{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":1,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_603","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Integration: The African American experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia oral histories","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_603#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Integration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts and a background paper associated with interviews conducted with Harrisonburg residents Elon Rhodes and Barbara Blakey, regarding their experiences living in Virginia from the 1920s-1990s.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_603#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_603","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_603","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_603","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_603","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_603.xml","title_ssm":["Integration: The African American experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia oral histories"],"title_tesim":["Integration: The African American experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["1997"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0015","/repositories/4/resources/603"],"text":["SdArch 0015","/repositories/4/resources/603","Integration: The African American experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia oral histories","United States -- Race relations -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Race relations","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Race relations -- 20th century","Voting -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Segregation in education -- United States","African Americans -- Education -- Southern States","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History","Race discrimination -- United States -- History","Social justice","Social justice -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Social change","Racism -- Political aspects -- United States","Segregation in education -- Virginia -- History","School integration -- Law and legislation","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","School integration","Access to oral histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Audio and transcript are open for research.","Audio and transcript are open for research.","Items are arranged in no particular order.","Todd Fisher, an undergraduate student at James Madison University, conducted this interview as part of the coursework for Anthropology 284, in the Fall of 1991.","Audiocassettes were transferred to MAMA-R 700MB gold cd-r using Tascam cc-222 mkII; 270mb in 2006.","Integration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts and a background paper associated with interviews conducted with Harrisonburg residents, Elon Rhodes and Barbara Blakey, regarding their experiences living in Virginia from the 1920s-1990s.","This monograph provides a short history of Afro-American segregation and desegregation issues from a national and state (Virginia) perspective, beginning with the Reconstruction period following the Civil War. Mentions various issues on a national level: social, political, economic, and educational perspectives, with a review of various individuals and organizations supporting equality issues and black rights: W.E.B. Dubois and the NAACP; Thurgood Marshall; Dr. Martin Luther King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Reviews the concept of sit-ins as a form of protest; differing white responses, including the Ku Klux Klan. Reviews the same issues from the state level, with an emphasis on Virginia's resistive response: pro-segregationist views of Armistead L. Boothe, the Byrd Organization, and the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties versus viewpoints of organizations led by church ministers, college professors and social workers. Also included is information on voter rights and demographic issues. The background paper ends with a brief review of local (Rockingham County and Harrisonburg, Va.) responses to integration efforts, and speculates on reasons why they were mostly favorable.","Records Mr. Rhodes' recollections of growing up in Harrisonburg, Va. during the segregation and integration era following World War I (from 1920's) to the present. Talks about local changes over the years in educational, vocational/job, economic, cultural, recreational, and social opportunities for blacks. In particular, comments on relations between whites and blacks prior to, during and following the Civil Rights movement and school integration era. Talks about changes over the years in trade versus professional opportunities, closed job markets, and GI training to open his barbershop business; also integrated sports opportunities and neighborhoods. Talks about his 25 years of public service as the first black city official; campaigning, etc. (six years on School Board, two as Chair; sixteen years on the City Council, membership on the City annexation committee). Comments on state-wide organizations and individuals created to impede black advancement (Byrd Organization, J. Lindsay Almond) and his own relations with whites, based on business, public and social friendships and contacts. In general, shares his opinions of and philosophy about race relations within the Harrisonburg, Va. community over the years. Recorded at the home of Mr. Elon Rhodes, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 18, 1997.","Records Mrs. Blakey's recollections of growing up and working in Virginia during the segregation and integration era following World War II. In particular, talks about the influence of her parents; college education; teaching career (1955-1996); family; and community life in Harrisonburg, Va. Mentions her experiences as a business teacher, first at the all black elementary-high school, Lucy Simms High School, and then at Harrisonburg High School as the first black teacher following integration. Compares and contrasts curricula and other opportunities at the two schools; the Brown vs Education decision and resulting impact on school integration. Mentions local changes over the years especially in the areas of educational, vocational/job, economic, cultural, recreational, and social opportunities for blacks. Talks about her family and sons, the importance of education; travel to other countries; and church membership. Comments on state-wide organizations and individuals created to impede black advancement (Byrd Organization, J. Lindsay Almond) and her own relations with whites, based on social friendships and contacts. In general, shares her opinions of and philosophy about race relations within the Harrisonburg, Va. community over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Barbara Blakey, Harrisonburg, Va. on April 2, 1997.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Integration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts and a background paper associated with interviews conducted with Harrisonburg residents Elon Rhodes and Barbara Blakey, regarding their experiences living in Virginia from the 1920s-1990s.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Blakey, Barbara Williams, 1934-2020","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0015","/repositories/4/resources/603"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Integration: The African American experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia oral histories"],"collection_title_tesim":["Integration: The African American experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia oral histories"],"collection_ssim":["Integration: The African American experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia oral histories"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Race relations -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Race relations","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Race relations -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Race relations -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Race relations","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Race relations -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Race relations -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Race relations","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Race relations -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Todd Fisher on April 29, 1997."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Voting -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Segregation in education -- United States","African Americans -- Education -- Southern States","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History","Race discrimination -- United States -- History","Social justice","Social justice -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Social change","Racism -- Political aspects -- United States","Segregation in education -- Virginia -- History","School integration -- Law and legislation","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","School integration"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Voting -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Segregation in education -- United States","African Americans -- Education -- Southern States","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History","Race discrimination -- United States -- History","Social justice","Social justice -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Social change","Racism -- Political aspects -- United States","Segregation in education -- Virginia -- History","School integration -- Law and legislation","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","School integration"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 cubic feet 3 folders, 3 audiocassettes, 2 cds"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 cubic feet 3 folders, 3 audiocassettes, 2 cds"],"date_range_isim":[1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to oral histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudio and transcript are open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudio and transcript are open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to oral histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Audio and transcript are open for research.","Audio and transcript are open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems are arranged in no particular order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Items are arranged in no particular order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTodd Fisher, an undergraduate student at James Madison University, conducted this interview as part of the coursework for Anthropology 284, in the Fall of 1991.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Todd Fisher, an undergraduate student at James Madison University, conducted this interview as part of the coursework for Anthropology 284, in the Fall of 1991."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Integration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, SdArch 0015, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Integration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, SdArch 0015, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudiocassettes were transferred to MAMA-R 700MB gold cd-r using Tascam cc-222 mkII; 270mb in 2006.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Audiocassettes were transferred to MAMA-R 700MB gold cd-r using Tascam cc-222 mkII; 270mb in 2006."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIntegration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts and a background paper associated with interviews conducted with Harrisonburg residents, Elon Rhodes and Barbara Blakey, regarding their experiences living in Virginia from the 1920s-1990s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis monograph provides a short history of Afro-American segregation and desegregation issues from a national and state (Virginia) perspective, beginning with the Reconstruction period following the Civil War. Mentions various issues on a national level: social, political, economic, and educational perspectives, with a review of various individuals and organizations supporting equality issues and black rights: W.E.B. Dubois and the NAACP; Thurgood Marshall; Dr. Martin Luther King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Reviews the concept of sit-ins as a form of protest; differing white responses, including the Ku Klux Klan. Reviews the same issues from the state level, with an emphasis on Virginia's resistive response: pro-segregationist views of Armistead L. Boothe, the Byrd Organization, and the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties versus viewpoints of organizations led by church ministers, college professors and social workers. Also included is information on voter rights and demographic issues. The background paper ends with a brief review of local (Rockingham County and Harrisonburg, Va.) responses to integration efforts, and speculates on reasons why they were mostly favorable.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords Mr. Rhodes' recollections of growing up in Harrisonburg, Va. during the segregation and integration era following World War I (from 1920's) to the present. Talks about local changes over the years in educational, vocational/job, economic, cultural, recreational, and social opportunities for blacks. In particular, comments on relations between whites and blacks prior to, during and following the Civil Rights movement and school integration era. Talks about changes over the years in trade versus professional opportunities, closed job markets, and GI training to open his barbershop business; also integrated sports opportunities and neighborhoods. Talks about his 25 years of public service as the first black city official; campaigning, etc. (six years on School Board, two as Chair; sixteen years on the City Council, membership on the City annexation committee). Comments on state-wide organizations and individuals created to impede black advancement (Byrd Organization, J. Lindsay Almond) and his own relations with whites, based on business, public and social friendships and contacts. In general, shares his opinions of and philosophy about race relations within the Harrisonburg, Va. community over the years. Recorded at the home of Mr. Elon Rhodes, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 18, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords Mrs. Blakey's recollections of growing up and working in Virginia during the segregation and integration era following World War II. In particular, talks about the influence of her parents; college education; teaching career (1955-1996); family; and community life in Harrisonburg, Va. Mentions her experiences as a business teacher, first at the all black elementary-high school, Lucy Simms High School, and then at Harrisonburg High School as the first black teacher following integration. Compares and contrasts curricula and other opportunities at the two schools; the Brown vs Education decision and resulting impact on school integration. Mentions local changes over the years especially in the areas of educational, vocational/job, economic, cultural, recreational, and social opportunities for blacks. Talks about her family and sons, the importance of education; travel to other countries; and church membership. Comments on state-wide organizations and individuals created to impede black advancement (Byrd Organization, J. Lindsay Almond) and her own relations with whites, based on social friendships and contacts. In general, shares her opinions of and philosophy about race relations within the Harrisonburg, Va. community over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Barbara Blakey, Harrisonburg, Va. on April 2, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Integration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts and a background paper associated with interviews conducted with Harrisonburg residents, Elon Rhodes and Barbara Blakey, regarding their experiences living in Virginia from the 1920s-1990s.","This monograph provides a short history of Afro-American segregation and desegregation issues from a national and state (Virginia) perspective, beginning with the Reconstruction period following the Civil War. Mentions various issues on a national level: social, political, economic, and educational perspectives, with a review of various individuals and organizations supporting equality issues and black rights: W.E.B. Dubois and the NAACP; Thurgood Marshall; Dr. Martin Luther King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Reviews the concept of sit-ins as a form of protest; differing white responses, including the Ku Klux Klan. Reviews the same issues from the state level, with an emphasis on Virginia's resistive response: pro-segregationist views of Armistead L. Boothe, the Byrd Organization, and the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties versus viewpoints of organizations led by church ministers, college professors and social workers. Also included is information on voter rights and demographic issues. The background paper ends with a brief review of local (Rockingham County and Harrisonburg, Va.) responses to integration efforts, and speculates on reasons why they were mostly favorable.","Records Mr. Rhodes' recollections of growing up in Harrisonburg, Va. during the segregation and integration era following World War I (from 1920's) to the present. Talks about local changes over the years in educational, vocational/job, economic, cultural, recreational, and social opportunities for blacks. In particular, comments on relations between whites and blacks prior to, during and following the Civil Rights movement and school integration era. Talks about changes over the years in trade versus professional opportunities, closed job markets, and GI training to open his barbershop business; also integrated sports opportunities and neighborhoods. Talks about his 25 years of public service as the first black city official; campaigning, etc. (six years on School Board, two as Chair; sixteen years on the City Council, membership on the City annexation committee). Comments on state-wide organizations and individuals created to impede black advancement (Byrd Organization, J. Lindsay Almond) and his own relations with whites, based on business, public and social friendships and contacts. In general, shares his opinions of and philosophy about race relations within the Harrisonburg, Va. community over the years. Recorded at the home of Mr. Elon Rhodes, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 18, 1997.","Records Mrs. Blakey's recollections of growing up and working in Virginia during the segregation and integration era following World War II. In particular, talks about the influence of her parents; college education; teaching career (1955-1996); family; and community life in Harrisonburg, Va. Mentions her experiences as a business teacher, first at the all black elementary-high school, Lucy Simms High School, and then at Harrisonburg High School as the first black teacher following integration. Compares and contrasts curricula and other opportunities at the two schools; the Brown vs Education decision and resulting impact on school integration. Mentions local changes over the years especially in the areas of educational, vocational/job, economic, cultural, recreational, and social opportunities for blacks. Talks about her family and sons, the importance of education; travel to other countries; and church membership. Comments on state-wide organizations and individuals created to impede black advancement (Byrd Organization, J. Lindsay Almond) and her own relations with whites, based on social friendships and contacts. In general, shares her opinions of and philosophy about race relations within the Harrisonburg, Va. community over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Barbara Blakey, Harrisonburg, Va. on April 2, 1997."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions","Conditions Governing Use","Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ed553d124e7648d2be0b024494b4fb12\"\u003eIntegration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts and a background paper associated with interviews conducted with Harrisonburg residents Elon Rhodes and Barbara Blakey, regarding their experiences living in Virginia from the 1920s-1990s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Integration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts and a background paper associated with interviews conducted with Harrisonburg residents Elon Rhodes and Barbara Blakey, regarding their experiences living in Virginia from the 1920s-1990s."],"names_coll_ssim":["National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Blakey, Barbara Williams, 1934-2020"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"persname_ssim":["Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Blakey, Barbara Williams, 1934-2020"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:19:36.409Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_603","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_603","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_603","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_603","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_603.xml","title_ssm":["Integration: The African American experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia oral histories"],"title_tesim":["Integration: The African American experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["1997"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0015","/repositories/4/resources/603"],"text":["SdArch 0015","/repositories/4/resources/603","Integration: The African American experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia oral histories","United States -- Race relations -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Race relations","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Race relations -- 20th century","Voting -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Segregation in education -- United States","African Americans -- Education -- Southern States","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History","Race discrimination -- United States -- History","Social justice","Social justice -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Social change","Racism -- Political aspects -- United States","Segregation in education -- Virginia -- History","School integration -- Law and legislation","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","School integration","Access to oral histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Audio and transcript are open for research.","Audio and transcript are open for research.","Items are arranged in no particular order.","Todd Fisher, an undergraduate student at James Madison University, conducted this interview as part of the coursework for Anthropology 284, in the Fall of 1991.","Audiocassettes were transferred to MAMA-R 700MB gold cd-r using Tascam cc-222 mkII; 270mb in 2006.","Integration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts and a background paper associated with interviews conducted with Harrisonburg residents, Elon Rhodes and Barbara Blakey, regarding their experiences living in Virginia from the 1920s-1990s.","This monograph provides a short history of Afro-American segregation and desegregation issues from a national and state (Virginia) perspective, beginning with the Reconstruction period following the Civil War. Mentions various issues on a national level: social, political, economic, and educational perspectives, with a review of various individuals and organizations supporting equality issues and black rights: W.E.B. Dubois and the NAACP; Thurgood Marshall; Dr. Martin Luther King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Reviews the concept of sit-ins as a form of protest; differing white responses, including the Ku Klux Klan. Reviews the same issues from the state level, with an emphasis on Virginia's resistive response: pro-segregationist views of Armistead L. Boothe, the Byrd Organization, and the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties versus viewpoints of organizations led by church ministers, college professors and social workers. Also included is information on voter rights and demographic issues. The background paper ends with a brief review of local (Rockingham County and Harrisonburg, Va.) responses to integration efforts, and speculates on reasons why they were mostly favorable.","Records Mr. Rhodes' recollections of growing up in Harrisonburg, Va. during the segregation and integration era following World War I (from 1920's) to the present. Talks about local changes over the years in educational, vocational/job, economic, cultural, recreational, and social opportunities for blacks. In particular, comments on relations between whites and blacks prior to, during and following the Civil Rights movement and school integration era. Talks about changes over the years in trade versus professional opportunities, closed job markets, and GI training to open his barbershop business; also integrated sports opportunities and neighborhoods. Talks about his 25 years of public service as the first black city official; campaigning, etc. (six years on School Board, two as Chair; sixteen years on the City Council, membership on the City annexation committee). Comments on state-wide organizations and individuals created to impede black advancement (Byrd Organization, J. Lindsay Almond) and his own relations with whites, based on business, public and social friendships and contacts. In general, shares his opinions of and philosophy about race relations within the Harrisonburg, Va. community over the years. Recorded at the home of Mr. Elon Rhodes, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 18, 1997.","Records Mrs. Blakey's recollections of growing up and working in Virginia during the segregation and integration era following World War II. In particular, talks about the influence of her parents; college education; teaching career (1955-1996); family; and community life in Harrisonburg, Va. Mentions her experiences as a business teacher, first at the all black elementary-high school, Lucy Simms High School, and then at Harrisonburg High School as the first black teacher following integration. Compares and contrasts curricula and other opportunities at the two schools; the Brown vs Education decision and resulting impact on school integration. Mentions local changes over the years especially in the areas of educational, vocational/job, economic, cultural, recreational, and social opportunities for blacks. Talks about her family and sons, the importance of education; travel to other countries; and church membership. Comments on state-wide organizations and individuals created to impede black advancement (Byrd Organization, J. Lindsay Almond) and her own relations with whites, based on social friendships and contacts. In general, shares her opinions of and philosophy about race relations within the Harrisonburg, Va. community over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Barbara Blakey, Harrisonburg, Va. on April 2, 1997.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Integration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts and a background paper associated with interviews conducted with Harrisonburg residents Elon Rhodes and Barbara Blakey, regarding their experiences living in Virginia from the 1920s-1990s.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Blakey, Barbara Williams, 1934-2020","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0015","/repositories/4/resources/603"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Integration: The African American experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia oral histories"],"collection_title_tesim":["Integration: The African American experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia oral histories"],"collection_ssim":["Integration: The African American experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia oral histories"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Race relations -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Race relations","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Race relations -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Race relations -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Race relations","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Race relations -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Race relations -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Race relations","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Race relations -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Todd Fisher on April 29, 1997."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Voting -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Segregation in education -- United States","African Americans -- Education -- Southern States","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History","Race discrimination -- United States -- History","Social justice","Social justice -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Social change","Racism -- Political aspects -- United States","Segregation in education -- Virginia -- History","School integration -- Law and legislation","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","School integration"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Voting -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Segregation in education -- United States","African Americans -- Education -- Southern States","African Americans -- Civil rights -- History","Race discrimination -- United States -- History","Social justice","Social justice -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Social change","Racism -- Political aspects -- United States","Segregation in education -- Virginia -- History","School integration -- Law and legislation","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","School integration"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 cubic feet 3 folders, 3 audiocassettes, 2 cds"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 cubic feet 3 folders, 3 audiocassettes, 2 cds"],"date_range_isim":[1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to oral histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudio and transcript are open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudio and transcript are open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to oral histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Audio and transcript are open for research.","Audio and transcript are open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems are arranged in no particular order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Items are arranged in no particular order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTodd Fisher, an undergraduate student at James Madison University, conducted this interview as part of the coursework for Anthropology 284, in the Fall of 1991.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Todd Fisher, an undergraduate student at James Madison University, conducted this interview as part of the coursework for Anthropology 284, in the Fall of 1991."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Integration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, SdArch 0015, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Integration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, SdArch 0015, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudiocassettes were transferred to MAMA-R 700MB gold cd-r using Tascam cc-222 mkII; 270mb in 2006.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Audiocassettes were transferred to MAMA-R 700MB gold cd-r using Tascam cc-222 mkII; 270mb in 2006."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIntegration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts and a background paper associated with interviews conducted with Harrisonburg residents, Elon Rhodes and Barbara Blakey, regarding their experiences living in Virginia from the 1920s-1990s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis monograph provides a short history of Afro-American segregation and desegregation issues from a national and state (Virginia) perspective, beginning with the Reconstruction period following the Civil War. Mentions various issues on a national level: social, political, economic, and educational perspectives, with a review of various individuals and organizations supporting equality issues and black rights: W.E.B. Dubois and the NAACP; Thurgood Marshall; Dr. Martin Luther King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Reviews the concept of sit-ins as a form of protest; differing white responses, including the Ku Klux Klan. Reviews the same issues from the state level, with an emphasis on Virginia's resistive response: pro-segregationist views of Armistead L. Boothe, the Byrd Organization, and the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties versus viewpoints of organizations led by church ministers, college professors and social workers. Also included is information on voter rights and demographic issues. The background paper ends with a brief review of local (Rockingham County and Harrisonburg, Va.) responses to integration efforts, and speculates on reasons why they were mostly favorable.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords Mr. Rhodes' recollections of growing up in Harrisonburg, Va. during the segregation and integration era following World War I (from 1920's) to the present. Talks about local changes over the years in educational, vocational/job, economic, cultural, recreational, and social opportunities for blacks. In particular, comments on relations between whites and blacks prior to, during and following the Civil Rights movement and school integration era. Talks about changes over the years in trade versus professional opportunities, closed job markets, and GI training to open his barbershop business; also integrated sports opportunities and neighborhoods. Talks about his 25 years of public service as the first black city official; campaigning, etc. (six years on School Board, two as Chair; sixteen years on the City Council, membership on the City annexation committee). Comments on state-wide organizations and individuals created to impede black advancement (Byrd Organization, J. Lindsay Almond) and his own relations with whites, based on business, public and social friendships and contacts. In general, shares his opinions of and philosophy about race relations within the Harrisonburg, Va. community over the years. Recorded at the home of Mr. Elon Rhodes, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 18, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords Mrs. Blakey's recollections of growing up and working in Virginia during the segregation and integration era following World War II. In particular, talks about the influence of her parents; college education; teaching career (1955-1996); family; and community life in Harrisonburg, Va. Mentions her experiences as a business teacher, first at the all black elementary-high school, Lucy Simms High School, and then at Harrisonburg High School as the first black teacher following integration. Compares and contrasts curricula and other opportunities at the two schools; the Brown vs Education decision and resulting impact on school integration. Mentions local changes over the years especially in the areas of educational, vocational/job, economic, cultural, recreational, and social opportunities for blacks. Talks about her family and sons, the importance of education; travel to other countries; and church membership. Comments on state-wide organizations and individuals created to impede black advancement (Byrd Organization, J. Lindsay Almond) and her own relations with whites, based on social friendships and contacts. In general, shares her opinions of and philosophy about race relations within the Harrisonburg, Va. community over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Barbara Blakey, Harrisonburg, Va. on April 2, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Integration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts and a background paper associated with interviews conducted with Harrisonburg residents, Elon Rhodes and Barbara Blakey, regarding their experiences living in Virginia from the 1920s-1990s.","This monograph provides a short history of Afro-American segregation and desegregation issues from a national and state (Virginia) perspective, beginning with the Reconstruction period following the Civil War. Mentions various issues on a national level: social, political, economic, and educational perspectives, with a review of various individuals and organizations supporting equality issues and black rights: W.E.B. Dubois and the NAACP; Thurgood Marshall; Dr. Martin Luther King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Reviews the concept of sit-ins as a form of protest; differing white responses, including the Ku Klux Klan. Reviews the same issues from the state level, with an emphasis on Virginia's resistive response: pro-segregationist views of Armistead L. Boothe, the Byrd Organization, and the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties versus viewpoints of organizations led by church ministers, college professors and social workers. Also included is information on voter rights and demographic issues. The background paper ends with a brief review of local (Rockingham County and Harrisonburg, Va.) responses to integration efforts, and speculates on reasons why they were mostly favorable.","Records Mr. Rhodes' recollections of growing up in Harrisonburg, Va. during the segregation and integration era following World War I (from 1920's) to the present. Talks about local changes over the years in educational, vocational/job, economic, cultural, recreational, and social opportunities for blacks. In particular, comments on relations between whites and blacks prior to, during and following the Civil Rights movement and school integration era. Talks about changes over the years in trade versus professional opportunities, closed job markets, and GI training to open his barbershop business; also integrated sports opportunities and neighborhoods. Talks about his 25 years of public service as the first black city official; campaigning, etc. (six years on School Board, two as Chair; sixteen years on the City Council, membership on the City annexation committee). Comments on state-wide organizations and individuals created to impede black advancement (Byrd Organization, J. Lindsay Almond) and his own relations with whites, based on business, public and social friendships and contacts. In general, shares his opinions of and philosophy about race relations within the Harrisonburg, Va. community over the years. Recorded at the home of Mr. Elon Rhodes, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 18, 1997.","Records Mrs. Blakey's recollections of growing up and working in Virginia during the segregation and integration era following World War II. In particular, talks about the influence of her parents; college education; teaching career (1955-1996); family; and community life in Harrisonburg, Va. Mentions her experiences as a business teacher, first at the all black elementary-high school, Lucy Simms High School, and then at Harrisonburg High School as the first black teacher following integration. Compares and contrasts curricula and other opportunities at the two schools; the Brown vs Education decision and resulting impact on school integration. Mentions local changes over the years especially in the areas of educational, vocational/job, economic, cultural, recreational, and social opportunities for blacks. Talks about her family and sons, the importance of education; travel to other countries; and church membership. Comments on state-wide organizations and individuals created to impede black advancement (Byrd Organization, J. Lindsay Almond) and her own relations with whites, based on social friendships and contacts. In general, shares her opinions of and philosophy about race relations within the Harrisonburg, Va. community over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Barbara Blakey, Harrisonburg, Va. on April 2, 1997."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions","Conditions Governing Use","Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ed553d124e7648d2be0b024494b4fb12\"\u003eIntegration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts and a background paper associated with interviews conducted with Harrisonburg residents Elon Rhodes and Barbara Blakey, regarding their experiences living in Virginia from the 1920s-1990s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Integration: the African American Experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia, Oral Histories, 1997, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts and a background paper associated with interviews conducted with Harrisonburg residents Elon Rhodes and Barbara Blakey, regarding their experiences living in Virginia from the 1920s-1990s."],"names_coll_ssim":["National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Blakey, Barbara Williams, 1934-2020"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"persname_ssim":["Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Blakey, Barbara Williams, 1934-2020"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:19:36.409Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_603"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Integration: The African American experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia oral histories","value":"Integration: The African American experience in Harrisonburg, Virginia oral histories","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Integration%3A+The+African+American+experience+in+Harrisonburg%2C+Virginia+oral+histories\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1997","value":"1997","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1997\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Blakey, Barbara Williams, 1934-2020","value":"Blakey, Barbara Williams, 1934-2020","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Blakey%2C+Barbara+Williams%2C+1934-2020\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","value":"James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University+Libraries+Special+Collections\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","value":"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=National+Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Colored+People\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","value":"Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Rhodes%2C+Elon+W.+%28Elon+Walter%29%2C+1922-2006\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Race relations","value":"Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Race relations","hits":1},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Rockingham County (Va.) -- Race relations -- 20th century","value":"Rockingham County (Va.) -- Race relations -- 20th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations+--+20th+century\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States -- Race relations -- 20th century","value":"United States -- Race relations -- 20th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Race+relations+--+20th+century\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans -- Civil rights -- History","value":"African Americans -- Civil rights -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Civil+rights+--+History\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans -- Education -- Southern States","value":"African Americans -- Education -- Southern States","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Education+--+Southern+States\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Race discrimination -- United States -- History","value":"Race discrimination -- United States -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+discrimination+--+United+States+--+History\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Racism -- Political aspects -- United States","value":"Racism -- Political aspects -- United States","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Racism+--+Political+aspects+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","value":"Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Reconstruction+%28U.S.+history%2C+1865-1877%29\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"School integration","value":"School integration","hits":1},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"School integration -- Law and legislation","value":"School integration -- Law and legislation","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration+--+Law+and+legislation\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Segregation in education -- United States","value":"Segregation in education -- United States","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Segregation+in+education+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Segregation in education -- Virginia -- History","value":"Segregation in education -- Virginia -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Segregation+in+education+--+Virginia+--+History\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Social change","value":"Social change","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Social+change\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Social justice","value":"Social justice","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Social+justice\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026search_field=keyword\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026search_field=name\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026search_field=place\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026search_field=subject\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026search_field=title\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026search_field=container\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026search_field=identifier\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026sort=date_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026sort=date_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026sort=title_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=School+integration\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+Race+relations\u0026sort=title_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}}]}