{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Religion+and+culture\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Religion+and+culture\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Religion+and+culture\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":12,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1657","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"African Qur'an Manuscript, 1869","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1657#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eUnbound manuscript of the Qur'an (after 1869) with a leather shoulder bag (undated). Consists of about 700 pages with each page containing about 12 lines of script. Written in Arabic with African decorations throughout. The number of \"ayahs\" in this volume is a variant from Eastern or Ottoman contemporary Qur'ans. All of the verses are separated by three small circles in the form of a pyramid and every tenth verse is separated by two concentric circles.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1657#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1657","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1657","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1657","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1657","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1657.xml","title_filing_ssi":"African Qur'an Manuscript and Shoulder Bag","title_ssm":["African Qur'an Manuscript"],"title_tesim":["African Qur'an Manuscript"],"unitdate_ssm":["after 1869"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["after 1869"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1869"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African Qur'an Manuscript, 1869"],"text":["African Qur'an Manuscript, 1869","MS 00093","/repositories/2/resources/1657","Muslims","Quran--Manuscripts, Arabic","Religion and culture","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Unbound manuscript of the Qur'an (after 1869) with a leather shoulder bag (undated). Consists of about 700 pages with each page containing about 12 lines of script. Written in Arabic with African decorations throughout. The number of \"ayahs\" in this volume is a variant from Eastern or Ottoman contemporary Qur'ans. All of the verses are separated by three small circles in the form of a pyramid and every tenth verse is separated by two concentric circles.","The manuscript is written Left to Right (LTR) and reads front to back.  The page numbers in pencil indicate correct reading order.\n   [The following information was compiled by William \u0026 Mary students Alex Wingate, James Sylvester and Professor George Greenia, spring semester 2017]","Nigerian Qur'an","The volume is comprised of a stack of loose sheets, still pristine for their age, never intended to be bound into a book block. The covers are stiff paste board without writing or decoration, the first (\"title\") sheet composed of two sheets pasted together for rigidity and strength. Loose sheets would allow for easy sharing among a group memorizing and chanting a given passage or sura, one of the 114 chapters of the standard Qur'an whose text was already stabilized within a few decades of the death of the Prophet. The format suggests that this Qur'an was prepared to travel, but in the end was preserved more as a private cultic object than put into service as a study or recitation text in a mosque or madrasa (school). There is little sign of normal reader's use or deterioration from travel despite its sturdy goat skin tote bag with decorative stitching and dyed panels and shoulder strap. The muted decoration is non-representational and leans toward the geometric in accordance with Islamic tradition.","The handmade paper was leaf cast in sheets probably four times the size of the current leaves and cut in quarters. The paper molds incorporated two wire watermarks straddling the eventual cut lines so that a portion of each design is visible on each leaf. The watermarks present a curious and decidedly Western intrusion for a sacred Qur'an which avoids imagery other than highly stylized floral or star motifs. The sheets were created extra thick which makes them durable as singlets if less accom­mo­dating to repeated folding or sewing into a normal book block. The writing support is dense and opaque, an advantage for bold script with a deep ink bite and destined for bold illuminations on both sides.","The first watermark, common among British papermakers, offers an image of a seated Britannia with a spear and a shield bearing a 'cross ordinary.' The second is the coat of arms of the Church Missionary Society Bookshop, a shield quartered with a star in the center. The first quarter (top left) has a dove, the second (top right) an open book, the third (bottom left) an elephant, and the fourth (bottom right) a palm tree. A scroll underneath the shield reads \"C.M.S. BOOKSHOP LAGOS.\" The Lagos bookshop was founded in 1869 so the paper which ended up in this Qur'an was made no earlier than that date. According to Terence Walz, the writing support might be better dated to 1900 or later: \"Paper made by Waterlow \u0026 Sons Limited, John Dent \u0026 Co., T.H. Saunders, and C.M.S. Bookshop (Lagos), all British firms, probably dates from the time of formal British occupation (1900) and after\" (in The Trans-Saharan Book Trade: Manuscript Culture, Arabic Literacy and Intellectual History in Muslim Africa [Eds. Graziano Kra?tli, Ghislaine Lydon. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2011], 102). The paper is made to British standards and the good quality black and red inks are as likely imported from England as not. There is perhaps a gentle irony in the fact that a Christian missionary enterprise supplied the writing supports for a foreign Muslim community to produce a Qur'an.","The scribal hand is uniform throughout, probably written with reeds, the traditional tool of Islamic scribes; by the turn of the twentieth century steel nib pens were becoming common and might have been used for the red vocalization marks. The Arabic alphabet does not include short vowels which are cued for readers through a corrector's second pass – a practice which guarantees the over­sight of two know­ledgeable scribes and therefore a more reliable and accurate text. The decorative touches are traditional designs conforming to Islamic delight in colorful geometric patterns as navigational aids meant to help a reader find his way through the suras.","Hand copying Qur'ans is a highly significant cultic practice among Muslims. Paul L. Hover notes that \"Printing was forbidden in the Middle East soon after its invention, and Islamic societies resisted the printing press for several centuries. The most powerful Muslim ruler of the time, the Turkish Sultan Byazid II, banned the possession of printed matter as early as 1485, and his decision was enforced in 1515 by Selim I. (J. Pedersen, The Arabic book. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1984). The earliest printing press located in the Arab world was established in North Lebanon in 1610 at the Maronite monastery of St. Anthony. … Abandoning manuscripts would be cultural treason, for copying is considered a kind of prayer. Every manuscript was a link in the chain of authority with the past, an assurance that one would not be drawn far from the source of truth. Printing would not only be a gesture of impiety, but rather an act of infidelity that strikes at the heart of Islamic civilization.\" (\"Islamic Book and Information Culture: An Overview.\" Webology 4.1 (2007).","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Arabic"],"collection_title_tesim":["African Qur'an Manuscript, 1869"],"collection_ssim":["African Qur'an Manuscript, 1869"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00093","/repositories/2/resources/1657"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00093","/repositories/2/resources/1657"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Muslims","Quran--Manuscripts, Arabic","Religion and culture"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Muslims","Quran--Manuscripts, Arabic","Religion and culture"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1869],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfrican Qur'an Manuscript, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["African Qur'an Manuscript, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnbound manuscript of the Qur'an (after 1869) with a leather shoulder bag (undated). Consists of about 700 pages with each page containing about 12 lines of script. Written in Arabic with African decorations throughout. The number of \"ayahs\" in this volume is a variant from Eastern or Ottoman contemporary Qur'ans. All of the verses are separated by three small circles in the form of a pyramid and every tenth verse is separated by two concentric circles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript is written Left to Right (LTR) and reads front to back.  The page numbers in pencil indicate correct reading order.\n  \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e[The following information was compiled by William \u0026amp; Mary students Alex Wingate, James Sylvester and Professor George Greenia, spring semester 2017]\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNigerian Qur'an\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe volume is comprised of a stack of loose sheets, still pristine for their age, never intended to be bound into a book block. The covers are stiff paste board without writing or decoration, the first (\"title\") sheet composed of two sheets pasted together for rigidity and strength. Loose sheets would allow for easy sharing among a group memorizing and chanting a given passage or \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003esura\u003c/emph\u003e, one of the 114 chapters of the standard Qur'an whose text was already stabilized within a few decades of the death of the Prophet. The format suggests that this Qur'an was prepared to travel, but in the end was preserved more as a private cultic object than put into service as a study or recitation text in a mosque or \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003emadrasa\u003c/emph\u003e (school). There is little sign of normal reader's use or deterioration from travel despite its sturdy goat skin tote bag with decorative stitching and dyed panels and shoulder strap. The muted decoration is non-representational and leans toward the geometric in accordance with Islamic tradition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe handmade paper was leaf cast in sheets probably four times the size of the current leaves and cut in quarters. The paper molds incorporated two wire watermarks straddling the eventual cut lines so that a portion of each design is visible on each leaf. The watermarks present a curious and decidedly Western intrusion for a sacred Qur'an which avoids imagery other than highly stylized floral or star motifs. The sheets were created extra thick which makes them durable as singlets if less accom­mo­dating to repeated folding or sewing into a normal book block. The writing support is dense and opaque, an advantage for bold script with a deep ink bite and destined for bold illuminations on both sides.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first watermark, common among British papermakers, offers an image of a seated Britannia with a spear and a shield bearing a 'cross ordinary.' The second is the coat of arms of the Church Missionary Society Bookshop, a shield quartered with a star in the center. The first quarter (top left) has a dove, the second (top right) an open book, the third (bottom left) an elephant, and the fourth (bottom right) a palm tree. A scroll underneath the shield reads \"C.M.S. BOOKSHOP LAGOS.\" The Lagos bookshop was founded in 1869 so the paper which ended up in this Qur'an was made no earlier than that date. According to Terence Walz, the writing support might be better dated to 1900 or later: \"Paper made by Waterlow \u0026amp; Sons Limited, John Dent \u0026amp; Co., T.H. Saunders, and C.M.S. Bookshop (Lagos), all British firms, probably dates from the time of formal British occupation (1900) and after\" (in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Trans-Saharan Book Trade: Manuscript Culture, Arabic Literacy and Intellectual History in Muslim Africa\u003c/emph\u003e [Eds. Graziano Kra?tli, Ghislaine Lydon. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2011], 102). The paper is made to British standards and the good quality black and red inks are as likely imported from England as not. There is perhaps a gentle irony in the fact that a Christian missionary enterprise supplied the writing supports for a foreign Muslim community to produce a Qur'an.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe scribal hand is uniform throughout, probably written with reeds, the traditional tool of Islamic scribes; by the turn of the twentieth century steel nib pens were becoming common and might have been used for the red vocalization marks. The Arabic alphabet does not include short vowels which are cued for readers through a corrector's second pass – a practice which guarantees the over­sight of two know­ledgeable scribes and therefore a more reliable and accurate text. The decorative touches are traditional designs conforming to Islamic delight in colorful geometric patterns as navigational aids meant to help a reader find his way through the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003esuras\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Hand copying Qur'ans is a highly significant cultic practice among Muslims. Paul L. Hover notes that \"Printing was forbidden in the Middle East soon after its invention, and Islamic societies resisted the printing press for several centuries. The most powerful Muslim ruler of the time, the Turkish Sultan Byazid II, banned the possession of printed matter as early as 1485, and his decision was enforced in 1515 by Selim I. (J. Pedersen, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Arabic book\u003c/emph\u003e. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1984). The earliest printing press located in the Arab world was established in North Lebanon in 1610 at the Maronite monastery of St. Anthony. … Abandoning manuscripts would be cultural treason, for copying is considered a kind of prayer. Every manuscript was a link in the chain of authority with the past, an assurance that one would not be drawn far from the source of truth. Printing would not only be a gesture of impiety, but rather an act of infidelity that strikes at the heart of Islamic civilization.\" (\"Islamic Book and Information Culture: An Overview.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWebology\u003c/emph\u003e 4.1 (2007). \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Unbound manuscript of the Qur'an (after 1869) with a leather shoulder bag (undated). Consists of about 700 pages with each page containing about 12 lines of script. Written in Arabic with African decorations throughout. The number of \"ayahs\" in this volume is a variant from Eastern or Ottoman contemporary Qur'ans. All of the verses are separated by three small circles in the form of a pyramid and every tenth verse is separated by two concentric circles.","The manuscript is written Left to Right (LTR) and reads front to back.  The page numbers in pencil indicate correct reading order.\n   [The following information was compiled by William \u0026 Mary students Alex Wingate, James Sylvester and Professor George Greenia, spring semester 2017]","Nigerian Qur'an","The volume is comprised of a stack of loose sheets, still pristine for their age, never intended to be bound into a book block. The covers are stiff paste board without writing or decoration, the first (\"title\") sheet composed of two sheets pasted together for rigidity and strength. Loose sheets would allow for easy sharing among a group memorizing and chanting a given passage or sura, one of the 114 chapters of the standard Qur'an whose text was already stabilized within a few decades of the death of the Prophet. The format suggests that this Qur'an was prepared to travel, but in the end was preserved more as a private cultic object than put into service as a study or recitation text in a mosque or madrasa (school). There is little sign of normal reader's use or deterioration from travel despite its sturdy goat skin tote bag with decorative stitching and dyed panels and shoulder strap. The muted decoration is non-representational and leans toward the geometric in accordance with Islamic tradition.","The handmade paper was leaf cast in sheets probably four times the size of the current leaves and cut in quarters. The paper molds incorporated two wire watermarks straddling the eventual cut lines so that a portion of each design is visible on each leaf. The watermarks present a curious and decidedly Western intrusion for a sacred Qur'an which avoids imagery other than highly stylized floral or star motifs. The sheets were created extra thick which makes them durable as singlets if less accom­mo­dating to repeated folding or sewing into a normal book block. The writing support is dense and opaque, an advantage for bold script with a deep ink bite and destined for bold illuminations on both sides.","The first watermark, common among British papermakers, offers an image of a seated Britannia with a spear and a shield bearing a 'cross ordinary.' The second is the coat of arms of the Church Missionary Society Bookshop, a shield quartered with a star in the center. The first quarter (top left) has a dove, the second (top right) an open book, the third (bottom left) an elephant, and the fourth (bottom right) a palm tree. A scroll underneath the shield reads \"C.M.S. BOOKSHOP LAGOS.\" The Lagos bookshop was founded in 1869 so the paper which ended up in this Qur'an was made no earlier than that date. According to Terence Walz, the writing support might be better dated to 1900 or later: \"Paper made by Waterlow \u0026 Sons Limited, John Dent \u0026 Co., T.H. Saunders, and C.M.S. Bookshop (Lagos), all British firms, probably dates from the time of formal British occupation (1900) and after\" (in The Trans-Saharan Book Trade: Manuscript Culture, Arabic Literacy and Intellectual History in Muslim Africa [Eds. Graziano Kra?tli, Ghislaine Lydon. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2011], 102). The paper is made to British standards and the good quality black and red inks are as likely imported from England as not. There is perhaps a gentle irony in the fact that a Christian missionary enterprise supplied the writing supports for a foreign Muslim community to produce a Qur'an.","The scribal hand is uniform throughout, probably written with reeds, the traditional tool of Islamic scribes; by the turn of the twentieth century steel nib pens were becoming common and might have been used for the red vocalization marks. The Arabic alphabet does not include short vowels which are cued for readers through a corrector's second pass – a practice which guarantees the over­sight of two know­ledgeable scribes and therefore a more reliable and accurate text. The decorative touches are traditional designs conforming to Islamic delight in colorful geometric patterns as navigational aids meant to help a reader find his way through the suras.","Hand copying Qur'ans is a highly significant cultic practice among Muslims. Paul L. Hover notes that \"Printing was forbidden in the Middle East soon after its invention, and Islamic societies resisted the printing press for several centuries. The most powerful Muslim ruler of the time, the Turkish Sultan Byazid II, banned the possession of printed matter as early as 1485, and his decision was enforced in 1515 by Selim I. (J. Pedersen, The Arabic book. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1984). The earliest printing press located in the Arab world was established in North Lebanon in 1610 at the Maronite monastery of St. Anthony. … Abandoning manuscripts would be cultural treason, for copying is considered a kind of prayer. Every manuscript was a link in the chain of authority with the past, an assurance that one would not be drawn far from the source of truth. Printing would not only be a gesture of impiety, but rather an act of infidelity that strikes at the heart of Islamic civilization.\" (\"Islamic Book and Information Culture: An Overview.\" Webology 4.1 (2007)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["Arabic"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:50.510Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1657","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1657","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1657","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1657","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1657.xml","title_filing_ssi":"African Qur'an Manuscript and Shoulder Bag","title_ssm":["African Qur'an Manuscript"],"title_tesim":["African Qur'an Manuscript"],"unitdate_ssm":["after 1869"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["after 1869"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1869"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African Qur'an Manuscript, 1869"],"text":["African Qur'an Manuscript, 1869","MS 00093","/repositories/2/resources/1657","Muslims","Quran--Manuscripts, Arabic","Religion and culture","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Unbound manuscript of the Qur'an (after 1869) with a leather shoulder bag (undated). Consists of about 700 pages with each page containing about 12 lines of script. Written in Arabic with African decorations throughout. The number of \"ayahs\" in this volume is a variant from Eastern or Ottoman contemporary Qur'ans. All of the verses are separated by three small circles in the form of a pyramid and every tenth verse is separated by two concentric circles.","The manuscript is written Left to Right (LTR) and reads front to back.  The page numbers in pencil indicate correct reading order.\n   [The following information was compiled by William \u0026 Mary students Alex Wingate, James Sylvester and Professor George Greenia, spring semester 2017]","Nigerian Qur'an","The volume is comprised of a stack of loose sheets, still pristine for their age, never intended to be bound into a book block. The covers are stiff paste board without writing or decoration, the first (\"title\") sheet composed of two sheets pasted together for rigidity and strength. Loose sheets would allow for easy sharing among a group memorizing and chanting a given passage or sura, one of the 114 chapters of the standard Qur'an whose text was already stabilized within a few decades of the death of the Prophet. The format suggests that this Qur'an was prepared to travel, but in the end was preserved more as a private cultic object than put into service as a study or recitation text in a mosque or madrasa (school). There is little sign of normal reader's use or deterioration from travel despite its sturdy goat skin tote bag with decorative stitching and dyed panels and shoulder strap. The muted decoration is non-representational and leans toward the geometric in accordance with Islamic tradition.","The handmade paper was leaf cast in sheets probably four times the size of the current leaves and cut in quarters. The paper molds incorporated two wire watermarks straddling the eventual cut lines so that a portion of each design is visible on each leaf. The watermarks present a curious and decidedly Western intrusion for a sacred Qur'an which avoids imagery other than highly stylized floral or star motifs. The sheets were created extra thick which makes them durable as singlets if less accom­mo­dating to repeated folding or sewing into a normal book block. The writing support is dense and opaque, an advantage for bold script with a deep ink bite and destined for bold illuminations on both sides.","The first watermark, common among British papermakers, offers an image of a seated Britannia with a spear and a shield bearing a 'cross ordinary.' The second is the coat of arms of the Church Missionary Society Bookshop, a shield quartered with a star in the center. The first quarter (top left) has a dove, the second (top right) an open book, the third (bottom left) an elephant, and the fourth (bottom right) a palm tree. A scroll underneath the shield reads \"C.M.S. BOOKSHOP LAGOS.\" The Lagos bookshop was founded in 1869 so the paper which ended up in this Qur'an was made no earlier than that date. According to Terence Walz, the writing support might be better dated to 1900 or later: \"Paper made by Waterlow \u0026 Sons Limited, John Dent \u0026 Co., T.H. Saunders, and C.M.S. Bookshop (Lagos), all British firms, probably dates from the time of formal British occupation (1900) and after\" (in The Trans-Saharan Book Trade: Manuscript Culture, Arabic Literacy and Intellectual History in Muslim Africa [Eds. Graziano Kra?tli, Ghislaine Lydon. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2011], 102). The paper is made to British standards and the good quality black and red inks are as likely imported from England as not. There is perhaps a gentle irony in the fact that a Christian missionary enterprise supplied the writing supports for a foreign Muslim community to produce a Qur'an.","The scribal hand is uniform throughout, probably written with reeds, the traditional tool of Islamic scribes; by the turn of the twentieth century steel nib pens were becoming common and might have been used for the red vocalization marks. The Arabic alphabet does not include short vowels which are cued for readers through a corrector's second pass – a practice which guarantees the over­sight of two know­ledgeable scribes and therefore a more reliable and accurate text. The decorative touches are traditional designs conforming to Islamic delight in colorful geometric patterns as navigational aids meant to help a reader find his way through the suras.","Hand copying Qur'ans is a highly significant cultic practice among Muslims. Paul L. Hover notes that \"Printing was forbidden in the Middle East soon after its invention, and Islamic societies resisted the printing press for several centuries. The most powerful Muslim ruler of the time, the Turkish Sultan Byazid II, banned the possession of printed matter as early as 1485, and his decision was enforced in 1515 by Selim I. (J. Pedersen, The Arabic book. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1984). The earliest printing press located in the Arab world was established in North Lebanon in 1610 at the Maronite monastery of St. Anthony. … Abandoning manuscripts would be cultural treason, for copying is considered a kind of prayer. Every manuscript was a link in the chain of authority with the past, an assurance that one would not be drawn far from the source of truth. Printing would not only be a gesture of impiety, but rather an act of infidelity that strikes at the heart of Islamic civilization.\" (\"Islamic Book and Information Culture: An Overview.\" Webology 4.1 (2007).","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Arabic"],"collection_title_tesim":["African Qur'an Manuscript, 1869"],"collection_ssim":["African Qur'an Manuscript, 1869"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00093","/repositories/2/resources/1657"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00093","/repositories/2/resources/1657"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Muslims","Quran--Manuscripts, Arabic","Religion and culture"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Muslims","Quran--Manuscripts, Arabic","Religion and culture"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.00 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1869],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfrican Qur'an Manuscript, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["African Qur'an Manuscript, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnbound manuscript of the Qur'an (after 1869) with a leather shoulder bag (undated). Consists of about 700 pages with each page containing about 12 lines of script. Written in Arabic with African decorations throughout. The number of \"ayahs\" in this volume is a variant from Eastern or Ottoman contemporary Qur'ans. All of the verses are separated by three small circles in the form of a pyramid and every tenth verse is separated by two concentric circles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript is written Left to Right (LTR) and reads front to back.  The page numbers in pencil indicate correct reading order.\n  \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e[The following information was compiled by William \u0026amp; Mary students Alex Wingate, James Sylvester and Professor George Greenia, spring semester 2017]\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNigerian Qur'an\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe volume is comprised of a stack of loose sheets, still pristine for their age, never intended to be bound into a book block. The covers are stiff paste board without writing or decoration, the first (\"title\") sheet composed of two sheets pasted together for rigidity and strength. Loose sheets would allow for easy sharing among a group memorizing and chanting a given passage or \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003esura\u003c/emph\u003e, one of the 114 chapters of the standard Qur'an whose text was already stabilized within a few decades of the death of the Prophet. The format suggests that this Qur'an was prepared to travel, but in the end was preserved more as a private cultic object than put into service as a study or recitation text in a mosque or \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003emadrasa\u003c/emph\u003e (school). There is little sign of normal reader's use or deterioration from travel despite its sturdy goat skin tote bag with decorative stitching and dyed panels and shoulder strap. The muted decoration is non-representational and leans toward the geometric in accordance with Islamic tradition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe handmade paper was leaf cast in sheets probably four times the size of the current leaves and cut in quarters. The paper molds incorporated two wire watermarks straddling the eventual cut lines so that a portion of each design is visible on each leaf. The watermarks present a curious and decidedly Western intrusion for a sacred Qur'an which avoids imagery other than highly stylized floral or star motifs. The sheets were created extra thick which makes them durable as singlets if less accom­mo­dating to repeated folding or sewing into a normal book block. The writing support is dense and opaque, an advantage for bold script with a deep ink bite and destined for bold illuminations on both sides.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first watermark, common among British papermakers, offers an image of a seated Britannia with a spear and a shield bearing a 'cross ordinary.' The second is the coat of arms of the Church Missionary Society Bookshop, a shield quartered with a star in the center. The first quarter (top left) has a dove, the second (top right) an open book, the third (bottom left) an elephant, and the fourth (bottom right) a palm tree. A scroll underneath the shield reads \"C.M.S. BOOKSHOP LAGOS.\" The Lagos bookshop was founded in 1869 so the paper which ended up in this Qur'an was made no earlier than that date. According to Terence Walz, the writing support might be better dated to 1900 or later: \"Paper made by Waterlow \u0026amp; Sons Limited, John Dent \u0026amp; Co., T.H. Saunders, and C.M.S. Bookshop (Lagos), all British firms, probably dates from the time of formal British occupation (1900) and after\" (in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Trans-Saharan Book Trade: Manuscript Culture, Arabic Literacy and Intellectual History in Muslim Africa\u003c/emph\u003e [Eds. Graziano Kra?tli, Ghislaine Lydon. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2011], 102). The paper is made to British standards and the good quality black and red inks are as likely imported from England as not. There is perhaps a gentle irony in the fact that a Christian missionary enterprise supplied the writing supports for a foreign Muslim community to produce a Qur'an.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe scribal hand is uniform throughout, probably written with reeds, the traditional tool of Islamic scribes; by the turn of the twentieth century steel nib pens were becoming common and might have been used for the red vocalization marks. The Arabic alphabet does not include short vowels which are cued for readers through a corrector's second pass – a practice which guarantees the over­sight of two know­ledgeable scribes and therefore a more reliable and accurate text. The decorative touches are traditional designs conforming to Islamic delight in colorful geometric patterns as navigational aids meant to help a reader find his way through the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003esuras\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Hand copying Qur'ans is a highly significant cultic practice among Muslims. Paul L. Hover notes that \"Printing was forbidden in the Middle East soon after its invention, and Islamic societies resisted the printing press for several centuries. The most powerful Muslim ruler of the time, the Turkish Sultan Byazid II, banned the possession of printed matter as early as 1485, and his decision was enforced in 1515 by Selim I. (J. Pedersen, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Arabic book\u003c/emph\u003e. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1984). The earliest printing press located in the Arab world was established in North Lebanon in 1610 at the Maronite monastery of St. Anthony. … Abandoning manuscripts would be cultural treason, for copying is considered a kind of prayer. Every manuscript was a link in the chain of authority with the past, an assurance that one would not be drawn far from the source of truth. Printing would not only be a gesture of impiety, but rather an act of infidelity that strikes at the heart of Islamic civilization.\" (\"Islamic Book and Information Culture: An Overview.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWebology\u003c/emph\u003e 4.1 (2007). \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Unbound manuscript of the Qur'an (after 1869) with a leather shoulder bag (undated). Consists of about 700 pages with each page containing about 12 lines of script. Written in Arabic with African decorations throughout. The number of \"ayahs\" in this volume is a variant from Eastern or Ottoman contemporary Qur'ans. All of the verses are separated by three small circles in the form of a pyramid and every tenth verse is separated by two concentric circles.","The manuscript is written Left to Right (LTR) and reads front to back.  The page numbers in pencil indicate correct reading order.\n   [The following information was compiled by William \u0026 Mary students Alex Wingate, James Sylvester and Professor George Greenia, spring semester 2017]","Nigerian Qur'an","The volume is comprised of a stack of loose sheets, still pristine for their age, never intended to be bound into a book block. The covers are stiff paste board without writing or decoration, the first (\"title\") sheet composed of two sheets pasted together for rigidity and strength. Loose sheets would allow for easy sharing among a group memorizing and chanting a given passage or sura, one of the 114 chapters of the standard Qur'an whose text was already stabilized within a few decades of the death of the Prophet. The format suggests that this Qur'an was prepared to travel, but in the end was preserved more as a private cultic object than put into service as a study or recitation text in a mosque or madrasa (school). There is little sign of normal reader's use or deterioration from travel despite its sturdy goat skin tote bag with decorative stitching and dyed panels and shoulder strap. The muted decoration is non-representational and leans toward the geometric in accordance with Islamic tradition.","The handmade paper was leaf cast in sheets probably four times the size of the current leaves and cut in quarters. The paper molds incorporated two wire watermarks straddling the eventual cut lines so that a portion of each design is visible on each leaf. The watermarks present a curious and decidedly Western intrusion for a sacred Qur'an which avoids imagery other than highly stylized floral or star motifs. The sheets were created extra thick which makes them durable as singlets if less accom­mo­dating to repeated folding or sewing into a normal book block. The writing support is dense and opaque, an advantage for bold script with a deep ink bite and destined for bold illuminations on both sides.","The first watermark, common among British papermakers, offers an image of a seated Britannia with a spear and a shield bearing a 'cross ordinary.' The second is the coat of arms of the Church Missionary Society Bookshop, a shield quartered with a star in the center. The first quarter (top left) has a dove, the second (top right) an open book, the third (bottom left) an elephant, and the fourth (bottom right) a palm tree. A scroll underneath the shield reads \"C.M.S. BOOKSHOP LAGOS.\" The Lagos bookshop was founded in 1869 so the paper which ended up in this Qur'an was made no earlier than that date. According to Terence Walz, the writing support might be better dated to 1900 or later: \"Paper made by Waterlow \u0026 Sons Limited, John Dent \u0026 Co., T.H. Saunders, and C.M.S. Bookshop (Lagos), all British firms, probably dates from the time of formal British occupation (1900) and after\" (in The Trans-Saharan Book Trade: Manuscript Culture, Arabic Literacy and Intellectual History in Muslim Africa [Eds. Graziano Kra?tli, Ghislaine Lydon. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2011], 102). The paper is made to British standards and the good quality black and red inks are as likely imported from England as not. There is perhaps a gentle irony in the fact that a Christian missionary enterprise supplied the writing supports for a foreign Muslim community to produce a Qur'an.","The scribal hand is uniform throughout, probably written with reeds, the traditional tool of Islamic scribes; by the turn of the twentieth century steel nib pens were becoming common and might have been used for the red vocalization marks. The Arabic alphabet does not include short vowels which are cued for readers through a corrector's second pass – a practice which guarantees the over­sight of two know­ledgeable scribes and therefore a more reliable and accurate text. The decorative touches are traditional designs conforming to Islamic delight in colorful geometric patterns as navigational aids meant to help a reader find his way through the suras.","Hand copying Qur'ans is a highly significant cultic practice among Muslims. Paul L. Hover notes that \"Printing was forbidden in the Middle East soon after its invention, and Islamic societies resisted the printing press for several centuries. The most powerful Muslim ruler of the time, the Turkish Sultan Byazid II, banned the possession of printed matter as early as 1485, and his decision was enforced in 1515 by Selim I. (J. Pedersen, The Arabic book. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1984). The earliest printing press located in the Arab world was established in North Lebanon in 1610 at the Maronite monastery of St. Anthony. … Abandoning manuscripts would be cultural treason, for copying is considered a kind of prayer. Every manuscript was a link in the chain of authority with the past, an assurance that one would not be drawn far from the source of truth. Printing would not only be a gesture of impiety, but rather an act of infidelity that strikes at the heart of Islamic civilization.\" (\"Islamic Book and Information Culture: An Overview.\" Webology 4.1 (2007)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["Arabic"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:50.510Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1657"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9773","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"\"A Portrait of Her\" photographs, 2023","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9773#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eA series of 32 black and white self-portraits and nature photography by Prasanna Patel taken in 2023 to create a portrait of the artist's great-grandmother.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9773#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9773","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9773","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9773","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9773","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9773.xml","title_filing_ssi":"\"A Portrait of Her\" photographs","title_ssm":["\"A Portrait of Her\" photographs"],"title_tesim":["\"A Portrait of Her\" photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["2023 September 20"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2023 September 20"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"A Portrait of Her\" photographs, 2023"],"text":["\"A Portrait of Her\" photographs, 2023","SC 01863","/repositories/2/resources/9773","Religion and culture","Art","Photographs","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The photographs are aragnged by file.","Prasanna Pratel 2024' is a graduate of William \u0026 Mary, with a major in Religious Studies and minor in Art and Art History. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe photographs are aragnged by file.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The photographs are aragnged by file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrasanna Pratel 2024' is a graduate of William \u0026amp; Mary, with a major in Religious Studies and minor in Art and Art History. Her work explores femininity, identity, her family history, and cultural upbringing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Prasanna Pratel 2024' is a graduate of William \u0026 Mary, with a major in Religious Studies and minor in Art and Art History. Her work explores femininity, identity, her family history, and cultural upbringing."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA Portrait of Her photographs, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libaries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["A Portrait of Her photographs, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libaries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA series of 32 black and white self-portraits and nature photography by Prasanna Patel taken in 2023 to create a portrait of the artist's great-grandmother.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A series of 32 black and white self-portraits and nature photography by Prasanna Patel taken in 2023 to create a portrait of the artist's great-grandmother."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:50:34.320Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9773","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9773","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9773","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9773","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9773.xml","title_filing_ssi":"\"A Portrait of Her\" photographs","title_ssm":["\"A Portrait of Her\" photographs"],"title_tesim":["\"A Portrait of Her\" photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["2023 September 20"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2023 September 20"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"A Portrait of Her\" photographs, 2023"],"text":["\"A Portrait of Her\" photographs, 2023","SC 01863","/repositories/2/resources/9773","Religion and culture","Art","Photographs","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The photographs are aragnged by file.","Prasanna Pratel 2024' is a graduate of William \u0026 Mary, with a major in Religious Studies and minor in Art and Art History. Her work explores femininity, identity, her family history, and cultural upbringing.","A series of 32 black and white self-portraits and nature photography by Prasanna Patel taken in 2023 to create a portrait of the artist's great-grandmother.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["\"A Portrait of Her\" photographs, 2023"],"collection_ssim":["\"A Portrait of Her\" photographs, 2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01863","/repositories/2/resources/9773"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01863","/repositories/2/resources/9773"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["A \"Portait of Her photographs\" were donated by Prasanna Patel"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Religion and culture","Art","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Religion and culture","Art","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Linear Feet 1 legal size folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Linear Feet 1 legal size folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe photographs are aragnged by file.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The photographs are aragnged by file."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrasanna Pratel 2024' is a graduate of William \u0026amp; Mary, with a major in Religious Studies and minor in Art and Art History. Her work explores femininity, identity, her family history, and cultural upbringing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Prasanna Pratel 2024' is a graduate of William \u0026 Mary, with a major in Religious Studies and minor in Art and Art History. Her work explores femininity, identity, her family history, and cultural upbringing."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA Portrait of Her photographs, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libaries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["A Portrait of Her photographs, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libaries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA series of 32 black and white self-portraits and nature photography by Prasanna Patel taken in 2023 to create a portrait of the artist's great-grandmother.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A series of 32 black and white self-portraits and nature photography by Prasanna Patel taken in 2023 to create a portrait of the artist's great-grandmother."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:50:34.320Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9773"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3837","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Edward Lynch Papers, 1943/1947","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3837#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lynch, Edward, 1923-2001","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3837#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes letters, photographs, greeting cards, printed religious ephemera, artifacts, and other material pertaining to Edward Lynch of Bayonne, New Jersey while serving in Europe during World War II. The letters were written to him by family and friends. Other correspondence from Lynch's brothers, Joseph and Michael, to their parents, Elizabeth and Michael. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3837#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3837","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3837","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3837","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3837","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_3837.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Edward Lynch Papers","title_ssm":["Edward Lynch Papers"],"title_tesim":["Edward Lynch Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-1947"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-1947"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943/1947"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward Lynch Papers, 1943/1947"],"text":["Edward Lynch Papers, 1943/1947","MS 00029","/repositories/2/resources/3837","World War, 1939-1945","Religion and culture","Catholics","Episcopal Church--Clergy","Edward F. Lynch was born on January 1, 1923, in Bayonne, New Jersey. In 1940, according to that year's federal census, he was living with his parents (Michael and Elizabeth, both Irish immigrants), his sisters (Elizabeth, Catherine and Margaret), and a brother (Michael). When he was 20 years old, he enlisted in the U.S. Army during World War II. Edward died on March 20, 2001. According to a published death notice, he worked as a laboratory supervisor for Exxon Corporation in Bayonne, New Jersey, for 45 years.","These papers mainly consist of correspondence sent to him by family and friends, most dating from 1943 to 1945. Also preserved are letters sent to other members of the Lynch family, notably to his mother Elizabeth in the late 1940s and early 1950s.","This collection includes letters, photographs, greeting cards, printed religious ephemera, artifacts, and other material pertaining to Edward Lynch of Bayonne, New Jersey while serving in Europe during World War II. The letters were written to him by family and friends. Other correspondence from Lynch's brothers, Joseph and Michael, to their parents, Elizabeth and Michael.","Some of the artifacts include parts of Edward's uniform, a military issued razor and mirror, and pieces of two Japanese planes that belonged to Edward's brother Joseph while serving as a chaplain in the U.S. Navy in the Pacific.","Series contains correspondence to Edward from June 1943 to February 1948. Typically, their content includes news of family, friends and his hometown, and convey - especially in the case of family members - their love and concern for him during his wartime service. Included with some of the letters or cards are newspaper clippings with  information about what was happening in New Jersey. In few instances, writers sent news of the family's parish by enclosing a copy of its printed newsletter. Others sent him religious medals and, on one occasion, a printed card from two of his sisters saying they had attended the October 1943 \"Patriotic Religious Service\" held at New York's Polo Grounds, led by Archbishop Spellman. It appears that Edward's parents were Roman Catholics who reared their children to be Roman Catholics. An older brother, Joseph Lynch, was apparently a Roman Catholic priest who served as a chaplain during World War II.","Correspondence is arranged chronologically.","12/8/43, Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord CA (includes photographs)\nSending pictures taken when he was home, says to make sure he clarifies when showing them to friends that she's his sister [as he's holding her in a picture], sends address of a friend serving in North Africa [Thomas Hurley]--address is Postmaster NY, couldn't find knife he wants for Christmas so going to hold off until they can hear from him exactly the kind he wants, signs off to go to church to pray for peace on Feast of Immaculate Conception\n-seemingly 2 of the 8 pictures are from a different set/possibly not associated with this letter--picture Ed at camp rather than at home \u0026 slightly different size/material from other pictures\n12/21/43, Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord CA\nMentions he's been doing a lot of dancing with the USO, describes office Christmas party \u0026 getting Christmas bonuses, boss gave her an orchid, got a tree even though they're scarce/expensive, includes 2 Santa stickers","2/10/44, Peg NY, Ed CA\nValentine's card, joke about love message on a party phone line.","3/21/44, Peggy NJ, Ed Camp Roberts CA\nSnow in NJ makes it feel like Christmas rather than almost Easter, mother woke children up singing Happy Birthday to one so she sees no need in setting an alarm for the next birthday, sending him the knife he wanted but won't send a bill--says it's an Easter gift, got in early in the morning after a house party with 16 girls.","4/5/44, Peggy NJ, Ed Camp Roberts CA\nLetter within homemade Easter card with bunny/chick pictures cut out from newspaper or another card, weather makes it look more like Christmas, brother chosen to sing at Cathedral in Newark--he's coming home while he's in the area but she won't see him because she has to work, gossip about people they know on furlough or getting married, thanks him for sending pictures, sending nuts (\"from a nut\") because they're not making bunnies/eggs/jelly beans this year","Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord, CA\nSent him a knife he's been using to skin snakes--she wants a snakeskin bag out of it, looked through pictures he sent for \"eligible\" men but discouraged by mother--wants their histories next time, saw a kid's operetta \u0026 laughed at the boys dancing \"as graceful as elephants\", friend on furlough told a nun he was instructing \u0026 she said \"well I'll be damned\" (surprised him \u0026 herself), relates story of risking her life riding in the car with a friend who had no license, mentions it feels like every letter she has another wedding to tell him about","3/2/45, Peg NJ, Ed Postmaster NY\nSt. Patrick's Day card (cartoon chick dressed as leprechaun with 3D feather tail).\n3/3/45, Peg NJ, Ed Postmaster NY (VMail)\nMentions he fixed up a bike with a friend \u0026 it will come in handy, mentions sending photos, mentions working in an office \u0026 social life with other office girls.","Includes correspondence from Standard Oil to Edward Lynch regarding his employment and benefits while in military service.","Series contains correspondence from Edward's brother Michael to their mother Elizabeth. They date from January 12, 1948 to June 16, 1952. They disclose an estrangement with his family (which Michael called a \"family feud\") over his decision to become a priest in the Anglican (Episcopal) Church. Set against the backdrop of increasing tension between the Soviet Union and the West, Michael explains his decision and offers his views on communist dictatorships, the waywardness of the \"Roman Church,\" and why the Anglican (Episcopal) tradition is a purer form of the original Christian church.","Correspondence arranged chronologically.","Correspondence from Edward's brother Joseph, one addressed to his mother and the other to his father. They are dated 1926-1946.","Correspondence arranged chronologically.","Series contains carbon copy prayer, photographs, picture postcards, maps, pamphlets (government and religious), language dictionaries, military dress, and wartime \"souvenirs.\"","Carbon copy of a typed tract, \"Prayers For A Stray Shepherd,\" attributed to E. Boyd Barrett.","5 English-French language dictionaries and phrase books; 1 brochure on \"The Quick Way to a Better Vocabulary\"","Ship newsletter for the U.S.S. Harry Taylor; notes on first aid procedures for chemical warfare agents; property issue slip; and typed prayer list.","Prayer cards; soldier passes; handbooks; soap papers","Guides to the armed forces, songbooks, collectible photo album, \"If you should be captured, these are your rights\" pamphlet","Pamphlets on moral behaviors, published by National Catholic Community Service, Catholic Action, and the Saint Anthony Guild","Includes family photos at Christmas, soldiers, some dates are on backs of the photos","Some postcards blank, other addressed either to or from Edward Lynch","Road maps for Washington, D.C.; San Francisco and Los Angeles, California; the Western United States; and the World War II Pacific Theater.","Military clothing: 4 khaki neckties, 4 caps, 1 pair of socks, 1 green drawstring bag from the American Red Cross, 1 canvas snap belt bag.","2 metal fragments from a Japanese Mitsubishi bomber and a Japanese Zero fighter (fragments are labeled); belt buckle; mirror; small green metal tin (labeled \"Moore Push-Thumbtacks\") containing 2 cross pins and 1 service ribbon; safety razor from Gillette Safety Razor Company.","20 embroidered military patches of stripes and badges","3 slide rulers in black cardboard boxes, with Japanese script along the outside.","Special Collections Research Center","Lynch, Edward, 1923-2001"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward Lynch Papers, 1943/1947"],"collection_ssim":["Edward Lynch Papers, 1943/1947"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00029","/repositories/2/resources/3837"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00029","/repositories/2/resources/3837"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Lynch, Edward, 1923-2001"],"creator_ssim":["Lynch, Edward, 1923-2001"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lynch, Edward, 1923-2001"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Lynch, Edward, 1923-2001","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","Religion and culture","Catholics","Episcopal Church--Clergy"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","Religion and culture","Catholics","Episcopal Church--Clergy"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.50 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward F. Lynch was born on January 1, 1923, in Bayonne, New Jersey. In 1940, according to that year's federal census, he was living with his parents (Michael and Elizabeth, both Irish immigrants), his sisters (Elizabeth, Catherine and Margaret), and a brother (Michael). When he was 20 years old, he enlisted in the U.S. Army during World War II. Edward died on March 20, 2001. According to a published death notice, he worked as a laboratory supervisor for Exxon Corporation in Bayonne, New Jersey, for 45 years. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese papers mainly consist of correspondence sent to him by family and friends, most dating from 1943 to 1945. Also preserved are letters sent to other members of the Lynch family, notably to his mother Elizabeth in the late 1940s and early 1950s. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward F. Lynch was born on January 1, 1923, in Bayonne, New Jersey. In 1940, according to that year's federal census, he was living with his parents (Michael and Elizabeth, both Irish immigrants), his sisters (Elizabeth, Catherine and Margaret), and a brother (Michael). When he was 20 years old, he enlisted in the U.S. Army during World War II. Edward died on March 20, 2001. According to a published death notice, he worked as a laboratory supervisor for Exxon Corporation in Bayonne, New Jersey, for 45 years.","These papers mainly consist of correspondence sent to him by family and friends, most dating from 1943 to 1945. Also preserved are letters sent to other members of the Lynch family, notably to his mother Elizabeth in the late 1940s and early 1950s."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes letters, photographs, greeting cards, printed religious ephemera, artifacts, and other material pertaining to Edward Lynch of Bayonne, New Jersey while serving in Europe during World War II. The letters were written to him by family and friends. Other correspondence from Lynch's brothers, Joseph and Michael, to their parents, Elizabeth and Michael. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome of the artifacts include parts of Edward's uniform, a military issued razor and mirror, and pieces of two Japanese planes that belonged to Edward's brother Joseph while serving as a chaplain in the U.S. Navy in the Pacific.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries contains correspondence to Edward from June 1943 to February 1948. Typically, their content includes news of family, friends and his hometown, and convey - especially in the case of family members - their love and concern for him during his wartime service. Included with some of the letters or cards are newspaper clippings with  information about what was happening in New Jersey. In few instances, writers sent news of the family's parish by enclosing a copy of its printed newsletter. Others sent him religious medals and, on one occasion, a printed card from two of his sisters saying they had attended the October 1943 \"Patriotic Religious Service\" held at New York's Polo Grounds, led by Archbishop Spellman. It appears that Edward's parents were Roman Catholics who reared their children to be Roman Catholics. An older brother, Joseph Lynch, was apparently a Roman Catholic priest who served as a chaplain during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence is arranged chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12/8/43, Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord CA (includes photographs)\nSending pictures taken when he was home, says to make sure he clarifies when showing them to friends that she's his sister [as he's holding her in a picture], sends address of a friend serving in North Africa [Thomas Hurley]--address is Postmaster NY, couldn't find knife he wants for Christmas so going to hold off until they can hear from him exactly the kind he wants, signs off to go to church to pray for peace on Feast of Immaculate Conception\n-seemingly 2 of the 8 pictures are from a different set/possibly not associated with this letter--picture Ed at camp rather than at home \u0026amp; slightly different size/material from other pictures\n12/21/43, Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord CA\nMentions he's been doing a lot of dancing with the USO, describes office Christmas party \u0026amp; getting Christmas bonuses, boss gave her an orchid, got a tree even though they're scarce/expensive, includes 2 Santa stickers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2/10/44, Peg NY, Ed CA\nValentine's card, joke about love message on a party phone line.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3/21/44, Peggy NJ, Ed Camp Roberts CA\nSnow in NJ makes it feel like Christmas rather than almost Easter, mother woke children up singing Happy Birthday to one so she sees no need in setting an alarm for the next birthday, sending him the knife he wanted but won't send a bill--says it's an Easter gift, got in early in the morning after a house party with 16 girls.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4/5/44, Peggy NJ, Ed Camp Roberts CA\nLetter within homemade Easter card with bunny/chick pictures cut out from newspaper or another card, weather makes it look more like Christmas, brother chosen to sing at Cathedral in Newark--he's coming home while he's in the area but she won't see him because she has to work, gossip about people they know on furlough or getting married, thanks him for sending pictures, sending nuts (\"from a nut\") because they're not making bunnies/eggs/jelly beans this year\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePeg NJ, Ed Fort Ord, CA\nSent him a knife he's been using to skin snakes--she wants a snakeskin bag out of it, looked through pictures he sent for \"eligible\" men but discouraged by mother--wants their histories next time, saw a kid's operetta \u0026amp; laughed at the boys dancing \"as graceful as elephants\", friend on furlough told a nun he was instructing \u0026amp; she said \"well I'll be damned\" (surprised him \u0026amp; herself), relates story of risking her life riding in the car with a friend who had no license, mentions it feels like every letter she has another wedding to tell him about\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3/2/45, Peg NJ, Ed Postmaster NY\nSt. Patrick's Day card (cartoon chick dressed as leprechaun with 3D feather tail).\n3/3/45, Peg NJ, Ed Postmaster NY (VMail)\nMentions he fixed up a bike with a friend \u0026amp; it will come in handy, mentions sending photos, mentions working in an office \u0026amp; social life with other office girls.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence from Standard Oil to Edward Lynch regarding his employment and benefits while in military service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries contains correspondence from Edward's brother Michael to their mother Elizabeth. They date from January 12, 1948 to June 16, 1952. They disclose an estrangement with his family (which Michael called a \"family feud\") over his decision to become a priest in the Anglican (Episcopal) Church. Set against the backdrop of increasing tension between the Soviet Union and the West, Michael explains his decision and offers his views on communist dictatorships, the waywardness of the \"Roman Church,\" and why the Anglican (Episcopal) tradition is a purer form of the original Christian church. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence arranged chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from Edward's brother Joseph, one addressed to his mother and the other to his father. They are dated 1926-1946. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence arranged chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries contains carbon copy prayer, photographs, picture postcards, maps, pamphlets (government and religious), language dictionaries, military dress, and wartime \"souvenirs.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarbon copy of a typed tract, \"Prayers For A Stray Shepherd,\" attributed to E. Boyd Barrett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 English-French language dictionaries and phrase books; 1 brochure on \"The Quick Way to a Better Vocabulary\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShip newsletter for the U.S.S. Harry Taylor; notes on first aid procedures for chemical warfare agents; property issue slip; and typed prayer list.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrayer cards; soldier passes; handbooks; soap papers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGuides to the armed forces, songbooks, collectible photo album, \"If you should be captured, these are your rights\" pamphlet\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePamphlets on moral behaviors, published by National Catholic Community Service, Catholic Action, and the Saint Anthony Guild\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes family photos at Christmas, soldiers, some dates are on backs of the photos\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome postcards blank, other addressed either to or from Edward Lynch\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoad maps for Washington, D.C.; San Francisco and Los Angeles, California; the Western United States; and the World War II Pacific Theater.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMilitary clothing: 4 khaki neckties, 4 caps, 1 pair of socks, 1 green drawstring bag from the American Red Cross, 1 canvas snap belt bag.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 metal fragments from a Japanese Mitsubishi bomber and a Japanese Zero fighter (fragments are labeled); belt buckle; mirror; small green metal tin (labeled \"Moore Push-Thumbtacks\") containing 2 cross pins and 1 service ribbon; safety razor from Gillette Safety Razor Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e20 embroidered military patches of stripes and badges\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 slide rulers in black cardboard boxes, with Japanese script along the outside.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes letters, photographs, greeting cards, printed religious ephemera, artifacts, and other material pertaining to Edward Lynch of Bayonne, New Jersey while serving in Europe during World War II. The letters were written to him by family and friends. Other correspondence from Lynch's brothers, Joseph and Michael, to their parents, Elizabeth and Michael.","Some of the artifacts include parts of Edward's uniform, a military issued razor and mirror, and pieces of two Japanese planes that belonged to Edward's brother Joseph while serving as a chaplain in the U.S. Navy in the Pacific.","Series contains correspondence to Edward from June 1943 to February 1948. Typically, their content includes news of family, friends and his hometown, and convey - especially in the case of family members - their love and concern for him during his wartime service. Included with some of the letters or cards are newspaper clippings with  information about what was happening in New Jersey. In few instances, writers sent news of the family's parish by enclosing a copy of its printed newsletter. Others sent him religious medals and, on one occasion, a printed card from two of his sisters saying they had attended the October 1943 \"Patriotic Religious Service\" held at New York's Polo Grounds, led by Archbishop Spellman. It appears that Edward's parents were Roman Catholics who reared their children to be Roman Catholics. An older brother, Joseph Lynch, was apparently a Roman Catholic priest who served as a chaplain during World War II.","Correspondence is arranged chronologically.","12/8/43, Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord CA (includes photographs)\nSending pictures taken when he was home, says to make sure he clarifies when showing them to friends that she's his sister [as he's holding her in a picture], sends address of a friend serving in North Africa [Thomas Hurley]--address is Postmaster NY, couldn't find knife he wants for Christmas so going to hold off until they can hear from him exactly the kind he wants, signs off to go to church to pray for peace on Feast of Immaculate Conception\n-seemingly 2 of the 8 pictures are from a different set/possibly not associated with this letter--picture Ed at camp rather than at home \u0026 slightly different size/material from other pictures\n12/21/43, Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord CA\nMentions he's been doing a lot of dancing with the USO, describes office Christmas party \u0026 getting Christmas bonuses, boss gave her an orchid, got a tree even though they're scarce/expensive, includes 2 Santa stickers","2/10/44, Peg NY, Ed CA\nValentine's card, joke about love message on a party phone line.","3/21/44, Peggy NJ, Ed Camp Roberts CA\nSnow in NJ makes it feel like Christmas rather than almost Easter, mother woke children up singing Happy Birthday to one so she sees no need in setting an alarm for the next birthday, sending him the knife he wanted but won't send a bill--says it's an Easter gift, got in early in the morning after a house party with 16 girls.","4/5/44, Peggy NJ, Ed Camp Roberts CA\nLetter within homemade Easter card with bunny/chick pictures cut out from newspaper or another card, weather makes it look more like Christmas, brother chosen to sing at Cathedral in Newark--he's coming home while he's in the area but she won't see him because she has to work, gossip about people they know on furlough or getting married, thanks him for sending pictures, sending nuts (\"from a nut\") because they're not making bunnies/eggs/jelly beans this year","Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord, CA\nSent him a knife he's been using to skin snakes--she wants a snakeskin bag out of it, looked through pictures he sent for \"eligible\" men but discouraged by mother--wants their histories next time, saw a kid's operetta \u0026 laughed at the boys dancing \"as graceful as elephants\", friend on furlough told a nun he was instructing \u0026 she said \"well I'll be damned\" (surprised him \u0026 herself), relates story of risking her life riding in the car with a friend who had no license, mentions it feels like every letter she has another wedding to tell him about","3/2/45, Peg NJ, Ed Postmaster NY\nSt. Patrick's Day card (cartoon chick dressed as leprechaun with 3D feather tail).\n3/3/45, Peg NJ, Ed Postmaster NY (VMail)\nMentions he fixed up a bike with a friend \u0026 it will come in handy, mentions sending photos, mentions working in an office \u0026 social life with other office girls.","Includes correspondence from Standard Oil to Edward Lynch regarding his employment and benefits while in military service.","Series contains correspondence from Edward's brother Michael to their mother Elizabeth. They date from January 12, 1948 to June 16, 1952. They disclose an estrangement with his family (which Michael called a \"family feud\") over his decision to become a priest in the Anglican (Episcopal) Church. Set against the backdrop of increasing tension between the Soviet Union and the West, Michael explains his decision and offers his views on communist dictatorships, the waywardness of the \"Roman Church,\" and why the Anglican (Episcopal) tradition is a purer form of the original Christian church.","Correspondence arranged chronologically.","Correspondence from Edward's brother Joseph, one addressed to his mother and the other to his father. They are dated 1926-1946.","Correspondence arranged chronologically.","Series contains carbon copy prayer, photographs, picture postcards, maps, pamphlets (government and religious), language dictionaries, military dress, and wartime \"souvenirs.\"","Carbon copy of a typed tract, \"Prayers For A Stray Shepherd,\" attributed to E. Boyd Barrett.","5 English-French language dictionaries and phrase books; 1 brochure on \"The Quick Way to a Better Vocabulary\"","Ship newsletter for the U.S.S. Harry Taylor; notes on first aid procedures for chemical warfare agents; property issue slip; and typed prayer list.","Prayer cards; soldier passes; handbooks; soap papers","Guides to the armed forces, songbooks, collectible photo album, \"If you should be captured, these are your rights\" pamphlet","Pamphlets on moral behaviors, published by National Catholic Community Service, Catholic Action, and the Saint Anthony Guild","Includes family photos at Christmas, soldiers, some dates are on backs of the photos","Some postcards blank, other addressed either to or from Edward Lynch","Road maps for Washington, D.C.; San Francisco and Los Angeles, California; the Western United States; and the World War II Pacific Theater.","Military clothing: 4 khaki neckties, 4 caps, 1 pair of socks, 1 green drawstring bag from the American Red Cross, 1 canvas snap belt bag.","2 metal fragments from a Japanese Mitsubishi bomber and a Japanese Zero fighter (fragments are labeled); belt buckle; mirror; small green metal tin (labeled \"Moore Push-Thumbtacks\") containing 2 cross pins and 1 service ribbon; safety razor from Gillette Safety Razor Company.","20 embroidered military patches of stripes and badges","3 slide rulers in black cardboard boxes, with Japanese script along the outside."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Lynch, Edward, 1923-2001"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Lynch, Edward, 1923-2001"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":59,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:43:51.432Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3837","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3837","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3837","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3837","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_3837.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Edward Lynch Papers","title_ssm":["Edward Lynch Papers"],"title_tesim":["Edward Lynch Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-1947"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-1947"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943/1947"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward Lynch Papers, 1943/1947"],"text":["Edward Lynch Papers, 1943/1947","MS 00029","/repositories/2/resources/3837","World War, 1939-1945","Religion and culture","Catholics","Episcopal Church--Clergy","Edward F. Lynch was born on January 1, 1923, in Bayonne, New Jersey. In 1940, according to that year's federal census, he was living with his parents (Michael and Elizabeth, both Irish immigrants), his sisters (Elizabeth, Catherine and Margaret), and a brother (Michael). When he was 20 years old, he enlisted in the U.S. Army during World War II. Edward died on March 20, 2001. According to a published death notice, he worked as a laboratory supervisor for Exxon Corporation in Bayonne, New Jersey, for 45 years.","These papers mainly consist of correspondence sent to him by family and friends, most dating from 1943 to 1945. Also preserved are letters sent to other members of the Lynch family, notably to his mother Elizabeth in the late 1940s and early 1950s.","This collection includes letters, photographs, greeting cards, printed religious ephemera, artifacts, and other material pertaining to Edward Lynch of Bayonne, New Jersey while serving in Europe during World War II. The letters were written to him by family and friends. Other correspondence from Lynch's brothers, Joseph and Michael, to their parents, Elizabeth and Michael.","Some of the artifacts include parts of Edward's uniform, a military issued razor and mirror, and pieces of two Japanese planes that belonged to Edward's brother Joseph while serving as a chaplain in the U.S. Navy in the Pacific.","Series contains correspondence to Edward from June 1943 to February 1948. Typically, their content includes news of family, friends and his hometown, and convey - especially in the case of family members - their love and concern for him during his wartime service. Included with some of the letters or cards are newspaper clippings with  information about what was happening in New Jersey. In few instances, writers sent news of the family's parish by enclosing a copy of its printed newsletter. Others sent him religious medals and, on one occasion, a printed card from two of his sisters saying they had attended the October 1943 \"Patriotic Religious Service\" held at New York's Polo Grounds, led by Archbishop Spellman. It appears that Edward's parents were Roman Catholics who reared their children to be Roman Catholics. An older brother, Joseph Lynch, was apparently a Roman Catholic priest who served as a chaplain during World War II.","Correspondence is arranged chronologically.","12/8/43, Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord CA (includes photographs)\nSending pictures taken when he was home, says to make sure he clarifies when showing them to friends that she's his sister [as he's holding her in a picture], sends address of a friend serving in North Africa [Thomas Hurley]--address is Postmaster NY, couldn't find knife he wants for Christmas so going to hold off until they can hear from him exactly the kind he wants, signs off to go to church to pray for peace on Feast of Immaculate Conception\n-seemingly 2 of the 8 pictures are from a different set/possibly not associated with this letter--picture Ed at camp rather than at home \u0026 slightly different size/material from other pictures\n12/21/43, Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord CA\nMentions he's been doing a lot of dancing with the USO, describes office Christmas party \u0026 getting Christmas bonuses, boss gave her an orchid, got a tree even though they're scarce/expensive, includes 2 Santa stickers","2/10/44, Peg NY, Ed CA\nValentine's card, joke about love message on a party phone line.","3/21/44, Peggy NJ, Ed Camp Roberts CA\nSnow in NJ makes it feel like Christmas rather than almost Easter, mother woke children up singing Happy Birthday to one so she sees no need in setting an alarm for the next birthday, sending him the knife he wanted but won't send a bill--says it's an Easter gift, got in early in the morning after a house party with 16 girls.","4/5/44, Peggy NJ, Ed Camp Roberts CA\nLetter within homemade Easter card with bunny/chick pictures cut out from newspaper or another card, weather makes it look more like Christmas, brother chosen to sing at Cathedral in Newark--he's coming home while he's in the area but she won't see him because she has to work, gossip about people they know on furlough or getting married, thanks him for sending pictures, sending nuts (\"from a nut\") because they're not making bunnies/eggs/jelly beans this year","Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord, CA\nSent him a knife he's been using to skin snakes--she wants a snakeskin bag out of it, looked through pictures he sent for \"eligible\" men but discouraged by mother--wants their histories next time, saw a kid's operetta \u0026 laughed at the boys dancing \"as graceful as elephants\", friend on furlough told a nun he was instructing \u0026 she said \"well I'll be damned\" (surprised him \u0026 herself), relates story of risking her life riding in the car with a friend who had no license, mentions it feels like every letter she has another wedding to tell him about","3/2/45, Peg NJ, Ed Postmaster NY\nSt. Patrick's Day card (cartoon chick dressed as leprechaun with 3D feather tail).\n3/3/45, Peg NJ, Ed Postmaster NY (VMail)\nMentions he fixed up a bike with a friend \u0026 it will come in handy, mentions sending photos, mentions working in an office \u0026 social life with other office girls.","Includes correspondence from Standard Oil to Edward Lynch regarding his employment and benefits while in military service.","Series contains correspondence from Edward's brother Michael to their mother Elizabeth. They date from January 12, 1948 to June 16, 1952. They disclose an estrangement with his family (which Michael called a \"family feud\") over his decision to become a priest in the Anglican (Episcopal) Church. Set against the backdrop of increasing tension between the Soviet Union and the West, Michael explains his decision and offers his views on communist dictatorships, the waywardness of the \"Roman Church,\" and why the Anglican (Episcopal) tradition is a purer form of the original Christian church.","Correspondence arranged chronologically.","Correspondence from Edward's brother Joseph, one addressed to his mother and the other to his father. They are dated 1926-1946.","Correspondence arranged chronologically.","Series contains carbon copy prayer, photographs, picture postcards, maps, pamphlets (government and religious), language dictionaries, military dress, and wartime \"souvenirs.\"","Carbon copy of a typed tract, \"Prayers For A Stray Shepherd,\" attributed to E. Boyd Barrett.","5 English-French language dictionaries and phrase books; 1 brochure on \"The Quick Way to a Better Vocabulary\"","Ship newsletter for the U.S.S. Harry Taylor; notes on first aid procedures for chemical warfare agents; property issue slip; and typed prayer list.","Prayer cards; soldier passes; handbooks; soap papers","Guides to the armed forces, songbooks, collectible photo album, \"If you should be captured, these are your rights\" pamphlet","Pamphlets on moral behaviors, published by National Catholic Community Service, Catholic Action, and the Saint Anthony Guild","Includes family photos at Christmas, soldiers, some dates are on backs of the photos","Some postcards blank, other addressed either to or from Edward Lynch","Road maps for Washington, D.C.; San Francisco and Los Angeles, California; the Western United States; and the World War II Pacific Theater.","Military clothing: 4 khaki neckties, 4 caps, 1 pair of socks, 1 green drawstring bag from the American Red Cross, 1 canvas snap belt bag.","2 metal fragments from a Japanese Mitsubishi bomber and a Japanese Zero fighter (fragments are labeled); belt buckle; mirror; small green metal tin (labeled \"Moore Push-Thumbtacks\") containing 2 cross pins and 1 service ribbon; safety razor from Gillette Safety Razor Company.","20 embroidered military patches of stripes and badges","3 slide rulers in black cardboard boxes, with Japanese script along the outside.","Special Collections Research Center","Lynch, Edward, 1923-2001"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward Lynch Papers, 1943/1947"],"collection_ssim":["Edward Lynch Papers, 1943/1947"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00029","/repositories/2/resources/3837"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00029","/repositories/2/resources/3837"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Lynch, Edward, 1923-2001"],"creator_ssim":["Lynch, Edward, 1923-2001"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lynch, Edward, 1923-2001"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Lynch, Edward, 1923-2001","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","Religion and culture","Catholics","Episcopal Church--Clergy"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","Religion and culture","Catholics","Episcopal Church--Clergy"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.50 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward F. Lynch was born on January 1, 1923, in Bayonne, New Jersey. In 1940, according to that year's federal census, he was living with his parents (Michael and Elizabeth, both Irish immigrants), his sisters (Elizabeth, Catherine and Margaret), and a brother (Michael). When he was 20 years old, he enlisted in the U.S. Army during World War II. Edward died on March 20, 2001. According to a published death notice, he worked as a laboratory supervisor for Exxon Corporation in Bayonne, New Jersey, for 45 years. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese papers mainly consist of correspondence sent to him by family and friends, most dating from 1943 to 1945. Also preserved are letters sent to other members of the Lynch family, notably to his mother Elizabeth in the late 1940s and early 1950s. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward F. Lynch was born on January 1, 1923, in Bayonne, New Jersey. In 1940, according to that year's federal census, he was living with his parents (Michael and Elizabeth, both Irish immigrants), his sisters (Elizabeth, Catherine and Margaret), and a brother (Michael). When he was 20 years old, he enlisted in the U.S. Army during World War II. Edward died on March 20, 2001. According to a published death notice, he worked as a laboratory supervisor for Exxon Corporation in Bayonne, New Jersey, for 45 years.","These papers mainly consist of correspondence sent to him by family and friends, most dating from 1943 to 1945. Also preserved are letters sent to other members of the Lynch family, notably to his mother Elizabeth in the late 1940s and early 1950s."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes letters, photographs, greeting cards, printed religious ephemera, artifacts, and other material pertaining to Edward Lynch of Bayonne, New Jersey while serving in Europe during World War II. The letters were written to him by family and friends. Other correspondence from Lynch's brothers, Joseph and Michael, to their parents, Elizabeth and Michael. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome of the artifacts include parts of Edward's uniform, a military issued razor and mirror, and pieces of two Japanese planes that belonged to Edward's brother Joseph while serving as a chaplain in the U.S. Navy in the Pacific.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries contains correspondence to Edward from June 1943 to February 1948. Typically, their content includes news of family, friends and his hometown, and convey - especially in the case of family members - their love and concern for him during his wartime service. Included with some of the letters or cards are newspaper clippings with  information about what was happening in New Jersey. In few instances, writers sent news of the family's parish by enclosing a copy of its printed newsletter. Others sent him religious medals and, on one occasion, a printed card from two of his sisters saying they had attended the October 1943 \"Patriotic Religious Service\" held at New York's Polo Grounds, led by Archbishop Spellman. It appears that Edward's parents were Roman Catholics who reared their children to be Roman Catholics. An older brother, Joseph Lynch, was apparently a Roman Catholic priest who served as a chaplain during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence is arranged chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12/8/43, Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord CA (includes photographs)\nSending pictures taken when he was home, says to make sure he clarifies when showing them to friends that she's his sister [as he's holding her in a picture], sends address of a friend serving in North Africa [Thomas Hurley]--address is Postmaster NY, couldn't find knife he wants for Christmas so going to hold off until they can hear from him exactly the kind he wants, signs off to go to church to pray for peace on Feast of Immaculate Conception\n-seemingly 2 of the 8 pictures are from a different set/possibly not associated with this letter--picture Ed at camp rather than at home \u0026amp; slightly different size/material from other pictures\n12/21/43, Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord CA\nMentions he's been doing a lot of dancing with the USO, describes office Christmas party \u0026amp; getting Christmas bonuses, boss gave her an orchid, got a tree even though they're scarce/expensive, includes 2 Santa stickers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2/10/44, Peg NY, Ed CA\nValentine's card, joke about love message on a party phone line.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3/21/44, Peggy NJ, Ed Camp Roberts CA\nSnow in NJ makes it feel like Christmas rather than almost Easter, mother woke children up singing Happy Birthday to one so she sees no need in setting an alarm for the next birthday, sending him the knife he wanted but won't send a bill--says it's an Easter gift, got in early in the morning after a house party with 16 girls.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4/5/44, Peggy NJ, Ed Camp Roberts CA\nLetter within homemade Easter card with bunny/chick pictures cut out from newspaper or another card, weather makes it look more like Christmas, brother chosen to sing at Cathedral in Newark--he's coming home while he's in the area but she won't see him because she has to work, gossip about people they know on furlough or getting married, thanks him for sending pictures, sending nuts (\"from a nut\") because they're not making bunnies/eggs/jelly beans this year\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePeg NJ, Ed Fort Ord, CA\nSent him a knife he's been using to skin snakes--she wants a snakeskin bag out of it, looked through pictures he sent for \"eligible\" men but discouraged by mother--wants their histories next time, saw a kid's operetta \u0026amp; laughed at the boys dancing \"as graceful as elephants\", friend on furlough told a nun he was instructing \u0026amp; she said \"well I'll be damned\" (surprised him \u0026amp; herself), relates story of risking her life riding in the car with a friend who had no license, mentions it feels like every letter she has another wedding to tell him about\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3/2/45, Peg NJ, Ed Postmaster NY\nSt. Patrick's Day card (cartoon chick dressed as leprechaun with 3D feather tail).\n3/3/45, Peg NJ, Ed Postmaster NY (VMail)\nMentions he fixed up a bike with a friend \u0026amp; it will come in handy, mentions sending photos, mentions working in an office \u0026amp; social life with other office girls.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence from Standard Oil to Edward Lynch regarding his employment and benefits while in military service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries contains correspondence from Edward's brother Michael to their mother Elizabeth. They date from January 12, 1948 to June 16, 1952. They disclose an estrangement with his family (which Michael called a \"family feud\") over his decision to become a priest in the Anglican (Episcopal) Church. Set against the backdrop of increasing tension between the Soviet Union and the West, Michael explains his decision and offers his views on communist dictatorships, the waywardness of the \"Roman Church,\" and why the Anglican (Episcopal) tradition is a purer form of the original Christian church. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence arranged chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence from Edward's brother Joseph, one addressed to his mother and the other to his father. They are dated 1926-1946. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence arranged chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries contains carbon copy prayer, photographs, picture postcards, maps, pamphlets (government and religious), language dictionaries, military dress, and wartime \"souvenirs.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarbon copy of a typed tract, \"Prayers For A Stray Shepherd,\" attributed to E. Boyd Barrett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 English-French language dictionaries and phrase books; 1 brochure on \"The Quick Way to a Better Vocabulary\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShip newsletter for the U.S.S. Harry Taylor; notes on first aid procedures for chemical warfare agents; property issue slip; and typed prayer list.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrayer cards; soldier passes; handbooks; soap papers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGuides to the armed forces, songbooks, collectible photo album, \"If you should be captured, these are your rights\" pamphlet\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePamphlets on moral behaviors, published by National Catholic Community Service, Catholic Action, and the Saint Anthony Guild\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes family photos at Christmas, soldiers, some dates are on backs of the photos\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome postcards blank, other addressed either to or from Edward Lynch\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoad maps for Washington, D.C.; San Francisco and Los Angeles, California; the Western United States; and the World War II Pacific Theater.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMilitary clothing: 4 khaki neckties, 4 caps, 1 pair of socks, 1 green drawstring bag from the American Red Cross, 1 canvas snap belt bag.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 metal fragments from a Japanese Mitsubishi bomber and a Japanese Zero fighter (fragments are labeled); belt buckle; mirror; small green metal tin (labeled \"Moore Push-Thumbtacks\") containing 2 cross pins and 1 service ribbon; safety razor from Gillette Safety Razor Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e20 embroidered military patches of stripes and badges\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 slide rulers in black cardboard boxes, with Japanese script along the outside.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes letters, photographs, greeting cards, printed religious ephemera, artifacts, and other material pertaining to Edward Lynch of Bayonne, New Jersey while serving in Europe during World War II. The letters were written to him by family and friends. Other correspondence from Lynch's brothers, Joseph and Michael, to their parents, Elizabeth and Michael.","Some of the artifacts include parts of Edward's uniform, a military issued razor and mirror, and pieces of two Japanese planes that belonged to Edward's brother Joseph while serving as a chaplain in the U.S. Navy in the Pacific.","Series contains correspondence to Edward from June 1943 to February 1948. Typically, their content includes news of family, friends and his hometown, and convey - especially in the case of family members - their love and concern for him during his wartime service. Included with some of the letters or cards are newspaper clippings with  information about what was happening in New Jersey. In few instances, writers sent news of the family's parish by enclosing a copy of its printed newsletter. Others sent him religious medals and, on one occasion, a printed card from two of his sisters saying they had attended the October 1943 \"Patriotic Religious Service\" held at New York's Polo Grounds, led by Archbishop Spellman. It appears that Edward's parents were Roman Catholics who reared their children to be Roman Catholics. An older brother, Joseph Lynch, was apparently a Roman Catholic priest who served as a chaplain during World War II.","Correspondence is arranged chronologically.","12/8/43, Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord CA (includes photographs)\nSending pictures taken when he was home, says to make sure he clarifies when showing them to friends that she's his sister [as he's holding her in a picture], sends address of a friend serving in North Africa [Thomas Hurley]--address is Postmaster NY, couldn't find knife he wants for Christmas so going to hold off until they can hear from him exactly the kind he wants, signs off to go to church to pray for peace on Feast of Immaculate Conception\n-seemingly 2 of the 8 pictures are from a different set/possibly not associated with this letter--picture Ed at camp rather than at home \u0026 slightly different size/material from other pictures\n12/21/43, Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord CA\nMentions he's been doing a lot of dancing with the USO, describes office Christmas party \u0026 getting Christmas bonuses, boss gave her an orchid, got a tree even though they're scarce/expensive, includes 2 Santa stickers","2/10/44, Peg NY, Ed CA\nValentine's card, joke about love message on a party phone line.","3/21/44, Peggy NJ, Ed Camp Roberts CA\nSnow in NJ makes it feel like Christmas rather than almost Easter, mother woke children up singing Happy Birthday to one so she sees no need in setting an alarm for the next birthday, sending him the knife he wanted but won't send a bill--says it's an Easter gift, got in early in the morning after a house party with 16 girls.","4/5/44, Peggy NJ, Ed Camp Roberts CA\nLetter within homemade Easter card with bunny/chick pictures cut out from newspaper or another card, weather makes it look more like Christmas, brother chosen to sing at Cathedral in Newark--he's coming home while he's in the area but she won't see him because she has to work, gossip about people they know on furlough or getting married, thanks him for sending pictures, sending nuts (\"from a nut\") because they're not making bunnies/eggs/jelly beans this year","Peg NJ, Ed Fort Ord, CA\nSent him a knife he's been using to skin snakes--she wants a snakeskin bag out of it, looked through pictures he sent for \"eligible\" men but discouraged by mother--wants their histories next time, saw a kid's operetta \u0026 laughed at the boys dancing \"as graceful as elephants\", friend on furlough told a nun he was instructing \u0026 she said \"well I'll be damned\" (surprised him \u0026 herself), relates story of risking her life riding in the car with a friend who had no license, mentions it feels like every letter she has another wedding to tell him about","3/2/45, Peg NJ, Ed Postmaster NY\nSt. Patrick's Day card (cartoon chick dressed as leprechaun with 3D feather tail).\n3/3/45, Peg NJ, Ed Postmaster NY (VMail)\nMentions he fixed up a bike with a friend \u0026 it will come in handy, mentions sending photos, mentions working in an office \u0026 social life with other office girls.","Includes correspondence from Standard Oil to Edward Lynch regarding his employment and benefits while in military service.","Series contains correspondence from Edward's brother Michael to their mother Elizabeth. They date from January 12, 1948 to June 16, 1952. They disclose an estrangement with his family (which Michael called a \"family feud\") over his decision to become a priest in the Anglican (Episcopal) Church. Set against the backdrop of increasing tension between the Soviet Union and the West, Michael explains his decision and offers his views on communist dictatorships, the waywardness of the \"Roman Church,\" and why the Anglican (Episcopal) tradition is a purer form of the original Christian church.","Correspondence arranged chronologically.","Correspondence from Edward's brother Joseph, one addressed to his mother and the other to his father. They are dated 1926-1946.","Correspondence arranged chronologically.","Series contains carbon copy prayer, photographs, picture postcards, maps, pamphlets (government and religious), language dictionaries, military dress, and wartime \"souvenirs.\"","Carbon copy of a typed tract, \"Prayers For A Stray Shepherd,\" attributed to E. Boyd Barrett.","5 English-French language dictionaries and phrase books; 1 brochure on \"The Quick Way to a Better Vocabulary\"","Ship newsletter for the U.S.S. Harry Taylor; notes on first aid procedures for chemical warfare agents; property issue slip; and typed prayer list.","Prayer cards; soldier passes; handbooks; soap papers","Guides to the armed forces, songbooks, collectible photo album, \"If you should be captured, these are your rights\" pamphlet","Pamphlets on moral behaviors, published by National Catholic Community Service, Catholic Action, and the Saint Anthony Guild","Includes family photos at Christmas, soldiers, some dates are on backs of the photos","Some postcards blank, other addressed either to or from Edward Lynch","Road maps for Washington, D.C.; San Francisco and Los Angeles, California; the Western United States; and the World War II Pacific Theater.","Military clothing: 4 khaki neckties, 4 caps, 1 pair of socks, 1 green drawstring bag from the American Red Cross, 1 canvas snap belt bag.","2 metal fragments from a Japanese Mitsubishi bomber and a Japanese Zero fighter (fragments are labeled); belt buckle; mirror; small green metal tin (labeled \"Moore Push-Thumbtacks\") containing 2 cross pins and 1 service ribbon; safety razor from Gillette Safety Razor Company.","20 embroidered military patches of stripes and badges","3 slide rulers in black cardboard boxes, with Japanese script along the outside."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Lynch, Edward, 1923-2001"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Lynch, Edward, 1923-2001"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":59,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:43:51.432Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3837"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"First Baptist Church collection, 1866/2017","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9602#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"First Baptist Church of Williamsburg","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9602#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection is formed of materials created by the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, dating from the mid-1800s to the present day. Inculded in this collection are church records such as member rolls, meeting minutes, photographs, bibles, building blueprints, and audio visual materials.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9602#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9602.xml","title_filing_ssi":"First Baptist Church Collection","title_ssm":["First Baptist Church collection"],"title_tesim":["First Baptist Church collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1866-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1866-2017"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1866/2017"],"normalized_title_ssm":["First Baptist Church collection, 1866/2017"],"text":["First Baptist Church collection, 1866/2017","MS 00341","/repositories/2/resources/9602","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century","Baptist Church--Virginia--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Religion and culture","African Americans--Religion","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Viewing Series V is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg.","Item are restricted.","This collection is arranged into five series. Series I, Administrative Papers; which holds documents related to the oganization and operation of the church such as meeting minutes, notes, member registers, ledgers, and bylaws. Series II, Photographs; contains images of, and pertaining to, the First Baptist Church. Series III, Bibles and Hymnals; Bibles and Hymnals either held by the church itself, or by church members. Series IV, Audiovisual Materials; CDs, audio recordings, and oral histories. And Series V, Blueprints; blueprints of the 1956 church building, as well as other documents pertaining to the construction process.","The history of the First Baptist Church (FBC) can be traced to 1776 when a group of free and enslaved Black people began publicly worshiping after the constraints of British Anglicanism was lifted in Virginia. The First Baptist Church claims to be the oldest continuously operating black congregation in the United States, as it was practicing prior to applying for admittance to the Dover Baptist Association in 1791.","Worshippers first met under a brush arbor built near Green Spring, a plantation west of Williamsburg.  A white landowner named Robert F. Coles offered the congregation space in his carriage house on Nassau Street around 1776. This is where the congregation was located when they became a part of the Dover Baptist Association as the African Baptist Church. Membership to the Association lapsed and resumed several times between 1776 and 1828. 1828 saw the remodeling of the carriage house to accommodate a growing congregation. After several rebellions against slavery across the country, including one led by Nat Turner in Southampton, Virginia, the Virginia House of Delegates passed an act on March 15, 1832 that required white pastors to lead Black religious organizations. As a result, the membership rolls decreased by nearly half. On Friday, April 14, 1834, a tornado destroyed the remodeled 1828 church building. The congregation moved to worship at the white Zion Baptist Church. In May 1856, the new African Baptist Church on Nassau street was dedicated.","During the Civil War, the church building was used as a hospital for Confederate soldiers until the Union army took the city. Soon after in 1863, the congregation regained control of the building and changed the name to The First Baptist Church of Williamsburg. The Philadelphia Friends Freedman's Association established a school in the church that same year, which flourished until the establishment of free public schools in 1870. After the Civil War, the requirement for a white pastor was removed and the congregation was able to choose their own leadership.","1871 saw an additional expansion of the church ground by thirty-five feet of land to the south side. In 1886, the church's womens' auxiliary committee raised funds to add a fence, a belfry and bell, a woodhouse, and in 1887, another twenty feet of land was purchased. A building committee was formed, and the structure was renovated with the side galleries removed in 1893. A fire damaged the building in 1930, but was repaired within a year. An annex was planned to be built in 1953, however, that same year Colonial Williamsburg offered $130,000 as well as a larger plot of land on Scotland street to purchase the church building on Nassau street. In August 18, 1954, the church trustees agreed to the deal. Attorney Lewis Armistead oversaw the legal proceedings while Bernard B. Spiegel was hired as the architect of the new church on Scotland Street. The church was completed in late 1956. Colonial Williamsburg demolished the Nassau street building in 1956 and constructed a parking lot.","In the spring of 1984, the coordinator of James City County's 350th Anniversary, Mrs. Robinette Fitzsimmons, requested that church members allow visitors to tour the church, view artifacts, and listen to history lessons. That request led to the creation of the Church Historian Position, and Miss. Marie Sheppard was appointed. Sheppard agreed to Colonial Williamsburg's request with the stipulation that a history book be jointly created and requested that Colonial Williamsburg restore the Nassau street church. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation agreed, but on the condition that the 1818 version be restored instead of the 1856 church building that was demolished. The Lilly Foundation provided a grant of $74,000 for an exhibition on the history of First Baptist Church, and it opened to the public in 2003. In 2020, Colonial Williamsburg began archaeological excavations of the original church site, and in 2021 discovered evidence of human remains. Currently, the church burial grounds are undergoing further research.","This collection is formed of materials created by the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, dating from the mid-1800s to the present day. Inculded in this collection are church records such as member rolls, meeting minutes, photographs, bibles, building blueprints, and audio visual materials.","This series contains meeting minute books, church records, and committee information related to the operation of the First Baptist Church.","A Sunday School record book from 1974-1975. Contains collection reports, attendance records, and meeting notes. The cover is red and black patterned with gold lettering, and has two green with white lettering stickers spelling out \"First Baptist Sunday School.\"","A Sunday School record book from 1975-1976. Contains collection reports, attendance records, and meeting notes. The cover is light brown, and has gold lettering with the word \"Record\" enscribed on the top right.","A check register with papers from 1942-1946. Contains dated financial information along with a group of un-folded brochures from the Church's 205th Anniversary. The register is a brown binder whose cover is separating from the spine. The cover is embossed with the Peninsula Bank and Trust Co. logo.","A minute book with typed entries from 1979-1986. Contains meeting notes from several church committees, as well as budget numbers. Bound in burgundy pleather with \"National\" stamped on the spine. The spine contains a yellow note taped to it with the entry date range.","A minute book with handwritten entries from 1951-1974. Contains meeting notes and budget calculations. The binding is missing a spine, the cover is black with red corners. Inside the book, the first page from the manufacturer reads \"Account Book, No. S64.\"","A record book spanning from 1926 to 1969. This book has various loose objects sandwiched between the pages, including grocery lists, receipts, and dated notes. The contents of the book's pages feature member information, baptism and death dates. These records are followed by church meeting notes, which include information on the collection numbers, membership, leadership decisions, and the actions of various committees.","A record book that spans from 1865 to 1871. The book features member information, including baptism and death dates. These records are followed by church meeting notes, which include information on the collection numbers, membership, leadership decisions, and the actions of various committees.","Meeting minutes book housed in a tan hard case, spine reads \"First Baptist Church Meeting Minutes August 1, 1887 - March 1895+,\" includes a loose letter and a conservation note.","A church minute book bound in red, the spine reads \"First Baptist Church Minutes Book 4, 1897-1922.\"","A church minute book bound in brown leather, spine reads \"First Baptist Church 1891-1950,\" a yellow note accompanies the book and reads \"Church Minutes 1879 (1893) 1950.\"","Church financial notes and records.","Two newspaper clippings and a brochure titled \"First Africans: Angela.\"","Typed meeting minutes.","A 3 inch by 2 inch sized booklet with ledger notations inside.","A stapled packet of church information created to celebrate the 226th first baptist church anniversary.","Document entitled, \"constitution and Bylaws for a baptist church.\" It contains handwritten corrections.","Nomination charts, agendas, trustee responibilites, and evaulation forms.","A dark yellow/gold packing list from Etherington Conservation Services for the convervation work done on \"Minute Book #3.\"","A group of letters and other correspondence that was held in the front binder pocket of the 1954 - 1991 Trustee Book.","Documents pertaining to the First Baptist Church that were orginally held in the front pocket of the Department of Historic Resources Historical Marker Application Binder. Also contains sign mock-ups and blueprints of the church building.","Member Register book, reads \"Church Records #9,1927\" on spine, bound in red cloth fraying at the edges, actual dates 1927-1938.","Church member records. The red, marble-bound book is labeled \"FBC Minutes 1875 Deacon /minutes September 1885,\" actual dates are 1875-1912.","A Minutes of the Deacons book, 1884-1893, in a tan hard case, book bound in red wavy marble pattern with red leather spine.","A deacon's committee meeting minutes book in a dark brown hard case, book itself is bound with a green tinted wavy marble pattern cover, spine reads \"Church Minute Book 7,\" dates 1866-1872.","A binder and 78 photographs of the First Baptist Church.","The binder contains scans of the 1956 church blueprints which are restricted. There is also a property record card, which contains land valuation assessments, items are restricted.","The binder also includes a mock-up for signs from Scotty Signs, bill of sale, a timeline of the application for the Virginia Landmarks Register, an application for the National Register of Historic Places, a copy of the application form for the landmark recognition, article clippings, Department of Historic Resources agenda, nomination for consideration to the national and state registries,and an architecture evaluation.","A binder containing meeting minutes and trustee documents.","A record book with a blue cover that contains diaconate records and meeting notes.","Five photograph albums and one binder from the Department of Historic Resources in Virginia.","Undated photographs and one dated choir photograph with identifcation list from 1957. This folder also houses a two page exhibition banner chart.","Photos of First Baptist Church originally housed in the Department of Historic Resources binder. Predominantly photographs showcasing the Scotland St. building.","There are three bibles in the collection. One physical object and two digital scans. There are also scans of one hymnal book.","Original is a 5\"x3 1/4\" inch bible from 1844 with handwritten notes","The bible was published in 1852 by E.T. Day, and contains a foreword. The family record section has handwritten notes, the last name \"Dunlop\" appears several times.","Cary Family Bible is a scanned copy of the covers and pages with family records and genealogy. The Bible was passed down to Alvene Patterson Conyers.","King's Message hymnal book containing church programs and patron names from around 1978-1981","Seven pages found tucked within the 1852 Bible. Two of the loose pages are titled \"Family Record\", and have handwritten notes under the headings of \"Marriages,\" \"Births,\" and \"Deaths.\" The other five loose pages are from Matthew, chapter ten through eighteen.","Oral history recordings, and three CDs.","Deacon James Baker and Marie Shepard's walking interview, July 11, 1988, followed by the third group history project interview at Ms. Julia Boyce's.","6 DVD-Rs. One is titled \"FBC Maps,\" 4 are labeled \"for DHR\" likely referring to the Department of Historic Resources, and another labeled \"National Register Nomination Materials.\" The DVD labeled \"National Register...\" is from the College of William \u0026 Mary Center for Archeological Research.","A series of architectural drawings and specifications sheets from construction performed for the First Baptist Church in 1956. They are labeled out of a series of 19. These blueprints contain specification (spec) sheets, that provide descritions of building terms, contract expectations, and materials that will be used during construction. There is also a spiral bound booklet of plans for a \"Museum Addition and Renovation Proposal\" dated June 18th, 2001.","The blueprints are restricted.","A contract for the construction of the First Baptist Church to be located at Scotland Street. Fragile.","A series of architectural drawings and specifications sheets from construction preformed for the First Baptist Church in 1956. Seven of the blueprints are large 2 x 3 feet renderings. They are labeled out of a series of 19, this group includes pages 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 16, and 19. With these blueprints are 6 specification (spec) sheets. The specification sheets provide information for building terms, contract expectations, and materials that will be used during construction.","This is the second half of the set of blueprints from 1954. The pages are numbered from 1 to 19, and this group contains numbers 10, 8, 11, 13, 18, 5, 12, 4, 14, 17, 15.","A 42 page index describing materials and work terms for the construction of the First Baptist Church on Scotland Street in 1954. Restricted.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church.","Due to the fragility of this item, it is recommended that a staff member assist any researchers when viewing.","This item is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg.","Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["First Baptist Church collection, 1866/2017"],"collection_ssim":["First Baptist Church collection, 1866/2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00341","/repositories/2/resources/9602"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00341","/repositories/2/resources/9602"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"creator_ssim":["First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church."],"acqinfo_ssim":["On extended loan from the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Baptist Church--Virginia--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Religion and culture","African Americans--Religion"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Baptist Church--Virginia--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Religion and culture","African Americans--Religion"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16.7 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["16.7 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eViewing Series V is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eItem are restricted.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Viewing Series V is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg.","Item are restricted."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into five series. Series I, Administrative Papers; which holds documents related to the oganization and operation of the church such as meeting minutes, notes, member registers, ledgers, and bylaws. Series II, Photographs; contains images of, and pertaining to, the First Baptist Church. Series III, Bibles and Hymnals; Bibles and Hymnals either held by the church itself, or by church members. Series IV, Audiovisual Materials; CDs, audio recordings, and oral histories. And Series V, Blueprints; blueprints of the 1956 church building, as well as other documents pertaining to the construction process.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into five series. Series I, Administrative Papers; which holds documents related to the oganization and operation of the church such as meeting minutes, notes, member registers, ledgers, and bylaws. Series II, Photographs; contains images of, and pertaining to, the First Baptist Church. Series III, Bibles and Hymnals; Bibles and Hymnals either held by the church itself, or by church members. Series IV, Audiovisual Materials; CDs, audio recordings, and oral histories. And Series V, Blueprints; blueprints of the 1956 church building, as well as other documents pertaining to the construction process."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe history of the First Baptist Church (FBC) can be traced to 1776 when a group of free and enslaved Black people began publicly worshiping after the constraints of British Anglicanism was lifted in Virginia. The First Baptist Church claims to be the oldest continuously operating black congregation in the United States, as it was practicing prior to applying for admittance to the Dover Baptist Association in 1791. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorshippers first met under a brush arbor built near Green Spring, a plantation west of Williamsburg.  A white landowner named Robert F. Coles offered the congregation space in his carriage house on Nassau Street around 1776. This is where the congregation was located when they became a part of the Dover Baptist Association as the African Baptist Church. Membership to the Association lapsed and resumed several times between 1776 and 1828. 1828 saw the remodeling of the carriage house to accommodate a growing congregation. After several rebellions against slavery across the country, including one led by Nat Turner in Southampton, Virginia, the Virginia House of Delegates passed an act on March 15, 1832 that required white pastors to lead Black religious organizations. As a result, the membership rolls decreased by nearly half. On Friday, April 14, 1834, a tornado destroyed the remodeled 1828 church building. The congregation moved to worship at the white Zion Baptist Church. In May 1856, the new African Baptist Church on Nassau street was dedicated. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War, the church building was used as a hospital for Confederate soldiers until the Union army took the city. Soon after in 1863, the congregation regained control of the building and changed the name to The First Baptist Church of Williamsburg. The Philadelphia Friends Freedman's Association established a school in the church that same year, which flourished until the establishment of free public schools in 1870. After the Civil War, the requirement for a white pastor was removed and the congregation was able to choose their own leadership. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1871 saw an additional expansion of the church ground by thirty-five feet of land to the south side. In 1886, the church's womens' auxiliary committee raised funds to add a fence, a belfry and bell, a woodhouse, and in 1887, another twenty feet of land was purchased. A building committee was formed, and the structure was renovated with the side galleries removed in 1893. A fire damaged the building in 1930, but was repaired within a year. An annex was planned to be built in 1953, however, that same year Colonial Williamsburg offered $130,000 as well as a larger plot of land on Scotland street to purchase the church building on Nassau street. In August 18, 1954, the church trustees agreed to the deal. Attorney Lewis Armistead oversaw the legal proceedings while Bernard B. Spiegel was hired as the architect of the new church on Scotland Street. The church was completed in late 1956. Colonial Williamsburg demolished the Nassau street building in 1956 and constructed a parking lot. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the spring of 1984, the coordinator of James City County's 350th Anniversary, Mrs. Robinette Fitzsimmons, requested that church members allow visitors to tour the church, view artifacts, and listen to history lessons. That request led to the creation of the Church Historian Position, and Miss. Marie Sheppard was appointed. Sheppard agreed to Colonial Williamsburg's request with the stipulation that a history book be jointly created and requested that Colonial Williamsburg restore the Nassau street church. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation agreed, but on the condition that the 1818 version be restored instead of the 1856 church building that was demolished. The Lilly Foundation provided a grant of $74,000 for an exhibition on the history of First Baptist Church, and it opened to the public in 2003. In 2020, Colonial Williamsburg began archaeological excavations of the original church site, and in 2021 discovered evidence of human remains. Currently, the church burial grounds are undergoing further research. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The history of the First Baptist Church (FBC) can be traced to 1776 when a group of free and enslaved Black people began publicly worshiping after the constraints of British Anglicanism was lifted in Virginia. The First Baptist Church claims to be the oldest continuously operating black congregation in the United States, as it was practicing prior to applying for admittance to the Dover Baptist Association in 1791.","Worshippers first met under a brush arbor built near Green Spring, a plantation west of Williamsburg.  A white landowner named Robert F. Coles offered the congregation space in his carriage house on Nassau Street around 1776. This is where the congregation was located when they became a part of the Dover Baptist Association as the African Baptist Church. Membership to the Association lapsed and resumed several times between 1776 and 1828. 1828 saw the remodeling of the carriage house to accommodate a growing congregation. After several rebellions against slavery across the country, including one led by Nat Turner in Southampton, Virginia, the Virginia House of Delegates passed an act on March 15, 1832 that required white pastors to lead Black religious organizations. As a result, the membership rolls decreased by nearly half. On Friday, April 14, 1834, a tornado destroyed the remodeled 1828 church building. The congregation moved to worship at the white Zion Baptist Church. In May 1856, the new African Baptist Church on Nassau street was dedicated.","During the Civil War, the church building was used as a hospital for Confederate soldiers until the Union army took the city. Soon after in 1863, the congregation regained control of the building and changed the name to The First Baptist Church of Williamsburg. The Philadelphia Friends Freedman's Association established a school in the church that same year, which flourished until the establishment of free public schools in 1870. After the Civil War, the requirement for a white pastor was removed and the congregation was able to choose their own leadership.","1871 saw an additional expansion of the church ground by thirty-five feet of land to the south side. In 1886, the church's womens' auxiliary committee raised funds to add a fence, a belfry and bell, a woodhouse, and in 1887, another twenty feet of land was purchased. A building committee was formed, and the structure was renovated with the side galleries removed in 1893. A fire damaged the building in 1930, but was repaired within a year. An annex was planned to be built in 1953, however, that same year Colonial Williamsburg offered $130,000 as well as a larger plot of land on Scotland street to purchase the church building on Nassau street. In August 18, 1954, the church trustees agreed to the deal. Attorney Lewis Armistead oversaw the legal proceedings while Bernard B. Spiegel was hired as the architect of the new church on Scotland Street. The church was completed in late 1956. Colonial Williamsburg demolished the Nassau street building in 1956 and constructed a parking lot.","In the spring of 1984, the coordinator of James City County's 350th Anniversary, Mrs. Robinette Fitzsimmons, requested that church members allow visitors to tour the church, view artifacts, and listen to history lessons. That request led to the creation of the Church Historian Position, and Miss. Marie Sheppard was appointed. Sheppard agreed to Colonial Williamsburg's request with the stipulation that a history book be jointly created and requested that Colonial Williamsburg restore the Nassau street church. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation agreed, but on the condition that the 1818 version be restored instead of the 1856 church building that was demolished. The Lilly Foundation provided a grant of $74,000 for an exhibition on the history of First Baptist Church, and it opened to the public in 2003. In 2020, Colonial Williamsburg began archaeological excavations of the original church site, and in 2021 discovered evidence of human remains. Currently, the church burial grounds are undergoing further research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFirst Baptist Church Collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["First Baptist Church Collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is formed of materials created by the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, dating from the mid-1800s to the present day. Inculded in this collection are church records such as member rolls, meeting minutes, photographs, bibles, building blueprints, and audio visual materials.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains meeting minute books, church records, and committee information related to the operation of the First Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Sunday School record book from 1974-1975. Contains collection reports, attendance records, and meeting notes. The cover is red and black patterned with gold lettering, and has two green with white lettering stickers spelling out \"First Baptist Sunday School.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Sunday School record book from 1975-1976. Contains collection reports, attendance records, and meeting notes. The cover is light brown, and has gold lettering with the word \"Record\" enscribed on the top right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA check register with papers from 1942-1946. Contains dated financial information along with a group of un-folded brochures from the Church's 205th Anniversary. The register is a brown binder whose cover is separating from the spine. The cover is embossed with the Peninsula Bank and Trust Co. logo.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA minute book with typed entries from 1979-1986. Contains meeting notes from several church committees, as well as budget numbers. Bound in burgundy pleather with \"National\" stamped on the spine. The spine contains a yellow note taped to it with the entry date range.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA minute book with handwritten entries from 1951-1974. Contains meeting notes and budget calculations. The binding is missing a spine, the cover is black with red corners. Inside the book, the first page from the manufacturer reads \"Account Book, No. S64.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA record book spanning from 1926 to 1969. This book has various loose objects sandwiched between the pages, including grocery lists, receipts, and dated notes. The contents of the book's pages feature member information, baptism and death dates. These records are followed by church meeting notes, which include information on the collection numbers, membership, leadership decisions, and the actions of various committees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA record book that spans from 1865 to 1871. The book features member information, including baptism and death dates. These records are followed by church meeting notes, which include information on the collection numbers, membership, leadership decisions, and the actions of various committees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMeeting minutes book housed in a tan hard case, spine reads \"First Baptist Church Meeting Minutes August 1, 1887 - March 1895+,\" includes a loose letter and a conservation note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA church minute book bound in red, the spine reads \"First Baptist Church Minutes Book 4, 1897-1922.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA church minute book bound in brown leather, spine reads \"First Baptist Church 1891-1950,\" a yellow note accompanies the book and reads \"Church Minutes 1879 (1893) 1950.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChurch financial notes and records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo newspaper clippings and a brochure titled \"First Africans: Angela.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyped meeting minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA 3 inch by 2 inch sized booklet with ledger notations inside.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA stapled packet of church information created to celebrate the 226th first baptist church anniversary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument entitled, \"constitution and Bylaws for a baptist church.\" It contains handwritten corrections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNomination charts, agendas, trustee responibilites, and evaulation forms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA dark yellow/gold packing list from Etherington Conservation Services for the convervation work done on \"Minute Book #3.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA group of letters and other correspondence that was held in the front binder pocket of the 1954 - 1991 Trustee Book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments pertaining to the First Baptist Church that were orginally held in the front pocket of the Department of Historic Resources Historical Marker Application Binder. Also contains sign mock-ups and blueprints of the church building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMember Register book, reads \"Church Records #9,1927\" on spine, bound in red cloth fraying at the edges, actual dates 1927-1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChurch member records. The red, marble-bound book is labeled \"FBC Minutes 1875 Deacon /minutes September 1885,\" actual dates are 1875-1912.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Minutes of the Deacons book, 1884-1893, in a tan hard case, book bound in red wavy marble pattern with red leather spine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA deacon's committee meeting minutes book in a dark brown hard case, book itself is bound with a green tinted wavy marble pattern cover, spine reads \"Church Minute Book 7,\" dates 1866-1872.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA binder and 78 photographs of the First Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe binder contains scans of the 1956 church blueprints which are restricted. There is also a property record card, which contains land valuation assessments, items are restricted. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe binder also includes a mock-up for signs from Scotty Signs, bill of sale, a timeline of the application for the Virginia Landmarks Register, an application for the National Register of Historic Places, a copy of the application form for the landmark recognition, article clippings, Department of Historic Resources agenda, nomination for consideration to the national and state registries,and an architecture evaluation. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA binder containing meeting minutes and trustee documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA record book with a blue cover that contains diaconate records and meeting notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive photograph albums and one binder from the Department of Historic Resources in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUndated photographs and one dated choir photograph with identifcation list from 1957. This folder also houses a two page exhibition banner chart.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotos of First Baptist Church originally housed in the Department of Historic Resources binder. Predominantly photographs showcasing the Scotland St. building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are three bibles in the collection. One physical object and two digital scans. There are also scans of one hymnal book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal is a 5\"x3 1/4\" inch bible from 1844 with handwritten notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bible was published in 1852 by E.T. Day, and contains a foreword. The family record section has handwritten notes, the last name \"Dunlop\" appears several times.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCary Family Bible is a scanned copy of the covers and pages with family records and genealogy. The Bible was passed down to Alvene Patterson Conyers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKing's Message hymnal book containing church programs and patron names from around 1978-1981\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeven pages found tucked within the 1852 Bible. Two of the loose pages are titled \"Family Record\", and have handwritten notes under the headings of \"Marriages,\" \"Births,\" and \"Deaths.\" The other five loose pages are from Matthew, chapter ten through eighteen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOral history recordings, and three CDs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeacon James Baker and Marie Shepard's walking interview, July 11, 1988, followed by the third group history project interview at Ms. Julia Boyce's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 DVD-Rs. One is titled \"FBC Maps,\" 4 are labeled \"for DHR\" likely referring to the Department of Historic Resources, and another labeled \"National Register Nomination Materials.\" The DVD labeled \"National Register...\" is from the College of William \u0026amp; Mary Center for Archeological Research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of architectural drawings and specifications sheets from construction performed for the First Baptist Church in 1956. They are labeled out of a series of 19. These blueprints contain specification (spec) sheets, that provide descritions of building terms, contract expectations, and materials that will be used during construction. There is also a spiral bound booklet of plans for a \"Museum Addition and Renovation Proposal\" dated June 18th, 2001. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe blueprints are restricted. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA contract for the construction of the First Baptist Church to be located at Scotland Street. Fragile.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of architectural drawings and specifications sheets from construction preformed for the First Baptist Church in 1956. Seven of the blueprints are large 2 x 3 feet renderings. They are labeled out of a series of 19, this group includes pages 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 16, and 19. With these blueprints are 6 specification (spec) sheets. The specification sheets provide information for building terms, contract expectations, and materials that will be used during construction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is the second half of the set of blueprints from 1954. The pages are numbered from 1 to 19, and this group contains numbers 10, 8, 11, 13, 18, 5, 12, 4, 14, 17, 15.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA 42 page index describing materials and work terms for the construction of the First Baptist Church on Scotland Street in 1954. Restricted.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is formed of materials created by the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, dating from the mid-1800s to the present day. Inculded in this collection are church records such as member rolls, meeting minutes, photographs, bibles, building blueprints, and audio visual materials.","This series contains meeting minute books, church records, and committee information related to the operation of the First Baptist Church.","A Sunday School record book from 1974-1975. Contains collection reports, attendance records, and meeting notes. The cover is red and black patterned with gold lettering, and has two green with white lettering stickers spelling out \"First Baptist Sunday School.\"","A Sunday School record book from 1975-1976. Contains collection reports, attendance records, and meeting notes. The cover is light brown, and has gold lettering with the word \"Record\" enscribed on the top right.","A check register with papers from 1942-1946. Contains dated financial information along with a group of un-folded brochures from the Church's 205th Anniversary. The register is a brown binder whose cover is separating from the spine. The cover is embossed with the Peninsula Bank and Trust Co. logo.","A minute book with typed entries from 1979-1986. Contains meeting notes from several church committees, as well as budget numbers. Bound in burgundy pleather with \"National\" stamped on the spine. The spine contains a yellow note taped to it with the entry date range.","A minute book with handwritten entries from 1951-1974. Contains meeting notes and budget calculations. The binding is missing a spine, the cover is black with red corners. Inside the book, the first page from the manufacturer reads \"Account Book, No. S64.\"","A record book spanning from 1926 to 1969. This book has various loose objects sandwiched between the pages, including grocery lists, receipts, and dated notes. The contents of the book's pages feature member information, baptism and death dates. These records are followed by church meeting notes, which include information on the collection numbers, membership, leadership decisions, and the actions of various committees.","A record book that spans from 1865 to 1871. The book features member information, including baptism and death dates. These records are followed by church meeting notes, which include information on the collection numbers, membership, leadership decisions, and the actions of various committees.","Meeting minutes book housed in a tan hard case, spine reads \"First Baptist Church Meeting Minutes August 1, 1887 - March 1895+,\" includes a loose letter and a conservation note.","A church minute book bound in red, the spine reads \"First Baptist Church Minutes Book 4, 1897-1922.\"","A church minute book bound in brown leather, spine reads \"First Baptist Church 1891-1950,\" a yellow note accompanies the book and reads \"Church Minutes 1879 (1893) 1950.\"","Church financial notes and records.","Two newspaper clippings and a brochure titled \"First Africans: Angela.\"","Typed meeting minutes.","A 3 inch by 2 inch sized booklet with ledger notations inside.","A stapled packet of church information created to celebrate the 226th first baptist church anniversary.","Document entitled, \"constitution and Bylaws for a baptist church.\" It contains handwritten corrections.","Nomination charts, agendas, trustee responibilites, and evaulation forms.","A dark yellow/gold packing list from Etherington Conservation Services for the convervation work done on \"Minute Book #3.\"","A group of letters and other correspondence that was held in the front binder pocket of the 1954 - 1991 Trustee Book.","Documents pertaining to the First Baptist Church that were orginally held in the front pocket of the Department of Historic Resources Historical Marker Application Binder. Also contains sign mock-ups and blueprints of the church building.","Member Register book, reads \"Church Records #9,1927\" on spine, bound in red cloth fraying at the edges, actual dates 1927-1938.","Church member records. The red, marble-bound book is labeled \"FBC Minutes 1875 Deacon /minutes September 1885,\" actual dates are 1875-1912.","A Minutes of the Deacons book, 1884-1893, in a tan hard case, book bound in red wavy marble pattern with red leather spine.","A deacon's committee meeting minutes book in a dark brown hard case, book itself is bound with a green tinted wavy marble pattern cover, spine reads \"Church Minute Book 7,\" dates 1866-1872.","A binder and 78 photographs of the First Baptist Church.","The binder contains scans of the 1956 church blueprints which are restricted. There is also a property record card, which contains land valuation assessments, items are restricted.","The binder also includes a mock-up for signs from Scotty Signs, bill of sale, a timeline of the application for the Virginia Landmarks Register, an application for the National Register of Historic Places, a copy of the application form for the landmark recognition, article clippings, Department of Historic Resources agenda, nomination for consideration to the national and state registries,and an architecture evaluation.","A binder containing meeting minutes and trustee documents.","A record book with a blue cover that contains diaconate records and meeting notes.","Five photograph albums and one binder from the Department of Historic Resources in Virginia.","Undated photographs and one dated choir photograph with identifcation list from 1957. This folder also houses a two page exhibition banner chart.","Photos of First Baptist Church originally housed in the Department of Historic Resources binder. Predominantly photographs showcasing the Scotland St. building.","There are three bibles in the collection. One physical object and two digital scans. There are also scans of one hymnal book.","Original is a 5\"x3 1/4\" inch bible from 1844 with handwritten notes","The bible was published in 1852 by E.T. Day, and contains a foreword. The family record section has handwritten notes, the last name \"Dunlop\" appears several times.","Cary Family Bible is a scanned copy of the covers and pages with family records and genealogy. The Bible was passed down to Alvene Patterson Conyers.","King's Message hymnal book containing church programs and patron names from around 1978-1981","Seven pages found tucked within the 1852 Bible. Two of the loose pages are titled \"Family Record\", and have handwritten notes under the headings of \"Marriages,\" \"Births,\" and \"Deaths.\" The other five loose pages are from Matthew, chapter ten through eighteen.","Oral history recordings, and three CDs.","Deacon James Baker and Marie Shepard's walking interview, July 11, 1988, followed by the third group history project interview at Ms. Julia Boyce's.","6 DVD-Rs. One is titled \"FBC Maps,\" 4 are labeled \"for DHR\" likely referring to the Department of Historic Resources, and another labeled \"National Register Nomination Materials.\" The DVD labeled \"National Register...\" is from the College of William \u0026 Mary Center for Archeological Research.","A series of architectural drawings and specifications sheets from construction performed for the First Baptist Church in 1956. They are labeled out of a series of 19. These blueprints contain specification (spec) sheets, that provide descritions of building terms, contract expectations, and materials that will be used during construction. There is also a spiral bound booklet of plans for a \"Museum Addition and Renovation Proposal\" dated June 18th, 2001.","The blueprints are restricted.","A contract for the construction of the First Baptist Church to be located at Scotland Street. Fragile.","A series of architectural drawings and specifications sheets from construction preformed for the First Baptist Church in 1956. Seven of the blueprints are large 2 x 3 feet renderings. They are labeled out of a series of 19, this group includes pages 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 16, and 19. With these blueprints are 6 specification (spec) sheets. The specification sheets provide information for building terms, contract expectations, and materials that will be used during construction.","This is the second half of the set of blueprints from 1954. The pages are numbered from 1 to 19, and this group contains numbers 10, 8, 11, 13, 18, 5, 12, 4, 14, 17, 15.","A 42 page index describing materials and work terms for the construction of the First Baptist Church on Scotland Street in 1954. Restricted."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eDue to the fragility of this item, it is recommended that a staff member assist any researchers when viewing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis item is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church.","Due to the fragility of this item, it is recommended that a staff member assist any researchers when viewing.","This item is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":75,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:49:58.131Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9602","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9602.xml","title_filing_ssi":"First Baptist Church Collection","title_ssm":["First Baptist Church collection"],"title_tesim":["First Baptist Church collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1866-2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1866-2017"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1866/2017"],"normalized_title_ssm":["First Baptist Church collection, 1866/2017"],"text":["First Baptist Church collection, 1866/2017","MS 00341","/repositories/2/resources/9602","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century","Baptist Church--Virginia--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Religion and culture","African Americans--Religion","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Viewing Series V is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg.","Item are restricted.","This collection is arranged into five series. Series I, Administrative Papers; which holds documents related to the oganization and operation of the church such as meeting minutes, notes, member registers, ledgers, and bylaws. Series II, Photographs; contains images of, and pertaining to, the First Baptist Church. Series III, Bibles and Hymnals; Bibles and Hymnals either held by the church itself, or by church members. Series IV, Audiovisual Materials; CDs, audio recordings, and oral histories. And Series V, Blueprints; blueprints of the 1956 church building, as well as other documents pertaining to the construction process.","The history of the First Baptist Church (FBC) can be traced to 1776 when a group of free and enslaved Black people began publicly worshiping after the constraints of British Anglicanism was lifted in Virginia. The First Baptist Church claims to be the oldest continuously operating black congregation in the United States, as it was practicing prior to applying for admittance to the Dover Baptist Association in 1791.","Worshippers first met under a brush arbor built near Green Spring, a plantation west of Williamsburg.  A white landowner named Robert F. Coles offered the congregation space in his carriage house on Nassau Street around 1776. This is where the congregation was located when they became a part of the Dover Baptist Association as the African Baptist Church. Membership to the Association lapsed and resumed several times between 1776 and 1828. 1828 saw the remodeling of the carriage house to accommodate a growing congregation. After several rebellions against slavery across the country, including one led by Nat Turner in Southampton, Virginia, the Virginia House of Delegates passed an act on March 15, 1832 that required white pastors to lead Black religious organizations. As a result, the membership rolls decreased by nearly half. On Friday, April 14, 1834, a tornado destroyed the remodeled 1828 church building. The congregation moved to worship at the white Zion Baptist Church. In May 1856, the new African Baptist Church on Nassau street was dedicated.","During the Civil War, the church building was used as a hospital for Confederate soldiers until the Union army took the city. Soon after in 1863, the congregation regained control of the building and changed the name to The First Baptist Church of Williamsburg. The Philadelphia Friends Freedman's Association established a school in the church that same year, which flourished until the establishment of free public schools in 1870. After the Civil War, the requirement for a white pastor was removed and the congregation was able to choose their own leadership.","1871 saw an additional expansion of the church ground by thirty-five feet of land to the south side. In 1886, the church's womens' auxiliary committee raised funds to add a fence, a belfry and bell, a woodhouse, and in 1887, another twenty feet of land was purchased. A building committee was formed, and the structure was renovated with the side galleries removed in 1893. A fire damaged the building in 1930, but was repaired within a year. An annex was planned to be built in 1953, however, that same year Colonial Williamsburg offered $130,000 as well as a larger plot of land on Scotland street to purchase the church building on Nassau street. In August 18, 1954, the church trustees agreed to the deal. Attorney Lewis Armistead oversaw the legal proceedings while Bernard B. Spiegel was hired as the architect of the new church on Scotland Street. The church was completed in late 1956. Colonial Williamsburg demolished the Nassau street building in 1956 and constructed a parking lot.","In the spring of 1984, the coordinator of James City County's 350th Anniversary, Mrs. Robinette Fitzsimmons, requested that church members allow visitors to tour the church, view artifacts, and listen to history lessons. That request led to the creation of the Church Historian Position, and Miss. Marie Sheppard was appointed. Sheppard agreed to Colonial Williamsburg's request with the stipulation that a history book be jointly created and requested that Colonial Williamsburg restore the Nassau street church. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation agreed, but on the condition that the 1818 version be restored instead of the 1856 church building that was demolished. The Lilly Foundation provided a grant of $74,000 for an exhibition on the history of First Baptist Church, and it opened to the public in 2003. In 2020, Colonial Williamsburg began archaeological excavations of the original church site, and in 2021 discovered evidence of human remains. Currently, the church burial grounds are undergoing further research.","This collection is formed of materials created by the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, dating from the mid-1800s to the present day. Inculded in this collection are church records such as member rolls, meeting minutes, photographs, bibles, building blueprints, and audio visual materials.","This series contains meeting minute books, church records, and committee information related to the operation of the First Baptist Church.","A Sunday School record book from 1974-1975. Contains collection reports, attendance records, and meeting notes. The cover is red and black patterned with gold lettering, and has two green with white lettering stickers spelling out \"First Baptist Sunday School.\"","A Sunday School record book from 1975-1976. Contains collection reports, attendance records, and meeting notes. The cover is light brown, and has gold lettering with the word \"Record\" enscribed on the top right.","A check register with papers from 1942-1946. Contains dated financial information along with a group of un-folded brochures from the Church's 205th Anniversary. The register is a brown binder whose cover is separating from the spine. The cover is embossed with the Peninsula Bank and Trust Co. logo.","A minute book with typed entries from 1979-1986. Contains meeting notes from several church committees, as well as budget numbers. Bound in burgundy pleather with \"National\" stamped on the spine. The spine contains a yellow note taped to it with the entry date range.","A minute book with handwritten entries from 1951-1974. Contains meeting notes and budget calculations. The binding is missing a spine, the cover is black with red corners. Inside the book, the first page from the manufacturer reads \"Account Book, No. S64.\"","A record book spanning from 1926 to 1969. This book has various loose objects sandwiched between the pages, including grocery lists, receipts, and dated notes. The contents of the book's pages feature member information, baptism and death dates. These records are followed by church meeting notes, which include information on the collection numbers, membership, leadership decisions, and the actions of various committees.","A record book that spans from 1865 to 1871. The book features member information, including baptism and death dates. These records are followed by church meeting notes, which include information on the collection numbers, membership, leadership decisions, and the actions of various committees.","Meeting minutes book housed in a tan hard case, spine reads \"First Baptist Church Meeting Minutes August 1, 1887 - March 1895+,\" includes a loose letter and a conservation note.","A church minute book bound in red, the spine reads \"First Baptist Church Minutes Book 4, 1897-1922.\"","A church minute book bound in brown leather, spine reads \"First Baptist Church 1891-1950,\" a yellow note accompanies the book and reads \"Church Minutes 1879 (1893) 1950.\"","Church financial notes and records.","Two newspaper clippings and a brochure titled \"First Africans: Angela.\"","Typed meeting minutes.","A 3 inch by 2 inch sized booklet with ledger notations inside.","A stapled packet of church information created to celebrate the 226th first baptist church anniversary.","Document entitled, \"constitution and Bylaws for a baptist church.\" It contains handwritten corrections.","Nomination charts, agendas, trustee responibilites, and evaulation forms.","A dark yellow/gold packing list from Etherington Conservation Services for the convervation work done on \"Minute Book #3.\"","A group of letters and other correspondence that was held in the front binder pocket of the 1954 - 1991 Trustee Book.","Documents pertaining to the First Baptist Church that were orginally held in the front pocket of the Department of Historic Resources Historical Marker Application Binder. Also contains sign mock-ups and blueprints of the church building.","Member Register book, reads \"Church Records #9,1927\" on spine, bound in red cloth fraying at the edges, actual dates 1927-1938.","Church member records. The red, marble-bound book is labeled \"FBC Minutes 1875 Deacon /minutes September 1885,\" actual dates are 1875-1912.","A Minutes of the Deacons book, 1884-1893, in a tan hard case, book bound in red wavy marble pattern with red leather spine.","A deacon's committee meeting minutes book in a dark brown hard case, book itself is bound with a green tinted wavy marble pattern cover, spine reads \"Church Minute Book 7,\" dates 1866-1872.","A binder and 78 photographs of the First Baptist Church.","The binder contains scans of the 1956 church blueprints which are restricted. There is also a property record card, which contains land valuation assessments, items are restricted.","The binder also includes a mock-up for signs from Scotty Signs, bill of sale, a timeline of the application for the Virginia Landmarks Register, an application for the National Register of Historic Places, a copy of the application form for the landmark recognition, article clippings, Department of Historic Resources agenda, nomination for consideration to the national and state registries,and an architecture evaluation.","A binder containing meeting minutes and trustee documents.","A record book with a blue cover that contains diaconate records and meeting notes.","Five photograph albums and one binder from the Department of Historic Resources in Virginia.","Undated photographs and one dated choir photograph with identifcation list from 1957. This folder also houses a two page exhibition banner chart.","Photos of First Baptist Church originally housed in the Department of Historic Resources binder. Predominantly photographs showcasing the Scotland St. building.","There are three bibles in the collection. One physical object and two digital scans. There are also scans of one hymnal book.","Original is a 5\"x3 1/4\" inch bible from 1844 with handwritten notes","The bible was published in 1852 by E.T. Day, and contains a foreword. The family record section has handwritten notes, the last name \"Dunlop\" appears several times.","Cary Family Bible is a scanned copy of the covers and pages with family records and genealogy. The Bible was passed down to Alvene Patterson Conyers.","King's Message hymnal book containing church programs and patron names from around 1978-1981","Seven pages found tucked within the 1852 Bible. Two of the loose pages are titled \"Family Record\", and have handwritten notes under the headings of \"Marriages,\" \"Births,\" and \"Deaths.\" The other five loose pages are from Matthew, chapter ten through eighteen.","Oral history recordings, and three CDs.","Deacon James Baker and Marie Shepard's walking interview, July 11, 1988, followed by the third group history project interview at Ms. Julia Boyce's.","6 DVD-Rs. One is titled \"FBC Maps,\" 4 are labeled \"for DHR\" likely referring to the Department of Historic Resources, and another labeled \"National Register Nomination Materials.\" The DVD labeled \"National Register...\" is from the College of William \u0026 Mary Center for Archeological Research.","A series of architectural drawings and specifications sheets from construction performed for the First Baptist Church in 1956. They are labeled out of a series of 19. These blueprints contain specification (spec) sheets, that provide descritions of building terms, contract expectations, and materials that will be used during construction. There is also a spiral bound booklet of plans for a \"Museum Addition and Renovation Proposal\" dated June 18th, 2001.","The blueprints are restricted.","A contract for the construction of the First Baptist Church to be located at Scotland Street. Fragile.","A series of architectural drawings and specifications sheets from construction preformed for the First Baptist Church in 1956. Seven of the blueprints are large 2 x 3 feet renderings. They are labeled out of a series of 19, this group includes pages 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 16, and 19. With these blueprints are 6 specification (spec) sheets. The specification sheets provide information for building terms, contract expectations, and materials that will be used during construction.","This is the second half of the set of blueprints from 1954. The pages are numbered from 1 to 19, and this group contains numbers 10, 8, 11, 13, 18, 5, 12, 4, 14, 17, 15.","A 42 page index describing materials and work terms for the construction of the First Baptist Church on Scotland Street in 1954. Restricted.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church.","Due to the fragility of this item, it is recommended that a staff member assist any researchers when viewing.","This item is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg.","Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["First Baptist Church collection, 1866/2017"],"collection_ssim":["First Baptist Church collection, 1866/2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00341","/repositories/2/resources/9602"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00341","/repositories/2/resources/9602"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","United States -- Religion -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"creator_ssim":["First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church."],"acqinfo_ssim":["On extended loan from the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Baptist Church--Virginia--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Religion and culture","African Americans--Religion"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Baptist Church--Virginia--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Religion and culture","African Americans--Religion"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16.7 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["16.7 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eViewing Series V is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eItem are restricted.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Viewing Series V is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg.","Item are restricted."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into five series. Series I, Administrative Papers; which holds documents related to the oganization and operation of the church such as meeting minutes, notes, member registers, ledgers, and bylaws. Series II, Photographs; contains images of, and pertaining to, the First Baptist Church. Series III, Bibles and Hymnals; Bibles and Hymnals either held by the church itself, or by church members. Series IV, Audiovisual Materials; CDs, audio recordings, and oral histories. And Series V, Blueprints; blueprints of the 1956 church building, as well as other documents pertaining to the construction process.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into five series. Series I, Administrative Papers; which holds documents related to the oganization and operation of the church such as meeting minutes, notes, member registers, ledgers, and bylaws. Series II, Photographs; contains images of, and pertaining to, the First Baptist Church. Series III, Bibles and Hymnals; Bibles and Hymnals either held by the church itself, or by church members. Series IV, Audiovisual Materials; CDs, audio recordings, and oral histories. And Series V, Blueprints; blueprints of the 1956 church building, as well as other documents pertaining to the construction process."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe history of the First Baptist Church (FBC) can be traced to 1776 when a group of free and enslaved Black people began publicly worshiping after the constraints of British Anglicanism was lifted in Virginia. The First Baptist Church claims to be the oldest continuously operating black congregation in the United States, as it was practicing prior to applying for admittance to the Dover Baptist Association in 1791. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWorshippers first met under a brush arbor built near Green Spring, a plantation west of Williamsburg.  A white landowner named Robert F. Coles offered the congregation space in his carriage house on Nassau Street around 1776. This is where the congregation was located when they became a part of the Dover Baptist Association as the African Baptist Church. Membership to the Association lapsed and resumed several times between 1776 and 1828. 1828 saw the remodeling of the carriage house to accommodate a growing congregation. After several rebellions against slavery across the country, including one led by Nat Turner in Southampton, Virginia, the Virginia House of Delegates passed an act on March 15, 1832 that required white pastors to lead Black religious organizations. As a result, the membership rolls decreased by nearly half. On Friday, April 14, 1834, a tornado destroyed the remodeled 1828 church building. The congregation moved to worship at the white Zion Baptist Church. In May 1856, the new African Baptist Church on Nassau street was dedicated. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War, the church building was used as a hospital for Confederate soldiers until the Union army took the city. Soon after in 1863, the congregation regained control of the building and changed the name to The First Baptist Church of Williamsburg. The Philadelphia Friends Freedman's Association established a school in the church that same year, which flourished until the establishment of free public schools in 1870. After the Civil War, the requirement for a white pastor was removed and the congregation was able to choose their own leadership. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1871 saw an additional expansion of the church ground by thirty-five feet of land to the south side. In 1886, the church's womens' auxiliary committee raised funds to add a fence, a belfry and bell, a woodhouse, and in 1887, another twenty feet of land was purchased. A building committee was formed, and the structure was renovated with the side galleries removed in 1893. A fire damaged the building in 1930, but was repaired within a year. An annex was planned to be built in 1953, however, that same year Colonial Williamsburg offered $130,000 as well as a larger plot of land on Scotland street to purchase the church building on Nassau street. In August 18, 1954, the church trustees agreed to the deal. Attorney Lewis Armistead oversaw the legal proceedings while Bernard B. Spiegel was hired as the architect of the new church on Scotland Street. The church was completed in late 1956. Colonial Williamsburg demolished the Nassau street building in 1956 and constructed a parking lot. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the spring of 1984, the coordinator of James City County's 350th Anniversary, Mrs. Robinette Fitzsimmons, requested that church members allow visitors to tour the church, view artifacts, and listen to history lessons. That request led to the creation of the Church Historian Position, and Miss. Marie Sheppard was appointed. Sheppard agreed to Colonial Williamsburg's request with the stipulation that a history book be jointly created and requested that Colonial Williamsburg restore the Nassau street church. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation agreed, but on the condition that the 1818 version be restored instead of the 1856 church building that was demolished. The Lilly Foundation provided a grant of $74,000 for an exhibition on the history of First Baptist Church, and it opened to the public in 2003. In 2020, Colonial Williamsburg began archaeological excavations of the original church site, and in 2021 discovered evidence of human remains. Currently, the church burial grounds are undergoing further research. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The history of the First Baptist Church (FBC) can be traced to 1776 when a group of free and enslaved Black people began publicly worshiping after the constraints of British Anglicanism was lifted in Virginia. The First Baptist Church claims to be the oldest continuously operating black congregation in the United States, as it was practicing prior to applying for admittance to the Dover Baptist Association in 1791.","Worshippers first met under a brush arbor built near Green Spring, a plantation west of Williamsburg.  A white landowner named Robert F. Coles offered the congregation space in his carriage house on Nassau Street around 1776. This is where the congregation was located when they became a part of the Dover Baptist Association as the African Baptist Church. Membership to the Association lapsed and resumed several times between 1776 and 1828. 1828 saw the remodeling of the carriage house to accommodate a growing congregation. After several rebellions against slavery across the country, including one led by Nat Turner in Southampton, Virginia, the Virginia House of Delegates passed an act on March 15, 1832 that required white pastors to lead Black religious organizations. As a result, the membership rolls decreased by nearly half. On Friday, April 14, 1834, a tornado destroyed the remodeled 1828 church building. The congregation moved to worship at the white Zion Baptist Church. In May 1856, the new African Baptist Church on Nassau street was dedicated.","During the Civil War, the church building was used as a hospital for Confederate soldiers until the Union army took the city. Soon after in 1863, the congregation regained control of the building and changed the name to The First Baptist Church of Williamsburg. The Philadelphia Friends Freedman's Association established a school in the church that same year, which flourished until the establishment of free public schools in 1870. After the Civil War, the requirement for a white pastor was removed and the congregation was able to choose their own leadership.","1871 saw an additional expansion of the church ground by thirty-five feet of land to the south side. In 1886, the church's womens' auxiliary committee raised funds to add a fence, a belfry and bell, a woodhouse, and in 1887, another twenty feet of land was purchased. A building committee was formed, and the structure was renovated with the side galleries removed in 1893. A fire damaged the building in 1930, but was repaired within a year. An annex was planned to be built in 1953, however, that same year Colonial Williamsburg offered $130,000 as well as a larger plot of land on Scotland street to purchase the church building on Nassau street. In August 18, 1954, the church trustees agreed to the deal. Attorney Lewis Armistead oversaw the legal proceedings while Bernard B. Spiegel was hired as the architect of the new church on Scotland Street. The church was completed in late 1956. Colonial Williamsburg demolished the Nassau street building in 1956 and constructed a parking lot.","In the spring of 1984, the coordinator of James City County's 350th Anniversary, Mrs. Robinette Fitzsimmons, requested that church members allow visitors to tour the church, view artifacts, and listen to history lessons. That request led to the creation of the Church Historian Position, and Miss. Marie Sheppard was appointed. Sheppard agreed to Colonial Williamsburg's request with the stipulation that a history book be jointly created and requested that Colonial Williamsburg restore the Nassau street church. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation agreed, but on the condition that the 1818 version be restored instead of the 1856 church building that was demolished. The Lilly Foundation provided a grant of $74,000 for an exhibition on the history of First Baptist Church, and it opened to the public in 2003. In 2020, Colonial Williamsburg began archaeological excavations of the original church site, and in 2021 discovered evidence of human remains. Currently, the church burial grounds are undergoing further research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFirst Baptist Church Collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["First Baptist Church Collection, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is formed of materials created by the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, dating from the mid-1800s to the present day. Inculded in this collection are church records such as member rolls, meeting minutes, photographs, bibles, building blueprints, and audio visual materials.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains meeting minute books, church records, and committee information related to the operation of the First Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Sunday School record book from 1974-1975. Contains collection reports, attendance records, and meeting notes. The cover is red and black patterned with gold lettering, and has two green with white lettering stickers spelling out \"First Baptist Sunday School.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Sunday School record book from 1975-1976. Contains collection reports, attendance records, and meeting notes. The cover is light brown, and has gold lettering with the word \"Record\" enscribed on the top right.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA check register with papers from 1942-1946. Contains dated financial information along with a group of un-folded brochures from the Church's 205th Anniversary. The register is a brown binder whose cover is separating from the spine. The cover is embossed with the Peninsula Bank and Trust Co. logo.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA minute book with typed entries from 1979-1986. Contains meeting notes from several church committees, as well as budget numbers. Bound in burgundy pleather with \"National\" stamped on the spine. The spine contains a yellow note taped to it with the entry date range.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA minute book with handwritten entries from 1951-1974. Contains meeting notes and budget calculations. The binding is missing a spine, the cover is black with red corners. Inside the book, the first page from the manufacturer reads \"Account Book, No. S64.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA record book spanning from 1926 to 1969. This book has various loose objects sandwiched between the pages, including grocery lists, receipts, and dated notes. The contents of the book's pages feature member information, baptism and death dates. These records are followed by church meeting notes, which include information on the collection numbers, membership, leadership decisions, and the actions of various committees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA record book that spans from 1865 to 1871. The book features member information, including baptism and death dates. These records are followed by church meeting notes, which include information on the collection numbers, membership, leadership decisions, and the actions of various committees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMeeting minutes book housed in a tan hard case, spine reads \"First Baptist Church Meeting Minutes August 1, 1887 - March 1895+,\" includes a loose letter and a conservation note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA church minute book bound in red, the spine reads \"First Baptist Church Minutes Book 4, 1897-1922.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA church minute book bound in brown leather, spine reads \"First Baptist Church 1891-1950,\" a yellow note accompanies the book and reads \"Church Minutes 1879 (1893) 1950.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChurch financial notes and records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo newspaper clippings and a brochure titled \"First Africans: Angela.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyped meeting minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA 3 inch by 2 inch sized booklet with ledger notations inside.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA stapled packet of church information created to celebrate the 226th first baptist church anniversary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument entitled, \"constitution and Bylaws for a baptist church.\" It contains handwritten corrections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNomination charts, agendas, trustee responibilites, and evaulation forms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA dark yellow/gold packing list from Etherington Conservation Services for the convervation work done on \"Minute Book #3.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA group of letters and other correspondence that was held in the front binder pocket of the 1954 - 1991 Trustee Book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments pertaining to the First Baptist Church that were orginally held in the front pocket of the Department of Historic Resources Historical Marker Application Binder. Also contains sign mock-ups and blueprints of the church building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMember Register book, reads \"Church Records #9,1927\" on spine, bound in red cloth fraying at the edges, actual dates 1927-1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChurch member records. The red, marble-bound book is labeled \"FBC Minutes 1875 Deacon /minutes September 1885,\" actual dates are 1875-1912.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Minutes of the Deacons book, 1884-1893, in a tan hard case, book bound in red wavy marble pattern with red leather spine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA deacon's committee meeting minutes book in a dark brown hard case, book itself is bound with a green tinted wavy marble pattern cover, spine reads \"Church Minute Book 7,\" dates 1866-1872.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA binder and 78 photographs of the First Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe binder contains scans of the 1956 church blueprints which are restricted. There is also a property record card, which contains land valuation assessments, items are restricted. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe binder also includes a mock-up for signs from Scotty Signs, bill of sale, a timeline of the application for the Virginia Landmarks Register, an application for the National Register of Historic Places, a copy of the application form for the landmark recognition, article clippings, Department of Historic Resources agenda, nomination for consideration to the national and state registries,and an architecture evaluation. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA binder containing meeting minutes and trustee documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA record book with a blue cover that contains diaconate records and meeting notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive photograph albums and one binder from the Department of Historic Resources in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUndated photographs and one dated choir photograph with identifcation list from 1957. This folder also houses a two page exhibition banner chart.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotos of First Baptist Church originally housed in the Department of Historic Resources binder. Predominantly photographs showcasing the Scotland St. building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are three bibles in the collection. One physical object and two digital scans. There are also scans of one hymnal book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal is a 5\"x3 1/4\" inch bible from 1844 with handwritten notes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bible was published in 1852 by E.T. Day, and contains a foreword. The family record section has handwritten notes, the last name \"Dunlop\" appears several times.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCary Family Bible is a scanned copy of the covers and pages with family records and genealogy. The Bible was passed down to Alvene Patterson Conyers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKing's Message hymnal book containing church programs and patron names from around 1978-1981\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeven pages found tucked within the 1852 Bible. Two of the loose pages are titled \"Family Record\", and have handwritten notes under the headings of \"Marriages,\" \"Births,\" and \"Deaths.\" The other five loose pages are from Matthew, chapter ten through eighteen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOral history recordings, and three CDs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeacon James Baker and Marie Shepard's walking interview, July 11, 1988, followed by the third group history project interview at Ms. Julia Boyce's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 DVD-Rs. One is titled \"FBC Maps,\" 4 are labeled \"for DHR\" likely referring to the Department of Historic Resources, and another labeled \"National Register Nomination Materials.\" The DVD labeled \"National Register...\" is from the College of William \u0026amp; Mary Center for Archeological Research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of architectural drawings and specifications sheets from construction performed for the First Baptist Church in 1956. They are labeled out of a series of 19. These blueprints contain specification (spec) sheets, that provide descritions of building terms, contract expectations, and materials that will be used during construction. There is also a spiral bound booklet of plans for a \"Museum Addition and Renovation Proposal\" dated June 18th, 2001. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe blueprints are restricted. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA contract for the construction of the First Baptist Church to be located at Scotland Street. Fragile.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA series of architectural drawings and specifications sheets from construction preformed for the First Baptist Church in 1956. Seven of the blueprints are large 2 x 3 feet renderings. They are labeled out of a series of 19, this group includes pages 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 16, and 19. With these blueprints are 6 specification (spec) sheets. The specification sheets provide information for building terms, contract expectations, and materials that will be used during construction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is the second half of the set of blueprints from 1954. The pages are numbered from 1 to 19, and this group contains numbers 10, 8, 11, 13, 18, 5, 12, 4, 14, 17, 15.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA 42 page index describing materials and work terms for the construction of the First Baptist Church on Scotland Street in 1954. Restricted.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is formed of materials created by the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, dating from the mid-1800s to the present day. Inculded in this collection are church records such as member rolls, meeting minutes, photographs, bibles, building blueprints, and audio visual materials.","This series contains meeting minute books, church records, and committee information related to the operation of the First Baptist Church.","A Sunday School record book from 1974-1975. Contains collection reports, attendance records, and meeting notes. The cover is red and black patterned with gold lettering, and has two green with white lettering stickers spelling out \"First Baptist Sunday School.\"","A Sunday School record book from 1975-1976. Contains collection reports, attendance records, and meeting notes. The cover is light brown, and has gold lettering with the word \"Record\" enscribed on the top right.","A check register with papers from 1942-1946. Contains dated financial information along with a group of un-folded brochures from the Church's 205th Anniversary. The register is a brown binder whose cover is separating from the spine. The cover is embossed with the Peninsula Bank and Trust Co. logo.","A minute book with typed entries from 1979-1986. Contains meeting notes from several church committees, as well as budget numbers. Bound in burgundy pleather with \"National\" stamped on the spine. The spine contains a yellow note taped to it with the entry date range.","A minute book with handwritten entries from 1951-1974. Contains meeting notes and budget calculations. The binding is missing a spine, the cover is black with red corners. Inside the book, the first page from the manufacturer reads \"Account Book, No. S64.\"","A record book spanning from 1926 to 1969. This book has various loose objects sandwiched between the pages, including grocery lists, receipts, and dated notes. The contents of the book's pages feature member information, baptism and death dates. These records are followed by church meeting notes, which include information on the collection numbers, membership, leadership decisions, and the actions of various committees.","A record book that spans from 1865 to 1871. The book features member information, including baptism and death dates. These records are followed by church meeting notes, which include information on the collection numbers, membership, leadership decisions, and the actions of various committees.","Meeting minutes book housed in a tan hard case, spine reads \"First Baptist Church Meeting Minutes August 1, 1887 - March 1895+,\" includes a loose letter and a conservation note.","A church minute book bound in red, the spine reads \"First Baptist Church Minutes Book 4, 1897-1922.\"","A church minute book bound in brown leather, spine reads \"First Baptist Church 1891-1950,\" a yellow note accompanies the book and reads \"Church Minutes 1879 (1893) 1950.\"","Church financial notes and records.","Two newspaper clippings and a brochure titled \"First Africans: Angela.\"","Typed meeting minutes.","A 3 inch by 2 inch sized booklet with ledger notations inside.","A stapled packet of church information created to celebrate the 226th first baptist church anniversary.","Document entitled, \"constitution and Bylaws for a baptist church.\" It contains handwritten corrections.","Nomination charts, agendas, trustee responibilites, and evaulation forms.","A dark yellow/gold packing list from Etherington Conservation Services for the convervation work done on \"Minute Book #3.\"","A group of letters and other correspondence that was held in the front binder pocket of the 1954 - 1991 Trustee Book.","Documents pertaining to the First Baptist Church that were orginally held in the front pocket of the Department of Historic Resources Historical Marker Application Binder. Also contains sign mock-ups and blueprints of the church building.","Member Register book, reads \"Church Records #9,1927\" on spine, bound in red cloth fraying at the edges, actual dates 1927-1938.","Church member records. The red, marble-bound book is labeled \"FBC Minutes 1875 Deacon /minutes September 1885,\" actual dates are 1875-1912.","A Minutes of the Deacons book, 1884-1893, in a tan hard case, book bound in red wavy marble pattern with red leather spine.","A deacon's committee meeting minutes book in a dark brown hard case, book itself is bound with a green tinted wavy marble pattern cover, spine reads \"Church Minute Book 7,\" dates 1866-1872.","A binder and 78 photographs of the First Baptist Church.","The binder contains scans of the 1956 church blueprints which are restricted. There is also a property record card, which contains land valuation assessments, items are restricted.","The binder also includes a mock-up for signs from Scotty Signs, bill of sale, a timeline of the application for the Virginia Landmarks Register, an application for the National Register of Historic Places, a copy of the application form for the landmark recognition, article clippings, Department of Historic Resources agenda, nomination for consideration to the national and state registries,and an architecture evaluation.","A binder containing meeting minutes and trustee documents.","A record book with a blue cover that contains diaconate records and meeting notes.","Five photograph albums and one binder from the Department of Historic Resources in Virginia.","Undated photographs and one dated choir photograph with identifcation list from 1957. This folder also houses a two page exhibition banner chart.","Photos of First Baptist Church originally housed in the Department of Historic Resources binder. Predominantly photographs showcasing the Scotland St. building.","There are three bibles in the collection. One physical object and two digital scans. There are also scans of one hymnal book.","Original is a 5\"x3 1/4\" inch bible from 1844 with handwritten notes","The bible was published in 1852 by E.T. Day, and contains a foreword. The family record section has handwritten notes, the last name \"Dunlop\" appears several times.","Cary Family Bible is a scanned copy of the covers and pages with family records and genealogy. The Bible was passed down to Alvene Patterson Conyers.","King's Message hymnal book containing church programs and patron names from around 1978-1981","Seven pages found tucked within the 1852 Bible. Two of the loose pages are titled \"Family Record\", and have handwritten notes under the headings of \"Marriages,\" \"Births,\" and \"Deaths.\" The other five loose pages are from Matthew, chapter ten through eighteen.","Oral history recordings, and three CDs.","Deacon James Baker and Marie Shepard's walking interview, July 11, 1988, followed by the third group history project interview at Ms. Julia Boyce's.","6 DVD-Rs. One is titled \"FBC Maps,\" 4 are labeled \"for DHR\" likely referring to the Department of Historic Resources, and another labeled \"National Register Nomination Materials.\" The DVD labeled \"National Register...\" is from the College of William \u0026 Mary Center for Archeological Research.","A series of architectural drawings and specifications sheets from construction performed for the First Baptist Church in 1956. They are labeled out of a series of 19. These blueprints contain specification (spec) sheets, that provide descritions of building terms, contract expectations, and materials that will be used during construction. There is also a spiral bound booklet of plans for a \"Museum Addition and Renovation Proposal\" dated June 18th, 2001.","The blueprints are restricted.","A contract for the construction of the First Baptist Church to be located at Scotland Street. Fragile.","A series of architectural drawings and specifications sheets from construction preformed for the First Baptist Church in 1956. Seven of the blueprints are large 2 x 3 feet renderings. They are labeled out of a series of 19, this group includes pages 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 16, and 19. With these blueprints are 6 specification (spec) sheets. The specification sheets provide information for building terms, contract expectations, and materials that will be used during construction.","This is the second half of the set of blueprints from 1954. The pages are numbered from 1 to 19, and this group contains numbers 10, 8, 11, 13, 18, 5, 12, 4, 14, 17, 15.","A 42 page index describing materials and work terms for the construction of the First Baptist Church on Scotland Street in 1954. Restricted."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eDue to the fragility of this item, it is recommended that a staff member assist any researchers when viewing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis item is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from The First Baptist Church.","Due to the fragility of this item, it is recommended that a staff member assist any researchers when viewing.","This item is restricted to members of the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","First Baptist Church of Williamsburg"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":75,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:49:58.131Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9602"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9873","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"George P. Mell Family letters, 1942/1946","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9873#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Barranger \u0026 Company, Inc.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9873#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCollection contains letters addressed to a George P. Mell during his naval career in World War II. Letters arrive from his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Mell, as well as pastor Evan D. Welch \u0026amp; other family members.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9873#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9873","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9873","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9873","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9873","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9873.xml","title_filing_ssi":"George P. Mell Family letters","title_ssm":["George P. Mell Family letters"],"title_tesim":["George P. Mell Family letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George P. Mell Family letters, 1942/1946"],"text":["George P. Mell Family letters, 1942/1946","SC 01912","/repositories/2/resources/9873","World War, 1939-1945","United States. Navy","United States. Navy--History--World War, 1939-1945","Religion and culture","Christian life--United States","Correspondence","Letters (correspondence)","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Collection contains one series and is arranged by file: Series I. Correspondence.","Collection contains letters addressed to a George P. Mell during his naval career in World War II. Letters arrive from his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Mell, as well as pastor Evan D. Welch \u0026 other family members.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Barranger \u0026 Company, Inc.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["George P. Mell Family letters, 1942/1946"],"collection_ssim":["George P. 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Hoskins papers, 1839/1868, bulk 1845/1860","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1885#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hoskins, Helen M.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1885#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains correspondence, receipts, poems, and other material concerning Helen M. Hoskins and her family of Sheffield, Massachusetts. Most of the correspondence is between Helen and her mother, Sabra Hoskins, but also includes letters written by Helen's husband, H.T. Wheeler, her son, Horace Wheeler, siblings, numerous cousins, and friends. Included in the collection are poems, compositions, and other ephemera related to Helen's time as a teacher at female academies in Maryland, (Patapsco Institute), Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Mississippi, and Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1885#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1885","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1885","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1885","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1885","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1885.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hoskins, Helen M., Papers","title_ssm":["Helen M. Hoskins papers"],"title_tesim":["Helen M. Hoskins papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1839-1868","1845-1860"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1839-1868"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1845-1860"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1839/1868, bulk 1845/1860"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Helen M. Hoskins papers, 1839/1868, bulk 1845/1860"],"text":["Helen M. Hoskins papers, 1839/1868, bulk 1845/1860","Mss. Acc. 2013.226","/repositories/2/resources/1885","African Americans--Religion","Hampton (Va.)--History--19th century","Presidents--United States--Election--1848","Religion and culture","Slavery--Virginia--18th century","Slaves--Virginia--Social conditions","United States--History--Mexican War, 1845-1848","Women--Education--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social life and customs","Correspondence","Printed ephemera","Receipts (financial records)","Collection is open to all researchers.","This collection is arranged into two series, correspondence and ephemera. The correspondences are arranged chronologically by author and recipient, and the ephemera is arranged chronologically.","The fragile nature of this material may limit handling.","Accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2013.","Mary Lou Yancey Autograph Album (MsV Auto13).","The collection contains correspondence, receipts, poems, and other material concerning Helen M. Hoskins and her family of Sheffield, Massachusetts. Most of the correspondence is between Helen and her mother, Sabra Hoskins, but also includes letters written by Helen's husband, H.T. Wheeler, her son, Horace Wheeler, siblings, numerous cousins, and friends. Included in the collection are poems, compositions, and other ephemera related to Helen's time as a teacher at female academies in Maryland, (Patapsco Institute), Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Mississippi, and Ohio.","Some of the topics covered in the papers include the 1848 U.S. Presidential Election, The Mexican-American War, slave uprisings in Hampton, Virginia, the education of women, benevolence societies, Sunday school, social comparisons between the north and south, the Know Nothing movement, and outbreaks of various diseases including cholera, yellow fever, dysentary, and small pox in Virginia in the 1840s and 1850s, as well as diseases common to young children and the prevalence of influenza and bilious fever. Folder includes 50 letters and 2 undated letter fragments.","Located in Ohio. Topics include the distinction of states as loyal and in rebellion, the appearance of rebel leader John Morgan in southern Ohio in the summer of 1863 and the northern response, the disruption of daily activities including mail services due to the civil war, reference to the riots in New York in regards to the draft, the 100th anniversary of the Methodist church in England and America. Helen and her husband are often ill, and Helen speaks frequently of homeopathic and plant-based medicinal practices. Includes 21 letters and 1 undated letter fragment.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her nephew L. Curtis. Topics include the death of two students of typhus fever at Hamilton College, the dismissal of the student body, and religious philosophy. 2 letters.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her niece and nephew. They write their separate letters on the same paper. They discuss life on their rural farm and births, deaths, and weddings in their family. 2 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from Helen's husband. Topics include what he perceives as Sabra's mistreatment of Helen, the possibility of her moving in with them, and the provision and management of her finances. 3 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from Helen's son, Horace. Topics include his daily activities, drawings, his parents' health, and his reluctance to write letters. 3 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her granddaughter, Mary. Mary writes about her parents and siblings, the birth of her sister, her studies in school, and the activities of their church. 2 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from family members and friends writing about their daily lives and Helen's future teacher, L. Kellogg, on her tuition fees. 7 items.","Includes a letter to a probate judge asking if she, Sabra, could own retain land willed to her from her father and a letter requesting the delivery of groceries. 2 items.","Letters to Helen Hoskins from her mother. Letters include discussion of daily life in Sheffield, Massachusetts, especially the happenings of the church, references to religious revivalism, the 1860 census, the 1860 election, and the declaration of Civil War. 24 items. Letter dated January 13, 1859 included a small scrap of linen. The fabric is referenced in the letter. It has been removed and placed in the Manuscripts Artifacts Collection (Mss 2013.226.01).","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from either a childhood friend or cousin. Contents include frequent references to religion, references to an argument and subsequent falling out of the two friends, and discussion of the duties of a housewife. 5 items.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend. The contents are centered on religion. 2 items.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from her cousin. The letters discuss their daily lives, families, and religious devotion.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend in Hampton, Virginia. Letters discuss their lives and the lives of acquaintances in Hampton. Helen's future husband, H.T. Wheeler is first mentioned in these letters. 2 items.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend. Contents include discussions on their family and acquaintances. 4 items.","Letters to Helen from various friends, family, and acquaitances. Contents include a letter from her husband, H.T. Wheeler, written on the back of a pamphlet for the Morris Female Institute listing \"H.T. Wheeler, A.M. and Lady\" as principals and an apology letter from one of Helen's students. 12 items.","Letters to Franklin Hoskins, Helen's brother, from a friend. They discuss their family, daily lives, and, particularly, the illnesses that they frequently encounter. 2 items.","Letters to various Hoskins family members primarily from other Hoskins family members. 4 items.","Letter from H.T. Wheeler, husband of Helen M. Hoskins, to their son, Horace. The letter discusses the weather in Tuskegee, Alabama, and includes the first commandment written in Hebrew. 1 item.","Content refer heavily to previous correspondences. Given the date, author, recipient, and contents, it is unlikely that this letter belongs with the rest of the Helen M. Hoskins papers. 1 item","Ephemera related to the Hoskins family. Includes Asa Hoskins's, husband of Sabra C. Hoskins and father of Helen M. Hoskins, appointment to lieutenant in the Massachusetts militia in 1818, an account book to a local grocery store, drawings, poems, prayers, and song lyrics, and a sewing sample that has been relocated to the Manuscripts Artifacts Collection (Mss 2013.226.02).","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Hoskins, Helen M.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Helen M. Hoskins papers, 1839/1868, bulk 1845/1860"],"collection_ssim":["Helen M. Hoskins papers, 1839/1868, bulk 1845/1860"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. Acc. 2013.226","/repositories/2/resources/1885"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2013.226","/repositories/2/resources/1885"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Hoskins, Helen M."],"creator_ssim":["Hoskins, Helen M."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hoskins, Helen M."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Hoskins, Helen M.","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2013.226 was received by Special Collections via U.S.P.S. on 8/14/2013. The collection was purchased for Swem Library with support from the Clarice Garrison Quasi Endowment."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Religion","Hampton (Va.)--History--19th century","Presidents--United States--Election--1848","Religion and culture","Slavery--Virginia--18th century","Slaves--Virginia--Social conditions","United States--History--Mexican War, 1845-1848","Women--Education--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social life and customs","Correspondence","Printed ephemera","Receipts (financial records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Religion","Hampton (Va.)--History--19th century","Presidents--United States--Election--1848","Religion and culture","Slavery--Virginia--18th century","Slaves--Virginia--Social conditions","United States--History--Mexican War, 1845-1848","Women--Education--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social life and customs","Correspondence","Printed ephemera","Receipts (financial records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.20 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.20 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Printed ephemera","Receipts (financial records)"],"date_range_isim":[1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into two series, correspondence and ephemera. The correspondences are arranged chronologically by author and recipient, and the ephemera is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into two series, correspondence and ephemera. The correspondences are arranged chronologically by author and recipient, and the ephemera is arranged chronologically."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe fragile nature of this material may limit handling.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics or Technical Requirements:"],"phystech_tesim":["The fragile nature of this material may limit handling."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHelen M. Hoskins Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Helen M. Hoskins Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2013.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Lou Yancey Autograph Album (MsV Auto13).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Mary Lou Yancey Autograph Album (MsV Auto13)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains correspondence, receipts, poems, and other material concerning Helen M. Hoskins and her family of Sheffield, Massachusetts. Most of the correspondence is between Helen and her mother, Sabra Hoskins, but also includes letters written by Helen's husband, H.T. Wheeler, her son, Horace Wheeler, siblings, numerous cousins, and friends. Included in the collection are poems, compositions, and other ephemera related to Helen's time as a teacher at female academies in Maryland, (Patapsco Institute), Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Mississippi, and Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSome of the topics covered in the papers include the 1848 U.S. Presidential Election, The Mexican-American War, slave uprisings in Hampton, Virginia, the education of women, benevolence societies, Sunday school, social comparisons between the north and south, the Know Nothing movement, and outbreaks of various diseases including cholera, yellow fever, dysentary, and small pox in Virginia in the 1840s and 1850s, as well as diseases common to young children and the prevalence of influenza and bilious fever. Folder includes 50 letters and 2 undated letter fragments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLocated in Ohio. Topics include the distinction of states as loyal and in rebellion, the appearance of rebel leader John Morgan in southern Ohio in the summer of 1863 and the northern response, the disruption of daily activities including mail services due to the civil war, reference to the riots in New York in regards to the draft, the 100th anniversary of the Methodist church in England and America. Helen and her husband are often ill, and Helen speaks frequently of homeopathic and plant-based medicinal practices. Includes 21 letters and 1 undated letter fragment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her nephew L. Curtis. Topics include the death of two students of typhus fever at Hamilton College, the dismissal of the student body, and religious philosophy. 2 letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her niece and nephew. They write their separate letters on the same paper. They discuss life on their rural farm and births, deaths, and weddings in their family. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Sabra C. Hoskins from Helen's husband. Topics include what he perceives as Sabra's mistreatment of Helen, the possibility of her moving in with them, and the provision and management of her finances. 3 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Sabra C. Hoskins from Helen's son, Horace. Topics include his daily activities, drawings, his parents' health, and his reluctance to write letters. 3 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her granddaughter, Mary. Mary writes about her parents and siblings, the birth of her sister, her studies in school, and the activities of their church. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Sabra C. Hoskins from family members and friends writing about their daily lives and Helen's future teacher, L. Kellogg, on her tuition fees. 7 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a letter to a probate judge asking if she, Sabra, could own retain land willed to her from her father and a letter requesting the delivery of groceries. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Helen Hoskins from her mother. Letters include discussion of daily life in Sheffield, Massachusetts, especially the happenings of the church, references to religious revivalism, the 1860 census, the 1860 election, and the declaration of Civil War. 24 items. Letter dated January 13, 1859 included a small scrap of linen. The fabric is referenced in the letter. It has been removed and placed in the Manuscripts Artifacts Collection (Mss 2013.226.01).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Helen M. Hoskins from either a childhood friend or cousin. Contents include frequent references to religion, references to an argument and subsequent falling out of the two friends, and discussion of the duties of a housewife. 5 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend. The contents are centered on religion. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Helen M. Hoskins from her cousin. The letters discuss their daily lives, families, and religious devotion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend in Hampton, Virginia. Letters discuss their lives and the lives of acquaintances in Hampton. Helen's future husband, H.T. Wheeler is first mentioned in these letters. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend. Contents include discussions on their family and acquaintances. 4 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Helen from various friends, family, and acquaitances. Contents include a letter from her husband, H.T. Wheeler, written on the back of a pamphlet for the Morris Female Institute listing \"H.T. Wheeler, A.M. and Lady\" as principals and an apology letter from one of Helen's students. 12 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Franklin Hoskins, Helen's brother, from a friend. They discuss their family, daily lives, and, particularly, the illnesses that they frequently encounter. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to various Hoskins family members primarily from other Hoskins family members. 4 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from H.T. Wheeler, husband of Helen M. Hoskins, to their son, Horace. The letter discusses the weather in Tuskegee, Alabama, and includes the first commandment written in Hebrew. 1 item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContent refer heavily to previous correspondences. Given the date, author, recipient, and contents, it is unlikely that this letter belongs with the rest of the Helen M. Hoskins papers. 1 item\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEphemera related to the Hoskins family. Includes Asa Hoskins's, husband of Sabra C. Hoskins and father of Helen M. Hoskins, appointment to lieutenant in the Massachusetts militia in 1818, an account book to a local grocery store, drawings, poems, prayers, and song lyrics, and a sewing sample that has been relocated to the Manuscripts Artifacts Collection (Mss 2013.226.02).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains correspondence, receipts, poems, and other material concerning Helen M. Hoskins and her family of Sheffield, Massachusetts. Most of the correspondence is between Helen and her mother, Sabra Hoskins, but also includes letters written by Helen's husband, H.T. Wheeler, her son, Horace Wheeler, siblings, numerous cousins, and friends. Included in the collection are poems, compositions, and other ephemera related to Helen's time as a teacher at female academies in Maryland, (Patapsco Institute), Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Mississippi, and Ohio.","Some of the topics covered in the papers include the 1848 U.S. Presidential Election, The Mexican-American War, slave uprisings in Hampton, Virginia, the education of women, benevolence societies, Sunday school, social comparisons between the north and south, the Know Nothing movement, and outbreaks of various diseases including cholera, yellow fever, dysentary, and small pox in Virginia in the 1840s and 1850s, as well as diseases common to young children and the prevalence of influenza and bilious fever. Folder includes 50 letters and 2 undated letter fragments.","Located in Ohio. Topics include the distinction of states as loyal and in rebellion, the appearance of rebel leader John Morgan in southern Ohio in the summer of 1863 and the northern response, the disruption of daily activities including mail services due to the civil war, reference to the riots in New York in regards to the draft, the 100th anniversary of the Methodist church in England and America. Helen and her husband are often ill, and Helen speaks frequently of homeopathic and plant-based medicinal practices. Includes 21 letters and 1 undated letter fragment.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her nephew L. Curtis. Topics include the death of two students of typhus fever at Hamilton College, the dismissal of the student body, and religious philosophy. 2 letters.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her niece and nephew. They write their separate letters on the same paper. They discuss life on their rural farm and births, deaths, and weddings in their family. 2 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from Helen's husband. Topics include what he perceives as Sabra's mistreatment of Helen, the possibility of her moving in with them, and the provision and management of her finances. 3 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from Helen's son, Horace. Topics include his daily activities, drawings, his parents' health, and his reluctance to write letters. 3 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her granddaughter, Mary. Mary writes about her parents and siblings, the birth of her sister, her studies in school, and the activities of their church. 2 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from family members and friends writing about their daily lives and Helen's future teacher, L. Kellogg, on her tuition fees. 7 items.","Includes a letter to a probate judge asking if she, Sabra, could own retain land willed to her from her father and a letter requesting the delivery of groceries. 2 items.","Letters to Helen Hoskins from her mother. Letters include discussion of daily life in Sheffield, Massachusetts, especially the happenings of the church, references to religious revivalism, the 1860 census, the 1860 election, and the declaration of Civil War. 24 items. Letter dated January 13, 1859 included a small scrap of linen. The fabric is referenced in the letter. It has been removed and placed in the Manuscripts Artifacts Collection (Mss 2013.226.01).","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from either a childhood friend or cousin. Contents include frequent references to religion, references to an argument and subsequent falling out of the two friends, and discussion of the duties of a housewife. 5 items.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend. The contents are centered on religion. 2 items.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from her cousin. The letters discuss their daily lives, families, and religious devotion.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend in Hampton, Virginia. Letters discuss their lives and the lives of acquaintances in Hampton. Helen's future husband, H.T. Wheeler is first mentioned in these letters. 2 items.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend. Contents include discussions on their family and acquaintances. 4 items.","Letters to Helen from various friends, family, and acquaitances. Contents include a letter from her husband, H.T. Wheeler, written on the back of a pamphlet for the Morris Female Institute listing \"H.T. Wheeler, A.M. and Lady\" as principals and an apology letter from one of Helen's students. 12 items.","Letters to Franklin Hoskins, Helen's brother, from a friend. They discuss their family, daily lives, and, particularly, the illnesses that they frequently encounter. 2 items.","Letters to various Hoskins family members primarily from other Hoskins family members. 4 items.","Letter from H.T. Wheeler, husband of Helen M. Hoskins, to their son, Horace. The letter discusses the weather in Tuskegee, Alabama, and includes the first commandment written in Hebrew. 1 item.","Content refer heavily to previous correspondences. Given the date, author, recipient, and contents, it is unlikely that this letter belongs with the rest of the Helen M. Hoskins papers. 1 item","Ephemera related to the Hoskins family. Includes Asa Hoskins's, husband of Sabra C. Hoskins and father of Helen M. Hoskins, appointment to lieutenant in the Massachusetts militia in 1818, an account book to a local grocery store, drawings, poems, prayers, and song lyrics, and a sewing sample that has been relocated to the Manuscripts Artifacts Collection (Mss 2013.226.02)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Hoskins, Helen M."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Hoskins, Helen M."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":23,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:50.510Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1885","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1885","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1885","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1885","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1885.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hoskins, Helen M., Papers","title_ssm":["Helen M. Hoskins papers"],"title_tesim":["Helen M. Hoskins papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1839-1868","1845-1860"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1839-1868"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1845-1860"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1839/1868, bulk 1845/1860"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Helen M. Hoskins papers, 1839/1868, bulk 1845/1860"],"text":["Helen M. Hoskins papers, 1839/1868, bulk 1845/1860","Mss. Acc. 2013.226","/repositories/2/resources/1885","African Americans--Religion","Hampton (Va.)--History--19th century","Presidents--United States--Election--1848","Religion and culture","Slavery--Virginia--18th century","Slaves--Virginia--Social conditions","United States--History--Mexican War, 1845-1848","Women--Education--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social life and customs","Correspondence","Printed ephemera","Receipts (financial records)","Collection is open to all researchers.","This collection is arranged into two series, correspondence and ephemera. The correspondences are arranged chronologically by author and recipient, and the ephemera is arranged chronologically.","The fragile nature of this material may limit handling.","Accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2013.","Mary Lou Yancey Autograph Album (MsV Auto13).","The collection contains correspondence, receipts, poems, and other material concerning Helen M. Hoskins and her family of Sheffield, Massachusetts. Most of the correspondence is between Helen and her mother, Sabra Hoskins, but also includes letters written by Helen's husband, H.T. Wheeler, her son, Horace Wheeler, siblings, numerous cousins, and friends. Included in the collection are poems, compositions, and other ephemera related to Helen's time as a teacher at female academies in Maryland, (Patapsco Institute), Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Mississippi, and Ohio.","Some of the topics covered in the papers include the 1848 U.S. Presidential Election, The Mexican-American War, slave uprisings in Hampton, Virginia, the education of women, benevolence societies, Sunday school, social comparisons between the north and south, the Know Nothing movement, and outbreaks of various diseases including cholera, yellow fever, dysentary, and small pox in Virginia in the 1840s and 1850s, as well as diseases common to young children and the prevalence of influenza and bilious fever. Folder includes 50 letters and 2 undated letter fragments.","Located in Ohio. Topics include the distinction of states as loyal and in rebellion, the appearance of rebel leader John Morgan in southern Ohio in the summer of 1863 and the northern response, the disruption of daily activities including mail services due to the civil war, reference to the riots in New York in regards to the draft, the 100th anniversary of the Methodist church in England and America. Helen and her husband are often ill, and Helen speaks frequently of homeopathic and plant-based medicinal practices. Includes 21 letters and 1 undated letter fragment.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her nephew L. Curtis. Topics include the death of two students of typhus fever at Hamilton College, the dismissal of the student body, and religious philosophy. 2 letters.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her niece and nephew. They write their separate letters on the same paper. They discuss life on their rural farm and births, deaths, and weddings in their family. 2 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from Helen's husband. Topics include what he perceives as Sabra's mistreatment of Helen, the possibility of her moving in with them, and the provision and management of her finances. 3 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from Helen's son, Horace. Topics include his daily activities, drawings, his parents' health, and his reluctance to write letters. 3 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her granddaughter, Mary. Mary writes about her parents and siblings, the birth of her sister, her studies in school, and the activities of their church. 2 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from family members and friends writing about their daily lives and Helen's future teacher, L. Kellogg, on her tuition fees. 7 items.","Includes a letter to a probate judge asking if she, Sabra, could own retain land willed to her from her father and a letter requesting the delivery of groceries. 2 items.","Letters to Helen Hoskins from her mother. Letters include discussion of daily life in Sheffield, Massachusetts, especially the happenings of the church, references to religious revivalism, the 1860 census, the 1860 election, and the declaration of Civil War. 24 items. Letter dated January 13, 1859 included a small scrap of linen. The fabric is referenced in the letter. It has been removed and placed in the Manuscripts Artifacts Collection (Mss 2013.226.01).","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from either a childhood friend or cousin. Contents include frequent references to religion, references to an argument and subsequent falling out of the two friends, and discussion of the duties of a housewife. 5 items.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend. The contents are centered on religion. 2 items.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from her cousin. The letters discuss their daily lives, families, and religious devotion.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend in Hampton, Virginia. Letters discuss their lives and the lives of acquaintances in Hampton. Helen's future husband, H.T. Wheeler is first mentioned in these letters. 2 items.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend. Contents include discussions on their family and acquaintances. 4 items.","Letters to Helen from various friends, family, and acquaitances. Contents include a letter from her husband, H.T. Wheeler, written on the back of a pamphlet for the Morris Female Institute listing \"H.T. Wheeler, A.M. and Lady\" as principals and an apology letter from one of Helen's students. 12 items.","Letters to Franklin Hoskins, Helen's brother, from a friend. They discuss their family, daily lives, and, particularly, the illnesses that they frequently encounter. 2 items.","Letters to various Hoskins family members primarily from other Hoskins family members. 4 items.","Letter from H.T. Wheeler, husband of Helen M. Hoskins, to their son, Horace. The letter discusses the weather in Tuskegee, Alabama, and includes the first commandment written in Hebrew. 1 item.","Content refer heavily to previous correspondences. Given the date, author, recipient, and contents, it is unlikely that this letter belongs with the rest of the Helen M. Hoskins papers. 1 item","Ephemera related to the Hoskins family. Includes Asa Hoskins's, husband of Sabra C. Hoskins and father of Helen M. Hoskins, appointment to lieutenant in the Massachusetts militia in 1818, an account book to a local grocery store, drawings, poems, prayers, and song lyrics, and a sewing sample that has been relocated to the Manuscripts Artifacts Collection (Mss 2013.226.02).","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Hoskins, Helen M.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Helen M. Hoskins papers, 1839/1868, bulk 1845/1860"],"collection_ssim":["Helen M. Hoskins papers, 1839/1868, bulk 1845/1860"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. Acc. 2013.226","/repositories/2/resources/1885"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2013.226","/repositories/2/resources/1885"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Hoskins, Helen M."],"creator_ssim":["Hoskins, Helen M."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hoskins, Helen M."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Hoskins, Helen M.","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2013.226 was received by Special Collections via U.S.P.S. on 8/14/2013. The collection was purchased for Swem Library with support from the Clarice Garrison Quasi Endowment."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Religion","Hampton (Va.)--History--19th century","Presidents--United States--Election--1848","Religion and culture","Slavery--Virginia--18th century","Slaves--Virginia--Social conditions","United States--History--Mexican War, 1845-1848","Women--Education--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social life and customs","Correspondence","Printed ephemera","Receipts (financial records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Religion","Hampton (Va.)--History--19th century","Presidents--United States--Election--1848","Religion and culture","Slavery--Virginia--18th century","Slaves--Virginia--Social conditions","United States--History--Mexican War, 1845-1848","Women--Education--Virginia","Women--Virginia--Social life and customs","Correspondence","Printed ephemera","Receipts (financial records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.20 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.20 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Printed ephemera","Receipts (financial records)"],"date_range_isim":[1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into two series, correspondence and ephemera. The correspondences are arranged chronologically by author and recipient, and the ephemera is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into two series, correspondence and ephemera. The correspondences are arranged chronologically by author and recipient, and the ephemera is arranged chronologically."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe fragile nature of this material may limit handling.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics or Technical Requirements:"],"phystech_tesim":["The fragile nature of this material may limit handling."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHelen M. Hoskins Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Helen M. Hoskins Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2013.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2013."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Lou Yancey Autograph Album (MsV Auto13).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Mary Lou Yancey Autograph Album (MsV Auto13)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains correspondence, receipts, poems, and other material concerning Helen M. Hoskins and her family of Sheffield, Massachusetts. Most of the correspondence is between Helen and her mother, Sabra Hoskins, but also includes letters written by Helen's husband, H.T. Wheeler, her son, Horace Wheeler, siblings, numerous cousins, and friends. Included in the collection are poems, compositions, and other ephemera related to Helen's time as a teacher at female academies in Maryland, (Patapsco Institute), Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Mississippi, and Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSome of the topics covered in the papers include the 1848 U.S. Presidential Election, The Mexican-American War, slave uprisings in Hampton, Virginia, the education of women, benevolence societies, Sunday school, social comparisons between the north and south, the Know Nothing movement, and outbreaks of various diseases including cholera, yellow fever, dysentary, and small pox in Virginia in the 1840s and 1850s, as well as diseases common to young children and the prevalence of influenza and bilious fever. Folder includes 50 letters and 2 undated letter fragments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLocated in Ohio. Topics include the distinction of states as loyal and in rebellion, the appearance of rebel leader John Morgan in southern Ohio in the summer of 1863 and the northern response, the disruption of daily activities including mail services due to the civil war, reference to the riots in New York in regards to the draft, the 100th anniversary of the Methodist church in England and America. Helen and her husband are often ill, and Helen speaks frequently of homeopathic and plant-based medicinal practices. Includes 21 letters and 1 undated letter fragment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her nephew L. Curtis. Topics include the death of two students of typhus fever at Hamilton College, the dismissal of the student body, and religious philosophy. 2 letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her niece and nephew. They write their separate letters on the same paper. They discuss life on their rural farm and births, deaths, and weddings in their family. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Sabra C. Hoskins from Helen's husband. Topics include what he perceives as Sabra's mistreatment of Helen, the possibility of her moving in with them, and the provision and management of her finances. 3 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Sabra C. Hoskins from Helen's son, Horace. Topics include his daily activities, drawings, his parents' health, and his reluctance to write letters. 3 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her granddaughter, Mary. Mary writes about her parents and siblings, the birth of her sister, her studies in school, and the activities of their church. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Sabra C. Hoskins from family members and friends writing about their daily lives and Helen's future teacher, L. Kellogg, on her tuition fees. 7 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a letter to a probate judge asking if she, Sabra, could own retain land willed to her from her father and a letter requesting the delivery of groceries. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Helen Hoskins from her mother. Letters include discussion of daily life in Sheffield, Massachusetts, especially the happenings of the church, references to religious revivalism, the 1860 census, the 1860 election, and the declaration of Civil War. 24 items. Letter dated January 13, 1859 included a small scrap of linen. The fabric is referenced in the letter. It has been removed and placed in the Manuscripts Artifacts Collection (Mss 2013.226.01).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Helen M. Hoskins from either a childhood friend or cousin. Contents include frequent references to religion, references to an argument and subsequent falling out of the two friends, and discussion of the duties of a housewife. 5 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend. The contents are centered on religion. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Helen M. Hoskins from her cousin. The letters discuss their daily lives, families, and religious devotion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend in Hampton, Virginia. Letters discuss their lives and the lives of acquaintances in Hampton. Helen's future husband, H.T. Wheeler is first mentioned in these letters. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend. Contents include discussions on their family and acquaintances. 4 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Helen from various friends, family, and acquaitances. Contents include a letter from her husband, H.T. Wheeler, written on the back of a pamphlet for the Morris Female Institute listing \"H.T. Wheeler, A.M. and Lady\" as principals and an apology letter from one of Helen's students. 12 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Franklin Hoskins, Helen's brother, from a friend. They discuss their family, daily lives, and, particularly, the illnesses that they frequently encounter. 2 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters to various Hoskins family members primarily from other Hoskins family members. 4 items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from H.T. Wheeler, husband of Helen M. Hoskins, to their son, Horace. The letter discusses the weather in Tuskegee, Alabama, and includes the first commandment written in Hebrew. 1 item.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContent refer heavily to previous correspondences. Given the date, author, recipient, and contents, it is unlikely that this letter belongs with the rest of the Helen M. Hoskins papers. 1 item\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEphemera related to the Hoskins family. Includes Asa Hoskins's, husband of Sabra C. Hoskins and father of Helen M. Hoskins, appointment to lieutenant in the Massachusetts militia in 1818, an account book to a local grocery store, drawings, poems, prayers, and song lyrics, and a sewing sample that has been relocated to the Manuscripts Artifacts Collection (Mss 2013.226.02).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains correspondence, receipts, poems, and other material concerning Helen M. Hoskins and her family of Sheffield, Massachusetts. Most of the correspondence is between Helen and her mother, Sabra Hoskins, but also includes letters written by Helen's husband, H.T. Wheeler, her son, Horace Wheeler, siblings, numerous cousins, and friends. Included in the collection are poems, compositions, and other ephemera related to Helen's time as a teacher at female academies in Maryland, (Patapsco Institute), Virginia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Mississippi, and Ohio.","Some of the topics covered in the papers include the 1848 U.S. Presidential Election, The Mexican-American War, slave uprisings in Hampton, Virginia, the education of women, benevolence societies, Sunday school, social comparisons between the north and south, the Know Nothing movement, and outbreaks of various diseases including cholera, yellow fever, dysentary, and small pox in Virginia in the 1840s and 1850s, as well as diseases common to young children and the prevalence of influenza and bilious fever. Folder includes 50 letters and 2 undated letter fragments.","Located in Ohio. Topics include the distinction of states as loyal and in rebellion, the appearance of rebel leader John Morgan in southern Ohio in the summer of 1863 and the northern response, the disruption of daily activities including mail services due to the civil war, reference to the riots in New York in regards to the draft, the 100th anniversary of the Methodist church in England and America. Helen and her husband are often ill, and Helen speaks frequently of homeopathic and plant-based medicinal practices. Includes 21 letters and 1 undated letter fragment.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her nephew L. Curtis. Topics include the death of two students of typhus fever at Hamilton College, the dismissal of the student body, and religious philosophy. 2 letters.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her niece and nephew. They write their separate letters on the same paper. They discuss life on their rural farm and births, deaths, and weddings in their family. 2 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from Helen's husband. Topics include what he perceives as Sabra's mistreatment of Helen, the possibility of her moving in with them, and the provision and management of her finances. 3 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from Helen's son, Horace. Topics include his daily activities, drawings, his parents' health, and his reluctance to write letters. 3 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from her granddaughter, Mary. Mary writes about her parents and siblings, the birth of her sister, her studies in school, and the activities of their church. 2 items.","Letters to Sabra C. Hoskins from family members and friends writing about their daily lives and Helen's future teacher, L. Kellogg, on her tuition fees. 7 items.","Includes a letter to a probate judge asking if she, Sabra, could own retain land willed to her from her father and a letter requesting the delivery of groceries. 2 items.","Letters to Helen Hoskins from her mother. Letters include discussion of daily life in Sheffield, Massachusetts, especially the happenings of the church, references to religious revivalism, the 1860 census, the 1860 election, and the declaration of Civil War. 24 items. Letter dated January 13, 1859 included a small scrap of linen. The fabric is referenced in the letter. It has been removed and placed in the Manuscripts Artifacts Collection (Mss 2013.226.01).","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from either a childhood friend or cousin. Contents include frequent references to religion, references to an argument and subsequent falling out of the two friends, and discussion of the duties of a housewife. 5 items.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend. The contents are centered on religion. 2 items.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from her cousin. The letters discuss their daily lives, families, and religious devotion.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend in Hampton, Virginia. Letters discuss their lives and the lives of acquaintances in Hampton. Helen's future husband, H.T. Wheeler is first mentioned in these letters. 2 items.","Letters to Helen M. Hoskins from a friend. Contents include discussions on their family and acquaintances. 4 items.","Letters to Helen from various friends, family, and acquaitances. Contents include a letter from her husband, H.T. Wheeler, written on the back of a pamphlet for the Morris Female Institute listing \"H.T. Wheeler, A.M. and Lady\" as principals and an apology letter from one of Helen's students. 12 items.","Letters to Franklin Hoskins, Helen's brother, from a friend. They discuss their family, daily lives, and, particularly, the illnesses that they frequently encounter. 2 items.","Letters to various Hoskins family members primarily from other Hoskins family members. 4 items.","Letter from H.T. Wheeler, husband of Helen M. Hoskins, to their son, Horace. The letter discusses the weather in Tuskegee, Alabama, and includes the first commandment written in Hebrew. 1 item.","Content refer heavily to previous correspondences. Given the date, author, recipient, and contents, it is unlikely that this letter belongs with the rest of the Helen M. Hoskins papers. 1 item","Ephemera related to the Hoskins family. Includes Asa Hoskins's, husband of Sabra C. Hoskins and father of Helen M. Hoskins, appointment to lieutenant in the Massachusetts militia in 1818, an account book to a local grocery store, drawings, poems, prayers, and song lyrics, and a sewing sample that has been relocated to the Manuscripts Artifacts Collection (Mss 2013.226.02)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Hoskins, Helen M."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Hoskins, Helen M."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":23,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:50.510Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1885"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2313","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John Bullock Letter to James Anderson, 1856","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2313#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bullock, John","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2313#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLetter from John Bullock, Williamsboro, North Carolina to James Anderson, Cottage Home, North Carolina about church strife between the minister and another man (Church of Shiloh and Church of Nutback), the deterioration of the old mansion house, family news and more. November 12, 1856.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2313#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2313","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2313","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2313","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2313","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2313.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bullock, John Letter to James Anderson","title_ssm":["John Bullock Letter to James Anderson"],"title_tesim":["John Bullock Letter to James Anderson"],"unitdate_ssm":["1856 November 12"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1856 November 12"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1856"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Bullock Letter to James Anderson, 1856"],"text":["John Bullock Letter to James Anderson, 1856","SC 00211","/repositories/2/resources/2313","Williamsboro (N.C.)","Religion and culture","Correspondence","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Letter from John Bullock, Williamsboro, North Carolina to James Anderson, Cottage Home, North Carolina about church strife between the minister and another man (Church of Shiloh and Church of Nutback), the deterioration of the old mansion house, family news and more.  November 12, 1856.","John Bullock to James Anderson.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Bullock, John","Anderson, James","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Bullock Letter to James Anderson, 1856"],"collection_ssim":["John Bullock Letter to James Anderson, 1856"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 00211","/repositories/2/resources/2313"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 00211","/repositories/2/resources/2313"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsboro (N.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsboro (N.C.)"],"places_ssim":["Williamsboro (N.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["Bullock, John","Anderson, James"],"creator_ssim":["Bullock, John","Anderson, James"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bullock, John","Anderson, James"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Bullock, John","Anderson, James","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Religion and culture","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Religion and culture","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1856],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Bullock Letter to James Anderson, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John Bullock Letter to James Anderson, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from John Bullock, Williamsboro, North Carolina to James Anderson, Cottage Home, North Carolina about church strife between the minister and another man (Church of Shiloh and Church of Nutback), the deterioration of the old mansion house, family news and more.  November 12, 1856.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eJohn Bullock to James Anderson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letter from John Bullock, Williamsboro, North Carolina to James Anderson, Cottage Home, North Carolina about church strife between the minister and another man (Church of Shiloh and Church of Nutback), the deterioration of the old mansion house, family news and more.  November 12, 1856.","John Bullock to James Anderson."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Bullock, John","Anderson, James"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Bullock, John","Anderson, James"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:42:20.276Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2313","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2313","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2313","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2313","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2313.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bullock, John Letter to James Anderson","title_ssm":["John Bullock Letter to James Anderson"],"title_tesim":["John Bullock Letter to James Anderson"],"unitdate_ssm":["1856 November 12"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1856 November 12"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1856"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Bullock Letter to James Anderson, 1856"],"text":["John Bullock Letter to James Anderson, 1856","SC 00211","/repositories/2/resources/2313","Williamsboro (N.C.)","Religion and culture","Correspondence","Collection is open to all researchers. 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