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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_613753bc80e2712d0cbc078b855c1cda\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Morgantown Bridge Company"],"names_coll_ssim":["Morgantown Bridge Company","Cooke, John R.","Hoye, John","Mason, J. M.","Calmes, George","White, George","Stein, J. A.","Faber, George B."],"persname_ssim":["Rogers, John, 1786-1864","Cooke, John R.","Hoye, John","Mason, J. M.","Calmes, George","White, George","Stein, J. A.","Faber, George B."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Morgantown Bridge Company","Rogers, John, 1786-1864","Cooke, John R.","Hoye, John","Mason, J. 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Jolliff family history is highlighted in photocopies of the publication, \u003cspan\u003eFamily Record and Genealogy of the Jolliff Family, From the Year 1760 to 1878 Inclusive\u003c/span\u003e by Oliver P. Jolliff and James S. Watson (1878). A photocopy of the \u003cspan\u003eJournal of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Encampment, Department of West Virginia, Grand Army of the Republic, Wheeling, West Virginia, May 19th, 20th and 21st, 1908\u003c/span\u003e (pages 26-28 only) includes a memoir and photograph of James S. Watson. Family obituaries from the 1930s and 1940s from the Morgantown and Fairmont areas comprise most of the photocopied newspaper clippings. Most photographs are unidentified, undated portraits from Morgantown photography studios (Protzman, Rogers, and Morgan) and are most likely portraits of Jolliff and Watson family members. 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Other items of interest include a West Virginia University commencement announcement (1937), an invitation to the dedication of the WVU Agricultural Experiment Station (1894), a Fairmont Normal School program (1893), an advertising card titled, Dr. Jayne's Tonic Vermifuge (undated), and a postcard depicting the Balanced Rock near Elkins, West Virginia (1909).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1540#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1540","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1540","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1540","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1540","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1540.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195819","title_ssm":["Jolliff Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Jolliff Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1878-1954"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1878-1954"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1878/1954"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jolliff Family Papers, 1878/1954"],"text":["Jolliff Family Papers, 1878/1954","A\u0026M 3241","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1540","Fairmont.","Marion County (W. 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Most photographs are unidentified, undated portraits from Morgantown photography studios (Protzman, Rogers, and Morgan) and are most likely portraits of Jolliff and Watson family members. Two identified photographs are of students and teacher(s) from the Uffington, West Virginia Public School House (1907), and a group in front of Watson Rock (named for the Watson family) Monongah, West Virginia (ca. 1900-1910). Other items of interest include a West Virginia University commencement announcement (1937), an invitation to the dedication of the WVU Agricultural Experiment Station (1894), a Fairmont Normal School program (1893), an advertising card titled, Dr. Jayne's Tonic Vermifuge (undated), and a postcard depicting the Balanced Rock near Elkins, West Virginia (1909).","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. 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Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Fairmont.","Marion County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Jolliff Family"],"creator_ssim":["Jolliff Family"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Fairmont Normal School","West Virginia University. Agricultural Extension Service"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Jolliff Family","Jolliffe family - Genealogy","Watson family"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Fairmont Normal School","West Virginia University. Agricultural Extension Service","Jolliff Family","Jolliffe family - Genealogy","Watson family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. 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Two identified photographs are of students and teacher(s) from the Uffington, West Virginia Public School House (1907), and a group in front of Watson Rock (named for the Watson family) Monongah, West Virginia (ca. 1900-1910). Other items of interest include a West Virginia University commencement announcement (1937), an invitation to the dedication of the WVU Agricultural Experiment Station (1894), a Fairmont Normal School program (1893), an advertising card titled, Dr. Jayne's Tonic Vermifuge (undated), and a postcard depicting the Balanced Rock near Elkins, West Virginia (1909).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection consists of photographs, publications, letters, and newspaper clippings regarding the Jolliff and Watson families. Jolliff family history is highlighted in photocopies of the publication, Family Record and Genealogy of the Jolliff Family, From the Year 1760 to 1878 Inclusive by Oliver P. Jolliff and James S. Watson (1878). A photocopy of the Journal of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Encampment, Department of West Virginia, Grand Army of the Republic, Wheeling, West Virginia, May 19th, 20th and 21st, 1908 (pages 26-28 only) includes a memoir and photograph of James S. Watson. Family obituaries from the 1930s and 1940s from the Morgantown and Fairmont areas comprise most of the photocopied newspaper clippings. Most photographs are unidentified, undated portraits from Morgantown photography studios (Protzman, Rogers, and Morgan) and are most likely portraits of Jolliff and Watson family members. Two identified photographs are of students and teacher(s) from the Uffington, West Virginia Public School House (1907), and a group in front of Watson Rock (named for the Watson family) Monongah, West Virginia (ca. 1900-1910). 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Two identified photographs are of students and teacher(s) from the Uffington, West Virginia Public School House (1907), and a group in front of Watson Rock (named for the Watson family) Monongah, West Virginia (ca. 1900-1910). Other items of interest include a West Virginia University commencement announcement (1937), an invitation to the dedication of the WVU Agricultural Experiment Station (1894), a Fairmont Normal School program (1893), an advertising card titled, Dr. Jayne's Tonic Vermifuge (undated), and a postcard depicting the Balanced Rock near Elkins, West Virginia (1909).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection consists of photographs, publications, letters, and newspaper clippings regarding the Jolliff and Watson families. Jolliff family history is highlighted in photocopies of the publication, Family Record and Genealogy of the Jolliff Family, From the Year 1760 to 1878 Inclusive by Oliver P. Jolliff and James S. Watson (1878). A photocopy of the Journal of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Encampment, Department of West Virginia, Grand Army of the Republic, Wheeling, West Virginia, May 19th, 20th and 21st, 1908 (pages 26-28 only) includes a memoir and photograph of James S. Watson. Family obituaries from the 1930s and 1940s from the Morgantown and Fairmont areas comprise most of the photocopied newspaper clippings. Most photographs are unidentified, undated portraits from Morgantown photography studios (Protzman, Rogers, and Morgan) and are most likely portraits of Jolliff and Watson family members. Two identified photographs are of students and teacher(s) from the Uffington, West Virginia Public School House (1907), and a group in front of Watson Rock (named for the Watson family) Monongah, West Virginia (ca. 1900-1910). Other items of interest include a West Virginia University commencement announcement (1937), an invitation to the dedication of the WVU Agricultural Experiment Station (1894), a Fairmont Normal School program (1893), an advertising card titled, Dr. Jayne's Tonic Vermifuge (undated), and a postcard depicting the Balanced Rock near Elkins, West Virginia (1909)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ea2470810313cac03b15a3865194ff62\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Fairmont Normal School","West Virginia University. Agricultural Extension Service"],"names_coll_ssim":["Fairmont Normal School","West Virginia University. Agricultural Extension Service","Jolliffe family - Genealogy","Watson family"],"famname_ssim":["Jolliff Family","Jolliffe family - Genealogy","Watson family"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Fairmont Normal School","West Virginia University. Agricultural Extension Service","Jolliff Family","Jolliffe family - Genealogy","Watson family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":37,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:53:14.141Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1540"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5313","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers, 1849/1923","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5313#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bennett, Joseph and Henry","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5313#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Letters of Henry and Joseph Bennett concerning travel by sea from New York to Chagres, Panama, overland across Panama and by ship to San Francisco in 1851. Letters from California, 1852-1853, discuss arrival of immigrants; employment conditions and wages; gambling and social life in San Francisco; investment opportunities; conditions in the gold mines; travel by steamboat to Hangtown (Placerville); churches; crime; Indians; mining profits; cost of land; ranching; blacksmith and plough shop in Santa Clara; digging a canal to take water from the American River to supply Hangtown, Coon Hollow, and Gold Hill; and Webber Run. Two letters by Joseph Bennett from Australia in l853 comment on mining, living conditions, profits of mining, and criminals sent from Great Britain. There is one 1849 letter to Samuel Bennett from relatives in Sheffield, England. There are several items of Jacobs family correspondence, 1880-1923, concerning family affairs, schools, economic conditions in Jackson County, and Monongalia County taxes in 1907.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5313#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5313","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5313","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5313","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5313","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5313.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198608","title_ssm":["Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers"],"title_tesim":["Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1923"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1923"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1849/1923"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers, 1849/1923"],"text":["Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers, 1849/1923","A\u0026M 1731","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5313","Australia","California","England","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Panama","San Francisco (Calif.)","California -- Gold discoveries","Blacksmithing","Church buildings","Education","Genealogy","Mining. SEE ALSO Coal mining.","Indians of North America","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Steamboats","Taxation","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Letters of Henry and Joseph Bennett concerning travel by sea from New York to Chagres, Panama, overland across Panama and by ship to San Francisco in 1851. Letters from California, 1852-1853, discuss arrival of immigrants; employment conditions and wages; gambling and social life in San Francisco; investment opportunities; conditions in the gold mines; travel by steamboat to Hangtown (Placerville); churches; crime; Indians; mining profits; cost of land; ranching; blacksmith and plough shop in Santa Clara; digging a canal to take water from the American River to supply Hangtown, Coon Hollow, and Gold Hill; and Webber Run. Two letters by Joseph Bennett from Australia in l853 comment on mining, living conditions, profits of mining, and criminals sent from Great Britain. There is one 1849 letter to Samuel Bennett from relatives in Sheffield, England. There are several items of Jacobs family correspondence, 1880-1923, concerning family affairs, schools, economic conditions in Jackson County, and Monongalia County taxes in 1907.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Bennett, Joseph and Henry","Bennett, Henry.","Bennett, Joseph.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers, 1849/1923"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers, 1849/1923"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1731","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5313"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1731","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5313"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Australia","California","England","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Panama","San Francisco (Calif.)","California -- Gold discoveries"],"geogname_ssim":["Australia","California","England","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Panama","San Francisco (Calif.)","California -- Gold discoveries"],"places_ssim":["Australia","California","England","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Panama","San Francisco (Calif.)","California -- Gold discoveries"],"creator_ssm":["Bennett, Joseph and Henry"],"creator_ssim":["Bennett, Joseph and Henry"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bennett, Joseph and Henry","Bennett, Henry.","Bennett, Joseph."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creators_ssim":["Bennett, Joseph and Henry","Bennett, Henry.","Bennett, Joseph.","West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Blacksmithing","Church buildings","Education","Genealogy","Mining. SEE ALSO Coal mining.","Indians of North America","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Steamboats","Taxation"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Blacksmithing","Church buildings","Education","Genealogy","Mining. SEE ALSO Coal mining.","Indians of North America","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Steamboats","Taxation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Linear Feet Summary: 1/2 in. (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Linear Feet Summary: 1/2 in. (1 folder)"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers, A\u0026amp;M 1731, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers, A\u0026M 1731, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e90f618f87978a1d4ee6bfcaa7926bfa\"\u003eLetters of Henry and Joseph Bennett concerning travel by sea from New York to Chagres, Panama, overland across Panama and by ship to San Francisco in 1851. Letters from California, 1852-1853, discuss arrival of immigrants; employment conditions and wages; gambling and social life in San Francisco; investment opportunities; conditions in the gold mines; travel by steamboat to Hangtown (Placerville); churches; crime; Indians; mining profits; cost of land; ranching; blacksmith and plough shop in Santa Clara; digging a canal to take water from the American River to supply Hangtown, Coon Hollow, and Gold Hill; and Webber Run. Two letters by Joseph Bennett from Australia in l853 comment on mining, living conditions, profits of mining, and criminals sent from Great Britain. There is one 1849 letter to Samuel Bennett from relatives in Sheffield, England. There are several items of Jacobs family correspondence, 1880-1923, concerning family affairs, schools, economic conditions in Jackson County, and Monongalia County taxes in 1907.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letters of Henry and Joseph Bennett concerning travel by sea from New York to Chagres, Panama, overland across Panama and by ship to San Francisco in 1851. Letters from California, 1852-1853, discuss arrival of immigrants; employment conditions and wages; gambling and social life in San Francisco; investment opportunities; conditions in the gold mines; travel by steamboat to Hangtown (Placerville); churches; crime; Indians; mining profits; cost of land; ranching; blacksmith and plough shop in Santa Clara; digging a canal to take water from the American River to supply Hangtown, Coon Hollow, and Gold Hill; and Webber Run. Two letters by Joseph Bennett from Australia in l853 comment on mining, living conditions, profits of mining, and criminals sent from Great Britain. There is one 1849 letter to Samuel Bennett from relatives in Sheffield, England. There are several items of Jacobs family correspondence, 1880-1923, concerning family affairs, schools, economic conditions in Jackson County, and Monongalia County taxes in 1907."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6d8612d3892f96ca3c4dcd144169e05c\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Bennett, Joseph and Henry","Bennett, Henry.","Bennett, Joseph."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bennett, Henry.","Bennett, Joseph."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Bennett, Joseph and Henry","Bennett, Henry.","Bennett, Joseph."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:57:04.936Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5313","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5313","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5313","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5313","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5313.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198608","title_ssm":["Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers"],"title_tesim":["Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1923"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1923"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1849/1923"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers, 1849/1923"],"text":["Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers, 1849/1923","A\u0026M 1731","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5313","Australia","California","England","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Panama","San Francisco (Calif.)","California -- Gold discoveries","Blacksmithing","Church buildings","Education","Genealogy","Mining. SEE ALSO Coal mining.","Indians of North America","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Steamboats","Taxation","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Letters of Henry and Joseph Bennett concerning travel by sea from New York to Chagres, Panama, overland across Panama and by ship to San Francisco in 1851. Letters from California, 1852-1853, discuss arrival of immigrants; employment conditions and wages; gambling and social life in San Francisco; investment opportunities; conditions in the gold mines; travel by steamboat to Hangtown (Placerville); churches; crime; Indians; mining profits; cost of land; ranching; blacksmith and plough shop in Santa Clara; digging a canal to take water from the American River to supply Hangtown, Coon Hollow, and Gold Hill; and Webber Run. Two letters by Joseph Bennett from Australia in l853 comment on mining, living conditions, profits of mining, and criminals sent from Great Britain. There is one 1849 letter to Samuel Bennett from relatives in Sheffield, England. There are several items of Jacobs family correspondence, 1880-1923, concerning family affairs, schools, economic conditions in Jackson County, and Monongalia County taxes in 1907.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Bennett, Joseph and Henry","Bennett, Henry.","Bennett, Joseph.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers, 1849/1923"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers, 1849/1923"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1731","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5313"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1731","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5313"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Australia","California","England","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Panama","San Francisco (Calif.)","California -- Gold discoveries"],"geogname_ssim":["Australia","California","England","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Panama","San Francisco (Calif.)","California -- Gold discoveries"],"places_ssim":["Australia","California","England","Jackson County (W. Va.)","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Panama","San Francisco (Calif.)","California -- Gold discoveries"],"creator_ssm":["Bennett, Joseph and Henry"],"creator_ssim":["Bennett, Joseph and Henry"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bennett, Joseph and Henry","Bennett, Henry.","Bennett, Joseph."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creators_ssim":["Bennett, Joseph and Henry","Bennett, Henry.","Bennett, Joseph.","West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Blacksmithing","Church buildings","Education","Genealogy","Mining. SEE ALSO Coal mining.","Indians of North America","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Steamboats","Taxation"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Blacksmithing","Church buildings","Education","Genealogy","Mining. SEE ALSO Coal mining.","Indians of North America","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Steamboats","Taxation"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Linear Feet Summary: 1/2 in. (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Linear Feet Summary: 1/2 in. (1 folder)"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers, A\u0026amp;M 1731, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Joseph and Henry Bennett Papers, A\u0026M 1731, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e90f618f87978a1d4ee6bfcaa7926bfa\"\u003eLetters of Henry and Joseph Bennett concerning travel by sea from New York to Chagres, Panama, overland across Panama and by ship to San Francisco in 1851. Letters from California, 1852-1853, discuss arrival of immigrants; employment conditions and wages; gambling and social life in San Francisco; investment opportunities; conditions in the gold mines; travel by steamboat to Hangtown (Placerville); churches; crime; Indians; mining profits; cost of land; ranching; blacksmith and plough shop in Santa Clara; digging a canal to take water from the American River to supply Hangtown, Coon Hollow, and Gold Hill; and Webber Run. Two letters by Joseph Bennett from Australia in l853 comment on mining, living conditions, profits of mining, and criminals sent from Great Britain. There is one 1849 letter to Samuel Bennett from relatives in Sheffield, England. There are several items of Jacobs family correspondence, 1880-1923, concerning family affairs, schools, economic conditions in Jackson County, and Monongalia County taxes in 1907.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letters of Henry and Joseph Bennett concerning travel by sea from New York to Chagres, Panama, overland across Panama and by ship to San Francisco in 1851. Letters from California, 1852-1853, discuss arrival of immigrants; employment conditions and wages; gambling and social life in San Francisco; investment opportunities; conditions in the gold mines; travel by steamboat to Hangtown (Placerville); churches; crime; Indians; mining profits; cost of land; ranching; blacksmith and plough shop in Santa Clara; digging a canal to take water from the American River to supply Hangtown, Coon Hollow, and Gold Hill; and Webber Run. 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Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Bennett, Joseph and Henry","Bennett, Henry.","Bennett, Joseph."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bennett, Henry.","Bennett, Joseph."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Bennett, Joseph and Henry","Bennett, Henry.","Bennett, Joseph."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:57:04.936Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5313"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, 1887/1962","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eJustus Collins [1857-1934] was an entrepreneur who opened his first coal mine in the Pocahontas- Flat Top coal field of Southern West Virginia, and thereafter operated mines in the New River, Tug River, and Winding Gulf coal fields. He headed a coal sales agency, speculated in coal and timber lands, headed a cement company, and was interested financially in rubber, oil, and gas companies. He played an important role in organizing the Tug River Coal Operators Association, the Winding Gulf Operators' Association, and the Smokeless Coal Operators Association of West Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5444.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198682","title_ssm":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1887-1962"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-1962"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887/1962"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, 1887/1962"],"text":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, 1887/1962","A\u0026M 1824","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5444","Account books","Church buildings","Coal mining - coal and coke sales.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Regulation.","Coal mining - Safety.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Education","Maps.","New River coalfields.","Pocahontas-Flat Top coalfield.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Railroads - Virginia Railway - Winding Gulf Branch.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Taxation","New Deal, 1933-1939","Winding Gulf (W. Va.) -- coalfields","Coal mining - New River field.","Coal mining - Winding Gulf field.","Coal Mining - Tug River field","No special access restriction applies.","1784, 1824","Justus Collins [1857-1934] was an entrepreneur who opened his first coal mine in the Pocahontas- Flat Top coal field of Southern West Virginia, and thereafter operated mines in the New River, Tug River, and Winding Gulf coal fields. He headed a coal sales agency, speculated in coal and timber lands, headed a cement company, and was interested financially in rubber, oil, and gas companies. He played an important role in organizing the Tug River Coal Operators Association, the Winding Gulf Operators' Association, and the Smokeless Coal Operators Association of West Virginia.","The materials include correspondence, agreements, contracts, deeds, financial statements, ledger books, magazines, maps, minute books, pamphlets, photographs, production and shipping records, reports, and stock books.","The bulk of the collection concerns the development of the law volatile, or smokeless, coal fields of Southern West Virginia, ca. 1900-1934. Subjects include: Coal company operation, (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes); coal operators' associations; government investigation and regulation of the coal industry (Interstate Commerce Commission, mining legislation, N.R.A. code, U.S. Railroad Administration) labor (insurance \"on transportation\", strikes, United Mine Workers of America, wages, workman's compensation, \"yellow-dog\" contract); law and order (Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, courts, injunctions, mine guard system, National Guard, secret operatives, state troopers); life in mining camps (amusements, churches, health, housing, recreation, schools, stores); mining safety; railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch); and  state and local politics. Other non-coal subjects include cement business, lumber business, tire and tire gauge manufacturing, and oil and gas drilling.","Correspondents include: S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Justus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W.  Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. RIley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\n \nSeries include:\n1. General Correspondence, 1896–1934 (boxes 1-36) \n2. Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, 1905–1934 (box 36) \n3. Coal Operators Association, 1911–1934 (boxes 37-39) \n4. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Sales Managers' Correspondence, 1914-1915, undated (boxes 40-42)\n5. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Smithing and Other Sales, 1914–1922 (boxes 43-44) \n6. Superior Portland Cement Company, 1905–1924 (boxes 45-47) \n7. Miscellaneous Printed Materials, 1899–1954 (boxes 48-56) \n8. Oversize Maps, Blueprints, and Charts, 1916-1962, undated (oversize folder)","This series includes general correspondence between Justus Collins and many others, including S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W. Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. Riley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.","Subjects include coal company operation (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes), coal operators' associations, railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch), and state and local politics.","This series includes material related to the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency (ca. 1890s-1937), which was used by coal operators as strikebreakers in the 1910s and 1920s. Baldwin-Felts detectives were infamous for their violent involvement in the Coal Wars, the Battle of Matewan, and other coal union strikes.","This series includes correspondence regarding various coal operators associations, including the Tug River Valley Association, the Winding Gulf Association, the Pocahontas Assocation, and others.","This series includes sales managers' correspondence regarding the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding smithing and other sales of the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding the Superior Portland Cement Company.","This series includes assorted printed materials, including personal and business account books, surveys, stockholders meeting minutes, and other material.","This series includes oversize maps, blueprints, and charts, including maps of Collins's personal property; maps and blueprints of potential locations for housing, schools, and amenities at Whipple and other coal mines; assorted coal mine maps and blueprints; and statistical charts of productivity and other metrics of Winding Gulf Collieries and other coal companies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch","Collins family","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, 1887/1962"],"collection_ssim":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, 1887/1962"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1824","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5444"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1824","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5444"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"creator_ssim":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Collins family"],"creators_ssim":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch","Collins family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Church buildings","Coal mining - coal and coke sales.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Regulation.","Coal mining - Safety.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Education","Maps.","New River coalfields.","Pocahontas-Flat Top coalfield.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Railroads - Virginia Railway - Winding Gulf Branch.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Taxation","New Deal, 1933-1939","Winding Gulf (W. Va.) -- coalfields","Coal mining - New River field.","Coal mining - Winding Gulf field.","Coal Mining - Tug River field"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Church buildings","Coal mining - coal and coke sales.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Regulation.","Coal mining - Safety.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Education","Maps.","New River coalfields.","Pocahontas-Flat Top coalfield.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Railroads - Virginia Railway - Winding Gulf Branch.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Taxation","New Deal, 1933-1939","Winding Gulf (W. Va.) -- coalfields","Coal mining - New River field.","Coal mining - Winding Gulf field.","Coal Mining - Tug River field"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["23.3 Linear Feet Summary: 23 ft. 4 1/4 in. (56 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["23.3 Linear Feet Summary: 23 ft. 4 1/4 in. (56 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 1824, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, A\u0026M 1824, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1784, 1824\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["1784, 1824"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJustus Collins [1857-1934] was an entrepreneur who opened his first coal mine in the Pocahontas- Flat Top coal field of Southern West Virginia, and thereafter operated mines in the New River, Tug River, and Winding Gulf coal fields. He headed a coal sales agency, speculated in coal and timber lands, headed a cement company, and was interested financially in rubber, oil, and gas companies. He played an important role in organizing the Tug River Coal Operators Association, the Winding Gulf Operators' Association, and the Smokeless Coal Operators Association of West Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials include correspondence, agreements, contracts, deeds, financial statements, ledger books, magazines, maps, minute books, pamphlets, photographs, production and shipping records, reports, and stock books. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection concerns the development of the law volatile, or smokeless, coal fields of Southern West Virginia, ca. 1900-1934. Subjects include: Coal company operation, (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes); coal operators' associations; government investigation and regulation of the coal industry (Interstate Commerce Commission, mining legislation, N.R.A. code, U.S. Railroad Administration) labor (insurance \"on transportation\", strikes, United Mine Workers of America, wages, workman's compensation, \"yellow-dog\" contract); law and order (Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, courts, injunctions, mine guard system, National Guard, secret operatives, state troopers); life in mining camps (amusements, churches, health, housing, recreation, schools, stores); mining safety; railroads (Chesapeake \u0026amp; Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch); and  state and local politics. Other non-coal subjects include cement business, lumber business, tire and tire gauge manufacturing, and oil and gas drilling.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Justus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W.  Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. RIley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\n \nSeries include:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n1. General Correspondence, 1896–1934 (boxes 1-36) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, 1905–1934 (box 36) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Coal Operators Association, 1911–1934 (boxes 37-39) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Sales Managers' Correspondence, 1914-1915, undated (boxes 40-42)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Smithing and Other Sales, 1914–1922 (boxes 43-44) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Superior Portland Cement Company, 1905–1924 (boxes 45-47) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Miscellaneous Printed Materials, 1899–1954 (boxes 48-56) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Oversize Maps, Blueprints, and Charts, 1916-1962, undated (oversize folder)\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes general correspondence between Justus Collins and many others, including S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W. Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. Riley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include coal company operation (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes), coal operators' associations, railroads (Chesapeake \u0026amp; Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch), and state and local politics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material related to the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency (ca. 1890s-1937), which was used by coal operators as strikebreakers in the 1910s and 1920s. Baldwin-Felts detectives were infamous for their violent involvement in the Coal Wars, the Battle of Matewan, and other coal union strikes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes correspondence regarding various coal operators associations, including the Tug River Valley Association, the Winding Gulf Association, the Pocahontas Assocation, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes sales managers' correspondence regarding the Smokeless Fuel Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material regarding smithing and other sales of the Smokeless Fuel Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material regarding the Superior Portland Cement Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes assorted printed materials, including personal and business account books, surveys, stockholders meeting minutes, and other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes oversize maps, blueprints, and charts, including maps of Collins's personal property; maps and blueprints of potential locations for housing, schools, and amenities at Whipple and other coal mines; assorted coal mine maps and blueprints; and statistical charts of productivity and other metrics of Winding Gulf Collieries and other coal companies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Justus Collins [1857-1934] was an entrepreneur who opened his first coal mine in the Pocahontas- Flat Top coal field of Southern West Virginia, and thereafter operated mines in the New River, Tug River, and Winding Gulf coal fields. He headed a coal sales agency, speculated in coal and timber lands, headed a cement company, and was interested financially in rubber, oil, and gas companies. He played an important role in organizing the Tug River Coal Operators Association, the Winding Gulf Operators' Association, and the Smokeless Coal Operators Association of West Virginia.","The materials include correspondence, agreements, contracts, deeds, financial statements, ledger books, magazines, maps, minute books, pamphlets, photographs, production and shipping records, reports, and stock books.","The bulk of the collection concerns the development of the law volatile, or smokeless, coal fields of Southern West Virginia, ca. 1900-1934. Subjects include: Coal company operation, (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes); coal operators' associations; government investigation and regulation of the coal industry (Interstate Commerce Commission, mining legislation, N.R.A. code, U.S. Railroad Administration) labor (insurance \"on transportation\", strikes, United Mine Workers of America, wages, workman's compensation, \"yellow-dog\" contract); law and order (Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, courts, injunctions, mine guard system, National Guard, secret operatives, state troopers); life in mining camps (amusements, churches, health, housing, recreation, schools, stores); mining safety; railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch); and  state and local politics. Other non-coal subjects include cement business, lumber business, tire and tire gauge manufacturing, and oil and gas drilling.","Correspondents include: S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Justus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W.  Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. RIley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\n \nSeries include:\n1. General Correspondence, 1896–1934 (boxes 1-36) \n2. Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, 1905–1934 (box 36) \n3. Coal Operators Association, 1911–1934 (boxes 37-39) \n4. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Sales Managers' Correspondence, 1914-1915, undated (boxes 40-42)\n5. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Smithing and Other Sales, 1914–1922 (boxes 43-44) \n6. Superior Portland Cement Company, 1905–1924 (boxes 45-47) \n7. Miscellaneous Printed Materials, 1899–1954 (boxes 48-56) \n8. Oversize Maps, Blueprints, and Charts, 1916-1962, undated (oversize folder)","This series includes general correspondence between Justus Collins and many others, including S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W. Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. Riley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.","Subjects include coal company operation (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes), coal operators' associations, railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch), and state and local politics.","This series includes material related to the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency (ca. 1890s-1937), which was used by coal operators as strikebreakers in the 1910s and 1920s. Baldwin-Felts detectives were infamous for their violent involvement in the Coal Wars, the Battle of Matewan, and other coal union strikes.","This series includes correspondence regarding various coal operators associations, including the Tug River Valley Association, the Winding Gulf Association, the Pocahontas Assocation, and others.","This series includes sales managers' correspondence regarding the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding smithing and other sales of the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding the Superior Portland Cement Company.","This series includes assorted printed materials, including personal and business account books, surveys, stockholders meeting minutes, and other material.","This series includes oversize maps, blueprints, and charts, including maps of Collins's personal property; maps and blueprints of potential locations for housing, schools, and amenities at Whipple and other coal mines; assorted coal mine maps and blueprints; and statistical charts of productivity and other metrics of Winding Gulf Collieries and other coal companies."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_34a483e0d98d950847652ad89abd4398\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch"],"names_coll_ssim":["Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch","Collins family","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George."],"famname_ssim":["Collins family"],"persname_ssim":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch","Collins family","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George."],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":65,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:57:35.934Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5444","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5444.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198682","title_ssm":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1887-1962"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1887-1962"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1887/1962"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, 1887/1962"],"text":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, 1887/1962","A\u0026M 1824","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5444","Account books","Church buildings","Coal mining - coal and coke sales.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Regulation.","Coal mining - Safety.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Education","Maps.","New River coalfields.","Pocahontas-Flat Top coalfield.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Railroads - Virginia Railway - Winding Gulf Branch.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Taxation","New Deal, 1933-1939","Winding Gulf (W. Va.) -- coalfields","Coal mining - New River field.","Coal mining - Winding Gulf field.","Coal Mining - Tug River field","No special access restriction applies.","1784, 1824","Justus Collins [1857-1934] was an entrepreneur who opened his first coal mine in the Pocahontas- Flat Top coal field of Southern West Virginia, and thereafter operated mines in the New River, Tug River, and Winding Gulf coal fields. He headed a coal sales agency, speculated in coal and timber lands, headed a cement company, and was interested financially in rubber, oil, and gas companies. He played an important role in organizing the Tug River Coal Operators Association, the Winding Gulf Operators' Association, and the Smokeless Coal Operators Association of West Virginia.","The materials include correspondence, agreements, contracts, deeds, financial statements, ledger books, magazines, maps, minute books, pamphlets, photographs, production and shipping records, reports, and stock books.","The bulk of the collection concerns the development of the law volatile, or smokeless, coal fields of Southern West Virginia, ca. 1900-1934. Subjects include: Coal company operation, (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes); coal operators' associations; government investigation and regulation of the coal industry (Interstate Commerce Commission, mining legislation, N.R.A. code, U.S. Railroad Administration) labor (insurance \"on transportation\", strikes, United Mine Workers of America, wages, workman's compensation, \"yellow-dog\" contract); law and order (Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, courts, injunctions, mine guard system, National Guard, secret operatives, state troopers); life in mining camps (amusements, churches, health, housing, recreation, schools, stores); mining safety; railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch); and  state and local politics. Other non-coal subjects include cement business, lumber business, tire and tire gauge manufacturing, and oil and gas drilling.","Correspondents include: S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Justus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W.  Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. RIley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\n \nSeries include:\n1. General Correspondence, 1896–1934 (boxes 1-36) \n2. Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, 1905–1934 (box 36) \n3. Coal Operators Association, 1911–1934 (boxes 37-39) \n4. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Sales Managers' Correspondence, 1914-1915, undated (boxes 40-42)\n5. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Smithing and Other Sales, 1914–1922 (boxes 43-44) \n6. Superior Portland Cement Company, 1905–1924 (boxes 45-47) \n7. Miscellaneous Printed Materials, 1899–1954 (boxes 48-56) \n8. Oversize Maps, Blueprints, and Charts, 1916-1962, undated (oversize folder)","This series includes general correspondence between Justus Collins and many others, including S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W. Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. Riley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.","Subjects include coal company operation (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes), coal operators' associations, railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch), and state and local politics.","This series includes material related to the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency (ca. 1890s-1937), which was used by coal operators as strikebreakers in the 1910s and 1920s. Baldwin-Felts detectives were infamous for their violent involvement in the Coal Wars, the Battle of Matewan, and other coal union strikes.","This series includes correspondence regarding various coal operators associations, including the Tug River Valley Association, the Winding Gulf Association, the Pocahontas Assocation, and others.","This series includes sales managers' correspondence regarding the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding smithing and other sales of the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding the Superior Portland Cement Company.","This series includes assorted printed materials, including personal and business account books, surveys, stockholders meeting minutes, and other material.","This series includes oversize maps, blueprints, and charts, including maps of Collins's personal property; maps and blueprints of potential locations for housing, schools, and amenities at Whipple and other coal mines; assorted coal mine maps and blueprints; and statistical charts of productivity and other metrics of Winding Gulf Collieries and other coal companies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch","Collins family","Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, 1887/1962"],"collection_ssim":["Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, 1887/1962"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1824","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5444"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1824","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5444"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"creator_ssim":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Collins family"],"creators_ssim":["Collins, Justus, 1857-1934","Collins, Jarius.","Felts, T.L.","Holloway, J.J.","Laing, John B.","Mann, Isaac T. (Isaac Thomas), 1864-1932","Tams, W. P., Jr. (William Purviance), 1883-1977","Wolfe, George.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States - Railway Administration.","Winding Gulf Operators Association","Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company","Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch","Collins family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Church buildings","Coal mining - coal and coke sales.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Regulation.","Coal mining - Safety.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Education","Maps.","New River coalfields.","Pocahontas-Flat Top coalfield.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Railroads - Virginia Railway - Winding Gulf Branch.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Taxation","New Deal, 1933-1939","Winding Gulf (W. Va.) -- coalfields","Coal mining - New River field.","Coal mining - Winding Gulf field.","Coal Mining - Tug River field"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Church buildings","Coal mining - coal and coke sales.","Coal mining - coal operators associations.","Coal mining - Regulation.","Coal mining - Safety.","Coal mining -- Strikes","Coal mining.","Education","Maps.","New River coalfields.","Pocahontas-Flat Top coalfield.","Politics and government.","Railroads - Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.","Railroads - Norfolk and Western Railroad.","Railroads - Virginia Railway - Winding Gulf Branch.","Virginian Railroad -- Railroads","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Taxation","New Deal, 1933-1939","Winding Gulf (W. Va.) -- coalfields","Coal mining - New River field.","Coal mining - Winding Gulf field.","Coal Mining - Tug River field"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["23.3 Linear Feet Summary: 23 ft. 4 1/4 in. (56 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["23.3 Linear Feet Summary: 23 ft. 4 1/4 in. (56 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 1824, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Justus Collins (1857-1934) Papers, A\u0026M 1824, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1784, 1824\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["1784, 1824"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJustus Collins [1857-1934] was an entrepreneur who opened his first coal mine in the Pocahontas- Flat Top coal field of Southern West Virginia, and thereafter operated mines in the New River, Tug River, and Winding Gulf coal fields. He headed a coal sales agency, speculated in coal and timber lands, headed a cement company, and was interested financially in rubber, oil, and gas companies. He played an important role in organizing the Tug River Coal Operators Association, the Winding Gulf Operators' Association, and the Smokeless Coal Operators Association of West Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials include correspondence, agreements, contracts, deeds, financial statements, ledger books, magazines, maps, minute books, pamphlets, photographs, production and shipping records, reports, and stock books. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection concerns the development of the law volatile, or smokeless, coal fields of Southern West Virginia, ca. 1900-1934. Subjects include: Coal company operation, (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes); coal operators' associations; government investigation and regulation of the coal industry (Interstate Commerce Commission, mining legislation, N.R.A. code, U.S. Railroad Administration) labor (insurance \"on transportation\", strikes, United Mine Workers of America, wages, workman's compensation, \"yellow-dog\" contract); law and order (Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, courts, injunctions, mine guard system, National Guard, secret operatives, state troopers); life in mining camps (amusements, churches, health, housing, recreation, schools, stores); mining safety; railroads (Chesapeake \u0026amp; Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch); and  state and local politics. Other non-coal subjects include cement business, lumber business, tire and tire gauge manufacturing, and oil and gas drilling.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include: S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Justus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W.  Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. RIley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\n \nSeries include:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n1. General Correspondence, 1896–1934 (boxes 1-36) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n2. Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, 1905–1934 (box 36) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n3. Coal Operators Association, 1911–1934 (boxes 37-39) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n4. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Sales Managers' Correspondence, 1914-1915, undated (boxes 40-42)\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n5. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Smithing and Other Sales, 1914–1922 (boxes 43-44) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n6. Superior Portland Cement Company, 1905–1924 (boxes 45-47) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n7. Miscellaneous Printed Materials, 1899–1954 (boxes 48-56) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n8. Oversize Maps, Blueprints, and Charts, 1916-1962, undated (oversize folder)\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes general correspondence between Justus Collins and many others, including S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W. Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. Riley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include coal company operation (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes), coal operators' associations, railroads (Chesapeake \u0026amp; Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch), and state and local politics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material related to the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency (ca. 1890s-1937), which was used by coal operators as strikebreakers in the 1910s and 1920s. Baldwin-Felts detectives were infamous for their violent involvement in the Coal Wars, the Battle of Matewan, and other coal union strikes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes correspondence regarding various coal operators associations, including the Tug River Valley Association, the Winding Gulf Association, the Pocahontas Assocation, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes sales managers' correspondence regarding the Smokeless Fuel Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material regarding smithing and other sales of the Smokeless Fuel Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material regarding the Superior Portland Cement Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes assorted printed materials, including personal and business account books, surveys, stockholders meeting minutes, and other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes oversize maps, blueprints, and charts, including maps of Collins's personal property; maps and blueprints of potential locations for housing, schools, and amenities at Whipple and other coal mines; assorted coal mine maps and blueprints; and statistical charts of productivity and other metrics of Winding Gulf Collieries and other coal companies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Justus Collins [1857-1934] was an entrepreneur who opened his first coal mine in the Pocahontas- Flat Top coal field of Southern West Virginia, and thereafter operated mines in the New River, Tug River, and Winding Gulf coal fields. He headed a coal sales agency, speculated in coal and timber lands, headed a cement company, and was interested financially in rubber, oil, and gas companies. He played an important role in organizing the Tug River Coal Operators Association, the Winding Gulf Operators' Association, and the Smokeless Coal Operators Association of West Virginia.","The materials include correspondence, agreements, contracts, deeds, financial statements, ledger books, magazines, maps, minute books, pamphlets, photographs, production and shipping records, reports, and stock books.","The bulk of the collection concerns the development of the law volatile, or smokeless, coal fields of Southern West Virginia, ca. 1900-1934. Subjects include: Coal company operation, (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes); coal operators' associations; government investigation and regulation of the coal industry (Interstate Commerce Commission, mining legislation, N.R.A. code, U.S. Railroad Administration) labor (insurance \"on transportation\", strikes, United Mine Workers of America, wages, workman's compensation, \"yellow-dog\" contract); law and order (Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, courts, injunctions, mine guard system, National Guard, secret operatives, state troopers); life in mining camps (amusements, churches, health, housing, recreation, schools, stores); mining safety; railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch); and  state and local politics. Other non-coal subjects include cement business, lumber business, tire and tire gauge manufacturing, and oil and gas drilling.","Correspondents include: S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Justus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W.  Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. RIley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.\n \nSeries include:\n1. General Correspondence, 1896–1934 (boxes 1-36) \n2. Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency, 1905–1934 (box 36) \n3. Coal Operators Association, 1911–1934 (boxes 37-39) \n4. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Sales Managers' Correspondence, 1914-1915, undated (boxes 40-42)\n5. Smokeless Fuel Company -- Smithing and Other Sales, 1914–1922 (boxes 43-44) \n6. Superior Portland Cement Company, 1905–1924 (boxes 45-47) \n7. Miscellaneous Printed Materials, 1899–1954 (boxes 48-56) \n8. Oversize Maps, Blueprints, and Charts, 1916-1962, undated (oversize folder)","This series includes general correspondence between Justus Collins and many others, including S.R. Anderson; G. R. Collins; Jairus Collins; Raymond DuPuy; W. J. Elgin; Lamar Epperly; H.D. Everett; T. L. Felts; A.M. Herndon; J.J. Holloway; L. E. Johnson; P. H. Kelly; E.W. Knight; John Laing; I. T. Mann; C. H. Mead; C. J. Milton; J. H. Renahan, P. J. Riley: P. M. Snyder; Holly Stover; W. P. Tams; Jr.: J.J. Tierney; E.E. White; and George Wolfe.","Subjects include coal company operation (coal and coke sales, costs, marketing conditions, price-fixing, profits, salaries, taxes), coal operators' associations, railroads (Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railway, coal car distribution, freight rates, Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad, railway fuel contracts, and Virginian Railway- Organization of Winding Gulf Branch), and state and local politics.","This series includes material related to the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency (ca. 1890s-1937), which was used by coal operators as strikebreakers in the 1910s and 1920s. Baldwin-Felts detectives were infamous for their violent involvement in the Coal Wars, the Battle of Matewan, and other coal union strikes.","This series includes correspondence regarding various coal operators associations, including the Tug River Valley Association, the Winding Gulf Association, the Pocahontas Assocation, and others.","This series includes sales managers' correspondence regarding the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding smithing and other sales of the Smokeless Fuel Company.","This series includes material regarding the Superior Portland Cement Company.","This series includes assorted printed materials, including personal and business account books, surveys, stockholders meeting minutes, and other material.","This series includes oversize maps, blueprints, and charts, including maps of Collins's personal property; maps and blueprints of potential locations for housing, schools, and amenities at Whipple and other coal mines; assorted coal mine maps and blueprints; and statistical charts of productivity and other metrics of Winding Gulf Collieries and other coal companies."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_34a483e0d98d950847652ad89abd4398\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Baldwin-Felts Detective Inc.","United States. Interstate Commerce Commission","Smokeless Coal Operators Association","Tug River Coal Operators Association","United Mine Workers of America","United States. Coal Commission","United States. Fuel Administration","United States. 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Va.)","Religion. SEE ALSO Churches.","Kanawha County Book Protest.","Education - Kanawha County, WV textbook protest, 1975.","Churches  -- West Virginia -- Monongalia County","Broadsides.","Education","Politics and government.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Kanawha County - 1975 textbook protest.","Education. SEE ALSO Schools.","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Articles, broadsides, and other materials concerning selection of textbooks for the public schools of Kanawha County, West Virginia. The controversy involved confrontation between Christian fundamentalists and liberals over educational policy.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_27e02b1d48e14947cb5d320059a7db2a\"\u003eArticles, broadsides, and other materials concerning selection of textbooks for the public schools of Kanawha County, West Virginia. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_776936a598101da86ab6766cbb0f86a8\"\u003ePersonal and business papers of the Lewis family, mainly of John D. (1800-1882), Charles C., Sr. (b.1839), and Charles C., Jr. (b.1865), of Kanawha County. For the period 1825-1875 there are papers of various members of the Ruffner, Dickinson, and Wilson families of West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, Kansas, Missouri, and other states. The business papers relate to farming operations, the purchase and sale of slaves, salt manufacturing and trade, the Old Sweet Springs Company, coal, iron, oil, lumbering, railroads, and real estate in Kanawha, Clay, Boone, Fayette, and Nicholas counties. There are newspaper clippings, speeches, and other papers reflecting the Lewis' interests in the Democratic Party in the period 1914-1920. Settlement papers and correspondence regarding the estates of John D. Lewis, and Joel, Daniel, and Andrew Ruffner are in the collection. The personal papers include diaries, scrapbooks, photographs, and letters. Travel accounts in the United States, South America, and Europe are given in the correspondence, as well as comments on schools in West Virginia and Virginia; the building of a church in Kanawha County in 1834; missionary work in Colombia, South America, 1874-1875; Civil War and postwar conditions in Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, and Missouri; conditions at Camp Chase, in the Civil War; and material relating to World War I.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Personal and business papers of the Lewis family, mainly of John D. (1800-1882), Charles C., Sr. (b.1839), and Charles C., Jr. (b.1865), of Kanawha County. For the period 1825-1875 there are papers of various members of the Ruffner, Dickinson, and Wilson families of West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, Kansas, Missouri, and other states. 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Travel accounts in the United States, South America, and Europe are given in the correspondence, as well as comments on schools in West Virginia and Virginia; the building of a church in Kanawha County in 1834; missionary work in Colombia, South America, 1874-1875; Civil War and postwar conditions in Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, and Missouri; conditions at Camp Chase, in the Civil War; and material relating to World War I."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_09b6621c61ab2d9582aea3dd56a2cfcb\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Personal and business papers of the Lewis family, mainly of John D. (1800-1882), Charles C., Sr. (b.1839), and Charles C., Jr. (b.1865), of Kanawha County. For the period 1825-1875 there are papers of various members of the Ruffner, Dickinson, and Wilson families of West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, Kansas, Missouri, and other states. The business papers relate to farming operations, the purchase and sale of slaves, salt manufacturing and trade, the Old Sweet Springs Company, coal, iron, oil, lumbering, railroads, and real estate in Kanawha, Clay, Boone, Fayette, and Nicholas counties. There are newspaper clippings, speeches, and other papers reflecting the Lewis' interests in the Democratic Party in the period 1914-1920. Settlement papers and correspondence regarding the estates of John D. Lewis, and Joel, Daniel, and Andrew Ruffner are in the collection. 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Travel accounts in the United States, South America, and Europe are given in the correspondence, as well as comments on schools in West Virginia and Virginia; the building of a church in Kanawha County in 1834; missionary work in Colombia, South America, 1874-1875; Civil War and postwar conditions in Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, and Missouri; conditions at Camp Chase, in the Civil War; and material relating to World War I.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Personal and business papers of the Lewis family, mainly of John D. (1800-1882), Charles C., Sr. (b.1839), and Charles C., Jr. (b.1865), of Kanawha County. For the period 1825-1875 there are papers of various members of the Ruffner, Dickinson, and Wilson families of West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, Kansas, Missouri, and other states. 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