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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c30b61553209e59420017acc4861a208\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848","Alderson, George","Allen, Si.","Anderson, Tom.","Arthur, Chester Alan, 1829-1886","Bailey, Cleveland Monroe, 1886-1965","Bailey, R. D. (Bob)","Barron, W. W.","Bell, John.","Bell, Tom.","Benedict, Cleve, 1935-","Blue, Fred O.","Breckinridge, John C. 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The collection consists of press releases, Boucher's writings, mailers he distributed, information about his campaigns and elections, scripts of speeches he gave, news clippings about him and issues he worked on, correspondence, information about grants that he worked on, and audiovisual materials including photographs, VHS tapes, video reels, audio cassettes, DVDs, awards, and digital files. Materials primarily span from the beginning of his political career in 1975 to his retirement from Congress in 2011.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3585#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3585","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3585","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3585","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3585","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3585.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Boucher, Rick, Papers","title_ssm":["Rick Boucher Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rick Boucher Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1968-2017","(bulk 1975-2011)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1968-2017"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["(bulk 1975-2011)"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968/2017, bulk 1975/2011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rick Boucher Papers, 1968/2017, bulk 1975/2011"],"text":["Rick Boucher Papers, 1968/2017, bulk 1975/2011","Ms.2021.048","/repositories/2/resources/3585","Virginia, Southwest","Energy policy","Environmental policy","Internet governance","Legislation","Local government","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Legislators -- United States","The collection is open for research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","Unopened/unused software and hardware were deaccessioned. Constituent mail with confidential and private personal information was deaccessioned at the donor request.","The collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. State Senate Files, 1968-1983\nSeries II. Press Releases and Events, 1977, 1983-2010\nSeries III. Mailers and Newsletters, 1978-2011\nSeries IV. Columns and Writings, 1983-1999\nSeries V. Speeches, 1982-2016\nSeries VI. Campaigns and Elections, 1975-2010\nSeries VII. News Clippings, 1975-2016\nSeries VIII. Correspondence, 1982-2010\nSeries IX. Grants, 1992-1999\nSeries X. Audio/Visual Materials, [ca. 1960s-2010s] (bulk 1982-2010)\nSeries XI. Congressional Work, 1970-2017\nSeries XII. Artifacts, n. d.\nSeries XIII. Awards and Plaques, 1979-2008, n.d.","The original physical order of the materials was maintained when processing. Except for Series I, which is arranged by record number, materials were intellectually arranged by topic and then chronologically by an archivist. Subseries were created in some cases to further separate by topic.","Frederick C. \"Rick\" Boucher was born in Washington County, Virginia on August 1, 1946. He grew up in Abingdon, Virginia, where he still lives. He attended Abingdon High School, then received his Bachelor's from  Roanoke College in 1968. In 1971, he received his J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law. He worked as a lawyer for a number of years before entering politics in the Virginia State Senate representing the 39th District. In November 1975, he simultaneously won a special election to finish out George Warren, Jr.'s term and a full term. He served from November 1975 until December 1982.","From there Boucher won the U.S. Representative seat for Virginia's 9th District as a Democrat, defeating incumbent Republican Bill Wampler and starting in January 1983. While in Congress he served on the Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Committee on the Judiciary. He was reelected to the House of Representatives until January 2011, when he lost to Republican Morgan Griffith. At that time, he retired from politics and resumed his law practice.","For more information about Rick Boucher's terms in the United States Congress, see his his U.S. Congress page.","The guide to the Rick Boucher Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Rick Boucher Papers was completed in August 2022. Additions were integrated in August 2023, November 2023, May 2024, and March 2025.","Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also maintains the papers of Rick Boucher's predecessor in the William C. Wampler Congressional Papers, Ms1982-003.","The Rick Boucher Papers, 1968-2017, document his career in the Virginia State Senate, 1975-1982, and in the United States Congress as the Representative of Virginia's 9th District, 1983-2011. The collection consists of press releases, Boucher's writings, mailers he distributed, information about his campaigns and elections, scripts of speeches he gave, news clippings about him and issues he worked on, correspondence, information about grants that he worked on, and audiovisual materials including photographs, VHS tapes, video reels, audio cassettes, DVDs, awards, and digital files. Materials primarily span from the beginning of his political career in 1975 to his retirement from Congress in 2011.","Series I. State Senate Files, 1968-1983, consist of records of Boucher's service in the Virginia State Senate, which includes newsletters and legislative work around such topics as energy, drugs, criminal law, children, health, infrastructure, and economics.","Series II. Press Releases and Events, 1977, 1983-2010, consists of press releases and materials related to press events from Boucher's office. Press releases are on such topics as the environment, energy, education, crime, the military and veterans, economics, health, technology, seniors, agriculture, and infrastructure.","Series III. Mailers and Newsletters, 1978-2011, consists of mailings Boucher distributed to advise constituents of projects and events relating to infrastructure, energy, seniors, agriculture, economics, energy, and his general work in Virginia.","Series IV. Columns and Writings, 1983-1999, consists of Boucher's published writing on a variety of topics including health, education, economics, infrastructure, agriculture, seniors, veterans and the military, technology, energy, and crime. Most were composed for Boucher's weekly newspaper column.","Series V. Speeches, 1982-2016, consists of scripts and transcripts of speeches given by Boucher on a variety of topics in his role as a Representative of Virginia's 9th District and a member of several Congressional committees. Most are handwritten, while some are typed.","Series VI. Campaigns and Elections, 1982-2010, consists of voter attitude surveys, polls, campaign materials, and election results from Boucher's campaigns spanning from 1982-2010.","Series VII. News Clippings, 1975-2016, consists of phyiscal newsprint and printed articles relating to Boucher and his Congressional work on a variety of topics including education, technology, energy, the environment, agriculture, infrastructure, health, economics, his campaigns, and legislation.","Series VIII. Correspondence, [ca. 1960s-2010s] (bulk 1982-2010), consists of personal and professional letters and emails relating to Boucher's Congressional work.","Series IX. Grants, 1992-1999, consists of records of the grants Boucher was involved in during his time in Congress, mostly for infrastructure projects.","Series X. Audio/Visual Materials, 1982-2010, consist of photographs, VHS tapes, DVDs, video reels, and realia related to Boucher's congressional service.","Series XI. Congressional Work, 1970-2017, contains materials related to Boucher's Congressional service from 1983-2011. It spans a variety of topics including energy, district tours, congressional travel, economics, education, technology, copyright, infrastructure, the environment, town meetings, and agriculture.","Series XII. Artifacts, n. d., contains an engraved letter opener, an Electro-Tec pen, U.S. Representative Rick Boucher pens, a parliamentary rules of order slider, and other artifacts.","Series XIII: Awards and Plaques, 1979-2008, n.d., includes various awards, plaques, and certificates given to Boucher in relation to his work serving as a public official.","The copyright status of this collection is owned by Rick Boucher. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Rick Boucher Papers, 1968-2017, document his career in the Virginia State Senate, 1975-1982, and in the United States Congress as the Representative of Virginia's 9th District, 1983-2011. The collection consists of press releases, Boucher's writings, mailers he distributed, information about his campaigns and elections, scripts of speeches he gave, news clippings about him and issues he worked on, correspondence, information about grants that he worked on, and audiovisual materials including photographs, VHS tapes, video reels, audio cassettes, DVDs, awards, and digital files. Materials primarily span from the beginning of his political career in 1975 to his retirement from Congress in 2011.","Please note: Material is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for further information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Congress. House","Virginia. General Assembly","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate","Boucher, Rick, 1946-","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Rick Boucher Papers, 1968/2017, bulk 1975/2011"],"collection_ssim":["Rick Boucher Papers, 1968/2017, bulk 1975/2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2021.048","/repositories/2/resources/3585"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2021.048","/repositories/2/resources/3585"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia, Southwest"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia, Southwest"],"places_ssim":["Virginia, Southwest"],"creator_ssm":["Boucher, Rick, 1946-"],"creator_ssim":["Boucher, Rick, 1946-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Boucher, Rick, 1946-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Congress. House","Virginia. General Assembly","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate"],"creators_ssim":["Boucher, Rick, 1946-","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Congress. House","Virginia. General Assembly","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is owned by Rick Boucher. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Rick Boucher Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in several accruals between 2021 and 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Energy policy","Environmental policy","Internet governance","Legislation","Local government","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Legislators -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Energy policy","Environmental policy","Internet governance","Legislation","Local government","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Legislators -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["116 Cubic Feet 99 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["116 Cubic Feet 99 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/266\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnopened/unused software and hardware were deaccessioned. Constituent mail with confidential and private personal information was deaccessioned at the donor request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Unopened/unused software and hardware were deaccessioned. Constituent mail with confidential and private personal information was deaccessioned at the donor request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. State Senate Files, 1968-1983\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Press Releases and Events, 1977, 1983-2010\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III. Mailers and Newsletters, 1978-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Columns and Writings, 1983-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V. Speeches, 1982-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Campaigns and Elections, 1975-2010\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. News Clippings, 1975-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Correspondence, 1982-2010\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Grants, 1992-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X. Audio/Visual Materials, [ca. 1960s-2010s] (bulk 1982-2010)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI. Congressional Work, 1970-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII. Artifacts, n. d.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII. Awards and Plaques, 1979-2008, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original physical order of the materials was maintained when processing. Except for Series I, which is arranged by record number, materials were intellectually arranged by topic and then chronologically by an archivist. Subseries were created in some cases to further separate by topic. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. State Senate Files, 1968-1983\nSeries II. Press Releases and Events, 1977, 1983-2010\nSeries III. Mailers and Newsletters, 1978-2011\nSeries IV. Columns and Writings, 1983-1999\nSeries V. Speeches, 1982-2016\nSeries VI. Campaigns and Elections, 1975-2010\nSeries VII. News Clippings, 1975-2016\nSeries VIII. Correspondence, 1982-2010\nSeries IX. Grants, 1992-1999\nSeries X. Audio/Visual Materials, [ca. 1960s-2010s] (bulk 1982-2010)\nSeries XI. Congressional Work, 1970-2017\nSeries XII. Artifacts, n. d.\nSeries XIII. Awards and Plaques, 1979-2008, n.d.","The original physical order of the materials was maintained when processing. Except for Series I, which is arranged by record number, materials were intellectually arranged by topic and then chronologically by an archivist. Subseries were created in some cases to further separate by topic."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick C. \"Rick\" Boucher was born in Washington County, Virginia on August 1, 1946. He grew up in Abingdon, Virginia, where he still lives. He attended Abingdon High School, then received his Bachelor's from  Roanoke College in 1968. In 1971, he received his J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law. He worked as a lawyer for a number of years before entering politics in the Virginia State Senate representing the 39th District. In November 1975, he simultaneously won a special election to finish out George Warren, Jr.'s term and a full term. He served from November 1975 until December 1982.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom there Boucher won the U.S. Representative seat for Virginia's 9th District as a Democrat, defeating incumbent Republican Bill Wampler and starting in January 1983. While in Congress he served on the Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Committee on the Judiciary. He was reelected to the House of Representatives until January 2011, when he lost to Republican Morgan Griffith. At that time, he retired from politics and resumed his law practice. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.congress.gov/member/rick-boucher/B000657\"\u003eFor more information about Rick Boucher's terms in the United States Congress, see his his U.S. Congress page.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frederick C. \"Rick\" Boucher was born in Washington County, Virginia on August 1, 1946. He grew up in Abingdon, Virginia, where he still lives. He attended Abingdon High School, then received his Bachelor's from  Roanoke College in 1968. In 1971, he received his J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law. He worked as a lawyer for a number of years before entering politics in the Virginia State Senate representing the 39th District. In November 1975, he simultaneously won a special election to finish out George Warren, Jr.'s term and a full term. He served from November 1975 until December 1982.","From there Boucher won the U.S. Representative seat for Virginia's 9th District as a Democrat, defeating incumbent Republican Bill Wampler and starting in January 1983. While in Congress he served on the Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Committee on the Judiciary. He was reelected to the House of Representatives until January 2011, when he lost to Republican Morgan Griffith. At that time, he retired from politics and resumed his law practice.","For more information about Rick Boucher's terms in the United States Congress, see his his U.S. Congress page."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Rick Boucher Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Rick Boucher Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Rick Boucher Papers, Ms2021-048, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Rick Boucher Papers, Ms2021-048, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Rick Boucher Papers was completed in August 2022. Additions were integrated in August 2023, November 2023, May 2024, and March 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Rick Boucher Papers was completed in August 2022. Additions were integrated in August 2023, November 2023, May 2024, and March 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also maintains the papers of Rick Boucher's predecessor in the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1364.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eWilliam C. Wampler Congressional Papers, Ms1982-003\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also maintains the papers of Rick Boucher's predecessor in the William C. Wampler Congressional Papers, Ms1982-003."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Rick Boucher Papers, 1968-2017, document his career in the Virginia State Senate, 1975-1982, and in the United States Congress as the Representative of Virginia's 9th District, 1983-2011. The collection consists of press releases, Boucher's writings, mailers he distributed, information about his campaigns and elections, scripts of speeches he gave, news clippings about him and issues he worked on, correspondence, information about grants that he worked on, and audiovisual materials including photographs, VHS tapes, video reels, audio cassettes, DVDs, awards, and digital files. Materials primarily span from the beginning of his political career in 1975 to his retirement from Congress in 2011. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. State Senate Files, 1968-1983, consist of records of Boucher's service in the Virginia State Senate, which includes newsletters and legislative work around such topics as energy, drugs, criminal law, children, health, infrastructure, and economics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Press Releases and Events, 1977, 1983-2010, consists of press releases and materials related to press events from Boucher's office. Press releases are on such topics as the environment, energy, education, crime, the military and veterans, economics, health, technology, seniors, agriculture, and infrastructure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Mailers and Newsletters, 1978-2011, consists of mailings Boucher distributed to advise constituents of projects and events relating to infrastructure, energy, seniors, agriculture, economics, energy, and his general work in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Columns and Writings, 1983-1999, consists of Boucher's published writing on a variety of topics including health, education, economics, infrastructure, agriculture, seniors, veterans and the military, technology, energy, and crime. Most were composed for Boucher's weekly newspaper column.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Speeches, 1982-2016, consists of scripts and transcripts of speeches given by Boucher on a variety of topics in his role as a Representative of Virginia's 9th District and a member of several Congressional committees. Most are handwritten, while some are typed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. Campaigns and Elections, 1982-2010, consists of voter attitude surveys, polls, campaign materials, and election results from Boucher's campaigns spanning from 1982-2010.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII. News Clippings, 1975-2016, consists of phyiscal newsprint and printed articles relating to Boucher and his Congressional work on a variety of topics including education, technology, energy, the environment, agriculture, infrastructure, health, economics, his campaigns, and legislation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII. Correspondence, [ca. 1960s-2010s] (bulk 1982-2010), consists of personal and professional letters and emails relating to Boucher's Congressional work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX. Grants, 1992-1999, consists of records of the grants Boucher was involved in during his time in Congress, mostly for infrastructure projects. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries X. Audio/Visual Materials, 1982-2010, consist of photographs, VHS tapes, DVDs, video reels, and realia related to Boucher's congressional service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XI. Congressional Work, 1970-2017, contains materials related to Boucher's Congressional service from 1983-2011. It spans a variety of topics including energy, district tours, congressional travel, economics, education, technology, copyright, infrastructure, the environment, town meetings, and agriculture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XII. Artifacts, n. d., contains an engraved letter opener, an Electro-Tec pen, U.S. Representative Rick Boucher pens, a parliamentary rules of order slider, and other artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIII: Awards and Plaques, 1979-2008, n.d., includes various awards, plaques, and certificates given to Boucher in relation to his work serving as a public official. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Rick Boucher Papers, 1968-2017, document his career in the Virginia State Senate, 1975-1982, and in the United States Congress as the Representative of Virginia's 9th District, 1983-2011. The collection consists of press releases, Boucher's writings, mailers he distributed, information about his campaigns and elections, scripts of speeches he gave, news clippings about him and issues he worked on, correspondence, information about grants that he worked on, and audiovisual materials including photographs, VHS tapes, video reels, audio cassettes, DVDs, awards, and digital files. Materials primarily span from the beginning of his political career in 1975 to his retirement from Congress in 2011.","Series I. State Senate Files, 1968-1983, consist of records of Boucher's service in the Virginia State Senate, which includes newsletters and legislative work around such topics as energy, drugs, criminal law, children, health, infrastructure, and economics.","Series II. Press Releases and Events, 1977, 1983-2010, consists of press releases and materials related to press events from Boucher's office. Press releases are on such topics as the environment, energy, education, crime, the military and veterans, economics, health, technology, seniors, agriculture, and infrastructure.","Series III. Mailers and Newsletters, 1978-2011, consists of mailings Boucher distributed to advise constituents of projects and events relating to infrastructure, energy, seniors, agriculture, economics, energy, and his general work in Virginia.","Series IV. Columns and Writings, 1983-1999, consists of Boucher's published writing on a variety of topics including health, education, economics, infrastructure, agriculture, seniors, veterans and the military, technology, energy, and crime. Most were composed for Boucher's weekly newspaper column.","Series V. Speeches, 1982-2016, consists of scripts and transcripts of speeches given by Boucher on a variety of topics in his role as a Representative of Virginia's 9th District and a member of several Congressional committees. Most are handwritten, while some are typed.","Series VI. Campaigns and Elections, 1982-2010, consists of voter attitude surveys, polls, campaign materials, and election results from Boucher's campaigns spanning from 1982-2010.","Series VII. News Clippings, 1975-2016, consists of phyiscal newsprint and printed articles relating to Boucher and his Congressional work on a variety of topics including education, technology, energy, the environment, agriculture, infrastructure, health, economics, his campaigns, and legislation.","Series VIII. Correspondence, [ca. 1960s-2010s] (bulk 1982-2010), consists of personal and professional letters and emails relating to Boucher's Congressional work.","Series IX. Grants, 1992-1999, consists of records of the grants Boucher was involved in during his time in Congress, mostly for infrastructure projects.","Series X. Audio/Visual Materials, 1982-2010, consist of photographs, VHS tapes, DVDs, video reels, and realia related to Boucher's congressional service.","Series XI. Congressional Work, 1970-2017, contains materials related to Boucher's Congressional service from 1983-2011. It spans a variety of topics including energy, district tours, congressional travel, economics, education, technology, copyright, infrastructure, the environment, town meetings, and agriculture.","Series XII. Artifacts, n. d., contains an engraved letter opener, an Electro-Tec pen, U.S. Representative Rick Boucher pens, a parliamentary rules of order slider, and other artifacts.","Series XIII: Awards and Plaques, 1979-2008, n.d., includes various awards, plaques, and certificates given to Boucher in relation to his work serving as a public official."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is owned by Rick Boucher. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is owned by Rick Boucher. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ae4aeea4243ebd23933cbfa935f2be2e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Rick Boucher Papers, 1968-2017, document his career in the Virginia State Senate, 1975-1982, and in the United States Congress as the Representative of Virginia's 9th District, 1983-2011. The collection consists of press releases, Boucher's writings, mailers he distributed, information about his campaigns and elections, scripts of speeches he gave, news clippings about him and issues he worked on, correspondence, information about grants that he worked on, and audiovisual materials including photographs, VHS tapes, video reels, audio cassettes, DVDs, awards, and digital files. Materials primarily span from the beginning of his political career in 1975 to his retirement from Congress in 2011.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Rick Boucher Papers, 1968-2017, document his career in the Virginia State Senate, 1975-1982, and in the United States Congress as the Representative of Virginia's 9th District, 1983-2011. The collection consists of press releases, Boucher's writings, mailers he distributed, information about his campaigns and elections, scripts of speeches he gave, news clippings about him and issues he worked on, correspondence, information about grants that he worked on, and audiovisual materials including photographs, VHS tapes, video reels, audio cassettes, DVDs, awards, and digital files. Materials primarily span from the beginning of his political career in 1975 to his retirement from Congress in 2011."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_0e037a903635c7131d51a1ab67342f16\" label=\"Physical Access\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e Material is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for further information.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Please note: Material is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for further information."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Congress. House","Virginia. General Assembly","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. House","Virginia. General Assembly","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate","Boucher, Rick, 1946-"],"persname_ssim":["Boucher, Rick, 1946-"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Congress. House","Virginia. General Assembly","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate","Boucher, Rick, 1946-"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6326,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:32:04.214Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3585","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3585","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3585","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3585","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3585.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Boucher, Rick, Papers","title_ssm":["Rick Boucher Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rick Boucher Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1968-2017","(bulk 1975-2011)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1968-2017"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["(bulk 1975-2011)"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968/2017, bulk 1975/2011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rick Boucher Papers, 1968/2017, bulk 1975/2011"],"text":["Rick Boucher Papers, 1968/2017, bulk 1975/2011","Ms.2021.048","/repositories/2/resources/3585","Virginia, Southwest","Energy policy","Environmental policy","Internet governance","Legislation","Local government","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Legislators -- United States","The collection is open for research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","Unopened/unused software and hardware were deaccessioned. Constituent mail with confidential and private personal information was deaccessioned at the donor request.","The collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. State Senate Files, 1968-1983\nSeries II. Press Releases and Events, 1977, 1983-2010\nSeries III. Mailers and Newsletters, 1978-2011\nSeries IV. Columns and Writings, 1983-1999\nSeries V. Speeches, 1982-2016\nSeries VI. Campaigns and Elections, 1975-2010\nSeries VII. News Clippings, 1975-2016\nSeries VIII. Correspondence, 1982-2010\nSeries IX. Grants, 1992-1999\nSeries X. Audio/Visual Materials, [ca. 1960s-2010s] (bulk 1982-2010)\nSeries XI. Congressional Work, 1970-2017\nSeries XII. Artifacts, n. d.\nSeries XIII. Awards and Plaques, 1979-2008, n.d.","The original physical order of the materials was maintained when processing. Except for Series I, which is arranged by record number, materials were intellectually arranged by topic and then chronologically by an archivist. Subseries were created in some cases to further separate by topic.","Frederick C. \"Rick\" Boucher was born in Washington County, Virginia on August 1, 1946. He grew up in Abingdon, Virginia, where he still lives. He attended Abingdon High School, then received his Bachelor's from  Roanoke College in 1968. In 1971, he received his J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law. He worked as a lawyer for a number of years before entering politics in the Virginia State Senate representing the 39th District. In November 1975, he simultaneously won a special election to finish out George Warren, Jr.'s term and a full term. He served from November 1975 until December 1982.","From there Boucher won the U.S. Representative seat for Virginia's 9th District as a Democrat, defeating incumbent Republican Bill Wampler and starting in January 1983. While in Congress he served on the Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Committee on the Judiciary. He was reelected to the House of Representatives until January 2011, when he lost to Republican Morgan Griffith. At that time, he retired from politics and resumed his law practice.","For more information about Rick Boucher's terms in the United States Congress, see his his U.S. Congress page.","The guide to the Rick Boucher Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Rick Boucher Papers was completed in August 2022. Additions were integrated in August 2023, November 2023, May 2024, and March 2025.","Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also maintains the papers of Rick Boucher's predecessor in the William C. Wampler Congressional Papers, Ms1982-003.","The Rick Boucher Papers, 1968-2017, document his career in the Virginia State Senate, 1975-1982, and in the United States Congress as the Representative of Virginia's 9th District, 1983-2011. The collection consists of press releases, Boucher's writings, mailers he distributed, information about his campaigns and elections, scripts of speeches he gave, news clippings about him and issues he worked on, correspondence, information about grants that he worked on, and audiovisual materials including photographs, VHS tapes, video reels, audio cassettes, DVDs, awards, and digital files. Materials primarily span from the beginning of his political career in 1975 to his retirement from Congress in 2011.","Series I. State Senate Files, 1968-1983, consist of records of Boucher's service in the Virginia State Senate, which includes newsletters and legislative work around such topics as energy, drugs, criminal law, children, health, infrastructure, and economics.","Series II. Press Releases and Events, 1977, 1983-2010, consists of press releases and materials related to press events from Boucher's office. Press releases are on such topics as the environment, energy, education, crime, the military and veterans, economics, health, technology, seniors, agriculture, and infrastructure.","Series III. Mailers and Newsletters, 1978-2011, consists of mailings Boucher distributed to advise constituents of projects and events relating to infrastructure, energy, seniors, agriculture, economics, energy, and his general work in Virginia.","Series IV. Columns and Writings, 1983-1999, consists of Boucher's published writing on a variety of topics including health, education, economics, infrastructure, agriculture, seniors, veterans and the military, technology, energy, and crime. Most were composed for Boucher's weekly newspaper column.","Series V. Speeches, 1982-2016, consists of scripts and transcripts of speeches given by Boucher on a variety of topics in his role as a Representative of Virginia's 9th District and a member of several Congressional committees. Most are handwritten, while some are typed.","Series VI. Campaigns and Elections, 1982-2010, consists of voter attitude surveys, polls, campaign materials, and election results from Boucher's campaigns spanning from 1982-2010.","Series VII. News Clippings, 1975-2016, consists of phyiscal newsprint and printed articles relating to Boucher and his Congressional work on a variety of topics including education, technology, energy, the environment, agriculture, infrastructure, health, economics, his campaigns, and legislation.","Series VIII. Correspondence, [ca. 1960s-2010s] (bulk 1982-2010), consists of personal and professional letters and emails relating to Boucher's Congressional work.","Series IX. Grants, 1992-1999, consists of records of the grants Boucher was involved in during his time in Congress, mostly for infrastructure projects.","Series X. Audio/Visual Materials, 1982-2010, consist of photographs, VHS tapes, DVDs, video reels, and realia related to Boucher's congressional service.","Series XI. Congressional Work, 1970-2017, contains materials related to Boucher's Congressional service from 1983-2011. It spans a variety of topics including energy, district tours, congressional travel, economics, education, technology, copyright, infrastructure, the environment, town meetings, and agriculture.","Series XII. Artifacts, n. d., contains an engraved letter opener, an Electro-Tec pen, U.S. Representative Rick Boucher pens, a parliamentary rules of order slider, and other artifacts.","Series XIII: Awards and Plaques, 1979-2008, n.d., includes various awards, plaques, and certificates given to Boucher in relation to his work serving as a public official.","The copyright status of this collection is owned by Rick Boucher. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Rick Boucher Papers, 1968-2017, document his career in the Virginia State Senate, 1975-1982, and in the United States Congress as the Representative of Virginia's 9th District, 1983-2011. The collection consists of press releases, Boucher's writings, mailers he distributed, information about his campaigns and elections, scripts of speeches he gave, news clippings about him and issues he worked on, correspondence, information about grants that he worked on, and audiovisual materials including photographs, VHS tapes, video reels, audio cassettes, DVDs, awards, and digital files. Materials primarily span from the beginning of his political career in 1975 to his retirement from Congress in 2011.","Please note: Material is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for further information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Congress. House","Virginia. General Assembly","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate","Boucher, Rick, 1946-","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Rick Boucher Papers, 1968/2017, bulk 1975/2011"],"collection_ssim":["Rick Boucher Papers, 1968/2017, bulk 1975/2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2021.048","/repositories/2/resources/3585"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2021.048","/repositories/2/resources/3585"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia, Southwest"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia, Southwest"],"places_ssim":["Virginia, Southwest"],"creator_ssm":["Boucher, Rick, 1946-"],"creator_ssim":["Boucher, Rick, 1946-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Boucher, Rick, 1946-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Congress. House","Virginia. General Assembly","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate"],"creators_ssim":["Boucher, Rick, 1946-","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Congress. House","Virginia. General Assembly","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is owned by Rick Boucher. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Rick Boucher Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in several accruals between 2021 and 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Energy policy","Environmental policy","Internet governance","Legislation","Local government","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Legislators -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Energy policy","Environmental policy","Internet governance","Legislation","Local government","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Legislators -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["116 Cubic Feet 99 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["116 Cubic Feet 99 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/266\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnopened/unused software and hardware were deaccessioned. Constituent mail with confidential and private personal information was deaccessioned at the donor request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Unopened/unused software and hardware were deaccessioned. Constituent mail with confidential and private personal information was deaccessioned at the donor request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. State Senate Files, 1968-1983\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Press Releases and Events, 1977, 1983-2010\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III. Mailers and Newsletters, 1978-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Columns and Writings, 1983-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V. Speeches, 1982-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Campaigns and Elections, 1975-2010\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. News Clippings, 1975-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Correspondence, 1982-2010\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Grants, 1992-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X. Audio/Visual Materials, [ca. 1960s-2010s] (bulk 1982-2010)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI. Congressional Work, 1970-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII. Artifacts, n. d.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII. Awards and Plaques, 1979-2008, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original physical order of the materials was maintained when processing. Except for Series I, which is arranged by record number, materials were intellectually arranged by topic and then chronologically by an archivist. Subseries were created in some cases to further separate by topic. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. State Senate Files, 1968-1983\nSeries II. Press Releases and Events, 1977, 1983-2010\nSeries III. Mailers and Newsletters, 1978-2011\nSeries IV. Columns and Writings, 1983-1999\nSeries V. Speeches, 1982-2016\nSeries VI. Campaigns and Elections, 1975-2010\nSeries VII. News Clippings, 1975-2016\nSeries VIII. Correspondence, 1982-2010\nSeries IX. Grants, 1992-1999\nSeries X. Audio/Visual Materials, [ca. 1960s-2010s] (bulk 1982-2010)\nSeries XI. Congressional Work, 1970-2017\nSeries XII. Artifacts, n. d.\nSeries XIII. Awards and Plaques, 1979-2008, n.d.","The original physical order of the materials was maintained when processing. Except for Series I, which is arranged by record number, materials were intellectually arranged by topic and then chronologically by an archivist. Subseries were created in some cases to further separate by topic."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick C. \"Rick\" Boucher was born in Washington County, Virginia on August 1, 1946. He grew up in Abingdon, Virginia, where he still lives. He attended Abingdon High School, then received his Bachelor's from  Roanoke College in 1968. In 1971, he received his J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law. He worked as a lawyer for a number of years before entering politics in the Virginia State Senate representing the 39th District. In November 1975, he simultaneously won a special election to finish out George Warren, Jr.'s term and a full term. He served from November 1975 until December 1982.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom there Boucher won the U.S. Representative seat for Virginia's 9th District as a Democrat, defeating incumbent Republican Bill Wampler and starting in January 1983. While in Congress he served on the Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Committee on the Judiciary. He was reelected to the House of Representatives until January 2011, when he lost to Republican Morgan Griffith. At that time, he retired from politics and resumed his law practice. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.congress.gov/member/rick-boucher/B000657\"\u003eFor more information about Rick Boucher's terms in the United States Congress, see his his U.S. Congress page.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frederick C. \"Rick\" Boucher was born in Washington County, Virginia on August 1, 1946. He grew up in Abingdon, Virginia, where he still lives. He attended Abingdon High School, then received his Bachelor's from  Roanoke College in 1968. In 1971, he received his J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law. He worked as a lawyer for a number of years before entering politics in the Virginia State Senate representing the 39th District. In November 1975, he simultaneously won a special election to finish out George Warren, Jr.'s term and a full term. He served from November 1975 until December 1982.","From there Boucher won the U.S. Representative seat for Virginia's 9th District as a Democrat, defeating incumbent Republican Bill Wampler and starting in January 1983. While in Congress he served on the Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Committee on the Judiciary. He was reelected to the House of Representatives until January 2011, when he lost to Republican Morgan Griffith. At that time, he retired from politics and resumed his law practice.","For more information about Rick Boucher's terms in the United States Congress, see his his U.S. Congress page."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Rick Boucher Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Rick Boucher Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Rick Boucher Papers, Ms2021-048, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Rick Boucher Papers, Ms2021-048, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Rick Boucher Papers was completed in August 2022. Additions were integrated in August 2023, November 2023, May 2024, and March 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Rick Boucher Papers was completed in August 2022. Additions were integrated in August 2023, November 2023, May 2024, and March 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also maintains the papers of Rick Boucher's predecessor in the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1364.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eWilliam C. Wampler Congressional Papers, Ms1982-003\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also maintains the papers of Rick Boucher's predecessor in the William C. Wampler Congressional Papers, Ms1982-003."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Rick Boucher Papers, 1968-2017, document his career in the Virginia State Senate, 1975-1982, and in the United States Congress as the Representative of Virginia's 9th District, 1983-2011. The collection consists of press releases, Boucher's writings, mailers he distributed, information about his campaigns and elections, scripts of speeches he gave, news clippings about him and issues he worked on, correspondence, information about grants that he worked on, and audiovisual materials including photographs, VHS tapes, video reels, audio cassettes, DVDs, awards, and digital files. Materials primarily span from the beginning of his political career in 1975 to his retirement from Congress in 2011. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. State Senate Files, 1968-1983, consist of records of Boucher's service in the Virginia State Senate, which includes newsletters and legislative work around such topics as energy, drugs, criminal law, children, health, infrastructure, and economics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Press Releases and Events, 1977, 1983-2010, consists of press releases and materials related to press events from Boucher's office. Press releases are on such topics as the environment, energy, education, crime, the military and veterans, economics, health, technology, seniors, agriculture, and infrastructure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Mailers and Newsletters, 1978-2011, consists of mailings Boucher distributed to advise constituents of projects and events relating to infrastructure, energy, seniors, agriculture, economics, energy, and his general work in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Columns and Writings, 1983-1999, consists of Boucher's published writing on a variety of topics including health, education, economics, infrastructure, agriculture, seniors, veterans and the military, technology, energy, and crime. Most were composed for Boucher's weekly newspaper column.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Speeches, 1982-2016, consists of scripts and transcripts of speeches given by Boucher on a variety of topics in his role as a Representative of Virginia's 9th District and a member of several Congressional committees. Most are handwritten, while some are typed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. Campaigns and Elections, 1982-2010, consists of voter attitude surveys, polls, campaign materials, and election results from Boucher's campaigns spanning from 1982-2010.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII. News Clippings, 1975-2016, consists of phyiscal newsprint and printed articles relating to Boucher and his Congressional work on a variety of topics including education, technology, energy, the environment, agriculture, infrastructure, health, economics, his campaigns, and legislation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII. Correspondence, [ca. 1960s-2010s] (bulk 1982-2010), consists of personal and professional letters and emails relating to Boucher's Congressional work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX. Grants, 1992-1999, consists of records of the grants Boucher was involved in during his time in Congress, mostly for infrastructure projects. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries X. Audio/Visual Materials, 1982-2010, consist of photographs, VHS tapes, DVDs, video reels, and realia related to Boucher's congressional service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XI. Congressional Work, 1970-2017, contains materials related to Boucher's Congressional service from 1983-2011. It spans a variety of topics including energy, district tours, congressional travel, economics, education, technology, copyright, infrastructure, the environment, town meetings, and agriculture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XII. Artifacts, n. d., contains an engraved letter opener, an Electro-Tec pen, U.S. Representative Rick Boucher pens, a parliamentary rules of order slider, and other artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIII: Awards and Plaques, 1979-2008, n.d., includes various awards, plaques, and certificates given to Boucher in relation to his work serving as a public official. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Rick Boucher Papers, 1968-2017, document his career in the Virginia State Senate, 1975-1982, and in the United States Congress as the Representative of Virginia's 9th District, 1983-2011. The collection consists of press releases, Boucher's writings, mailers he distributed, information about his campaigns and elections, scripts of speeches he gave, news clippings about him and issues he worked on, correspondence, information about grants that he worked on, and audiovisual materials including photographs, VHS tapes, video reels, audio cassettes, DVDs, awards, and digital files. Materials primarily span from the beginning of his political career in 1975 to his retirement from Congress in 2011.","Series I. State Senate Files, 1968-1983, consist of records of Boucher's service in the Virginia State Senate, which includes newsletters and legislative work around such topics as energy, drugs, criminal law, children, health, infrastructure, and economics.","Series II. Press Releases and Events, 1977, 1983-2010, consists of press releases and materials related to press events from Boucher's office. Press releases are on such topics as the environment, energy, education, crime, the military and veterans, economics, health, technology, seniors, agriculture, and infrastructure.","Series III. Mailers and Newsletters, 1978-2011, consists of mailings Boucher distributed to advise constituents of projects and events relating to infrastructure, energy, seniors, agriculture, economics, energy, and his general work in Virginia.","Series IV. Columns and Writings, 1983-1999, consists of Boucher's published writing on a variety of topics including health, education, economics, infrastructure, agriculture, seniors, veterans and the military, technology, energy, and crime. Most were composed for Boucher's weekly newspaper column.","Series V. Speeches, 1982-2016, consists of scripts and transcripts of speeches given by Boucher on a variety of topics in his role as a Representative of Virginia's 9th District and a member of several Congressional committees. Most are handwritten, while some are typed.","Series VI. Campaigns and Elections, 1982-2010, consists of voter attitude surveys, polls, campaign materials, and election results from Boucher's campaigns spanning from 1982-2010.","Series VII. News Clippings, 1975-2016, consists of phyiscal newsprint and printed articles relating to Boucher and his Congressional work on a variety of topics including education, technology, energy, the environment, agriculture, infrastructure, health, economics, his campaigns, and legislation.","Series VIII. Correspondence, [ca. 1960s-2010s] (bulk 1982-2010), consists of personal and professional letters and emails relating to Boucher's Congressional work.","Series IX. Grants, 1992-1999, consists of records of the grants Boucher was involved in during his time in Congress, mostly for infrastructure projects.","Series X. Audio/Visual Materials, 1982-2010, consist of photographs, VHS tapes, DVDs, video reels, and realia related to Boucher's congressional service.","Series XI. Congressional Work, 1970-2017, contains materials related to Boucher's Congressional service from 1983-2011. It spans a variety of topics including energy, district tours, congressional travel, economics, education, technology, copyright, infrastructure, the environment, town meetings, and agriculture.","Series XII. Artifacts, n. d., contains an engraved letter opener, an Electro-Tec pen, U.S. Representative Rick Boucher pens, a parliamentary rules of order slider, and other artifacts.","Series XIII: Awards and Plaques, 1979-2008, n.d., includes various awards, plaques, and certificates given to Boucher in relation to his work serving as a public official."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is owned by Rick Boucher. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is owned by Rick Boucher. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ae4aeea4243ebd23933cbfa935f2be2e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Rick Boucher Papers, 1968-2017, document his career in the Virginia State Senate, 1975-1982, and in the United States Congress as the Representative of Virginia's 9th District, 1983-2011. The collection consists of press releases, Boucher's writings, mailers he distributed, information about his campaigns and elections, scripts of speeches he gave, news clippings about him and issues he worked on, correspondence, information about grants that he worked on, and audiovisual materials including photographs, VHS tapes, video reels, audio cassettes, DVDs, awards, and digital files. Materials primarily span from the beginning of his political career in 1975 to his retirement from Congress in 2011.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Rick Boucher Papers, 1968-2017, document his career in the Virginia State Senate, 1975-1982, and in the United States Congress as the Representative of Virginia's 9th District, 1983-2011. The collection consists of press releases, Boucher's writings, mailers he distributed, information about his campaigns and elections, scripts of speeches he gave, news clippings about him and issues he worked on, correspondence, information about grants that he worked on, and audiovisual materials including photographs, VHS tapes, video reels, audio cassettes, DVDs, awards, and digital files. Materials primarily span from the beginning of his political career in 1975 to his retirement from Congress in 2011."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_0e037a903635c7131d51a1ab67342f16\" label=\"Physical Access\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e Material is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for further information.\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Please note: Material is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for further information."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Congress. House","Virginia. General Assembly","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. House","Virginia. General Assembly","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate","Boucher, Rick, 1946-"],"persname_ssim":["Boucher, Rick, 1946-"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Congress. House","Virginia. General Assembly","Virginia. General Assembly. Senate","Boucher, Rick, 1946-"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6326,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:32:04.214Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3585"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1210","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers, 1925/1984","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1210#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Michael, Rudolph Dixon, 1904-1994","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1210#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains the papers of Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor, Rudolph Dixon Michael. It contains correspondence and notes relating to the histories Blacksburg, the Preston family, and Smithfield Plantation (including maps of the grounds and the cemetery). It also contains a few campus photographs and printed materials related to Virginia Tech.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1210#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1210","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1210","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1210","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1210","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1210.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Michael, Rudolph Dixon, Papers","title_ssm":["Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1925-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1925/1984"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers, 1925/1984"],"text":["Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers, 1925/1984","Ms.1960.005","Blacksburg (Va.)","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Politicians -- United States","University History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by document type, then chronologically.","Rudolph Dixon Michael, Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor, was born in Berwick, Pennsylvania on January 14, 1904. The son of William Ellis and Laura McHenry Michael, he graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech) in 1926 with a degree in agricultural engineering. (He would later also obtain a degree from Kansas State University.) An active student, Michael was a member of the basketball team and several clubs; he also served as editor of the student newspaper and as president of the senior class.","Michael became an English instructor at Virginia Tech in 1928, while also serving as an assistant in publications. In 1930, he became director of broadcasting and assistant agricultural editor of the Agricultural Extension Division. In 1943, he was promoted to agricultural editor, a position from which he retired in 1965.","Michael served on the Blacksburg Town Council for ten years and later in life served as chairman of the VPI-Blacksburg Sanitation Authority. He was a member of several community organizations and a deacon at Blacksburg Baptist Church. Michael and his wife, Mary Spiggle Michael, had two daughters. He died January 5, 1994.","The guide to the Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers occurred in January 2004.","This collection contains the papers of Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor Rudolph Dixon Michael. The collection includes a small group of correspondence, much of which dates from 1929 to 1930, and concerns the Preston family, Smithfield Plantation, and the university's effort to restore the cemetery there. The correspondence is complemented by a number of notes and essays regarding the history of Blacksburg, the Preston family, Smithfield Plantation, and Whitethorne; and maps of Smithfield Plantation, its landscaping, and the cemetery. The collection also contains a small group of printed materials relating to Virginia Tech, including a commencement program and pictorial calendar from 1926, a booklet for a 1929 alumni celebration (including biographical material on Julian Burruss and an overview of his administration), and an informational booklet on the Blacksburg-VPI Sanitation Authority. Three large photographs of campus scenes are also included, as well as reproductions of the Virginia Tech seal and Phi Kappa Phi charter certificate.","The following item was transferred to the Rare Book Collection:","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Regulations for the Virginia Polytechnic Institute,1922. [Blacksburg, Va. : The Institute, 1922]. (Spec/VPI LD5655 A3 R43 1922)","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the papers of Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor, Rudolph Dixon Michael. It contains correspondence and notes relating to the histories Blacksburg, the Preston family, and Smithfield Plantation (including maps of the grounds and the cemetery). It also contains a few campus photographs and printed materials related to Virginia Tech.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)","Michael, Rudolph Dixon, 1904-1994","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers, 1925/1984"],"collection_ssim":["Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers, 1925/1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1960.005"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1960.005"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Michael, Rudolph Dixon, 1904-1994"],"creator_ssim":["Michael, Rudolph Dixon, 1904-1994"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Michael, Rudolph Dixon, 1904-1994"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Michael, Rudolph Dixon, 1904-1994","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers were donated to Newman Library in two accessions in 1960 and 1988."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Politicians -- United States","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Politicians -- United States","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by document type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by document type, then chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRudolph Dixon Michael, Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor, was born in Berwick, Pennsylvania on January 14, 1904. The son of William Ellis and Laura McHenry Michael, he graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech) in 1926 with a degree in agricultural engineering. (He would later also obtain a degree from Kansas State University.) An active student, Michael was a member of the basketball team and several clubs; he also served as editor of the student newspaper and as president of the senior class. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMichael became an English instructor at Virginia Tech in 1928, while also serving as an assistant in publications. In 1930, he became director of broadcasting and assistant agricultural editor of the Agricultural Extension Division. In 1943, he was promoted to agricultural editor, a position from which he retired in 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMichael served on the Blacksburg Town Council for ten years and later in life served as chairman of the VPI-Blacksburg Sanitation Authority. He was a member of several community organizations and a deacon at Blacksburg Baptist Church. Michael and his wife, Mary Spiggle Michael, had two daughters. He died January 5, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Rudolph Dixon Michael, Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor, was born in Berwick, Pennsylvania on January 14, 1904. The son of William Ellis and Laura McHenry Michael, he graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech) in 1926 with a degree in agricultural engineering. (He would later also obtain a degree from Kansas State University.) An active student, Michael was a member of the basketball team and several clubs; he also served as editor of the student newspaper and as president of the senior class.","Michael became an English instructor at Virginia Tech in 1928, while also serving as an assistant in publications. In 1930, he became director of broadcasting and assistant agricultural editor of the Agricultural Extension Division. In 1943, he was promoted to agricultural editor, a position from which he retired in 1965.","Michael served on the Blacksburg Town Council for ten years and later in life served as chairman of the VPI-Blacksburg Sanitation Authority. He was a member of several community organizations and a deacon at Blacksburg Baptist Church. Michael and his wife, Mary Spiggle Michael, had two daughters. He died January 5, 1994."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers, Ms1960-005, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers, Ms1960-005, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers occurred in January 2004.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers occurred in January 2004."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor Rudolph Dixon Michael. The collection includes a small group of correspondence, much of which dates from 1929 to 1930, and concerns the Preston family, Smithfield Plantation, and the university's effort to restore the cemetery there. The correspondence is complemented by a number of notes and essays regarding the history of Blacksburg, the Preston family, Smithfield Plantation, and Whitethorne; and maps of Smithfield Plantation, its landscaping, and the cemetery. The collection also contains a small group of printed materials relating to Virginia Tech, including a commencement program and pictorial calendar from 1926, a booklet for a 1929 alumni celebration (including biographical material on Julian Burruss and an overview of his administration), and an informational booklet on the Blacksburg-VPI Sanitation Authority. Three large photographs of campus scenes are also included, as well as reproductions of the Virginia Tech seal and Phi Kappa Phi charter certificate.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor Rudolph Dixon Michael. The collection includes a small group of correspondence, much of which dates from 1929 to 1930, and concerns the Preston family, Smithfield Plantation, and the university's effort to restore the cemetery there. The correspondence is complemented by a number of notes and essays regarding the history of Blacksburg, the Preston family, Smithfield Plantation, and Whitethorne; and maps of Smithfield Plantation, its landscaping, and the cemetery. The collection also contains a small group of printed materials relating to Virginia Tech, including a commencement program and pictorial calendar from 1926, a booklet for a 1929 alumni celebration (including biographical material on Julian Burruss and an overview of his administration), and an informational booklet on the Blacksburg-VPI Sanitation Authority. Three large photographs of campus scenes are also included, as well as reproductions of the Virginia Tech seal and Phi Kappa Phi charter certificate."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following item was transferred to the Rare Book Collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Polytechnic Institute. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRegulations for the Virginia Polytechnic Institute,\u003c/title\u003e1922. [Blacksburg, Va. : The Institute, 1922]. (Spec/VPI LD5655 A3 R43 1922)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Archival Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following item was transferred to the Rare Book Collection:","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Regulations for the Virginia Polytechnic Institute,1922. [Blacksburg, Va. : The Institute, 1922]. (Spec/VPI LD5655 A3 R43 1922)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_aa5d11eb9a8d89e1b2c74dff3e19471d\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor, Rudolph Dixon Michael. It contains correspondence and notes relating to the histories Blacksburg, the Preston family, and Smithfield Plantation (including maps of the grounds and the cemetery). It also contains a few campus photographs and printed materials related to Virginia Tech.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor, Rudolph Dixon Michael. It contains correspondence and notes relating to the histories Blacksburg, the Preston family, and Smithfield Plantation (including maps of the grounds and the cemetery). It also contains a few campus photographs and printed materials related to Virginia Tech."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"famname_ssim":["Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Michael, Rudolph Dixon, 1904-1994"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)","Michael, Rudolph Dixon, 1904-1994"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:29:03.904Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1210","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1210","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1210","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1210","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1210.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Michael, Rudolph Dixon, Papers","title_ssm":["Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1925-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1925-1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1925/1984"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers, 1925/1984"],"text":["Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers, 1925/1984","Ms.1960.005","Blacksburg (Va.)","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Politicians -- United States","University History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by document type, then chronologically.","Rudolph Dixon Michael, Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor, was born in Berwick, Pennsylvania on January 14, 1904. The son of William Ellis and Laura McHenry Michael, he graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech) in 1926 with a degree in agricultural engineering. (He would later also obtain a degree from Kansas State University.) An active student, Michael was a member of the basketball team and several clubs; he also served as editor of the student newspaper and as president of the senior class.","Michael became an English instructor at Virginia Tech in 1928, while also serving as an assistant in publications. In 1930, he became director of broadcasting and assistant agricultural editor of the Agricultural Extension Division. In 1943, he was promoted to agricultural editor, a position from which he retired in 1965.","Michael served on the Blacksburg Town Council for ten years and later in life served as chairman of the VPI-Blacksburg Sanitation Authority. He was a member of several community organizations and a deacon at Blacksburg Baptist Church. Michael and his wife, Mary Spiggle Michael, had two daughters. He died January 5, 1994.","The guide to the Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers occurred in January 2004.","This collection contains the papers of Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor Rudolph Dixon Michael. The collection includes a small group of correspondence, much of which dates from 1929 to 1930, and concerns the Preston family, Smithfield Plantation, and the university's effort to restore the cemetery there. The correspondence is complemented by a number of notes and essays regarding the history of Blacksburg, the Preston family, Smithfield Plantation, and Whitethorne; and maps of Smithfield Plantation, its landscaping, and the cemetery. The collection also contains a small group of printed materials relating to Virginia Tech, including a commencement program and pictorial calendar from 1926, a booklet for a 1929 alumni celebration (including biographical material on Julian Burruss and an overview of his administration), and an informational booklet on the Blacksburg-VPI Sanitation Authority. Three large photographs of campus scenes are also included, as well as reproductions of the Virginia Tech seal and Phi Kappa Phi charter certificate.","The following item was transferred to the Rare Book Collection:","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Regulations for the Virginia Polytechnic Institute,1922. [Blacksburg, Va. : The Institute, 1922]. (Spec/VPI LD5655 A3 R43 1922)","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the papers of Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor, Rudolph Dixon Michael. It contains correspondence and notes relating to the histories Blacksburg, the Preston family, and Smithfield Plantation (including maps of the grounds and the cemetery). It also contains a few campus photographs and printed materials related to Virginia Tech.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)","Michael, Rudolph Dixon, 1904-1994","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers, 1925/1984"],"collection_ssim":["Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers, 1925/1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1960.005"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1960.005"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Michael, Rudolph Dixon, 1904-1994"],"creator_ssim":["Michael, Rudolph Dixon, 1904-1994"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Michael, Rudolph Dixon, 1904-1994"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Michael, Rudolph Dixon, 1904-1994","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers were donated to Newman Library in two accessions in 1960 and 1988."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Politicians -- United States","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Politicians -- United States","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by document type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by document type, then chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRudolph Dixon Michael, Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor, was born in Berwick, Pennsylvania on January 14, 1904. The son of William Ellis and Laura McHenry Michael, he graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech) in 1926 with a degree in agricultural engineering. (He would later also obtain a degree from Kansas State University.) An active student, Michael was a member of the basketball team and several clubs; he also served as editor of the student newspaper and as president of the senior class. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMichael became an English instructor at Virginia Tech in 1928, while also serving as an assistant in publications. In 1930, he became director of broadcasting and assistant agricultural editor of the Agricultural Extension Division. In 1943, he was promoted to agricultural editor, a position from which he retired in 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMichael served on the Blacksburg Town Council for ten years and later in life served as chairman of the VPI-Blacksburg Sanitation Authority. He was a member of several community organizations and a deacon at Blacksburg Baptist Church. Michael and his wife, Mary Spiggle Michael, had two daughters. He died January 5, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Rudolph Dixon Michael, Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor, was born in Berwick, Pennsylvania on January 14, 1904. The son of William Ellis and Laura McHenry Michael, he graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech) in 1926 with a degree in agricultural engineering. (He would later also obtain a degree from Kansas State University.) An active student, Michael was a member of the basketball team and several clubs; he also served as editor of the student newspaper and as president of the senior class.","Michael became an English instructor at Virginia Tech in 1928, while also serving as an assistant in publications. In 1930, he became director of broadcasting and assistant agricultural editor of the Agricultural Extension Division. In 1943, he was promoted to agricultural editor, a position from which he retired in 1965.","Michael served on the Blacksburg Town Council for ten years and later in life served as chairman of the VPI-Blacksburg Sanitation Authority. He was a member of several community organizations and a deacon at Blacksburg Baptist Church. Michael and his wife, Mary Spiggle Michael, had two daughters. He died January 5, 1994."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers, Ms1960-005, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers, Ms1960-005, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers occurred in January 2004.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Rudolph Dixon Michael Papers occurred in January 2004."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor Rudolph Dixon Michael. The collection includes a small group of correspondence, much of which dates from 1929 to 1930, and concerns the Preston family, Smithfield Plantation, and the university's effort to restore the cemetery there. The correspondence is complemented by a number of notes and essays regarding the history of Blacksburg, the Preston family, Smithfield Plantation, and Whitethorne; and maps of Smithfield Plantation, its landscaping, and the cemetery. The collection also contains a small group of printed materials relating to Virginia Tech, including a commencement program and pictorial calendar from 1926, a booklet for a 1929 alumni celebration (including biographical material on Julian Burruss and an overview of his administration), and an informational booklet on the Blacksburg-VPI Sanitation Authority. Three large photographs of campus scenes are also included, as well as reproductions of the Virginia Tech seal and Phi Kappa Phi charter certificate.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor Rudolph Dixon Michael. The collection includes a small group of correspondence, much of which dates from 1929 to 1930, and concerns the Preston family, Smithfield Plantation, and the university's effort to restore the cemetery there. The correspondence is complemented by a number of notes and essays regarding the history of Blacksburg, the Preston family, Smithfield Plantation, and Whitethorne; and maps of Smithfield Plantation, its landscaping, and the cemetery. The collection also contains a small group of printed materials relating to Virginia Tech, including a commencement program and pictorial calendar from 1926, a booklet for a 1929 alumni celebration (including biographical material on Julian Burruss and an overview of his administration), and an informational booklet on the Blacksburg-VPI Sanitation Authority. Three large photographs of campus scenes are also included, as well as reproductions of the Virginia Tech seal and Phi Kappa Phi charter certificate."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following item was transferred to the Rare Book Collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Polytechnic Institute. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRegulations for the Virginia Polytechnic Institute,\u003c/title\u003e1922. [Blacksburg, Va. : The Institute, 1922]. (Spec/VPI LD5655 A3 R43 1922)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Archival Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following item was transferred to the Rare Book Collection:","Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Regulations for the Virginia Polytechnic Institute,1922. [Blacksburg, Va. : The Institute, 1922]. (Spec/VPI LD5655 A3 R43 1922)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_aa5d11eb9a8d89e1b2c74dff3e19471d\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor, Rudolph Dixon Michael. It contains correspondence and notes relating to the histories Blacksburg, the Preston family, and Smithfield Plantation (including maps of the grounds and the cemetery). It also contains a few campus photographs and printed materials related to Virginia Tech.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Virginia Tech alumnus and agricultural information editor, Rudolph Dixon Michael. It contains correspondence and notes relating to the histories Blacksburg, the Preston family, and Smithfield Plantation (including maps of the grounds and the cemetery). It also contains a few campus photographs and printed materials related to Virginia Tech."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"famname_ssim":["Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Michael, Rudolph Dixon, 1904-1994"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (1970-)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)","Michael, Rudolph Dixon, 1904-1994"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:29:03.904Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1210"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3687.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/208740","title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-2003","1918-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-2003"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1918-1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"text":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955","A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687","Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States","No special access restriction applies.","This collection is one of five (see also A\u0026M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026M 873 and A\u0026M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026M 1858.","In an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.","Because of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate.","For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.","Rush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.","The potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.","In 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.","By the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.","By 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.","Just as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.","Although Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.","After his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements.","During the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.","Holt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.","Chronological List of Events:","June 19, 1905: born","1920: graduated from high school","1920-1922: attended West Virginia University","1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree","1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia","1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers","1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes","1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935","1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old","1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway","1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election","1941: married Helen Louise Froelich","1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.","1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful","1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt","1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.","1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful","1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party","1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes","1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won","February 8, 1955: death","Sources:","Coffey, William Ellis. Rush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator. Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970.","A\u0026M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386","Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","The collection is divided into six series as follows:","Series 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Series 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.","Series 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.","Series 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Series 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.","Series 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","Ephemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.","17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"collection_ssim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"places_ssim":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creator_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital"],"creators_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935","West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifts of Holt, Helen F., 1956-2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["156.21 Linear Feet 156 ft. 2 1/2 in. (360 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 4 in.); (14 document cases, 2 1/2 in.); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (3 flat storage boxes, 2 1/2 in. each); (9 flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (\n44 photos in photograph filing cabinets)","11.7 Gigabytes 131 TIFF files, 2 PDF files"],"extent_tesim":["156.21 Linear Feet 156 ft. 2 1/2 in. (360 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 4 in.); (14 document cases, 2 1/2 in.); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (3 flat storage boxes, 2 1/2 in. each); (9 flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (\n44 photos in photograph filing cabinets)","11.7 Gigabytes 131 TIFF files, 2 PDF files"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp style=\"color: red;\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is one of five (see also A\u0026amp;M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026amp;M 873 and A\u0026amp;M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026amp;M 1858. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026amp;M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026amp;M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026amp;M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBecause of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center.    \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is one of five (see also A\u0026M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026M 873 and A\u0026M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026M 1858.","In an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.","Because of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate.","For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJust as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eChronological List of Events:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1905: born\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1920: graduated from high school\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1920-1922: attended West Virginia University\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1941: married Helen Louise Froelich\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 8, 1955: death \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSources:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCoffey, William Ellis. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator.\u003c/emph\u003e Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.","The potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.","In 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.","By the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.","By 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.","Just as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.","Although Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.","After his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements.","During the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.","Holt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.","Chronological List of Events:","June 19, 1905: born","1920: graduated from high school","1920-1922: attended West Virginia University","1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree","1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia","1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers","1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes","1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935","1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old","1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway","1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election","1941: married Helen Louise Froelich","1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.","1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful","1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt","1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.","1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful","1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party","1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes","1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won","February 8, 1955: death","Sources:","Coffey, William Ellis. Rush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator. Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970.","A\u0026M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0873, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, A\u0026M 0873, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into six series as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.   \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","The collection is divided into six series as follows:","Series 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Series 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.","Series 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.","Series 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Series 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.","Series 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEphemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026amp;M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Ephemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.","17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7f7aca18f594cb9e240c48f7fdefc04e\"\u003ePapers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c13cef4864374dc7a447894b02986413\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital"],"names_coll_ssim":["America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"persname_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":938,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-17T13:58:35.347Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3687.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/208740","title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-2003","1918-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-2003"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1918-1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"text":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955","A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687","Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States","No special access restriction applies.","This collection is one of five (see also A\u0026M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026M 873 and A\u0026M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026M 1858.","In an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.","Because of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate.","For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.","Rush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.","The potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.","In 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.","By the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.","By 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.","Just as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.","Although Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.","After his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements.","During the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.","Holt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.","Chronological List of Events:","June 19, 1905: born","1920: graduated from high school","1920-1922: attended West Virginia University","1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree","1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia","1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers","1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes","1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935","1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old","1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway","1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election","1941: married Helen Louise Froelich","1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.","1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful","1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt","1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.","1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful","1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party","1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes","1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won","February 8, 1955: death","Sources:","Coffey, William Ellis. Rush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator. Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970.","A\u0026M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386","Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","The collection is divided into six series as follows:","Series 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Series 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.","Series 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.","Series 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Series 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.","Series 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","Ephemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.","17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"collection_ssim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, 1840/2003, bulk 1918/1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0873","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3687"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"geogname_ssim":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"places_ssim":["Lewis County.","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government"],"creator_ssm":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creator_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital"],"creators_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935","West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifts of Holt, Helen F., 1956-2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Coal mining - Labor organization.","Education","Elections","Guffey Coal Act.","New Deal, 1933-1939","Politics and government.","Public utilities","Taxation","Unions.","United States - Social Security.","Social Security -- United States","Wheeler-Rayburn Holding Company Act","Isolationism -- United States -- History -- 20th Century","World War, 1939-1945","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["156.21 Linear Feet 156 ft. 2 1/2 in. (360 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 4 in.); (14 document cases, 2 1/2 in.); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (3 flat storage boxes, 2 1/2 in. each); (9 flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (\n44 photos in photograph filing cabinets)","11.7 Gigabytes 131 TIFF files, 2 PDF files"],"extent_tesim":["156.21 Linear Feet 156 ft. 2 1/2 in. (360 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 4 in.); (14 document cases, 2 1/2 in.); (1 flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (3 flat storage boxes, 2 1/2 in. each); (9 flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (\n44 photos in photograph filing cabinets)","11.7 Gigabytes 131 TIFF files, 2 PDF files"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp style=\"color: red;\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is one of five (see also A\u0026amp;M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026amp;M 873 and A\u0026amp;M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026amp;M 1858. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026amp;M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026amp;M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026amp;M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBecause of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center.    \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is one of five (see also A\u0026M 1858, 4218, 4039, and 3943) pertaining to Rush Dew Holt, Sr. and his family. The records have been gathered via multiple accruals from 1956 to 2016. Originally, these collections were divided between A\u0026M 873 and A\u0026M 1701, the latter also being composed of thirteen addenda and A\u0026M 1858.","In an attempt to organize the collections in a more coherent fashion for patron use and to reflect the creator(s) in a more concise manner, the material was reevaluated and reorganized into the three sets of papers with distinct series and subseries: A\u0026M 873: Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers; A\u0026M 1858: Helen Holt (1913-2015) Papers; and A\u0026M 4218: Rush Dew Holt Family Papers.","Because of the 2016-2017 reorganization, the physical arrangement no longer matches the intellectual arrangement and series order. Furthermore, any box and folder citations created prior to the above-mentioned project are likely no longer accurate.","For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJust as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHolt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eChronological List of Events:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1905: born\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1920: graduated from high school\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1920-1922: attended West Virginia University\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1941: married Helen Louise Froelich\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 8, 1955: death \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSources:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCoffey, William Ellis. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator.\u003c/emph\u003e Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt was born in Weston, West Virginia, on June 19, 1905 to parents, Dr. Matthew S. Holt and Chihela (Dew) Holt. From an early age, Holt displayed scholarly potential. By age three, he was able to read first-grade primers, and eventually became interested in numerous topics for which he was able to provide detailed statistics. Among these interests was politics, and by age six, Holt had decided he would become a Democrat.","The potential displayed by Holt as a child continued into his school years. At age five, he began public education in the second grade, and he skipped grades on two more occasions. He attended Weston High School, and after graduating with honors at age fourteen, Holt applied to the University of Cincinnati; however, the register rejected the application because Holt, while academically qualified, was considered too young. Not one to admit defeat, a trait that would prove to be a lifelong characteristic, Holt turned to West Virginia University where he was accepted. As the youngest member of the freshman class, Holt found it difficult to obtain full acceptance as a college student, and his academic record reflected his apparent dissatisfaction. After two years at West Virginia University, Holt transferred to Salem College where the enrollment was smaller (approximately 300 students) and where he was able to live with his uncle, Professor Samuel Dew. It was at Salem College that Holt regained his self-confidence. His academic performance improved, and he maintained a B-plus average. In addition to academics, Holt excelled on the debate team. He was the editor-in-chief of the school paper, and he managed the tennis team.","In 1924, Holt received a Bachelor of Arts Degree and qualification to teach at secondary schools. Shortly after his graduation, he was hired to teach at Bedford High School in Virginia where he taught English and history in addition to serving as the school's athletic director. After one academic year, Holt returned to Weston, West Virginia, where he took a position at St. Patrick's High School as the athletic director. Holt also coached the basketball team with abundant success, leading the team to two national tournaments for Catholic schools. During this time, Holt also taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College, but his fascination with athletics persisted. In addition to coaching and occasional officiating, Holt also began writing about sports. Eventually, he began to contribute columns to daily West Virginia newspapers.","By the late 1920s, Holt was attracted to the political environment, and he began to contribute to candidates who were friends of and/or who shared the views of his father. In the summer of 1928, Holt went one step further by announcing his candidacy as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates. Despite Lewis County having been predominately Republican, in addition to not having received significant party backing, Holt still obtained a higher-than-expected amount of support, losing his race by only 500 votes. Once again, however, Holt would not admit defeat. In 1930 Holt again announced his candidacy for the West Virginia House of Delegates. During the campaign, he visited locations all around Lewis County, spoke to anyone who would listen, and ensured that the grievances such as those concerning government cost, increased taxes, and the power of privately owned public utilities would all be addressed. As expected with any campaign, Holt received criticism, and those who opposed him likened the young politician to his father who they declared was a radical, a socialist, and an atheist. Despite the scornful claims, Holt, by a margin of 2,150 votes, was elected to his first public office as a Democrat to the West Virginia Legislature where he served from 1931-1935. During his years as a delegate, as promised during his campaign, Holt spoke out against corrupt practices such as government spending, an issue he addressed not even a week into the 1931 session. In addition to debating issues in the House, Holt also wrote to state supported universities, highway commissioners, and auditors in West Virginia and numerous other states to gather financial figures concerning spending, salaries, and taxes among others. Holt also began an investigation in 1931 to uncover rates, operating costs, and profits of privately and publically owned utility companies. All of these endeavors were only the first chapter in Holt's political career.","By 1934 he had gained the political support and the backing of union workers which was enough to defeat incumbent United States Senator Henry Hatfield. At age twenty-nine, Holt became the youngest person to win a United States Senate seat; however, there was immediate criticism. No sooner had the votes been tallied before a protest was filed concerning Holt's credentials: the fact that he had run for an office when he had not been of the required age. In addition to discontent within his own state, Holt also received overwhelming opposition in Washington, D.C. from Senate Republicans who threatened to object on the grounds of the constitutional age requirement. Despite the criticism, Holt's election was not overturned; however, he had to wait until he turned thirty, over five months after the Seventy-forth Congress had convened, before he could participate in senatorial proceedings.","Just as he had been active in the West Virginia Legislature, Holt did not hesitate to address both major and minor issues on Capitol Hill either. During his time in the Senate, Holt served on several committees including Education and Labor, Immigration, Mines and Mining, Naval Affairs, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He also served as a member of the United States delegation to the 1939 Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway.","Although Holt had once been referred to as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's \"Golden Boy,\" such alliances and the policies that had formed them began to dissolve by 1936. He became estranged from fellow Democrat and West Virginian Senator Matthew Neely, and Holt ended his support for the United Mine Workers of America and the Works Progress Administration, the latter of which he claimed was corrupt. Eventually, Holt criticized the Roosevelt administration for its New Deal policies, he adamantly fought Roosevelt's attempt to alter the Supreme Court by changing the number of sitting justices from nine to twelve, and he spoke out against the proposition of allowing a presidential third term. Furthermore, as unrest began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland, Holt campaigned against any attempts by the administration to involve the United States in the War. The responses from constituents about Holt's actions were mixed; nevertheless, the young senator's sudden change led to his unsuccessful renomination attempt in 1940. Holt did not even make it past the primary election.","After his Senate term ended, Holt remained in Washington, D.C. and began to support himself as a lecturer and a writer of political issues, particularly neutrality for which he received the support of the America First Committee. It was also during this time that Holt met Helen Louise Froelich, a biology teacher at National Park College near Washington. They were married a year later and moved to West Virginia. The couple had two children: a daughter, Helen Jane Holt (born in 1945) and a son, Rush Dew Holt, Jr. (born in 1948). When Senator Holt's sister, Jane (Holt) Chase, died in 1952, the couple adopted her son, David. After the Holts returned to West Virginia in 1941, Holt stayed involved in politics by accepting speaking engagements.","During the remainder of the 1940s, Holt ran several times for state offices with modest success. He was elected to the State House of Delegates in 1942 and was reelected in 1944 by write-in vote and 1946 without opposition. After a failed attempt to win the West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1944 and the nomination for United States Senator in 1948, Holt changed political affiliation. Despite this, his lack of success to achieve positions beyond the House of Delegates continued. In 1950, he won the Republican nomination to represent West Virginia's Third District in the United States House of Representatives but lost in the general election, and in 1952 Holt came very close to winning the race for West Virginia governor as the Republican candidate but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes. Success returned in 1954 when Holt was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates by the voters of Lewis County, but he was unable to finish his term due to illness.","Holt died on February 8, 1955 after a long, tough campaign against cancer.","Chronological List of Events:","June 19, 1905: born","1920: graduated from high school","1920-1922: attended West Virginia University","1922-1924: attended Salem College, received a BA degree","1924-1925: taught English and history and served as athletic director at Bedford High School in Virginia","1925-1928: served as athletic director and basketball coach at St. Patrick's High School (Catholic school) in Weston, West Virginia; taught history as a part-time instructor at Glenville Normal School and Salem College; and contributed sport columns to daily West Virginia newspapers","1928: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, lost by 500 votes","1930: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates, won by 2,150 votes, served from 1931-1935","1934: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate and won despite being only twenty-nine years old","1939: served as a member of the United States delegation to the Interparliamentary Conference in Oslo, Norway","1940: ran for renomination to the Senate, failed to win the primary election","1941: married Helen Louise Froelich","1942: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won, reelected in 1944, 1946, and 1948, served until 1950.","1944: ran as a Democrat for the West Virginia gubernatorial nomination but was unsuccessful","1945: birth of Helen Jane Holt","1948: birth of Rush Dew Holt, Jr.","1948: ran as a Democrat for the United States Senate nomination but was unsuccessful","1948: switched political affiliation to the Republican Party","1952: ran as the Republican candidate for West Virginia Governor but lost to William Marland by fewer than 30,000 votes","1954: ran as a Republican for the West Virginia House of Delegates and won","February 8, 1955: death","Sources:","Coffey, William Ellis. Rush Dew Holt: The Boy Senator. Dissertation, West Virginia University, 1970.","A\u0026M 0873, Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0873, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, A\u0026M 0873, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["1858, 3001, 3943, 4039, 4218, 4386"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into six series as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.   \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated) includes correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; and material from college courses, among other material that represents Rush Holt's personal life and political career; and ephemera collected by Rush Holt. Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated) includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt. Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated) includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity. Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated) includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents providing political opinions to Holt or requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated) includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media. Administrative Files (1937-1940) includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term.","The collection is divided into six series as follows:","Series 1. Personal and Political Papers; 1840-2000 and undated (bulk 1918-1955)","Includes material related to Rush Holt's personal, family, and political life. Additional material related to his work in politics can be found in Series 3 through 6. Types of material include correspondence; invitations and cards; material representing campaign activities; material from college courses; bills for recordings, radio station receipts, and election expenditures; typescripts, newsletters, manuscripts, and photocopies of material written by Rush Holt; publications to which Rush Holt subscribed and collected; photographs that represent Rush Holt's personal life and political career; ephemera collected by Rush Holt; and election results collected by Rush Holt.","Series 2. Artifacts; 1939-1952 and undated","Includes personal and political items collected by Rush Holt.","Series 3. Legislative Records; 1920-1955 and undated","Includes correspondence, reports, publications, clippings, statistics, transcripts, financial records, and project records, among other miscellaneous material relative to Rush Holt's committee-based and general legislative activity.","Series 4. Constituent Services; 1923-1954 and undated","Includes mail received by Rush Holt during his time in the West Virginia House of Delegates and the United States Senate from constituents requesting government publications and bulletins, copies of speeches, educational material, and Rush Holt's recommendation to the United States Military or Naval Academy. In some cases, this series also includes typescript responses, many of which are generic.","Series 5. Press and Media Activity; 1925-2003 and undated (bulk 1925-1955)","Includes original and photocopied articles from newspapers and similar publications, typescripts of press releases, pen-and-ink drawn political cartoons, transcripts of speeches, and sound recordings, among other material representing Rush Holt's involvement with the press and media.","Series 6. Administrative Files; 1937-1940","Includes material documenting the daily office activities of Rush Holt and his staff during the former's senatorial term."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEphemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026amp;M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Ephemeral items not specific to Rush Dew Holt were moved to the Printed Ephemera Collection. Several local basketball scorecards were moved to A\u0026M 4216, the Annual West Virginia State High School Basketball Tournament Programs collection.","17 reels of undated sound recordings, chiefly relating to the political career of Rush Dew Holt, were separated to the oral history collection, C432 R699-R715 (17 tapes). These tapes include some personal material as well."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7f7aca18f594cb9e240c48f7fdefc04e\"\u003ePapers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of Rush Dew Holt, Sr. (1905-1955) relating to his personal and political activities. Types of material include publications, clippings, correspondence, photographs, and ephemera, among others. The collection is divided into six series: Personal and Political Papers (1840-2000 and undated), Artifacts (1939-1952 and undated), Legislative Records (1920-1955 and undated), Constituent Services (1923-1954 and undated), Press and Media Activity (1925-2003 and undated), and Administrative Files (1937-1940)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_c13cef4864374dc7a447894b02986413\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital"],"names_coll_ssim":["America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"persname_ssim":["Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","America First Committee","American Federation of Labor","Congress of Industrial Organizations (U.S.)","United States. National Bituminous Coal Commission","United States. National Labor Relations Board","Progressive Mine Workers of America","United Mine Workers of America","United States. National Recovery Administration","United States. Supreme Court","United States. Congress. Senate","West Virginia. Legislature","United States. Works Progress Administration","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Weston State Hospital","Holt, Rush Dew, 1905-1955","Bittner, Van A. (Van Amberg), 1885-1949","Black, Hugo LaFayette, 1886-1971","Coughlin, Charles E.","Edmiston, Andrew.","Farley, James A. (James Aloysius), 1888-1976","Green, William.","Holt, Helen Louise Froelich, 1913-2015","Holt, Mathew S., 1850-1939","Hopkins, Harry L. (Harry Lloyd), 1890-1946","Ickes, Harold L. (Harold LeClair), 1874-1952","Kump, Herman Guy, 1877-1962","La Follette, Robert M. (Robert Marion), 1855-1925","Neely, Matthew Mansfield, 1874-1958","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","Long, Huey Pierce, 1893-1935"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":938,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-17T13:58:35.347Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3687"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3053","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, Court Record Featuring Stonewall Jackson, 1841","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3053#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lewis County debt record featuring Thomas Jonathan \"Stonewall\" Jackson as Constable to collect money from Jonathan E. Bennett owed to J. Holt. Does not include original signature of Stonewall Jackson.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3053#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3053","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3053","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3053","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3053","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3053.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/197095","title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, Court Record Featuring Stonewall Jackson"],"title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, Court Record Featuring Stonewall Jackson"],"unitdate_ssm":["1841"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1841"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1841"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, Court Record Featuring Stonewall Jackson, 1841"],"text":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, Court Record Featuring Stonewall Jackson, 1841","A\u0026M 3943","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3053","Lewis County (W. Va.)","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Politicians -- United States","Politics and government.","Politicians","No special access restriction applies.","0873, 1858, 4218, 4039, 3943","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Lewis County debt record featuring Thomas Jonathan \"Stonewall\" Jackson as Constable to collect money from Jonathan E. Bennett owed to J. Holt. Does not include original signature of Stonewall Jackson.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, Court Record Featuring Stonewall Jackson, 1841"],"collection_ssim":["Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, Court Record Featuring Stonewall Jackson, 1841"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3943","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3053"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3943","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3053"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Lewis County (W. 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For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Politicians -- United States","Politics and government.","Politicians"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Politicians -- United States","Politics and government.","Politicians"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1 item (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1 item (1 folder)"],"date_range_isim":[1841],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, Court Record Featuring Stonewall Jackson, A\u0026amp;M 3943, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, Court Record Featuring Stonewall Jackson, A\u0026M 3943, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e0873, 1858, 4218, 4039, 3943\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["0873, 1858, 4218, 4039, 3943"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9251ea07bf8be04464def8eb3b2375ba\"\u003eLewis County debt record featuring Thomas Jonathan \"Stonewall\" Jackson as Constable to collect money from Jonathan E. Bennett owed to J. Holt. Does not include original signature of Stonewall Jackson.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Lewis County debt record featuring Thomas Jonathan \"Stonewall\" Jackson as Constable to collect money from Jonathan E. Bennett owed to J. Holt. Does not include original signature of Stonewall Jackson."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_03d297494af8dde3b2cb6502a257fa6b\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Politicians -- United States","Politics and government.","Politicians"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Politicians -- United States","Politics and government.","Politicians"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1 item (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1 item (1 folder)"],"date_range_isim":[1841],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, Court Record Featuring Stonewall Jackson, A\u0026amp;M 3943, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Rush Dew Holt (1905-1955) Papers, Court Record Featuring Stonewall Jackson, A\u0026M 3943, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e0873, 1858, 4218, 4039, 3943\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["0873, 1858, 4218, 4039, 3943"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9251ea07bf8be04464def8eb3b2375ba\"\u003eLewis County debt record featuring Thomas Jonathan \"Stonewall\" Jackson as Constable to collect money from Jonathan E. Bennett owed to J. Holt. Does not include original signature of Stonewall Jackson.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Lewis County debt record featuring Thomas Jonathan \"Stonewall\" Jackson as Constable to collect money from Jonathan E. Bennett owed to J. Holt. Does not include original signature of Stonewall Jackson."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_03d297494af8dde3b2cb6502a257fa6b\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-17T13:58:30.859Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3053"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/177420","title_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"title_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960-2015","1985-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-2015"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1985-2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014"],"text":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014","A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party","United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States","The majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion.","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","Some digital materials are available on our online John D. Rockefeller database.","The papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records.","Senator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.","Jay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.","In 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.","Rockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.","In 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.","He ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.","Rockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.","Within months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.","Rockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.","The same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.","In 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.","At the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.","Rockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).","He held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.","Influenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.","He was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.","In recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.","Senator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.","Throughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.","In 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.","Following the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.","Senator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process.","Rockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.","He also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.","For the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.","In January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.","Sources:","Grimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia.","Jay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present.","\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\" 2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN.","\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.","\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","Processed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs","The Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.","The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.","The first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files.","The second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup.","The third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings.","The fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.","The fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files.","The sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan.","Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.","John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014"],"collection_ssim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"creator_ssm":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creator_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children"],"creators_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV, 2014-2015"],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2011 Linear Feet record cartons","2 Terabytes"],"extent_tesim":["2011 Linear Feet record cartons","2 Terabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome digital materials are available on our \u003ca href=\"https://rockefeller.lib.wvu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eonline John D. Rockefeller database.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion.","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","Some digital materials are available on our online John D. Rockefeller database."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSenator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWithin months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInfluenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSenator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSenator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrimes, Richard S. \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/110\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eJay Rockefeller.\u003c/a\u003e\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/video/jay-rockefellers-journey-jay-rockefellers-journey/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eJay: A Rockefeller's Journey.\u003c/a\u003e Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000361\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\"\u003c/a\u003e Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.c-span.org/video/?310340-1/senator-jay-rockefeller-retirement-announcement\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\"\u003c/a\u003e 2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/113/crec/2014/12/04/160/147/CREC-2014-12-04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\"\u003c/a\u003e 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Senator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.","Jay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.","In 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.","Rockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.","In 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.","He ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.","Rockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.","Within months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.","Rockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.","The same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.","In 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.","At the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.","Rockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).","He held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.","Influenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.","He was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.","In recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.","Senator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.","Throughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.","In 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.","Following the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.","Senator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process.","Rockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.","He also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.","For the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.","In January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.","Sources:","Grimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia.","Jay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present.","\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\" 2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN.","\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.","\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs","The Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.","The first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files.","The second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup.","The third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings.","The fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.","The fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files.","The sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5d14eb4df51da22c7256b340d3bf4196\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eJohn Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ee7b69b7d85f8fa23b62c37a980adc85\" label=\"Physical Location \"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"persname_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7179,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-18T18:01:43.461Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/177420","title_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"title_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1960-2015","1985-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-2015"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1985-2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014"],"text":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014","A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party","United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States","The majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion.","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","Some digital materials are available on our online John D. Rockefeller database.","The papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records.","Senator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.","Jay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.","In 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.","Rockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.","In 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.","He ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.","Rockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.","Within months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.","Rockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.","The same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.","In 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.","At the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.","Rockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).","He held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.","Influenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.","He was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.","In recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.","Senator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.","Throughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.","In 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.","Following the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.","Senator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process.","Rockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.","He also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.","For the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.","In January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.","Sources:","Grimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia.","Jay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present.","\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\" 2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN.","\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.","\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","Processed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs","The Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.","The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.","The first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files.","The second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup.","The third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings.","The fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.","The fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files.","The sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan.","Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center.","John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014"],"collection_ssim":["Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, 1960/2015, bulk 1985/2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4050","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","West Virginia -- Politics and government","National security","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"creator_ssm":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creator_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children"],"creators_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children"],"access_terms_ssm":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV, 2014-2015"],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Congress -- History -- 20th century","United States. Congress -- Archives","Steel industry and trade","Wireless communication systems -- Law and legislation","Child welfare","Coal miners--West Virginia","Veterans--United States","Health care reform -- United States","Coal mines and mining -- Law and legislation -- United States","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2011 Linear Feet record cartons","2 Terabytes"],"extent_tesim":["2011 Linear Feet record cartons","2 Terabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome digital materials are available on our \u003ca href=\"https://rockefeller.lib.wvu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eonline John D. Rockefeller database.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are closed until 2035. Permission to access materials prior to 2035 may be given at the donor's discretion.","Materials previously made publicly available, such as speeches, press releases, photographs, press interviews, clippings, and publications are open for research.","The collection is stored off-site. Researchers should contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center prior to visiting to ensure materials are available.","Some digital materials are available on our online John D. Rockefeller database."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged into six subgroups, and each subgroup is further arranged into series. Digital materials received on external hard drives, USB flash drives, floppy disks, CDs, and DVDs are arranged in the appropriate series and reflect the arrangement of the paper records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSenator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWithin months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInfluenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSenator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSenator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrimes, Richard S. \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/110\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eJay Rockefeller.\u003c/a\u003e\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/video/jay-rockefellers-journey-jay-rockefellers-journey/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eJay: A Rockefeller's Journey.\u003c/a\u003e Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000361\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\"\u003c/a\u003e Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.c-span.org/video/?310340-1/senator-jay-rockefeller-retirement-announcement\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\"\u003c/a\u003e 2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/113/crec/2014/12/04/160/147/CREC-2014-12-04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\"\u003c/a\u003e 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Senator John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV served the people and state of West Virginia for more than 50 years. Rockefeller came to West Virginia in 1964 as a VISTA volunteer in the small community of Emmons, an experience that shaped his extensive career in public service. He served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); President of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). In 1984 he was elected to the United States Senate and was reelected four times, in 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, before retiring in 2015.","Jay Rockefeller was born in New York, New York, on June 18, 1937, to philanthropists John Davison Rockefeller III and Blanchette Ferry Hooker. He is the great-grandson of John D. Rockefeller, founder of the Standard Oil Company, and nephew of businessman and politician Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. Jay Rockefeller graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, in 1955, and graduated from Harvard University in 1961 with a B.A. in Far Eastern Languages and History. In his junior year at Harvard, he attended the International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, and he spent three years studying Japanese.","In 1964, Rockefeller joined the newly formed national service program Volunteers In Service to America (VISTA) aimed at fighting poverty. He served in Emmons, WV, a small mining community located in Boone and Kanawha Counties, for two years. His efforts in Emmons included starting a Little League baseball team, extending school bus service to the rural area, and providing transportation to dental clinics. He built a community center and obtained access to mobile health screenings for women.","Rockefeller entered politics in 1966 as a Kanawha County candidate for the West Virginia House of Delegates. He changed his party affiliation to Democrat, breaking with the family's traditional affiliation with the Republican Party.","In 1967, Rockefeller married Sharon Lee Percy, daughter of U.S. Senator Charles Percy of Illinois. Their Chicago wedding was featured on the cover of Life magazine. They had four children: John Davison (Jamie) V, Valerie, Charles, and Justin Aldrich.","He ran for West Virginia Secretary of State in 1968, winning the election against Republican John Callebs. As Secretary of State, Rockefeller pushed for election law reform and broke up several county Democratic political machines. He was successful in making elections more transparent and in reducing instances of election fraud by removing the names of deceased people from the state's official list of registered voters.","Rockefeller announced his candidacy for governor of West Virginia in 1972 against incumbent Republican Governor Arch Moore. Moore won reelection by 72,000 votes.","Within months of his defeat, Rockefeller was named president of West Virginia Wesleyan College, located in Buckhannon, WV. Some of his biggest accomplishments include increasing enrollment, creating an active recruitment campaign, and streamlining operations. He submitted a letter of resignation to the College in 1975 to prepare for the next gubernatorial election, for which he campaigned throughout 1976.","Rockefeller's second run for governor was successful: he beat Republican candidate Cecil Underwood by more than 242,000 votes, the largest majority in state history. Natural disaster, strikes, and a worsening economy posed serious challenges during his years as governor. In the spring of 1977, major spring floods in the southern West Virginia counties of McDowell, Wayne, Logan, and Ming wiped entire towns away, and made safe housing above flood plains a focus of Rockefeller's administration.","The same year saw the beginning of the 111-day national Bituminous Coal Strike of 1977-1978 led by the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the AFL-CIO. Rockefeller refused to call upon the National Guard to suppress the miners' strike. At its conclusion, President Jimmy Carter appointed Rockefeller to lead the first major federal study of coal mining in America in three decades. Rockefeller served as chair of the President's Commission on Coal and pushed for a national energy strategy that included Appalachian coal. He also created the West Virginia Board of Coal Mine Health and Safety, reorganized state agencies, and set up senior centers statewide.","In 1980, Rockefeller ran for a second term as governor, again facing Republican Arch Moore, and won by 64,000 votes. Rockefeller faced another challenging four years and worked to maintain the state's economy as the federal government cut funding in the midst of an economic downturn, industries struggled to remain open, and unemployment rates across the state rose.","At the end of his governorship, Rockefeller ran for the United States Senate as a Democrat against businessman John Raese of Morgantown, WV. Rockefeller won the 1984 election by four percentage points and went on to fill the seat left vacant after long-time Senator Jennings Randolph retired.","Rockefeller began his service in the U.S. Senate on January 15, 1985, and served until 2015. He became a leading champion for health care reform, an advocate for improving the lives of children and working families, and a supporter of the nation's soldiers, veterans, and senior citizens. He served as chair of the Committee on Veterans Affairs (1993-1994, 2001-2003); the Select Committee on Intelligence (2007-2009); the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2009-2015); and the Committee on Finance Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (1989-1994, 2001-2003, 2007-2014). He also served as vice-chair of the Select Committee on Intelligence (2003-2006).","He held additional leadership positions as chairman on the Pepper Commission (1987-1990), the U.S. Senate Steel Caucus (1989-1994, 2013-2015, co-chair 1995-2013), the National Commission on Children (1989-1993), and the Democratic Technology and Communications Committee (1995-2003). He was also a member of several Senate groups, including the Steering Committee on Democratic Policy, the Alternative Fuels Council, and the Coal Caucus.","Influenced by his two years in Emmons, WV, Rockefeller championed health care issues, and health care reform throughout his Senate career. He supported measures to improve and modernize Medicare, expand access to health care, and increase health coverage for children, authoring the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). He introduced and co-sponsored more than 2,000 pieces of major health-related legislation and provided leadership and policy on health care reform for both the Clinton and Obama administrations. During the latter, he contributed to the successful passage of the Affordable Care Act and was a proponent of providing people with a not-for-profit insurance company backed by the government, commonly known as a public option.","He was appointed to the Senate Finance Committee and its Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-term Care (later known as the Subcommittee on Health Care) in 1987 and served as chairman of the Subcommittee and ranking member until his retirement. In 1987, he also was elected chair of the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care, also known as the Pepper Commission, when the commission's original leader, Representative Claude Pepper (D-FL), passed away. The Commission was charged with developing legislation that would provide Americans with comprehensive health and long-term care coverage.","In recognition of his contributions to improving the wellbeing of children and families and supporting education, in 1988, President Ronald Reagan appointed Rockefeller chair of the National Commission on Children. Recommendations made by the Commission centered on the creation of a Child Tax Credit, expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit, and improvement to the federal approach to child welfare. As a member of the Finance Committee, he worked on the tax code to provide better financial support to the middle class and working poor. He sought to toughen child support enforcement laws, improve federal adoption and foster care services, and ensure a safe environment for children in the child welfare system with educational programs aimed at substance abuse prevention and treatment. He also worked for renewed investment in schools, school construction, and teachers, particularly those located in rural and impoverished areas.","Senator Rockefeller was an advocate for veterans' issues, serving on the Veterans' Affairs Committee for the entirety of his Senate career and acting as both chair and ranking minority member. He especially focused on expanding research and treatment for service-related illnesses, such as Gulf War Illness, Agent Orange, and issues relating to Atomic Veterans. He brought attention to treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the reform of the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.","Throughout his time in the Senate, Rockefeller was deeply involved with issues related to energy, the environment, coal miners, and mine safety. The first bill Rockefeller introduced in the Senate in 1985 was legislation intended to reduce the backlog of pending black lung cases, and he consistently worked to preserve the Black Lung Trust Fund while protecting coal jobs.","In 1992, he introduced the Coal Act to ensure retired miners received health benefits, and he threatened to keep the Senate in session over Christmas if they refused to pass the bill, which he described as a peak moment in his career. The Coal Act was passed as part of the Energy Policy Act of 1992, creating two new health care funds to protect the health benefits of all union coal miners, along with their widows and dependents. In 1995, the UMWA named him an honorary member, a distinction rarely bestowed on an elected official, because of his efforts on behalf of miners.","Following the January 2006 West Virginia Sago and Aracoma mine disasters, which together led to the deaths of 14 men, Rockefeller brought several senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee to meet with families of the Sago mine workers. Rockefeller then joined Committee Chair Senator Mike Enzi (R-WY) and Ranking Member Senator Ted Kennedy (D-MA) in drafting the MINER Act, which was signed into law in June 2006, establishing important new mine safety regulations.","Senator Rockefeller served on the Senate Select Intelligence Committee, 2001-2014, during critical and difficult years for the SSCI and the intelligence community. In January 2001, then-Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D-SD) appointed Rockefeller to the Committee. Eight months later the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred. In the months following the attacks, the United States launched operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and in March 2003, invaded Iraq. These events changed the nature and conduct of intelligence oversight. During Rockefeller's tenure on the committee, and particularly during his time as vice chairman and chairman, he made significant contributions in key areas, including the 9/11 investigation; the Iraq War and flawed intelligence on weapons of mass destruction; intelligence community reform; surveillance oversight and reform; the CIA's detention and interrogation program; cybersecurity; and the intelligence authorization process.","Rockefeller also made significant contributions to communications policy. He co-authored the Universal Service Program for Schools and Libraries, known as E-Rate, which was authorized as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, making telecommunications and information services more affordable for schools and libraries. In 2010, Rockefeller introduced the Public Safety Spectrum Act, which created FirstNet, a nationwide wireless broadband network for the nation's first responders. It was signed into law as part of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012. He also supported net neutrality protections to keep the Internet open and free, and in 2011, he successfully led the Senate Floor against a resolution of disapproval of net neutrality rules.","He also championed the steel industry in West Virginia and the nation, earning him the nickname \"Senator Steel.\" Much of his work, launched largely through his position as co-chair of the Senate Steel Caucus, focused on providing income support and job training to laid-off employees and their families through Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), working with individual steel companies to mitigate the effects of closure and downsizing, and intervening in steel employee strikes. As a member of both the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and the Committee on Finance, Rockefeller also addressed concerns about American manufacturing; trade protections and relief for workers negatively impacted by trade; and tax credits supporting research and development and encouraging businesses to build and expand.","For the state of West Virginia, Senator Rockefeller made jobs and economic development a priority. In 1988 he founded the Discover the Real West Virginia Program (DRWV), later formalized as the Discover the Real West Virginia Foundation, which showcased business and investment opportunities in West Virginia. He launched the \"Project Harvest\" trade mission in 1995 to bring state and international business leaders and investors together. Rockefeller's early experiences in Japan and knowledge of the language and culture aided in attracting the Toyota company to the state, resulting in the opening of the Buffalo, WV, plant in 1996. In the ensuing years, more than 20 other Japanese companies followed. Further, he encouraged the growth of the West Virginia tourism and travel industry through legislation that conserved lands, designated scenic areas, and promoted better transportation infrastructure.","In January 2013, Senator Rockefeller announced that he would not seek reelection. In his retirement announcement, he reflected that \"public service demands, and deserves nothing less than every single thing that you have to bring to bear, and that is what I have given.\" As he prepared to leave the Congress in December 2014, his Senate colleagues offered tributes on the Senate Floor recognizing his impressive legislative record, distinguished career, and legacy of compassionate and conscientious service.","Sources:","Grimes, Richard S. \"Jay Rockefeller.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia.","Jay: A Rockefeller's Journey. Produced by Suzanne Higgins and Russ Barbour. 2015. Online video. West Virginia Public Broadcasting.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Energy and Environment Issues (Legacy on Energy, Environment and Coal Miners),\" 2014 May 30, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Review of Senator John D. Rockefeller's Service on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: 2001-2015,\" 2014 December 17, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Rockefeller, John Davison IV (Jay), (1937 - ).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present.","\"Senator Jay Rockefeller Retirement Announcement.\" 2013 January 11, 2013. Online video clip. C-SPAN.","\"Senator Rockefeller's Health Care Accomplishments: 99th-113th Congress Memorandum,\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Tributes to John D. Rockefeller.\" 2014 December 4. Congressional Record 160:147 p. S6343. Congress.gov.","\"Veterans' Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 April 11, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\n \n\"West Virginia Wesleyan College Legacy Memorandum,\" 2014 October, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"A Record of Achievement for West Virginia: Diversifying West Virginia's Economy for the 21st Century (Your Legacy Memo on Jobs and Economic Growth in West Virginia),\" 2014, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on FirstNet – Public Safety Spectrum Act,\" 2014 October 24, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.","\"Your Legacy on Net Neutrality,\" 2014 October 3, A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA\u0026amp;M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["A\u0026M 4050, Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Danielle Emerling, 2015-\nProcessing assistants: Ashley Brooker, Dzondria Tarver, Leo Gmeindl, Casey DeHaven, Joshua Childs","The Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers are in process. The contents of this finding aid will be revised as progress is made on the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.  The records were maintained by Senator Rockefeller's Washington, DC, office and West Virginia state offices in Charleston, Beckley, Fairmont, and Martinsburg. Record formats include papers, audiovisual materials, born-digital resources, photographs, and memorabilia. The collection consists of approximately 2011 linear feet of paper records and two terabytes of electronic records.","The first subgroup, Constituent Services, reflects the work Senator Rockefeller and his staff performed for the state and people of West Virginia. It consists of constituent casework, issue mail, grant and project files, and academy files.","The second subgroup, Legislative files, is composed of materials related to legislative and committee work. Legislative staff files; subject files; correspondence; committee files; and legislative activities, voting records, and accomplishments comprise this subgroup.","The third subgroup, Press files, illustrates Senator Rockefeller's interactions with the media and outreach to the state of West Virginia and his constituents. It contains press staff files, speeches and statements, press releases, photographs, audiovisual materials, clippings, publications, and newsletters and mailings.","The fourth subgroup, Personal and Political files, consists of Legacy Memos, schedules, personal files and correspondence, campaign files, and trip files.","The fifth subgroup, Office files, contains a small number of office management files.","The sixth subgroup, Memorabilia, consists of a large collection of framed items, plaques, and objects, many of which Senator Rockefeller received as gifts during his service. It contains a large number of foreign gifts, particularly from Japan and Taiwan."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials may contain sensitive or private information. Researchers may use data collected from these materials in the statistical aggregate or as an example to illustrate a theme. No identifying information should point to specific individuals or families mentioned in the files.","Materials produced by public servants while carrying out official duties are not copyrighted. Materials created outside of official duties, including diaries, personal correspondence, and campaign materials, are protected by copyright. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5d14eb4df51da22c7256b340d3bf4196\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eJohn Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["John Davison (Jay) Rockefeller IV (b. 1937) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate for five terms. He was elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-ninth Congress and served from January 15, 1985, to January 3, 2015. He was not a candidate for reelection in 2014. Rockefeller previously served in the West Virginia House of Delegates (1966-1968); as Secretary of State of West Virginia (1968-1972); president of West Virginia Wesleyan College (1973-1976); and Governor of West Virginia (1977-1985). From 1964-1966, he was a volunteer in the Volunteers In Service To America (VISTA) program in Emmons, West Virginia. The bulk of the Senator John D. (Jay) Rockefeller IV papers document his 30-year career in the United States Senate with additional materials related to his earlier political career."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ee7b69b7d85f8fa23b62c37a980adc85\" label=\"Physical Location \"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-"],"persname_ssim":["Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce","United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Intelligence","United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs","United States. Congress. Pepper Commission","United States. National Commission on Children","Rockefeller, John D., IV (John Davison), 1937-","Rockefeller, Sharon Percy, 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7179,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-18T18:01:43.461Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Stephen B. Elkins Papers, 1841/1955","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Stephen Benton Elkins (b. 1841) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate as a Republican from 1895-1911. Prior to his Senate service, Elkins served in the Union Army during the Civil War as a captain in the Kansas Militia. He practiced law in the Territory of New Mexico in 1864 and served as a member of the Territorial House of Representatives, 1864-1865. He was the district attorney for the Territory from 1866-1867, and the United States district attorney for the Territory from 1867-1870. Around 1890, he founded and moved to the city of Elkins, WV. President Benjamin Harrison appointed him Secretary of War, 1891-1893. He died during his third Senate term in 1911 in Washington, DC. The Stephen B. Elkins collection includes speeches, maps, reports, photographs and other materials related to his political, business, and family affairs.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/212429","title_ssm":["Stephen B. Elkins Papers"],"title_tesim":["Stephen B. Elkins Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1841-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1841-1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1841/1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Stephen B. Elkins Papers, 1841/1955"],"text":["Stephen B. Elkins Papers, 1841/1955","A\u0026M 0053","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5","United States -- Politics and government","West Virginia -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)","West Virginia - politics.","United States Congressmen - West Virginia.","Civil War - veterans - Union.","Politicians -- United States","Politicians","No special access restriction applies.","Stephen Benton Elkins represented West Virginia in the U.S. Senate from 1895 to 1911.  He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, practiced law in the Territory of New Mexico in 1864, and was a member of the Territorial House of Representatives from 1864 to 1865.  From 1866 to 1870, Elkins was first the district attorney, then attorney general, and then U.S. district attorney for the Territory.  Around 1890, he moved to the town that he founded, Elkins, WV.  President Benjamin Harrison appointed him Secretary of War from 1891 to 1893.  Elkins died in Washington, D.C., during his third term in the U.S. Senate.","Born in Perry County, Ohio, in 1841, Elkins attended public schools in Westport, Missouri, and graduated in 1860 from the University of Missouri-Columbia, where he studied law.  He then became a school teacher in Harrisonville, Missouri.  Among his pupils there was Cole Younger—future Confederate guerrilla and outlaw in the James-Younger Gang.  According to accounts provided by both men, Younger later rescued Elkins from execution by Confederate guerrillas during the Civil War.  More than 30 years later, Elkins was instrumental in securing parole for Younger, who received a life sentence when convicted of bank robbery.","After enlisting in the Union Army, Elkins served as a captain in the Kansas Militia until 1863.  In 1864, he began to practice law in Mesilla, New Mexico, after being admitted to the bar in the Territory of New Mexico.  He then served in the Territorial House of Representatives from 1864 to 1865.  Elkins also was the district attorney (1866–1867), attorney general (1867), and then U.S. district attorney (1867–1870) for the Territory.  In 1872, Elkins was elected to Congress as a Republican representative for the Territory of New Mexico, and served in the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1873–March 3, 1877); he was not a candidate for re-nomination in 1876.","In 1866, Elkins married Sarah Simms Jacobs.  She died prior to Elkins' election to Congress, and was survived by two daughters, Elizabeth and Sallie.  In 1875, Elkins married Hallie Davis, daughter of Senator Henry Gassaway Davis of West Virginia.  Elkins partnered with Davis in developing natural resources industries in West Virginia, and in 1878, Elkins became a West Virginia citizen.  Around 1890, Elkins and his family moved to the town that he founded, Elkins, WV.  Together with Davis, Elkins formed the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway, which had main lines emanating from Elkins, WV, and he was associated with the Davis Coal and Coke Company, one of the largest coal companies in existence.","After being elected executive chairman of the National Republican Committee in 1884, Elkins gave his first political speech in West Virginia on February 29, 1888, in Wheeling.  President Benjamin Harrison appointed Elkins Secretary of War, and he served from December 17, 1891 to March 5, 1893.  Elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate, Elkins served from March 4, 1895, until his death on January 4, 1911.  He was chairman of the Committee on the Geological Survey (Fifty-sixth and Fifty-ninth Congresses) and member of the Committee on Interstate Commerce (Fifty-seventh through Sixty-first Congresses).  Elkins was interred in Maplewood Cemetery, Elkins, WV.","Sources:","Clarke, Alan R. The West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway: a Western Maryland Predecessor. Lynchburg: TLC Publishing, 2003.","\"Elkins, Stephen Benton, (1841 - 1911).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present.","Lambert, Oscar Doane. Stephen Benton Elkins: American Foursquare. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1955.","Spears, Jae. \"Stephen B. Elkins.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia.","Reprocessed by Danielle Emerling and Leo Gmeindl, 2016, and Erica Uszak, 2023","The Stephen B. Elkins papers consists of correspondence; scrapbooks and newspaper clippings; financial, legal, and land records; speeches; photographs, maps; personal papers; and research files related to Elkins' political and business careers. Some materials also relate to the development of the New Mexico Territory and its admission as a state.","The Correspondence series contains letters with political and business associates. Correspondents include several presidents, such as Abraham Lincoln, U.S. Grant, James A. Garfield, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, and William Howard Taft. Governors and other prominent correspondents include Andrew Carnegie, J.G. Blaine, J.N. Camden, H.G. Davis, M. Hanna, W.S. Herndon, C.C. Catron, R.C. Kerens, J.P. Morgan, and Chauncey Depew. Some selected correspondence is available on microfilm.","The Scrapbooks and Newspaper Clippings series consists of 26 volumes of scrapbooks and loose newspaper stories related to Elkins' political and business careers, personal life, and West Virginia politics and campaigns.","The Financial, Legal, and Land Records series contains papers mainly concerning railroads, mining (coal and silver) and lumbering in West Virginia, New Mexico, Texas, and California.","The Speeches series includes printed speeches made by Elkins throughout his life, and several speeches date to his time in the U.S. Senate.","The Photographs series consists of several images of Elkins, West Virginia, and Halliehurst Mansion. Photographs are available online at West Virginia History OnView","The Maps series includes plans for railroads in the eastern United States and property and mine plans in New Mexico.","The Personal Papers series contains some genealogical materials about the Elkins family.","The Senate Papers series contains bills, Congressional Records, and reports.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Stephen Benton Elkins (b. 1841) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate as a Republican from 1895-1911. Prior to his Senate service, Elkins served in the Union Army during the Civil War as a captain in the Kansas Militia. He practiced law in the Territory of New Mexico in 1864 and served as a member of the Territorial House of Representatives, 1864-1865. He was the district attorney for the Territory from 1866-1867, and the United States district attorney for the Territory from 1867-1870. Around 1890, he founded and moved to the city of Elkins, WV. President Benjamin Harrison appointed him Secretary of War, 1891-1893. He died during his third Senate term in 1911 in Washington, DC. The Stephen B. Elkins collection includes speeches, maps, reports, photographs and other materials related to his political, business, and family affairs.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Materials are mostly in English. Some materials are in Spanish."],"collection_title_tesim":["Stephen B. Elkins Papers, 1841/1955"],"collection_ssim":["Stephen B. Elkins Papers, 1841/1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0053","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0053","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","West Virginia -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","West Virginia -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","West Virginia -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"creator_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )"],"creators_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["A\u0026M 53 - Gift of Davis Elkins, 1937. Eleven boxes (approximately 1,220 items) including correspondence, maps, speeches, newspaper clippings, congressional records, and scrapbooks dating from 1874-1912.","A\u0026M 53 - Purchase of Maury Bromsen Associates, 1977. Letter by Stephen B. Elkins to Col. William Lilley, 1868 April 3 (1 item, Box 1, Folder 1)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["West Virginia - politics.","United States Congressmen - West Virginia.","Civil War - veterans - Union.","Politicians -- United States","Politicians"],"access_subjects_ssm":["West Virginia - politics.","United States Congressmen - West Virginia.","Civil War - veterans - Union.","Politicians -- United States","Politicians"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.52 Linear Feet 9 ft. 6 1/4 in. (15 document cases, 5 in.); (8 large flat box cases, 3.5 in.); (2 small flat storage boxes, 3.5 in); (1 large flat storage box, 1.5 in); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in,); (1 reel of microfilm and 1 partial reel of microfilm shared with A\u0026M 0591, 1.75 in. each)\n\nThis collection shares a microfilm reel with another collection, A\u0026M 0591. The extent of that reel is record in this collection, not A\u0026M 0591."],"extent_tesim":["9.52 Linear Feet 9 ft. 6 1/4 in. (15 document cases, 5 in.); (8 large flat box cases, 3.5 in.); (2 small flat storage boxes, 3.5 in); (1 large flat storage box, 1.5 in); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in,); (1 reel of microfilm and 1 partial reel of microfilm shared with A\u0026M 0591, 1.75 in. each)\n\nThis collection shares a microfilm reel with another collection, A\u0026M 0591. The extent of that reel is record in this collection, not A\u0026M 0591."],"date_range_isim":[1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStephen Benton Elkins represented West Virginia in the U.S. Senate from 1895 to 1911.  He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, practiced law in the Territory of New Mexico in 1864, and was a member of the Territorial House of Representatives from 1864 to 1865.  From 1866 to 1870, Elkins was first the district attorney, then attorney general, and then U.S. district attorney for the Territory.  Around 1890, he moved to the town that he founded, Elkins, WV.  President Benjamin Harrison appointed him Secretary of War from 1891 to 1893.  Elkins died in Washington, D.C., during his third term in the U.S. Senate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn in Perry County, Ohio, in 1841, Elkins attended public schools in Westport, Missouri, and graduated in 1860 from the University of Missouri-Columbia, where he studied law.  He then became a school teacher in Harrisonville, Missouri.  Among his pupils there was Cole Younger—future Confederate guerrilla and outlaw in the James-Younger Gang.  According to accounts provided by both men, Younger later rescued Elkins from execution by Confederate guerrillas during the Civil War.  More than 30 years later, Elkins was instrumental in securing parole for Younger, who received a life sentence when convicted of bank robbery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter enlisting in the Union Army, Elkins served as a captain in the Kansas Militia until 1863.  In 1864, he began to practice law in Mesilla, New Mexico, after being admitted to the bar in the Territory of New Mexico.  He then served in the Territorial House of Representatives from 1864 to 1865.  Elkins also was the district attorney (1866–1867), attorney general (1867), and then U.S. district attorney (1867–1870) for the Territory.  In 1872, Elkins was elected to Congress as a Republican representative for the Territory of New Mexico, and served in the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1873–March 3, 1877); he was not a candidate for re-nomination in 1876.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1866, Elkins married Sarah Simms Jacobs.  She died prior to Elkins' election to Congress, and was survived by two daughters, Elizabeth and Sallie.  In 1875, Elkins married Hallie Davis, daughter of Senator Henry Gassaway Davis of West Virginia.  Elkins partnered with Davis in developing natural resources industries in West Virginia, and in 1878, Elkins became a West Virginia citizen.  Around 1890, Elkins and his family moved to the town that he founded, Elkins, WV.  Together with Davis, Elkins formed the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway, which had main lines emanating from Elkins, WV, and he was associated with the Davis Coal and Coke Company, one of the largest coal companies in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter being elected executive chairman of the National Republican Committee in 1884, Elkins gave his first political speech in West Virginia on February 29, 1888, in Wheeling.  President Benjamin Harrison appointed Elkins Secretary of War, and he served from December 17, 1891 to March 5, 1893.  Elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate, Elkins served from March 4, 1895, until his death on January 4, 1911.  He was chairman of the Committee on the Geological Survey (Fifty-sixth and Fifty-ninth Congresses) and member of the Committee on Interstate Commerce (Fifty-seventh through Sixty-first Congresses).  Elkins was interred in Maplewood Cemetery, Elkins, WV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClarke, Alan R. The West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway: a Western Maryland Predecessor. Lynchburg: TLC Publishing, 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"\u003ca href=\"http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=E000110\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eElkins, Stephen Benton, (1841 - 1911).\u003c/a\u003e\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLambert, Oscar Doane. Stephen Benton Elkins: American Foursquare. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1955. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpears, Jae. \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/2199\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eStephen B. Elkins.\u003c/a\u003e\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Stephen Benton Elkins represented West Virginia in the U.S. Senate from 1895 to 1911.  He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, practiced law in the Territory of New Mexico in 1864, and was a member of the Territorial House of Representatives from 1864 to 1865.  From 1866 to 1870, Elkins was first the district attorney, then attorney general, and then U.S. district attorney for the Territory.  Around 1890, he moved to the town that he founded, Elkins, WV.  President Benjamin Harrison appointed him Secretary of War from 1891 to 1893.  Elkins died in Washington, D.C., during his third term in the U.S. Senate.","Born in Perry County, Ohio, in 1841, Elkins attended public schools in Westport, Missouri, and graduated in 1860 from the University of Missouri-Columbia, where he studied law.  He then became a school teacher in Harrisonville, Missouri.  Among his pupils there was Cole Younger—future Confederate guerrilla and outlaw in the James-Younger Gang.  According to accounts provided by both men, Younger later rescued Elkins from execution by Confederate guerrillas during the Civil War.  More than 30 years later, Elkins was instrumental in securing parole for Younger, who received a life sentence when convicted of bank robbery.","After enlisting in the Union Army, Elkins served as a captain in the Kansas Militia until 1863.  In 1864, he began to practice law in Mesilla, New Mexico, after being admitted to the bar in the Territory of New Mexico.  He then served in the Territorial House of Representatives from 1864 to 1865.  Elkins also was the district attorney (1866–1867), attorney general (1867), and then U.S. district attorney (1867–1870) for the Territory.  In 1872, Elkins was elected to Congress as a Republican representative for the Territory of New Mexico, and served in the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1873–March 3, 1877); he was not a candidate for re-nomination in 1876.","In 1866, Elkins married Sarah Simms Jacobs.  She died prior to Elkins' election to Congress, and was survived by two daughters, Elizabeth and Sallie.  In 1875, Elkins married Hallie Davis, daughter of Senator Henry Gassaway Davis of West Virginia.  Elkins partnered with Davis in developing natural resources industries in West Virginia, and in 1878, Elkins became a West Virginia citizen.  Around 1890, Elkins and his family moved to the town that he founded, Elkins, WV.  Together with Davis, Elkins formed the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway, which had main lines emanating from Elkins, WV, and he was associated with the Davis Coal and Coke Company, one of the largest coal companies in existence.","After being elected executive chairman of the National Republican Committee in 1884, Elkins gave his first political speech in West Virginia on February 29, 1888, in Wheeling.  President Benjamin Harrison appointed Elkins Secretary of War, and he served from December 17, 1891 to March 5, 1893.  Elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate, Elkins served from March 4, 1895, until his death on January 4, 1911.  He was chairman of the Committee on the Geological Survey (Fifty-sixth and Fifty-ninth Congresses) and member of the Committee on Interstate Commerce (Fifty-seventh through Sixty-first Congresses).  Elkins was interred in Maplewood Cemetery, Elkins, WV.","Sources:","Clarke, Alan R. The West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway: a Western Maryland Predecessor. Lynchburg: TLC Publishing, 2003.","\"Elkins, Stephen Benton, (1841 - 1911).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present.","Lambert, Oscar Doane. Stephen Benton Elkins: American Foursquare. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1955.","Spears, Jae. \"Stephen B. Elkins.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Stephen B. Elkins Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0053, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Stephen B. Elkins Papers, A\u0026M 0053, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReprocessed by Danielle Emerling and Leo Gmeindl, 2016, and Erica Uszak, 2023\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Reprocessed by Danielle Emerling and Leo Gmeindl, 2016, and Erica Uszak, 2023"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Stephen B. Elkins papers consists of correspondence; scrapbooks and newspaper clippings; financial, legal, and land records; speeches; photographs, maps; personal papers; and research files related to Elkins' political and business careers. Some materials also relate to the development of the New Mexico Territory and its admission as a state. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Correspondence series contains letters with political and business associates. Correspondents include several presidents, such as Abraham Lincoln, U.S. Grant, James A. Garfield, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, and William Howard Taft. Governors and other prominent correspondents include Andrew Carnegie, J.G. Blaine, J.N. Camden, H.G. Davis, M. Hanna, W.S. Herndon, C.C. Catron, R.C. Kerens, J.P. Morgan, and Chauncey Depew. Some selected correspondence is available on microfilm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Scrapbooks and Newspaper Clippings series consists of 26 volumes of scrapbooks and loose newspaper stories related to Elkins' political and business careers, personal life, and West Virginia politics and campaigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Financial, Legal, and Land Records series contains papers mainly concerning railroads, mining (coal and silver) and lumbering in West Virginia, New Mexico, Texas, and California. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Speeches series includes printed speeches made by Elkins throughout his life, and several speeches date to his time in the U.S. Senate. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Photographs series consists of several images of Elkins, West Virginia, and Halliehurst Mansion. Photographs are available online at \u003ca href=\"https://wvhistoryonview.org/?utf8=%E2%9C%93\u0026amp;search_field=collection_number\u0026amp;q=%22A%26M+53%22\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia History OnView\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Maps series includes plans for railroads in the eastern United States and property and mine plans in New Mexico. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Personal Papers series contains some genealogical materials about the Elkins family.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Senate Papers series contains bills, Congressional Records, and reports. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Stephen B. Elkins papers consists of correspondence; scrapbooks and newspaper clippings; financial, legal, and land records; speeches; photographs, maps; personal papers; and research files related to Elkins' political and business careers. Some materials also relate to the development of the New Mexico Territory and its admission as a state.","The Correspondence series contains letters with political and business associates. Correspondents include several presidents, such as Abraham Lincoln, U.S. Grant, James A. Garfield, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, and William Howard Taft. Governors and other prominent correspondents include Andrew Carnegie, J.G. Blaine, J.N. Camden, H.G. Davis, M. Hanna, W.S. Herndon, C.C. Catron, R.C. Kerens, J.P. Morgan, and Chauncey Depew. Some selected correspondence is available on microfilm.","The Scrapbooks and Newspaper Clippings series consists of 26 volumes of scrapbooks and loose newspaper stories related to Elkins' political and business careers, personal life, and West Virginia politics and campaigns.","The Financial, Legal, and Land Records series contains papers mainly concerning railroads, mining (coal and silver) and lumbering in West Virginia, New Mexico, Texas, and California.","The Speeches series includes printed speeches made by Elkins throughout his life, and several speeches date to his time in the U.S. Senate.","The Photographs series consists of several images of Elkins, West Virginia, and Halliehurst Mansion. Photographs are available online at West Virginia History OnView","The Maps series includes plans for railroads in the eastern United States and property and mine plans in New Mexico.","The Personal Papers series contains some genealogical materials about the Elkins family.","The Senate Papers series contains bills, Congressional Records, and reports."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bf1c58490b879c32ab052dff8db58638\"\u003eStephen Benton Elkins (b. 1841) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate as a Republican from 1895-1911. Prior to his Senate service, Elkins served in the Union Army during the Civil War as a captain in the Kansas Militia. He practiced law in the Territory of New Mexico in 1864 and served as a member of the Territorial House of Representatives, 1864-1865. He was the district attorney for the Territory from 1866-1867, and the United States district attorney for the Territory from 1867-1870. Around 1890, he founded and moved to the city of Elkins, WV. President Benjamin Harrison appointed him Secretary of War, 1891-1893. He died during his third Senate term in 1911 in Washington, DC. The Stephen B. Elkins collection includes speeches, maps, reports, photographs and other materials related to his political, business, and family affairs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Stephen Benton Elkins (b. 1841) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate as a Republican from 1895-1911. Prior to his Senate service, Elkins served in the Union Army during the Civil War as a captain in the Kansas Militia. He practiced law in the Territory of New Mexico in 1864 and served as a member of the Territorial House of Representatives, 1864-1865. He was the district attorney for the Territory from 1866-1867, and the United States district attorney for the Territory from 1867-1870. Around 1890, he founded and moved to the city of Elkins, WV. President Benjamin Harrison appointed him Secretary of War, 1891-1893. He died during his third Senate term in 1911 in Washington, DC. The Stephen B. Elkins collection includes speeches, maps, reports, photographs and other materials related to his political, business, and family affairs."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f25c2e04db0ca7fc126b9f4b7f29236a\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )"],"names_coll_ssim":["Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916"],"persname_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916"],"language_ssim":["Materials are mostly in English. Some materials are in Spanish."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":175,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-17T13:58:35.347Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/212429","title_ssm":["Stephen B. Elkins Papers"],"title_tesim":["Stephen B. Elkins Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1841-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1841-1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1841/1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Stephen B. Elkins Papers, 1841/1955"],"text":["Stephen B. Elkins Papers, 1841/1955","A\u0026M 0053","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5","United States -- Politics and government","West Virginia -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)","West Virginia - politics.","United States Congressmen - West Virginia.","Civil War - veterans - Union.","Politicians -- United States","Politicians","No special access restriction applies.","Stephen Benton Elkins represented West Virginia in the U.S. Senate from 1895 to 1911.  He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, practiced law in the Territory of New Mexico in 1864, and was a member of the Territorial House of Representatives from 1864 to 1865.  From 1866 to 1870, Elkins was first the district attorney, then attorney general, and then U.S. district attorney for the Territory.  Around 1890, he moved to the town that he founded, Elkins, WV.  President Benjamin Harrison appointed him Secretary of War from 1891 to 1893.  Elkins died in Washington, D.C., during his third term in the U.S. Senate.","Born in Perry County, Ohio, in 1841, Elkins attended public schools in Westport, Missouri, and graduated in 1860 from the University of Missouri-Columbia, where he studied law.  He then became a school teacher in Harrisonville, Missouri.  Among his pupils there was Cole Younger—future Confederate guerrilla and outlaw in the James-Younger Gang.  According to accounts provided by both men, Younger later rescued Elkins from execution by Confederate guerrillas during the Civil War.  More than 30 years later, Elkins was instrumental in securing parole for Younger, who received a life sentence when convicted of bank robbery.","After enlisting in the Union Army, Elkins served as a captain in the Kansas Militia until 1863.  In 1864, he began to practice law in Mesilla, New Mexico, after being admitted to the bar in the Territory of New Mexico.  He then served in the Territorial House of Representatives from 1864 to 1865.  Elkins also was the district attorney (1866–1867), attorney general (1867), and then U.S. district attorney (1867–1870) for the Territory.  In 1872, Elkins was elected to Congress as a Republican representative for the Territory of New Mexico, and served in the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1873–March 3, 1877); he was not a candidate for re-nomination in 1876.","In 1866, Elkins married Sarah Simms Jacobs.  She died prior to Elkins' election to Congress, and was survived by two daughters, Elizabeth and Sallie.  In 1875, Elkins married Hallie Davis, daughter of Senator Henry Gassaway Davis of West Virginia.  Elkins partnered with Davis in developing natural resources industries in West Virginia, and in 1878, Elkins became a West Virginia citizen.  Around 1890, Elkins and his family moved to the town that he founded, Elkins, WV.  Together with Davis, Elkins formed the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway, which had main lines emanating from Elkins, WV, and he was associated with the Davis Coal and Coke Company, one of the largest coal companies in existence.","After being elected executive chairman of the National Republican Committee in 1884, Elkins gave his first political speech in West Virginia on February 29, 1888, in Wheeling.  President Benjamin Harrison appointed Elkins Secretary of War, and he served from December 17, 1891 to March 5, 1893.  Elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate, Elkins served from March 4, 1895, until his death on January 4, 1911.  He was chairman of the Committee on the Geological Survey (Fifty-sixth and Fifty-ninth Congresses) and member of the Committee on Interstate Commerce (Fifty-seventh through Sixty-first Congresses).  Elkins was interred in Maplewood Cemetery, Elkins, WV.","Sources:","Clarke, Alan R. The West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway: a Western Maryland Predecessor. Lynchburg: TLC Publishing, 2003.","\"Elkins, Stephen Benton, (1841 - 1911).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present.","Lambert, Oscar Doane. Stephen Benton Elkins: American Foursquare. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1955.","Spears, Jae. \"Stephen B. Elkins.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia.","Reprocessed by Danielle Emerling and Leo Gmeindl, 2016, and Erica Uszak, 2023","The Stephen B. Elkins papers consists of correspondence; scrapbooks and newspaper clippings; financial, legal, and land records; speeches; photographs, maps; personal papers; and research files related to Elkins' political and business careers. Some materials also relate to the development of the New Mexico Territory and its admission as a state.","The Correspondence series contains letters with political and business associates. Correspondents include several presidents, such as Abraham Lincoln, U.S. Grant, James A. Garfield, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, and William Howard Taft. Governors and other prominent correspondents include Andrew Carnegie, J.G. Blaine, J.N. Camden, H.G. Davis, M. Hanna, W.S. Herndon, C.C. Catron, R.C. Kerens, J.P. Morgan, and Chauncey Depew. Some selected correspondence is available on microfilm.","The Scrapbooks and Newspaper Clippings series consists of 26 volumes of scrapbooks and loose newspaper stories related to Elkins' political and business careers, personal life, and West Virginia politics and campaigns.","The Financial, Legal, and Land Records series contains papers mainly concerning railroads, mining (coal and silver) and lumbering in West Virginia, New Mexico, Texas, and California.","The Speeches series includes printed speeches made by Elkins throughout his life, and several speeches date to his time in the U.S. Senate.","The Photographs series consists of several images of Elkins, West Virginia, and Halliehurst Mansion. Photographs are available online at West Virginia History OnView","The Maps series includes plans for railroads in the eastern United States and property and mine plans in New Mexico.","The Personal Papers series contains some genealogical materials about the Elkins family.","The Senate Papers series contains bills, Congressional Records, and reports.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Stephen Benton Elkins (b. 1841) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate as a Republican from 1895-1911. Prior to his Senate service, Elkins served in the Union Army during the Civil War as a captain in the Kansas Militia. He practiced law in the Territory of New Mexico in 1864 and served as a member of the Territorial House of Representatives, 1864-1865. He was the district attorney for the Territory from 1866-1867, and the United States district attorney for the Territory from 1867-1870. Around 1890, he founded and moved to the city of Elkins, WV. President Benjamin Harrison appointed him Secretary of War, 1891-1893. He died during his third Senate term in 1911 in Washington, DC. The Stephen B. Elkins collection includes speeches, maps, reports, photographs and other materials related to his political, business, and family affairs.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Materials are mostly in English. Some materials are in Spanish."],"collection_title_tesim":["Stephen B. Elkins Papers, 1841/1955"],"collection_ssim":["Stephen B. Elkins Papers, 1841/1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0053","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0053","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","West Virginia -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","West Virginia -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","West Virginia -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"creator_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )"],"creators_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"acqinfo_ssim":["A\u0026M 53 - Gift of Davis Elkins, 1937. Eleven boxes (approximately 1,220 items) including correspondence, maps, speeches, newspaper clippings, congressional records, and scrapbooks dating from 1874-1912.","A\u0026M 53 - Purchase of Maury Bromsen Associates, 1977. Letter by Stephen B. Elkins to Col. William Lilley, 1868 April 3 (1 item, Box 1, Folder 1)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["West Virginia - politics.","United States Congressmen - West Virginia.","Civil War - veterans - Union.","Politicians -- United States","Politicians"],"access_subjects_ssm":["West Virginia - politics.","United States Congressmen - West Virginia.","Civil War - veterans - Union.","Politicians -- United States","Politicians"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9.52 Linear Feet 9 ft. 6 1/4 in. (15 document cases, 5 in.); (8 large flat box cases, 3.5 in.); (2 small flat storage boxes, 3.5 in); (1 large flat storage box, 1.5 in); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in,); (1 reel of microfilm and 1 partial reel of microfilm shared with A\u0026M 0591, 1.75 in. each)\n\nThis collection shares a microfilm reel with another collection, A\u0026M 0591. The extent of that reel is record in this collection, not A\u0026M 0591."],"extent_tesim":["9.52 Linear Feet 9 ft. 6 1/4 in. (15 document cases, 5 in.); (8 large flat box cases, 3.5 in.); (2 small flat storage boxes, 3.5 in); (1 large flat storage box, 1.5 in); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in,); (1 reel of microfilm and 1 partial reel of microfilm shared with A\u0026M 0591, 1.75 in. each)\n\nThis collection shares a microfilm reel with another collection, A\u0026M 0591. The extent of that reel is record in this collection, not A\u0026M 0591."],"date_range_isim":[1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStephen Benton Elkins represented West Virginia in the U.S. Senate from 1895 to 1911.  He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, practiced law in the Territory of New Mexico in 1864, and was a member of the Territorial House of Representatives from 1864 to 1865.  From 1866 to 1870, Elkins was first the district attorney, then attorney general, and then U.S. district attorney for the Territory.  Around 1890, he moved to the town that he founded, Elkins, WV.  President Benjamin Harrison appointed him Secretary of War from 1891 to 1893.  Elkins died in Washington, D.C., during his third term in the U.S. Senate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn in Perry County, Ohio, in 1841, Elkins attended public schools in Westport, Missouri, and graduated in 1860 from the University of Missouri-Columbia, where he studied law.  He then became a school teacher in Harrisonville, Missouri.  Among his pupils there was Cole Younger—future Confederate guerrilla and outlaw in the James-Younger Gang.  According to accounts provided by both men, Younger later rescued Elkins from execution by Confederate guerrillas during the Civil War.  More than 30 years later, Elkins was instrumental in securing parole for Younger, who received a life sentence when convicted of bank robbery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter enlisting in the Union Army, Elkins served as a captain in the Kansas Militia until 1863.  In 1864, he began to practice law in Mesilla, New Mexico, after being admitted to the bar in the Territory of New Mexico.  He then served in the Territorial House of Representatives from 1864 to 1865.  Elkins also was the district attorney (1866–1867), attorney general (1867), and then U.S. district attorney (1867–1870) for the Territory.  In 1872, Elkins was elected to Congress as a Republican representative for the Territory of New Mexico, and served in the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1873–March 3, 1877); he was not a candidate for re-nomination in 1876.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1866, Elkins married Sarah Simms Jacobs.  She died prior to Elkins' election to Congress, and was survived by two daughters, Elizabeth and Sallie.  In 1875, Elkins married Hallie Davis, daughter of Senator Henry Gassaway Davis of West Virginia.  Elkins partnered with Davis in developing natural resources industries in West Virginia, and in 1878, Elkins became a West Virginia citizen.  Around 1890, Elkins and his family moved to the town that he founded, Elkins, WV.  Together with Davis, Elkins formed the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway, which had main lines emanating from Elkins, WV, and he was associated with the Davis Coal and Coke Company, one of the largest coal companies in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter being elected executive chairman of the National Republican Committee in 1884, Elkins gave his first political speech in West Virginia on February 29, 1888, in Wheeling.  President Benjamin Harrison appointed Elkins Secretary of War, and he served from December 17, 1891 to March 5, 1893.  Elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate, Elkins served from March 4, 1895, until his death on January 4, 1911.  He was chairman of the Committee on the Geological Survey (Fifty-sixth and Fifty-ninth Congresses) and member of the Committee on Interstate Commerce (Fifty-seventh through Sixty-first Congresses).  Elkins was interred in Maplewood Cemetery, Elkins, WV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClarke, Alan R. The West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway: a Western Maryland Predecessor. Lynchburg: TLC Publishing, 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"\u003ca href=\"http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=E000110\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eElkins, Stephen Benton, (1841 - 1911).\u003c/a\u003e\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLambert, Oscar Doane. Stephen Benton Elkins: American Foursquare. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1955. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpears, Jae. \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/2199\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eStephen B. Elkins.\u003c/a\u003e\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Stephen Benton Elkins represented West Virginia in the U.S. Senate from 1895 to 1911.  He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, practiced law in the Territory of New Mexico in 1864, and was a member of the Territorial House of Representatives from 1864 to 1865.  From 1866 to 1870, Elkins was first the district attorney, then attorney general, and then U.S. district attorney for the Territory.  Around 1890, he moved to the town that he founded, Elkins, WV.  President Benjamin Harrison appointed him Secretary of War from 1891 to 1893.  Elkins died in Washington, D.C., during his third term in the U.S. Senate.","Born in Perry County, Ohio, in 1841, Elkins attended public schools in Westport, Missouri, and graduated in 1860 from the University of Missouri-Columbia, where he studied law.  He then became a school teacher in Harrisonville, Missouri.  Among his pupils there was Cole Younger—future Confederate guerrilla and outlaw in the James-Younger Gang.  According to accounts provided by both men, Younger later rescued Elkins from execution by Confederate guerrillas during the Civil War.  More than 30 years later, Elkins was instrumental in securing parole for Younger, who received a life sentence when convicted of bank robbery.","After enlisting in the Union Army, Elkins served as a captain in the Kansas Militia until 1863.  In 1864, he began to practice law in Mesilla, New Mexico, after being admitted to the bar in the Territory of New Mexico.  He then served in the Territorial House of Representatives from 1864 to 1865.  Elkins also was the district attorney (1866–1867), attorney general (1867), and then U.S. district attorney (1867–1870) for the Territory.  In 1872, Elkins was elected to Congress as a Republican representative for the Territory of New Mexico, and served in the Forty-third and Forty-fourth Congresses (March 4, 1873–March 3, 1877); he was not a candidate for re-nomination in 1876.","In 1866, Elkins married Sarah Simms Jacobs.  She died prior to Elkins' election to Congress, and was survived by two daughters, Elizabeth and Sallie.  In 1875, Elkins married Hallie Davis, daughter of Senator Henry Gassaway Davis of West Virginia.  Elkins partnered with Davis in developing natural resources industries in West Virginia, and in 1878, Elkins became a West Virginia citizen.  Around 1890, Elkins and his family moved to the town that he founded, Elkins, WV.  Together with Davis, Elkins formed the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway, which had main lines emanating from Elkins, WV, and he was associated with the Davis Coal and Coke Company, one of the largest coal companies in existence.","After being elected executive chairman of the National Republican Committee in 1884, Elkins gave his first political speech in West Virginia on February 29, 1888, in Wheeling.  President Benjamin Harrison appointed Elkins Secretary of War, and he served from December 17, 1891 to March 5, 1893.  Elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate, Elkins served from March 4, 1895, until his death on January 4, 1911.  He was chairman of the Committee on the Geological Survey (Fifty-sixth and Fifty-ninth Congresses) and member of the Committee on Interstate Commerce (Fifty-seventh through Sixty-first Congresses).  Elkins was interred in Maplewood Cemetery, Elkins, WV.","Sources:","Clarke, Alan R. The West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway: a Western Maryland Predecessor. Lynchburg: TLC Publishing, 2003.","\"Elkins, Stephen Benton, (1841 - 1911).\" Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present.","Lambert, Oscar Doane. Stephen Benton Elkins: American Foursquare. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1955.","Spears, Jae. \"Stephen B. Elkins.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Stephen B. Elkins Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0053, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Stephen B. Elkins Papers, A\u0026M 0053, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReprocessed by Danielle Emerling and Leo Gmeindl, 2016, and Erica Uszak, 2023\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Reprocessed by Danielle Emerling and Leo Gmeindl, 2016, and Erica Uszak, 2023"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Stephen B. Elkins papers consists of correspondence; scrapbooks and newspaper clippings; financial, legal, and land records; speeches; photographs, maps; personal papers; and research files related to Elkins' political and business careers. Some materials also relate to the development of the New Mexico Territory and its admission as a state. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Correspondence series contains letters with political and business associates. Correspondents include several presidents, such as Abraham Lincoln, U.S. Grant, James A. Garfield, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, and William Howard Taft. Governors and other prominent correspondents include Andrew Carnegie, J.G. Blaine, J.N. Camden, H.G. Davis, M. Hanna, W.S. Herndon, C.C. Catron, R.C. Kerens, J.P. Morgan, and Chauncey Depew. Some selected correspondence is available on microfilm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Scrapbooks and Newspaper Clippings series consists of 26 volumes of scrapbooks and loose newspaper stories related to Elkins' political and business careers, personal life, and West Virginia politics and campaigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Financial, Legal, and Land Records series contains papers mainly concerning railroads, mining (coal and silver) and lumbering in West Virginia, New Mexico, Texas, and California. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Speeches series includes printed speeches made by Elkins throughout his life, and several speeches date to his time in the U.S. Senate. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Photographs series consists of several images of Elkins, West Virginia, and Halliehurst Mansion. Photographs are available online at \u003ca href=\"https://wvhistoryonview.org/?utf8=%E2%9C%93\u0026amp;search_field=collection_number\u0026amp;q=%22A%26M+53%22\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia History OnView\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Maps series includes plans for railroads in the eastern United States and property and mine plans in New Mexico. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Personal Papers series contains some genealogical materials about the Elkins family.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Senate Papers series contains bills, Congressional Records, and reports. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Stephen B. Elkins papers consists of correspondence; scrapbooks and newspaper clippings; financial, legal, and land records; speeches; photographs, maps; personal papers; and research files related to Elkins' political and business careers. Some materials also relate to the development of the New Mexico Territory and its admission as a state.","The Correspondence series contains letters with political and business associates. Correspondents include several presidents, such as Abraham Lincoln, U.S. Grant, James A. Garfield, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, and William Howard Taft. Governors and other prominent correspondents include Andrew Carnegie, J.G. Blaine, J.N. Camden, H.G. Davis, M. Hanna, W.S. Herndon, C.C. Catron, R.C. Kerens, J.P. Morgan, and Chauncey Depew. Some selected correspondence is available on microfilm.","The Scrapbooks and Newspaper Clippings series consists of 26 volumes of scrapbooks and loose newspaper stories related to Elkins' political and business careers, personal life, and West Virginia politics and campaigns.","The Financial, Legal, and Land Records series contains papers mainly concerning railroads, mining (coal and silver) and lumbering in West Virginia, New Mexico, Texas, and California.","The Speeches series includes printed speeches made by Elkins throughout his life, and several speeches date to his time in the U.S. Senate.","The Photographs series consists of several images of Elkins, West Virginia, and Halliehurst Mansion. Photographs are available online at West Virginia History OnView","The Maps series includes plans for railroads in the eastern United States and property and mine plans in New Mexico.","The Personal Papers series contains some genealogical materials about the Elkins family.","The Senate Papers series contains bills, Congressional Records, and reports."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bf1c58490b879c32ab052dff8db58638\"\u003eStephen Benton Elkins (b. 1841) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate as a Republican from 1895-1911. Prior to his Senate service, Elkins served in the Union Army during the Civil War as a captain in the Kansas Militia. He practiced law in the Territory of New Mexico in 1864 and served as a member of the Territorial House of Representatives, 1864-1865. He was the district attorney for the Territory from 1866-1867, and the United States district attorney for the Territory from 1867-1870. Around 1890, he founded and moved to the city of Elkins, WV. President Benjamin Harrison appointed him Secretary of War, 1891-1893. He died during his third Senate term in 1911 in Washington, DC. The Stephen B. Elkins collection includes speeches, maps, reports, photographs and other materials related to his political, business, and family affairs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Stephen Benton Elkins (b. 1841) represented West Virginia in the United States Senate as a Republican from 1895-1911. Prior to his Senate service, Elkins served in the Union Army during the Civil War as a captain in the Kansas Militia. He practiced law in the Territory of New Mexico in 1864 and served as a member of the Territorial House of Representatives, 1864-1865. He was the district attorney for the Territory from 1866-1867, and the United States district attorney for the Territory from 1867-1870. Around 1890, he founded and moved to the city of Elkins, WV. President Benjamin Harrison appointed him Secretary of War, 1891-1893. He died during his third Senate term in 1911 in Washington, DC. The Stephen B. Elkins collection includes speeches, maps, reports, photographs and other materials related to his political, business, and family affairs."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f25c2e04db0ca7fc126b9f4b7f29236a\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )"],"names_coll_ssim":["Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916"],"persname_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916"],"language_ssim":["Materials are mostly in English. Some materials are in Spanish."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":175,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-17T13:58:35.347Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3220","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book, 1875/1878","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3220#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3220#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Letter copy book kept by Stephen Benton Elkins, a politician and businessman who would later become a prominent citizen of West Virginia. The book was kept from 23 October 1875 to 1 May 1878. It contains roughly 150 letters as well as a partial index of recipients. During the time this book was kept, Elkins resided in Santa Fe, New Mexico, practiced law, represented the territory in Congress, and acted as president of the Maxwell Land Grant Company. Letters concern political and business topics, including Elkins's involvement with the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group. Please see \"Scope and Content Note\" and \"Historical Note\" for further information.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3220#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3220","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3220","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3220","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3220","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3220.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/212427","title_ssm":["Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book"],"title_tesim":["Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1875-1878"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1875-1878"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1875/1878"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book, 1875/1878"],"text":["Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book, 1875/1878","A\u0026M 3979","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3220","New Mexico","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)","Politics and government.","United States Congressmen - West Virginia.","Politicians -- United States","Politicians","No special access restriction applies.","Stephen Benton Elkins (26 September 1841 - 4 January 1911) was born in Ohio then moved with his family to Missouri, where he spent the rest of his early life. During the Civil War, Elkins served in the Union Army, holding the rank of captain with the 77th Missouri Infantry. He left the army in 1863 and started practicing law.","Elkins moved out to the New Mexico in 1864, where he became active in local business and politics. He held a number of political offices, eventually being elected to represent the New Mexico Territory in Congress in 1872. He was also implicated as a member of the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group, during the same period.","In 1875 Elkins married Hallie Davis, daughter of West Virginia Senator Henry Gassaway Davis. Elkins moved to West Virginia in 1878, becoming a partner in the Davis family's business ventures. During this time, he remained active in national politics, including serving as Secretary of War under President Harrison. Elkins was elected Senator from West Virginia in 1895 and held that office until his death.","Letter copy book kept by Stephen Benton Elkins, a politician and businessman who would later become a prominent citizen of West Virginia. The book was kept from 23 October 1875 to 1 May 1878. It contains roughly 150 letters as well as a partial index of recipients. During the time this book was kept, Elkins resided in Santa Fe, New Mexico, practiced law, represented the territory in Congress, and acted as president of the Maxwell Land Grant Company. Letters concern political and business topics, including Elkins's involvement with the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group.","The following is a copy of an auction lot description offering the letter copy book for sale:","This is a remarkable letter copy book featuring over 200 letters from Stephen B Elkins, future Senator and Secretary of War, when he was out in Santa Fe, New Mexico starting in 1875. The letters are all handwritten by Elkins and these are his retained copies of those letters. They go from 1875 to 1878 and feature a lot of incredible content including letters to well known early settlers of New Mexico, a letter to President Grant and much more. The best part of the collection is related to what was known as the Santa Fe Ring, one of the largest land schemes in US history. There are many letters related to the Maxwell Land Grant Company and the evicting of squatters and his connection to work on land grants throughout New Mexico. There is a fantastic 8 page letter to the editor of the New York Daily Sun about accusations that he was involved in the murder of Rev [Reverend] Tolby, where he claims that they were murdered by 2 Mexican men who believed he had gold. Elkins spends all 8 pages defending himself and laying out the facts as he wanted them to be known. There are many letters related to T.B. Catron and there connection and so much more. It is really a fantastic piece of New Mexico history. The later letters still have New Mexico related content but are written while he is in Washington, DC. Some of the letters are faded and hard to read but it is otherwise in good condition. I will give you a small sample of what the letters say below:","I arrived here a few days since and write you immediately about Railway matters. I find that the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway co have extended their line to Los Animos and by Feb will complete it to Pueblo without question. The Kansas Pacific Co have built and complete their line twenty miles from Los Animas in the direction of? The Denver and Rio Grande have graded to the Cuchoras and will complete their line to Trinidad at once they raised the money in Philadelphia...","To the Board of Directors of the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Co, Gentlemen I herewith tender my resignation as President Director and Attorney of your company and beg you will accept the same...","In the New York Daily Sun of the 16th inst will be found a letter from Santa FE New Mexico under the caption of Territory of Elkins not having the papers before me I don't remember the name. I feel that I cannot allow the incrimination contained in this letter to go uncorrected because it connects me with a most horrible murder...","To convince anyone of the entire untruthfulness of this insinuation. I need only call to mind the fact you so well know that I attended the last session of congress and immediately after the adjournment I went to Europe and did not return to New Mexico until October making my absence from the Territory about one year, during this which against my wishes and in the face of my declination I was elected as Delegate, receiving as in the election preceding while mainly supported by Republicans... my support in both elections coming from the business men of the Territory...","It was in August while I was in Europe that the Rev [Reverend] Mr Tolby party named in the letter was murdered he came into the Territory after I had left to attend the last session of Congress and I never knew nor heard of the man until my return to New Mexico from abroad in October last. These facts no one will dispute. So far as I could learn while out there Tolby was a Methodist preacher residing at ? he was murdered by two Mexicans Cruz Bega and Manual Cardinas the last named being an old murderer and formerly convicted in Laos, it is supposed that the Mexicans took the preacher on his return from Elizabethton to be the mail and express carrier who generally brought gold from the mines to Camarron. It seems that Carinas was induced by some persons at Elizabethton to implicate Dr Longvill Mills and other parties' names in the letter by saying that they paid him money to do this deed but afterwards before and during the Justice of the peace he retracted and declared these parties had nothing to do with the murder...","Was asserted by their enemies who supposed Tolby's friends would kill them and as far my having any possible connection with the murder such a thing has never been heard of till it made its appearance in the sun... and my worst enemies and I have some never breathed an inclination of the kind and this correspondent has only done so through malice hoping he will never be found out. I can hardly believe the Editor of the Sun would knowingly injure me and in order to convince himself I would be glad if he would demand of his correspondent if he knew or believed I had anything to do with the affair referred to in any shape or manner...","In the Rofer matter I only received $1700 and should be charged only with the ? If I should receive any further money on the note I will advise you. I had not heard of the attempt to deprive you of the possession of the books... By this mail I send to the Board of Directors my resignation...","I have started to visit Dona Ana County and thank all of my friends for their kindness in the last election but when at last Los Lunos I was called back to Santa Fe on pressing business and partly to see about the telegraph line.","I forwarded my resignation as Pres [President] Director and attorney of the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Company... The Company owes me $16.214. I have ceased to take any further interest in its","I write you about the building of the Military telegraph line from Santa Fe to Fort Begard. It has become necessary for the people to render some assistance... Furnish the poles at $50 apiece provided he could get them within 38 miles of his place... by going to the T Reservation...","My dear sir you will remember me as being with Mr Collison in your city in connection with the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Co in May last. You were then acting as attorney in behalf of some of the shareholders of the company...","To the President [Grant] The appointment of Mr TB Catron as US Attorney for New Mexico will expire in early March. Having known Mr Catron from his early youth I can bear testimony takes your character and can state from actual knowledge that he is an able energetic and efficient prosecutor and a lawyer of undoubted ability indeed he stands at the head of the bar in New Mexico. He is an old resident of the Territory, acquainted with the people and speaks fluently the Spanish language... the success of a District Attorney in New Mexico in enforcing the laws...","I beg to advise you that a few days since in a written communication to the President favorably ? by Senators Windom, McMillan and Gov [Governor] Ramsey. I asked the reappointment of Judge Bastel as Justice Supreme Court, New Mexico...","Charges lately made against Judge Bristol by parties to Grant County New Mexico and from what I know and can learn they are entirely unfounded...","Dear Catron... I wrote you a few days since about the suit of ? and others in the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Company for apart in the Maxwell Estate. I regret you did not write me before consenting to bring this suit, because I don't think you should have sued the company after the close professional relations you have sustained in it particularly without giving them notice...","I beg to trouble you about the indebtedness of the Maxwell Company to me for professional services. The company owes me now about $18000. Probably it will be well in submitting this mater for your consideration to place before you some pertinent facts. As long as I served the company as attorney there was never a judgment rendered against it in a contested case. 2nd During the time I was attorney I attended a judgment against Maxwell for $100000 which was paid...","I prosecuted a number ejectment suits against squatters always with success.. I have not failed to do all in my power to promote its success...","I fully thought this letter would convince you, you were mistaken and that you would be ready to go ahead, but up to this writing I have not heard a word from you and I take it that you want to break the agreement... I had begun to arrange a bondsmen after you. I think I would not have had much trouble although the new regulation is quite severe...","As to Wheelock we have no redress except to hold his bonds and warrant... note should not renewed within security, the times re too perilous and we have suffered too much to take any further risks we had better keep our money than take any such risks...","I am glad you have sold to Catron your interest in the Sierra ? If you remember you and Revent were to pay me for my opinion when you sold, please send me here a check for your portion if you have recd [received] your pay. You ask what I am doing in Washington. I am hard at work on matters of moment to myself in part to the Territory. I am a Mexican expect to remain so. I think there is a bright future for NM [New Mexico] just ahead of us...","JB Applegate is hereby authorized to settle upon and occupy a portion for the Merita Juana Lopes Grant when the road to Albuquerque crosses the Galistes River not to exceed one hundred sixty acres for five years from this date at an annual rent of one dollar... Signed by Catron and Elkins","I am in receipt of yours of the 29th in reply beg to say that Mr T.B. Catron and I are the owners of 20/21 of the Ortiz or Gallinious grant containing as I am informed about 160,000 acres situated in the county of San Miguel Territory New Mexico, the Northern boundary being about sixteen miles south of Las Vegas a flourishing town of about 4000 inhabitants... The Grant was made by the Mexican Governor to Antonio Ortiz... It is now about 125 miles distant from the Railroad and is near the arranged line of the Atlantic and Pacific Road...","We could calculate with certainty on the freight to and from Chihuahua Arizona and a port of Texas which would mirror the above estimates... the building of the railway taking all these matters into consideration... all of New Mexico, Arizona, part of Texas and Chihuahua in which must be included all supplies for all mileposts. I think a low estimate would be 100000 tons per annum for the first year...","Touching the extension of a line from Trinidad to Santa Fe or a point near there. I beg to say that in my opinion more assistance could be obtained if the train should go to Bernatelo and on the East side of the range. By this route it would first pass through the Maxwell Estate which I think would render some assistance possibly very valuable...","The next grant is the Las Vegas sand a of which the town of Las Vegas one of the most important towns in the territory is ? this is a large body of land. I am sure the overseers thereof would donate liberally and I think the town of Las Vegas would render some valuable assistance. The Tecolab grant is next and the owners would render a donation, then comes the grants in the Gallisteo River...","I have your last letter in replay beg to say that I think Waldo's chance for the chief justiceship are good although there are very many applicants and much work. In respect to my recommendations touching the appointment of officers I see no change in them at all. I regard Mr Ortiz one of the ablest officers most intelligent and reputable citizens...","Alared is a good man and on can say ought against Eichen as to Col Breeden, I am confident he is not my personal friend but he openly has no better friend than he and a few as good...","As to the opposition you speak of to the Santa Fe Ring and ? something no one knows unless it be the Republican party and its friends. I have never attacked any importance to it. I have heard of this opposition for years and when you set it down it means a howl and cry against the part...","At the request of many of the holders of vouchers in New Mexico and Arizona, I have undertaken to secure an appropriation at the present session of Congress for their payment. I have been working in the matter for about three months and although the present Commissioner has rejected most of the vouchers yours among them, ranchers says they should not be...","The only trouble you will have will be the failure of San ? County in the last election to stand by the party as it should have done but for this I am ? could be elected without any kind of trouble...","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Letter copy book kept by Stephen Benton Elkins, a politician and businessman who would later become a prominent citizen of West Virginia. The book was kept from 23 October 1875 to 1 May 1878. It contains roughly 150 letters as well as a partial index of recipients. During the time this book was kept, Elkins resided in Santa Fe, New Mexico, practiced law, represented the territory in Congress, and acted as president of the Maxwell Land Grant Company. Letters concern political and business topics, including Elkins's involvement with the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group. Please see \"Scope and Content Note\" and \"Historical Note\" for further information.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book, 1875/1878"],"collection_ssim":["Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book, 1875/1878"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3979","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3220"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3979","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3220"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["New Mexico","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["New Mexico","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["New Mexico","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"creator_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )"],"creators_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Politics and government.","United States Congressmen - West Virginia.","Politicians -- United States","Politicians"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Politics and government.","United States Congressmen - West Virginia.","Politicians -- United States","Politicians"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Linear Feet Summary: 1 in. (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Linear Feet Summary: 1 in. (1 folder)"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStephen Benton Elkins (26 September 1841 - 4 January 1911) was born in Ohio then moved with his family to Missouri, where he spent the rest of his early life. During the Civil War, Elkins served in the Union Army, holding the rank of captain with the 77th Missouri Infantry. He left the army in 1863 and started practicing law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElkins moved out to the New Mexico in 1864, where he became active in local business and politics. He held a number of political offices, eventually being elected to represent the New Mexico Territory in Congress in 1872. He was also implicated as a member of the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group, during the same period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1875 Elkins married Hallie Davis, daughter of West Virginia Senator Henry Gassaway Davis. Elkins moved to West Virginia in 1878, becoming a partner in the Davis family's business ventures. During this time, he remained active in national politics, including serving as Secretary of War under President Harrison. Elkins was elected Senator from West Virginia in 1895 and held that office until his death.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Stephen Benton Elkins (26 September 1841 - 4 January 1911) was born in Ohio then moved with his family to Missouri, where he spent the rest of his early life. During the Civil War, Elkins served in the Union Army, holding the rank of captain with the 77th Missouri Infantry. He left the army in 1863 and started practicing law.","Elkins moved out to the New Mexico in 1864, where he became active in local business and politics. He held a number of political offices, eventually being elected to represent the New Mexico Territory in Congress in 1872. He was also implicated as a member of the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group, during the same period.","In 1875 Elkins married Hallie Davis, daughter of West Virginia Senator Henry Gassaway Davis. Elkins moved to West Virginia in 1878, becoming a partner in the Davis family's business ventures. During this time, he remained active in national politics, including serving as Secretary of War under President Harrison. Elkins was elected Senator from West Virginia in 1895 and held that office until his death."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book, A\u0026amp;M 3979, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book, A\u0026M 3979, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter copy book kept by Stephen Benton Elkins, a politician and businessman who would later become a prominent citizen of West Virginia. The book was kept from 23 October 1875 to 1 May 1878. It contains roughly 150 letters as well as a partial index of recipients. During the time this book was kept, Elkins resided in Santa Fe, New Mexico, practiced law, represented the territory in Congress, and acted as president of the Maxwell Land Grant Company. Letters concern political and business topics, including Elkins's involvement with the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following is a copy of an auction lot description offering the letter copy book for sale:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a remarkable letter copy book featuring over 200 letters from Stephen B Elkins, future Senator and Secretary of War, when he was out in Santa Fe, New Mexico starting in 1875. The letters are all handwritten by Elkins and these are his retained copies of those letters. They go from 1875 to 1878 and feature a lot of incredible content including letters to well known early settlers of New Mexico, a letter to President Grant and much more. The best part of the collection is related to what was known as the Santa Fe Ring, one of the largest land schemes in US history. There are many letters related to the Maxwell Land Grant Company and the evicting of squatters and his connection to work on land grants throughout New Mexico. There is a fantastic 8 page letter to the editor of the New York Daily Sun about accusations that he was involved in the murder of Rev [Reverend] Tolby, where he claims that they were murdered by 2 Mexican men who believed he had gold. Elkins spends all 8 pages defending himself and laying out the facts as he wanted them to be known. There are many letters related to T.B. Catron and there connection and so much more. It is really a fantastic piece of New Mexico history. The later letters still have New Mexico related content but are written while he is in Washington, DC. Some of the letters are faded and hard to read but it is otherwise in good condition. I will give you a small sample of what the letters say below:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI arrived here a few days since and write you immediately about Railway matters. I find that the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway co have extended their line to Los Animos and by Feb will complete it to Pueblo without question. The Kansas Pacific Co have built and complete their line twenty miles from Los Animas in the direction of? The Denver and Rio Grande have graded to the Cuchoras and will complete their line to Trinidad at once they raised the money in Philadelphia...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo the Board of Directors of the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Co, Gentlemen I herewith tender my resignation as President Director and Attorney of your company and beg you will accept the same...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the New York Daily Sun of the 16th inst will be found a letter from Santa FE New Mexico under the caption of Territory of Elkins not having the papers before me I don't remember the name. I feel that I cannot allow the incrimination contained in this letter to go uncorrected because it connects me with a most horrible murder...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo convince anyone of the entire untruthfulness of this insinuation. I need only call to mind the fact you so well know that I attended the last session of congress and immediately after the adjournment I went to Europe and did not return to New Mexico until October making my absence from the Territory about one year, during this which against my wishes and in the face of my declination I was elected as Delegate, receiving as in the election preceding while mainly supported by Republicans... my support in both elections coming from the business men of the Territory...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt was in August while I was in Europe that the Rev [Reverend] Mr Tolby party named in the letter was murdered he came into the Territory after I had left to attend the last session of Congress and I never knew nor heard of the man until my return to New Mexico from abroad in October last. These facts no one will dispute. So far as I could learn while out there Tolby was a Methodist preacher residing at ? he was murdered by two Mexicans Cruz Bega and Manual Cardinas the last named being an old murderer and formerly convicted in Laos, it is supposed that the Mexicans took the preacher on his return from Elizabethton to be the mail and express carrier who generally brought gold from the mines to Camarron. It seems that Carinas was induced by some persons at Elizabethton to implicate Dr Longvill Mills and other parties' names in the letter by saying that they paid him money to do this deed but afterwards before and during the Justice of the peace he retracted and declared these parties had nothing to do with the murder...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWas asserted by their enemies who supposed Tolby's friends would kill them and as far my having any possible connection with the murder such a thing has never been heard of till it made its appearance in the sun... and my worst enemies and I have some never breathed an inclination of the kind and this correspondent has only done so through malice hoping he will never be found out. I can hardly believe the Editor of the Sun would knowingly injure me and in order to convince himself I would be glad if he would demand of his correspondent if he knew or believed I had anything to do with the affair referred to in any shape or manner...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the Rofer matter I only received $1700 and should be charged only with the ? If I should receive any further money on the note I will advise you. I had not heard of the attempt to deprive you of the possession of the books... By this mail I send to the Board of Directors my resignation...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have started to visit Dona Ana County and thank all of my friends for their kindness in the last election but when at last Los Lunos I was called back to Santa Fe on pressing business and partly to see about the telegraph line.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI forwarded my resignation as Pres [President] Director and attorney of the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Company... The Company owes me $16.214. I have ceased to take any further interest in its\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI write you about the building of the Military telegraph line from Santa Fe to Fort Begard. It has become necessary for the people to render some assistance... Furnish the poles at $50 apiece provided he could get them within 38 miles of his place... by going to the T Reservation...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy dear sir you will remember me as being with Mr Collison in your city in connection with the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Co in May last. You were then acting as attorney in behalf of some of the shareholders of the company...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo the President [Grant] The appointment of Mr TB Catron as US Attorney for New Mexico will expire in early March. Having known Mr Catron from his early youth I can bear testimony takes your character and can state from actual knowledge that he is an able energetic and efficient prosecutor and a lawyer of undoubted ability indeed he stands at the head of the bar in New Mexico. He is an old resident of the Territory, acquainted with the people and speaks fluently the Spanish language... the success of a District Attorney in New Mexico in enforcing the laws...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI beg to advise you that a few days since in a written communication to the President favorably ? by Senators Windom, McMillan and Gov [Governor] Ramsey. I asked the reappointment of Judge Bastel as Justice Supreme Court, New Mexico...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharges lately made against Judge Bristol by parties to Grant County New Mexico and from what I know and can learn they are entirely unfounded...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Catron... I wrote you a few days since about the suit of ? and others in the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Company for apart in the Maxwell Estate. I regret you did not write me before consenting to bring this suit, because I don't think you should have sued the company after the close professional relations you have sustained in it particularly without giving them notice...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI beg to trouble you about the indebtedness of the Maxwell Company to me for professional services. The company owes me now about $18000. Probably it will be well in submitting this mater for your consideration to place before you some pertinent facts. As long as I served the company as attorney there was never a judgment rendered against it in a contested case. 2nd During the time I was attorney I attended a judgment against Maxwell for $100000 which was paid...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI prosecuted a number ejectment suits against squatters always with success.. I have not failed to do all in my power to promote its success...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI fully thought this letter would convince you, you were mistaken and that you would be ready to go ahead, but up to this writing I have not heard a word from you and I take it that you want to break the agreement... I had begun to arrange a bondsmen after you. I think I would not have had much trouble although the new regulation is quite severe...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs to Wheelock we have no redress except to hold his bonds and warrant... note should not renewed within security, the times re too perilous and we have suffered too much to take any further risks we had better keep our money than take any such risks...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI am glad you have sold to Catron your interest in the Sierra ? If you remember you and Revent were to pay me for my opinion when you sold, please send me here a check for your portion if you have recd [received] your pay. You ask what I am doing in Washington. I am hard at work on matters of moment to myself in part to the Territory. I am a Mexican expect to remain so. I think there is a bright future for NM [New Mexico] just ahead of us...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJB Applegate is hereby authorized to settle upon and occupy a portion for the Merita Juana Lopes Grant when the road to Albuquerque crosses the Galistes River not to exceed one hundred sixty acres for five years from this date at an annual rent of one dollar... Signed by Catron and Elkins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI am in receipt of yours of the 29th in reply beg to say that Mr T.B. Catron and I are the owners of 20/21 of the Ortiz or Gallinious grant containing as I am informed about 160,000 acres situated in the county of San Miguel Territory New Mexico, the Northern boundary being about sixteen miles south of Las Vegas a flourishing town of about 4000 inhabitants... The Grant was made by the Mexican Governor to Antonio Ortiz... It is now about 125 miles distant from the Railroad and is near the arranged line of the Atlantic and Pacific Road...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWe could calculate with certainty on the freight to and from Chihuahua Arizona and a port of Texas which would mirror the above estimates... the building of the railway taking all these matters into consideration... all of New Mexico, Arizona, part of Texas and Chihuahua in which must be included all supplies for all mileposts. I think a low estimate would be 100000 tons per annum for the first year...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTouching the extension of a line from Trinidad to Santa Fe or a point near there. I beg to say that in my opinion more assistance could be obtained if the train should go to Bernatelo and on the East side of the range. By this route it would first pass through the Maxwell Estate which I think would render some assistance possibly very valuable...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next grant is the Las Vegas sand a of which the town of Las Vegas one of the most important towns in the territory is ? this is a large body of land. I am sure the overseers thereof would donate liberally and I think the town of Las Vegas would render some valuable assistance. The Tecolab grant is next and the owners would render a donation, then comes the grants in the Gallisteo River...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have your last letter in replay beg to say that I think Waldo's chance for the chief justiceship are good although there are very many applicants and much work. In respect to my recommendations touching the appointment of officers I see no change in them at all. I regard Mr Ortiz one of the ablest officers most intelligent and reputable citizens...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlared is a good man and on can say ought against Eichen as to Col Breeden, I am confident he is not my personal friend but he openly has no better friend than he and a few as good...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs to the opposition you speak of to the Santa Fe Ring and ? something no one knows unless it be the Republican party and its friends. I have never attacked any importance to it. I have heard of this opposition for years and when you set it down it means a howl and cry against the part...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the request of many of the holders of vouchers in New Mexico and Arizona, I have undertaken to secure an appropriation at the present session of Congress for their payment. I have been working in the matter for about three months and although the present Commissioner has rejected most of the vouchers yours among them, ranchers says they should not be...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only trouble you will have will be the failure of San ? County in the last election to stand by the party as it should have done but for this I am ? could be elected without any kind of trouble...\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letter copy book kept by Stephen Benton Elkins, a politician and businessman who would later become a prominent citizen of West Virginia. The book was kept from 23 October 1875 to 1 May 1878. It contains roughly 150 letters as well as a partial index of recipients. During the time this book was kept, Elkins resided in Santa Fe, New Mexico, practiced law, represented the territory in Congress, and acted as president of the Maxwell Land Grant Company. Letters concern political and business topics, including Elkins's involvement with the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group.","The following is a copy of an auction lot description offering the letter copy book for sale:","This is a remarkable letter copy book featuring over 200 letters from Stephen B Elkins, future Senator and Secretary of War, when he was out in Santa Fe, New Mexico starting in 1875. The letters are all handwritten by Elkins and these are his retained copies of those letters. They go from 1875 to 1878 and feature a lot of incredible content including letters to well known early settlers of New Mexico, a letter to President Grant and much more. The best part of the collection is related to what was known as the Santa Fe Ring, one of the largest land schemes in US history. There are many letters related to the Maxwell Land Grant Company and the evicting of squatters and his connection to work on land grants throughout New Mexico. There is a fantastic 8 page letter to the editor of the New York Daily Sun about accusations that he was involved in the murder of Rev [Reverend] Tolby, where he claims that they were murdered by 2 Mexican men who believed he had gold. Elkins spends all 8 pages defending himself and laying out the facts as he wanted them to be known. There are many letters related to T.B. Catron and there connection and so much more. It is really a fantastic piece of New Mexico history. The later letters still have New Mexico related content but are written while he is in Washington, DC. Some of the letters are faded and hard to read but it is otherwise in good condition. I will give you a small sample of what the letters say below:","I arrived here a few days since and write you immediately about Railway matters. I find that the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway co have extended their line to Los Animos and by Feb will complete it to Pueblo without question. The Kansas Pacific Co have built and complete their line twenty miles from Los Animas in the direction of? The Denver and Rio Grande have graded to the Cuchoras and will complete their line to Trinidad at once they raised the money in Philadelphia...","To the Board of Directors of the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Co, Gentlemen I herewith tender my resignation as President Director and Attorney of your company and beg you will accept the same...","In the New York Daily Sun of the 16th inst will be found a letter from Santa FE New Mexico under the caption of Territory of Elkins not having the papers before me I don't remember the name. I feel that I cannot allow the incrimination contained in this letter to go uncorrected because it connects me with a most horrible murder...","To convince anyone of the entire untruthfulness of this insinuation. I need only call to mind the fact you so well know that I attended the last session of congress and immediately after the adjournment I went to Europe and did not return to New Mexico until October making my absence from the Territory about one year, during this which against my wishes and in the face of my declination I was elected as Delegate, receiving as in the election preceding while mainly supported by Republicans... my support in both elections coming from the business men of the Territory...","It was in August while I was in Europe that the Rev [Reverend] Mr Tolby party named in the letter was murdered he came into the Territory after I had left to attend the last session of Congress and I never knew nor heard of the man until my return to New Mexico from abroad in October last. These facts no one will dispute. So far as I could learn while out there Tolby was a Methodist preacher residing at ? he was murdered by two Mexicans Cruz Bega and Manual Cardinas the last named being an old murderer and formerly convicted in Laos, it is supposed that the Mexicans took the preacher on his return from Elizabethton to be the mail and express carrier who generally brought gold from the mines to Camarron. It seems that Carinas was induced by some persons at Elizabethton to implicate Dr Longvill Mills and other parties' names in the letter by saying that they paid him money to do this deed but afterwards before and during the Justice of the peace he retracted and declared these parties had nothing to do with the murder...","Was asserted by their enemies who supposed Tolby's friends would kill them and as far my having any possible connection with the murder such a thing has never been heard of till it made its appearance in the sun... and my worst enemies and I have some never breathed an inclination of the kind and this correspondent has only done so through malice hoping he will never be found out. I can hardly believe the Editor of the Sun would knowingly injure me and in order to convince himself I would be glad if he would demand of his correspondent if he knew or believed I had anything to do with the affair referred to in any shape or manner...","In the Rofer matter I only received $1700 and should be charged only with the ? If I should receive any further money on the note I will advise you. I had not heard of the attempt to deprive you of the possession of the books... By this mail I send to the Board of Directors my resignation...","I have started to visit Dona Ana County and thank all of my friends for their kindness in the last election but when at last Los Lunos I was called back to Santa Fe on pressing business and partly to see about the telegraph line.","I forwarded my resignation as Pres [President] Director and attorney of the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Company... The Company owes me $16.214. I have ceased to take any further interest in its","I write you about the building of the Military telegraph line from Santa Fe to Fort Begard. It has become necessary for the people to render some assistance... Furnish the poles at $50 apiece provided he could get them within 38 miles of his place... by going to the T Reservation...","My dear sir you will remember me as being with Mr Collison in your city in connection with the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Co in May last. You were then acting as attorney in behalf of some of the shareholders of the company...","To the President [Grant] The appointment of Mr TB Catron as US Attorney for New Mexico will expire in early March. Having known Mr Catron from his early youth I can bear testimony takes your character and can state from actual knowledge that he is an able energetic and efficient prosecutor and a lawyer of undoubted ability indeed he stands at the head of the bar in New Mexico. He is an old resident of the Territory, acquainted with the people and speaks fluently the Spanish language... the success of a District Attorney in New Mexico in enforcing the laws...","I beg to advise you that a few days since in a written communication to the President favorably ? by Senators Windom, McMillan and Gov [Governor] Ramsey. I asked the reappointment of Judge Bastel as Justice Supreme Court, New Mexico...","Charges lately made against Judge Bristol by parties to Grant County New Mexico and from what I know and can learn they are entirely unfounded...","Dear Catron... I wrote you a few days since about the suit of ? and others in the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Company for apart in the Maxwell Estate. I regret you did not write me before consenting to bring this suit, because I don't think you should have sued the company after the close professional relations you have sustained in it particularly without giving them notice...","I beg to trouble you about the indebtedness of the Maxwell Company to me for professional services. The company owes me now about $18000. Probably it will be well in submitting this mater for your consideration to place before you some pertinent facts. As long as I served the company as attorney there was never a judgment rendered against it in a contested case. 2nd During the time I was attorney I attended a judgment against Maxwell for $100000 which was paid...","I prosecuted a number ejectment suits against squatters always with success.. I have not failed to do all in my power to promote its success...","I fully thought this letter would convince you, you were mistaken and that you would be ready to go ahead, but up to this writing I have not heard a word from you and I take it that you want to break the agreement... I had begun to arrange a bondsmen after you. I think I would not have had much trouble although the new regulation is quite severe...","As to Wheelock we have no redress except to hold his bonds and warrant... note should not renewed within security, the times re too perilous and we have suffered too much to take any further risks we had better keep our money than take any such risks...","I am glad you have sold to Catron your interest in the Sierra ? If you remember you and Revent were to pay me for my opinion when you sold, please send me here a check for your portion if you have recd [received] your pay. You ask what I am doing in Washington. I am hard at work on matters of moment to myself in part to the Territory. I am a Mexican expect to remain so. I think there is a bright future for NM [New Mexico] just ahead of us...","JB Applegate is hereby authorized to settle upon and occupy a portion for the Merita Juana Lopes Grant when the road to Albuquerque crosses the Galistes River not to exceed one hundred sixty acres for five years from this date at an annual rent of one dollar... Signed by Catron and Elkins","I am in receipt of yours of the 29th in reply beg to say that Mr T.B. Catron and I are the owners of 20/21 of the Ortiz or Gallinious grant containing as I am informed about 160,000 acres situated in the county of San Miguel Territory New Mexico, the Northern boundary being about sixteen miles south of Las Vegas a flourishing town of about 4000 inhabitants... The Grant was made by the Mexican Governor to Antonio Ortiz... It is now about 125 miles distant from the Railroad and is near the arranged line of the Atlantic and Pacific Road...","We could calculate with certainty on the freight to and from Chihuahua Arizona and a port of Texas which would mirror the above estimates... the building of the railway taking all these matters into consideration... all of New Mexico, Arizona, part of Texas and Chihuahua in which must be included all supplies for all mileposts. I think a low estimate would be 100000 tons per annum for the first year...","Touching the extension of a line from Trinidad to Santa Fe or a point near there. I beg to say that in my opinion more assistance could be obtained if the train should go to Bernatelo and on the East side of the range. By this route it would first pass through the Maxwell Estate which I think would render some assistance possibly very valuable...","The next grant is the Las Vegas sand a of which the town of Las Vegas one of the most important towns in the territory is ? this is a large body of land. I am sure the overseers thereof would donate liberally and I think the town of Las Vegas would render some valuable assistance. The Tecolab grant is next and the owners would render a donation, then comes the grants in the Gallisteo River...","I have your last letter in replay beg to say that I think Waldo's chance for the chief justiceship are good although there are very many applicants and much work. In respect to my recommendations touching the appointment of officers I see no change in them at all. I regard Mr Ortiz one of the ablest officers most intelligent and reputable citizens...","Alared is a good man and on can say ought against Eichen as to Col Breeden, I am confident he is not my personal friend but he openly has no better friend than he and a few as good...","As to the opposition you speak of to the Santa Fe Ring and ? something no one knows unless it be the Republican party and its friends. I have never attacked any importance to it. I have heard of this opposition for years and when you set it down it means a howl and cry against the part...","At the request of many of the holders of vouchers in New Mexico and Arizona, I have undertaken to secure an appropriation at the present session of Congress for their payment. I have been working in the matter for about three months and although the present Commissioner has rejected most of the vouchers yours among them, ranchers says they should not be...","The only trouble you will have will be the failure of San ? County in the last election to stand by the party as it should have done but for this I am ? could be elected without any kind of trouble..."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0b76491069411ed9156ca6cfe34fbc33\"\u003eLetter copy book kept by Stephen Benton Elkins, a politician and businessman who would later become a prominent citizen of West Virginia. The book was kept from 23 October 1875 to 1 May 1878. It contains roughly 150 letters as well as a partial index of recipients. During the time this book was kept, Elkins resided in Santa Fe, New Mexico, practiced law, represented the territory in Congress, and acted as president of the Maxwell Land Grant Company. Letters concern political and business topics, including Elkins's involvement with the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group. Please see \"Scope and Content Note\" and \"Historical Note\" for further information.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letter copy book kept by Stephen Benton Elkins, a politician and businessman who would later become a prominent citizen of West Virginia. The book was kept from 23 October 1875 to 1 May 1878. It contains roughly 150 letters as well as a partial index of recipients. During the time this book was kept, Elkins resided in Santa Fe, New Mexico, practiced law, represented the territory in Congress, and acted as president of the Maxwell Land Grant Company. Letters concern political and business topics, including Elkins's involvement with the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group. Please see \"Scope and Content Note\" and \"Historical Note\" for further information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8560e52bf7dabdbbb1ac96d1ba0056f2\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )"],"names_coll_ssim":["Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"persname_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-17T13:58:35.347Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3220","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3220","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3220","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3220","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_3220.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/212427","title_ssm":["Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book"],"title_tesim":["Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1875-1878"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1875-1878"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1875/1878"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book, 1875/1878"],"text":["Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book, 1875/1878","A\u0026M 3979","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3220","New Mexico","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)","Politics and government.","United States Congressmen - West Virginia.","Politicians -- United States","Politicians","No special access restriction applies.","Stephen Benton Elkins (26 September 1841 - 4 January 1911) was born in Ohio then moved with his family to Missouri, where he spent the rest of his early life. During the Civil War, Elkins served in the Union Army, holding the rank of captain with the 77th Missouri Infantry. He left the army in 1863 and started practicing law.","Elkins moved out to the New Mexico in 1864, where he became active in local business and politics. He held a number of political offices, eventually being elected to represent the New Mexico Territory in Congress in 1872. He was also implicated as a member of the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group, during the same period.","In 1875 Elkins married Hallie Davis, daughter of West Virginia Senator Henry Gassaway Davis. Elkins moved to West Virginia in 1878, becoming a partner in the Davis family's business ventures. During this time, he remained active in national politics, including serving as Secretary of War under President Harrison. Elkins was elected Senator from West Virginia in 1895 and held that office until his death.","Letter copy book kept by Stephen Benton Elkins, a politician and businessman who would later become a prominent citizen of West Virginia. The book was kept from 23 October 1875 to 1 May 1878. It contains roughly 150 letters as well as a partial index of recipients. During the time this book was kept, Elkins resided in Santa Fe, New Mexico, practiced law, represented the territory in Congress, and acted as president of the Maxwell Land Grant Company. Letters concern political and business topics, including Elkins's involvement with the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group.","The following is a copy of an auction lot description offering the letter copy book for sale:","This is a remarkable letter copy book featuring over 200 letters from Stephen B Elkins, future Senator and Secretary of War, when he was out in Santa Fe, New Mexico starting in 1875. The letters are all handwritten by Elkins and these are his retained copies of those letters. They go from 1875 to 1878 and feature a lot of incredible content including letters to well known early settlers of New Mexico, a letter to President Grant and much more. The best part of the collection is related to what was known as the Santa Fe Ring, one of the largest land schemes in US history. There are many letters related to the Maxwell Land Grant Company and the evicting of squatters and his connection to work on land grants throughout New Mexico. There is a fantastic 8 page letter to the editor of the New York Daily Sun about accusations that he was involved in the murder of Rev [Reverend] Tolby, where he claims that they were murdered by 2 Mexican men who believed he had gold. Elkins spends all 8 pages defending himself and laying out the facts as he wanted them to be known. There are many letters related to T.B. Catron and there connection and so much more. It is really a fantastic piece of New Mexico history. The later letters still have New Mexico related content but are written while he is in Washington, DC. Some of the letters are faded and hard to read but it is otherwise in good condition. I will give you a small sample of what the letters say below:","I arrived here a few days since and write you immediately about Railway matters. I find that the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway co have extended their line to Los Animos and by Feb will complete it to Pueblo without question. The Kansas Pacific Co have built and complete their line twenty miles from Los Animas in the direction of? The Denver and Rio Grande have graded to the Cuchoras and will complete their line to Trinidad at once they raised the money in Philadelphia...","To the Board of Directors of the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Co, Gentlemen I herewith tender my resignation as President Director and Attorney of your company and beg you will accept the same...","In the New York Daily Sun of the 16th inst will be found a letter from Santa FE New Mexico under the caption of Territory of Elkins not having the papers before me I don't remember the name. I feel that I cannot allow the incrimination contained in this letter to go uncorrected because it connects me with a most horrible murder...","To convince anyone of the entire untruthfulness of this insinuation. I need only call to mind the fact you so well know that I attended the last session of congress and immediately after the adjournment I went to Europe and did not return to New Mexico until October making my absence from the Territory about one year, during this which against my wishes and in the face of my declination I was elected as Delegate, receiving as in the election preceding while mainly supported by Republicans... my support in both elections coming from the business men of the Territory...","It was in August while I was in Europe that the Rev [Reverend] Mr Tolby party named in the letter was murdered he came into the Territory after I had left to attend the last session of Congress and I never knew nor heard of the man until my return to New Mexico from abroad in October last. These facts no one will dispute. So far as I could learn while out there Tolby was a Methodist preacher residing at ? he was murdered by two Mexicans Cruz Bega and Manual Cardinas the last named being an old murderer and formerly convicted in Laos, it is supposed that the Mexicans took the preacher on his return from Elizabethton to be the mail and express carrier who generally brought gold from the mines to Camarron. It seems that Carinas was induced by some persons at Elizabethton to implicate Dr Longvill Mills and other parties' names in the letter by saying that they paid him money to do this deed but afterwards before and during the Justice of the peace he retracted and declared these parties had nothing to do with the murder...","Was asserted by their enemies who supposed Tolby's friends would kill them and as far my having any possible connection with the murder such a thing has never been heard of till it made its appearance in the sun... and my worst enemies and I have some never breathed an inclination of the kind and this correspondent has only done so through malice hoping he will never be found out. I can hardly believe the Editor of the Sun would knowingly injure me and in order to convince himself I would be glad if he would demand of his correspondent if he knew or believed I had anything to do with the affair referred to in any shape or manner...","In the Rofer matter I only received $1700 and should be charged only with the ? If I should receive any further money on the note I will advise you. I had not heard of the attempt to deprive you of the possession of the books... By this mail I send to the Board of Directors my resignation...","I have started to visit Dona Ana County and thank all of my friends for their kindness in the last election but when at last Los Lunos I was called back to Santa Fe on pressing business and partly to see about the telegraph line.","I forwarded my resignation as Pres [President] Director and attorney of the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Company... The Company owes me $16.214. I have ceased to take any further interest in its","I write you about the building of the Military telegraph line from Santa Fe to Fort Begard. It has become necessary for the people to render some assistance... Furnish the poles at $50 apiece provided he could get them within 38 miles of his place... by going to the T Reservation...","My dear sir you will remember me as being with Mr Collison in your city in connection with the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Co in May last. You were then acting as attorney in behalf of some of the shareholders of the company...","To the President [Grant] The appointment of Mr TB Catron as US Attorney for New Mexico will expire in early March. Having known Mr Catron from his early youth I can bear testimony takes your character and can state from actual knowledge that he is an able energetic and efficient prosecutor and a lawyer of undoubted ability indeed he stands at the head of the bar in New Mexico. He is an old resident of the Territory, acquainted with the people and speaks fluently the Spanish language... the success of a District Attorney in New Mexico in enforcing the laws...","I beg to advise you that a few days since in a written communication to the President favorably ? by Senators Windom, McMillan and Gov [Governor] Ramsey. I asked the reappointment of Judge Bastel as Justice Supreme Court, New Mexico...","Charges lately made against Judge Bristol by parties to Grant County New Mexico and from what I know and can learn they are entirely unfounded...","Dear Catron... I wrote you a few days since about the suit of ? and others in the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Company for apart in the Maxwell Estate. I regret you did not write me before consenting to bring this suit, because I don't think you should have sued the company after the close professional relations you have sustained in it particularly without giving them notice...","I beg to trouble you about the indebtedness of the Maxwell Company to me for professional services. The company owes me now about $18000. Probably it will be well in submitting this mater for your consideration to place before you some pertinent facts. As long as I served the company as attorney there was never a judgment rendered against it in a contested case. 2nd During the time I was attorney I attended a judgment against Maxwell for $100000 which was paid...","I prosecuted a number ejectment suits against squatters always with success.. I have not failed to do all in my power to promote its success...","I fully thought this letter would convince you, you were mistaken and that you would be ready to go ahead, but up to this writing I have not heard a word from you and I take it that you want to break the agreement... I had begun to arrange a bondsmen after you. I think I would not have had much trouble although the new regulation is quite severe...","As to Wheelock we have no redress except to hold his bonds and warrant... note should not renewed within security, the times re too perilous and we have suffered too much to take any further risks we had better keep our money than take any such risks...","I am glad you have sold to Catron your interest in the Sierra ? If you remember you and Revent were to pay me for my opinion when you sold, please send me here a check for your portion if you have recd [received] your pay. You ask what I am doing in Washington. I am hard at work on matters of moment to myself in part to the Territory. I am a Mexican expect to remain so. I think there is a bright future for NM [New Mexico] just ahead of us...","JB Applegate is hereby authorized to settle upon and occupy a portion for the Merita Juana Lopes Grant when the road to Albuquerque crosses the Galistes River not to exceed one hundred sixty acres for five years from this date at an annual rent of one dollar... Signed by Catron and Elkins","I am in receipt of yours of the 29th in reply beg to say that Mr T.B. Catron and I are the owners of 20/21 of the Ortiz or Gallinious grant containing as I am informed about 160,000 acres situated in the county of San Miguel Territory New Mexico, the Northern boundary being about sixteen miles south of Las Vegas a flourishing town of about 4000 inhabitants... The Grant was made by the Mexican Governor to Antonio Ortiz... It is now about 125 miles distant from the Railroad and is near the arranged line of the Atlantic and Pacific Road...","We could calculate with certainty on the freight to and from Chihuahua Arizona and a port of Texas which would mirror the above estimates... the building of the railway taking all these matters into consideration... all of New Mexico, Arizona, part of Texas and Chihuahua in which must be included all supplies for all mileposts. I think a low estimate would be 100000 tons per annum for the first year...","Touching the extension of a line from Trinidad to Santa Fe or a point near there. I beg to say that in my opinion more assistance could be obtained if the train should go to Bernatelo and on the East side of the range. By this route it would first pass through the Maxwell Estate which I think would render some assistance possibly very valuable...","The next grant is the Las Vegas sand a of which the town of Las Vegas one of the most important towns in the territory is ? this is a large body of land. I am sure the overseers thereof would donate liberally and I think the town of Las Vegas would render some valuable assistance. The Tecolab grant is next and the owners would render a donation, then comes the grants in the Gallisteo River...","I have your last letter in replay beg to say that I think Waldo's chance for the chief justiceship are good although there are very many applicants and much work. In respect to my recommendations touching the appointment of officers I see no change in them at all. I regard Mr Ortiz one of the ablest officers most intelligent and reputable citizens...","Alared is a good man and on can say ought against Eichen as to Col Breeden, I am confident he is not my personal friend but he openly has no better friend than he and a few as good...","As to the opposition you speak of to the Santa Fe Ring and ? something no one knows unless it be the Republican party and its friends. I have never attacked any importance to it. I have heard of this opposition for years and when you set it down it means a howl and cry against the part...","At the request of many of the holders of vouchers in New Mexico and Arizona, I have undertaken to secure an appropriation at the present session of Congress for their payment. I have been working in the matter for about three months and although the present Commissioner has rejected most of the vouchers yours among them, ranchers says they should not be...","The only trouble you will have will be the failure of San ? County in the last election to stand by the party as it should have done but for this I am ? could be elected without any kind of trouble...","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Letter copy book kept by Stephen Benton Elkins, a politician and businessman who would later become a prominent citizen of West Virginia. The book was kept from 23 October 1875 to 1 May 1878. It contains roughly 150 letters as well as a partial index of recipients. During the time this book was kept, Elkins resided in Santa Fe, New Mexico, practiced law, represented the territory in Congress, and acted as president of the Maxwell Land Grant Company. Letters concern political and business topics, including Elkins's involvement with the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group. Please see \"Scope and Content Note\" and \"Historical Note\" for further information.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book, 1875/1878"],"collection_ssim":["Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book, 1875/1878"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3979","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3220"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3979","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3220"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["New Mexico","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["New Mexico","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["New Mexico","West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Elkins (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"creator_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )"],"creators_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Politics and government.","United States Congressmen - West Virginia.","Politicians -- United States","Politicians"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Politics and government.","United States Congressmen - West Virginia.","Politicians -- United States","Politicians"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Linear Feet Summary: 1 in. (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Linear Feet Summary: 1 in. (1 folder)"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStephen Benton Elkins (26 September 1841 - 4 January 1911) was born in Ohio then moved with his family to Missouri, where he spent the rest of his early life. During the Civil War, Elkins served in the Union Army, holding the rank of captain with the 77th Missouri Infantry. He left the army in 1863 and started practicing law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElkins moved out to the New Mexico in 1864, where he became active in local business and politics. He held a number of political offices, eventually being elected to represent the New Mexico Territory in Congress in 1872. He was also implicated as a member of the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group, during the same period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1875 Elkins married Hallie Davis, daughter of West Virginia Senator Henry Gassaway Davis. Elkins moved to West Virginia in 1878, becoming a partner in the Davis family's business ventures. During this time, he remained active in national politics, including serving as Secretary of War under President Harrison. Elkins was elected Senator from West Virginia in 1895 and held that office until his death.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Stephen Benton Elkins (26 September 1841 - 4 January 1911) was born in Ohio then moved with his family to Missouri, where he spent the rest of his early life. During the Civil War, Elkins served in the Union Army, holding the rank of captain with the 77th Missouri Infantry. He left the army in 1863 and started practicing law.","Elkins moved out to the New Mexico in 1864, where he became active in local business and politics. He held a number of political offices, eventually being elected to represent the New Mexico Territory in Congress in 1872. He was also implicated as a member of the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group, during the same period.","In 1875 Elkins married Hallie Davis, daughter of West Virginia Senator Henry Gassaway Davis. Elkins moved to West Virginia in 1878, becoming a partner in the Davis family's business ventures. During this time, he remained active in national politics, including serving as Secretary of War under President Harrison. Elkins was elected Senator from West Virginia in 1895 and held that office until his death."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book, A\u0026amp;M 3979, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Stephen Benton Elkins, Letter Copy Book, A\u0026M 3979, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter copy book kept by Stephen Benton Elkins, a politician and businessman who would later become a prominent citizen of West Virginia. The book was kept from 23 October 1875 to 1 May 1878. It contains roughly 150 letters as well as a partial index of recipients. During the time this book was kept, Elkins resided in Santa Fe, New Mexico, practiced law, represented the territory in Congress, and acted as president of the Maxwell Land Grant Company. Letters concern political and business topics, including Elkins's involvement with the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following is a copy of an auction lot description offering the letter copy book for sale:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a remarkable letter copy book featuring over 200 letters from Stephen B Elkins, future Senator and Secretary of War, when he was out in Santa Fe, New Mexico starting in 1875. The letters are all handwritten by Elkins and these are his retained copies of those letters. They go from 1875 to 1878 and feature a lot of incredible content including letters to well known early settlers of New Mexico, a letter to President Grant and much more. The best part of the collection is related to what was known as the Santa Fe Ring, one of the largest land schemes in US history. There are many letters related to the Maxwell Land Grant Company and the evicting of squatters and his connection to work on land grants throughout New Mexico. There is a fantastic 8 page letter to the editor of the New York Daily Sun about accusations that he was involved in the murder of Rev [Reverend] Tolby, where he claims that they were murdered by 2 Mexican men who believed he had gold. Elkins spends all 8 pages defending himself and laying out the facts as he wanted them to be known. There are many letters related to T.B. Catron and there connection and so much more. It is really a fantastic piece of New Mexico history. The later letters still have New Mexico related content but are written while he is in Washington, DC. Some of the letters are faded and hard to read but it is otherwise in good condition. I will give you a small sample of what the letters say below:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI arrived here a few days since and write you immediately about Railway matters. I find that the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway co have extended their line to Los Animos and by Feb will complete it to Pueblo without question. The Kansas Pacific Co have built and complete their line twenty miles from Los Animas in the direction of? The Denver and Rio Grande have graded to the Cuchoras and will complete their line to Trinidad at once they raised the money in Philadelphia...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo the Board of Directors of the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Co, Gentlemen I herewith tender my resignation as President Director and Attorney of your company and beg you will accept the same...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the New York Daily Sun of the 16th inst will be found a letter from Santa FE New Mexico under the caption of Territory of Elkins not having the papers before me I don't remember the name. I feel that I cannot allow the incrimination contained in this letter to go uncorrected because it connects me with a most horrible murder...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo convince anyone of the entire untruthfulness of this insinuation. I need only call to mind the fact you so well know that I attended the last session of congress and immediately after the adjournment I went to Europe and did not return to New Mexico until October making my absence from the Territory about one year, during this which against my wishes and in the face of my declination I was elected as Delegate, receiving as in the election preceding while mainly supported by Republicans... my support in both elections coming from the business men of the Territory...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt was in August while I was in Europe that the Rev [Reverend] Mr Tolby party named in the letter was murdered he came into the Territory after I had left to attend the last session of Congress and I never knew nor heard of the man until my return to New Mexico from abroad in October last. These facts no one will dispute. So far as I could learn while out there Tolby was a Methodist preacher residing at ? he was murdered by two Mexicans Cruz Bega and Manual Cardinas the last named being an old murderer and formerly convicted in Laos, it is supposed that the Mexicans took the preacher on his return from Elizabethton to be the mail and express carrier who generally brought gold from the mines to Camarron. It seems that Carinas was induced by some persons at Elizabethton to implicate Dr Longvill Mills and other parties' names in the letter by saying that they paid him money to do this deed but afterwards before and during the Justice of the peace he retracted and declared these parties had nothing to do with the murder...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWas asserted by their enemies who supposed Tolby's friends would kill them and as far my having any possible connection with the murder such a thing has never been heard of till it made its appearance in the sun... and my worst enemies and I have some never breathed an inclination of the kind and this correspondent has only done so through malice hoping he will never be found out. I can hardly believe the Editor of the Sun would knowingly injure me and in order to convince himself I would be glad if he would demand of his correspondent if he knew or believed I had anything to do with the affair referred to in any shape or manner...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the Rofer matter I only received $1700 and should be charged only with the ? If I should receive any further money on the note I will advise you. I had not heard of the attempt to deprive you of the possession of the books... By this mail I send to the Board of Directors my resignation...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have started to visit Dona Ana County and thank all of my friends for their kindness in the last election but when at last Los Lunos I was called back to Santa Fe on pressing business and partly to see about the telegraph line.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI forwarded my resignation as Pres [President] Director and attorney of the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Company... The Company owes me $16.214. I have ceased to take any further interest in its\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI write you about the building of the Military telegraph line from Santa Fe to Fort Begard. It has become necessary for the people to render some assistance... Furnish the poles at $50 apiece provided he could get them within 38 miles of his place... by going to the T Reservation...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy dear sir you will remember me as being with Mr Collison in your city in connection with the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Co in May last. You were then acting as attorney in behalf of some of the shareholders of the company...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo the President [Grant] The appointment of Mr TB Catron as US Attorney for New Mexico will expire in early March. Having known Mr Catron from his early youth I can bear testimony takes your character and can state from actual knowledge that he is an able energetic and efficient prosecutor and a lawyer of undoubted ability indeed he stands at the head of the bar in New Mexico. He is an old resident of the Territory, acquainted with the people and speaks fluently the Spanish language... the success of a District Attorney in New Mexico in enforcing the laws...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI beg to advise you that a few days since in a written communication to the President favorably ? by Senators Windom, McMillan and Gov [Governor] Ramsey. I asked the reappointment of Judge Bastel as Justice Supreme Court, New Mexico...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharges lately made against Judge Bristol by parties to Grant County New Mexico and from what I know and can learn they are entirely unfounded...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Catron... I wrote you a few days since about the suit of ? and others in the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Company for apart in the Maxwell Estate. I regret you did not write me before consenting to bring this suit, because I don't think you should have sued the company after the close professional relations you have sustained in it particularly without giving them notice...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI beg to trouble you about the indebtedness of the Maxwell Company to me for professional services. The company owes me now about $18000. Probably it will be well in submitting this mater for your consideration to place before you some pertinent facts. As long as I served the company as attorney there was never a judgment rendered against it in a contested case. 2nd During the time I was attorney I attended a judgment against Maxwell for $100000 which was paid...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI prosecuted a number ejectment suits against squatters always with success.. I have not failed to do all in my power to promote its success...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI fully thought this letter would convince you, you were mistaken and that you would be ready to go ahead, but up to this writing I have not heard a word from you and I take it that you want to break the agreement... I had begun to arrange a bondsmen after you. I think I would not have had much trouble although the new regulation is quite severe...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs to Wheelock we have no redress except to hold his bonds and warrant... note should not renewed within security, the times re too perilous and we have suffered too much to take any further risks we had better keep our money than take any such risks...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI am glad you have sold to Catron your interest in the Sierra ? If you remember you and Revent were to pay me for my opinion when you sold, please send me here a check for your portion if you have recd [received] your pay. You ask what I am doing in Washington. I am hard at work on matters of moment to myself in part to the Territory. I am a Mexican expect to remain so. I think there is a bright future for NM [New Mexico] just ahead of us...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJB Applegate is hereby authorized to settle upon and occupy a portion for the Merita Juana Lopes Grant when the road to Albuquerque crosses the Galistes River not to exceed one hundred sixty acres for five years from this date at an annual rent of one dollar... Signed by Catron and Elkins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI am in receipt of yours of the 29th in reply beg to say that Mr T.B. Catron and I are the owners of 20/21 of the Ortiz or Gallinious grant containing as I am informed about 160,000 acres situated in the county of San Miguel Territory New Mexico, the Northern boundary being about sixteen miles south of Las Vegas a flourishing town of about 4000 inhabitants... The Grant was made by the Mexican Governor to Antonio Ortiz... It is now about 125 miles distant from the Railroad and is near the arranged line of the Atlantic and Pacific Road...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWe could calculate with certainty on the freight to and from Chihuahua Arizona and a port of Texas which would mirror the above estimates... the building of the railway taking all these matters into consideration... all of New Mexico, Arizona, part of Texas and Chihuahua in which must be included all supplies for all mileposts. I think a low estimate would be 100000 tons per annum for the first year...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTouching the extension of a line from Trinidad to Santa Fe or a point near there. I beg to say that in my opinion more assistance could be obtained if the train should go to Bernatelo and on the East side of the range. By this route it would first pass through the Maxwell Estate which I think would render some assistance possibly very valuable...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next grant is the Las Vegas sand a of which the town of Las Vegas one of the most important towns in the territory is ? this is a large body of land. I am sure the overseers thereof would donate liberally and I think the town of Las Vegas would render some valuable assistance. The Tecolab grant is next and the owners would render a donation, then comes the grants in the Gallisteo River...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have your last letter in replay beg to say that I think Waldo's chance for the chief justiceship are good although there are very many applicants and much work. In respect to my recommendations touching the appointment of officers I see no change in them at all. I regard Mr Ortiz one of the ablest officers most intelligent and reputable citizens...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlared is a good man and on can say ought against Eichen as to Col Breeden, I am confident he is not my personal friend but he openly has no better friend than he and a few as good...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs to the opposition you speak of to the Santa Fe Ring and ? something no one knows unless it be the Republican party and its friends. I have never attacked any importance to it. I have heard of this opposition for years and when you set it down it means a howl and cry against the part...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the request of many of the holders of vouchers in New Mexico and Arizona, I have undertaken to secure an appropriation at the present session of Congress for their payment. I have been working in the matter for about three months and although the present Commissioner has rejected most of the vouchers yours among them, ranchers says they should not be...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe only trouble you will have will be the failure of San ? County in the last election to stand by the party as it should have done but for this I am ? could be elected without any kind of trouble...\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letter copy book kept by Stephen Benton Elkins, a politician and businessman who would later become a prominent citizen of West Virginia. The book was kept from 23 October 1875 to 1 May 1878. It contains roughly 150 letters as well as a partial index of recipients. During the time this book was kept, Elkins resided in Santa Fe, New Mexico, practiced law, represented the territory in Congress, and acted as president of the Maxwell Land Grant Company. Letters concern political and business topics, including Elkins's involvement with the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group.","The following is a copy of an auction lot description offering the letter copy book for sale:","This is a remarkable letter copy book featuring over 200 letters from Stephen B Elkins, future Senator and Secretary of War, when he was out in Santa Fe, New Mexico starting in 1875. The letters are all handwritten by Elkins and these are his retained copies of those letters. They go from 1875 to 1878 and feature a lot of incredible content including letters to well known early settlers of New Mexico, a letter to President Grant and much more. The best part of the collection is related to what was known as the Santa Fe Ring, one of the largest land schemes in US history. There are many letters related to the Maxwell Land Grant Company and the evicting of squatters and his connection to work on land grants throughout New Mexico. There is a fantastic 8 page letter to the editor of the New York Daily Sun about accusations that he was involved in the murder of Rev [Reverend] Tolby, where he claims that they were murdered by 2 Mexican men who believed he had gold. Elkins spends all 8 pages defending himself and laying out the facts as he wanted them to be known. There are many letters related to T.B. Catron and there connection and so much more. It is really a fantastic piece of New Mexico history. The later letters still have New Mexico related content but are written while he is in Washington, DC. Some of the letters are faded and hard to read but it is otherwise in good condition. I will give you a small sample of what the letters say below:","I arrived here a few days since and write you immediately about Railway matters. I find that the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway co have extended their line to Los Animos and by Feb will complete it to Pueblo without question. The Kansas Pacific Co have built and complete their line twenty miles from Los Animas in the direction of? The Denver and Rio Grande have graded to the Cuchoras and will complete their line to Trinidad at once they raised the money in Philadelphia...","To the Board of Directors of the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Co, Gentlemen I herewith tender my resignation as President Director and Attorney of your company and beg you will accept the same...","In the New York Daily Sun of the 16th inst will be found a letter from Santa FE New Mexico under the caption of Territory of Elkins not having the papers before me I don't remember the name. I feel that I cannot allow the incrimination contained in this letter to go uncorrected because it connects me with a most horrible murder...","To convince anyone of the entire untruthfulness of this insinuation. I need only call to mind the fact you so well know that I attended the last session of congress and immediately after the adjournment I went to Europe and did not return to New Mexico until October making my absence from the Territory about one year, during this which against my wishes and in the face of my declination I was elected as Delegate, receiving as in the election preceding while mainly supported by Republicans... my support in both elections coming from the business men of the Territory...","It was in August while I was in Europe that the Rev [Reverend] Mr Tolby party named in the letter was murdered he came into the Territory after I had left to attend the last session of Congress and I never knew nor heard of the man until my return to New Mexico from abroad in October last. These facts no one will dispute. So far as I could learn while out there Tolby was a Methodist preacher residing at ? he was murdered by two Mexicans Cruz Bega and Manual Cardinas the last named being an old murderer and formerly convicted in Laos, it is supposed that the Mexicans took the preacher on his return from Elizabethton to be the mail and express carrier who generally brought gold from the mines to Camarron. It seems that Carinas was induced by some persons at Elizabethton to implicate Dr Longvill Mills and other parties' names in the letter by saying that they paid him money to do this deed but afterwards before and during the Justice of the peace he retracted and declared these parties had nothing to do with the murder...","Was asserted by their enemies who supposed Tolby's friends would kill them and as far my having any possible connection with the murder such a thing has never been heard of till it made its appearance in the sun... and my worst enemies and I have some never breathed an inclination of the kind and this correspondent has only done so through malice hoping he will never be found out. I can hardly believe the Editor of the Sun would knowingly injure me and in order to convince himself I would be glad if he would demand of his correspondent if he knew or believed I had anything to do with the affair referred to in any shape or manner...","In the Rofer matter I only received $1700 and should be charged only with the ? If I should receive any further money on the note I will advise you. I had not heard of the attempt to deprive you of the possession of the books... By this mail I send to the Board of Directors my resignation...","I have started to visit Dona Ana County and thank all of my friends for their kindness in the last election but when at last Los Lunos I was called back to Santa Fe on pressing business and partly to see about the telegraph line.","I forwarded my resignation as Pres [President] Director and attorney of the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Company... The Company owes me $16.214. I have ceased to take any further interest in its","I write you about the building of the Military telegraph line from Santa Fe to Fort Begard. It has become necessary for the people to render some assistance... Furnish the poles at $50 apiece provided he could get them within 38 miles of his place... by going to the T Reservation...","My dear sir you will remember me as being with Mr Collison in your city in connection with the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Co in May last. You were then acting as attorney in behalf of some of the shareholders of the company...","To the President [Grant] The appointment of Mr TB Catron as US Attorney for New Mexico will expire in early March. Having known Mr Catron from his early youth I can bear testimony takes your character and can state from actual knowledge that he is an able energetic and efficient prosecutor and a lawyer of undoubted ability indeed he stands at the head of the bar in New Mexico. He is an old resident of the Territory, acquainted with the people and speaks fluently the Spanish language... the success of a District Attorney in New Mexico in enforcing the laws...","I beg to advise you that a few days since in a written communication to the President favorably ? by Senators Windom, McMillan and Gov [Governor] Ramsey. I asked the reappointment of Judge Bastel as Justice Supreme Court, New Mexico...","Charges lately made against Judge Bristol by parties to Grant County New Mexico and from what I know and can learn they are entirely unfounded...","Dear Catron... I wrote you a few days since about the suit of ? and others in the Maxwell Land Grant and Railway Company for apart in the Maxwell Estate. I regret you did not write me before consenting to bring this suit, because I don't think you should have sued the company after the close professional relations you have sustained in it particularly without giving them notice...","I beg to trouble you about the indebtedness of the Maxwell Company to me for professional services. The company owes me now about $18000. Probably it will be well in submitting this mater for your consideration to place before you some pertinent facts. As long as I served the company as attorney there was never a judgment rendered against it in a contested case. 2nd During the time I was attorney I attended a judgment against Maxwell for $100000 which was paid...","I prosecuted a number ejectment suits against squatters always with success.. I have not failed to do all in my power to promote its success...","I fully thought this letter would convince you, you were mistaken and that you would be ready to go ahead, but up to this writing I have not heard a word from you and I take it that you want to break the agreement... I had begun to arrange a bondsmen after you. I think I would not have had much trouble although the new regulation is quite severe...","As to Wheelock we have no redress except to hold his bonds and warrant... note should not renewed within security, the times re too perilous and we have suffered too much to take any further risks we had better keep our money than take any such risks...","I am glad you have sold to Catron your interest in the Sierra ? If you remember you and Revent were to pay me for my opinion when you sold, please send me here a check for your portion if you have recd [received] your pay. You ask what I am doing in Washington. I am hard at work on matters of moment to myself in part to the Territory. I am a Mexican expect to remain so. I think there is a bright future for NM [New Mexico] just ahead of us...","JB Applegate is hereby authorized to settle upon and occupy a portion for the Merita Juana Lopes Grant when the road to Albuquerque crosses the Galistes River not to exceed one hundred sixty acres for five years from this date at an annual rent of one dollar... Signed by Catron and Elkins","I am in receipt of yours of the 29th in reply beg to say that Mr T.B. Catron and I are the owners of 20/21 of the Ortiz or Gallinious grant containing as I am informed about 160,000 acres situated in the county of San Miguel Territory New Mexico, the Northern boundary being about sixteen miles south of Las Vegas a flourishing town of about 4000 inhabitants... The Grant was made by the Mexican Governor to Antonio Ortiz... It is now about 125 miles distant from the Railroad and is near the arranged line of the Atlantic and Pacific Road...","We could calculate with certainty on the freight to and from Chihuahua Arizona and a port of Texas which would mirror the above estimates... the building of the railway taking all these matters into consideration... all of New Mexico, Arizona, part of Texas and Chihuahua in which must be included all supplies for all mileposts. I think a low estimate would be 100000 tons per annum for the first year...","Touching the extension of a line from Trinidad to Santa Fe or a point near there. I beg to say that in my opinion more assistance could be obtained if the train should go to Bernatelo and on the East side of the range. By this route it would first pass through the Maxwell Estate which I think would render some assistance possibly very valuable...","The next grant is the Las Vegas sand a of which the town of Las Vegas one of the most important towns in the territory is ? this is a large body of land. I am sure the overseers thereof would donate liberally and I think the town of Las Vegas would render some valuable assistance. The Tecolab grant is next and the owners would render a donation, then comes the grants in the Gallisteo River...","I have your last letter in replay beg to say that I think Waldo's chance for the chief justiceship are good although there are very many applicants and much work. In respect to my recommendations touching the appointment of officers I see no change in them at all. I regard Mr Ortiz one of the ablest officers most intelligent and reputable citizens...","Alared is a good man and on can say ought against Eichen as to Col Breeden, I am confident he is not my personal friend but he openly has no better friend than he and a few as good...","As to the opposition you speak of to the Santa Fe Ring and ? something no one knows unless it be the Republican party and its friends. I have never attacked any importance to it. I have heard of this opposition for years and when you set it down it means a howl and cry against the part...","At the request of many of the holders of vouchers in New Mexico and Arizona, I have undertaken to secure an appropriation at the present session of Congress for their payment. I have been working in the matter for about three months and although the present Commissioner has rejected most of the vouchers yours among them, ranchers says they should not be...","The only trouble you will have will be the failure of San ? County in the last election to stand by the party as it should have done but for this I am ? could be elected without any kind of trouble..."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0b76491069411ed9156ca6cfe34fbc33\"\u003eLetter copy book kept by Stephen Benton Elkins, a politician and businessman who would later become a prominent citizen of West Virginia. The book was kept from 23 October 1875 to 1 May 1878. It contains roughly 150 letters as well as a partial index of recipients. During the time this book was kept, Elkins resided in Santa Fe, New Mexico, practiced law, represented the territory in Congress, and acted as president of the Maxwell Land Grant Company. Letters concern political and business topics, including Elkins's involvement with the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group. Please see \"Scope and Content Note\" and \"Historical Note\" for further information.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letter copy book kept by Stephen Benton Elkins, a politician and businessman who would later become a prominent citizen of West Virginia. The book was kept from 23 October 1875 to 1 May 1878. It contains roughly 150 letters as well as a partial index of recipients. During the time this book was kept, Elkins resided in Santa Fe, New Mexico, practiced law, represented the territory in Congress, and acted as president of the Maxwell Land Grant Company. Letters concern political and business topics, including Elkins's involvement with the Santa Fe Ring, an illegal land speculation group. Please see \"Scope and Content Note\" and \"Historical Note\" for further information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_8560e52bf7dabdbbb1ac96d1ba0056f2\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )"],"names_coll_ssim":["Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"persname_ssim":["Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-17T13:58:35.347Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3220"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2381","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas Creigh Letter, 1858","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2381#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Creigh, Thomas, b. abt.1812","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2381#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Thomas Creigh Letter is a missive written in 1858 from a Virginia assemblyman, representing Greenbrier County, to an unknown party concerning the state of Virginia's real indebtedness.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2381#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2381","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2381","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2381","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2381","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2381.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Creigh, Thomas, Letter","title_ssm":["Thomas Creigh Letter"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Creigh Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1858"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1858"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Creigh Letter, 1858"],"text":["Thomas Creigh Letter, 1858","Ms.2008.060","Virginia, Southwest","West Virginia","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","The collection is open for research.","Thomas Creigh was a member of the Virginia General Assembly. He was likely born in 1812 or 1813, worked as a medical doctor, and served the Virginia General Assembly as a representative of Greenbrier County, Virginia (now West Virginia). Creigh served as both a state senator (1852-1857) and a delegate (1843-1844, 1857-1858).","External Sources:","\"Thomas Creigh\", House History, Virginia House of Delegates, https://history.house.virginia.gov/members/7201, accessed March 20, 2023.","Swem, Earl G., and John W. Williams, A register of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1776-1918, and of the Constitutional Conventions, Richmond: Davis Bottom, Superintendent of Public Printing, 1918, on Archive.org, https://archive.org/details/registerofgenera00virg/page/n5/mode/2up, accessed March 20, 2023.","The guide to the Thomas Creigh Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing and description of the Thomas Creigh Letter occurred in August 2008.","The Thomas Creigh Letter is a one‐page missive written in 1858 from a Virginia assemblyman, representing Greenbrier County, to an unknown party concerning the state of Virginia's indebtedness. Creigh proceeds to specifically cite Virginia's floating debt at eight hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Also mentioned are the unnamed correspondent's subscription to the Richmond paper, the unseasonably mild winter, and Virginia's internal improvement.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Thomas Creigh Letter is a missive written in 1858 from a Virginia assemblyman, representing Greenbrier County, to an unknown party concerning the state of Virginia's real indebtedness.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Creigh, Thomas, b. abt.1812","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Creigh Letter, 1858"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Creigh Letter, 1858"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2008.060"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2008.060"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia, Southwest","West Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia, Southwest","West Virginia"],"places_ssim":["Virginia, Southwest","West Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Creigh, Thomas, b. abt.1812"],"creator_ssim":["Creigh, Thomas, b. abt.1812"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Creigh, Thomas, b. abt.1812"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Creigh, Thomas, b. abt.1812","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas Creigh Letter was purchased by Special Collections in 1993."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1858],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Creigh was a member of the Virginia General Assembly. He was likely born in 1812 or 1813, worked as a medical doctor, and served the Virginia General Assembly as a representative of Greenbrier County, Virginia (now West Virginia). Creigh served as both a state senator (1852-1857) and a delegate (1843-1844, 1857-1858).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExternal Sources: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas Creigh\", House History, Virginia House of Delegates, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://history.house.virginia.gov/members/7201\"\u003ehttps://history.house.virginia.gov/members/7201\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 20, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSwem, Earl G., and John W. Williams, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA register of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1776-1918, and of the Constitutional Conventions\u003c/title\u003e, Richmond: Davis Bottom, Superintendent of Public Printing, 1918, on Archive.org, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/registerofgenera00virg/page/n5/mode/2up\"\u003ehttps://archive.org/details/registerofgenera00virg/page/n5/mode/2up\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 20, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Creigh was a member of the Virginia General Assembly. He was likely born in 1812 or 1813, worked as a medical doctor, and served the Virginia General Assembly as a representative of Greenbrier County, Virginia (now West Virginia). Creigh served as both a state senator (1852-1857) and a delegate (1843-1844, 1857-1858).","External Sources:","\"Thomas Creigh\", House History, Virginia House of Delegates, https://history.house.virginia.gov/members/7201, accessed March 20, 2023.","Swem, Earl G., and John W. Williams, A register of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1776-1918, and of the Constitutional Conventions, Richmond: Davis Bottom, Superintendent of Public Printing, 1918, on Archive.org, https://archive.org/details/registerofgenera00virg/page/n5/mode/2up, accessed March 20, 2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Thomas Creigh Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Thomas Creigh Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Creigh Letter, Ms2008-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Creigh Letter, Ms2008-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Thomas Creigh Letter occurred in August 2008.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Thomas Creigh Letter occurred in August 2008."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Creigh Letter is a one‐page missive written in 1858 from a Virginia assemblyman, representing Greenbrier County, to an unknown party concerning the state of Virginia's indebtedness. Creigh proceeds to specifically cite Virginia's floating debt at eight hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Also mentioned are the unnamed correspondent's subscription to the Richmond paper, the unseasonably mild winter, and Virginia's internal improvement.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Thomas Creigh Letter is a one‐page missive written in 1858 from a Virginia assemblyman, representing Greenbrier County, to an unknown party concerning the state of Virginia's indebtedness. Creigh proceeds to specifically cite Virginia's floating debt at eight hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Also mentioned are the unnamed correspondent's subscription to the Richmond paper, the unseasonably mild winter, and Virginia's internal improvement."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a5b890fc4a388a184aa2c7bad51b5290\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Thomas Creigh Letter is a missive written in 1858 from a Virginia assemblyman, representing Greenbrier County, to an unknown party concerning the state of Virginia's real indebtedness.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Thomas Creigh Letter is a missive written in 1858 from a Virginia assemblyman, representing Greenbrier County, to an unknown party concerning the state of Virginia's real indebtedness."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Creigh, Thomas, b. abt.1812"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Creigh, Thomas, b. abt.1812"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:30:59.961Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2381","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2381","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2381","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2381","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2381.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Creigh, Thomas, Letter","title_ssm":["Thomas Creigh Letter"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Creigh Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1858"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1858"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Creigh Letter, 1858"],"text":["Thomas Creigh Letter, 1858","Ms.2008.060","Virginia, Southwest","West Virginia","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","The collection is open for research.","Thomas Creigh was a member of the Virginia General Assembly. He was likely born in 1812 or 1813, worked as a medical doctor, and served the Virginia General Assembly as a representative of Greenbrier County, Virginia (now West Virginia). Creigh served as both a state senator (1852-1857) and a delegate (1843-1844, 1857-1858).","External Sources:","\"Thomas Creigh\", House History, Virginia House of Delegates, https://history.house.virginia.gov/members/7201, accessed March 20, 2023.","Swem, Earl G., and John W. Williams, A register of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1776-1918, and of the Constitutional Conventions, Richmond: Davis Bottom, Superintendent of Public Printing, 1918, on Archive.org, https://archive.org/details/registerofgenera00virg/page/n5/mode/2up, accessed March 20, 2023.","The guide to the Thomas Creigh Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing and description of the Thomas Creigh Letter occurred in August 2008.","The Thomas Creigh Letter is a one‐page missive written in 1858 from a Virginia assemblyman, representing Greenbrier County, to an unknown party concerning the state of Virginia's indebtedness. Creigh proceeds to specifically cite Virginia's floating debt at eight hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Also mentioned are the unnamed correspondent's subscription to the Richmond paper, the unseasonably mild winter, and Virginia's internal improvement.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Thomas Creigh Letter is a missive written in 1858 from a Virginia assemblyman, representing Greenbrier County, to an unknown party concerning the state of Virginia's real indebtedness.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Creigh, Thomas, b. abt.1812","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Creigh Letter, 1858"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Creigh Letter, 1858"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2008.060"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2008.060"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia, Southwest","West Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia, Southwest","West Virginia"],"places_ssim":["Virginia, Southwest","West Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Creigh, Thomas, b. abt.1812"],"creator_ssim":["Creigh, Thomas, b. abt.1812"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Creigh, Thomas, b. abt.1812"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Creigh, Thomas, b. abt.1812","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas Creigh Letter was purchased by Special Collections in 1993."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1858],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Creigh was a member of the Virginia General Assembly. He was likely born in 1812 or 1813, worked as a medical doctor, and served the Virginia General Assembly as a representative of Greenbrier County, Virginia (now West Virginia). Creigh served as both a state senator (1852-1857) and a delegate (1843-1844, 1857-1858).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExternal Sources: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas Creigh\", House History, Virginia House of Delegates, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://history.house.virginia.gov/members/7201\"\u003ehttps://history.house.virginia.gov/members/7201\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 20, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSwem, Earl G., and John W. Williams, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA register of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1776-1918, and of the Constitutional Conventions\u003c/title\u003e, Richmond: Davis Bottom, Superintendent of Public Printing, 1918, on Archive.org, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://archive.org/details/registerofgenera00virg/page/n5/mode/2up\"\u003ehttps://archive.org/details/registerofgenera00virg/page/n5/mode/2up\u003c/a\u003e, accessed March 20, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Creigh was a member of the Virginia General Assembly. He was likely born in 1812 or 1813, worked as a medical doctor, and served the Virginia General Assembly as a representative of Greenbrier County, Virginia (now West Virginia). Creigh served as both a state senator (1852-1857) and a delegate (1843-1844, 1857-1858).","External Sources:","\"Thomas Creigh\", House History, Virginia House of Delegates, https://history.house.virginia.gov/members/7201, accessed March 20, 2023.","Swem, Earl G., and John W. Williams, A register of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1776-1918, and of the Constitutional Conventions, Richmond: Davis Bottom, Superintendent of Public Printing, 1918, on Archive.org, https://archive.org/details/registerofgenera00virg/page/n5/mode/2up, accessed March 20, 2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Thomas Creigh Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Thomas Creigh Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Creigh Letter, Ms2008-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Creigh Letter, Ms2008-060, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Thomas Creigh Letter occurred in August 2008.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Thomas Creigh Letter occurred in August 2008."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Creigh Letter is a one‐page missive written in 1858 from a Virginia assemblyman, representing Greenbrier County, to an unknown party concerning the state of Virginia's indebtedness. Creigh proceeds to specifically cite Virginia's floating debt at eight hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Also mentioned are the unnamed correspondent's subscription to the Richmond paper, the unseasonably mild winter, and Virginia's internal improvement.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Thomas Creigh Letter is a one‐page missive written in 1858 from a Virginia assemblyman, representing Greenbrier County, to an unknown party concerning the state of Virginia's indebtedness. Creigh proceeds to specifically cite Virginia's floating debt at eight hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Also mentioned are the unnamed correspondent's subscription to the Richmond paper, the unseasonably mild winter, and Virginia's internal improvement."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a5b890fc4a388a184aa2c7bad51b5290\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Thomas Creigh Letter is a missive written in 1858 from a Virginia assemblyman, representing Greenbrier County, to an unknown party concerning the state of Virginia's real indebtedness.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Thomas Creigh Letter is a missive written in 1858 from a Virginia assemblyman, representing Greenbrier County, to an unknown party concerning the state of Virginia's real indebtedness."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Creigh, Thomas, b. abt.1812"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Creigh, Thomas, b. abt.1812"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:30:59.961Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2381"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4655","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers, 1897/1936","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4655#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"J. Hoge Tyler family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4655#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Correspondence (consisting largely of postcards between family members), advertising ephemera, and invitations of the family of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4655#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4655","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4655","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4655","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4655","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4655.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers","title_ssm":["Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1897-1936"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1897-1936"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1897/1936"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers, 1897/1936"],"text":["Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers, 1897/1936","Ms.2026.069","/repositories/2/resources/4655","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Correspondence","The collection is open for research.","James Hoge Tyler (1846-1925), Virginia governor from 1898 to 1902, was born in Caroline County, Virginia in 1846. He was the son of George and Eliza Hoge Tyler but was reared by his grandparents, James and Eleanor Howe Hoge, in Pulaski County, Virginia.","Tyler joined the Confederate army and served as a private in the Signal Corps throughout the Civil War. After the war, he returned to Pulaski County, where he had inherited the Hoge farm. He renamed the farm \"Belle Hampton\" and become a successful farmer and businessman.","Tyler married Sue Montgomery Hammet (1845-1927) in 1868. While living at Belle Hampton, the Tylers had eight children: Edward H., James H. Jr., Stockton Heth, Lucy Belle, Sue H., Henry C. (\"Hal\"), Eliza (\"Lily\") and Eleanor Howe Tyler (died in infancy). In 1891, the family moved to \"Halwick,\" their home in Radford.","Tyler was elected to the state senate in 1877 and served one term. He also served on the board of visitors and as rector of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University). He served as Virginia's lieutenant governor 1890 to 1894 and as governor from 1898 to 1902. Tyler remained  somewhat active in state politics in his later years and also served as food administrator for Radford and Montgomery County during World War I.","Eldest child of James H. and Sue Hammet Tyler, Edward Hammet (\"Ned\") Tyler (1869-1939) graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. He  managed the family farm at Belle Hampton and also owned Kirkland Farm near Dublin (Pulaski County), Virginia.","James Hoge Tyler Jr. (1871-1937) attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and graduated from Hampden-Sidney College. He worked in the governor's office during his father's administration and later for the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company. He married Evelyn Gray Bell (1879-1924) in 1908, and the couple lived in Roanoke.","Stockton Heth Tyler (1874-1943) was a graduate of the Washington and Lee School of Law. During the Spanish-American War, he was a major in the U. S. Army, serving as an additional paymaster. He married Nelle Louise Serpell in 1904; the couple had five children. Tyler served as mayor of Norfolk, Virginia from 1924 to 1932.","Lucy Belle Norwood Tyler (1876-1955) married Colonel Frank Percy McConnell (1870-1941) in 1908. The couple, with their son, James Hoge Tyler McConnell, lived in Fort Smith, Arkansas, where Frank McConnell was engaged in several business enterprises, before returning by 1927 to Radford.","Sue Hampton Tyler (1877-1949) married Rev. Robert Ware Jopling (1865-1944), a Presbyterian minister, in 1915. The couple had two children, Sue Tyler and James Robert Jopling, and resided in Texas and South Carolina. Following her husband's death, Sue Jopling made her home in Norfolk, Virginia.","Henry Clement (\"Hal\") Tyler (1878-1941) graduated from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1901. He established a law practice in Radford, where he was appointed commonwealth attorney in 1906. He continued in that position through successive elections until 1922. In 1909, he was elected city attorney and served in that position until his death. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1924 to 1925.","Known to her family and friends as \"Lily,\" Eliza Lillian Tyler (1882-1974) married Henry Harrison Wilson (1882-1933) in 1915. The Wilsons eventually made their home in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and had three children: James Hoge Tyler (1916-1994), Lily Norwood (1919-2008), and Henry Harrison Wilson II (1923-2016). Following her husband's death, Lily Wilson returned to Virginia and by 1948 was living at the Tyler family home.","More detailed biographical information on the J. Hoge Tyler family may be found in the J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection, Ms1967-002.)","The guide to the Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers commenced and was completed in July, 2026.","See also the finding aid for the J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection, Ms1967-002 and the Tyler-Wilson Family Papers, Ms2017-014.","This collection contains correspondence and ephemera of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler; his wife Sue Hammet Tyler; several of their children (Lucy Belle Norwood Tyler McConnell, Henry Clement (\"Hal\") Tyler, James Hoge Tyler Jr., Stockton Heth Tyler, and Lily Tyler Wilson); and grandchild Lily Norwood Wilson.","Much of the collection consists of postcards addressed to various family members. A few of these are illustrated greeting cards for Christmas and Easter. Others show images of West Side School (Johnson City, Tennessee), Watts Hall and Spence Library at Union Theological Seminary, Roanoke Country Club, and the cafe-bar at Hotel Martinique, New York City. Also included in the correspondence is a letter of sympathy from William Sulzer following the death of J. Hoge Tyler; a letter from C. F. Ward of Roanoke, regarding a case against Eli Sohn and expressing anti-Semetic sentiments; a letter from the Virginia Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans, inviting (Lucy) Belle Tyler to appear at an upcoming reunion as maid of honor to the 9th Congressional District sponsor; a letter from J. H. Hoge regarding repairs to the grave of Col. Jospeh Tyler; letters from the Clapp Stove Company regarding goods purchased by J. Hoge Tyler; and a letter from O. Bence Ross, an army trainee at Ft. Thomas, Kentucky, to Mrs. H. E. McDonald of Roanoke. (The relationship of Ross or McDonald, if any, to the Tylers is unknown.)","Several pieces of ephemera, consisting largely of commercial promotional materials, complete the collection. Included are materials promoting Leonard's White-tipped Scarlet Turnip Radish / Jones Mercantile Co. (East Radford, Virginia); Red Cross Shoe / Johnson Bros. (Radford, Virginia); Armstrong Manufacturing Company (Huntington, West Virginia); and Crown Sea Food Company (Gloucester, Massachusetts). Also included are two invitations to events connected to the 300th anniversary celebration of the founding of Jamestown, Virginia.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Correspondence (consisting largely of postcards between family members), advertising ephemera, and invitations of the family of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","J. Hoge Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Lily Tyler Wilson family","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Stockton Heth Tyler family","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, Sue Hammet, 1845-1927","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939","The contents of this collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers, 1897/1936"],"collection_ssim":["Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers, 1897/1936"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2026.069","/repositories/2/resources/4655"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2026.069","/repositories/2/resources/4655"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["J. Hoge Tyler family","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, Sue Hammet, 1845-1927","Lily Tyler Wilson family","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Stockton Heth Tyler family"],"creator_ssim":["J. Hoge Tyler family","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, Sue Hammet, 1845-1927","Lily Tyler Wilson family","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Stockton Heth Tyler family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, Sue Hammet, 1845-1927","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creator_famname_ssim":["J. Hoge Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Lily Tyler Wilson family","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Stockton Heth Tyler family"],"creators_ssim":["Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, Sue Hammet, 1845-1927","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","J. Hoge Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Lily Tyler Wilson family","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Stockton Heth Tyler family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 2026."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Hoge Tyler (1846-1925), Virginia governor from 1898 to 1902, was born in Caroline County, Virginia in 1846. He was the son of George and Eliza Hoge Tyler but was reared by his grandparents, James and Eleanor Howe Hoge, in Pulaski County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyler joined the Confederate army and served as a private in the Signal Corps throughout the Civil War. After the war, he returned to Pulaski County, where he had inherited the Hoge farm. He renamed the farm \"Belle Hampton\" and become a successful farmer and businessman. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyler married Sue Montgomery Hammet (1845-1927) in 1868. While living at Belle Hampton, the Tylers had eight children: Edward H., James H. Jr., Stockton Heth, Lucy Belle, Sue H., Henry C. (\"Hal\"), Eliza (\"Lily\") and Eleanor Howe Tyler (died in infancy). In 1891, the family moved to \"Halwick,\" their home in Radford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyler was elected to the state senate in 1877 and served one term. He also served on the board of visitors and as rector of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University). He served as Virginia's lieutenant governor 1890 to 1894 and as governor from 1898 to 1902. Tyler remained  somewhat active in state politics in his later years and also served as food administrator for Radford and Montgomery County during World War I.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEldest child of James H. and Sue Hammet Tyler, Edward Hammet (\"Ned\") Tyler (1869-1939) graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. He  managed the family farm at Belle Hampton and also owned Kirkland Farm near Dublin (Pulaski County), Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Hoge Tyler Jr. (1871-1937) attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and graduated from Hampden-Sidney College. He worked in the governor's office during his father's administration and later for the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company. He married Evelyn Gray Bell (1879-1924) in 1908, and the couple lived in Roanoke. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStockton Heth Tyler (1874-1943) was a graduate of the Washington and Lee School of Law. During the Spanish-American War, he was a major in the U. S. Army, serving as an additional paymaster. He married Nelle Louise Serpell in 1904; the couple had five children. Tyler served as mayor of Norfolk, Virginia from 1924 to 1932. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLucy Belle Norwood Tyler (1876-1955) married Colonel Frank Percy McConnell (1870-1941) in 1908. The couple, with their son, James Hoge Tyler McConnell, lived in Fort Smith, Arkansas, where Frank McConnell was engaged in several business enterprises, before returning by 1927 to Radford. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSue Hampton Tyler (1877-1949) married Rev. Robert Ware Jopling (1865-1944), a Presbyterian minister, in 1915. The couple had two children, Sue Tyler and James Robert Jopling, and resided in Texas and South Carolina. Following her husband's death, Sue Jopling made her home in Norfolk, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Clement (\"Hal\") Tyler (1878-1941) graduated from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1901. He established a law practice in Radford, where he was appointed commonwealth attorney in 1906. He continued in that position through successive elections until 1922. In 1909, he was elected city attorney and served in that position until his death. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1924 to 1925. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKnown to her family and friends as \"Lily,\" Eliza Lillian Tyler (1882-1974) married Henry Harrison Wilson (1882-1933) in 1915. The Wilsons eventually made their home in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and had three children: James Hoge Tyler (1916-1994), Lily Norwood (1919-2008), and Henry Harrison Wilson II (1923-2016). Following her husband's death, Lily Wilson returned to Virginia and by 1948 was living at the Tyler family home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore detailed biographical information on the J. Hoge Tyler family may be found in the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv00220.xml\"\u003eJ. Hoge Tyler Family Collection, Ms1967-002\u003c/a\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Hoge Tyler (1846-1925), Virginia governor from 1898 to 1902, was born in Caroline County, Virginia in 1846. He was the son of George and Eliza Hoge Tyler but was reared by his grandparents, James and Eleanor Howe Hoge, in Pulaski County, Virginia.","Tyler joined the Confederate army and served as a private in the Signal Corps throughout the Civil War. After the war, he returned to Pulaski County, where he had inherited the Hoge farm. He renamed the farm \"Belle Hampton\" and become a successful farmer and businessman.","Tyler married Sue Montgomery Hammet (1845-1927) in 1868. While living at Belle Hampton, the Tylers had eight children: Edward H., James H. Jr., Stockton Heth, Lucy Belle, Sue H., Henry C. (\"Hal\"), Eliza (\"Lily\") and Eleanor Howe Tyler (died in infancy). In 1891, the family moved to \"Halwick,\" their home in Radford.","Tyler was elected to the state senate in 1877 and served one term. He also served on the board of visitors and as rector of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University). He served as Virginia's lieutenant governor 1890 to 1894 and as governor from 1898 to 1902. Tyler remained  somewhat active in state politics in his later years and also served as food administrator for Radford and Montgomery County during World War I.","Eldest child of James H. and Sue Hammet Tyler, Edward Hammet (\"Ned\") Tyler (1869-1939) graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. He  managed the family farm at Belle Hampton and also owned Kirkland Farm near Dublin (Pulaski County), Virginia.","James Hoge Tyler Jr. (1871-1937) attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and graduated from Hampden-Sidney College. He worked in the governor's office during his father's administration and later for the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company. He married Evelyn Gray Bell (1879-1924) in 1908, and the couple lived in Roanoke.","Stockton Heth Tyler (1874-1943) was a graduate of the Washington and Lee School of Law. During the Spanish-American War, he was a major in the U. S. Army, serving as an additional paymaster. He married Nelle Louise Serpell in 1904; the couple had five children. Tyler served as mayor of Norfolk, Virginia from 1924 to 1932.","Lucy Belle Norwood Tyler (1876-1955) married Colonel Frank Percy McConnell (1870-1941) in 1908. The couple, with their son, James Hoge Tyler McConnell, lived in Fort Smith, Arkansas, where Frank McConnell was engaged in several business enterprises, before returning by 1927 to Radford.","Sue Hampton Tyler (1877-1949) married Rev. Robert Ware Jopling (1865-1944), a Presbyterian minister, in 1915. The couple had two children, Sue Tyler and James Robert Jopling, and resided in Texas and South Carolina. Following her husband's death, Sue Jopling made her home in Norfolk, Virginia.","Henry Clement (\"Hal\") Tyler (1878-1941) graduated from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1901. He established a law practice in Radford, where he was appointed commonwealth attorney in 1906. He continued in that position through successive elections until 1922. In 1909, he was elected city attorney and served in that position until his death. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1924 to 1925.","Known to her family and friends as \"Lily,\" Eliza Lillian Tyler (1882-1974) married Henry Harrison Wilson (1882-1933) in 1915. The Wilsons eventually made their home in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and had three children: James Hoge Tyler (1916-1994), Lily Norwood (1919-2008), and Henry Harrison Wilson II (1923-2016). Following her husband's death, Lily Wilson returned to Virginia and by 1948 was living at the Tyler family home.","More detailed biographical information on the J. Hoge Tyler family may be found in the J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection, Ms1967-002.)"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers, Ms2026-069, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers, Ms2026-069, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers commenced and was completed in July, 2026.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers commenced and was completed in July, 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also the finding aid for the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1239.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eJ. Hoge Tyler Family Collection, Ms1967-002\u003c/a\u003e and the \u003ca target=\"blank\" href=\"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3191\"\u003eTyler-Wilson Family Papers, Ms2017-014\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also the finding aid for the J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection, Ms1967-002 and the Tyler-Wilson Family Papers, Ms2017-014."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains correspondence and ephemera of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler; his wife Sue Hammet Tyler; several of their children (Lucy Belle Norwood Tyler McConnell, Henry Clement (\"Hal\") Tyler, James Hoge Tyler Jr., Stockton Heth Tyler, and Lily Tyler Wilson); and grandchild Lily Norwood Wilson. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMuch of the collection consists of postcards addressed to various family members. A few of these are illustrated greeting cards for Christmas and Easter. Others show images of West Side School (Johnson City, Tennessee), Watts Hall and Spence Library at Union Theological Seminary, Roanoke Country Club, and the cafe-bar at Hotel Martinique, New York City. Also included in the correspondence is a letter of sympathy from William Sulzer following the death of J. Hoge Tyler; a letter from C. F. Ward of Roanoke, regarding a case against Eli Sohn and expressing anti-Semetic sentiments; a letter from the Virginia Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans, inviting (Lucy) Belle Tyler to appear at an upcoming reunion as maid of honor to the 9th Congressional District sponsor; a letter from J. H. Hoge regarding repairs to the grave of Col. Jospeh Tyler; letters from the Clapp Stove Company regarding goods purchased by J. Hoge Tyler; and a letter from O. Bence Ross, an army trainee at Ft. Thomas, Kentucky, to Mrs. H. E. McDonald of Roanoke. (The relationship of Ross or McDonald, if any, to the Tylers is unknown.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral pieces of ephemera, consisting largely of commercial promotional materials, complete the collection. Included are materials promoting Leonard's White-tipped Scarlet Turnip Radish / Jones Mercantile Co. (East Radford, Virginia); Red Cross Shoe / Johnson Bros. (Radford, Virginia); Armstrong Manufacturing Company (Huntington, West Virginia); and Crown Sea Food Company (Gloucester, Massachusetts). Also included are two invitations to events connected to the 300th anniversary celebration of the founding of Jamestown, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains correspondence and ephemera of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler; his wife Sue Hammet Tyler; several of their children (Lucy Belle Norwood Tyler McConnell, Henry Clement (\"Hal\") Tyler, James Hoge Tyler Jr., Stockton Heth Tyler, and Lily Tyler Wilson); and grandchild Lily Norwood Wilson.","Much of the collection consists of postcards addressed to various family members. A few of these are illustrated greeting cards for Christmas and Easter. Others show images of West Side School (Johnson City, Tennessee), Watts Hall and Spence Library at Union Theological Seminary, Roanoke Country Club, and the cafe-bar at Hotel Martinique, New York City. Also included in the correspondence is a letter of sympathy from William Sulzer following the death of J. Hoge Tyler; a letter from C. F. Ward of Roanoke, regarding a case against Eli Sohn and expressing anti-Semetic sentiments; a letter from the Virginia Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans, inviting (Lucy) Belle Tyler to appear at an upcoming reunion as maid of honor to the 9th Congressional District sponsor; a letter from J. H. Hoge regarding repairs to the grave of Col. Jospeh Tyler; letters from the Clapp Stove Company regarding goods purchased by J. Hoge Tyler; and a letter from O. Bence Ross, an army trainee at Ft. Thomas, Kentucky, to Mrs. H. E. McDonald of Roanoke. (The relationship of Ross or McDonald, if any, to the Tylers is unknown.)","Several pieces of ephemera, consisting largely of commercial promotional materials, complete the collection. Included are materials promoting Leonard's White-tipped Scarlet Turnip Radish / Jones Mercantile Co. (East Radford, Virginia); Red Cross Shoe / Johnson Bros. (Radford, Virginia); Armstrong Manufacturing Company (Huntington, West Virginia); and Crown Sea Food Company (Gloucester, Massachusetts). Also included are two invitations to events connected to the 300th anniversary celebration of the founding of Jamestown, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0def48557e0bbe62acf6e15d307c71ce\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence (consisting largely of postcards between family members), advertising ephemera, and invitations of the family of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence (consisting largely of postcards between family members), advertising ephemera, and invitations of the family of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"famname_ssim":["J. Hoge Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Lily Tyler Wilson family","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Stockton Heth Tyler family"],"persname_ssim":["Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, Sue Hammet, 1845-1927","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","J. Hoge Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Lily Tyler Wilson family","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Stockton Heth Tyler family","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, Sue Hammet, 1845-1927","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939"],"language_ssim":["The contents of this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:33:12.556Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4655","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4655","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4655","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4655","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4655.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers","title_ssm":["Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1897-1936"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1897-1936"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1897/1936"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers, 1897/1936"],"text":["Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers, 1897/1936","Ms.2026.069","/repositories/2/resources/4655","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Correspondence","The collection is open for research.","James Hoge Tyler (1846-1925), Virginia governor from 1898 to 1902, was born in Caroline County, Virginia in 1846. He was the son of George and Eliza Hoge Tyler but was reared by his grandparents, James and Eleanor Howe Hoge, in Pulaski County, Virginia.","Tyler joined the Confederate army and served as a private in the Signal Corps throughout the Civil War. After the war, he returned to Pulaski County, where he had inherited the Hoge farm. He renamed the farm \"Belle Hampton\" and become a successful farmer and businessman.","Tyler married Sue Montgomery Hammet (1845-1927) in 1868. While living at Belle Hampton, the Tylers had eight children: Edward H., James H. Jr., Stockton Heth, Lucy Belle, Sue H., Henry C. (\"Hal\"), Eliza (\"Lily\") and Eleanor Howe Tyler (died in infancy). In 1891, the family moved to \"Halwick,\" their home in Radford.","Tyler was elected to the state senate in 1877 and served one term. He also served on the board of visitors and as rector of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University). He served as Virginia's lieutenant governor 1890 to 1894 and as governor from 1898 to 1902. Tyler remained  somewhat active in state politics in his later years and also served as food administrator for Radford and Montgomery County during World War I.","Eldest child of James H. and Sue Hammet Tyler, Edward Hammet (\"Ned\") Tyler (1869-1939) graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. He  managed the family farm at Belle Hampton and also owned Kirkland Farm near Dublin (Pulaski County), Virginia.","James Hoge Tyler Jr. (1871-1937) attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and graduated from Hampden-Sidney College. He worked in the governor's office during his father's administration and later for the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company. He married Evelyn Gray Bell (1879-1924) in 1908, and the couple lived in Roanoke.","Stockton Heth Tyler (1874-1943) was a graduate of the Washington and Lee School of Law. During the Spanish-American War, he was a major in the U. S. Army, serving as an additional paymaster. He married Nelle Louise Serpell in 1904; the couple had five children. Tyler served as mayor of Norfolk, Virginia from 1924 to 1932.","Lucy Belle Norwood Tyler (1876-1955) married Colonel Frank Percy McConnell (1870-1941) in 1908. The couple, with their son, James Hoge Tyler McConnell, lived in Fort Smith, Arkansas, where Frank McConnell was engaged in several business enterprises, before returning by 1927 to Radford.","Sue Hampton Tyler (1877-1949) married Rev. Robert Ware Jopling (1865-1944), a Presbyterian minister, in 1915. The couple had two children, Sue Tyler and James Robert Jopling, and resided in Texas and South Carolina. Following her husband's death, Sue Jopling made her home in Norfolk, Virginia.","Henry Clement (\"Hal\") Tyler (1878-1941) graduated from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1901. He established a law practice in Radford, where he was appointed commonwealth attorney in 1906. He continued in that position through successive elections until 1922. In 1909, he was elected city attorney and served in that position until his death. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1924 to 1925.","Known to her family and friends as \"Lily,\" Eliza Lillian Tyler (1882-1974) married Henry Harrison Wilson (1882-1933) in 1915. The Wilsons eventually made their home in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and had three children: James Hoge Tyler (1916-1994), Lily Norwood (1919-2008), and Henry Harrison Wilson II (1923-2016). Following her husband's death, Lily Wilson returned to Virginia and by 1948 was living at the Tyler family home.","More detailed biographical information on the J. Hoge Tyler family may be found in the J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection, Ms1967-002.)","The guide to the Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers commenced and was completed in July, 2026.","See also the finding aid for the J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection, Ms1967-002 and the Tyler-Wilson Family Papers, Ms2017-014.","This collection contains correspondence and ephemera of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler; his wife Sue Hammet Tyler; several of their children (Lucy Belle Norwood Tyler McConnell, Henry Clement (\"Hal\") Tyler, James Hoge Tyler Jr., Stockton Heth Tyler, and Lily Tyler Wilson); and grandchild Lily Norwood Wilson.","Much of the collection consists of postcards addressed to various family members. A few of these are illustrated greeting cards for Christmas and Easter. Others show images of West Side School (Johnson City, Tennessee), Watts Hall and Spence Library at Union Theological Seminary, Roanoke Country Club, and the cafe-bar at Hotel Martinique, New York City. Also included in the correspondence is a letter of sympathy from William Sulzer following the death of J. Hoge Tyler; a letter from C. F. Ward of Roanoke, regarding a case against Eli Sohn and expressing anti-Semetic sentiments; a letter from the Virginia Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans, inviting (Lucy) Belle Tyler to appear at an upcoming reunion as maid of honor to the 9th Congressional District sponsor; a letter from J. H. Hoge regarding repairs to the grave of Col. Jospeh Tyler; letters from the Clapp Stove Company regarding goods purchased by J. Hoge Tyler; and a letter from O. Bence Ross, an army trainee at Ft. Thomas, Kentucky, to Mrs. H. E. McDonald of Roanoke. (The relationship of Ross or McDonald, if any, to the Tylers is unknown.)","Several pieces of ephemera, consisting largely of commercial promotional materials, complete the collection. Included are materials promoting Leonard's White-tipped Scarlet Turnip Radish / Jones Mercantile Co. (East Radford, Virginia); Red Cross Shoe / Johnson Bros. (Radford, Virginia); Armstrong Manufacturing Company (Huntington, West Virginia); and Crown Sea Food Company (Gloucester, Massachusetts). Also included are two invitations to events connected to the 300th anniversary celebration of the founding of Jamestown, Virginia.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Correspondence (consisting largely of postcards between family members), advertising ephemera, and invitations of the family of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","J. Hoge Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Lily Tyler Wilson family","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Stockton Heth Tyler family","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, Sue Hammet, 1845-1927","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939","The contents of this collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers, 1897/1936"],"collection_ssim":["Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers, 1897/1936"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2026.069","/repositories/2/resources/4655"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2026.069","/repositories/2/resources/4655"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["J. Hoge Tyler family","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, Sue Hammet, 1845-1927","Lily Tyler Wilson family","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Stockton Heth Tyler family"],"creator_ssim":["J. Hoge Tyler family","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, Sue Hammet, 1845-1927","Lily Tyler Wilson family","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Stockton Heth Tyler family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, Sue Hammet, 1845-1927","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creator_famname_ssim":["J. Hoge Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Lily Tyler Wilson family","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Stockton Heth Tyler family"],"creators_ssim":["Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, Sue Hammet, 1845-1927","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","J. Hoge Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Lily Tyler Wilson family","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Stockton Heth Tyler family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 2026."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Politicians -- United States","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Hoge Tyler (1846-1925), Virginia governor from 1898 to 1902, was born in Caroline County, Virginia in 1846. He was the son of George and Eliza Hoge Tyler but was reared by his grandparents, James and Eleanor Howe Hoge, in Pulaski County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyler joined the Confederate army and served as a private in the Signal Corps throughout the Civil War. After the war, he returned to Pulaski County, where he had inherited the Hoge farm. He renamed the farm \"Belle Hampton\" and become a successful farmer and businessman. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyler married Sue Montgomery Hammet (1845-1927) in 1868. While living at Belle Hampton, the Tylers had eight children: Edward H., James H. Jr., Stockton Heth, Lucy Belle, Sue H., Henry C. (\"Hal\"), Eliza (\"Lily\") and Eleanor Howe Tyler (died in infancy). In 1891, the family moved to \"Halwick,\" their home in Radford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyler was elected to the state senate in 1877 and served one term. He also served on the board of visitors and as rector of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University). He served as Virginia's lieutenant governor 1890 to 1894 and as governor from 1898 to 1902. Tyler remained  somewhat active in state politics in his later years and also served as food administrator for Radford and Montgomery County during World War I.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEldest child of James H. and Sue Hammet Tyler, Edward Hammet (\"Ned\") Tyler (1869-1939) graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. He  managed the family farm at Belle Hampton and also owned Kirkland Farm near Dublin (Pulaski County), Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Hoge Tyler Jr. (1871-1937) attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and graduated from Hampden-Sidney College. He worked in the governor's office during his father's administration and later for the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company. He married Evelyn Gray Bell (1879-1924) in 1908, and the couple lived in Roanoke. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStockton Heth Tyler (1874-1943) was a graduate of the Washington and Lee School of Law. During the Spanish-American War, he was a major in the U. S. Army, serving as an additional paymaster. He married Nelle Louise Serpell in 1904; the couple had five children. Tyler served as mayor of Norfolk, Virginia from 1924 to 1932. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLucy Belle Norwood Tyler (1876-1955) married Colonel Frank Percy McConnell (1870-1941) in 1908. The couple, with their son, James Hoge Tyler McConnell, lived in Fort Smith, Arkansas, where Frank McConnell was engaged in several business enterprises, before returning by 1927 to Radford. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSue Hampton Tyler (1877-1949) married Rev. Robert Ware Jopling (1865-1944), a Presbyterian minister, in 1915. The couple had two children, Sue Tyler and James Robert Jopling, and resided in Texas and South Carolina. Following her husband's death, Sue Jopling made her home in Norfolk, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Clement (\"Hal\") Tyler (1878-1941) graduated from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1901. He established a law practice in Radford, where he was appointed commonwealth attorney in 1906. He continued in that position through successive elections until 1922. In 1909, he was elected city attorney and served in that position until his death. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1924 to 1925. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKnown to her family and friends as \"Lily,\" Eliza Lillian Tyler (1882-1974) married Henry Harrison Wilson (1882-1933) in 1915. The Wilsons eventually made their home in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and had three children: James Hoge Tyler (1916-1994), Lily Norwood (1919-2008), and Henry Harrison Wilson II (1923-2016). Following her husband's death, Lily Wilson returned to Virginia and by 1948 was living at the Tyler family home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore detailed biographical information on the J. Hoge Tyler family may be found in the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv00220.xml\"\u003eJ. Hoge Tyler Family Collection, Ms1967-002\u003c/a\u003e.)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Hoge Tyler (1846-1925), Virginia governor from 1898 to 1902, was born in Caroline County, Virginia in 1846. He was the son of George and Eliza Hoge Tyler but was reared by his grandparents, James and Eleanor Howe Hoge, in Pulaski County, Virginia.","Tyler joined the Confederate army and served as a private in the Signal Corps throughout the Civil War. After the war, he returned to Pulaski County, where he had inherited the Hoge farm. He renamed the farm \"Belle Hampton\" and become a successful farmer and businessman.","Tyler married Sue Montgomery Hammet (1845-1927) in 1868. While living at Belle Hampton, the Tylers had eight children: Edward H., James H. Jr., Stockton Heth, Lucy Belle, Sue H., Henry C. (\"Hal\"), Eliza (\"Lily\") and Eleanor Howe Tyler (died in infancy). In 1891, the family moved to \"Halwick,\" their home in Radford.","Tyler was elected to the state senate in 1877 and served one term. He also served on the board of visitors and as rector of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University). He served as Virginia's lieutenant governor 1890 to 1894 and as governor from 1898 to 1902. Tyler remained  somewhat active in state politics in his later years and also served as food administrator for Radford and Montgomery County during World War I.","Eldest child of James H. and Sue Hammet Tyler, Edward Hammet (\"Ned\") Tyler (1869-1939) graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. He  managed the family farm at Belle Hampton and also owned Kirkland Farm near Dublin (Pulaski County), Virginia.","James Hoge Tyler Jr. (1871-1937) attended Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and graduated from Hampden-Sidney College. He worked in the governor's office during his father's administration and later for the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company. He married Evelyn Gray Bell (1879-1924) in 1908, and the couple lived in Roanoke.","Stockton Heth Tyler (1874-1943) was a graduate of the Washington and Lee School of Law. During the Spanish-American War, he was a major in the U. S. Army, serving as an additional paymaster. He married Nelle Louise Serpell in 1904; the couple had five children. Tyler served as mayor of Norfolk, Virginia from 1924 to 1932.","Lucy Belle Norwood Tyler (1876-1955) married Colonel Frank Percy McConnell (1870-1941) in 1908. The couple, with their son, James Hoge Tyler McConnell, lived in Fort Smith, Arkansas, where Frank McConnell was engaged in several business enterprises, before returning by 1927 to Radford.","Sue Hampton Tyler (1877-1949) married Rev. Robert Ware Jopling (1865-1944), a Presbyterian minister, in 1915. The couple had two children, Sue Tyler and James Robert Jopling, and resided in Texas and South Carolina. Following her husband's death, Sue Jopling made her home in Norfolk, Virginia.","Henry Clement (\"Hal\") Tyler (1878-1941) graduated from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1901. He established a law practice in Radford, where he was appointed commonwealth attorney in 1906. He continued in that position through successive elections until 1922. In 1909, he was elected city attorney and served in that position until his death. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1924 to 1925.","Known to her family and friends as \"Lily,\" Eliza Lillian Tyler (1882-1974) married Henry Harrison Wilson (1882-1933) in 1915. The Wilsons eventually made their home in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and had three children: James Hoge Tyler (1916-1994), Lily Norwood (1919-2008), and Henry Harrison Wilson II (1923-2016). Following her husband's death, Lily Wilson returned to Virginia and by 1948 was living at the Tyler family home.","More detailed biographical information on the J. Hoge Tyler family may be found in the J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection, Ms1967-002.)"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers, Ms2026-069, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers, Ms2026-069, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers commenced and was completed in July, 2026.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Tyler-McConnell-Wilson Family Papers commenced and was completed in July, 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also the finding aid for the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1239.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eJ. Hoge Tyler Family Collection, Ms1967-002\u003c/a\u003e and the \u003ca target=\"blank\" href=\"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3191\"\u003eTyler-Wilson Family Papers, Ms2017-014\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also the finding aid for the J. Hoge Tyler Family Collection, Ms1967-002 and the Tyler-Wilson Family Papers, Ms2017-014."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains correspondence and ephemera of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler; his wife Sue Hammet Tyler; several of their children (Lucy Belle Norwood Tyler McConnell, Henry Clement (\"Hal\") Tyler, James Hoge Tyler Jr., Stockton Heth Tyler, and Lily Tyler Wilson); and grandchild Lily Norwood Wilson. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMuch of the collection consists of postcards addressed to various family members. A few of these are illustrated greeting cards for Christmas and Easter. Others show images of West Side School (Johnson City, Tennessee), Watts Hall and Spence Library at Union Theological Seminary, Roanoke Country Club, and the cafe-bar at Hotel Martinique, New York City. Also included in the correspondence is a letter of sympathy from William Sulzer following the death of J. Hoge Tyler; a letter from C. F. Ward of Roanoke, regarding a case against Eli Sohn and expressing anti-Semetic sentiments; a letter from the Virginia Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans, inviting (Lucy) Belle Tyler to appear at an upcoming reunion as maid of honor to the 9th Congressional District sponsor; a letter from J. H. Hoge regarding repairs to the grave of Col. Jospeh Tyler; letters from the Clapp Stove Company regarding goods purchased by J. Hoge Tyler; and a letter from O. Bence Ross, an army trainee at Ft. Thomas, Kentucky, to Mrs. H. E. McDonald of Roanoke. (The relationship of Ross or McDonald, if any, to the Tylers is unknown.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral pieces of ephemera, consisting largely of commercial promotional materials, complete the collection. Included are materials promoting Leonard's White-tipped Scarlet Turnip Radish / Jones Mercantile Co. (East Radford, Virginia); Red Cross Shoe / Johnson Bros. (Radford, Virginia); Armstrong Manufacturing Company (Huntington, West Virginia); and Crown Sea Food Company (Gloucester, Massachusetts). Also included are two invitations to events connected to the 300th anniversary celebration of the founding of Jamestown, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains correspondence and ephemera of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler; his wife Sue Hammet Tyler; several of their children (Lucy Belle Norwood Tyler McConnell, Henry Clement (\"Hal\") Tyler, James Hoge Tyler Jr., Stockton Heth Tyler, and Lily Tyler Wilson); and grandchild Lily Norwood Wilson.","Much of the collection consists of postcards addressed to various family members. A few of these are illustrated greeting cards for Christmas and Easter. Others show images of West Side School (Johnson City, Tennessee), Watts Hall and Spence Library at Union Theological Seminary, Roanoke Country Club, and the cafe-bar at Hotel Martinique, New York City. Also included in the correspondence is a letter of sympathy from William Sulzer following the death of J. Hoge Tyler; a letter from C. F. Ward of Roanoke, regarding a case against Eli Sohn and expressing anti-Semetic sentiments; a letter from the Virginia Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans, inviting (Lucy) Belle Tyler to appear at an upcoming reunion as maid of honor to the 9th Congressional District sponsor; a letter from J. H. Hoge regarding repairs to the grave of Col. Jospeh Tyler; letters from the Clapp Stove Company regarding goods purchased by J. Hoge Tyler; and a letter from O. Bence Ross, an army trainee at Ft. Thomas, Kentucky, to Mrs. H. E. McDonald of Roanoke. (The relationship of Ross or McDonald, if any, to the Tylers is unknown.)","Several pieces of ephemera, consisting largely of commercial promotional materials, complete the collection. Included are materials promoting Leonard's White-tipped Scarlet Turnip Radish / Jones Mercantile Co. (East Radford, Virginia); Red Cross Shoe / Johnson Bros. (Radford, Virginia); Armstrong Manufacturing Company (Huntington, West Virginia); and Crown Sea Food Company (Gloucester, Massachusetts). Also included are two invitations to events connected to the 300th anniversary celebration of the founding of Jamestown, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0def48557e0bbe62acf6e15d307c71ce\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence (consisting largely of postcards between family members), advertising ephemera, and invitations of the family of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence (consisting largely of postcards between family members), advertising ephemera, and invitations of the family of Virginia Governor James Hoge Tyler."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"famname_ssim":["J. Hoge Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Lily Tyler Wilson family","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Stockton Heth Tyler family"],"persname_ssim":["Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, Sue Hammet, 1845-1927","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","J. Hoge Tyler family","Belle Tyler McConnell family","Lily Tyler Wilson family","J. Hoge Tyler, Jr. family","Stockton Heth Tyler family","Tyler, James Hoge, 1846-1925","Tyler, Henry C. (Hal) (Henry Clement), 1878-1941","Tyler, Sue Hammet, 1845-1927","Tyler, Edward H. (Edward Hammet), 1869-1939"],"language_ssim":["The contents of this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:33:12.556Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4655"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","value":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","hits":26},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Politicians+--+United+States\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"West Virginia and Regional History Center","value":"West Virginia and Regional History Center","hits":68},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Politicians+--+United+States\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=West+Virginia+and+Regional+History+Center"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Politicians+--+United+States\u0026facet.page=4"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Albert Blakeslee White (1856-1941) Papers, 1888/1929","value":"Albert Blakeslee White (1856-1941) Papers, 1888/1929","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Politicians+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Albert+Blakeslee+White+%281856-1941%29+Papers%2C+1888%2F1929"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Andrew Johnson Check, 1868","value":"Andrew Johnson Check, 1868","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Politicians+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Andrew+Johnson+Check%2C+1868"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Aretas Brooks Fleming (1839-1923) Papers, 1784/1924","value":"Aretas Brooks Fleming (1839-1923) Papers, 1784/1924","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Politicians+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Aretas+Brooks+Fleming+%281839-1923%29+Papers%2C+1784%2F1924"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Aretas Brooks Fleming (1839-1923) Papers, 1880/1905","value":"Aretas Brooks Fleming (1839-1923) Papers, 1880/1905","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Politicians+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Aretas+Brooks+Fleming+%281839-1923%29+Papers%2C+1880%2F1905"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Aretas Brooks Fleming Papers, 1784/1924","value":"Aretas Brooks Fleming Papers, 1784/1924","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Politicians+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Aretas+Brooks+Fleming+Papers%2C+1784%2F1924"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Arthur I. 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