{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9523","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9523#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eA list of names, separated by Virginia counties and cities, of families identified as attempting to \"pass.\" This list was likely compiled by the law firm established by Senator Robert Opie Norris, Jr. around 1904, or its successor firm, Clarke and Clarke. The list has notes next to some names providing alternate spellings, and in the case of the Beverly family from Amherst, a longer statement about the methods they used to \"evade the situation.\" The full official title typed on the document reads, \"Surname, By Counties and Cities, of Mixed Negroid Virginia Families Striving to Pass as \"\"Indian\"\" or White.\"\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9523#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9523","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9523","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9523","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9523","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9523.xml","title_filing_ssi":"List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass ","title_ssm":["List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White"],"title_tesim":["List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White"],"unitdate_ssm":["1920s"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1920s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01770","/repositories/2/resources/9523"],"text":["SC 01770","/repositories/2/resources/9523","List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White","Virginia--Genealogy","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Race discrimination","African Americans--Virginia--History--20th century","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","A list of names, separated by Virginia counties and cities, of families identified as attempting to \"pass.\" This list was likely compiled by the law firm established by Senator Robert Opie Norris, Jr. around 1904, or its successor firm, Clarke and Clarke. The list has notes next to some names providing alternate spellings, and in the case of the Beverly family from Amherst, a longer statement about the methods they used to \"evade the situation.\" The full official title typed on the document  reads, \"Surname, By Counties and Cities, of Mixed Negroid Virginia Families Striving to Pass as \"\"Indian\"\" or White.\"","Content warning for derogatory language.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01770","/repositories/2/resources/9523"],"normalized_title_ssm":["List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White"],"collection_title_tesim":["List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White"],"collection_ssim":["List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Race discrimination","African Americans--Virginia--History--20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Race discrimination","African Americans--Virginia--History--20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Linear Feet One legal sized folder."],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Linear Feet One legal sized folder."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eList of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White, Special Collections Research Center, William and Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White, Special Collections Research Center, William and Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA list of names, separated by Virginia counties and cities, of families identified as attempting to \"pass.\" This list was likely compiled by the law firm established by Senator Robert Opie Norris, Jr. around 1904, or its successor firm, Clarke and Clarke. The list has notes next to some names providing alternate spellings, and in the case of the Beverly family from Amherst, a longer statement about the methods they used to \"evade the situation.\" The full official title typed on the document  reads, \"Surname, By Counties and Cities, of Mixed Negroid Virginia Families Striving to Pass as \"\"Indian\"\" or White.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eContent warning for derogatory language.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A list of names, separated by Virginia counties and cities, of families identified as attempting to \"pass.\" This list was likely compiled by the law firm established by Senator Robert Opie Norris, Jr. around 1904, or its successor firm, Clarke and Clarke. The list has notes next to some names providing alternate spellings, and in the case of the Beverly family from Amherst, a longer statement about the methods they used to \"evade the situation.\" The full official title typed on the document  reads, \"Surname, By Counties and Cities, of Mixed Negroid Virginia Families Striving to Pass as \"\"Indian\"\" or White.\"","Content warning for derogatory language."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:01:13.373Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9523","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9523","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9523","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9523","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9523.xml","title_filing_ssi":"List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass ","title_ssm":["List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White"],"title_tesim":["List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White"],"unitdate_ssm":["1920s"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1920s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01770","/repositories/2/resources/9523"],"text":["SC 01770","/repositories/2/resources/9523","List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White","Virginia--Genealogy","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Race discrimination","African Americans--Virginia--History--20th century","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","A list of names, separated by Virginia counties and cities, of families identified as attempting to \"pass.\" This list was likely compiled by the law firm established by Senator Robert Opie Norris, Jr. around 1904, or its successor firm, Clarke and Clarke. The list has notes next to some names providing alternate spellings, and in the case of the Beverly family from Amherst, a longer statement about the methods they used to \"evade the situation.\" The full official title typed on the document  reads, \"Surname, By Counties and Cities, of Mixed Negroid Virginia Families Striving to Pass as \"\"Indian\"\" or White.\"","Content warning for derogatory language.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01770","/repositories/2/resources/9523"],"normalized_title_ssm":["List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White"],"collection_title_tesim":["List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White"],"collection_ssim":["List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Genealogy"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Race discrimination","African Americans--Virginia--History--20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Race discrimination","African Americans--Virginia--History--20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Linear Feet One legal sized folder."],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Linear Feet One legal sized folder."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eList of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White, Special Collections Research Center, William and Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White, Special Collections Research Center, William and Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA list of names, separated by Virginia counties and cities, of families identified as attempting to \"pass.\" This list was likely compiled by the law firm established by Senator Robert Opie Norris, Jr. around 1904, or its successor firm, Clarke and Clarke. The list has notes next to some names providing alternate spellings, and in the case of the Beverly family from Amherst, a longer statement about the methods they used to \"evade the situation.\" The full official title typed on the document  reads, \"Surname, By Counties and Cities, of Mixed Negroid Virginia Families Striving to Pass as \"\"Indian\"\" or White.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eContent warning for derogatory language.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A list of names, separated by Virginia counties and cities, of families identified as attempting to \"pass.\" This list was likely compiled by the law firm established by Senator Robert Opie Norris, Jr. around 1904, or its successor firm, Clarke and Clarke. The list has notes next to some names providing alternate spellings, and in the case of the Beverly family from Amherst, a longer statement about the methods they used to \"evade the situation.\" The full official title typed on the document  reads, \"Surname, By Counties and Cities, of Mixed Negroid Virginia Families Striving to Pass as \"\"Indian\"\" or White.\"","Content warning for derogatory language."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:01:13.373Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9523"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2502#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2502#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2502.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection ","title_ssm":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"title_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1778-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1778-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502"],"text":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502","Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection","African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Additions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis.","The collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically.","Acc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.","Ingersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2","Related materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. ","See also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.","For similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.","The racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son.","English German"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2007.80 was purchased 8/30/2007. Acc. 2007.81 was purchased 8/30/2007. Acc. 2008.32 was purchased 5/1/2008. Acc. 2008.46 was purchased 5/16/2008.   Acc. 2008.64 was purchased 6/9/2008. Acc. 2008.94 was purchased 9/10/2008. Acc. 2008.95 was purchased 9/10/20008. Acc. 2008.159 was purchased 12/19/2008. Acc. 2009.063 was purchased on 2/24/2009. Acc. 2009.036 was purchased on 1/19/2009. Acc. 2009.147 was purchased on 4/6/2009. Acc. 2009.151 was purchased on 3/30/2009. Acc. 2009.180 was purchased on 4/29/2009. Acc. 2009.181 was purchased on 4/29/2009. Acc. 2009.226 was purchased on 5/25/2009. Acc. 2009.235 was purchased on 5/31/2009. Acc. 2009.305 was purchased on 7/17/2009. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member. Acc. 2014.123-Acc. 2014.125 purchased for Swem Library with support from the SCRC Donors Fund."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["Additions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRacial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Acc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIngersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRelated materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Ingersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2","Related materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. ","See also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.","For similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son."],"language_ssim":["English German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":141,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:09:31.066Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2502.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection ","title_ssm":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"title_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1778-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1778-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502"],"text":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502","Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection","African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Additions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis.","The collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically.","Acc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.","Ingersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2","Related materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. ","See also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.","For similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.","The racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son.","English German"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2007.80 was purchased 8/30/2007. Acc. 2007.81 was purchased 8/30/2007. Acc. 2008.32 was purchased 5/1/2008. Acc. 2008.46 was purchased 5/16/2008.   Acc. 2008.64 was purchased 6/9/2008. Acc. 2008.94 was purchased 9/10/2008. Acc. 2008.95 was purchased 9/10/20008. Acc. 2008.159 was purchased 12/19/2008. Acc. 2009.063 was purchased on 2/24/2009. Acc. 2009.036 was purchased on 1/19/2009. Acc. 2009.147 was purchased on 4/6/2009. Acc. 2009.151 was purchased on 3/30/2009. Acc. 2009.180 was purchased on 4/29/2009. Acc. 2009.181 was purchased on 4/29/2009. Acc. 2009.226 was purchased on 5/25/2009. Acc. 2009.235 was purchased on 5/31/2009. Acc. 2009.305 was purchased on 7/17/2009. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member. Acc. 2014.123-Acc. 2014.125 purchased for Swem Library with support from the SCRC Donors Fund."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["Additions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRacial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Acc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIngersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRelated materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Ingersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2","Related materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level. ","See also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.","For similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son."],"language_ssim":["English German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":141,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:09:31.066Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2502"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"United Klans of America collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9570#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eContent warning: The United Klans of America (UKA) Collection contains racist, sexist and homophobic imagery, language and content. The materials have been processed and made accesible for fair use and research purposes. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9570#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9570.xml","title_filing_ssi":"United Klans of America Collection","title_ssm":["United Klans of America collection"],"title_tesim":["United Klans of America collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1971-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971-1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01719","/repositories/2/resources/9570"],"text":["SC 01719","/repositories/2/resources/9570","United Klans of America collection","16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","African Americans","Communism--United States","Lynching--United States--History","Race discrimination","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Racism","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The United Klans oF America (UKA) was founded in Indian Springs, Georgia on July 8, 1961 after the merger of multiple Ku Klux Klan groups. Headquarted in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Robert Shelton, was the leader of the UKA from 1961-1987. UKA chapters existed throughout the United States including a Virginia Chapter headed by Grand Dragon Robert H. Hudgins. The UKA is linked to the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama,that killed four girls, the 1965 murder of Civil Rights Activist Viola Liuzzo, and the lynching of teenager Michael Donald in Mobile, Alabama in 1981. A wrongful death suit was filed on behalf of Beulah Mae Donald, the mother of Michael Donald, by Morris Dees, founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center. In 1987, the UKA was sentenced to pay 7 million dollars in damages. The UKA became bankrupt from the suit and was forced to sell the Tuscaloosa, Alabama headquarters of which Beulah Mae Donald received $51,875.The United Klans of America Collection contains reports, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross\" and pamphlets that were dispersed throughout the Tidewater region of Virginia.","The collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and acquisitions to the collection.","Content warning: The United Klans of America (UKA) Collection contains racist, sexist and homophobic imagery, language and content. The materials have been processed and made accesible for fair use and research purposes. ","The collection contains pamphlets, brochures, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross,\" a Klan passport, items from Klan \"neighborhood packets,\" and other UKA propaganda materials. A majority of the content originates from Virginia chapters of the United Klans of America (UKA). ","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01719","/repositories/2/resources/9570"],"normalized_title_ssm":["United Klans of America collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["United Klans of America collection"],"collection_ssim":["United Klans of America collection"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased with the Francis Randolph Howard Fund."],"access_subjects_ssim":["16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","African Americans","Communism--United States","Lynching--United States--History","Race discrimination","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Racism"],"access_subjects_ssm":["16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","African Americans","Communism--United States","Lynching--United States--History","Race discrimination","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Racism"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Folder"],"extent_tesim":["1 Folder"],"date_range_isim":[1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe United Klans oF America (UKA) was founded in Indian Springs, Georgia on July 8, 1961 after the merger of multiple Ku Klux Klan groups. Headquarted in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Robert Shelton, was the leader of the UKA from 1961-1987. UKA chapters existed throughout the United States including a Virginia Chapter headed by Grand Dragon Robert H. Hudgins. The UKA is linked to the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama,that killed four girls, the 1965 murder of Civil Rights Activist Viola Liuzzo, and the lynching of teenager Michael Donald in Mobile, Alabama in 1981. A wrongful death suit was filed on behalf of Beulah Mae Donald, the mother of Michael Donald, by Morris Dees, founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center. In 1987, the UKA was sentenced to pay 7 million dollars in damages. The UKA became bankrupt from the suit and was forced to sell the Tuscaloosa, Alabama headquarters of which Beulah Mae Donald received $51,875.The United Klans of America Collection contains reports, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross\" and pamphlets that were dispersed throughout the Tidewater region of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The United Klans oF America (UKA) was founded in Indian Springs, Georgia on July 8, 1961 after the merger of multiple Ku Klux Klan groups. Headquarted in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Robert Shelton, was the leader of the UKA from 1961-1987. UKA chapters existed throughout the United States including a Virginia Chapter headed by Grand Dragon Robert H. Hudgins. The UKA is linked to the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama,that killed four girls, the 1965 murder of Civil Rights Activist Viola Liuzzo, and the lynching of teenager Michael Donald in Mobile, Alabama in 1981. A wrongful death suit was filed on behalf of Beulah Mae Donald, the mother of Michael Donald, by Morris Dees, founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center. In 1987, the UKA was sentenced to pay 7 million dollars in damages. The UKA became bankrupt from the suit and was forced to sell the Tuscaloosa, Alabama headquarters of which Beulah Mae Donald received $51,875.The United Klans of America Collection contains reports, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross\" and pamphlets that were dispersed throughout the Tidewater region of Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnited Klans of American Collection, Special Collections and Research Center, William and Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["United Klans of American Collection, Special Collections and Research Center, William and Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and acquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent warning: The United Klans of America (UKA) Collection contains racist, sexist and homophobic imagery, language and content. The materials have been processed and made accesible for fair use and research purposes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains pamphlets, brochures, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross,\" a Klan passport, items from Klan \"neighborhood packets,\" and other UKA propaganda materials. A majority of the content originates from Virginia chapters of the United Klans of America (UKA). \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Content warning: The United Klans of America (UKA) Collection contains racist, sexist and homophobic imagery, language and content. The materials have been processed and made accesible for fair use and research purposes. ","The collection contains pamphlets, brochures, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross,\" a Klan passport, items from Klan \"neighborhood packets,\" and other UKA propaganda materials. A majority of the content originates from Virginia chapters of the United Klans of America (UKA). "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:11:54.033Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9570","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9570.xml","title_filing_ssi":"United Klans of America Collection","title_ssm":["United Klans of America collection"],"title_tesim":["United Klans of America collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1971-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971-1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01719","/repositories/2/resources/9570"],"text":["SC 01719","/repositories/2/resources/9570","United Klans of America collection","16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","African Americans","Communism--United States","Lynching--United States--History","Race discrimination","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Racism","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The United Klans oF America (UKA) was founded in Indian Springs, Georgia on July 8, 1961 after the merger of multiple Ku Klux Klan groups. Headquarted in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Robert Shelton, was the leader of the UKA from 1961-1987. UKA chapters existed throughout the United States including a Virginia Chapter headed by Grand Dragon Robert H. Hudgins. The UKA is linked to the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama,that killed four girls, the 1965 murder of Civil Rights Activist Viola Liuzzo, and the lynching of teenager Michael Donald in Mobile, Alabama in 1981. A wrongful death suit was filed on behalf of Beulah Mae Donald, the mother of Michael Donald, by Morris Dees, founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center. In 1987, the UKA was sentenced to pay 7 million dollars in damages. The UKA became bankrupt from the suit and was forced to sell the Tuscaloosa, Alabama headquarters of which Beulah Mae Donald received $51,875.The United Klans of America Collection contains reports, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross\" and pamphlets that were dispersed throughout the Tidewater region of Virginia.","The collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and acquisitions to the collection.","Content warning: The United Klans of America (UKA) Collection contains racist, sexist and homophobic imagery, language and content. The materials have been processed and made accesible for fair use and research purposes. ","The collection contains pamphlets, brochures, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross,\" a Klan passport, items from Klan \"neighborhood packets,\" and other UKA propaganda materials. A majority of the content originates from Virginia chapters of the United Klans of America (UKA). ","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01719","/repositories/2/resources/9570"],"normalized_title_ssm":["United Klans of America collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["United Klans of America collection"],"collection_ssim":["United Klans of America collection"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased with the Francis Randolph Howard Fund."],"access_subjects_ssim":["16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","African Americans","Communism--United States","Lynching--United States--History","Race discrimination","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Racism"],"access_subjects_ssm":["16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","African Americans","Communism--United States","Lynching--United States--History","Race discrimination","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Racism"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Folder"],"extent_tesim":["1 Folder"],"date_range_isim":[1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe United Klans oF America (UKA) was founded in Indian Springs, Georgia on July 8, 1961 after the merger of multiple Ku Klux Klan groups. Headquarted in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Robert Shelton, was the leader of the UKA from 1961-1987. UKA chapters existed throughout the United States including a Virginia Chapter headed by Grand Dragon Robert H. Hudgins. The UKA is linked to the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama,that killed four girls, the 1965 murder of Civil Rights Activist Viola Liuzzo, and the lynching of teenager Michael Donald in Mobile, Alabama in 1981. A wrongful death suit was filed on behalf of Beulah Mae Donald, the mother of Michael Donald, by Morris Dees, founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center. In 1987, the UKA was sentenced to pay 7 million dollars in damages. The UKA became bankrupt from the suit and was forced to sell the Tuscaloosa, Alabama headquarters of which Beulah Mae Donald received $51,875.The United Klans of America Collection contains reports, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross\" and pamphlets that were dispersed throughout the Tidewater region of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The United Klans oF America (UKA) was founded in Indian Springs, Georgia on July 8, 1961 after the merger of multiple Ku Klux Klan groups. Headquarted in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Robert Shelton, was the leader of the UKA from 1961-1987. UKA chapters existed throughout the United States including a Virginia Chapter headed by Grand Dragon Robert H. Hudgins. The UKA is linked to the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama,that killed four girls, the 1965 murder of Civil Rights Activist Viola Liuzzo, and the lynching of teenager Michael Donald in Mobile, Alabama in 1981. A wrongful death suit was filed on behalf of Beulah Mae Donald, the mother of Michael Donald, by Morris Dees, founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center. In 1987, the UKA was sentenced to pay 7 million dollars in damages. The UKA became bankrupt from the suit and was forced to sell the Tuscaloosa, Alabama headquarters of which Beulah Mae Donald received $51,875.The United Klans of America Collection contains reports, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross\" and pamphlets that were dispersed throughout the Tidewater region of Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnited Klans of American Collection, Special Collections and Research Center, William and Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["United Klans of American Collection, Special Collections and Research Center, William and Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and acquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection received file level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and acquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent warning: The United Klans of America (UKA) Collection contains racist, sexist and homophobic imagery, language and content. The materials have been processed and made accesible for fair use and research purposes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains pamphlets, brochures, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross,\" a Klan passport, items from Klan \"neighborhood packets,\" and other UKA propaganda materials. A majority of the content originates from Virginia chapters of the United Klans of America (UKA). \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Content warning: The United Klans of America (UKA) Collection contains racist, sexist and homophobic imagery, language and content. The materials have been processed and made accesible for fair use and research purposes. ","The collection contains pamphlets, brochures, newsletters such as the \"Fiery Cross,\" a Klan passport, items from Klan \"neighborhood packets,\" and other UKA propaganda materials. A majority of the content originates from Virginia chapters of the United Klans of America (UKA). "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:11:54.033Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9570"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White","value":"List of Surnames of Mixed Race Virginia Families Trying to Pass as \"Indian\" or White","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=List+of+Surnames+of+Mixed+Race+Virginia+Families+Trying+to+Pass+as+%22Indian%22+or+White"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection","value":"Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Racial+and+Ethnic+Ephemera+Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United Klans of America collection","value":"United Klans of America collection","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=United+Klans+of+America+collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1778","value":"1778","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1778"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1779","value":"1779","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1779"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1780","value":"1780","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1780"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1781","value":"1781","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1781"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1782","value":"1782","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1782"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1783","value":"1783","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1783"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1784","value":"1784","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1784"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1785","value":"1785","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1785"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1786","value":"1786","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1786"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1787","value":"1787","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1787"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1788","value":"1788","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1788"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"John H. Dockman and Son.","value":"John H. Dockman and Son.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=John+H.+Dockman+and+Son."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Special Collections Research Center","value":"Special Collections Research Center","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Special+Collections+Research+Center"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia--Genealogy","value":"Virginia--Genealogy","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Virginia--Genealogy"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","value":"16th Street Baptist Church Bombing, Birmingham, Ala., 1963","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=16th+Street+Baptist+Church+Bombing%2C+Birmingham%2C+Ala.%2C+1963"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Advertising cards","value":"Advertising cards","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Advertising+cards"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans","value":"African Americans","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans in popular culture","value":"African Americans in popular culture","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+in+popular+culture"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans in the performing arts","value":"African Americans in the performing arts","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+in+the+performing+arts"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans--Biography","value":"African Americans--Biography","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans--Biography"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","value":"African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans--Caricatures+and+cartoons"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans--Education--Virginia","value":"African Americans--Education--Virginia","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans--Education--Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans--History","value":"African Americans--History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans--History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans--Suffrage","value":"African Americans--Suffrage","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans--Suffrage"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans--Virginia--History--20th century","value":"African Americans--Virginia--History--20th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans--Virginia--History--20th+century"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026search_field=keyword"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026search_field=name"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026search_field=place"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026search_field=subject"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026search_field=title"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026search_field=container"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026search_field=identifier"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026sort=date_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026sort=date_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026sort=title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Race+relations--United+States--History--20th+century\u0026sort=title_sort+desc"}}]}