{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Prisoners+of+war+--+United+States\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Prisoners+of+war+--+United+States\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, 1864","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1679#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1679#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. 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In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.","The propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.","African Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.","Iowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.","Camp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.","Sources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans","Content Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. 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In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. 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The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.","The propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.","African Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.","Iowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.","Camp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.","Sources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16851, Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16851, Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:43.518Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1679.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196861","title_filing_ssi":"Ozias, Caroline Victoria letter","title_ssm":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"title_tesim":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["October 20, 1864"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["October 20, 1864"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, 1864"],"text":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, 1864","MSS 16851","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1679","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Prisoners of war -- United States","Dakota: The word Dakota means \"ally or friend\" in the Dakota language, and their autonyms include Ikčé Wičhášta (\"Indian people\") and Dakhóta Oyáte (\"Dakota people\").","Camp McClellan was a former Union army camp and hospital in Iowa that was established in Davenport in August 1861 after the outbreak of the American Civil War. In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.","The propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. 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Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans","Content Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. 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In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. 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The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.","The propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.","African Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.","Iowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.","Camp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.","Sources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16851, Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16851, Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:43.518Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1679"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1694","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Louis P. Stone Letter, 1863","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1694#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Stone, Louis P., 1843-1903","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1694#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Louis P. Stone (1843-1903) to Colonel Tracy describing his exploits as a U.S. Secret Service operative and requesting payment for his services. Stone was a U.S. Secret Service operative during the first two years of the Civil War. The \"Secret Service,\" before officially inaugurated as the investigative branch of the Treasury Department in 1865, was the unofficial name for the intelligence services in the Union Army. The letter contains Stone's account of being taken prisoner by Gen. Floid [John B. 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MAson was appointed by Thomas Jefferson as the first commanding general of the District of Columbia militia in 1802. He held that position until 1811., and through that role he became Commissioner General of Prisoners during the War of 1812. When the British invaded and burned Washngton D.C., Mason helped President Madison and other officials escape to Virginia. Mason wrote to President Madison on March 23, 1816, resigning his post as Superintendent of Indian Trade,and offering to wind up the Office of Commissary General of Prisoners","This collection contains a circular manuscript, single sheet - two pages, signed by John Mason, Commissioner General of Prisoners during the War of 1812, regarding returned American prisoners of war. The circular is written to to Joseph Whipple Esqr., Collector of the Customs, at Portsmouth, New Hampshire.  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