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Gale Photograph Album","Norfolk (Va.)","Roanoke (Va.)","Salem (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Photographs","Scrapbooks","The collection is open for research.","This collection has been digitized and is  available online .","Charlotte Dryden Gale, daughter of Joseph A. and Elizabeth Fleming Simmons Gale, was born in Roanoke, Virginia, on March 24, 1880. In the 1900 federal census, she appears as \"Lottie B. Gale,\" living in the home of her parents on  Roanoke's Jefferson Street; she continued to live at the Jefferson Street residence through 1920. She married Paul Perry Hunter (1884-1961), filling station operator, in Philadelphia in 1921, and the couple lived in Roanoke.  She was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Charlotte Gale Hunter died in Roanoke on March 1, 1971, and was buried in the city's Evergreen Burial Park.","The guide to the Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album commenced and was completed in September, 2022.","This collection consists of a photograph album compiled by Charlotte D. Gale of Roanoke, Virginia, at the end of the 19th century. The album contains approximately 40 photos and includes scenes from Crockett Springs, Roanoke, Salem, and Norfolk, Virginia, most featuring identified family and friends. Among the other scenes are photos of the Norfolk \u0026 Western office building, Crystal Springs, and a Forepaugh and Sells Brothers Circus parade. The album also contains copies of a few letters, written by Gale apparently as practice; a list of personal expenses for the first three months of 1900; and a recipe for photographic developer solution.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Photograph album compiled by Charlotte D. Gale, a resident of Roanoke, Virginia, with scenes from Crockett Springs, Roanoke, Salem, and Norfolk, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Gale, Charlotte D.","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1990.044"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album"],"collection_ssim":["Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)","Roanoke (Va.)","Salem (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)","Roanoke (Va.)","Salem (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Gale, Charlotte D."],"creator_ssim":["Gale, Charlotte D."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gale, Charlotte D."],"creators_ssim":["Gale, Charlotte D."],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)","Roanoke (Va.)","Salem (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charlotte D. 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In the 1900 federal census, she appears as \"Lottie B. Gale,\" living in the home of her parents on  Roanoke's Jefferson Street; she continued to live at the Jefferson Street residence through 1920. She married Paul Perry Hunter (1884-1961), filling station operator, in Philadelphia in 1921, and the couple lived in Roanoke.  She was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Charlotte Gale Hunter died in Roanoke on March 1, 1971, and was buried in the city's Evergreen Burial Park.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charlotte Dryden Gale, daughter of Joseph A. and Elizabeth Fleming Simmons Gale, was born in Roanoke, Virginia, on March 24, 1880. In the 1900 federal census, she appears as \"Lottie B. Gale,\" living in the home of her parents on  Roanoke's Jefferson Street; she continued to live at the Jefferson Street residence through 1920. She married Paul Perry Hunter (1884-1961), filling station operator, in Philadelphia in 1921, and the couple lived in Roanoke.  She was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Charlotte Gale Hunter died in Roanoke on March 1, 1971, and was buried in the city's Evergreen Burial Park."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album, Ms1990-044, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album, Ms1990-044, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album commenced and was completed in September, 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album commenced and was completed in September, 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a photograph album compiled by Charlotte D. Gale of Roanoke, Virginia, at the end of the 19th century. The album contains approximately 40 photos and includes scenes from Crockett Springs, Roanoke, Salem, and Norfolk, Virginia, most featuring identified family and friends. Among the other scenes are photos of the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western office building, Crystal Springs, and a Forepaugh and Sells Brothers Circus parade. The album also contains copies of a few letters, written by Gale apparently as practice; a list of personal expenses for the first three months of 1900; and a recipe for photographic developer solution.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a photograph album compiled by Charlotte D. Gale of Roanoke, Virginia, at the end of the 19th century. The album contains approximately 40 photos and includes scenes from Crockett Springs, Roanoke, Salem, and Norfolk, Virginia, most featuring identified family and friends. Among the other scenes are photos of the Norfolk \u0026 Western office building, Crystal Springs, and a Forepaugh and Sells Brothers Circus parade. The album also contains copies of a few letters, written by Gale apparently as practice; a list of personal expenses for the first three months of 1900; and a recipe for photographic developer solution."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e3d36723508e9a6d6911d27cb09022bb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePhotograph album compiled by Charlotte D. Gale, a resident of Roanoke, Virginia, with scenes from Crockett Springs, Roanoke, Salem, and Norfolk, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Photograph album compiled by Charlotte D. Gale, a resident of Roanoke, Virginia, with scenes from Crockett Springs, Roanoke, Salem, and Norfolk, Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Gale, Charlotte D."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Gale, Charlotte D."],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:27:56.305Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1778","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1778","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1778","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1778","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1778.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gale, Charlotte D. 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She married Paul Perry Hunter (1884-1961), filling station operator, in Philadelphia in 1921, and the couple lived in Roanoke.  She was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Charlotte Gale Hunter died in Roanoke on March 1, 1971, and was buried in the city's Evergreen Burial Park.","The guide to the Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album commenced and was completed in September, 2022.","This collection consists of a photograph album compiled by Charlotte D. Gale of Roanoke, Virginia, at the end of the 19th century. The album contains approximately 40 photos and includes scenes from Crockett Springs, Roanoke, Salem, and Norfolk, Virginia, most featuring identified family and friends. Among the other scenes are photos of the Norfolk \u0026 Western office building, Crystal Springs, and a Forepaugh and Sells Brothers Circus parade. The album also contains copies of a few letters, written by Gale apparently as practice; a list of personal expenses for the first three months of 1900; and a recipe for photographic developer solution.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Photograph album compiled by Charlotte D. Gale, a resident of Roanoke, Virginia, with scenes from Crockett Springs, Roanoke, Salem, and Norfolk, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Gale, Charlotte D.","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1990.044"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album"],"collection_ssim":["Charlotte D. 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Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charlotte D. 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In the 1900 federal census, she appears as \"Lottie B. Gale,\" living in the home of her parents on  Roanoke's Jefferson Street; she continued to live at the Jefferson Street residence through 1920. She married Paul Perry Hunter (1884-1961), filling station operator, in Philadelphia in 1921, and the couple lived in Roanoke.  She was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Charlotte Gale Hunter died in Roanoke on March 1, 1971, and was buried in the city's Evergreen Burial Park.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charlotte Dryden Gale, daughter of Joseph A. and Elizabeth Fleming Simmons Gale, was born in Roanoke, Virginia, on March 24, 1880. In the 1900 federal census, she appears as \"Lottie B. Gale,\" living in the home of her parents on  Roanoke's Jefferson Street; she continued to live at the Jefferson Street residence through 1920. She married Paul Perry Hunter (1884-1961), filling station operator, in Philadelphia in 1921, and the couple lived in Roanoke.  She was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Charlotte Gale Hunter died in Roanoke on March 1, 1971, and was buried in the city's Evergreen Burial Park."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album, Ms1990-044, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album, Ms1990-044, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album commenced and was completed in September, 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Charlotte D. Gale Photograph Album commenced and was completed in September, 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a photograph album compiled by Charlotte D. Gale of Roanoke, Virginia, at the end of the 19th century. The album contains approximately 40 photos and includes scenes from Crockett Springs, Roanoke, Salem, and Norfolk, Virginia, most featuring identified family and friends. Among the other scenes are photos of the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western office building, Crystal Springs, and a Forepaugh and Sells Brothers Circus parade. The album also contains copies of a few letters, written by Gale apparently as practice; a list of personal expenses for the first three months of 1900; and a recipe for photographic developer solution.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a photograph album compiled by Charlotte D. Gale of Roanoke, Virginia, at the end of the 19th century. The album contains approximately 40 photos and includes scenes from Crockett Springs, Roanoke, Salem, and Norfolk, Virginia, most featuring identified family and friends. Among the other scenes are photos of the Norfolk \u0026 Western office building, Crystal Springs, and a Forepaugh and Sells Brothers Circus parade. The album also contains copies of a few letters, written by Gale apparently as practice; a list of personal expenses for the first three months of 1900; and a recipe for photographic developer solution."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e3d36723508e9a6d6911d27cb09022bb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePhotograph album compiled by Charlotte D. Gale, a resident of Roanoke, Virginia, with scenes from Crockett Springs, Roanoke, Salem, and Norfolk, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Photograph album compiled by Charlotte D. Gale, a resident of Roanoke, Virginia, with scenes from Crockett Springs, Roanoke, Salem, and Norfolk, Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Gale, Charlotte D."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Gale, Charlotte D."],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:27:56.305Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1778"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_383","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company of West Virginia, Scrapbook","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_383#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company of West Virginia","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_383#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Scrapbook titled LOOK TO THE WEALTH OF WEST VIRGINIA, containing layouts for ads prepared by the Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company of West Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_383#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_383","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_383","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_383","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_383","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_383.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/194998","title_ssm":["Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company of West Virginia, Scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company of West Virginia, Scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1962"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1962"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/383"],"text":["A\u0026M 2413","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/383","Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company of West Virginia, Scrapbook","Advertising","Scrapbooks","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. 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CSO showcases Chinese culture and tradition through campus-wide shows during the Harvest Moon Festival and the Lunar New Year. Other events and activities include IM sports, formals, campus-wide fundraising events such as dumpling sales, and trips to Virginia Beach for dim sum.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Chinese Student Organization (CSO) is a William \u0026 Mary organization whose main objective is to create an academic and interactive social environment to provide a setting for Chinese students and students interested in Chinese culture to engage and share their cultural experiences. They work with college administration, other William \u0026 Mary student organizations, CSO alumni, and Chinese student organizations at other universities. CSO showcases Chinese culture and tradition through campus-wide shows during the Harvest Moon Festival and the Lunar New Year. Other events and activities include IM sports, formals, campus-wide fundraising events such as dumpling sales, and trips to Virginia Beach for dim sum."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChinese Student Organization (CSO) records, Special Collection Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Chinese Student Organization (CSO) records, Special Collection Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes materials that document the activities of the Chinese Student Organization (CSO). Materials include items such as scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes materials that document the activities of the Chinese Student Organization (CSO). Materials include items such as scrapbooks."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:14:22.811Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9938"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_416#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_416#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eChisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner (1900-2001; 2 cubic feet) consists of letters, newspaper clippings,scrapbooks, and photographs from the life of Frank Gardiner Wisner including his intelligence career, track achievements and scholarship at the University of Virginia, 1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, and his family.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_416#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_416.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/114086","title_filing_ssi":"Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner","title_ssm":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner"],"title_tesim":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16333","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/416"],"text":["MSS 16333","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/416","Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner","photographs","clippings (information artifacts)","Scrapbooks","The collection is open for research use.","Frank Gardiner Wisner who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for more than two decades was born in 1909 in Laurel, Mississippi and attended boarding school at Woodberry Forest in Orange, Virginia, after completing high school in Laurel, Mississippi. He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard \u0026 Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.  His intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire. In 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London. In those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments. Mr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).","Wisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information.  He also obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.\n       He established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951). \n     Wisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.     \n     After twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy.  He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation.  He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.  \n    As an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.\n    He made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.\n    He worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.  \n   He was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. Many of his friends wrote that he was a hero who gave his life for his country.","MSS 15049 Frank Gardiner Wisner Papers in Small Special Collections Library","Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner (1900-2001; 2 cubic feet) consists of letters, newspaper clippings,scrapbooks, and photographs from the life of Frank Gardiner Wisner including his intelligence career, track achievements and scholarship at the University of Virginia,  1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, and his family.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16333","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/416"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner"],"collection_title_tesim":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner"],"collection_ssim":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"creator_ssim":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"creators_ssim":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the Chisholm Foundation (Lex Lindsay) to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["photographs","clippings (information artifacts)","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["photographs","clippings (information artifacts)","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Cubic Feet 1 document box, 1 half-width document box, 1 flat box, and oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Cubic Feet 1 document box, 1 half-width document box, 1 flat box, and oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs","clippings (information artifacts)","Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frank Gardiner Wisner who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for more than two decades was born in 1909 in Laurel, Mississippi and attended boarding school at Woodberry Forest in Orange, Virginia, after completing high school in Laurel, Mississippi. He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard \u0026 Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.  His intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire. In 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London. In those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments. Mr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).","Wisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information.  He also obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.\n       He established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951). \n     Wisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.     \n     After twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy.  He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation.  He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.  \n    As an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.\n    He made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.\n    He worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.  \n   He was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. Many of his friends wrote that he was a hero who gave his life for his country."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16333 Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, Albert and Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16333 Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, Albert and Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 15049 Frank Gardiner Wisner Papers in Small Special Collections Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MSS 15049 Frank Gardiner Wisner Papers in Small Special Collections Library"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner (1900-2001; 2 cubic feet) consists of letters, newspaper clippings,scrapbooks, and photographs from the life of Frank Gardiner Wisner including his intelligence career, track achievements and scholarship at the University of Virginia,  1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, and his family.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner (1900-2001; 2 cubic feet) consists of letters, newspaper clippings,scrapbooks, and photographs from the life of Frank Gardiner Wisner including his intelligence career, track achievements and scholarship at the University of Virginia,  1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, and his family."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:49:52.904Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank Gardiner Wisner who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for more than two decades was born in 1909 in Laurel, Mississippi and attended boarding school at Woodberry Forest in Orange, Virginia, after completing high school in Laurel, Mississippi. He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard \u0026amp; Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.  His intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire. In 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London. In those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments. Mr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information.  He also obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.\n       He established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951). \n     Wisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.     \n     After twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy.  He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation.  He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.  \n    As an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.\n    He made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.\n    He worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.  \n   He was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. Many of his friends wrote that he was a hero who gave his life for his country.\u003c/p\u003e"],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_416","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_416.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/114086","title_filing_ssi":"Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner","title_ssm":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner"],"title_tesim":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16333","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/416"],"text":["MSS 16333","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/416","Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner","photographs","clippings (information artifacts)","Scrapbooks","The collection is open for research use.","Frank Gardiner Wisner who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for more than two decades was born in 1909 in Laurel, Mississippi and attended boarding school at Woodberry Forest in Orange, Virginia, after completing high school in Laurel, Mississippi. He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard \u0026 Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.  His intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire. In 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London. In those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments. Mr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).","Wisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information.  He also obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.\n       He established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951). \n     Wisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.     \n     After twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy.  He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation.  He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.  \n    As an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.\n    He made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.\n    He worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.  \n   He was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. 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He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard \u0026 Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.  His intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire. In 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London. In those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments. Mr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).","Wisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information.  He also obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.\n       He established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951). \n     Wisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.     \n     After twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy.  He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation.  He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.  \n    As an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.\n    He made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.\n    He worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.  \n   He was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. Many of his friends wrote that he was a hero who gave his life for his country."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16333 Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, Albert and Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16333 Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner, Albert and Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 15049 Frank Gardiner Wisner Papers in Small Special Collections Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MSS 15049 Frank Gardiner Wisner Papers in Small Special Collections Library"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner (1900-2001; 2 cubic feet) consists of letters, newspaper clippings,scrapbooks, and photographs from the life of Frank Gardiner Wisner including his intelligence career, track achievements and scholarship at the University of Virginia,  1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, and his family.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Chisholm Foundation collection on Frank Gardiner Wisner (1900-2001; 2 cubic feet) consists of letters, newspaper clippings,scrapbooks, and photographs from the life of Frank Gardiner Wisner including his intelligence career, track achievements and scholarship at the University of Virginia,  1932 Olympics in Los Angeles, and his family."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Wisner, Frank, 1909-1965"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:49:52.904Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank Gardiner Wisner who worked for the Central Intelligence Agency for more than two decades was born in 1909 in Laurel, Mississippi and attended boarding school at Woodberry Forest in Orange, Virginia, after completing high school in Laurel, Mississippi. He obtained his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia (1934) and became an attorney for Carter, Ledyard \u0026amp; Milburn in New York from 1934 to 1947.  His intelligence career began in 1941 as an Officer of the Navy Censor's Office. From 1941 to 1946, he was promoted to positions of increasing responsibility with the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Office of Strategic Services, and the Strategic Services Unit. He received the Legion of Merit award and the Kings Insignia from the British Empire. In 1948, Mr. Wisner joined the Central Intelligence Agency, serving as Assistant Director for Policy Coordination until 1951, as Deputy Director (Plans) until 1959, and later as Chief of Station, London. In those demanding and difficult capacities, often under conditions of great stress, Mr. Wisner demonstrated a wide range of the most admirable qualities and talents, which he gave to the service of his country without stint. His breadth and depth of knowledge, his professional competence, his precise judgement, his utter dedication to duty, his imagination, resourcefulness, integrity and courage won the respect of subordinates, peers, and superiors alike. His natural leadership was founded upon an unusually sensitive understanding of other people, as well as upon his own precept and example. Under his able guidance, an important element of the Agency was developed from meager beginnings and achieved substantial accomplishments. Mr. Wisner's distinguished career, matched by very few other intelligence officers of any country or any time, contributed greatly to the security of the United States, in keeping with the best traditions of patriotic service and reflected high credit on him and the Central Intelligence Agency. (Taken in part from his citation in being awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWisner's early service career was characterized by his outstanding communication skills and superior management style. He openly shared information with his colleagues and was known for his methodical analysis and clarity of thought. He was responsible for gathering information and building communications between the Rumanians, Soviets, and British. He had a close relationship with Rica Georgescu which gave him access to high officials in the Rumanian government. For a time his close work with the Russians allowed him access to their daily bomb information.  He also obtained permission from the Rumanian government for the United States to evacuate thousands of allied prisoners of war.\n       He established a program to influence domestic and foreign media against communism. He collaborated closely with newspaper editors and journalists, giving them important public relations information that promoted patriotism. He also oversaw the finances of the CIA and strongly supported pro-American forces in Iran (1953) and Guatemala (1951). \n     Wisner was passionate about stopping the spread of Communism, which came from his experiences in Rumania when he watched the Soviets plan to take over Eastern Europe. When the Soviets invaded Hungary in 1956, Wisner was devastated that the U. S. did not come to their aid. After this crushing blow, he struggled with illness, received psychological treatment and significantly reduced his workload, although he was still a consultant for the government, and a station chief in London from 1960 to 1962.     \n     After twenty-one years in the government service (from 1941 to 1962) he retired and directed his interests towards private industry where he felt that he could improve international business interests and promote the education of the public, particularly young people, in their knowledge of history and democracy.  He was involved in fund raising for St. Antony's College at Oxford, (with President William Deakin), and The Conservation Foundation.  He also studied the growth of several profitable companies, carefully invested in their stock and acted as a consultant to promote diversification and growth of the companies. He made investments in oil, land, farms, timber, and paper.  \n    As an attorney, he gave legal advice to colleagues, literary agents, and businesspersons and was an advisor for authors and publishers of novels about spies, former Nazis or world leaders. He helped to ensure that their manuscripts were historically accurate accounts or at least credible to readers. He was also keen to make sure that national security interests were always protected.\n    He made himself available to others who were interested in a career in the government. He studied resumes and gave very high recommendations to well- educated young people who showed promise. His letters from colleagues and friends reveal that he was a very kind person that cared about the careers of other people. He helped individuals from all over the world and in all positions in life with obtaining citizenship, visas or employment.\n    He worked under several presidents, Harry S. Truman, David Eisenhower, John Kennedy, and Lyndon Johnson. He also worked very closely with other C.I.A. Directors including Allen W. Dulles, John McCone, and Richard Helms (who was initially Deputy to Wisner), as well as other well-known individuals in intelligence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, ambassadors, diplomats, scholars, and journalists in the major American newspapers, including The New York Times and The Washington Post.  \n   He was also passionate about hunting and he travelled across the country and to Spain several times a year to attend shooting parties while discussing the problems of the world with his close friends. In addition to his love for hunting, he had been a star athlete in track and was eligible for the 1936 Olympics. In October of 1965, he succumbed to the illness that made him escalate between high and low mood swings, by taking his own life. Many of his friends wrote that he was a hero who gave his life for his country.\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_416"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2690","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Christine Henderson Scrapbook","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2690#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eScrapbook of Christine Henderson, class of 1924, Williamsburg High School. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Christine Henderson was in the Class of 1924 of Williamsburg High School in Williamsburg, Virginia. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristine Henderson was in the Class of 1924 of Williamsburg High School in Williamsburg, Virginia. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Christine_Henderson\" title=\"Christine Henderson\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Christine Henderson was in the Class of 1924 of Williamsburg High School in Williamsburg, Virginia. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristine Henderson Scrapbook, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Christine Henderson Scrapbook, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eScrapbook of Christine Henderson, class of 1924, Williamsburg High School. 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Memorabilia includes original photographs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Williamsburg High School (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg High School (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg High School (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:07:08.477Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2690","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2690","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2690","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2690","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2690.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Henderson, Christine Scrapbook","title_ssm":["Christine Henderson Scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Christine Henderson Scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1920-1924"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1920-1924"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 00610","/repositories/2/resources/2690"],"text":["SC 00610","/repositories/2/resources/2690","Christine Henderson Scrapbook","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Education--Virginia--Williamsburg--20th century","Matthew Whaley School (Williamsburg, Va.)","Scrapbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. 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Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Christine_Henderson\" title=\"Christine Henderson\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Christine Henderson was in the Class of 1924 of Williamsburg High School in Williamsburg, Virginia. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristine Henderson Scrapbook, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Christine Henderson Scrapbook, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eScrapbook of Christine Henderson, class of 1924, Williamsburg High School. 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Memorabilia includes original photographs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Williamsburg High School (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg High School (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg High School (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:07:08.477Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2690"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1674","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Christopher Wren Singers Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1674#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Christopher Wren Singers","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1674#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eContains letters, post cards, scrapbooks, audio CDs and other material related to the Christopher Wren Singers, an a capella student organization that specializes in singing madrigal music. 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Included in the accession are letters and postcards from alumni, scrapbooks of events from 1991-2001, and a 2012 book celebrating 25 years of the Cristopher Wren Singers."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCDs and DAT tapes of concerts and recordings sessions were separated from this collection and added to the University Archives Audiovisual Collection (UA 58) on 4/19/2013.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Artifacts transferred to the University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13) include: Christopher Wren Singers Polo Shirt (UA 2013.066.19).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e A folder of fliers related to the Christopher Wren Singers was separated from the Student Organizations Collection (UA 7.047) and was added to this collection on 4/19/2013.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["CDs and DAT tapes of concerts and recordings sessions were separated from this collection and added to the University Archives Audiovisual Collection (UA 58) on 4/19/2013."," Artifacts transferred to the University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13) include: Christopher Wren Singers Polo Shirt (UA 2013.066.19)."," A folder of fliers related to the Christopher Wren Singers was separated from the Student Organizations Collection (UA 7.047) and was added to this collection on 4/19/2013."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Christopher Wren Singers"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Christopher Wren Singers"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":57,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:28:13.704Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1674"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_325","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cincinnatus Monument scrapbooks","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_325#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lincoln, Percy M., Jr. (Percy Marsh), 1931-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_325#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of two scrapbooks that document the history and dedication of VMI's Cincinnatus Monument. The monument was unveiled and dedicated on November 11, 1983. 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Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—History","Virginia Military Institute—Scrapbooks","Virginia Military Institute—Special events","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—History","Virginia Military Institute—Scrapbooks","Virginia Military Institute—Special events","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 items"],"extent_tesim":["2 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCincinnatus Monument scrapbooks, 1982-1984. MS 0243. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Cincinnatus Monument scrapbooks, 1982-1984. MS 0243. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of two scrapbooks that document the history and dedication of VMI's Cincinnatus Monument. The monument was unveiled and dedicated on November 11, 1983. The scrapbooks were compiled by Monument Committee member Percy M. \"Pete\" Lincoln, Jr. (VMI Class of 1957).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of two scrapbooks that document the history and dedication of VMI's Cincinnatus Monument. The monument was unveiled and dedicated on November 11, 1983. The scrapbooks were compiled by Monument Committee member Percy M. \"Pete\" Lincoln, Jr. (VMI Class of 1957)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. 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Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e828170396a326a57135782c6cd65f2b\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Lincoln, Percy M., Jr. (Percy Marsh), 1931-"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Lincoln, Percy M., Jr. (Percy Marsh), 1931-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-12T07:08:30.178Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_325","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_325","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_325","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_325","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_325.xml","title_ssm":["Cincinnatus Monument scrapbooks"],"title_tesim":["Cincinnatus Monument scrapbooks"],"unitdate_ssm":["1982-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1982-1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0243","/repositories/3/resources/325"],"text":["MS.0243","/repositories/3/resources/325","Cincinnatus Monument scrapbooks","Virginia Military Institute—Buildings, structures, etc.","Virginia Military Institute—History","Virginia Military Institute—Scrapbooks","Virginia Military Institute—Special events","Scrapbooks","There are no restrictions.","This collection consists of two scrapbooks that document the history and dedication of VMI's Cincinnatus Monument. 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VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Cincinnatus Monument scrapbooks, 1982-1984. MS 0243. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of two scrapbooks that document the history and dedication of VMI's Cincinnatus Monument. The monument was unveiled and dedicated on November 11, 1983. The scrapbooks were compiled by Monument Committee member Percy M. \"Pete\" Lincoln, Jr. (VMI Class of 1957).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of two scrapbooks that document the history and dedication of VMI's Cincinnatus Monument. The monument was unveiled and dedicated on November 11, 1983. 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One of the scrapbooks includes photographs, clippings, correspondence, and announcements of various events in the organization from 1964 to 1965. The other scrapbook is disbound and out of order, but contains photographs, clippings, ephemera, and reports pertaining to Circle K from 1958 to 1964. There are also loose clippings, photographs, and certificates from circa 1958 to 1985 that may have been part of a scrapbook at one point in time.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3725#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3725","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3725","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3725","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3725","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_3725.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Circle K International Records","title_ssm":["Circle K International Records"],"title_tesim":["Circle K International Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1958-2009","1958-1964"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1958-1964"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1958-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 7.053","/repositories/2/resources/3725"],"text":["UA 7.053","/repositories/2/resources/3725","Circle K International Records","College of William and Mary--Students","Student Life--1950's","Student Life--1960's","Student Organizations--Circle K","Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Printed ephemera","Reports","Ribbons","Scrapbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is not yet fully arranged and described. Researchers may wish to consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using the collection.","Founded in 1958 at the College of William and Mary, Circle K International is an international co-educational service organization sponsored by Kiwanis International. The three core tenets of the Circle K club are service, fellowship, and leadership. More information about Circle K at the College of William and Mary can be found on their website at  . Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  .","The fragile nature of this material may limit handling.","Accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in May 2010.","University Archives Poster Collection (UA 12); Robert E. Gatten, Jr. Papers (UA 5.019); University Archives Photograph Collection (UA 8); Office of the President Records, Thomas Ashley Graves (UA 2.16, Acc. 1981.081, box 5) and other Office of the President Records.","This collection contains two scrapbooks and various loose clippings and photographs related to the student service group Circle K International at the College of William and Mary. One of the scrapbooks includes photographs, clippings, correspondence, and announcements of various events in the organization from 1964 to 1965. The other scrapbook is disbound and out of order, but contains photographs, clippings, ephemera, and reports pertaining to Circle K from 1958 to 1964. There are also loose clippings, photographs, and certificates from circa 1958 to 1985 that may have been part of a scrapbook at one point in time.","The collection also includes fliers and announcements for Circle K International from 1967 to the present that were previously part of the Student Organizations Collection.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 7.053","/repositories/2/resources/3725"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Circle K International Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Circle K International Records"],"collection_ssim":["Circle K International Records"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2010.266 was hand delivered to the SCRC by Kathryn V. Phillips of Circle K International on April 28, 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--Students","Student Life--1950's","Student Life--1960's","Student Organizations--Circle K","Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Printed ephemera","Reports","Ribbons","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--Students","Student Life--1950's","Student Life--1960's","Student Organizations--Circle K","Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Printed ephemera","Reports","Ribbons","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Clippings (information artifacts)","Photographs","Printed ephemera","Reports","Ribbons","Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is not yet fully arranged and described. Researchers may wish to consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is not yet fully arranged and described. Researchers may wish to consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1958 at the College of William and Mary, Circle K International is an international co-educational service organization sponsored by Kiwanis International. The three core tenets of the Circle K club are service, fellowship, and leadership. More information about Circle K at the College of William and Mary can be found on their website at \u003cextref href=\"http://www.wmcki.org/aboutcki.php\" title=\"aboutcki.php\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Circle_K_International\" title=\"Circle K International\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded in 1958 at the College of William and Mary, Circle K International is an international co-educational service organization sponsored by Kiwanis International. The three core tenets of the Circle K club are service, fellowship, and leadership. More information about Circle K at the College of William and Mary can be found on their website at  . Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  ."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe fragile nature of this material may limit handling.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics or Technical Requirements:"],"phystech_tesim":["The fragile nature of this material may limit handling."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCircle K International Records, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Circle K International Records, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in May 2010.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in May 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUniversity Archives Poster Collection (UA 12); Robert E. 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The other scrapbook is disbound and out of order, but contains photographs, clippings, ephemera, and reports pertaining to Circle K from 1958 to 1964. There are also loose clippings, photographs, and certificates from circa 1958 to 1985 that may have been part of a scrapbook at one point in time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes fliers and announcements for Circle K International from 1967 to the present that were previously part of the Student Organizations Collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains two scrapbooks and various loose clippings and photographs related to the student service group Circle K International at the College of William and Mary. One of the scrapbooks includes photographs, clippings, correspondence, and announcements of various events in the organization from 1964 to 1965. The other scrapbook is disbound and out of order, but contains photographs, clippings, ephemera, and reports pertaining to Circle K from 1958 to 1964. 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Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Circle_K_International\" title=\"Circle K International\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded in 1958 at the College of William and Mary, Circle K International is an international co-educational service organization sponsored by Kiwanis International. The three core tenets of the Circle K club are service, fellowship, and leadership. More information about Circle K at the College of William and Mary can be found on their website at  . 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