{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Public+health--Virginia.\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Public+health--Virginia.\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":9,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi05123","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05123#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05123#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904, consist of .225cf of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05123#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05123","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05123","_root_":"vi_vi05123","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05123","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05123.xml","title_ssm":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"title_tesim":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007770387\n"],"text":["0007770387\n","Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","County courts--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Jails--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Physicians--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Slaves--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Local government records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","By 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months of imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937). The hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n","Chesterfield County was named for Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of Chesterfield, British statesman and diplomat, and was formed from Henrico County in 1749. The county seat is Chesterfield Court House. Part of Henrico County was added to Chesterfield in 1922.\n","Additional Chesterfield County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"," Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904, consist of .225cf of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1780-1904, n.d. consists of 4 folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Includes references to several mental hospitals. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829, 1836-1837, consist of three folders relating to smallpox hospitals and expenses associated with them regarding treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Chesterfield County. Minutes of a meeting of justices of the peace in 1829 provide details of establishing a makeshift hospital at the home of Mr. Frances Watkins, appointing a physician and manager and outlining their duties, fees to be assessed to patients, and proposals for universal vaccination. A hospital near the town of Manchester was established to house patients during an outbreak between Nov. 1836 and April 1837. In addition to several bills and receipts related to hospital supplies and patient treatment are two reports and a letter from the physician to the justices near the close of the outbreak. One detailed hospital statement lists names of patients admitted, the majority of whom were enslaved or free African Americans, and includes the number of days hospitalized and whether a patient survived. Another report lists payments to be made to various personnel, as well as bills to be paid by owners for enslaved people treated, including the number of days treated and burial expenses if applicable. One physician's report also included payments to five free African American nurses, including Katy Cheatham, whose petition to remain in the Commonwealth was granted in 1840 largely due to her commendable service during the 1837 outbreak. \n","Estate inventory includes valuations of five enslaved people:  George, Davy, Bill, Johnson, and Robert.\n","The board of Eastern Lunatic Asylum determined that he was not ill and rejected him.\n","Justices ordered that she be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Richmond.\n","She was declared a lunatic in November 1883 and taken into custody by the sheriff.  She petitioned the court for her own release.  In January 1884 the executive committee at Eastern State Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg declared her to be of sound mind, and did not accept her.\n","Includes a letter to Virginia Governor Fitzhugh Lee from R.J. Preston, Superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.), regarding this patient, but in which he writes primarily of the crowded conditions of the hospital and the types of rooms and patients they can accommodate. \n","Includes a postcard to the sheriff from Randolph Barksdale, Superintendent and Physician of Central Lunatic Asylum (in Petersburg, for African Americans).\n","This file only includes a postcard from Randolph Barksdale, and documents the name change of Central Lunatic Asylum to Central State Hospital, also noting that the hospital is crowded. \n","Includes letter from superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum informing the Sheriff that they have no room, and suggests they apply for Mrs. Baker at Staunton.\n","Includes letter and postcard from Superintendent William F. Drewry of Central State Hospital explaining that these two people (most likely African Americans) cannot be admitted due to overcrowding.  Unlike postcards from just a few years prior, the postcard is pre-printed with text regarding reasons for being unable to admit patients, and has blanks on which to enter information.\n","Includes a handwritten statement signed by forty neighbors asserting that Garthright has recovered and that they fear no harm from him.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007770387\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"collection_title_tesim":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"collection_ssim":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Chesterfield County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","County courts--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Jails--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Physicians--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Slaves--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Local government records--Virginia--Chesterfield County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","County courts--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Jails--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Physicians--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Slaves--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Local government records--Virginia--Chesterfield County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf (1/2 hollinger)"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf (1/2 hollinger)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months of imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937). The hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChesterfield County was named for Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of Chesterfield, British statesman and diplomat, and was formed from Henrico County in 1749. The county seat is Chesterfield Court House. Part of Henrico County was added to Chesterfield in 1922.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","By 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months of imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937). The hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n","Chesterfield County was named for Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of Chesterfield, British statesman and diplomat, and was formed from Henrico County in 1749. The county seat is Chesterfield Court House. Part of Henrico County was added to Chesterfield in 1922.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904. Local government records collection, Chesterfield County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904. Local government records collection, Chesterfield County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Chesterfield County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Chesterfield County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904, consist of .225cf of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1780-1904, n.d. consists of 4 folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Includes references to several mental hospitals. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1829, 1836-1837, consist of three folders relating to smallpox hospitals and expenses associated with them regarding treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Chesterfield County. Minutes of a meeting of justices of the peace in 1829 provide details of establishing a makeshift hospital at the home of Mr. Frances Watkins, appointing a physician and manager and outlining their duties, fees to be assessed to patients, and proposals for universal vaccination. A hospital near the town of Manchester was established to house patients during an outbreak between Nov. 1836 and April 1837. In addition to several bills and receipts related to hospital supplies and patient treatment are two reports and a letter from the physician to the justices near the close of the outbreak. One detailed hospital statement lists names of patients admitted, the majority of whom were enslaved or free African Americans, and includes the number of days hospitalized and whether a patient survived. Another report lists payments to be made to various personnel, as well as bills to be paid by owners for enslaved people treated, including the number of days treated and burial expenses if applicable. One physician's report also included payments to five free African American nurses, including Katy Cheatham, whose petition to remain in the Commonwealth was granted in 1840 largely due to her commendable service during the 1837 outbreak. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEstate inventory includes valuations of five enslaved people:  George, Davy, Bill, Johnson, and Robert.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe board of Eastern Lunatic Asylum determined that he was not ill and rejected him.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJustices ordered that she be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Richmond.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe was declared a lunatic in November 1883 and taken into custody by the sheriff.  She petitioned the court for her own release.  In January 1884 the executive committee at Eastern State Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg declared her to be of sound mind, and did not accept her.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a letter to Virginia Governor Fitzhugh Lee from R.J. Preston, Superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.), regarding this patient, but in which he writes primarily of the crowded conditions of the hospital and the types of rooms and patients they can accommodate. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a postcard to the sheriff from Randolph Barksdale, Superintendent and Physician of Central Lunatic Asylum (in Petersburg, for African Americans).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file only includes a postcard from Randolph Barksdale, and documents the name change of Central Lunatic Asylum to Central State Hospital, also noting that the hospital is crowded. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter from superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum informing the Sheriff that they have no room, and suggests they apply for Mrs. Baker at Staunton.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter and postcard from Superintendent William F. Drewry of Central State Hospital explaining that these two people (most likely African Americans) cannot be admitted due to overcrowding.  Unlike postcards from just a few years prior, the postcard is pre-printed with text regarding reasons for being unable to admit patients, and has blanks on which to enter information.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a handwritten statement signed by forty neighbors asserting that Garthright has recovered and that they fear no harm from him.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904, consist of .225cf of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1780-1904, n.d. consists of 4 folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Includes references to several mental hospitals. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829, 1836-1837, consist of three folders relating to smallpox hospitals and expenses associated with them regarding treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Chesterfield County. Minutes of a meeting of justices of the peace in 1829 provide details of establishing a makeshift hospital at the home of Mr. Frances Watkins, appointing a physician and manager and outlining their duties, fees to be assessed to patients, and proposals for universal vaccination. A hospital near the town of Manchester was established to house patients during an outbreak between Nov. 1836 and April 1837. In addition to several bills and receipts related to hospital supplies and patient treatment are two reports and a letter from the physician to the justices near the close of the outbreak. One detailed hospital statement lists names of patients admitted, the majority of whom were enslaved or free African Americans, and includes the number of days hospitalized and whether a patient survived. Another report lists payments to be made to various personnel, as well as bills to be paid by owners for enslaved people treated, including the number of days treated and burial expenses if applicable. One physician's report also included payments to five free African American nurses, including Katy Cheatham, whose petition to remain in the Commonwealth was granted in 1840 largely due to her commendable service during the 1837 outbreak. \n","Estate inventory includes valuations of five enslaved people:  George, Davy, Bill, Johnson, and Robert.\n","The board of Eastern Lunatic Asylum determined that he was not ill and rejected him.\n","Justices ordered that she be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Richmond.\n","She was declared a lunatic in November 1883 and taken into custody by the sheriff.  She petitioned the court for her own release.  In January 1884 the executive committee at Eastern State Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg declared her to be of sound mind, and did not accept her.\n","Includes a letter to Virginia Governor Fitzhugh Lee from R.J. Preston, Superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.), regarding this patient, but in which he writes primarily of the crowded conditions of the hospital and the types of rooms and patients they can accommodate. \n","Includes a postcard to the sheriff from Randolph Barksdale, Superintendent and Physician of Central Lunatic Asylum (in Petersburg, for African Americans).\n","This file only includes a postcard from Randolph Barksdale, and documents the name change of Central Lunatic Asylum to Central State Hospital, also noting that the hospital is crowded. \n","Includes letter from superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum informing the Sheriff that they have no room, and suggests they apply for Mrs. Baker at Staunton.\n","Includes letter and postcard from Superintendent William F. Drewry of Central State Hospital explaining that these two people (most likely African Americans) cannot be admitted due to overcrowding.  Unlike postcards from just a few years prior, the postcard is pre-printed with text regarding reasons for being unable to admit patients, and has blanks on which to enter information.\n","Includes a handwritten statement signed by forty neighbors asserting that Garthright has recovered and that they fear no harm from him.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:08:45.570Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05123","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05123","_root_":"vi_vi05123","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05123","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05123.xml","title_ssm":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"title_tesim":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007770387\n"],"text":["0007770387\n","Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","County courts--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Jails--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Physicians--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Slaves--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Local government records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","By 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months of imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937). The hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n","Chesterfield County was named for Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of Chesterfield, British statesman and diplomat, and was formed from Henrico County in 1749. The county seat is Chesterfield Court House. Part of Henrico County was added to Chesterfield in 1922.\n","Additional Chesterfield County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"," Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904, consist of .225cf of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1780-1904, n.d. consists of 4 folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Includes references to several mental hospitals. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829, 1836-1837, consist of three folders relating to smallpox hospitals and expenses associated with them regarding treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Chesterfield County. Minutes of a meeting of justices of the peace in 1829 provide details of establishing a makeshift hospital at the home of Mr. Frances Watkins, appointing a physician and manager and outlining their duties, fees to be assessed to patients, and proposals for universal vaccination. A hospital near the town of Manchester was established to house patients during an outbreak between Nov. 1836 and April 1837. In addition to several bills and receipts related to hospital supplies and patient treatment are two reports and a letter from the physician to the justices near the close of the outbreak. One detailed hospital statement lists names of patients admitted, the majority of whom were enslaved or free African Americans, and includes the number of days hospitalized and whether a patient survived. Another report lists payments to be made to various personnel, as well as bills to be paid by owners for enslaved people treated, including the number of days treated and burial expenses if applicable. One physician's report also included payments to five free African American nurses, including Katy Cheatham, whose petition to remain in the Commonwealth was granted in 1840 largely due to her commendable service during the 1837 outbreak. \n","Estate inventory includes valuations of five enslaved people:  George, Davy, Bill, Johnson, and Robert.\n","The board of Eastern Lunatic Asylum determined that he was not ill and rejected him.\n","Justices ordered that she be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Richmond.\n","She was declared a lunatic in November 1883 and taken into custody by the sheriff.  She petitioned the court for her own release.  In January 1884 the executive committee at Eastern State Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg declared her to be of sound mind, and did not accept her.\n","Includes a letter to Virginia Governor Fitzhugh Lee from R.J. Preston, Superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.), regarding this patient, but in which he writes primarily of the crowded conditions of the hospital and the types of rooms and patients they can accommodate. \n","Includes a postcard to the sheriff from Randolph Barksdale, Superintendent and Physician of Central Lunatic Asylum (in Petersburg, for African Americans).\n","This file only includes a postcard from Randolph Barksdale, and documents the name change of Central Lunatic Asylum to Central State Hospital, also noting that the hospital is crowded. \n","Includes letter from superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum informing the Sheriff that they have no room, and suggests they apply for Mrs. Baker at Staunton.\n","Includes letter and postcard from Superintendent William F. Drewry of Central State Hospital explaining that these two people (most likely African Americans) cannot be admitted due to overcrowding.  Unlike postcards from just a few years prior, the postcard is pre-printed with text regarding reasons for being unable to admit patients, and has blanks on which to enter information.\n","Includes a handwritten statement signed by forty neighbors asserting that Garthright has recovered and that they fear no harm from him.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007770387\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"collection_title_tesim":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"collection_ssim":["Chesterfield County Health and Medical Records, \n1780-1904"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Chesterfield County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","County courts--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Jails--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Physicians--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Slaves--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Local government records--Virginia--Chesterfield County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","County courts--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Jails--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Physicians--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Slaves--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Chesterfield County.","Local government records--Virginia--Chesterfield County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf (1/2 hollinger)"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf (1/2 hollinger)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months of imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937). The hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChesterfield County was named for Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of Chesterfield, British statesman and diplomat, and was formed from Henrico County in 1749. The county seat is Chesterfield Court House. Part of Henrico County was added to Chesterfield in 1922.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","By 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months of imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937). The hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n","Chesterfield County was named for Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth earl of Chesterfield, British statesman and diplomat, and was formed from Henrico County in 1749. The county seat is Chesterfield Court House. Part of Henrico County was added to Chesterfield in 1922.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904. Local government records collection, Chesterfield County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904. Local government records collection, Chesterfield County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Chesterfield County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Chesterfield County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904, consist of .225cf of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1780-1904, n.d. consists of 4 folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Includes references to several mental hospitals. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1829, 1836-1837, consist of three folders relating to smallpox hospitals and expenses associated with them regarding treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Chesterfield County. Minutes of a meeting of justices of the peace in 1829 provide details of establishing a makeshift hospital at the home of Mr. Frances Watkins, appointing a physician and manager and outlining their duties, fees to be assessed to patients, and proposals for universal vaccination. A hospital near the town of Manchester was established to house patients during an outbreak between Nov. 1836 and April 1837. In addition to several bills and receipts related to hospital supplies and patient treatment are two reports and a letter from the physician to the justices near the close of the outbreak. One detailed hospital statement lists names of patients admitted, the majority of whom were enslaved or free African Americans, and includes the number of days hospitalized and whether a patient survived. Another report lists payments to be made to various personnel, as well as bills to be paid by owners for enslaved people treated, including the number of days treated and burial expenses if applicable. One physician's report also included payments to five free African American nurses, including Katy Cheatham, whose petition to remain in the Commonwealth was granted in 1840 largely due to her commendable service during the 1837 outbreak. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEstate inventory includes valuations of five enslaved people:  George, Davy, Bill, Johnson, and Robert.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe board of Eastern Lunatic Asylum determined that he was not ill and rejected him.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJustices ordered that she be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Richmond.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe was declared a lunatic in November 1883 and taken into custody by the sheriff.  She petitioned the court for her own release.  In January 1884 the executive committee at Eastern State Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg declared her to be of sound mind, and did not accept her.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a letter to Virginia Governor Fitzhugh Lee from R.J. Preston, Superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.), regarding this patient, but in which he writes primarily of the crowded conditions of the hospital and the types of rooms and patients they can accommodate. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a postcard to the sheriff from Randolph Barksdale, Superintendent and Physician of Central Lunatic Asylum (in Petersburg, for African Americans).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file only includes a postcard from Randolph Barksdale, and documents the name change of Central Lunatic Asylum to Central State Hospital, also noting that the hospital is crowded. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter from superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum informing the Sheriff that they have no room, and suggests they apply for Mrs. Baker at Staunton.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter and postcard from Superintendent William F. Drewry of Central State Hospital explaining that these two people (most likely African Americans) cannot be admitted due to overcrowding.  Unlike postcards from just a few years prior, the postcard is pre-printed with text regarding reasons for being unable to admit patients, and has blanks on which to enter information.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a handwritten statement signed by forty neighbors asserting that Garthright has recovered and that they fear no harm from him.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Chesterfield County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1780-1904, consist of .225cf of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1780-1904, n.d. consists of 4 folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Includes references to several mental hospitals. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829, 1836-1837, consist of three folders relating to smallpox hospitals and expenses associated with them regarding treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Chesterfield County. Minutes of a meeting of justices of the peace in 1829 provide details of establishing a makeshift hospital at the home of Mr. Frances Watkins, appointing a physician and manager and outlining their duties, fees to be assessed to patients, and proposals for universal vaccination. A hospital near the town of Manchester was established to house patients during an outbreak between Nov. 1836 and April 1837. In addition to several bills and receipts related to hospital supplies and patient treatment are two reports and a letter from the physician to the justices near the close of the outbreak. One detailed hospital statement lists names of patients admitted, the majority of whom were enslaved or free African Americans, and includes the number of days hospitalized and whether a patient survived. Another report lists payments to be made to various personnel, as well as bills to be paid by owners for enslaved people treated, including the number of days treated and burial expenses if applicable. One physician's report also included payments to five free African American nurses, including Katy Cheatham, whose petition to remain in the Commonwealth was granted in 1840 largely due to her commendable service during the 1837 outbreak. \n","Estate inventory includes valuations of five enslaved people:  George, Davy, Bill, Johnson, and Robert.\n","The board of Eastern Lunatic Asylum determined that he was not ill and rejected him.\n","Justices ordered that she be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Richmond.\n","She was declared a lunatic in November 1883 and taken into custody by the sheriff.  She petitioned the court for her own release.  In January 1884 the executive committee at Eastern State Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg declared her to be of sound mind, and did not accept her.\n","Includes a letter to Virginia Governor Fitzhugh Lee from R.J. Preston, Superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.), regarding this patient, but in which he writes primarily of the crowded conditions of the hospital and the types of rooms and patients they can accommodate. \n","Includes a postcard to the sheriff from Randolph Barksdale, Superintendent and Physician of Central Lunatic Asylum (in Petersburg, for African Americans).\n","This file only includes a postcard from Randolph Barksdale, and documents the name change of Central Lunatic Asylum to Central State Hospital, also noting that the hospital is crowded. \n","Includes letter from superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum informing the Sheriff that they have no room, and suggests they apply for Mrs. Baker at Staunton.\n","Includes letter and postcard from Superintendent William F. Drewry of Central State Hospital explaining that these two people (most likely African Americans) cannot be admitted due to overcrowding.  Unlike postcards from just a few years prior, the postcard is pre-printed with text regarding reasons for being unable to admit patients, and has blanks on which to enter information.\n","Includes a handwritten statement signed by forty neighbors asserting that Garthright has recovered and that they fear no harm from him.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:08:45.570Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05123"}},{"id":"vi_vi05124","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05124#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05124#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05124#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05124","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05124","_root_":"vi_vi05124","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05124","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05124.xml","title_ssm":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"title_tesim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1156173\n"],"text":["1156173\n","Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Cumberland County.","County courts--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Jails--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n","Additional Cumberland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"," Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n","Documents pertaining to James Stratten who was sent from jail to Virginia Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg, also referenced as Eastern Asylum. Correspondence indicates he was not accepted in Nov. 1848 but was remanded back to jail and released Jan. 12 1849, only to have been jailed by April 1853 as a lunatic again. \n","Various documents regarding Eastern Lunatic Asylum and Western Lunatic Asylum not admitting certain persons confined to jail. These persons were not considered citizens in jail, even if jailed for lunacy. Thus, asylums would not admit them as patients. \n","letter from James D. Moncure Superintendent of the Penal Hospital and Secretary of Board of Directors to Judge William Pope Dabney regarding a proposition to house white prisoners declared lunatics confined in jails with nowhere to go for hospitalization. \n","Record states he was to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum, which was an asylum for African Americans.\n","Ordered the establishment of smallpox hospitals as necessary in the county's poor houses, with commissioners appointed and physicians and nurses to be employed. \n","An outbreak between February 1837 and July 1838 led justices of the peace to establish a smallpox hospital on the plantation of J.C. Allen under the direction of Dr. Edward J. Erambert.\n","In April 1854 the justices responded to the report of Dr. John Miller and Dr. James Lyle, who declared the home of Rev. Olcott Bulsley to be quarantined and used as a smallpox hospital.  The justices appointed seven men to serves as a \"committee of vigilance\" to enforce the quarantine.\n","References the discharge of \"Martha Jenkins \u0026 child\" and \"another free negro child\". \n","Report of Dr. Thomas L. Robinson and Peter T. Coleman in May 1858 diagnosed Meredith Mayo, free man of color, with smallpox.\n","Establishing smallpox hospital at the home of Adam Wilson on Dr. Willis Wilson's plantation, as Dr. Wilson was infected.  Also orders the nearby families of Beverly Combs and Archer Wilson to be included and to be housed there also under quarantine. \n","There are no restrictions.\n","Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1156173\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Cumberland County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Cumberland County.","County courts--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Jails--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Cumberland County.","County courts--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Jails--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 folders"],"extent_tesim":["2 folders"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904. Local government records collection, Cumberland County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904. Local government records collection, Cumberland County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Cumberland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Cumberland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments pertaining to James Stratten who was sent from jail to Virginia Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg, also referenced as Eastern Asylum. Correspondence indicates he was not accepted in Nov. 1848 but was remanded back to jail and released Jan. 12 1849, only to have been jailed by April 1853 as a lunatic again. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious documents regarding Eastern Lunatic Asylum and Western Lunatic Asylum not admitting certain persons confined to jail. These persons were not considered citizens in jail, even if jailed for lunacy. Thus, asylums would not admit them as patients. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eletter from James D. Moncure Superintendent of the Penal Hospital and Secretary of Board of Directors to Judge William Pope Dabney regarding a proposition to house white prisoners declared lunatics confined in jails with nowhere to go for hospitalization. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord states he was to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum, which was an asylum for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdered the establishment of smallpox hospitals as necessary in the county's poor houses, with commissioners appointed and physicians and nurses to be employed. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn outbreak between February 1837 and July 1838 led justices of the peace to establish a smallpox hospital on the plantation of J.C. Allen under the direction of Dr. Edward J. Erambert.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn April 1854 the justices responded to the report of Dr. John Miller and Dr. James Lyle, who declared the home of Rev. Olcott Bulsley to be quarantined and used as a smallpox hospital.  The justices appointed seven men to serves as a \"committee of vigilance\" to enforce the quarantine.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferences the discharge of \"Martha Jenkins \u0026amp; child\" and \"another free negro child\". \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport of Dr. Thomas L. Robinson and Peter T. Coleman in May 1858 diagnosed Meredith Mayo, free man of color, with smallpox.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEstablishing smallpox hospital at the home of Adam Wilson on Dr. Willis Wilson's plantation, as Dr. Wilson was infected.  Also orders the nearby families of Beverly Combs and Archer Wilson to be included and to be housed there also under quarantine. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n","Documents pertaining to James Stratten who was sent from jail to Virginia Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg, also referenced as Eastern Asylum. Correspondence indicates he was not accepted in Nov. 1848 but was remanded back to jail and released Jan. 12 1849, only to have been jailed by April 1853 as a lunatic again. \n","Various documents regarding Eastern Lunatic Asylum and Western Lunatic Asylum not admitting certain persons confined to jail. These persons were not considered citizens in jail, even if jailed for lunacy. Thus, asylums would not admit them as patients. \n","letter from James D. Moncure Superintendent of the Penal Hospital and Secretary of Board of Directors to Judge William Pope Dabney regarding a proposition to house white prisoners declared lunatics confined in jails with nowhere to go for hospitalization. \n","Record states he was to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum, which was an asylum for African Americans.\n","Ordered the establishment of smallpox hospitals as necessary in the county's poor houses, with commissioners appointed and physicians and nurses to be employed. \n","An outbreak between February 1837 and July 1838 led justices of the peace to establish a smallpox hospital on the plantation of J.C. Allen under the direction of Dr. Edward J. Erambert.\n","In April 1854 the justices responded to the report of Dr. John Miller and Dr. James Lyle, who declared the home of Rev. Olcott Bulsley to be quarantined and used as a smallpox hospital.  The justices appointed seven men to serves as a \"committee of vigilance\" to enforce the quarantine.\n","References the discharge of \"Martha Jenkins \u0026 child\" and \"another free negro child\". \n","Report of Dr. Thomas L. Robinson and Peter T. Coleman in May 1858 diagnosed Meredith Mayo, free man of color, with smallpox.\n","Establishing smallpox hospital at the home of Adam Wilson on Dr. Willis Wilson's plantation, as Dr. Wilson was infected.  Also orders the nearby families of Beverly Combs and Archer Wilson to be included and to be housed there also under quarantine. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:20:26.189Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05124","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05124","_root_":"vi_vi05124","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05124","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05124.xml","title_ssm":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"title_tesim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1156173\n"],"text":["1156173\n","Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Cumberland County.","County courts--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Jails--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n","Additional Cumberland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"," Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n","Documents pertaining to James Stratten who was sent from jail to Virginia Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg, also referenced as Eastern Asylum. Correspondence indicates he was not accepted in Nov. 1848 but was remanded back to jail and released Jan. 12 1849, only to have been jailed by April 1853 as a lunatic again. \n","Various documents regarding Eastern Lunatic Asylum and Western Lunatic Asylum not admitting certain persons confined to jail. These persons were not considered citizens in jail, even if jailed for lunacy. Thus, asylums would not admit them as patients. \n","letter from James D. Moncure Superintendent of the Penal Hospital and Secretary of Board of Directors to Judge William Pope Dabney regarding a proposition to house white prisoners declared lunatics confined in jails with nowhere to go for hospitalization. \n","Record states he was to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum, which was an asylum for African Americans.\n","Ordered the establishment of smallpox hospitals as necessary in the county's poor houses, with commissioners appointed and physicians and nurses to be employed. \n","An outbreak between February 1837 and July 1838 led justices of the peace to establish a smallpox hospital on the plantation of J.C. Allen under the direction of Dr. Edward J. Erambert.\n","In April 1854 the justices responded to the report of Dr. John Miller and Dr. James Lyle, who declared the home of Rev. Olcott Bulsley to be quarantined and used as a smallpox hospital.  The justices appointed seven men to serves as a \"committee of vigilance\" to enforce the quarantine.\n","References the discharge of \"Martha Jenkins \u0026 child\" and \"another free negro child\". \n","Report of Dr. Thomas L. Robinson and Peter T. Coleman in May 1858 diagnosed Meredith Mayo, free man of color, with smallpox.\n","Establishing smallpox hospital at the home of Adam Wilson on Dr. Willis Wilson's plantation, as Dr. Wilson was infected.  Also orders the nearby families of Beverly Combs and Archer Wilson to be included and to be housed there also under quarantine. \n","There are no restrictions.\n","Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1156173\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n1770-1904"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Cumberland County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Cumberland County.","County courts--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Jails--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Cumberland County.","County courts--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Jails--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 folders"],"extent_tesim":["2 folders"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904. Local government records collection, Cumberland County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904. Local government records collection, Cumberland County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Cumberland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Cumberland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments pertaining to James Stratten who was sent from jail to Virginia Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg, also referenced as Eastern Asylum. Correspondence indicates he was not accepted in Nov. 1848 but was remanded back to jail and released Jan. 12 1849, only to have been jailed by April 1853 as a lunatic again. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious documents regarding Eastern Lunatic Asylum and Western Lunatic Asylum not admitting certain persons confined to jail. These persons were not considered citizens in jail, even if jailed for lunacy. Thus, asylums would not admit them as patients. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eletter from James D. Moncure Superintendent of the Penal Hospital and Secretary of Board of Directors to Judge William Pope Dabney regarding a proposition to house white prisoners declared lunatics confined in jails with nowhere to go for hospitalization. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord states he was to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum, which was an asylum for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdered the establishment of smallpox hospitals as necessary in the county's poor houses, with commissioners appointed and physicians and nurses to be employed. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn outbreak between February 1837 and July 1838 led justices of the peace to establish a smallpox hospital on the plantation of J.C. Allen under the direction of Dr. Edward J. Erambert.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn April 1854 the justices responded to the report of Dr. John Miller and Dr. James Lyle, who declared the home of Rev. Olcott Bulsley to be quarantined and used as a smallpox hospital.  The justices appointed seven men to serves as a \"committee of vigilance\" to enforce the quarantine.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferences the discharge of \"Martha Jenkins \u0026amp; child\" and \"another free negro child\". \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport of Dr. Thomas L. Robinson and Peter T. Coleman in May 1858 diagnosed Meredith Mayo, free man of color, with smallpox.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEstablishing smallpox hospital at the home of Adam Wilson on Dr. Willis Wilson's plantation, as Dr. Wilson was infected.  Also orders the nearby families of Beverly Combs and Archer Wilson to be included and to be housed there also under quarantine. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n","Documents pertaining to James Stratten who was sent from jail to Virginia Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg, also referenced as Eastern Asylum. Correspondence indicates he was not accepted in Nov. 1848 but was remanded back to jail and released Jan. 12 1849, only to have been jailed by April 1853 as a lunatic again. \n","Various documents regarding Eastern Lunatic Asylum and Western Lunatic Asylum not admitting certain persons confined to jail. These persons were not considered citizens in jail, even if jailed for lunacy. Thus, asylums would not admit them as patients. \n","letter from James D. Moncure Superintendent of the Penal Hospital and Secretary of Board of Directors to Judge William Pope Dabney regarding a proposition to house white prisoners declared lunatics confined in jails with nowhere to go for hospitalization. \n","Record states he was to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum, which was an asylum for African Americans.\n","Ordered the establishment of smallpox hospitals as necessary in the county's poor houses, with commissioners appointed and physicians and nurses to be employed. \n","An outbreak between February 1837 and July 1838 led justices of the peace to establish a smallpox hospital on the plantation of J.C. Allen under the direction of Dr. Edward J. Erambert.\n","In April 1854 the justices responded to the report of Dr. John Miller and Dr. James Lyle, who declared the home of Rev. Olcott Bulsley to be quarantined and used as a smallpox hospital.  The justices appointed seven men to serves as a \"committee of vigilance\" to enforce the quarantine.\n","References the discharge of \"Martha Jenkins \u0026 child\" and \"another free negro child\". \n","Report of Dr. Thomas L. Robinson and Peter T. Coleman in May 1858 diagnosed Meredith Mayo, free man of color, with smallpox.\n","Establishing smallpox hospital at the home of Adam Wilson on Dr. Willis Wilson's plantation, as Dr. Wilson was infected.  Also orders the nearby families of Beverly Combs and Archer Wilson to be included and to be housed there also under quarantine. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:20:26.189Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05124"}},{"id":"vi_vi05127","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Goochland County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1906","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05127#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Goochland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05127#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e Goochland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1802-1906, comprises one half hollinger box, .225cf; and consists of 6 folders of Mental Health Records, 1802-1906, and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1899-1900. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05127#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05127","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05127","_root_":"vi_vi05127","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05127","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05127.xml","title_ssm":["Goochland County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1906"],"title_tesim":["Goochland County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1906"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007777605\n"],"text":["0007777605\n","Goochland County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1906","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Goochland County.","County courts--Virginia--Goochland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Goochland County.","Jails--Virginia--Goochland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Goochland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Goochland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Goochland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Goochland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Goochland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Goochland County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Goochland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Goochland County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological by year/month/day.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Goochland County was named for Sir William Gooch, lieutenant governor of Virginia from 1727 to 1749. It was formed from Henrico County in 1728.\n","Additional Goochland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"," Goochland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1802-1906, comprises one half hollinger box, .225cf; and consists of 6 folders of Mental Health Records, 1802-1906, and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1899-1900.\n","Mental Health Records, 1802-1906 may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.  Various asylums/hospitals are referenced, including a \"Pinel Hospital\" at Richmond. Several cases 1880-1899 pertain to African-Americans recommended or sent to Central Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg. The physical folders for these cases have been denoted with an asterisk. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1899-1900, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Goochland County. \n","Discharged as cured, from the Hospital for the maintenance and cure of persons of unsound mind, Williamsburg.\n","Committed to the public hospital for persons of unsound mind at Williamsburg in 1807, and in 1818 documentation regarding her estate was presented, which included \"one negro woman with two children, the labour of one of the children may be worth diet \u0026 clothing, one other negro woman with two small children...\"\n","Jailed in Feb. 1846 as a runaway slave; proved in March to be a free man of color, but of unsound mind; in an Apr 3 letter, superintendent of the Eastern Asylum John M. Galt assured there was room for him, and he was transferred there in mid-June. Expenses between Feb-June were to be paid to the jailor from the Commonwealth, according to court document of October. \n","Transferred to Western Lunatic Asylum after having been at the \"Pinel Hospital\" (penal hospital) in Richmond, as the Goochland jail was full and there had been no room at two other asylums at the time.\n","Was to be examined at the schoolhouse at Second Union Church (Colored).\n","Escaped from Central Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg; may also be the same Walter Jackson examined in 1883.\n","Court order directing the sheriff to apprehend Hobson, who broke quarantine near Manakin \"breaking into the lines of said Quarantine.\" Fined $5.00.\n","Court order directing the sheriff to apprehend Hobson, who broke quarantine near Manakin \"going outside of the lines of said Quarantine.\" Fined $5.00.\n","Court order to investigate claim of Dewer for compensation for the use of his land and buildings as a smallpox hospital during the summer of 1899.\n","Court order granting Drewer compensation of $50.00 for use of her property as a smallpox hospital at an unspecified period of time.  It is not clear whether this is the same property as Dewer/Drewer from the Oct. 1899 order.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Goochland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007777605\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Goochland County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1906"],"collection_title_tesim":["Goochland County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1906"],"collection_ssim":["Goochland County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1906"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Goochland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Goochland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Goochland County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Goochland County.","County courts--Virginia--Goochland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Goochland County.","Jails--Virginia--Goochland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Goochland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Goochland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Goochland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Goochland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Goochland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Goochland County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Goochland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Goochland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Goochland County.","County courts--Virginia--Goochland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Goochland County.","Jails--Virginia--Goochland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Goochland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Goochland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Goochland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Goochland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Goochland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Goochland County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Goochland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Goochland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf; 1/2 hollinger box"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf; 1/2 hollinger box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by year/month/day.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by year/month/day.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGoochland County was named for Sir William Gooch, lieutenant governor of Virginia from 1727 to 1749. It was formed from Henrico County in 1728.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Goochland County was named for Sir William Gooch, lieutenant governor of Virginia from 1727 to 1749. It was formed from Henrico County in 1728.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGoochland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1802-1906. Local government records collection, Goochland County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Goochland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1802-1906. Local government records collection, Goochland County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Goochland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Goochland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Goochland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1802-1906, comprises one half hollinger box, .225cf; and consists of 6 folders of Mental Health Records, 1802-1906, and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1899-1900.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1802-1906 may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.  Various asylums/hospitals are referenced, including a \"Pinel Hospital\" at Richmond. Several cases 1880-1899 pertain to African-Americans recommended or sent to Central Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg. The physical folders for these cases have been denoted with an asterisk. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1899-1900, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Goochland County. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDischarged as cured, from the Hospital for the maintenance and cure of persons of unsound mind, Williamsburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommitted to the public hospital for persons of unsound mind at Williamsburg in 1807, and in 1818 documentation regarding her estate was presented, which included \"one negro woman with two children, the labour of one of the children may be worth diet \u0026amp; clothing, one other negro woman with two small children...\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJailed in Feb. 1846 as a runaway slave; proved in March to be a free man of color, but of unsound mind; in an Apr 3 letter, superintendent of the Eastern Asylum John M. Galt assured there was room for him, and he was transferred there in mid-June. Expenses between Feb-June were to be paid to the jailor from the Commonwealth, according to court document of October. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransferred to Western Lunatic Asylum after having been at the \"Pinel Hospital\" (penal hospital) in Richmond, as the Goochland jail was full and there had been no room at two other asylums at the time.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWas to be examined at the schoolhouse at Second Union Church (Colored).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEscaped from Central Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg; may also be the same Walter Jackson examined in 1883.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCourt order directing the sheriff to apprehend Hobson, who broke quarantine near Manakin \"breaking into the lines of said Quarantine.\" Fined $5.00.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCourt order directing the sheriff to apprehend Hobson, who broke quarantine near Manakin \"going outside of the lines of said Quarantine.\" Fined $5.00.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCourt order to investigate claim of Dewer for compensation for the use of his land and buildings as a smallpox hospital during the summer of 1899.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCourt order granting Drewer compensation of $50.00 for use of her property as a smallpox hospital at an unspecified period of time.  It is not clear whether this is the same property as Dewer/Drewer from the Oct. 1899 order.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Goochland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1802-1906, comprises one half hollinger box, .225cf; and consists of 6 folders of Mental Health Records, 1802-1906, and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1899-1900.\n","Mental Health Records, 1802-1906 may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.  Various asylums/hospitals are referenced, including a \"Pinel Hospital\" at Richmond. Several cases 1880-1899 pertain to African-Americans recommended or sent to Central Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg. The physical folders for these cases have been denoted with an asterisk. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1899-1900, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Goochland County. \n","Discharged as cured, from the Hospital for the maintenance and cure of persons of unsound mind, Williamsburg.\n","Committed to the public hospital for persons of unsound mind at Williamsburg in 1807, and in 1818 documentation regarding her estate was presented, which included \"one negro woman with two children, the labour of one of the children may be worth diet \u0026 clothing, one other negro woman with two small children...\"\n","Jailed in Feb. 1846 as a runaway slave; proved in March to be a free man of color, but of unsound mind; in an Apr 3 letter, superintendent of the Eastern Asylum John M. Galt assured there was room for him, and he was transferred there in mid-June. Expenses between Feb-June were to be paid to the jailor from the Commonwealth, according to court document of October. \n","Transferred to Western Lunatic Asylum after having been at the \"Pinel Hospital\" (penal hospital) in Richmond, as the Goochland jail was full and there had been no room at two other asylums at the time.\n","Was to be examined at the schoolhouse at Second Union Church (Colored).\n","Escaped from Central Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg; may also be the same Walter Jackson examined in 1883.\n","Court order directing the sheriff to apprehend Hobson, who broke quarantine near Manakin \"breaking into the lines of said Quarantine.\" Fined $5.00.\n","Court order directing the sheriff to apprehend Hobson, who broke quarantine near Manakin \"going outside of the lines of said Quarantine.\" Fined $5.00.\n","Court order to investigate claim of Dewer for compensation for the use of his land and buildings as a smallpox hospital during the summer of 1899.\n","Court order granting Drewer compensation of $50.00 for use of her property as a smallpox hospital at an unspecified period of time.  It is not clear whether this is the same property as Dewer/Drewer from the Oct. 1899 order.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Goochland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Goochland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:45:27.369Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05127","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05127","_root_":"vi_vi05127","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05127","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05127.xml","title_ssm":["Goochland County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1906"],"title_tesim":["Goochland County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1906"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007777605\n"],"text":["0007777605\n","Goochland County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1906","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Goochland County.","County courts--Virginia--Goochland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Goochland County.","Jails--Virginia--Goochland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Goochland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Goochland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Goochland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Goochland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Goochland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Goochland County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Goochland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Goochland County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological by year/month/day.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Goochland County was named for Sir William Gooch, lieutenant governor of Virginia from 1727 to 1749. It was formed from Henrico County in 1728.\n","Additional Goochland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"," Goochland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1802-1906, comprises one half hollinger box, .225cf; and consists of 6 folders of Mental Health Records, 1802-1906, and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1899-1900.\n","Mental Health Records, 1802-1906 may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.  Various asylums/hospitals are referenced, including a \"Pinel Hospital\" at Richmond. Several cases 1880-1899 pertain to African-Americans recommended or sent to Central Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg. The physical folders for these cases have been denoted with an asterisk. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1899-1900, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Goochland County. \n","Discharged as cured, from the Hospital for the maintenance and cure of persons of unsound mind, Williamsburg.\n","Committed to the public hospital for persons of unsound mind at Williamsburg in 1807, and in 1818 documentation regarding her estate was presented, which included \"one negro woman with two children, the labour of one of the children may be worth diet \u0026 clothing, one other negro woman with two small children...\"\n","Jailed in Feb. 1846 as a runaway slave; proved in March to be a free man of color, but of unsound mind; in an Apr 3 letter, superintendent of the Eastern Asylum John M. Galt assured there was room for him, and he was transferred there in mid-June. Expenses between Feb-June were to be paid to the jailor from the Commonwealth, according to court document of October. \n","Transferred to Western Lunatic Asylum after having been at the \"Pinel Hospital\" (penal hospital) in Richmond, as the Goochland jail was full and there had been no room at two other asylums at the time.\n","Was to be examined at the schoolhouse at Second Union Church (Colored).\n","Escaped from Central Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg; may also be the same Walter Jackson examined in 1883.\n","Court order directing the sheriff to apprehend Hobson, who broke quarantine near Manakin \"breaking into the lines of said Quarantine.\" Fined $5.00.\n","Court order directing the sheriff to apprehend Hobson, who broke quarantine near Manakin \"going outside of the lines of said Quarantine.\" Fined $5.00.\n","Court order to investigate claim of Dewer for compensation for the use of his land and buildings as a smallpox hospital during the summer of 1899.\n","Court order granting Drewer compensation of $50.00 for use of her property as a smallpox hospital at an unspecified period of time.  It is not clear whether this is the same property as Dewer/Drewer from the Oct. 1899 order.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Goochland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007777605\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Goochland County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1906"],"collection_title_tesim":["Goochland County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1906"],"collection_ssim":["Goochland County Health and Medical Records, \n1802-1906"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Goochland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Goochland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Goochland County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Goochland County.","County courts--Virginia--Goochland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Goochland County.","Jails--Virginia--Goochland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Goochland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Goochland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Goochland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Goochland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Goochland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Goochland County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Goochland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Goochland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Goochland County.","County courts--Virginia--Goochland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Goochland County.","Jails--Virginia--Goochland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Goochland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Goochland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Goochland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Goochland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Goochland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Goochland County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Goochland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Goochland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf; 1/2 hollinger box"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf; 1/2 hollinger box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by year/month/day.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by year/month/day.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGoochland County was named for Sir William Gooch, lieutenant governor of Virginia from 1727 to 1749. It was formed from Henrico County in 1728.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Goochland County was named for Sir William Gooch, lieutenant governor of Virginia from 1727 to 1749. It was formed from Henrico County in 1728.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGoochland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1802-1906. Local government records collection, Goochland County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Goochland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1802-1906. Local government records collection, Goochland County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Goochland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Goochland County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Goochland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1802-1906, comprises one half hollinger box, .225cf; and consists of 6 folders of Mental Health Records, 1802-1906, and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1899-1900.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1802-1906 may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.  Various asylums/hospitals are referenced, including a \"Pinel Hospital\" at Richmond. Several cases 1880-1899 pertain to African-Americans recommended or sent to Central Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg. The physical folders for these cases have been denoted with an asterisk. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1899-1900, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Goochland County. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDischarged as cured, from the Hospital for the maintenance and cure of persons of unsound mind, Williamsburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommitted to the public hospital for persons of unsound mind at Williamsburg in 1807, and in 1818 documentation regarding her estate was presented, which included \"one negro woman with two children, the labour of one of the children may be worth diet \u0026amp; clothing, one other negro woman with two small children...\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJailed in Feb. 1846 as a runaway slave; proved in March to be a free man of color, but of unsound mind; in an Apr 3 letter, superintendent of the Eastern Asylum John M. Galt assured there was room for him, and he was transferred there in mid-June. Expenses between Feb-June were to be paid to the jailor from the Commonwealth, according to court document of October. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransferred to Western Lunatic Asylum after having been at the \"Pinel Hospital\" (penal hospital) in Richmond, as the Goochland jail was full and there had been no room at two other asylums at the time.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWas to be examined at the schoolhouse at Second Union Church (Colored).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEscaped from Central Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg; may also be the same Walter Jackson examined in 1883.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCourt order directing the sheriff to apprehend Hobson, who broke quarantine near Manakin \"breaking into the lines of said Quarantine.\" Fined $5.00.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCourt order directing the sheriff to apprehend Hobson, who broke quarantine near Manakin \"going outside of the lines of said Quarantine.\" Fined $5.00.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCourt order to investigate claim of Dewer for compensation for the use of his land and buildings as a smallpox hospital during the summer of 1899.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCourt order granting Drewer compensation of $50.00 for use of her property as a smallpox hospital at an unspecified period of time.  It is not clear whether this is the same property as Dewer/Drewer from the Oct. 1899 order.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Goochland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1802-1906, comprises one half hollinger box, .225cf; and consists of 6 folders of Mental Health Records, 1802-1906, and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1899-1900.\n","Mental Health Records, 1802-1906 may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.  Various asylums/hospitals are referenced, including a \"Pinel Hospital\" at Richmond. Several cases 1880-1899 pertain to African-Americans recommended or sent to Central Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg. The physical folders for these cases have been denoted with an asterisk. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1899-1900, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Goochland County. \n","Discharged as cured, from the Hospital for the maintenance and cure of persons of unsound mind, Williamsburg.\n","Committed to the public hospital for persons of unsound mind at Williamsburg in 1807, and in 1818 documentation regarding her estate was presented, which included \"one negro woman with two children, the labour of one of the children may be worth diet \u0026 clothing, one other negro woman with two small children...\"\n","Jailed in Feb. 1846 as a runaway slave; proved in March to be a free man of color, but of unsound mind; in an Apr 3 letter, superintendent of the Eastern Asylum John M. Galt assured there was room for him, and he was transferred there in mid-June. Expenses between Feb-June were to be paid to the jailor from the Commonwealth, according to court document of October. \n","Transferred to Western Lunatic Asylum after having been at the \"Pinel Hospital\" (penal hospital) in Richmond, as the Goochland jail was full and there had been no room at two other asylums at the time.\n","Was to be examined at the schoolhouse at Second Union Church (Colored).\n","Escaped from Central Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg; may also be the same Walter Jackson examined in 1883.\n","Court order directing the sheriff to apprehend Hobson, who broke quarantine near Manakin \"breaking into the lines of said Quarantine.\" Fined $5.00.\n","Court order directing the sheriff to apprehend Hobson, who broke quarantine near Manakin \"going outside of the lines of said Quarantine.\" Fined $5.00.\n","Court order to investigate claim of Dewer for compensation for the use of his land and buildings as a smallpox hospital during the summer of 1899.\n","Court order granting Drewer compensation of $50.00 for use of her property as a smallpox hospital at an unspecified period of time.  It is not clear whether this is the same property as Dewer/Drewer from the Oct. 1899 order.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Goochland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Goochland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:45:27.369Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05127"}},{"id":"vi_vi05130","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Henrico County Health and Medical Records, \n1830-1896","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05130#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Henrico County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05130#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e Henrico County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1830-1896, consists of three folders: Mental Health Records, Smallpox Epidemic Records, and Other Public Health Records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05130#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05130","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05130","_root_":"vi_vi05130","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05130","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05130.xml","title_ssm":["Henrico County Health and Medical Records, \n1830-1896"],"title_tesim":["Henrico County Health and Medical Records, \n1830-1896"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007784065\n"],"text":["0007784065\n","Henrico County Health and Medical Records, \n1830-1896","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Henrico County.","County courts--Virginia--Henrico County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Henrico County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Henrico County.","Jails--Virginia--Henrico County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Henrico County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Henrico County.","Physicians--Virginia--Henrico County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Henrico County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Henrico County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Henrico County.","Water Quality Management--Virginia--Henrico County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Henrico County.","Local government records--Virginia--Henrico County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","Henrico County was named for Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest son of King James I. It was one of the eight original shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. The county seat is in the western part of the county.\n","Recognized in 1634 as an original shire. All county court records prior to 1655 and almost all prior to 1677 are missing. Many records were destroyed by British troops during the Revolutionary War. Postrevolutionary War county court records exist. Almost all circuit superior court of law and chancery and circuit court records were destroyed by fire during the evacuation of Richmond on April 3, 1865, during the Civil War. The county's circuit court held its sessions at the state courthouse in Richmond.","Additional Henrico County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","Henrico County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Henrico County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site."," Henrico County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1830-1896, consists of three folders:  Mental Health Records, Smallpox Epidemic Records, and Other Public Health Records.\n","Mental Health Records primarily are commitment papers, 1830-1896, pertaining to 21 persons whose mental condition was in question. These may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, physicians, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n","Smallpox Epidemic Records consist of papers relating to a smallpox outbreak in Henrico County and the City of Richmond in 1848 and 1856, the latter of which includes orders by local justices of the peace for three individuals diagnosed with smallpox to be admitted to the local smallpox hospital that year: Warner Morris in June 1856, and two free persons of color: Lizzy Smith in March 1856 and Peter Robinson in February 1856.\n","Other Public Health Records consist of reports of the county board of health and another special committee regarding public health issues in Henrico County and the City of Richmond in 1866, especially relating to stagnant water from former military trenches and drainage of water from city slaughterhouses, as well as a quarantine in 1878 for an unnamed sickness. \n","Deemed harmless and therefore unnecessary to keep him from going at large.\n","Sent to hospital in Williamsburg.\n","Confined to jail.\n","To be sent to hospital in Williamsburg; Estate includes an unnamed enslaved woman and her two children.\n","Certificate of John M. Galt, Superintendent of Eastern Lunatic Asylum, admitting patient, who is from Richmond.\n","Sent to Eastern Lunatic Asylum.\n","Sent to Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg.\n","Found not to be insane.\n","Richmond Hustings Court order for seven people who were refused admittance to asylums were committed to custody and care of N.M. Lee of Richmond. Two white persons: Emma Pemberton, Caspar Marston.  Five \"colored persons\": Mary J. House, Nannie Hall, Louisa Meekins, Henry Harris, George Holcomb.\n","Residing in a private sanitarium in the county of Baltimore in Maryland.\n","Richmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends him discharged as recovered.\n","African American; Richmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends her discharge as recovered.\n","Richmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends him discharged as recovered.\n","Brother seeking to become committee.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Henrico County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007784065\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henrico County Health and Medical Records, \n1830-1896"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henrico County Health and Medical Records, \n1830-1896"],"collection_ssim":["Henrico County Health and Medical Records, \n1830-1896"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Henrico County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Henrico County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Henrico County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Henrico County.","County courts--Virginia--Henrico County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Henrico County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Henrico County.","Jails--Virginia--Henrico County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Henrico County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Henrico County.","Physicians--Virginia--Henrico County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Henrico County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Henrico County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Henrico County.","Water Quality Management--Virginia--Henrico County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Henrico County.","Local government records--Virginia--Henrico County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Henrico County.","County courts--Virginia--Henrico County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Henrico County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Henrico County.","Jails--Virginia--Henrico County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Henrico County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Henrico County.","Physicians--Virginia--Henrico County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Henrico County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Henrico County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Henrico County.","Water Quality Management--Virginia--Henrico County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Henrico County.","Local government records--Virginia--Henrico County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf; 3 folders in 1/2 hollinger box"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf; 3 folders in 1/2 hollinger box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenrico County was named for Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest son of King James I. It was one of the eight original shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. The county seat is in the western part of the county.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecognized in 1634 as an original shire. All county court records prior to 1655 and almost all prior to 1677 are missing. Many records were destroyed by British troops during the Revolutionary War. Postrevolutionary War county court records exist. Almost all circuit superior court of law and chancery and circuit court records were destroyed by fire during the evacuation of Richmond on April 3, 1865, during the Civil War. The county's circuit court held its sessions at the state courthouse in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","Henrico County was named for Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest son of King James I. It was one of the eight original shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. The county seat is in the western part of the county.\n","Recognized in 1634 as an original shire. All county court records prior to 1655 and almost all prior to 1677 are missing. Many records were destroyed by British troops during the Revolutionary War. Postrevolutionary War county court records exist. Almost all circuit superior court of law and chancery and circuit court records were destroyed by fire during the evacuation of Richmond on April 3, 1865, during the Civil War. The county's circuit court held its sessions at the state courthouse in Richmond."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenrico County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1830-1896. Local government records collection, Henrico County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Henrico County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1830-1896. Local government records collection, Henrico County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Henrico County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenrico County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Henrico County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/whatwehave/local/lost/\"\u003eLost Records Localities Database\u003c/extref\u003e found at the Library of Virginia web site.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Henrico County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","Henrico County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Henrico County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Henrico County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1830-1896, consists of three folders:  Mental Health Records, Smallpox Epidemic Records, and Other Public Health Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records primarily are commitment papers, 1830-1896, pertaining to 21 persons whose mental condition was in question. These may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, physicians, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records consist of papers relating to a smallpox outbreak in Henrico County and the City of Richmond in 1848 and 1856, the latter of which includes orders by local justices of the peace for three individuals diagnosed with smallpox to be admitted to the local smallpox hospital that year: Warner Morris in June 1856, and two free persons of color: Lizzy Smith in March 1856 and Peter Robinson in February 1856.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther Public Health Records consist of reports of the county board of health and another special committee regarding public health issues in Henrico County and the City of Richmond in 1866, especially relating to stagnant water from former military trenches and drainage of water from city slaughterhouses, as well as a quarantine in 1878 for an unnamed sickness. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeemed harmless and therefore unnecessary to keep him from going at large.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSent to hospital in Williamsburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConfined to jail.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo be sent to hospital in Williamsburg; Estate includes an unnamed enslaved woman and her two children.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate of John M. Galt, Superintendent of Eastern Lunatic Asylum, admitting patient, who is from Richmond.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSent to Eastern Lunatic Asylum.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSent to Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFound not to be insane.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond Hustings Court order for seven people who were refused admittance to asylums were committed to custody and care of N.M. Lee of Richmond. Two white persons: Emma Pemberton, Caspar Marston.  Five \"colored persons\": Mary J. House, Nannie Hall, Louisa Meekins, Henry Harris, George Holcomb.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResiding in a private sanitarium in the county of Baltimore in Maryland.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends him discharged as recovered.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican American; Richmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends her discharge as recovered.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends him discharged as recovered.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrother seeking to become committee.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Henrico County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1830-1896, consists of three folders:  Mental Health Records, Smallpox Epidemic Records, and Other Public Health Records.\n","Mental Health Records primarily are commitment papers, 1830-1896, pertaining to 21 persons whose mental condition was in question. These may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, physicians, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n","Smallpox Epidemic Records consist of papers relating to a smallpox outbreak in Henrico County and the City of Richmond in 1848 and 1856, the latter of which includes orders by local justices of the peace for three individuals diagnosed with smallpox to be admitted to the local smallpox hospital that year: Warner Morris in June 1856, and two free persons of color: Lizzy Smith in March 1856 and Peter Robinson in February 1856.\n","Other Public Health Records consist of reports of the county board of health and another special committee regarding public health issues in Henrico County and the City of Richmond in 1866, especially relating to stagnant water from former military trenches and drainage of water from city slaughterhouses, as well as a quarantine in 1878 for an unnamed sickness. \n","Deemed harmless and therefore unnecessary to keep him from going at large.\n","Sent to hospital in Williamsburg.\n","Confined to jail.\n","To be sent to hospital in Williamsburg; Estate includes an unnamed enslaved woman and her two children.\n","Certificate of John M. Galt, Superintendent of Eastern Lunatic Asylum, admitting patient, who is from Richmond.\n","Sent to Eastern Lunatic Asylum.\n","Sent to Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg.\n","Found not to be insane.\n","Richmond Hustings Court order for seven people who were refused admittance to asylums were committed to custody and care of N.M. Lee of Richmond. Two white persons: Emma Pemberton, Caspar Marston.  Five \"colored persons\": Mary J. House, Nannie Hall, Louisa Meekins, Henry Harris, George Holcomb.\n","Residing in a private sanitarium in the county of Baltimore in Maryland.\n","Richmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends him discharged as recovered.\n","African American; Richmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends her discharge as recovered.\n","Richmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends him discharged as recovered.\n","Brother seeking to become committee.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Henrico County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Henrico County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:17:20.689Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05130","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05130","_root_":"vi_vi05130","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05130","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05130.xml","title_ssm":["Henrico County Health and Medical Records, \n1830-1896"],"title_tesim":["Henrico County Health and Medical Records, \n1830-1896"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007784065\n"],"text":["0007784065\n","Henrico County Health and Medical Records, \n1830-1896","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Henrico County.","County courts--Virginia--Henrico County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Henrico County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Henrico County.","Jails--Virginia--Henrico County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Henrico County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Henrico County.","Physicians--Virginia--Henrico County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Henrico County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Henrico County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Henrico County.","Water Quality Management--Virginia--Henrico County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Henrico County.","Local government records--Virginia--Henrico County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","Henrico County was named for Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest son of King James I. It was one of the eight original shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. The county seat is in the western part of the county.\n","Recognized in 1634 as an original shire. All county court records prior to 1655 and almost all prior to 1677 are missing. Many records were destroyed by British troops during the Revolutionary War. Postrevolutionary War county court records exist. Almost all circuit superior court of law and chancery and circuit court records were destroyed by fire during the evacuation of Richmond on April 3, 1865, during the Civil War. The county's circuit court held its sessions at the state courthouse in Richmond.","Additional Henrico County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","Henrico County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Henrico County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site."," Henrico County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1830-1896, consists of three folders:  Mental Health Records, Smallpox Epidemic Records, and Other Public Health Records.\n","Mental Health Records primarily are commitment papers, 1830-1896, pertaining to 21 persons whose mental condition was in question. These may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, physicians, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n","Smallpox Epidemic Records consist of papers relating to a smallpox outbreak in Henrico County and the City of Richmond in 1848 and 1856, the latter of which includes orders by local justices of the peace for three individuals diagnosed with smallpox to be admitted to the local smallpox hospital that year: Warner Morris in June 1856, and two free persons of color: Lizzy Smith in March 1856 and Peter Robinson in February 1856.\n","Other Public Health Records consist of reports of the county board of health and another special committee regarding public health issues in Henrico County and the City of Richmond in 1866, especially relating to stagnant water from former military trenches and drainage of water from city slaughterhouses, as well as a quarantine in 1878 for an unnamed sickness. \n","Deemed harmless and therefore unnecessary to keep him from going at large.\n","Sent to hospital in Williamsburg.\n","Confined to jail.\n","To be sent to hospital in Williamsburg; Estate includes an unnamed enslaved woman and her two children.\n","Certificate of John M. Galt, Superintendent of Eastern Lunatic Asylum, admitting patient, who is from Richmond.\n","Sent to Eastern Lunatic Asylum.\n","Sent to Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg.\n","Found not to be insane.\n","Richmond Hustings Court order for seven people who were refused admittance to asylums were committed to custody and care of N.M. Lee of Richmond. Two white persons: Emma Pemberton, Caspar Marston.  Five \"colored persons\": Mary J. House, Nannie Hall, Louisa Meekins, Henry Harris, George Holcomb.\n","Residing in a private sanitarium in the county of Baltimore in Maryland.\n","Richmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends him discharged as recovered.\n","African American; Richmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends her discharge as recovered.\n","Richmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends him discharged as recovered.\n","Brother seeking to become committee.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Henrico County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007784065\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henrico County Health and Medical Records, \n1830-1896"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henrico County Health and Medical Records, \n1830-1896"],"collection_ssim":["Henrico County Health and Medical Records, \n1830-1896"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Henrico County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Henrico County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Henrico County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Henrico County.","County courts--Virginia--Henrico County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Henrico County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Henrico County.","Jails--Virginia--Henrico County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Henrico County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Henrico County.","Physicians--Virginia--Henrico County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Henrico County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Henrico County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Henrico County.","Water Quality Management--Virginia--Henrico County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Henrico County.","Local government records--Virginia--Henrico County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Henrico County.","County courts--Virginia--Henrico County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Henrico County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Henrico County.","Jails--Virginia--Henrico County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Henrico County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Henrico County.","Physicians--Virginia--Henrico County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Henrico County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Henrico County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Henrico County.","Water Quality Management--Virginia--Henrico County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Henrico County.","Local government records--Virginia--Henrico County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf; 3 folders in 1/2 hollinger box"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf; 3 folders in 1/2 hollinger box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenrico County was named for Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest son of King James I. It was one of the eight original shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. The county seat is in the western part of the county.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecognized in 1634 as an original shire. All county court records prior to 1655 and almost all prior to 1677 are missing. Many records were destroyed by British troops during the Revolutionary War. Postrevolutionary War county court records exist. Almost all circuit superior court of law and chancery and circuit court records were destroyed by fire during the evacuation of Richmond on April 3, 1865, during the Civil War. The county's circuit court held its sessions at the state courthouse in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","Henrico County was named for Henry, Prince of Wales, eldest son of King James I. It was one of the eight original shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. The county seat is in the western part of the county.\n","Recognized in 1634 as an original shire. All county court records prior to 1655 and almost all prior to 1677 are missing. Many records were destroyed by British troops during the Revolutionary War. Postrevolutionary War county court records exist. Almost all circuit superior court of law and chancery and circuit court records were destroyed by fire during the evacuation of Richmond on April 3, 1865, during the Civil War. The county's circuit court held its sessions at the state courthouse in Richmond."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenrico County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1830-1896. Local government records collection, Henrico County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Henrico County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1830-1896. Local government records collection, Henrico County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Henrico County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenrico County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Henrico County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/whatwehave/local/lost/\"\u003eLost Records Localities Database\u003c/extref\u003e found at the Library of Virginia web site.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Henrico County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","Henrico County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Henrico County Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Database  found at the Library of Virginia web site."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Henrico County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1830-1896, consists of three folders:  Mental Health Records, Smallpox Epidemic Records, and Other Public Health Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records primarily are commitment papers, 1830-1896, pertaining to 21 persons whose mental condition was in question. These may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, physicians, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records consist of papers relating to a smallpox outbreak in Henrico County and the City of Richmond in 1848 and 1856, the latter of which includes orders by local justices of the peace for three individuals diagnosed with smallpox to be admitted to the local smallpox hospital that year: Warner Morris in June 1856, and two free persons of color: Lizzy Smith in March 1856 and Peter Robinson in February 1856.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther Public Health Records consist of reports of the county board of health and another special committee regarding public health issues in Henrico County and the City of Richmond in 1866, especially relating to stagnant water from former military trenches and drainage of water from city slaughterhouses, as well as a quarantine in 1878 for an unnamed sickness. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeemed harmless and therefore unnecessary to keep him from going at large.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSent to hospital in Williamsburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConfined to jail.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo be sent to hospital in Williamsburg; Estate includes an unnamed enslaved woman and her two children.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate of John M. Galt, Superintendent of Eastern Lunatic Asylum, admitting patient, who is from Richmond.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSent to Eastern Lunatic Asylum.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSent to Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFound not to be insane.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond Hustings Court order for seven people who were refused admittance to asylums were committed to custody and care of N.M. Lee of Richmond. Two white persons: Emma Pemberton, Caspar Marston.  Five \"colored persons\": Mary J. House, Nannie Hall, Louisa Meekins, Henry Harris, George Holcomb.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResiding in a private sanitarium in the county of Baltimore in Maryland.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends him discharged as recovered.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican American; Richmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends her discharge as recovered.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends him discharged as recovered.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrother seeking to become committee.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Henrico County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1830-1896, consists of three folders:  Mental Health Records, Smallpox Epidemic Records, and Other Public Health Records.\n","Mental Health Records primarily are commitment papers, 1830-1896, pertaining to 21 persons whose mental condition was in question. These may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, physicians, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n","Smallpox Epidemic Records consist of papers relating to a smallpox outbreak in Henrico County and the City of Richmond in 1848 and 1856, the latter of which includes orders by local justices of the peace for three individuals diagnosed with smallpox to be admitted to the local smallpox hospital that year: Warner Morris in June 1856, and two free persons of color: Lizzy Smith in March 1856 and Peter Robinson in February 1856.\n","Other Public Health Records consist of reports of the county board of health and another special committee regarding public health issues in Henrico County and the City of Richmond in 1866, especially relating to stagnant water from former military trenches and drainage of water from city slaughterhouses, as well as a quarantine in 1878 for an unnamed sickness. \n","Deemed harmless and therefore unnecessary to keep him from going at large.\n","Sent to hospital in Williamsburg.\n","Confined to jail.\n","To be sent to hospital in Williamsburg; Estate includes an unnamed enslaved woman and her two children.\n","Certificate of John M. Galt, Superintendent of Eastern Lunatic Asylum, admitting patient, who is from Richmond.\n","Sent to Eastern Lunatic Asylum.\n","Sent to Lunatic Asylum at Williamsburg.\n","Found not to be insane.\n","Richmond Hustings Court order for seven people who were refused admittance to asylums were committed to custody and care of N.M. Lee of Richmond. Two white persons: Emma Pemberton, Caspar Marston.  Five \"colored persons\": Mary J. House, Nannie Hall, Louisa Meekins, Henry Harris, George Holcomb.\n","Residing in a private sanitarium in the county of Baltimore in Maryland.\n","Richmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends him discharged as recovered.\n","African American; Richmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends her discharge as recovered.\n","Richmond jail physician Charles N. Chalkley recommends him discharged as recovered.\n","Brother seeking to become committee.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Henrico County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Henrico County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:17:20.689Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05130"}},{"id":"vi_vi05131","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Henry County Health and Medical Records, \n1790-1903","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05131#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Henry County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05131#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1790-1903, consists of five folders of Mental Health Records spanning those inclusive dates, and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1863-1901. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05131#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05131","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05131","_root_":"vi_vi05131","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05131","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05131.xml","title_ssm":["Henry County Health and Medical Records, \n1790-1903"],"title_tesim":["Henry County Health and Medical Records, \n1790-1903"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007785153\n"],"text":["0007785153\n","Henry County Health and Medical Records, \n1790-1903","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Henry County.","County courts--Virginia--Henry County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Henry County.","Jails--Virginia--Henry County.","Mental Health Facilities--Virginia.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Henry County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Henry County.","Physicians--Virginia--Henry County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Henry County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Henry County.","Slaves--Virginia--Henry County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Henry County.","Smallpox Prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Henry County.","Local government records--Virginia--Henry County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. Reports of physicians listing examinations of multiple patients in a given year are filed at the beginning of a year, with names written on the folder. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n","In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River. The board selected a 208-acre site in Smyth County and in August 1884 the General Assembly gave the board the power to purchase the land for thirty thousand dollars and granted the county the right to issue bonds as well. In November 1884 the General Assembly formally established the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum, near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black, J. Hoge Tyler, Thomas J. Boyd, D.D. Hull, Dr. John S. Apperson, N.L. Look and F.B. Hurt were appointed to the building committee which was tasked with overseeing the construction of the hospital.\n","Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937).\nThe hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n","Henry County was named for Patrick Henry, who was the first governor of the commonwealth of Virginia. It was formed from Pittsylvania County in 1776. The county court first met on 20 January 1777. Part of Patrick County was added later in 1858. \n","Additional Henry County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","Henry County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1790-1903, consists of five folders of Mental Health Records spanning those inclusive dates, and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1863-1901. \n","Mental Health Records, 1790-1903, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane are occasionally present. See other collections of Henry County Fiduciary Records or Tax and Fiscal Records for mental-health-related materials that are not filed here. Includes African-American individuals, who were identified as such if they were primarily denoted as colored or if the hospitals at Petersburg or Howard's Grove were referenced. References to other mental hospitals include those at Williamsburg, Richmond, Staunton, and Marion.\n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1863-1901, n.d., consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Henry County as reported by justices of the peace. The earliest documents are two 1863 invoices, one of John M. Feazel requesting payment for services as a nurse during a smallpox outbreak that spring, the other of Dr. J. Bishop for treatment of 8 individuals; one of whom had died. Also includes an August 1895 order to apprehend \"Duch\" Hairston, who was believed to have been exposed to smallpox in Patrick County a few days prior and thus to be at risk of possibly infecting persons in Henry County. Includes an order for doctors to examine a potentially infected person named Bud Salmons in June 1898. References an enforced quarantine of the family of Tom Morrison and others in March and April 1900 and the quarantine of Anderson and Nat Coan in 1901.\n","African-Americans identified: David Hairston, Ruth Hairston, Taliaferro Pace, Elzy Redd, Stephen Scales\n","African-Americans identified: Patsy Hairston\n","African-Americans identified: Dave Hairston, Eveline Hairston, Isobella Hairston, Dave Harrington, Anna Eggleton, Henry Preston, Pate Proctor, Betsy Redd, Polly Redd\n","African-Americans identified: Joanna Dillard, Minerva Dodson, Fannie Gravely, Emma Hundley, Callie Koger, Lucinda Philpott, Elkana Turner, Alice Walker, Francis Wootten\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Henry County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Western State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007785153\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry County Health and Medical Records, \n1790-1903"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry County Health and Medical Records, \n1790-1903"],"collection_ssim":["Henry County Health and Medical Records, \n1790-1903"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Henry County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Henry County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Henry County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Henry County.","County courts--Virginia--Henry County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Henry County.","Jails--Virginia--Henry County.","Mental Health Facilities--Virginia.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Henry County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Henry County.","Physicians--Virginia--Henry County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Henry County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Henry County.","Slaves--Virginia--Henry County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Henry County.","Smallpox Prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Henry County.","Local government records--Virginia--Henry County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Henry County.","County courts--Virginia--Henry County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Henry County.","Jails--Virginia--Henry County.","Mental Health Facilities--Virginia.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Henry County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Henry County.","Physicians--Virginia--Henry County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Henry County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Henry County.","Slaves--Virginia--Henry County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Henry County.","Smallpox Prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Henry County.","Local government records--Virginia--Henry County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".45 cf; 1 hollinger box"],"extent_tesim":[".45 cf; 1 hollinger box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records are arranged chronologically by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. Reports of physicians listing examinations of multiple patients in a given year are filed at the beginning of a year, with names written on the folder. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. Reports of physicians listing examinations of multiple patients in a given year are filed at the beginning of a year, with names written on the folder. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River. The board selected a 208-acre site in Smyth County and in August 1884 the General Assembly gave the board the power to purchase the land for thirty thousand dollars and granted the county the right to issue bonds as well. In November 1884 the General Assembly formally established the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum, near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black, J. Hoge Tyler, Thomas J. Boyd, D.D. Hull, Dr. John S. Apperson, N.L. Look and F.B. Hurt were appointed to the building committee which was tasked with overseeing the construction of the hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937).\nThe hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry County was named for Patrick Henry, who was the first governor of the commonwealth of Virginia. It was formed from Pittsylvania County in 1776. The county court first met on 20 January 1777. Part of Patrick County was added later in 1858. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n","In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River. The board selected a 208-acre site in Smyth County and in August 1884 the General Assembly gave the board the power to purchase the land for thirty thousand dollars and granted the county the right to issue bonds as well. In November 1884 the General Assembly formally established the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum, near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black, J. Hoge Tyler, Thomas J. Boyd, D.D. Hull, Dr. John S. Apperson, N.L. Look and F.B. Hurt were appointed to the building committee which was tasked with overseeing the construction of the hospital.\n","Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937).\nThe hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n","Henry County was named for Patrick Henry, who was the first governor of the commonwealth of Virginia. It was formed from Pittsylvania County in 1776. The county court first met on 20 January 1777. Part of Patrick County was added later in 1858. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1790-1903. Local government records collection, Henry County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Henry County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1790-1903. Local government records collection, Henry County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Henry County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Henry County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1790-1903, consists of five folders of Mental Health Records spanning those inclusive dates, and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1863-1901. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1790-1903, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane are occasionally present. See other collections of Henry County Fiduciary Records or Tax and Fiscal Records for mental-health-related materials that are not filed here. Includes African-American individuals, who were identified as such if they were primarily denoted as colored or if the hospitals at Petersburg or Howard's Grove were referenced. References to other mental hospitals include those at Williamsburg, Richmond, Staunton, and Marion.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1863-1901, n.d., consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Henry County as reported by justices of the peace. The earliest documents are two 1863 invoices, one of John M. Feazel requesting payment for services as a nurse during a smallpox outbreak that spring, the other of Dr. J. Bishop for treatment of 8 individuals; one of whom had died. Also includes an August 1895 order to apprehend \"Duch\" Hairston, who was believed to have been exposed to smallpox in Patrick County a few days prior and thus to be at risk of possibly infecting persons in Henry County. Includes an order for doctors to examine a potentially infected person named Bud Salmons in June 1898. References an enforced quarantine of the family of Tom Morrison and others in March and April 1900 and the quarantine of Anderson and Nat Coan in 1901.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-Americans identified: David Hairston, Ruth Hairston, Taliaferro Pace, Elzy Redd, Stephen Scales\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-Americans identified: Patsy Hairston\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-Americans identified: Dave Hairston, Eveline Hairston, Isobella Hairston, Dave Harrington, Anna Eggleton, Henry Preston, Pate Proctor, Betsy Redd, Polly Redd\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-Americans identified: Joanna Dillard, Minerva Dodson, Fannie Gravely, Emma Hundley, Callie Koger, Lucinda Philpott, Elkana Turner, Alice Walker, Francis Wootten\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Henry County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1790-1903, consists of five folders of Mental Health Records spanning those inclusive dates, and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1863-1901. \n","Mental Health Records, 1790-1903, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane are occasionally present. See other collections of Henry County Fiduciary Records or Tax and Fiscal Records for mental-health-related materials that are not filed here. Includes African-American individuals, who were identified as such if they were primarily denoted as colored or if the hospitals at Petersburg or Howard's Grove were referenced. References to other mental hospitals include those at Williamsburg, Richmond, Staunton, and Marion.\n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1863-1901, n.d., consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Henry County as reported by justices of the peace. The earliest documents are two 1863 invoices, one of John M. Feazel requesting payment for services as a nurse during a smallpox outbreak that spring, the other of Dr. J. Bishop for treatment of 8 individuals; one of whom had died. Also includes an August 1895 order to apprehend \"Duch\" Hairston, who was believed to have been exposed to smallpox in Patrick County a few days prior and thus to be at risk of possibly infecting persons in Henry County. Includes an order for doctors to examine a potentially infected person named Bud Salmons in June 1898. References an enforced quarantine of the family of Tom Morrison and others in March and April 1900 and the quarantine of Anderson and Nat Coan in 1901.\n","African-Americans identified: David Hairston, Ruth Hairston, Taliaferro Pace, Elzy Redd, Stephen Scales\n","African-Americans identified: Patsy Hairston\n","African-Americans identified: Dave Hairston, Eveline Hairston, Isobella Hairston, Dave Harrington, Anna Eggleton, Henry Preston, Pate Proctor, Betsy Redd, Polly Redd\n","African-Americans identified: Joanna Dillard, Minerva Dodson, Fannie Gravely, Emma Hundley, Callie Koger, Lucinda Philpott, Elkana Turner, Alice Walker, Francis Wootten\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Henry County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Western State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Henry County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Western State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:53:32.307Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05131","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05131","_root_":"vi_vi05131","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05131","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05131.xml","title_ssm":["Henry County Health and Medical Records, \n1790-1903"],"title_tesim":["Henry County Health and Medical Records, \n1790-1903"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007785153\n"],"text":["0007785153\n","Henry County Health and Medical Records, \n1790-1903","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Henry County.","County courts--Virginia--Henry County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Henry County.","Jails--Virginia--Henry County.","Mental Health Facilities--Virginia.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Henry County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Henry County.","Physicians--Virginia--Henry County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Henry County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Henry County.","Slaves--Virginia--Henry County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Henry County.","Smallpox Prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Henry County.","Local government records--Virginia--Henry County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. Reports of physicians listing examinations of multiple patients in a given year are filed at the beginning of a year, with names written on the folder. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n","In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River. The board selected a 208-acre site in Smyth County and in August 1884 the General Assembly gave the board the power to purchase the land for thirty thousand dollars and granted the county the right to issue bonds as well. In November 1884 the General Assembly formally established the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum, near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black, J. Hoge Tyler, Thomas J. Boyd, D.D. Hull, Dr. John S. Apperson, N.L. Look and F.B. Hurt were appointed to the building committee which was tasked with overseeing the construction of the hospital.\n","Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937).\nThe hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n","Henry County was named for Patrick Henry, who was the first governor of the commonwealth of Virginia. It was formed from Pittsylvania County in 1776. The county court first met on 20 January 1777. Part of Patrick County was added later in 1858. \n","Additional Henry County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","Henry County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1790-1903, consists of five folders of Mental Health Records spanning those inclusive dates, and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1863-1901. \n","Mental Health Records, 1790-1903, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane are occasionally present. See other collections of Henry County Fiduciary Records or Tax and Fiscal Records for mental-health-related materials that are not filed here. Includes African-American individuals, who were identified as such if they were primarily denoted as colored or if the hospitals at Petersburg or Howard's Grove were referenced. References to other mental hospitals include those at Williamsburg, Richmond, Staunton, and Marion.\n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1863-1901, n.d., consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Henry County as reported by justices of the peace. The earliest documents are two 1863 invoices, one of John M. Feazel requesting payment for services as a nurse during a smallpox outbreak that spring, the other of Dr. J. Bishop for treatment of 8 individuals; one of whom had died. Also includes an August 1895 order to apprehend \"Duch\" Hairston, who was believed to have been exposed to smallpox in Patrick County a few days prior and thus to be at risk of possibly infecting persons in Henry County. Includes an order for doctors to examine a potentially infected person named Bud Salmons in June 1898. References an enforced quarantine of the family of Tom Morrison and others in March and April 1900 and the quarantine of Anderson and Nat Coan in 1901.\n","African-Americans identified: David Hairston, Ruth Hairston, Taliaferro Pace, Elzy Redd, Stephen Scales\n","African-Americans identified: Patsy Hairston\n","African-Americans identified: Dave Hairston, Eveline Hairston, Isobella Hairston, Dave Harrington, Anna Eggleton, Henry Preston, Pate Proctor, Betsy Redd, Polly Redd\n","African-Americans identified: Joanna Dillard, Minerva Dodson, Fannie Gravely, Emma Hundley, Callie Koger, Lucinda Philpott, Elkana Turner, Alice Walker, Francis Wootten\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Henry County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Western State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007785153\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry County Health and Medical Records, \n1790-1903"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry County Health and Medical Records, \n1790-1903"],"collection_ssim":["Henry County Health and Medical Records, \n1790-1903"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Henry County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Henry County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Henry County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Henry County.","County courts--Virginia--Henry County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Henry County.","Jails--Virginia--Henry County.","Mental Health Facilities--Virginia.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Henry County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Henry County.","Physicians--Virginia--Henry County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Henry County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Henry County.","Slaves--Virginia--Henry County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Henry County.","Smallpox Prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Henry County.","Local government records--Virginia--Henry County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Henry County.","County courts--Virginia--Henry County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Henry County.","Jails--Virginia--Henry County.","Mental Health Facilities--Virginia.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Henry County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Henry County.","Physicians--Virginia--Henry County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Henry County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Henry County.","Slaves--Virginia--Henry County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Henry County.","Smallpox Prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Henry County.","Local government records--Virginia--Henry County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".45 cf; 1 hollinger box"],"extent_tesim":[".45 cf; 1 hollinger box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records are arranged chronologically by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. Reports of physicians listing examinations of multiple patients in a given year are filed at the beginning of a year, with names written on the folder. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. Reports of physicians listing examinations of multiple patients in a given year are filed at the beginning of a year, with names written on the folder. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River. The board selected a 208-acre site in Smyth County and in August 1884 the General Assembly gave the board the power to purchase the land for thirty thousand dollars and granted the county the right to issue bonds as well. In November 1884 the General Assembly formally established the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum, near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black, J. Hoge Tyler, Thomas J. Boyd, D.D. Hull, Dr. John S. Apperson, N.L. Look and F.B. Hurt were appointed to the building committee which was tasked with overseeing the construction of the hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937).\nThe hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry County was named for Patrick Henry, who was the first governor of the commonwealth of Virginia. It was formed from Pittsylvania County in 1776. The county court first met on 20 January 1777. Part of Patrick County was added later in 1858. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n","In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1884 the Virginia General Assembly appointed a board of commissioners to select a site for a new lunatic asylum for white citizens to be built west of New River. The board selected a 208-acre site in Smyth County and in August 1884 the General Assembly gave the board the power to purchase the land for thirty thousand dollars and granted the county the right to issue bonds as well. In November 1884 the General Assembly formally established the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum, near Marion, Virginia. Dr. Harvey Black, J. Hoge Tyler, Thomas J. Boyd, D.D. Hull, Dr. John S. Apperson, N.L. Look and F.B. Hurt were appointed to the building committee which was tasked with overseeing the construction of the hospital.\n","Dr. Harvey Black became the first superintendent of Southwestern Lunatic Asylum when it opened in May 1887. Dr. Robert J. Preston and Dr. John S. Apperson served as assistant physicians, and Mr. C.W. White was appointed as steward to oversee the day-to-day business operations of the hospital. The patient population grew steadily and over time several buildings were added to the hospital's campus including a tuberculosis treatment building, a building for the criminally insane, the Davis Clinic, and the Harmon Building. For much of its early history, the hospital was mostly self-sufficient through the utilization of its own farm for meat, milk, and vegetables. Other early hospital superintendents include Dr. Robert J. Preston (1888-1906), Dr. Daniel Trigg (1906-1908), Dr. J.C. King (1908-1915), Dr. E.H. Henderson (1915-1927), and Dr. George A. Wright (1927-1937).\nThe hospital has gone through two name changes in its history. In 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name from Southwestern Lunatic Asylum to Southwestern State Hospital. In 1988, the name was changed to Southwestern Virginia Mental Health Institute.\n","Henry County was named for Patrick Henry, who was the first governor of the commonwealth of Virginia. It was formed from Pittsylvania County in 1776. The county court first met on 20 January 1777. Part of Patrick County was added later in 1858. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1790-1903. Local government records collection, Henry County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Henry County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1790-1903. Local government records collection, Henry County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Henry County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Henry County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1790-1903, consists of five folders of Mental Health Records spanning those inclusive dates, and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1863-1901. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1790-1903, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane are occasionally present. See other collections of Henry County Fiduciary Records or Tax and Fiscal Records for mental-health-related materials that are not filed here. Includes African-American individuals, who were identified as such if they were primarily denoted as colored or if the hospitals at Petersburg or Howard's Grove were referenced. References to other mental hospitals include those at Williamsburg, Richmond, Staunton, and Marion.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1863-1901, n.d., consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Henry County as reported by justices of the peace. The earliest documents are two 1863 invoices, one of John M. Feazel requesting payment for services as a nurse during a smallpox outbreak that spring, the other of Dr. J. Bishop for treatment of 8 individuals; one of whom had died. Also includes an August 1895 order to apprehend \"Duch\" Hairston, who was believed to have been exposed to smallpox in Patrick County a few days prior and thus to be at risk of possibly infecting persons in Henry County. Includes an order for doctors to examine a potentially infected person named Bud Salmons in June 1898. References an enforced quarantine of the family of Tom Morrison and others in March and April 1900 and the quarantine of Anderson and Nat Coan in 1901.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-Americans identified: David Hairston, Ruth Hairston, Taliaferro Pace, Elzy Redd, Stephen Scales\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-Americans identified: Patsy Hairston\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-Americans identified: Dave Hairston, Eveline Hairston, Isobella Hairston, Dave Harrington, Anna Eggleton, Henry Preston, Pate Proctor, Betsy Redd, Polly Redd\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-Americans identified: Joanna Dillard, Minerva Dodson, Fannie Gravely, Emma Hundley, Callie Koger, Lucinda Philpott, Elkana Turner, Alice Walker, Francis Wootten\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Henry County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1790-1903, consists of five folders of Mental Health Records spanning those inclusive dates, and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1863-1901. \n","Mental Health Records, 1790-1903, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane are occasionally present. See other collections of Henry County Fiduciary Records or Tax and Fiscal Records for mental-health-related materials that are not filed here. Includes African-American individuals, who were identified as such if they were primarily denoted as colored or if the hospitals at Petersburg or Howard's Grove were referenced. References to other mental hospitals include those at Williamsburg, Richmond, Staunton, and Marion.\n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1863-1901, n.d., consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Henry County as reported by justices of the peace. The earliest documents are two 1863 invoices, one of John M. Feazel requesting payment for services as a nurse during a smallpox outbreak that spring, the other of Dr. J. Bishop for treatment of 8 individuals; one of whom had died. Also includes an August 1895 order to apprehend \"Duch\" Hairston, who was believed to have been exposed to smallpox in Patrick County a few days prior and thus to be at risk of possibly infecting persons in Henry County. Includes an order for doctors to examine a potentially infected person named Bud Salmons in June 1898. References an enforced quarantine of the family of Tom Morrison and others in March and April 1900 and the quarantine of Anderson and Nat Coan in 1901.\n","African-Americans identified: David Hairston, Ruth Hairston, Taliaferro Pace, Elzy Redd, Stephen Scales\n","African-Americans identified: Patsy Hairston\n","African-Americans identified: Dave Hairston, Eveline Hairston, Isobella Hairston, Dave Harrington, Anna Eggleton, Henry Preston, Pate Proctor, Betsy Redd, Polly Redd\n","African-Americans identified: Joanna Dillard, Minerva Dodson, Fannie Gravely, Emma Hundley, Callie Koger, Lucinda Philpott, Elkana Turner, Alice Walker, Francis Wootten\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Henry County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Western State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Henry County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Western State Hospital (Va.).","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum (Marion, Va.).","Southwestern State Hospital (Marion, Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:53:32.307Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05131"}},{"id":"vi_vi05132","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"King George County Health and Medical Records, \n1885-1899","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05132#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"King George County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05132#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eKing George County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1885-1899 consists of .225cf of Mental Health Records. These primarily include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to mental hospitals in Williamsburg or Petersburg. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane are occasionally present. See other collections of King George County Fiduciary Records or Tax and Fiscal Records for mental-health-related materials that are not filed here. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05132#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05132","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05132","_root_":"vi_vi05132","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05132","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05132.xml","title_ssm":["King George County Health and Medical Records, \n1885-1899"],"title_tesim":["King George County Health and Medical Records, \n1885-1899"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1059639\n"],"text":["1059639\n","King George County Health and Medical Records, \n1885-1899","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--King George County.","County courts--Virginia--King George County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--King George County.","Jails--Virginia--King George County.","Mental Health Facilities--Virginia.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--King George County.","Mental illness--Virginia--King George County.","Physicians--Virginia--King George County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--King George County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--King George County.","Local government records--Virginia--King George County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronologically by year, with names of individual on paper folders. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. \n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n","In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","King George County was named of in honor of King George I. The county was formed from Richmond County by a statute of 23 December 1720. The county court first met on 19 May 1721. The county seat is King George. \n","Additional King George County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","King George County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional King George County Records may be found in the   Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia . \n","King George County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1885-1899 consists of .225cf of Mental Health Records. These primarily include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to mental hospitals in Williamsburg or Petersburg. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane are occasionally present. See other collections of King George County Fiduciary Records or Tax and Fiscal Records for mental-health-related materials that are not filed here.  \n","Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or were recommended to the Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg are noted: Baylor Hoskins, Annie Clopton, Nannie Morton, Margaret Dunlop, Mattie Washington, William Barnes. \n","There are no restrictions.\n","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","King George County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1059639\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["King George County Health and Medical Records, \n1885-1899"],"collection_title_tesim":["King George County Health and Medical Records, \n1885-1899"],"collection_ssim":["King George County Health and Medical Records, \n1885-1899"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["King George County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["King George County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from King George County Circuit Court under accession number 41900.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--King George County.","County courts--Virginia--King George County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--King George County.","Jails--Virginia--King George County.","Mental Health Facilities--Virginia.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--King George County.","Mental illness--Virginia--King George County.","Physicians--Virginia--King George County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--King George County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--King George County.","Local government records--Virginia--King George County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--King George County.","County courts--Virginia--King George County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--King George County.","Jails--Virginia--King George County.","Mental Health Facilities--Virginia.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--King George County.","Mental illness--Virginia--King George County.","Physicians--Virginia--King George County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--King George County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--King George County.","Local government records--Virginia--King George County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronologically by year, with names of individual on paper folders. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronologically by year, with names of individual on paper folders. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. \n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKing George County was named of in honor of King George I. The county was formed from Richmond County by a statute of 23 December 1720. The county court first met on 19 May 1721. The county seat is King George. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n","In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","King George County was named of in honor of King George I. The county was formed from Richmond County by a statute of 23 December 1720. The county court first met on 19 May 1721. The county seat is King George. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKing County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1885-1899. Local government records collection, King George County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["King County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1885-1899. Local government records collection, King George County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional King George County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKing George County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional King George County Records may be found in the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003e Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional King George County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","King George County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional King George County Records may be found in the   Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia . \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKing George County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1885-1899 consists of .225cf of Mental Health Records. These primarily include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to mental hospitals in Williamsburg or Petersburg. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane are occasionally present. See other collections of King George County Fiduciary Records or Tax and Fiscal Records for mental-health-related materials that are not filed here.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndividuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or were recommended to the Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg are noted: Baylor Hoskins, Annie Clopton, Nannie Morton, Margaret Dunlop, Mattie Washington, William Barnes. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["King George County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1885-1899 consists of .225cf of Mental Health Records. These primarily include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to mental hospitals in Williamsburg or Petersburg. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane are occasionally present. See other collections of King George County Fiduciary Records or Tax and Fiscal Records for mental-health-related materials that are not filed here.  \n","Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or were recommended to the Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg are noted: Baylor Hoskins, Annie Clopton, Nannie Morton, Margaret Dunlop, Mattie Washington, William Barnes. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","King George County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","King George County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:16:20.257Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05132","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05132","_root_":"vi_vi05132","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05132","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05132.xml","title_ssm":["King George County Health and Medical Records, \n1885-1899"],"title_tesim":["King George County Health and Medical Records, \n1885-1899"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1059639\n"],"text":["1059639\n","King George County Health and Medical Records, \n1885-1899","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--King George County.","County courts--Virginia--King George County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--King George County.","Jails--Virginia--King George County.","Mental Health Facilities--Virginia.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--King George County.","Mental illness--Virginia--King George County.","Physicians--Virginia--King George County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--King George County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--King George County.","Local government records--Virginia--King George County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronologically by year, with names of individual on paper folders. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. \n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n","In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","King George County was named of in honor of King George I. The county was formed from Richmond County by a statute of 23 December 1720. The county court first met on 19 May 1721. The county seat is King George. \n","Additional King George County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","King George County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional King George County Records may be found in the   Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia . \n","King George County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1885-1899 consists of .225cf of Mental Health Records. These primarily include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to mental hospitals in Williamsburg or Petersburg. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane are occasionally present. See other collections of King George County Fiduciary Records or Tax and Fiscal Records for mental-health-related materials that are not filed here.  \n","Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or were recommended to the Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg are noted: Baylor Hoskins, Annie Clopton, Nannie Morton, Margaret Dunlop, Mattie Washington, William Barnes. \n","There are no restrictions.\n","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","King George County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1059639\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["King George County Health and Medical Records, \n1885-1899"],"collection_title_tesim":["King George County Health and Medical Records, \n1885-1899"],"collection_ssim":["King George County Health and Medical Records, \n1885-1899"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["King George County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["King George County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from King George County Circuit Court under accession number 41900.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--King George County.","County courts--Virginia--King George County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--King George County.","Jails--Virginia--King George County.","Mental Health Facilities--Virginia.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--King George County.","Mental illness--Virginia--King George County.","Physicians--Virginia--King George County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--King George County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--King George County.","Local government records--Virginia--King George County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--King George County.","County courts--Virginia--King George County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--King George County.","Jails--Virginia--King George County.","Mental Health Facilities--Virginia.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--King George County.","Mental illness--Virginia--King George County.","Physicians--Virginia--King George County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--King George County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--King George County.","Local government records--Virginia--King George County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronologically by year, with names of individual on paper folders. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronologically by year, with names of individual on paper folders. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. \n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKing George County was named of in honor of King George I. The county was formed from Richmond County by a statute of 23 December 1720. The county court first met on 19 May 1721. The county seat is King George. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n","In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","King George County was named of in honor of King George I. The county was formed from Richmond County by a statute of 23 December 1720. The county court first met on 19 May 1721. The county seat is King George. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKing County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1885-1899. Local government records collection, King George County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["King County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1885-1899. Local government records collection, King George County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional King George County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKing George County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional King George County Records may be found in the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003e Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional King George County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","King George County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional King George County Records may be found in the   Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia . \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKing George County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1885-1899 consists of .225cf of Mental Health Records. These primarily include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to mental hospitals in Williamsburg or Petersburg. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane are occasionally present. See other collections of King George County Fiduciary Records or Tax and Fiscal Records for mental-health-related materials that are not filed here.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndividuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or were recommended to the Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg are noted: Baylor Hoskins, Annie Clopton, Nannie Morton, Margaret Dunlop, Mattie Washington, William Barnes. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["King George County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1885-1899 consists of .225cf of Mental Health Records. These primarily include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to mental hospitals in Williamsburg or Petersburg. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane are occasionally present. See other collections of King George County Fiduciary Records or Tax and Fiscal Records for mental-health-related materials that are not filed here.  \n","Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or were recommended to the Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg are noted: Baylor Hoskins, Annie Clopton, Nannie Morton, Margaret Dunlop, Mattie Washington, William Barnes. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","King George County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","King George County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:16:20.257Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05132"}},{"id":"vi_vi05133","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05133#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05133#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05133#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05133","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05133","_root_":"vi_vi05133","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05133","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05133.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1134992\n"],"text":["1134992\n","Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Lancaster County.","County courts--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Jails--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Physicians--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Lancster County.","Local government records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n","See also: \"Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1787-1926\" .\n","Additional Lancaster County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"," Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.\n","Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.\n","Mental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.\n","Estate referenced as having \"one negro slave worth about $500.00\" as part of his estate.\n","A \"freedman\" to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to the lunatic asylum at Richmond.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Race not referenced, but to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg.\n","Account for Henry Edmonds' medical services in April.\n","Reimbursements to Thad King for nursing, to Granville Harvey for nursing patient William Brown, and to Thomas S. Dunaway and Thomas Brown for making/providing clothing/bedding during March-April. \n","Documents related to treatment of a smallpox outbreak and the use of the houses of Charles Nutt and (?) Nickens as hospitals in January, and W.B. Payne's in April; detailed inventory of food, clothing, toiletries, and supplies used in hospitals and for local families under quarantine, some under guard; Doctor James Simmonds' report re smallpox treatment and vaccinations and the lack of success of some early vaccinations; reported 19 cases, 7 deaths; patients include Hiram Kenner and Lizzie Moore; Superintendent L.C. Leland in charge of the hospitals; two nurses Presley Cox and William L. Smith; two messengers George Walker and B.S. Jacobs; Dr. W.J. Newbill involved at Payne's house and nursing Lizzie Moore as well as vaccinating six patients; reimbursements to individuals Nickens, Rice, Hughlett, and Payne, who lost or donated property to be used; Payne was reimbursed $35.50 for loss of his home, which was \"used as hospital \u0026 directed to be burned as it could not be cleaned.\"\n","Claims for reimbursement to individuals during smallpox outbreaks during summer 1900: to Milliam Johnson and Christiana Smith for various services at Captain Joseph Bellows'; to Richard Lee for nursing Mr. Mullin 20 days and for destroyed clothing; to J.W. Brilheart for boarding four patients at Belle Isle for five weeks. \n","Letter regarding cancelling meeting at \"Queen Ester\" due to prevalence of smallpox; claim of T.O. Smither for supplies to a smallpox patient; claim of C.S. Haynie regarding Leonard Jones, suspected of smallpox.\n","Regarding quarantine and treatment of Isaac Parks between July and Aug 1907.\n","Claims by Lawson \u0026 Dunton, Inc. for various services during smallpox epidemic near White Stone.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1134992\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Lancaster County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Lancaster County.","County courts--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Jails--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Physicians--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Lancster County.","Local government records--Virginia--Lancaster County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Lancaster County.","County courts--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Jails--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Physicians--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Lancster County.","Local government records--Virginia--Lancaster County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf; five folders in a regular hollinger box"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf; five folders in a regular hollinger box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1787-1922. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1787-1922. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also:\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi03398.xml\"\u003e\"Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1787-1926\"\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: \"Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1787-1926\" .\n","Additional Lancaster County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEstate referenced as having \"one negro slave worth about $500.00\" as part of his estate.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA \"freedman\" to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferenced as colored and to be sent to the lunatic asylum at Richmond.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferenced as colored and to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRace not referenced, but to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount for Henry Edmonds' medical services in April.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReimbursements to Thad King for nursing, to Granville Harvey for nursing patient William Brown, and to Thomas S. Dunaway and Thomas Brown for making/providing clothing/bedding during March-April. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments related to treatment of a smallpox outbreak and the use of the houses of Charles Nutt and (?) Nickens as hospitals in January, and W.B. Payne's in April; detailed inventory of food, clothing, toiletries, and supplies used in hospitals and for local families under quarantine, some under guard; Doctor James Simmonds' report re smallpox treatment and vaccinations and the lack of success of some early vaccinations; reported 19 cases, 7 deaths; patients include Hiram Kenner and Lizzie Moore; Superintendent L.C. Leland in charge of the hospitals; two nurses Presley Cox and William L. Smith; two messengers George Walker and B.S. Jacobs; Dr. W.J. Newbill involved at Payne's house and nursing Lizzie Moore as well as vaccinating six patients; reimbursements to individuals Nickens, Rice, Hughlett, and Payne, who lost or donated property to be used; Payne was reimbursed $35.50 for loss of his home, which was \"used as hospital \u0026amp; directed to be burned as it could not be cleaned.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClaims for reimbursement to individuals during smallpox outbreaks during summer 1900: to Milliam Johnson and Christiana Smith for various services at Captain Joseph Bellows'; to Richard Lee for nursing Mr. Mullin 20 days and for destroyed clothing; to J.W. Brilheart for boarding four patients at Belle Isle for five weeks. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regarding cancelling meeting at \"Queen Ester\" due to prevalence of smallpox; claim of T.O. Smither for supplies to a smallpox patient; claim of C.S. Haynie regarding Leonard Jones, suspected of smallpox.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegarding quarantine and treatment of Isaac Parks between July and Aug 1907.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClaims by Lawson \u0026amp; Dunton, Inc. for various services during smallpox epidemic near White Stone.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.\n","Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.\n","Mental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.\n","Estate referenced as having \"one negro slave worth about $500.00\" as part of his estate.\n","A \"freedman\" to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to the lunatic asylum at Richmond.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Race not referenced, but to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg.\n","Account for Henry Edmonds' medical services in April.\n","Reimbursements to Thad King for nursing, to Granville Harvey for nursing patient William Brown, and to Thomas S. Dunaway and Thomas Brown for making/providing clothing/bedding during March-April. \n","Documents related to treatment of a smallpox outbreak and the use of the houses of Charles Nutt and (?) Nickens as hospitals in January, and W.B. Payne's in April; detailed inventory of food, clothing, toiletries, and supplies used in hospitals and for local families under quarantine, some under guard; Doctor James Simmonds' report re smallpox treatment and vaccinations and the lack of success of some early vaccinations; reported 19 cases, 7 deaths; patients include Hiram Kenner and Lizzie Moore; Superintendent L.C. Leland in charge of the hospitals; two nurses Presley Cox and William L. Smith; two messengers George Walker and B.S. Jacobs; Dr. W.J. Newbill involved at Payne's house and nursing Lizzie Moore as well as vaccinating six patients; reimbursements to individuals Nickens, Rice, Hughlett, and Payne, who lost or donated property to be used; Payne was reimbursed $35.50 for loss of his home, which was \"used as hospital \u0026 directed to be burned as it could not be cleaned.\"\n","Claims for reimbursement to individuals during smallpox outbreaks during summer 1900: to Milliam Johnson and Christiana Smith for various services at Captain Joseph Bellows'; to Richard Lee for nursing Mr. Mullin 20 days and for destroyed clothing; to J.W. Brilheart for boarding four patients at Belle Isle for five weeks. \n","Letter regarding cancelling meeting at \"Queen Ester\" due to prevalence of smallpox; claim of T.O. Smither for supplies to a smallpox patient; claim of C.S. Haynie regarding Leonard Jones, suspected of smallpox.\n","Regarding quarantine and treatment of Isaac Parks between July and Aug 1907.\n","Claims by Lawson \u0026 Dunton, Inc. for various services during smallpox epidemic near White Stone.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":14,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:33:14.086Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05133","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05133","_root_":"vi_vi05133","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05133","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05133.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1134992\n"],"text":["1134992\n","Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Lancaster County.","County courts--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Jails--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Physicians--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Lancster County.","Local government records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n","See also: \"Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1787-1926\" .\n","Additional Lancaster County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"," Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.\n","Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.\n","Mental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.\n","Estate referenced as having \"one negro slave worth about $500.00\" as part of his estate.\n","A \"freedman\" to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to the lunatic asylum at Richmond.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Race not referenced, but to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg.\n","Account for Henry Edmonds' medical services in April.\n","Reimbursements to Thad King for nursing, to Granville Harvey for nursing patient William Brown, and to Thomas S. Dunaway and Thomas Brown for making/providing clothing/bedding during March-April. \n","Documents related to treatment of a smallpox outbreak and the use of the houses of Charles Nutt and (?) Nickens as hospitals in January, and W.B. Payne's in April; detailed inventory of food, clothing, toiletries, and supplies used in hospitals and for local families under quarantine, some under guard; Doctor James Simmonds' report re smallpox treatment and vaccinations and the lack of success of some early vaccinations; reported 19 cases, 7 deaths; patients include Hiram Kenner and Lizzie Moore; Superintendent L.C. Leland in charge of the hospitals; two nurses Presley Cox and William L. Smith; two messengers George Walker and B.S. Jacobs; Dr. W.J. Newbill involved at Payne's house and nursing Lizzie Moore as well as vaccinating six patients; reimbursements to individuals Nickens, Rice, Hughlett, and Payne, who lost or donated property to be used; Payne was reimbursed $35.50 for loss of his home, which was \"used as hospital \u0026 directed to be burned as it could not be cleaned.\"\n","Claims for reimbursement to individuals during smallpox outbreaks during summer 1900: to Milliam Johnson and Christiana Smith for various services at Captain Joseph Bellows'; to Richard Lee for nursing Mr. Mullin 20 days and for destroyed clothing; to J.W. Brilheart for boarding four patients at Belle Isle for five weeks. \n","Letter regarding cancelling meeting at \"Queen Ester\" due to prevalence of smallpox; claim of T.O. Smither for supplies to a smallpox patient; claim of C.S. Haynie regarding Leonard Jones, suspected of smallpox.\n","Regarding quarantine and treatment of Isaac Parks between July and Aug 1907.\n","Claims by Lawson \u0026 Dunton, Inc. for various services during smallpox epidemic near White Stone.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1134992\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Lancaster County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Lancaster County.","County courts--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Jails--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Physicians--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Lancster County.","Local government records--Virginia--Lancaster County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Lancaster County.","County courts--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Jails--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Physicians--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Lancster County.","Local government records--Virginia--Lancaster County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf; five folders in a regular hollinger box"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf; five folders in a regular hollinger box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1787-1922. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1787-1922. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also:\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi03398.xml\"\u003e\"Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1787-1926\"\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: \"Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1787-1926\" .\n","Additional Lancaster County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEstate referenced as having \"one negro slave worth about $500.00\" as part of his estate.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA \"freedman\" to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferenced as colored and to be sent to the lunatic asylum at Richmond.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferenced as colored and to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRace not referenced, but to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount for Henry Edmonds' medical services in April.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReimbursements to Thad King for nursing, to Granville Harvey for nursing patient William Brown, and to Thomas S. Dunaway and Thomas Brown for making/providing clothing/bedding during March-April. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments related to treatment of a smallpox outbreak and the use of the houses of Charles Nutt and (?) Nickens as hospitals in January, and W.B. Payne's in April; detailed inventory of food, clothing, toiletries, and supplies used in hospitals and for local families under quarantine, some under guard; Doctor James Simmonds' report re smallpox treatment and vaccinations and the lack of success of some early vaccinations; reported 19 cases, 7 deaths; patients include Hiram Kenner and Lizzie Moore; Superintendent L.C. Leland in charge of the hospitals; two nurses Presley Cox and William L. Smith; two messengers George Walker and B.S. Jacobs; Dr. W.J. Newbill involved at Payne's house and nursing Lizzie Moore as well as vaccinating six patients; reimbursements to individuals Nickens, Rice, Hughlett, and Payne, who lost or donated property to be used; Payne was reimbursed $35.50 for loss of his home, which was \"used as hospital \u0026amp; directed to be burned as it could not be cleaned.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClaims for reimbursement to individuals during smallpox outbreaks during summer 1900: to Milliam Johnson and Christiana Smith for various services at Captain Joseph Bellows'; to Richard Lee for nursing Mr. Mullin 20 days and for destroyed clothing; to J.W. Brilheart for boarding four patients at Belle Isle for five weeks. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regarding cancelling meeting at \"Queen Ester\" due to prevalence of smallpox; claim of T.O. Smither for supplies to a smallpox patient; claim of C.S. Haynie regarding Leonard Jones, suspected of smallpox.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegarding quarantine and treatment of Isaac Parks between July and Aug 1907.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClaims by Lawson \u0026amp; Dunton, Inc. for various services during smallpox epidemic near White Stone.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.\n","Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.\n","Mental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.\n","Estate referenced as having \"one negro slave worth about $500.00\" as part of his estate.\n","A \"freedman\" to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to the lunatic asylum at Richmond.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Race not referenced, but to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg.\n","Account for Henry Edmonds' medical services in April.\n","Reimbursements to Thad King for nursing, to Granville Harvey for nursing patient William Brown, and to Thomas S. Dunaway and Thomas Brown for making/providing clothing/bedding during March-April. \n","Documents related to treatment of a smallpox outbreak and the use of the houses of Charles Nutt and (?) Nickens as hospitals in January, and W.B. Payne's in April; detailed inventory of food, clothing, toiletries, and supplies used in hospitals and for local families under quarantine, some under guard; Doctor James Simmonds' report re smallpox treatment and vaccinations and the lack of success of some early vaccinations; reported 19 cases, 7 deaths; patients include Hiram Kenner and Lizzie Moore; Superintendent L.C. Leland in charge of the hospitals; two nurses Presley Cox and William L. Smith; two messengers George Walker and B.S. Jacobs; Dr. W.J. Newbill involved at Payne's house and nursing Lizzie Moore as well as vaccinating six patients; reimbursements to individuals Nickens, Rice, Hughlett, and Payne, who lost or donated property to be used; Payne was reimbursed $35.50 for loss of his home, which was \"used as hospital \u0026 directed to be burned as it could not be cleaned.\"\n","Claims for reimbursement to individuals during smallpox outbreaks during summer 1900: to Milliam Johnson and Christiana Smith for various services at Captain Joseph Bellows'; to Richard Lee for nursing Mr. Mullin 20 days and for destroyed clothing; to J.W. Brilheart for boarding four patients at Belle Isle for five weeks. \n","Letter regarding cancelling meeting at \"Queen Ester\" due to prevalence of smallpox; claim of T.O. Smither for supplies to a smallpox patient; claim of C.S. Haynie regarding Leonard Jones, suspected of smallpox.\n","Regarding quarantine and treatment of Isaac Parks between July and Aug 1907.\n","Claims by Lawson \u0026 Dunton, Inc. for various services during smallpox epidemic near White Stone.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":14,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:33:14.086Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05133"}},{"id":"vi_vi05134","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n1771-1902","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05134#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05134#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLouisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1771-1902, consist of two series: Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05134#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05134","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05134","_root_":"vi_vi05134","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05134","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05134.xml","title_ssm":["Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n1771-1902"],"title_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n1771-1902"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007787120\n"],"text":["0007787120\n","Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n1771-1902","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Louisa County.","County courts--Virginia--Louisa County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Louisa County.","Jails--Virginia--Louisa County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Louisa County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Louisa County.","Physicians--Virginia--Louisa County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Louisa County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Louisa County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Louisa County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Louisa County.","Local government records--Virginia--Louisa County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically by year, and alphabetically by name. If more than one individual is referenced in a document, names are listed on the folder but the folder title will reflect the number of individuals named. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically by year within one folder.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Louisa County was named for Louisa, a daughter of King George II and wife of King Frederick V of Denmark. It was formed from Hanover County in 1742.\n","See also: \"Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May.\" . This judgment pertains to a smallpox outbreak of Dec. 1902-Apr. 1903, where a local dry goods business, Yancey Brothers, served as a quarantine hospital and all goods/wares were ordered destroyed afterward. \n","Additional Louisa County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1771-1902, consist of two series: Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records are housed in five folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to hospitals in Williamsburg, Staunton, Petersburg, or Richmond. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some justices of the peace convened at Elisha Jackson's Tavern to commiserate and write their reports.  See selected documents of interest below.\n","Smallpox Epidemic Records consist of one folder of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment of and/or treatment for smallpox outbreaks in Louisa County. 1779 documents include accounts of various individuals, especially William Terrell, for expenses incurred during smallpox outbreak at home hospital of William Ward. An 1862 order references a smallpox outbreak at the Slate Hill Gold Mine. Documents also reference three quarantines of individuals in May 1880, including one near Green Springs Depot at the home of Richard Ogg and another at James B. Madison's home known as \"Hackett's House\". A third quarantine did not specify location.\n","\"Capable of Working at the cards \u0026 Wheel \u0026c But Incapable of Manageing or making any Advantage of her Estate.\"\n","Justices did not recommend him to a mental hospital because the found that he \"was not entirely void of reason.\" \n","Court sought input from Superintendent of the Lunatic Asylum at Staunton.\n","Jenetta Michie (race not given) and Isaac Jackson (colored).\n","Confined to jail \"there being no room in the asylum provided for col'd persons.\" \n","Susan Crew (race not given) and Betsy Nuckolls (colored) were sent to the \"Pinel Hospital\" in Richmond due to Eastern, Western, and Central Asylums being full.  Richard Chiles/Dick Crew was released.\n","(Race not given) Was to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg, which was known as the hosptial for people of color.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007787120\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n1771-1902"],"collection_title_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n1771-1902"],"collection_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n1771-1902"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Louisa County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Louisa County.","County courts--Virginia--Louisa County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Louisa County.","Jails--Virginia--Louisa County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Louisa County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Louisa County.","Physicians--Virginia--Louisa County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Louisa County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Louisa County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Louisa County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Louisa County.","Local government records--Virginia--Louisa County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Louisa County.","County courts--Virginia--Louisa County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Louisa County.","Jails--Virginia--Louisa County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Louisa County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Louisa County.","Physicians--Virginia--Louisa County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Louisa County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Louisa County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Louisa County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Louisa County.","Local government records--Virginia--Louisa County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf; legal-sized half-hollinger box"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf; legal-sized half-hollinger box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically by year, and alphabetically by name. If more than one individual is referenced in a document, names are listed on the folder but the folder title will reflect the number of individuals named. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically by year within one folder.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically by year, and alphabetically by name. If more than one individual is referenced in a document, names are listed on the folder but the folder title will reflect the number of individuals named. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically by year within one folder.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLouisa County was named for Louisa, a daughter of King George II and wife of King Frederick V of Denmark. It was formed from Hanover County in 1742.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Louisa County was named for Louisa, a daughter of King George II and wife of King Frederick V of Denmark. It was formed from Hanover County in 1742.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1771-1902. Local government records collection, Louisa County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1771-1902. Local government records collection, Louisa County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also:\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi05135.xml\"\u003e\"Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May.\"\u003c/extref\u003e. This judgment pertains to a smallpox outbreak of Dec. 1902-Apr. 1903, where a local dry goods business, Yancey Brothers, served as a quarantine hospital and all goods/wares were ordered destroyed afterward. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Louisa County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: \"Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May.\" . This judgment pertains to a smallpox outbreak of Dec. 1902-Apr. 1903, where a local dry goods business, Yancey Brothers, served as a quarantine hospital and all goods/wares were ordered destroyed afterward. \n","Additional Louisa County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1771-1902, consist of two series: Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records are housed in five folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to hospitals in Williamsburg, Staunton, Petersburg, or Richmond. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some justices of the peace convened at Elisha Jackson's Tavern to commiserate and write their reports.  See selected documents of interest below.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records consist of one folder of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment of and/or treatment for smallpox outbreaks in Louisa County. 1779 documents include accounts of various individuals, especially William Terrell, for expenses incurred during smallpox outbreak at home hospital of William Ward. An 1862 order references a smallpox outbreak at the Slate Hill Gold Mine. Documents also reference three quarantines of individuals in May 1880, including one near Green Springs Depot at the home of Richard Ogg and another at James B. Madison's home known as \"Hackett's House\". A third quarantine did not specify location.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Capable of Working at the cards \u0026amp; Wheel \u0026amp;c But Incapable of Manageing or making any Advantage of her Estate.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJustices did not recommend him to a mental hospital because the found that he \"was not entirely void of reason.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCourt sought input from Superintendent of the Lunatic Asylum at Staunton.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJenetta Michie (race not given) and Isaac Jackson (colored).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConfined to jail \"there being no room in the asylum provided for col'd persons.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSusan Crew (race not given) and Betsy Nuckolls (colored) were sent to the \"Pinel Hospital\" in Richmond due to Eastern, Western, and Central Asylums being full.  Richard Chiles/Dick Crew was released.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(Race not given) Was to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg, which was known as the hosptial for people of color.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1771-1902, consist of two series: Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records are housed in five folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to hospitals in Williamsburg, Staunton, Petersburg, or Richmond. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some justices of the peace convened at Elisha Jackson's Tavern to commiserate and write their reports.  See selected documents of interest below.\n","Smallpox Epidemic Records consist of one folder of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment of and/or treatment for smallpox outbreaks in Louisa County. 1779 documents include accounts of various individuals, especially William Terrell, for expenses incurred during smallpox outbreak at home hospital of William Ward. An 1862 order references a smallpox outbreak at the Slate Hill Gold Mine. Documents also reference three quarantines of individuals in May 1880, including one near Green Springs Depot at the home of Richard Ogg and another at James B. Madison's home known as \"Hackett's House\". A third quarantine did not specify location.\n","\"Capable of Working at the cards \u0026 Wheel \u0026c But Incapable of Manageing or making any Advantage of her Estate.\"\n","Justices did not recommend him to a mental hospital because the found that he \"was not entirely void of reason.\" \n","Court sought input from Superintendent of the Lunatic Asylum at Staunton.\n","Jenetta Michie (race not given) and Isaac Jackson (colored).\n","Confined to jail \"there being no room in the asylum provided for col'd persons.\" \n","Susan Crew (race not given) and Betsy Nuckolls (colored) were sent to the \"Pinel Hospital\" in Richmond due to Eastern, Western, and Central Asylums being full.  Richard Chiles/Dick Crew was released.\n","(Race not given) Was to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg, which was known as the hosptial for people of color.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:08:18.250Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05134","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05134","_root_":"vi_vi05134","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05134","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05134.xml","title_ssm":["Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n1771-1902"],"title_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n1771-1902"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007787120\n"],"text":["0007787120\n","Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n1771-1902","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Louisa County.","County courts--Virginia--Louisa County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Louisa County.","Jails--Virginia--Louisa County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Louisa County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Louisa County.","Physicians--Virginia--Louisa County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Louisa County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Louisa County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Louisa County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Louisa County.","Local government records--Virginia--Louisa County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically by year, and alphabetically by name. If more than one individual is referenced in a document, names are listed on the folder but the folder title will reflect the number of individuals named. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically by year within one folder.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Louisa County was named for Louisa, a daughter of King George II and wife of King Frederick V of Denmark. It was formed from Hanover County in 1742.\n","See also: \"Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May.\" . This judgment pertains to a smallpox outbreak of Dec. 1902-Apr. 1903, where a local dry goods business, Yancey Brothers, served as a quarantine hospital and all goods/wares were ordered destroyed afterward. \n","Additional Louisa County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1771-1902, consist of two series: Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records are housed in five folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to hospitals in Williamsburg, Staunton, Petersburg, or Richmond. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some justices of the peace convened at Elisha Jackson's Tavern to commiserate and write their reports.  See selected documents of interest below.\n","Smallpox Epidemic Records consist of one folder of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment of and/or treatment for smallpox outbreaks in Louisa County. 1779 documents include accounts of various individuals, especially William Terrell, for expenses incurred during smallpox outbreak at home hospital of William Ward. An 1862 order references a smallpox outbreak at the Slate Hill Gold Mine. Documents also reference three quarantines of individuals in May 1880, including one near Green Springs Depot at the home of Richard Ogg and another at James B. Madison's home known as \"Hackett's House\". A third quarantine did not specify location.\n","\"Capable of Working at the cards \u0026 Wheel \u0026c But Incapable of Manageing or making any Advantage of her Estate.\"\n","Justices did not recommend him to a mental hospital because the found that he \"was not entirely void of reason.\" \n","Court sought input from Superintendent of the Lunatic Asylum at Staunton.\n","Jenetta Michie (race not given) and Isaac Jackson (colored).\n","Confined to jail \"there being no room in the asylum provided for col'd persons.\" \n","Susan Crew (race not given) and Betsy Nuckolls (colored) were sent to the \"Pinel Hospital\" in Richmond due to Eastern, Western, and Central Asylums being full.  Richard Chiles/Dick Crew was released.\n","(Race not given) Was to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg, which was known as the hosptial for people of color.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007787120\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n1771-1902"],"collection_title_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n1771-1902"],"collection_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n1771-1902"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Louisa County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Louisa County.","County courts--Virginia--Louisa County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Louisa County.","Jails--Virginia--Louisa County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Louisa County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Louisa County.","Physicians--Virginia--Louisa County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Louisa County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Louisa County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Louisa County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Louisa County.","Local government records--Virginia--Louisa County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Louisa County.","County courts--Virginia--Louisa County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Louisa County.","Jails--Virginia--Louisa County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Louisa County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Louisa County.","Physicians--Virginia--Louisa County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Louisa County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Louisa County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Louisa County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Louisa County.","Local government records--Virginia--Louisa County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf; legal-sized half-hollinger box"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf; legal-sized half-hollinger box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically by year, and alphabetically by name. If more than one individual is referenced in a document, names are listed on the folder but the folder title will reflect the number of individuals named. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically by year within one folder.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically by year, and alphabetically by name. If more than one individual is referenced in a document, names are listed on the folder but the folder title will reflect the number of individuals named. If an individual had more than one instance of suspected mental incapacity, there may be papers filed in more than one chronological location. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically by year within one folder.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLouisa County was named for Louisa, a daughter of King George II and wife of King Frederick V of Denmark. It was formed from Hanover County in 1742.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which become known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Louisa County was named for Louisa, a daughter of King George II and wife of King Frederick V of Denmark. It was formed from Hanover County in 1742.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1771-1902. Local government records collection, Louisa County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1771-1902. Local government records collection, Louisa County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also:\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi05135.xml\"\u003e\"Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May.\"\u003c/extref\u003e. This judgment pertains to a smallpox outbreak of Dec. 1902-Apr. 1903, where a local dry goods business, Yancey Brothers, served as a quarantine hospital and all goods/wares were ordered destroyed afterward. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Louisa County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: \"Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May.\" . This judgment pertains to a smallpox outbreak of Dec. 1902-Apr. 1903, where a local dry goods business, Yancey Brothers, served as a quarantine hospital and all goods/wares were ordered destroyed afterward. \n","Additional Louisa County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1771-1902, consist of two series: Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records are housed in five folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to hospitals in Williamsburg, Staunton, Petersburg, or Richmond. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some justices of the peace convened at Elisha Jackson's Tavern to commiserate and write their reports.  See selected documents of interest below.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records consist of one folder of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment of and/or treatment for smallpox outbreaks in Louisa County. 1779 documents include accounts of various individuals, especially William Terrell, for expenses incurred during smallpox outbreak at home hospital of William Ward. An 1862 order references a smallpox outbreak at the Slate Hill Gold Mine. Documents also reference three quarantines of individuals in May 1880, including one near Green Springs Depot at the home of Richard Ogg and another at James B. Madison's home known as \"Hackett's House\". A third quarantine did not specify location.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Capable of Working at the cards \u0026amp; Wheel \u0026amp;c But Incapable of Manageing or making any Advantage of her Estate.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJustices did not recommend him to a mental hospital because the found that he \"was not entirely void of reason.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCourt sought input from Superintendent of the Lunatic Asylum at Staunton.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJenetta Michie (race not given) and Isaac Jackson (colored).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConfined to jail \"there being no room in the asylum provided for col'd persons.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSusan Crew (race not given) and Betsy Nuckolls (colored) were sent to the \"Pinel Hospital\" in Richmond due to Eastern, Western, and Central Asylums being full.  Richard Chiles/Dick Crew was released.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(Race not given) Was to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg, which was known as the hosptial for people of color.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1771-1902, consist of two series: Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records are housed in five folders, and may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to hospitals in Williamsburg, Staunton, Petersburg, or Richmond. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some justices of the peace convened at Elisha Jackson's Tavern to commiserate and write their reports.  See selected documents of interest below.\n","Smallpox Epidemic Records consist of one folder of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment of and/or treatment for smallpox outbreaks in Louisa County. 1779 documents include accounts of various individuals, especially William Terrell, for expenses incurred during smallpox outbreak at home hospital of William Ward. An 1862 order references a smallpox outbreak at the Slate Hill Gold Mine. Documents also reference three quarantines of individuals in May 1880, including one near Green Springs Depot at the home of Richard Ogg and another at James B. Madison's home known as \"Hackett's House\". A third quarantine did not specify location.\n","\"Capable of Working at the cards \u0026 Wheel \u0026c But Incapable of Manageing or making any Advantage of her Estate.\"\n","Justices did not recommend him to a mental hospital because the found that he \"was not entirely void of reason.\" \n","Court sought input from Superintendent of the Lunatic Asylum at Staunton.\n","Jenetta Michie (race not given) and Isaac Jackson (colored).\n","Confined to jail \"there being no room in the asylum provided for col'd persons.\" \n","Susan Crew (race not given) and Betsy Nuckolls (colored) were sent to the \"Pinel Hospital\" in Richmond due to Eastern, Western, and Central Asylums being full.  Richard Chiles/Dick Crew was released.\n","(Race not given) Was to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg, which was known as the hosptial for people of color.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:08:18.250Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05134"}},{"id":"vi_vi05135","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, \n1906 May","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05135#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05135#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLouisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May, pertains to a smallpox outbreak of Dec. 1902-Apr. 1903, during which a local dry goods business, Yancey Brothers, served as a quarantine hospital and all goods/wares were ordered destroyed afterward. Legal issue in question was whether the county was liable to Yancey for goods used and/or destroyed during the four-month outbreak, and whether all information was correctly provided to the jury. Other issues in question relate to proper use of authority and eminent domain vs. police power. Includes printed proceedings as the county appealed, and later was heard by the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals as Louisa County v. Yancey's Trustee et al. Jan 21, 1909. Documents reference the actions of Dr. P.P. May and the service of colored nurse \"Davy\" David Woofolk for 94 days between Dec 29, 1902-Apr 5, 1903. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05135#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05135","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05135","_root_":"vi_vi05135","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05135","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05135.xml","title_ssm":["Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, \n1906 May"],"title_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, \n1906 May"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007787125\n"],"text":["0007787125\n","Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, \n1906 May","African Americans--Virginia--Louisa County.","Civil Procedure--Virginia--Louisa County.","Eminent Domain--Virginia--Louisa County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Louisa County.","Physicians--Virginia--Louisa County.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Louisa County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Louisa County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Louisa County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Louisa County.","Local government records--Virginia--Louisa County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological.\n","Louisa County was named for Louisa, a daughter of King George II and wife of King Frederick V of Denmark. It was formed from Hanover County in 1742.\n","For other smallpox outbreaks in Louisa County, see also: \"\nLouisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1771-1902.\" .\n","Additional Louisa County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May, pertains to a smallpox outbreak of Dec. 1902-Apr. 1903, during which a local dry goods business, Yancey Brothers, served as a quarantine hospital and all goods/wares were ordered destroyed afterward. Legal issue in question was whether the county was liable to Yancey for goods used and/or destroyed during the four-month outbreak, and whether all information was correctly provided to the jury. Other issues in question relate to proper use of authority and eminent domain vs. police power. Includes printed proceedings as the county appealed, and later was heard by the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals as Louisa County v. Yancey's Trustee et al. Jan 21, 1909. Documents reference the actions of Dr. P.P. May and the service of colored nurse \"Davy\" David Woofolk for 94 days between Dec 29, 1902-Apr 5, 1903.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Virginia--Supreme Court of Appeals. ","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007787125\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, \n1906 May"],"collection_title_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, \n1906 May"],"collection_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, \n1906 May"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Louisa County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Virginia--Louisa County.","Civil Procedure--Virginia--Louisa County.","Eminent Domain--Virginia--Louisa County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Louisa County.","Physicians--Virginia--Louisa County.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Louisa County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Louisa County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Louisa County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Louisa County.","Local government records--Virginia--Louisa County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Virginia--Louisa County.","Civil Procedure--Virginia--Louisa County.","Eminent Domain--Virginia--Louisa County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Louisa County.","Physicians--Virginia--Louisa County.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Louisa County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Louisa County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Louisa County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Louisa County.","Local government records--Virginia--Louisa County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf; legal-sized half-hollinger box"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf; legal-sized half-hollinger box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouisa County was named for Louisa, a daughter of King George II and wife of King Frederick V of Denmark. It was formed from Hanover County in 1742.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Louisa County was named for Louisa, a daughter of King George II and wife of King Frederick V of Denmark. It was formed from Hanover County in 1742.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May. Local government records collection, Louisa County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May. Local government records collection, Louisa County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor other smallpox outbreaks in Louisa County, see also:\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi05134.xml\"\u003e\"\nLouisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1771-1902.\"\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Louisa County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For other smallpox outbreaks in Louisa County, see also: \"\nLouisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1771-1902.\" .\n","Additional Louisa County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May, pertains to a smallpox outbreak of Dec. 1902-Apr. 1903, during which a local dry goods business, Yancey Brothers, served as a quarantine hospital and all goods/wares were ordered destroyed afterward. Legal issue in question was whether the county was liable to Yancey for goods used and/or destroyed during the four-month outbreak, and whether all information was correctly provided to the jury. Other issues in question relate to proper use of authority and eminent domain vs. police power. Includes printed proceedings as the county appealed, and later was heard by the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals as Louisa County v. Yancey's Trustee et al. Jan 21, 1909. Documents reference the actions of Dr. P.P. May and the service of colored nurse \"Davy\" David Woofolk for 94 days between Dec 29, 1902-Apr 5, 1903.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May, pertains to a smallpox outbreak of Dec. 1902-Apr. 1903, during which a local dry goods business, Yancey Brothers, served as a quarantine hospital and all goods/wares were ordered destroyed afterward. Legal issue in question was whether the county was liable to Yancey for goods used and/or destroyed during the four-month outbreak, and whether all information was correctly provided to the jury. Other issues in question relate to proper use of authority and eminent domain vs. police power. Includes printed proceedings as the county appealed, and later was heard by the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals as Louisa County v. Yancey's Trustee et al. Jan 21, 1909. Documents reference the actions of Dr. P.P. May and the service of colored nurse \"Davy\" David Woofolk for 94 days between Dec 29, 1902-Apr 5, 1903.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Virginia--Supreme Court of Appeals. "],"corpname_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Virginia--Supreme Court of Appeals. "],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:07:31.961Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05135","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05135","_root_":"vi_vi05135","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05135","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05135.xml","title_ssm":["Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, \n1906 May"],"title_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, \n1906 May"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007787125\n"],"text":["0007787125\n","Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, \n1906 May","African Americans--Virginia--Louisa County.","Civil Procedure--Virginia--Louisa County.","Eminent Domain--Virginia--Louisa County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Louisa County.","Physicians--Virginia--Louisa County.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Louisa County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Louisa County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Louisa County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Louisa County.","Local government records--Virginia--Louisa County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological.\n","Louisa County was named for Louisa, a daughter of King George II and wife of King Frederick V of Denmark. It was formed from Hanover County in 1742.\n","For other smallpox outbreaks in Louisa County, see also: \"\nLouisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1771-1902.\" .\n","Additional Louisa County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n","Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May, pertains to a smallpox outbreak of Dec. 1902-Apr. 1903, during which a local dry goods business, Yancey Brothers, served as a quarantine hospital and all goods/wares were ordered destroyed afterward. Legal issue in question was whether the county was liable to Yancey for goods used and/or destroyed during the four-month outbreak, and whether all information was correctly provided to the jury. Other issues in question relate to proper use of authority and eminent domain vs. police power. Includes printed proceedings as the county appealed, and later was heard by the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals as Louisa County v. Yancey's Trustee et al. Jan 21, 1909. Documents reference the actions of Dr. P.P. May and the service of colored nurse \"Davy\" David Woofolk for 94 days between Dec 29, 1902-Apr 5, 1903.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Virginia--Supreme Court of Appeals. ","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007787125\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, \n1906 May"],"collection_title_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, \n1906 May"],"collection_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, \n1906 May"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) 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It was formed from Hanover County in 1742.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Louisa County was named for Louisa, a daughter of King George II and wife of King Frederick V of Denmark. It was formed from Hanover County in 1742.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May. Local government records collection, Louisa County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May. Local government records collection, Louisa County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor other smallpox outbreaks in Louisa County, see also:\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi05134.xml\"\u003e\"\nLouisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1771-1902.\"\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Louisa County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For other smallpox outbreaks in Louisa County, see also: \"\nLouisa County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1771-1902.\" .\n","Additional Louisa County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May, pertains to a smallpox outbreak of Dec. 1902-Apr. 1903, during which a local dry goods business, Yancey Brothers, served as a quarantine hospital and all goods/wares were ordered destroyed afterward. Legal issue in question was whether the county was liable to Yancey for goods used and/or destroyed during the four-month outbreak, and whether all information was correctly provided to the jury. Other issues in question relate to proper use of authority and eminent domain vs. police power. Includes printed proceedings as the county appealed, and later was heard by the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals as Louisa County v. Yancey's Trustee et al. Jan 21, 1909. Documents reference the actions of Dr. P.P. May and the service of colored nurse \"Davy\" David Woofolk for 94 days between Dec 29, 1902-Apr 5, 1903.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Louisa County (Va.) Judgment, Lewis Yancey, surviving partner vs. Louisa County, 1906 May, pertains to a smallpox outbreak of Dec. 1902-Apr. 1903, during which a local dry goods business, Yancey Brothers, served as a quarantine hospital and all goods/wares were ordered destroyed afterward. Legal issue in question was whether the county was liable to Yancey for goods used and/or destroyed during the four-month outbreak, and whether all information was correctly provided to the jury. Other issues in question relate to proper use of authority and eminent domain vs. police power. Includes printed proceedings as the county appealed, and later was heard by the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals as Louisa County v. Yancey's Trustee et al. Jan 21, 1909. Documents reference the actions of Dr. P.P. May and the service of colored nurse \"Davy\" David Woofolk for 94 days between Dec 29, 1902-Apr 5, 1903.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Virginia--Supreme Court of Appeals. "],"corpname_ssim":["Louisa County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Virginia--Supreme Court of Appeals. 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