{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Science+and+Technology\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Lee%2C+John+A.+N.","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Science+and+Technology\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Lee%2C+John+A.+N.\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1280","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John A. N. Lee Papers, 1973/1990","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1280#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lee, John A. 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In 1973, the National Bureau of Standards contracted with Lee to form a \"nucleus standard for the BASIC programming language.\"","Lee joined the faculty of Virginia Tech in 1974. Here, he assisted in the development of a graduate program and extended the undergraduate program. He served as chairman of the undergraduate program for many years and developed several new courses.","The recipient of several distinguished awards, Lee has made significant contributions to the development of computer language standards, the history of computing, and professional development. His interest in history led Lee to organize the 1982 25th anniversary commemoration of FORTRAN programming. Among his many other activities, he served as editor and editor-in-chief of the Annals of the History of Computing from 1987 to 1995.","The guide to the John A. N. Lee Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The John A. N. Lee Papers are unprocessed. The guide is a preliminary inventory, created in 2005.","This collection contains the papers of John A. N. Lee, civil engineer, professor of computer science, author and editor. The collection is essentially comprised of two sets of materials:","Boxes 1-3 contain materials relating to Lee's involvement with the National Bureau of Standards in establishing standardization of the BASIC computer programming language. The files include the project contract, correspondence, surveys, meetings reports, printed materials, and the final report resulting from Lee's work. (Also included in Box 1 is some background material for a 1973 lecture by Grace Hopper.)","Boxes 4-20 contain the editorial files of the Annals of the History of Computing, from 1977 to 1990. The files contain such material as correspondence, drafts, rejected manuscripts, background material and office records.","Several published works were transferred out of the collection in 2004. A list of these works is available in the collection's administrative folder.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains correspondence, computer programs, publications, and meeting notes all relating to John A. N. Lee's work for the National Bureau of Standards to develop a standard for the BASIC programming language. Included in the papers are a survey of twenty-seven descriptions of BASIC and a collection of published works relating to the language up to 1973. Also contains records (1977-1990) from the editorial staff of the Annals of the History of Computing.","Please note: Most of this collection is located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days for retrieval. Contact Special Collections for further information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Lee, John A. 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Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The John A. N. 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Lee Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the John A. N. Lee Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], John A. N. 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Lee, civil engineer, professor of computer science, author and editor. The collection is essentially comprised of two sets of materials:","Boxes 1-3 contain materials relating to Lee's involvement with the National Bureau of Standards in establishing standardization of the BASIC computer programming language. The files include the project contract, correspondence, surveys, meetings reports, printed materials, and the final report resulting from Lee's work. (Also included in Box 1 is some background material for a 1973 lecture by Grace Hopper.)","Boxes 4-20 contain the editorial files of the Annals of the History of Computing, from 1977 to 1990. The files contain such material as correspondence, drafts, rejected manuscripts, background material and office records."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral published works were transferred out of the collection in 2004. A list of these works is available in the collection's administrative folder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Several published works were transferred out of the collection in 2004. A list of these works is available in the collection's administrative folder."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_30435b19c26a6f6746dcb45575eaa846\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains correspondence, computer programs, publications, and meeting notes all relating to John A. N. Lee's work for the National Bureau of Standards to develop a standard for the BASIC programming language. Included in the papers are a survey of twenty-seven descriptions of BASIC and a collection of published works relating to the language up to 1973. Also contains records (1977-1990) from the editorial staff of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAnnals of the History of Computing\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains correspondence, computer programs, publications, and meeting notes all relating to John A. N. Lee's work for the National Bureau of Standards to develop a standard for the BASIC programming language. Included in the papers are a survey of twenty-seven descriptions of BASIC and a collection of published works relating to the language up to 1973. Also contains records (1977-1990) from the editorial staff of the Annals of the History of Computing."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a3bd3b08325d10cfbf0f3f013d2bdc4f\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e Most of this collection is located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days for retrieval. Contact Special Collections for further information.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Please note: Most of this collection is located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days for retrieval. Contact Special Collections for further information."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, John A. N."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Lee, John A. 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Lee Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The John A. N. Lee Papers are unprocessed. The guide is a preliminary inventory, created in 2005.","This collection contains the papers of John A. N. Lee, civil engineer, professor of computer science, author and editor. The collection is essentially comprised of two sets of materials:","Boxes 1-3 contain materials relating to Lee's involvement with the National Bureau of Standards in establishing standardization of the BASIC computer programming language. The files include the project contract, correspondence, surveys, meetings reports, printed materials, and the final report resulting from Lee's work. (Also included in Box 1 is some background material for a 1973 lecture by Grace Hopper.)","Boxes 4-20 contain the editorial files of the Annals of the History of Computing, from 1977 to 1990. The files contain such material as correspondence, drafts, rejected manuscripts, background material and office records.","Several published works were transferred out of the collection in 2004. A list of these works is available in the collection's administrative folder.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains correspondence, computer programs, publications, and meeting notes all relating to John A. N. Lee's work for the National Bureau of Standards to develop a standard for the BASIC programming language. Included in the papers are a survey of twenty-seven descriptions of BASIC and a collection of published works relating to the language up to 1973. Also contains records (1977-1990) from the editorial staff of the Annals of the History of Computing.","Please note: Most of this collection is located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days for retrieval. Contact Special Collections for further information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Lee, John A. 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During this time, he authored The Anatomy of a Compiler (1967) and Computer Semantics (1971). In 1973, the National Bureau of Standards contracted with Lee to form a \"nucleus standard for the BASIC programming language.\"","Lee joined the faculty of Virginia Tech in 1974. Here, he assisted in the development of a graduate program and extended the undergraduate program. He served as chairman of the undergraduate program for many years and developed several new courses.","The recipient of several distinguished awards, Lee has made significant contributions to the development of computer language standards, the history of computing, and professional development. His interest in history led Lee to organize the 1982 25th anniversary commemoration of FORTRAN programming. Among his many other activities, he served as editor and editor-in-chief of the Annals of the History of Computing from 1987 to 1995."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the John A. N. Lee Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the John A. N. Lee Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], John A. N. Lee Papers, 1973-1990, Ms1973-005, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], John A. N. Lee Papers, 1973-1990, Ms1973-005, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John A. N. Lee Papers are unprocessed. The guide is a preliminary inventory, created in 2005.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The John A. N. Lee Papers are unprocessed. The guide is a preliminary inventory, created in 2005."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of John A. N. Lee, civil engineer, professor of computer science, author and editor. The collection is essentially comprised of two sets of materials:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 1-3 contain materials relating to Lee's involvement with the National Bureau of Standards in establishing standardization of the BASIC computer programming language. The files include the project contract, correspondence, surveys, meetings reports, printed materials, and the final report resulting from Lee's work. (Also included in Box 1 is some background material for a 1973 lecture by Grace Hopper.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 4-20 contain the editorial files of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAnnals of the History of Computing\u003c/title\u003e, from 1977 to 1990. The files contain such material as correspondence, drafts, rejected manuscripts, background material and office records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of John A. N. Lee, civil engineer, professor of computer science, author and editor. The collection is essentially comprised of two sets of materials:","Boxes 1-3 contain materials relating to Lee's involvement with the National Bureau of Standards in establishing standardization of the BASIC computer programming language. The files include the project contract, correspondence, surveys, meetings reports, printed materials, and the final report resulting from Lee's work. (Also included in Box 1 is some background material for a 1973 lecture by Grace Hopper.)","Boxes 4-20 contain the editorial files of the Annals of the History of Computing, from 1977 to 1990. The files contain such material as correspondence, drafts, rejected manuscripts, background material and office records."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral published works were transferred out of the collection in 2004. A list of these works is available in the collection's administrative folder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Several published works were transferred out of the collection in 2004. A list of these works is available in the collection's administrative folder."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_30435b19c26a6f6746dcb45575eaa846\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains correspondence, computer programs, publications, and meeting notes all relating to John A. N. Lee's work for the National Bureau of Standards to develop a standard for the BASIC programming language. Included in the papers are a survey of twenty-seven descriptions of BASIC and a collection of published works relating to the language up to 1973. Also contains records (1977-1990) from the editorial staff of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAnnals of the History of Computing\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains correspondence, computer programs, publications, and meeting notes all relating to John A. N. Lee's work for the National Bureau of Standards to develop a standard for the BASIC programming language. Included in the papers are a survey of twenty-seven descriptions of BASIC and a collection of published works relating to the language up to 1973. Also contains records (1977-1990) from the editorial staff of the Annals of the History of Computing."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a3bd3b08325d10cfbf0f3f013d2bdc4f\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e Most of this collection is located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days for retrieval. Contact Special Collections for further information.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Please note: Most of this collection is located in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days for retrieval. Contact Special Collections for further information."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, John A. N."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Lee, John A. N."],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":150,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:44:34.154Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1280"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1383","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"\"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection, 1982","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1383#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"International Business Machines Corporation","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1383#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Pioneer Day was celebrated on June 9, 1982, at the National Computer Conference in honor of the 25th anniversary of the delivery of the first FORTRAN compiler. As part of the celebration IBM created and displayed this exhibit. Materials include photographs of FORTRAN pioneers, facsimiles of documents, textual analysis, flow charts, memorabilia, FORTRAN manuals and other publications, and a twelve-minute videotape on the history of FORTRAN.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1383#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1383","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1383","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1383","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1383","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1383.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection","title_ssm":["\"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection"],"title_tesim":["\"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1982"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection, 1982"],"text":["\"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection, 1982","Ms.1983.003","FORTRAN (Computer program language)","Science and Technology","The collection is open for research.","Fortran is a programming language developed by John Backus and IBM in 1957. Pioneer Day was celebrated on June 9, 1982, at the National Computer Conference in honor of the 25th anniversary of the delivery of the first FORTRAN compiler. IBM created and displayed this exhibit at the celebration.","The guide to the \"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The videotape is a standard 3/4\" Sony U-matic cassette, and unfortuntely, we currently do not have the equipment necessary to play the tape.","This collection is unprocessed. Minimal description was completed prior to 2002 with minor additions in 2021.","See also the John A. N. Lee Papers, Ms1973-005. Lee was a professor of computer science at Virginia Tech interested in the history of computer programming and involved in the 25th anniversary of Fortran in 1982.","See also the George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, Ms2017-006, which relates to the use of FORTRAN at Virginia Tech in the 1960s-1970s.","This exhibit was created by IBM for the 25th anniversary of the programming language FORTRAN in 1982. Materials include photographs of FORTRAN pioneers, facsimiles of documents, textual analysis, flow charts, memorabilia, FORTRAN manuals and other publications, and a twelve-minute videotape on the history of FORTRAN starring the members of the original FORTRAN development team: John Backus, Sheldon Best, Richard Goldberg, Lois Mitchell Haibt, Harlan Herrick, Grace Mitchell, Robert Nelson, Roy Nutt, David Sayre, Peter Sheridan, and Irving Ziller.","Several publications have been separated to the Rare Book Collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Pioneer Day was celebrated on June 9, 1982, at the National Computer Conference in honor of the 25th anniversary of the delivery of the first FORTRAN compiler. As part of the celebration IBM created and displayed this exhibit. Materials include photographs of FORTRAN pioneers, facsimiles of documents, textual analysis, flow charts, memorabilia, FORTRAN manuals and other publications, and a twelve-minute videotape on the history of FORTRAN.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Business Machines Corporation","Lee, John A. N.","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["\"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection, 1982"],"collection_ssim":["\"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection, 1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1983.003"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1983.003"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["International Business Machines Corporation","Lee, John A. N."],"creator_ssim":["International Business Machines Corporation","Lee, John A. N."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, John A. N."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Business Machines Corporation"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, John A. N.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Business Machines Corporation"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 1982 and prior to 1984."],"access_subjects_ssim":["FORTRAN (Computer program language)","Science and Technology"],"access_subjects_ssm":["FORTRAN (Computer program language)","Science and Technology"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Cubic Feet 5 boxes, 10 oversize items"],"extent_tesim":["5 Cubic Feet 5 boxes, 10 oversize items"],"date_range_isim":[1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFortran is a programming language developed by John Backus and IBM in 1957. Pioneer Day was celebrated on June 9, 1982, at the National Computer Conference in honor of the 25th anniversary of the delivery of the first FORTRAN compiler. IBM created and displayed this exhibit at the celebration.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Fortran is a programming language developed by John Backus and IBM in 1957. Pioneer Day was celebrated on June 9, 1982, at the National Computer Conference in honor of the 25th anniversary of the delivery of the first FORTRAN compiler. IBM created and displayed this exhibit at the celebration."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the \"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the \"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe videotape is a standard 3/4\" Sony U-matic cassette, and unfortuntely, we currently do not have the equipment necessary to play the tape.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Access"],"phystech_tesim":["The videotape is a standard 3/4\" Sony U-matic cassette, and unfortuntely, we currently do not have the equipment necessary to play the tape."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], \"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection, Ms 1983-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], \"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection, Ms 1983-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is unprocessed. Minimal description was completed prior to 2002 with minor additions in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection is unprocessed. Minimal description was completed prior to 2002 with minor additions in 2021."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1280.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eJohn A. N. Lee Papers, Ms1973-005\u003c/a\u003e. Lee was a professor of computer science at Virginia Tech interested in the history of computer programming and involved in the 25th anniversary of Fortran in 1982. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/3177.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eGeorge Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, Ms2017-006\u003c/a\u003e, which relates to the use of FORTRAN at Virginia Tech in the 1960s-1970s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also the John A. N. Lee Papers, Ms1973-005. Lee was a professor of computer science at Virginia Tech interested in the history of computer programming and involved in the 25th anniversary of Fortran in 1982.","See also the George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, Ms2017-006, which relates to the use of FORTRAN at Virginia Tech in the 1960s-1970s."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis exhibit was created by IBM for the 25th anniversary of the programming language FORTRAN in 1982. Materials include photographs of FORTRAN pioneers, facsimiles of documents, textual analysis, flow charts, memorabilia, FORTRAN manuals and other publications, and a twelve-minute videotape on the history of FORTRAN starring the members of the original FORTRAN development team: John Backus, Sheldon Best, Richard Goldberg, Lois Mitchell Haibt, Harlan Herrick, Grace Mitchell, Robert Nelson, Roy Nutt, David Sayre, Peter Sheridan, and Irving Ziller.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This exhibit was created by IBM for the 25th anniversary of the programming language FORTRAN in 1982. Materials include photographs of FORTRAN pioneers, facsimiles of documents, textual analysis, flow charts, memorabilia, FORTRAN manuals and other publications, and a twelve-minute videotape on the history of FORTRAN starring the members of the original FORTRAN development team: John Backus, Sheldon Best, Richard Goldberg, Lois Mitchell Haibt, Harlan Herrick, Grace Mitchell, Robert Nelson, Roy Nutt, David Sayre, Peter Sheridan, and Irving Ziller."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral publications have been separated to the Rare Book Collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Several publications have been separated to the Rare Book Collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Condition Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5683bc62d8d4c75b25ff403b7d2fa24a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePioneer Day was celebrated on June 9, 1982, at the National Computer Conference in honor of the 25th anniversary of the delivery of the first FORTRAN compiler. As part of the celebration IBM created and displayed this exhibit. Materials include photographs of FORTRAN pioneers, facsimiles of documents, textual analysis, flow charts, memorabilia, FORTRAN manuals and other publications, and a twelve-minute videotape on the history of FORTRAN.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Pioneer Day was celebrated on June 9, 1982, at the National Computer Conference in honor of the 25th anniversary of the delivery of the first FORTRAN compiler. As part of the celebration IBM created and displayed this exhibit. Materials include photographs of FORTRAN pioneers, facsimiles of documents, textual analysis, flow charts, memorabilia, FORTRAN manuals and other publications, and a twelve-minute videotape on the history of FORTRAN."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Business Machines Corporation"],"names_coll_ssim":["International Business Machines Corporation"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, John A. N."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Business Machines Corporation","Lee, John A. N."],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:44:57.607Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1383","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1383","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1383","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1383","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1383.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection","title_ssm":["\"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection"],"title_tesim":["\"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1982"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection, 1982"],"text":["\"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection, 1982","Ms.1983.003","FORTRAN (Computer program language)","Science and Technology","The collection is open for research.","Fortran is a programming language developed by John Backus and IBM in 1957. Pioneer Day was celebrated on June 9, 1982, at the National Computer Conference in honor of the 25th anniversary of the delivery of the first FORTRAN compiler. IBM created and displayed this exhibit at the celebration.","The guide to the \"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The videotape is a standard 3/4\" Sony U-matic cassette, and unfortuntely, we currently do not have the equipment necessary to play the tape.","This collection is unprocessed. Minimal description was completed prior to 2002 with minor additions in 2021.","See also the John A. N. Lee Papers, Ms1973-005. Lee was a professor of computer science at Virginia Tech interested in the history of computer programming and involved in the 25th anniversary of Fortran in 1982.","See also the George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, Ms2017-006, which relates to the use of FORTRAN at Virginia Tech in the 1960s-1970s.","This exhibit was created by IBM for the 25th anniversary of the programming language FORTRAN in 1982. Materials include photographs of FORTRAN pioneers, facsimiles of documents, textual analysis, flow charts, memorabilia, FORTRAN manuals and other publications, and a twelve-minute videotape on the history of FORTRAN starring the members of the original FORTRAN development team: John Backus, Sheldon Best, Richard Goldberg, Lois Mitchell Haibt, Harlan Herrick, Grace Mitchell, Robert Nelson, Roy Nutt, David Sayre, Peter Sheridan, and Irving Ziller.","Several publications have been separated to the Rare Book Collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Pioneer Day was celebrated on June 9, 1982, at the National Computer Conference in honor of the 25th anniversary of the delivery of the first FORTRAN compiler. As part of the celebration IBM created and displayed this exhibit. Materials include photographs of FORTRAN pioneers, facsimiles of documents, textual analysis, flow charts, memorabilia, FORTRAN manuals and other publications, and a twelve-minute videotape on the history of FORTRAN.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Business Machines Corporation","Lee, John A. N.","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["\"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection, 1982"],"collection_ssim":["\"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection, 1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1983.003"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1983.003"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["International Business Machines Corporation","Lee, John A. N."],"creator_ssim":["International Business Machines Corporation","Lee, John A. N."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, John A. N."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Business Machines Corporation"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, John A. N.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Business Machines Corporation"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 1982 and prior to 1984."],"access_subjects_ssim":["FORTRAN (Computer program language)","Science and Technology"],"access_subjects_ssm":["FORTRAN (Computer program language)","Science and Technology"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Cubic Feet 5 boxes, 10 oversize items"],"extent_tesim":["5 Cubic Feet 5 boxes, 10 oversize items"],"date_range_isim":[1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFortran is a programming language developed by John Backus and IBM in 1957. Pioneer Day was celebrated on June 9, 1982, at the National Computer Conference in honor of the 25th anniversary of the delivery of the first FORTRAN compiler. IBM created and displayed this exhibit at the celebration.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Fortran is a programming language developed by John Backus and IBM in 1957. Pioneer Day was celebrated on June 9, 1982, at the National Computer Conference in honor of the 25th anniversary of the delivery of the first FORTRAN compiler. IBM created and displayed this exhibit at the celebration."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the \"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the \"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe videotape is a standard 3/4\" Sony U-matic cassette, and unfortuntely, we currently do not have the equipment necessary to play the tape.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Access"],"phystech_tesim":["The videotape is a standard 3/4\" Sony U-matic cassette, and unfortuntely, we currently do not have the equipment necessary to play the tape."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], \"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection, Ms 1983-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], \"Twenty-Five Years of FORTRAN\" (Exhibit, 1957-1982) International Business Machines Corporation Collection, Ms 1983-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is unprocessed. Minimal description was completed prior to 2002 with minor additions in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection is unprocessed. Minimal description was completed prior to 2002 with minor additions in 2021."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1280.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eJohn A. N. Lee Papers, Ms1973-005\u003c/a\u003e. Lee was a professor of computer science at Virginia Tech interested in the history of computer programming and involved in the 25th anniversary of Fortran in 1982. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/3177.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eGeorge Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, Ms2017-006\u003c/a\u003e, which relates to the use of FORTRAN at Virginia Tech in the 1960s-1970s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also the John A. N. Lee Papers, Ms1973-005. Lee was a professor of computer science at Virginia Tech interested in the history of computer programming and involved in the 25th anniversary of Fortran in 1982.","See also the George Grigg and John Carnochan Papers, Ms2017-006, which relates to the use of FORTRAN at Virginia Tech in the 1960s-1970s."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis exhibit was created by IBM for the 25th anniversary of the programming language FORTRAN in 1982. Materials include photographs of FORTRAN pioneers, facsimiles of documents, textual analysis, flow charts, memorabilia, FORTRAN manuals and other publications, and a twelve-minute videotape on the history of FORTRAN starring the members of the original FORTRAN development team: John Backus, Sheldon Best, Richard Goldberg, Lois Mitchell Haibt, Harlan Herrick, Grace Mitchell, Robert Nelson, Roy Nutt, David Sayre, Peter Sheridan, and Irving Ziller.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This exhibit was created by IBM for the 25th anniversary of the programming language FORTRAN in 1982. Materials include photographs of FORTRAN pioneers, facsimiles of documents, textual analysis, flow charts, memorabilia, FORTRAN manuals and other publications, and a twelve-minute videotape on the history of FORTRAN starring the members of the original FORTRAN development team: John Backus, Sheldon Best, Richard Goldberg, Lois Mitchell Haibt, Harlan Herrick, Grace Mitchell, Robert Nelson, Roy Nutt, David Sayre, Peter Sheridan, and Irving Ziller."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral publications have been separated to the Rare Book Collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Several publications have been separated to the Rare Book Collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Condition Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5683bc62d8d4c75b25ff403b7d2fa24a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePioneer Day was celebrated on June 9, 1982, at the National Computer Conference in honor of the 25th anniversary of the delivery of the first FORTRAN compiler. As part of the celebration IBM created and displayed this exhibit. Materials include photographs of FORTRAN pioneers, facsimiles of documents, textual analysis, flow charts, memorabilia, FORTRAN manuals and other publications, and a twelve-minute videotape on the history of FORTRAN.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Pioneer Day was celebrated on June 9, 1982, at the National Computer Conference in honor of the 25th anniversary of the delivery of the first FORTRAN compiler. As part of the celebration IBM created and displayed this exhibit. Materials include photographs of FORTRAN pioneers, facsimiles of documents, textual analysis, flow charts, memorabilia, FORTRAN manuals and other publications, and a twelve-minute videotape on the history of FORTRAN."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Business Machines Corporation"],"names_coll_ssim":["International Business Machines Corporation"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, John A. 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