Virginia","Real property -- Virginia","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged chronologically.","Wayland, John Walter. A History of Rockingham County, VA. Ruebush-Elkins Co.: Dayton, VA, 1912.","The Mount Vernon Iron Furnace was located in Brown's Gap, Virginia, and was started by the Faussett family. It was built in 1848 and was operated by the Miller family, John F. Lewis, and a variety of others until 1878.","Donated by John \"Bill\" Wilson Jr. of Port Republic, Virginia in December 1995.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3012.","The John W. Wilson Collection, 1766-1963, consists of a variety of documents (receipts, deeds, accounts, and letters) relating mostly to Jacob Bear, Benjamin Graves, Jacob Sipe, and the Dean (Deane, Deen) and Harnsberger (Hansberger) families of Rockingham, Madison, Orange, and Augusta counties, Virginia from 1766 to 1963. Of particular interest are the 1842 Elk Run Class Book; the 1858-59 Housekeeping Book, which lists household and farm items needed for life at the time; and accounts of the Mt. Vernon Iron Works (Rockingham County) from 1878-1879.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This collection is comprised of a variety of documents, including letters, deeds, indentures, receipts, and accounts, all relating to Jacob Bear, Benjamin Graves, Jacob Sipe, and the Dean (Deane, Deen) and the Harnsberger family.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Mt. Vernon Iron Works (Rockingham County. Va.)","Bear family","Graves family","Sipe family","Dean family","Harnsberger family","Bear family -- Correspondence","Graves family -- Correspondence","Sipe family -- Correspondence","Dean family -- Correspondence","Harnsberger family -- Correspondence","Wilson, John W.","Bear, Jacob","Graves, Benjamin","Sipe, Jacob","Bear, Jacob -- Wills","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John W. Wilson Collection, 1766/1963"],"collection_ssim":["John W. 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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John Walter. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Rockingham County, VA\u003c/emph\u003e. Ruebush-Elkins Co.: Dayton, VA, 1912.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John Walter. A History of Rockingham County, VA. Ruebush-Elkins Co.: Dayton, VA, 1912."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Mount Vernon Iron Furnace was located in Brown's Gap, Virginia, and was started by the Faussett family. It was built in 1848 and was operated by the Miller family, John F. Lewis, and a variety of others until 1878.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Mount Vernon Iron Furnace was located in Brown's Gap, Virginia, and was started by the Faussett family. It was built in 1848 and was operated by the Miller family, John F. Lewis, and a variety of others until 1878."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonated by John \"Bill\" Wilson Jr. of Port Republic, Virginia in December 1995.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Acquisition Information"],"custodhist_tesim":["Donated by John \"Bill\" Wilson Jr. of Port Republic, Virginia in December 1995."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], John W. Wilson Collection, 1766-1963, SC 0122, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], John W. Wilson Collection, 1766-1963, SC 0122, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3012.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3012."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John W. Wilson Collection, 1766-1963, consists of a variety of documents (receipts, deeds, accounts, and letters) relating mostly to Jacob Bear, Benjamin Graves, Jacob Sipe, and the Dean (Deane, Deen) and Harnsberger (Hansberger) families of Rockingham, Madison, Orange, and Augusta counties, Virginia from 1766 to 1963. Of particular interest are the 1842 Elk Run Class Book; the 1858-59 Housekeeping Book, which lists household and farm items needed for life at the time; and accounts of the Mt. Vernon Iron Works (Rockingham County) from 1878-1879.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John W. Wilson Collection, 1766-1963, consists of a variety of documents (receipts, deeds, accounts, and letters) relating mostly to Jacob Bear, Benjamin Graves, Jacob Sipe, and the Dean (Deane, Deen) and Harnsberger (Hansberger) families of Rockingham, Madison, Orange, and Augusta counties, Virginia from 1766 to 1963. Of particular interest are the 1842 Elk Run Class Book; the 1858-59 Housekeeping Book, which lists household and farm items needed for life at the time; and accounts of the Mt. Vernon Iron Works (Rockingham County) from 1878-1879."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3908edb8fd21628256513524ee036c24\"\u003eThis collection is comprised of a variety of documents, including letters, deeds, indentures, receipts, and accounts, all relating to Jacob Bear, Benjamin Graves, Jacob Sipe, and the Dean (Deane, Deen) and the Harnsberger family.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a variety of documents, including letters, deeds, indentures, receipts, and accounts, all relating to Jacob Bear, Benjamin Graves, Jacob Sipe, and the Dean (Deane, Deen) and the Harnsberger family."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Mt. Vernon Iron Works (Rockingham County. Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Mt. Vernon Iron Works (Rockingham County. 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Va.)","Bear family","Graves family","Sipe family","Dean family","Harnsberger family","Bear family -- Correspondence","Graves family -- Correspondence","Sipe family -- Correspondence","Dean family -- Correspondence","Harnsberger family -- Correspondence","Wilson, John W.","Bear, Jacob","Graves, Benjamin","Sipe, Jacob","Bear, Jacob -- Wills"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":65,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_207"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7773","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Notation of prices for enslaved persons from Columbia, South Carolina, 1864","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7773#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gary Alonzo Barranger","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7773#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eFolded Confederate letter address sheet that was later used to record the prices for enslaved persons sold in that area in 1864. 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It was possibly an auction tally."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Gary Alonzo Barranger"],"names_coll_ssim":["Gary Alonzo Barranger"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Gary Alonzo Barranger"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:45:26.564Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7773","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7773","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7773","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7773","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_7773.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Notation of prices for enslaved persons from Columbia, South Carolina","title_ssm":["Notation of prices for enslaved persons from Columbia, South Carolina"],"title_tesim":["Notation of prices for enslaved persons from Columbia, South Carolina"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864 May 30"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1864 May 30"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Notation of prices for enslaved persons from Columbia, South Carolina, 1864"],"text":["Notation of prices for enslaved persons from Columbia, South Carolina, 1864","SC 01370","/repositories/2/resources/7773","Slave bills of sale","African Americans","Collection is open to all researchers. 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Translation of document included in the collection.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Barranger \u0026 Company, Inc.","Spanish; Castilian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Notice of sale of enslaved man, Manuel, 1877"],"collection_ssim":["Notice of sale of enslaved man, Manuel, 1877"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01635","/repositories/2/resources/8432"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01635","/repositories/2/resources/8432"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Barranger \u0026 Company, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Barranger \u0026 Company, Inc."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Barranger \u0026 Company, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Barranger \u0026 Company, Inc."],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Barranger \u0026 Company, Inc., 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- Cuba","Slave bills of sale"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- Cuba","Slave bills of sale"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1877],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNotice of sale of enslaved man, Manuel, 1877 November 26, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Notice of sale of enslaved man, Manuel, 1877 November 26, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCuban document that confirms the sale of Manual from Antonio Maria Hernandez to D. Vacemcelo, signed in the city of Alacranes.  Translation of document included in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Cuban document that confirms the sale of Manual from Antonio Maria Hernandez to D. Vacemcelo, signed in the city of Alacranes.  Translation of document included in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Barranger \u0026 Company, Inc."],"names_coll_ssim":["Barranger \u0026 Company, Inc."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Barranger \u0026 Company, Inc."],"language_ssim":["Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:46:30.461Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8432"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_412_c02_c23","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Slave Purchase Documents, 1794/1825","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_412_c02_c23#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_412_c02_c23","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_412_c02_c23"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_412_c02_c23","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_412","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_412","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_412_c02","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_412_c02","parent_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society Collection, 1740/1950","Business/Institutional Documents"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_412","vihart_repositories_4_resources_412_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Slave Purchase Documents","title_ssm":["Slave Purchase Documents"],"title_tesim":["Slave Purchase Documents"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Slave Purchase Documents, 1794/1825"],"text":["Slave Purchase Documents, 1794/1825","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society Collection, 1740/1950","Business/Institutional Documents","box 3","folder 5","Slave bills of sale"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society Collection, 1740/1950","Business/Institutional Documents"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society Collection, 1740/1950","Business/Institutional Documents"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1794/1825"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-1825"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":65,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society Collection, 1740/1950"],"extent_ssm":["3 items"],"extent_tesim":["3 items"],"containers_ssim":["box 3","folder 5"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Maps.","Legal/Governmental Documents\n      Business/Institutional Documents\n      Individual/Family Documents\n      Maps"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society Collection, 1740-1950, SC 0117, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society Collection, 1740-1950, SC 0117, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2095\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. 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For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8b0c0cf7d8d4e5e3173df401b85e0033\"\u003eThis collection consists of approximately 1,700 items, in six boxes and one flat folder, and covers the dates 1740-1950. The collection is comprised of a very wide variety of legal, governmental, business, school, and church records, as well as personal papers, all primarily from the Central Shenandoah Valley (Rockingham, Shenandoah, Augusta, and Page counties). Most are originals, but some facsimiles are included.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of approximately 1,700 items, in six boxes and one flat folder, and covers the dates 1740-1950. The collection is comprised of a very wide variety of legal, governmental, business, school, and church records, as well as personal papers, all primarily from the Central Shenandoah Valley (Rockingham, Shenandoah, Augusta, and Page counties). Most are originals, but some facsimiles are included."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":112,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_412_c02_c23"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423_c01_c09","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Stephens family slavery documents, 1856/1863","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_423_c01_c09#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423_c01_c09","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_423_c01_c09"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423_c01_c09","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423_c01","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423_c01","parent_ssim":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995","Personal Papers, 1813/1938"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","vihart_repositories_4_resources_423_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Stephens family slavery documents","title_ssm":["Stephens family slavery documents"],"title_tesim":["Stephens family slavery documents"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Stephens family slavery documents, 1856/1863"],"text":["Stephens family slavery documents, 1856/1863","Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995","Personal Papers, 1813/1938","box 1","folder 8","Slave bills of sale"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995","Personal Papers, 1813/1938"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995","Personal Papers, 1813/1938"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1856/1863"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1856-1863"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":10,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 8"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slave bills of sale"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slave bills of sale"],"date_range_isim":[1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#8","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_423","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_423.xml","title_ssm":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1812-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1812-1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1812/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995"],"text":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995","SC 0251","/repositories/4/resources/423","Confederate States of America -- History","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taxation -- Confederate States of America","Tax collection -- Confederate States of America","Greeting cards","Valentines","Sexism","Racism in cartoons","Race discrimination","Letters (correspondence)","Personal papers","Love letters","Estate inventories","Financial Records","Caricatures","Printed Ephemera","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Postcards","Newspaper clippings","Family papers","Vinegar valentines","Photograph albums","Diaries","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Out of scope materials and materials with negligible research value including assorted newspaper clippings and obituaries, Christmas cards, large quantities of empty envelopes without correspondence, real estate listings, and assorted printed ephemera were heavily weeded from the 2018-0430 accrual.","The collections is arranged in five series:","Personal Papers, 1813-1938\n      Correspondence, 1857-1931, 1991\n      Ephemera, 1916-1957\n      Genealogical Materials, 1812\n      2018 accessions, 1867-1995","Find a Grave. Myrtie Alice Stephens Yount, Memorial # 40849297. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/40849297) Accessed October 18, 2017.","Find a Grave. Richard A. Stephens, Memorial # 76255269. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/76255269) Accessed October 18, 2017.","\"United States Census, 1870,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFGC-MP2 : 12 April 2016), Richard Stephens, Virginia, United States; citing p. 69, family 485, NARA microfilm publication M593 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 553,175.","Yount, J. B. III. \"Fifty-seven quilts from four generations,\" Augusta County Historical Bulletin 50 (2014): 155-165.","\"Yount-Stephens.\" The Rockingham Register, September 25, 1891.","Richard Anderson Stephens, variously spelled Stevens, Steven, and Stephen, was born January 6, 1831 to John Stephens (1804-1848) and Martha Burnsides Stephens Cowan (1806-1895) of Melrose, Rockingham County, Virginia. He is the grandson of Ludwig/Lewis Stephens (1747-1817) and Elizabeth Wolf Stephens (1775-1836). Documentary evidence contained within this collection confirms that John Stephens owned enslaved persons and Richard Stephens was involved in financial transactions concerning said enslaved persons after the death of his father and prior to the end of the Civil War.","Stephens married Mary Dovel Stephens and together they had nine children, six of whom lived into adulthood – Martha Josephine \"Josie\" (1856-1899), Laura Belle (1862-1934), Myrtie Alice (1867-1946), Sallie Georgiana (1870-1938), Bettie Lee, and John W. All of the aforementioned children are documented in this collection, with some to a lesser degree than others.","Documentary evidence suggests Stephens likely did not serve during the Civil War. As early as June 19, 1861, he was deemed medically unfit from serving during the Civil War. His exemption was due to a chronic \"disease of stomach and bowels of long standing.\"","According to the U. S. Census, Stephen's occupation was that of a farmer though he also held other positions in the community. He acted as the administrator of the estate of Reuben Holt Humbert of Augusta County and also served as the guardian for his younger siblings William L. Stephens and Fannie Stephens. In November 1861, Stephens was appointed Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. As early as 1887 he was appointed director of the Valley Turnpike Company. Richard Stephens died November 5, 1890 and is buried in Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg alongside much of his family.","A large portion of this collection also documents Myrtie Stephens (1867-1946), daughter of Richard and Mary Dovel Stephens. Myrtie married Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount (1848-1934) of Augusta County on September 23, 1891. The wedding was held at the home of Mary Stephens, near Melrose. The courtship between Myrtie and J. B. is chronicled in this collection with dozens of letters written between the two. It is likely that Myrtie and J. B. were semi-distant cousins as J. B. often refers to his future wife as \"Cousin\" in his letters to her. Additionally, Myrtie's maternal grandmother was named Barbara Yount Dovel (1797-1863), and it is through this family line that the couple was likely related. Myrtie was a school teacher for at least part of her life. This collection documents her career with lesson books, teaching contracts, and correspondence. The children of Myrtie and J.B. Yount are documented in the 2018 accession materials.","The materials that comprise this collection descended through the Stephens and Yount families of Rockingham and Augusta counties. After the October 2, 2016 death of Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount III, much of the Yount estate was sold by Green Valley Auctions in Mt. Crawford, Virginia on June 9, 2017.","The materials in this series share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they were part of the June 9, 2017 Green Valley Auctions sale of the J.B. Yount estate.","Given the age and condition of the collection, select items underwent preservation treatment for stabilization, including flattening. Particularly fragile documents are housed in Mylar sleeves. The materials in this collection were largely received piecemeal, in addition to one large acquisition. There was no particular arrangement to the materials and as a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type, creator, and date. Photographs related to presumed genealogical research trips were removed from their paper backing and foldered in their original order. All corresponding captions were written on the backs of the photographs.","The Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, and ephemera. Documents of particular interest relate to the sale, purchase, and hire of enslaved persons, and Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War.","Series 1: Personal Papers, 1813-1938, is generally comprised of tax receipts, financial documents, agreements, promissory notes, deeds, indentures, insurance policies, wills, and other miscellaneous papers documenting Richard Stephens primarily, and also other immediate Stephens family members.","Of particular interest are the papers documenting the buying, selling, and hiring of enslaved persons between the Stephens family and other community members. Many of the enslaved persons were purchased or inherited from the estate of John Stephens, Richard Stephens' father. The enslaved persons are only referred to by name in three documents and are otherwise described as \"negro\" or \"slave.\" They are identified as Ellen, Hester, Hannah, and five children named Henry, Isaiah, Margaret, John, and George.","A folder of papers documenting Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War is also included. The papers include surgeons' and doctors' description of Stephens' maladies, certifying that he is incapable of military duty. Additional documents mention his substitute, Benjamin Barr. Stephens' amnesty oath, dated June 20, 1865, is also included and is foldered chronologically with his papers.","A sizable portion of this series documents Richard Stephens acting in the capacity of estate administrator, particularly for Reuben Holt Humbert, and guardian to his younger siblings, Phebe Francis \"Fannie\" Stephens and William L. Stephens. These documents are primarily receipts with additional materials documenting the estates of the aforementioned persons, particularly Reuben Humbert. Humbert's personal property inventories are included as is a Confederate States of America registered bond.","The wills of Richard Stephens and his daughter Sallie Stephens are included. Sallie's will is notable in that she directs her executor to move \"all of my dead relatives that are buried in the family lot [Dovel-Stephens Family Cemetery]\" to her \"lot in Woodbine Cemetery, and there placed along with sister Laura and I, at the expense of my estate.\" Sallie died in 1938 and all of her deceased family members were removed to Woodbine Cemetery in 1940.","Materials related to Myrtie Stephens Yount's career as a teacher include two teaching contracts, printed examinations, and handwritten school material. Though many of these are not identified, it is presumed that they were used by Myrtie in her teaching.","Three military furloughs dated 1862 and 1863 and signed by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Rodman Drake DeKay (1836-1886) are also included, but have no apparent connection to the Stephens family.","Oversize materials include an 1813 land indenture between Valentine and Nancy Wolf and Jacob Wolf. Valentine Wolf was Lewis Stephens' father-in-law. Lewis Stephens was Richard Stephens' grandfather and is also mentioned in several documents pertaining to Stephens' father, John Stephens. Also housed in oversize is a January 8, 1891 broadside advertising the public sale of Richard Stephens' personal property. The broadside describes 26 head of stock cattle, 100 tons of prime timothy hay, 300 bushels of wheat, and various farm implements.","Series 2: Correspondence, 1857-1931, 1991, contains letters to and from several members of the Stephens and Yount families. Corresponding envelopes are included as are envelopes with no corresponding letter.","A significant portion of the collection comprises the correspondence of Myrtie Stephens Yount, daughter of Richard and Mary E. Stephens. The correspondence is largely comprised of letters addressed to Myrtie with many of the letters from her future husband and cousin Joseph Byron Yount. Generally, the subject matter of the correspondence is newsy, providing updates on family and community members. While most of the correspondence between the couple dates prior to their marriage, a few letters date to after their September 1891 marriage. Of interest is a hastily written letter dated July 10, 1899 from Myrtie to Yount in which she delivers the news that her sister Josie has passed away. In the letter, Myrtie requests her husband bring her mourning clothes to her as soon as is possible. Another notable letter is dated June 14, 1899 to Myrtie Yount in which the correspondent recounts going to Harrisonburg for the unveiling of the Turner Ashby monument. Much of Myrtie's correspondence also discusses her and her colleague's teaching careers. One particular letter dated November 6, 1890 is written to Myrtie by a fellow teacher. He writes about his experiences teaching children in Brocks Gap.","A limited selection of correspondence addressed to or written by Richard Stephens, Mary E. Stephens, Josie Stephens, Sallie Stephens, and Laura Stephens is also included. Of note is a letter from Henry T. Garnett, Chief Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for Virginia, to Richard Stephens, dated November 6, 1861, appointing Stephens Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. A handwritten note by Garnett on the back of the letter reads: \"The owners of slaves are to give me the value and pay the tax upon all their negroes, whether said negroes are hired out or in their service.\" Stephens' November 1887 letter and certificate of reappointment as director of the Valley Turnpike Company is also included.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1916-1957, includes newspaper clippings, photographs, postcards, and a few miscellaneous items including a half stick of chewing gum dating to 1916. Noteworthy items include a folder of seven vinegar valentines featuring color illustrations and corresponding poems. These lithographs likely date to the late nineteenth or early twentieth century and feature racist sentiments or are otherwise insulting in tone. Two of the lithographs evoke Jim Crow era values and depict African Americans with stereotypical physical characteristics.","Series 4: Genealogical Materials, 1812, were presumably collected by Joseph Byron Yount III, the last private owner of the Stephens and Yount Family Papers, as part of his genealogical research into his family. The subject files include undated photographs and facsimiles of primary source material relating to the Yount family in Pennsylvania. Of interest is a handwritten genealogical note relating to Ludwig/Lewis Stephens, the grandfather of Richard Stephens.","Series 5: 2018 Accessions, 1867-1995, comprises materials acquired in two separate accessions in 2018. Personal papers, research and genealogical materials, and photographs relate directly to immediate and extended Yount family members, specifically the children of Myrtie Stephens Yount and J.B. Yount.","Spotswood Hall, Turner Ashby Monument, New Hope Garage, Goshen, New Hope High School, South River, Matthew Fontaine Maury Memorial at Goshen Pass, Marine's Camp at Ft. Defiance, Harriston, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial, U.S. Capitol, assorted Washington DC sights and buildings, Hightown, Monterey, Towers School, pet fawn, Natural Chimneys/Cyclopean Towers and jousting tournament, Langley Field, Naval Base, Jamestown, Yorktown, Richmond, Virginia Beach, Mt. Solon Dam, Stonewall Cottage (Melrose), North River Dam, Blacksburg, Castle Hill, University of Virginia, Kanawha River, Chicago World's Fair, Handley High School, Apple Blossom Festival, Skyline Drive, etc.","(Accession 2018-0315)","Inscribed: \"Presented to C.E. Koiner by J. Yount. May 1867\"","Includes a young J.B. Yount III while a cadet at Fishburne Military School.","The May 16, 1844 issue of The Sentinel of the Shenandoah Valley and a copy of A Choice Selection of Hymns: From Various Authors, Recommended for the Worship of God… have been removed from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections rare book collection. The right edge of the newspaper has been trimmed and, as a result, the issue is incomplete.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, photographs, and ephemera.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall","Stephens family","Yount family","Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995"],"collection_ssim":["Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812/1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0251","/repositories/4/resources/423"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0251","/repositories/4/resources/423"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Confederate States of America -- History","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Confederate States of America -- History","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Confederate States of America -- History","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890","Stephens family","Yount family","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall"],"creator_ssim":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890","Stephens family","Yount family","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Stephens family","Yount family"],"creators_ssim":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall","Stephens family","Yount family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired in many parts from eBay auctions and directly from the seller, Tim Abbott. Two additions were acquired in 2018 from Black Swan Books and Rolling Hills Antique Mall."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taxation -- Confederate States of America","Tax collection -- Confederate States of America","Greeting cards","Valentines","Sexism","Racism in cartoons","Race discrimination","Letters (correspondence)","Personal papers","Love letters","Estate inventories","Financial Records","Caricatures","Printed Ephemera","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Postcards","Newspaper clippings","Family papers","Vinegar valentines","Photograph albums","Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taxation -- Confederate States of America","Tax collection -- Confederate States of America","Greeting cards","Valentines","Sexism","Racism in cartoons","Race discrimination","Letters (correspondence)","Personal papers","Love letters","Estate inventories","Financial Records","Caricatures","Printed Ephemera","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Postcards","Newspaper clippings","Family papers","Vinegar valentines","Photograph albums","Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.4 cubic feet 7 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.4 cubic feet 7 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Personal papers","Love letters","Estate inventories","Financial Records","Caricatures","Printed Ephemera","Genealogies (histories)","Photographs","Postcards","Newspaper clippings","Family papers","Vinegar valentines","Photograph albums","Diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOut of scope materials and materials with negligible research value including assorted newspaper clippings and obituaries, Christmas cards, large quantities of empty envelopes without correspondence, real estate listings, and assorted printed ephemera were heavily weeded from the 2018-0430 accrual.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Out of scope materials and materials with negligible research value including assorted newspaper clippings and obituaries, Christmas cards, large quantities of empty envelopes without correspondence, real estate listings, and assorted printed ephemera were heavily weeded from the 2018-0430 accrual."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collections is arranged in five series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1813-1938\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1857-1931, 1991\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1916-1957\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGenealogical Materials, 1812\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2018 accessions, 1867-1995\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collections is arranged in five series:","Personal Papers, 1813-1938\n      Correspondence, 1857-1931, 1991\n      Ephemera, 1916-1957\n      Genealogical Materials, 1812\n      2018 accessions, 1867-1995"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFind a Grave\u003c/emph\u003e. Myrtie Alice Stephens Yount, Memorial # 40849297. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/40849297) Accessed October 18, 2017.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFind a Grave\u003c/emph\u003e. Richard A. Stephens, Memorial # 76255269. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/76255269) Accessed October 18, 2017.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"United States Census, 1870,\" database with images, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFamilySearch\u003c/emph\u003e (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFGC-MP2 : 12 April 2016), Richard Stephens, Virginia, United States; citing p. 69, family 485, NARA microfilm publication M593 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 553,175.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eYount, J. B. III. \"Fifty-seven quilts from four generations,\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAugusta County Historical Bulletin\u003c/emph\u003e 50 (2014): 155-165.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Yount-Stephens.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Rockingham Register\u003c/emph\u003e, September 25, 1891.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Find a Grave. Myrtie Alice Stephens Yount, Memorial # 40849297. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/40849297) Accessed October 18, 2017.","Find a Grave. Richard A. Stephens, Memorial # 76255269. (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/76255269) Accessed October 18, 2017.","\"United States Census, 1870,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFGC-MP2 : 12 April 2016), Richard Stephens, Virginia, United States; citing p. 69, family 485, NARA microfilm publication M593 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.); FHL microfilm 553,175.","Yount, J. B. III. \"Fifty-seven quilts from four generations,\" Augusta County Historical Bulletin 50 (2014): 155-165.","\"Yount-Stephens.\" The Rockingham Register, September 25, 1891."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Anderson Stephens, variously spelled Stevens, Steven, and Stephen, was born January 6, 1831 to John Stephens (1804-1848) and Martha Burnsides Stephens Cowan (1806-1895) of Melrose, Rockingham County, Virginia. He is the grandson of Ludwig/Lewis Stephens (1747-1817) and Elizabeth Wolf Stephens (1775-1836). Documentary evidence contained within this collection confirms that John Stephens owned enslaved persons and Richard Stephens was involved in financial transactions concerning said enslaved persons after the death of his father and prior to the end of the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStephens married Mary Dovel Stephens and together they had nine children, six of whom lived into adulthood – Martha Josephine \"Josie\" (1856-1899), Laura Belle (1862-1934), Myrtie Alice (1867-1946), Sallie Georgiana (1870-1938), Bettie Lee, and John W. All of the aforementioned children are documented in this collection, with some to a lesser degree than others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentary evidence suggests Stephens likely did not serve during the Civil War. As early as June 19, 1861, he was deemed medically unfit from serving during the Civil War. His exemption was due to a chronic \"disease of stomach and bowels of long standing.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccording to the U. S. Census, Stephen's occupation was that of a farmer though he also held other positions in the community. He acted as the administrator of the estate of Reuben Holt Humbert of Augusta County and also served as the guardian for his younger siblings William L. Stephens and Fannie Stephens. In November 1861, Stephens was appointed Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. As early as 1887 he was appointed director of the Valley Turnpike Company. Richard Stephens died November 5, 1890 and is buried in Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg alongside much of his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA large portion of this collection also documents Myrtie Stephens (1867-1946), daughter of Richard and Mary Dovel Stephens. Myrtie married Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount (1848-1934) of Augusta County on September 23, 1891. The wedding was held at the home of Mary Stephens, near Melrose. The courtship between Myrtie and J. B. is chronicled in this collection with dozens of letters written between the two. It is likely that Myrtie and J. B. were semi-distant cousins as J. B. often refers to his future wife as \"Cousin\" in his letters to her. Additionally, Myrtie's maternal grandmother was named Barbara Yount Dovel (1797-1863), and it is through this family line that the couple was likely related. Myrtie was a school teacher for at least part of her life. This collection documents her career with lesson books, teaching contracts, and correspondence. The children of Myrtie and J.B. Yount are documented in the 2018 accession materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Anderson Stephens, variously spelled Stevens, Steven, and Stephen, was born January 6, 1831 to John Stephens (1804-1848) and Martha Burnsides Stephens Cowan (1806-1895) of Melrose, Rockingham County, Virginia. He is the grandson of Ludwig/Lewis Stephens (1747-1817) and Elizabeth Wolf Stephens (1775-1836). Documentary evidence contained within this collection confirms that John Stephens owned enslaved persons and Richard Stephens was involved in financial transactions concerning said enslaved persons after the death of his father and prior to the end of the Civil War.","Stephens married Mary Dovel Stephens and together they had nine children, six of whom lived into adulthood – Martha Josephine \"Josie\" (1856-1899), Laura Belle (1862-1934), Myrtie Alice (1867-1946), Sallie Georgiana (1870-1938), Bettie Lee, and John W. All of the aforementioned children are documented in this collection, with some to a lesser degree than others.","Documentary evidence suggests Stephens likely did not serve during the Civil War. As early as June 19, 1861, he was deemed medically unfit from serving during the Civil War. His exemption was due to a chronic \"disease of stomach and bowels of long standing.\"","According to the U. S. Census, Stephen's occupation was that of a farmer though he also held other positions in the community. He acted as the administrator of the estate of Reuben Holt Humbert of Augusta County and also served as the guardian for his younger siblings William L. Stephens and Fannie Stephens. In November 1861, Stephens was appointed Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. As early as 1887 he was appointed director of the Valley Turnpike Company. Richard Stephens died November 5, 1890 and is buried in Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg alongside much of his family.","A large portion of this collection also documents Myrtie Stephens (1867-1946), daughter of Richard and Mary Dovel Stephens. Myrtie married Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount (1848-1934) of Augusta County on September 23, 1891. The wedding was held at the home of Mary Stephens, near Melrose. The courtship between Myrtie and J. B. is chronicled in this collection with dozens of letters written between the two. It is likely that Myrtie and J. B. were semi-distant cousins as J. B. often refers to his future wife as \"Cousin\" in his letters to her. Additionally, Myrtie's maternal grandmother was named Barbara Yount Dovel (1797-1863), and it is through this family line that the couple was likely related. Myrtie was a school teacher for at least part of her life. This collection documents her career with lesson books, teaching contracts, and correspondence. The children of Myrtie and J.B. Yount are documented in the 2018 accession materials."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials that comprise this collection descended through the Stephens and Yount families of Rockingham and Augusta counties. After the October 2, 2016 death of Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount III, much of the Yount estate was sold by Green Valley Auctions in Mt. Crawford, Virginia on June 9, 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they were part of the June 9, 2017 Green Valley Auctions sale of the J.B. Yount estate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance","Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The materials that comprise this collection descended through the Stephens and Yount families of Rockingham and Augusta counties. After the October 2, 2016 death of Joseph Byron \"J. B.\" Yount III, much of the Yount estate was sold by Green Valley Auctions in Mt. Crawford, Virginia on June 9, 2017.","The materials in this series share provenance with the rest of the collection in that they were part of the June 9, 2017 Green Valley Auctions sale of the J.B. Yount estate."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, SC 0251, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, SC 0251, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiven the age and condition of the collection, select items underwent preservation treatment for stabilization, including flattening. Particularly fragile documents are housed in Mylar sleeves. The materials in this collection were largely received piecemeal, in addition to one large acquisition. There was no particular arrangement to the materials and as a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type, creator, and date. Photographs related to presumed genealogical research trips were removed from their paper backing and foldered in their original order. All corresponding captions were written on the backs of the photographs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Given the age and condition of the collection, select items underwent preservation treatment for stabilization, including flattening. Particularly fragile documents are housed in Mylar sleeves. The materials in this collection were largely received piecemeal, in addition to one large acquisition. There was no particular arrangement to the materials and as a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type, creator, and date. Photographs related to presumed genealogical research trips were removed from their paper backing and foldered in their original order. All corresponding captions were written on the backs of the photographs."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, and ephemera. Documents of particular interest relate to the sale, purchase, and hire of enslaved persons, and Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Personal Papers, 1813-1938, is generally comprised of tax receipts, financial documents, agreements, promissory notes, deeds, indentures, insurance policies, wills, and other miscellaneous papers documenting Richard Stephens primarily, and also other immediate Stephens family members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest are the papers documenting the buying, selling, and hiring of enslaved persons between the Stephens family and other community members. Many of the enslaved persons were purchased or inherited from the estate of John Stephens, Richard Stephens' father. The enslaved persons are only referred to by name in three documents and are otherwise described as \"negro\" or \"slave.\" They are identified as Ellen, Hester, Hannah, and five children named Henry, Isaiah, Margaret, John, and George.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA folder of papers documenting Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War is also included. The papers include surgeons' and doctors' description of Stephens' maladies, certifying that he is incapable of military duty. Additional documents mention his substitute, Benjamin Barr. Stephens' amnesty oath, dated June 20, 1865, is also included and is foldered chronologically with his papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sizable portion of this series documents Richard Stephens acting in the capacity of estate administrator, particularly for Reuben Holt Humbert, and guardian to his younger siblings, Phebe Francis \"Fannie\" Stephens and William L. Stephens. These documents are primarily receipts with additional materials documenting the estates of the aforementioned persons, particularly Reuben Humbert. Humbert's personal property inventories are included as is a Confederate States of America registered bond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe wills of Richard Stephens and his daughter Sallie Stephens are included. Sallie's will is notable in that she directs her executor to move \"all of my dead relatives that are buried in the family lot [Dovel-Stephens Family Cemetery]\" to her \"lot in Woodbine Cemetery, and there placed along with sister Laura and I, at the expense of my estate.\" Sallie died in 1938 and all of her deceased family members were removed to Woodbine Cemetery in 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Myrtie Stephens Yount's career as a teacher include two teaching contracts, printed examinations, and handwritten school material. Though many of these are not identified, it is presumed that they were used by Myrtie in her teaching.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree military furloughs dated 1862 and 1863 and signed by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Rodman Drake DeKay (1836-1886) are also included, but have no apparent connection to the Stephens family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize materials include an 1813 land indenture between Valentine and Nancy Wolf and Jacob Wolf. Valentine Wolf was Lewis Stephens' father-in-law. Lewis Stephens was Richard Stephens' grandfather and is also mentioned in several documents pertaining to Stephens' father, John Stephens. Also housed in oversize is a January 8, 1891 broadside advertising the public sale of Richard Stephens' personal property. The broadside describes 26 head of stock cattle, 100 tons of prime timothy hay, 300 bushels of wheat, and various farm implements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence, 1857-1931, 1991, contains letters to and from several members of the Stephens and Yount families. Corresponding envelopes are included as are envelopes with no corresponding letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA significant portion of the collection comprises the correspondence of Myrtie Stephens Yount, daughter of Richard and Mary E. Stephens. The correspondence is largely comprised of letters addressed to Myrtie with many of the letters from her future husband and cousin Joseph Byron Yount. Generally, the subject matter of the correspondence is newsy, providing updates on family and community members. While most of the correspondence between the couple dates prior to their marriage, a few letters date to after their September 1891 marriage. Of interest is a hastily written letter dated July 10, 1899 from Myrtie to Yount in which she delivers the news that her sister Josie has passed away. In the letter, Myrtie requests her husband bring her mourning clothes to her as soon as is possible. Another notable letter is dated June 14, 1899 to Myrtie Yount in which the correspondent recounts going to Harrisonburg for the unveiling of the Turner Ashby monument. Much of Myrtie's correspondence also discusses her and her colleague's teaching careers. One particular letter dated November 6, 1890 is written to Myrtie by a fellow teacher. He writes about his experiences teaching children in Brocks Gap.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA limited selection of correspondence addressed to or written by Richard Stephens, Mary E. Stephens, Josie Stephens, Sallie Stephens, and Laura Stephens is also included. Of note is a letter from Henry T. Garnett, Chief Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for Virginia, to Richard Stephens, dated November 6, 1861, appointing Stephens Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. A handwritten note by Garnett on the back of the letter reads: \"The owners of slaves are to give me the value and pay the tax upon all their negroes, whether said negroes are hired out or in their service.\" Stephens' November 1887 letter and certificate of reappointment as director of the Valley Turnpike Company is also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Ephemera, 1916-1957, includes newspaper clippings, photographs, postcards, and a few miscellaneous items including a half stick of chewing gum dating to 1916. Noteworthy items include a folder of seven vinegar valentines featuring color illustrations and corresponding poems. These lithographs likely date to the late nineteenth or early twentieth century and feature racist sentiments or are otherwise insulting in tone. Two of the lithographs evoke Jim Crow era values and depict African Americans with stereotypical physical characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Genealogical Materials, 1812, were presumably collected by Joseph Byron Yount III, the last private owner of the Stephens and Yount Family Papers, as part of his genealogical research into his family. The subject files include undated photographs and facsimiles of primary source material relating to the Yount family in Pennsylvania. Of interest is a handwritten genealogical note relating to Ludwig/Lewis Stephens, the grandfather of Richard Stephens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: 2018 Accessions, 1867-1995, comprises materials acquired in two separate accessions in 2018. Personal papers, research and genealogical materials, and photographs relate directly to immediate and extended Yount family members, specifically the children of Myrtie Stephens Yount and J.B. Yount.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpotswood Hall, Turner Ashby Monument, New Hope Garage, Goshen, New Hope High School, South River, Matthew Fontaine Maury Memorial at Goshen Pass, Marine's Camp at Ft. Defiance, Harriston, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial, U.S. Capitol, assorted Washington DC sights and buildings, Hightown, Monterey, Towers School, pet fawn, Natural Chimneys/Cyclopean Towers and jousting tournament, Langley Field, Naval Base, Jamestown, Yorktown, Richmond, Virginia Beach, Mt. Solon Dam, Stonewall Cottage (Melrose), North River Dam, Blacksburg, Castle Hill, University of Virginia, Kanawha River, Chicago World's Fair, Handley High School, Apple Blossom Festival, Skyline Drive, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(Accession 2018-0315)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInscribed: \"Presented to C.E. Koiner by J. Yount. May 1867\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a young J.B. Yount III while a cadet at Fishburne Military School.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, and ephemera. Documents of particular interest relate to the sale, purchase, and hire of enslaved persons, and Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War.","Series 1: Personal Papers, 1813-1938, is generally comprised of tax receipts, financial documents, agreements, promissory notes, deeds, indentures, insurance policies, wills, and other miscellaneous papers documenting Richard Stephens primarily, and also other immediate Stephens family members.","Of particular interest are the papers documenting the buying, selling, and hiring of enslaved persons between the Stephens family and other community members. Many of the enslaved persons were purchased or inherited from the estate of John Stephens, Richard Stephens' father. The enslaved persons are only referred to by name in three documents and are otherwise described as \"negro\" or \"slave.\" They are identified as Ellen, Hester, Hannah, and five children named Henry, Isaiah, Margaret, John, and George.","A folder of papers documenting Richard Stephens' medical exemption from military service during the Civil War is also included. The papers include surgeons' and doctors' description of Stephens' maladies, certifying that he is incapable of military duty. Additional documents mention his substitute, Benjamin Barr. Stephens' amnesty oath, dated June 20, 1865, is also included and is foldered chronologically with his papers.","A sizable portion of this series documents Richard Stephens acting in the capacity of estate administrator, particularly for Reuben Holt Humbert, and guardian to his younger siblings, Phebe Francis \"Fannie\" Stephens and William L. Stephens. These documents are primarily receipts with additional materials documenting the estates of the aforementioned persons, particularly Reuben Humbert. Humbert's personal property inventories are included as is a Confederate States of America registered bond.","The wills of Richard Stephens and his daughter Sallie Stephens are included. Sallie's will is notable in that she directs her executor to move \"all of my dead relatives that are buried in the family lot [Dovel-Stephens Family Cemetery]\" to her \"lot in Woodbine Cemetery, and there placed along with sister Laura and I, at the expense of my estate.\" Sallie died in 1938 and all of her deceased family members were removed to Woodbine Cemetery in 1940.","Materials related to Myrtie Stephens Yount's career as a teacher include two teaching contracts, printed examinations, and handwritten school material. Though many of these are not identified, it is presumed that they were used by Myrtie in her teaching.","Three military furloughs dated 1862 and 1863 and signed by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Rodman Drake DeKay (1836-1886) are also included, but have no apparent connection to the Stephens family.","Oversize materials include an 1813 land indenture between Valentine and Nancy Wolf and Jacob Wolf. Valentine Wolf was Lewis Stephens' father-in-law. Lewis Stephens was Richard Stephens' grandfather and is also mentioned in several documents pertaining to Stephens' father, John Stephens. Also housed in oversize is a January 8, 1891 broadside advertising the public sale of Richard Stephens' personal property. The broadside describes 26 head of stock cattle, 100 tons of prime timothy hay, 300 bushels of wheat, and various farm implements.","Series 2: Correspondence, 1857-1931, 1991, contains letters to and from several members of the Stephens and Yount families. Corresponding envelopes are included as are envelopes with no corresponding letter.","A significant portion of the collection comprises the correspondence of Myrtie Stephens Yount, daughter of Richard and Mary E. Stephens. The correspondence is largely comprised of letters addressed to Myrtie with many of the letters from her future husband and cousin Joseph Byron Yount. Generally, the subject matter of the correspondence is newsy, providing updates on family and community members. While most of the correspondence between the couple dates prior to their marriage, a few letters date to after their September 1891 marriage. Of interest is a hastily written letter dated July 10, 1899 from Myrtie to Yount in which she delivers the news that her sister Josie has passed away. In the letter, Myrtie requests her husband bring her mourning clothes to her as soon as is possible. Another notable letter is dated June 14, 1899 to Myrtie Yount in which the correspondent recounts going to Harrisonburg for the unveiling of the Turner Ashby monument. Much of Myrtie's correspondence also discusses her and her colleague's teaching careers. One particular letter dated November 6, 1890 is written to Myrtie by a fellow teacher. He writes about his experiences teaching children in Brocks Gap.","A limited selection of correspondence addressed to or written by Richard Stephens, Mary E. Stephens, Josie Stephens, Sallie Stephens, and Laura Stephens is also included. Of note is a letter from Henry T. Garnett, Chief Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for Virginia, to Richard Stephens, dated November 6, 1861, appointing Stephens Collector of the Confederate States War Tax for the 3rd District of Rockingham County. A handwritten note by Garnett on the back of the letter reads: \"The owners of slaves are to give me the value and pay the tax upon all their negroes, whether said negroes are hired out or in their service.\" Stephens' November 1887 letter and certificate of reappointment as director of the Valley Turnpike Company is also included.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1916-1957, includes newspaper clippings, photographs, postcards, and a few miscellaneous items including a half stick of chewing gum dating to 1916. Noteworthy items include a folder of seven vinegar valentines featuring color illustrations and corresponding poems. These lithographs likely date to the late nineteenth or early twentieth century and feature racist sentiments or are otherwise insulting in tone. Two of the lithographs evoke Jim Crow era values and depict African Americans with stereotypical physical characteristics.","Series 4: Genealogical Materials, 1812, were presumably collected by Joseph Byron Yount III, the last private owner of the Stephens and Yount Family Papers, as part of his genealogical research into his family. The subject files include undated photographs and facsimiles of primary source material relating to the Yount family in Pennsylvania. Of interest is a handwritten genealogical note relating to Ludwig/Lewis Stephens, the grandfather of Richard Stephens.","Series 5: 2018 Accessions, 1867-1995, comprises materials acquired in two separate accessions in 2018. Personal papers, research and genealogical materials, and photographs relate directly to immediate and extended Yount family members, specifically the children of Myrtie Stephens Yount and J.B. Yount.","Spotswood Hall, Turner Ashby Monument, New Hope Garage, Goshen, New Hope High School, South River, Matthew Fontaine Maury Memorial at Goshen Pass, Marine's Camp at Ft. Defiance, Harriston, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial, U.S. Capitol, assorted Washington DC sights and buildings, Hightown, Monterey, Towers School, pet fawn, Natural Chimneys/Cyclopean Towers and jousting tournament, Langley Field, Naval Base, Jamestown, Yorktown, Richmond, Virginia Beach, Mt. Solon Dam, Stonewall Cottage (Melrose), North River Dam, Blacksburg, Castle Hill, University of Virginia, Kanawha River, Chicago World's Fair, Handley High School, Apple Blossom Festival, Skyline Drive, etc.","(Accession 2018-0315)","Inscribed: \"Presented to C.E. Koiner by J. Yount. May 1867\"","Includes a young J.B. Yount III while a cadet at Fishburne Military School."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe May 16, 1844 issue of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Sentinel of the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e and a copy of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Choice Selection of Hymns: From Various Authors, Recommended for the Worship of God…\u003c/emph\u003e have been removed from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections rare book collection. The right edge of the newspaper has been trimmed and, as a result, the issue is incomplete.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The May 16, 1844 issue of The Sentinel of the Shenandoah Valley and a copy of A Choice Selection of Hymns: From Various Authors, Recommended for the Worship of God… have been removed from the collection and cataloged as part of Special Collections rare book collection. The right edge of the newspaper has been trimmed and, as a result, the issue is incomplete."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ba57889d7ff83f0fcf341190658eb73b\"\u003eThe Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, photographs, and ephemera.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Stephens and Yount Family Papers, 1812-1995, primarily document the Richard Stephens family of Rockingham County, Virginia and his descendants. Materials include correspondence, receipts, financial documents, indentures, deeds, photographs, and ephemera."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall"],"names_coll_ssim":["eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall"],"famname_ssim":["Stephens family","Yount family"],"persname_ssim":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","Tim Abbott Americana","Rolling Hills Antique Mall","Stephens family","Yount family","Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":87,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_423_c01_c09"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9131","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas Mead Letter, 14 January 1836, 1836","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9131#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThomas Mead, of Lynchburg, Virginia, writes to his brother-in-law Frederick Carper, of Fairfax City, Virginia. The letter mentions their political differences and discusses laborers from Pennsylvania coming to work on the James River Canal (which was never completed). Mead describes these white laborers as a \"motley crew\" and mentions \"Lynches law\" as a method to deal with them. Enslaved \"hands\" were hired from $100 to $150 per year to work on the project. Mead mentions prices for enslaved persons, a decrease in land cost, western migration, market prices for wheat, and shares personal news.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9131#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9131","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9131","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9131","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9131","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9131.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Thomas Mead Letter, 14 January 1836","title_ssm":["Thomas Mead Letter, 14 January 1836"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Mead Letter, 14 January 1836"],"unitdate_ssm":["14 January 1836"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["14 January 1836"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1836"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Mead Letter, 14 January 1836, 1836"],"text":["Thomas Mead Letter, 14 January 1836, 1836","SC 01683","/repositories/2/resources/9131","Slave labor","Slave bills of sale","Canals--Virginia","Merchants--Virginia--Lynchburg","Lynching--United States--History","Extrajudicial executions","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Thomas Mead (1795-1847) was a county surveyor in Bedford County, Virginia. He was married to Martha (nee Carper) Mead and his son, Henry, owned the Warrenton Journal of Fauquier County. \n\nFrederick Carper (1799-1846) was a farmer, magistrate, and road commisioner in Fairfax County, Virginia.","Thomas Mead, of Lynchburg, Virginia, writes to his brother-in-law Frederick Carper, of Fairfax City, Virginia. The letter mentions their political differences and discusses laborers from Pennsylvania coming to work on the James River Canal (which was never completed). Mead describes these white laborers as a \"motley crew\" and mentions \"Lynches law\" as a method to deal with them. Enslaved \"hands\" were hired from $100 to $150 per year to work on the project. 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