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Verkuil Papers","Certificates","Diplomas","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Collection is open to all researchers.","Paul R. Verkuil was the twenty-fourth president of the College of William and Mary, serving from July 1, 1985 until his resignation, effective January 7, 1992. Melvyn D. Schiavelli acted as interim president after Verkuil's resignation until Timothy J. Sullivan accepted the position. Verkuil's immediate predecessor as president was Thomas Ashley Graves, Jr. and interim president George R. Healy.","Verkuil attended William and Mary, graduating in 1961 with a degree in English literature. After serving in the United States Army, he earned his law dregree from the University of Virginia in 1967, a master's in law in 1969 from New York University, a masters in political science and economics from the New School for Social Research in 1971, and a doctorate in judicial science in 1972 from New York University. Before his return to Williamsburg, Verkuil was a law professor at the University of North Carolina from 1971 to 1977 and dean of the law school at Tulane University from 1978 to 1983. He has been a visiting professor at Duke University, the University of Indiana, Columbia University, and the University of Pennsylvania, as well as dean and professor at the Benjamin N. Cardozo Law School of Yeshiva University and interim Dean of Law at the University of Miami.","An author of more than 60 articles on public law, Verkuil has also written several books, including Administrative Law and Process (Foundation Press, 4th ed.2004), Regulation and Deregulation (West Group, 2nd ed.2004), and Outsourcing Sovereignty: How Privatization of Government Functions Threatens Democracy And What We Can Do About It (Cambridge University Press, 2007). 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These items include: William \u0026 Mary Virginia License Plate (UA 2014.202.01), Pi Lambda Phi Gavel (UA 2014.202.02), and Carter O. Lowance Fellow in Public Service Award of Paul R. Verkuil (UA 2014.202.03).","This collection contains awards, diplomas, certificates and other material related to Paul R. Verkuil, who served as President of the College of William \u0026 Mary from 1985-1992. Included in the papers are Verkuil's bachelor's degree from William and Mary, a congratulatory letter to Verkuil from Robert F. Kennedy, a photograph of Verkuil with Warren E. Burger, Chancellor of William and Mary, and his law degree from the University of Virginia.","Artifacts from this collection have been separated out and are now found in the University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13). These items include: William \u0026 Mary Virginia License Plate (UA 2014.202.01), Pi Lambda Phi Gavel (UA 2014.202.02), and Carter O. Lowance Fellow in Public Service Award of Paul R. 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He served as a chairman on the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and a member of the White House Council on Small Business. From 1992 to 1995, he was the CEO of the American Automobile Association (AAA). He was also Special Master to the U.S. Supreme Court on the New Jersey v. New York case concerning the soverignty of Ellis Island."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul R. Verkuil Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Paul R. 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Verkuil (UA 2014.202.03)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Verkuil, Paul R.","Verkuil, Paul R","Burger, Warren E., 1907-1995"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Verkuil, Paul R","Burger, Warren E., 1907-1995"],"persname_ssim":["Verkuil, Paul R.","Verkuil, Paul R","Burger, Warren E., 1907-1995"],"language_ssim":["English Latin"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:12:41.765Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2964","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2964","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2964","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2964","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2964.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Verkuil, Paul R. 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He was also Special Master to the U.S. Supreme Court on the New Jersey v. New York case concerning the soverignty of Ellis Island.","Accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in March 2015.","Office of the President. Paul R. Verkuil Records (UA 2.17)."," Artifacts from this collection have been separated out and are now found in the University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13). These items include: William \u0026 Mary Virginia License Plate (UA 2014.202.01), Pi Lambda Phi Gavel (UA 2014.202.02), and Carter O. Lowance Fellow in Public Service Award of Paul R. Verkuil (UA 2014.202.03).","This collection contains awards, diplomas, certificates and other material related to Paul R. Verkuil, who served as President of the College of William \u0026 Mary from 1985-1992. Included in the papers are Verkuil's bachelor's degree from William and Mary, a congratulatory letter to Verkuil from Robert F. Kennedy, a photograph of Verkuil with Warren E. Burger, Chancellor of William and Mary, and his law degree from the University of Virginia.","Artifacts from this collection have been separated out and are now found in the University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13). These items include: William \u0026 Mary Virginia License Plate (UA 2014.202.01), Pi Lambda Phi Gavel (UA 2014.202.02), and Carter O. Lowance Fellow in Public Service Award of Paul R. Verkuil (UA 2014.202.03).","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Verkuil, Paul R.","Verkuil, Paul R","Burger, Warren E., 1907-1995","English Latin"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 2.25","/repositories/2/resources/2964"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Paul R. Verkuil Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Paul R. Verkuil Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Paul R. 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Verkuil Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in March 2015.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in March 2015."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOffice of the President. Paul R. Verkuil Records (UA 2.17).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Artifacts from this collection have been separated out and are now found in the University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13). These items include: William \u0026amp; Mary Virginia License Plate (UA 2014.202.01), Pi Lambda Phi Gavel (UA 2014.202.02), and Carter O. Lowance Fellow in Public Service Award of Paul R. 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Burger, Chancellor of William and Mary, and his law degree from the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains awards, diplomas, certificates and other material related to Paul R. Verkuil, who served as President of the College of William \u0026 Mary from 1985-1992. Included in the papers are Verkuil's bachelor's degree from William and Mary, a congratulatory letter to Verkuil from Robert F. Kennedy, a photograph of Verkuil with Warren E. Burger, Chancellor of William and Mary, and his law degree from the University of Virginia."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArtifacts from this collection have been separated out and are now found in the University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13). These items include: William \u0026amp; Mary Virginia License Plate (UA 2014.202.01), Pi Lambda Phi Gavel (UA 2014.202.02), and Carter O. Lowance Fellow in Public Service Award of Paul R. Verkuil (UA 2014.202.03).\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials:"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Artifacts from this collection have been separated out and are now found in the University Archives Artifact Collection (UA 13). These items include: William \u0026 Mary Virginia License Plate (UA 2014.202.01), Pi Lambda Phi Gavel (UA 2014.202.02), and Carter O. Lowance Fellow in Public Service Award of Paul R. Verkuil (UA 2014.202.03)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Verkuil, Paul R.","Verkuil, Paul R","Burger, Warren E., 1907-1995"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Verkuil, Paul R","Burger, Warren E., 1907-1995"],"persname_ssim":["Verkuil, Paul R.","Verkuil, Paul R","Burger, Warren E., 1907-1995"],"language_ssim":["English Latin"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:12:41.765Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2964"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_734","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Performing arts promotional ephemera and photographs","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_734#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Di Bonaventura, Sam","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_734#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Promotional ephemera and photographs for opera, ballet, and musical performances.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_734#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_734","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_734","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_734","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_734","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_734.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Performing arts promotional ephemera and photographs","title_ssm":["Performing arts promotional ephemera and photographs"],"title_tesim":["Performing arts promotional ephemera and photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["1941, 1977, circa 1980s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941, 1977, circa 1980s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0442","/repositories/2/resources/734"],"text":["C0442","/repositories/2/resources/734","Performing arts promotional ephemera and photographs","New York (N.Y.) ","Philadelphia (Pa.)","Seattle (Wash.)","Miami (Fla.)","Ballet","Music","Opera","Performing arts","Photographs","Therea are no access restrictions.","The collection is arranged by location, material type, and function.","\"About PBS: Mission \u0026 Values.\" n.d. PBS. Accessed January 29, 2025. https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/.","\"Lincoln Center.\" 2025. In  Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_Center\u0026oldid=1270427585.","\"Live from Lincoln Center.\" 2024. In  Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Live_from_Lincoln_Center\u0026oldid=1258522508.","\"PBS.\" 2025. In  Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PBS\u0026oldid=1272484814.","Founded in 1969, the Public Broadcasting Service, more commonly known as PBS, is a private, nonprofit corporation and a provider of educational and non-commercial programs to public television stations across the United States. Programming includes news programs, documentaries, international and original scripted television, children's programs, and broadcasts of music, theatre, and dance performances. \"Live from Lincoln Center,\" which began airing in 1976, broadcast performances from the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts complex in New York City. Consisting of thirty indoor and outdoor facilities, Lincoln Center is home to several internationally recognized performing arts organizations such as the New York Philharmonic, the Metropolitan Opera, and the New York City Ballet.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2024. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in January 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other  performing arts  collections, such as the  Mary Lavigne programs collection  and  Barbara Lustbader New York City playbills collection . It also holds the  Sam di Bonaventura papers.","Promotional ephemera and photographs for opera, ballet, and musical performances. Photographs are primarily promotional images for PBS broadcasts of \"Live from Lincoln Center\" and \"A Lincoln Center Special\" performances, \"A Celebration for Handel and Bach\" PBS/Philadelphia Singers, productions at the Seattle Opera and the Greater Miami Opera, and general promotional headshots. Ephemera primarily includes promotional materials, such as flyers and press releases, for opera and concert performances including PBS broadcasts of \"Live from Lincoln Center\" and performances at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts and Carnegie Hall. Additional materials include general periodical clippings and promotional materials for individual artists and companies.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Promotional ephemera and photographs for opera, ballet, and musical performances.","R 73, C 3, S 3","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts (U.S.)","Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts","Di Bonaventura, Sam","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["C0442","/repositories/2/resources/734"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Performing arts promotional ephemera and photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["Performing arts promotional ephemera and photographs"],"collection_ssim":["Performing arts promotional ephemera and photographs"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["New York (N.Y.) 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","Philadelphia (Pa.)","Seattle (Wash.)","Miami (Fla.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Sam di Bonaventura."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ballet","Music","Opera","Performing arts","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ballet","Music","Opera","Performing arts","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTherea are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Therea are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by location, material type, and function.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by location, material type, and function."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"About PBS: Mission \u0026amp; Values.\" n.d. PBS. Accessed January 29, 2025. https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Lincoln Center.\" 2025. In \u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_Center\u0026amp;oldid=1270427585.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Live from Lincoln Center.\" 2024. In \u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Live_from_Lincoln_Center\u0026amp;oldid=1258522508.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"PBS.\" 2025. In \u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PBS\u0026amp;oldid=1272484814.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"About PBS: Mission \u0026 Values.\" n.d. PBS. Accessed January 29, 2025. https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/.","\"Lincoln Center.\" 2025. In  Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_Center\u0026oldid=1270427585.","\"Live from Lincoln Center.\" 2024. In  Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Live_from_Lincoln_Center\u0026oldid=1258522508.","\"PBS.\" 2025. In  Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PBS\u0026oldid=1272484814."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1969, the Public Broadcasting Service, more commonly known as PBS, is a private, nonprofit corporation and a provider of educational and non-commercial programs to public television stations across the United States. Programming includes news programs, documentaries, international and original scripted television, children's programs, and broadcasts of music, theatre, and dance performances. \"Live from Lincoln Center,\" which began airing in 1976, broadcast performances from the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts complex in New York City. Consisting of thirty indoor and outdoor facilities, Lincoln Center is home to several internationally recognized performing arts organizations such as the New York Philharmonic, the Metropolitan Opera, and the New York City Ballet.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded in 1969, the Public Broadcasting Service, more commonly known as PBS, is a private, nonprofit corporation and a provider of educational and non-commercial programs to public television stations across the United States. Programming includes news programs, documentaries, international and original scripted television, children's programs, and broadcasts of music, theatre, and dance performances. \"Live from Lincoln Center,\" which began airing in 1976, broadcast performances from the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts complex in New York City. 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Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in January 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/1285?\u0026amp;page=1\"\u003eperforming arts\u003c/a\u003e collections, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/691\"\u003eMary Lavigne programs collection\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/664\"\u003eBarbara Lustbader New York City playbills collection\u003c/a\u003e. It also holds the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0070\"\u003eSam di Bonaventura papers.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other  performing arts  collections, such as the  Mary Lavigne programs collection  and  Barbara Lustbader New York City playbills collection . It also holds the  Sam di Bonaventura papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePromotional ephemera and photographs for opera, ballet, and musical performances. Photographs are primarily promotional images for PBS broadcasts of \"Live from Lincoln Center\" and \"A Lincoln Center Special\" performances, \"A Celebration for Handel and Bach\" PBS/Philadelphia Singers, productions at the Seattle Opera and the Greater Miami Opera, and general promotional headshots. Ephemera primarily includes promotional materials, such as flyers and press releases, for opera and concert performances including PBS broadcasts of \"Live from Lincoln Center\" and performances at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts and Carnegie Hall. Additional materials include general periodical clippings and promotional materials for individual artists and companies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Promotional ephemera and photographs for opera, ballet, and musical performances. Photographs are primarily promotional images for PBS broadcasts of \"Live from Lincoln Center\" and \"A Lincoln Center Special\" performances, \"A Celebration for Handel and Bach\" PBS/Philadelphia Singers, productions at the Seattle Opera and the Greater Miami Opera, and general promotional headshots. Ephemera primarily includes promotional materials, such as flyers and press releases, for opera and concert performances including PBS broadcasts of \"Live from Lincoln Center\" and performances at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts and Carnegie Hall. Additional materials include general periodical clippings and promotional materials for individual artists and companies."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6431ae904a6d5fbb51f7c7294db869b7\"\u003ePromotional ephemera and photographs for opera, ballet, and musical performances.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Promotional ephemera and photographs for opera, ballet, and musical performances."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ccd6f74868e89f374de1d1c0c85233e0\"\u003eR 73, C 3, S 3\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 73, C 3, S 3"],"names_coll_ssim":["John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts (U.S.)","Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts","Di Bonaventura, Sam"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts (U.S.)","Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts","Di Bonaventura, Sam"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts (U.S.)","Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts"],"persname_ssim":["Di Bonaventura, Sam"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:39:33.510Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_734","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_734","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_734","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_734","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_734.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Performing arts promotional ephemera and photographs","title_ssm":["Performing arts promotional ephemera and photographs"],"title_tesim":["Performing arts promotional ephemera and photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["1941, 1977, circa 1980s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1941, 1977, circa 1980s"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0442","/repositories/2/resources/734"],"text":["C0442","/repositories/2/resources/734","Performing arts promotional ephemera and photographs","New York (N.Y.) ","Philadelphia (Pa.)","Seattle (Wash.)","Miami (Fla.)","Ballet","Music","Opera","Performing arts","Photographs","Therea are no access restrictions.","The collection is arranged by location, material type, and function.","\"About PBS: Mission \u0026 Values.\" n.d. PBS. Accessed January 29, 2025. https://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/mission-values/.","\"Lincoln Center.\" 2025. In  Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_Center\u0026oldid=1270427585.","\"Live from Lincoln Center.\" 2024. In  Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Live_from_Lincoln_Center\u0026oldid=1258522508.","\"PBS.\" 2025. In  Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PBS\u0026oldid=1272484814.","Founded in 1969, the Public Broadcasting Service, more commonly known as PBS, is a private, nonprofit corporation and a provider of educational and non-commercial programs to public television stations across the United States. Programming includes news programs, documentaries, international and original scripted television, children's programs, and broadcasts of music, theatre, and dance performances. \"Live from Lincoln Center,\" which began airing in 1976, broadcast performances from the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts complex in New York City. Consisting of thirty indoor and outdoor facilities, Lincoln Center is home to several internationally recognized performing arts organizations such as the New York Philharmonic, the Metropolitan Opera, and the New York City Ballet.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2024. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in January 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other  performing arts  collections, such as the  Mary Lavigne programs collection  and  Barbara Lustbader New York City playbills collection . 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Consisting of thirty indoor and outdoor facilities, Lincoln Center is home to several internationally recognized performing arts organizations such as the New York Philharmonic, the Metropolitan Opera, and the New York City Ballet.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded in 1969, the Public Broadcasting Service, more commonly known as PBS, is a private, nonprofit corporation and a provider of educational and non-commercial programs to public television stations across the United States. Programming includes news programs, documentaries, international and original scripted television, children's programs, and broadcasts of music, theatre, and dance performances. \"Live from Lincoln Center,\" which began airing in 1976, broadcast performances from the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts complex in New York City. Consisting of thirty indoor and outdoor facilities, Lincoln Center is home to several internationally recognized performing arts organizations such as the New York Philharmonic, the Metropolitan Opera, and the New York City Ballet."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePerforming arts promotional ephemera and photographs, C0442, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Performing arts promotional ephemera and photographs, C0442, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2024. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in January 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2024. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in January 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/1285?\u0026amp;page=1\"\u003eperforming arts\u003c/a\u003e collections, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/691\"\u003eMary Lavigne programs collection\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/664\"\u003eBarbara Lustbader New York City playbills collection\u003c/a\u003e. It also holds the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0070\"\u003eSam di Bonaventura papers.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other  performing arts  collections, such as the  Mary Lavigne programs collection  and  Barbara Lustbader New York City playbills collection . It also holds the  Sam di Bonaventura papers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePromotional ephemera and photographs for opera, ballet, and musical performances. Photographs are primarily promotional images for PBS broadcasts of \"Live from Lincoln Center\" and \"A Lincoln Center Special\" performances, \"A Celebration for Handel and Bach\" PBS/Philadelphia Singers, productions at the Seattle Opera and the Greater Miami Opera, and general promotional headshots. Ephemera primarily includes promotional materials, such as flyers and press releases, for opera and concert performances including PBS broadcasts of \"Live from Lincoln Center\" and performances at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts and Carnegie Hall. Additional materials include general periodical clippings and promotional materials for individual artists and companies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Promotional ephemera and photographs for opera, ballet, and musical performances. Photographs are primarily promotional images for PBS broadcasts of \"Live from Lincoln Center\" and \"A Lincoln Center Special\" performances, \"A Celebration for Handel and Bach\" PBS/Philadelphia Singers, productions at the Seattle Opera and the Greater Miami Opera, and general promotional headshots. Ephemera primarily includes promotional materials, such as flyers and press releases, for opera and concert performances including PBS broadcasts of \"Live from Lincoln Center\" and performances at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts and Carnegie Hall. Additional materials include general periodical clippings and promotional materials for individual artists and companies."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6431ae904a6d5fbb51f7c7294db869b7\"\u003ePromotional ephemera and photographs for opera, ballet, and musical performances.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Promotional ephemera and photographs for opera, ballet, and musical performances."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ccd6f74868e89f374de1d1c0c85233e0\"\u003eR 73, C 3, S 3\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 73, C 3, S 3"],"names_coll_ssim":["John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts (U.S.)","Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts","Di Bonaventura, Sam"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts (U.S.)","Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts","Di Bonaventura, Sam"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts (U.S.)","Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts"],"persname_ssim":["Di Bonaventura, Sam"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:39:33.510Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_734"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8734","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Person Family papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8734#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains papers ranging in date from 1872 to 2002 documenting the Person family. Materials includes account books including those of both Charles Person and William Person, Sr. Other papers and photographsd illustrate family life in the city of Williamsburg, Virginia in the early-to-mid 1900s. Artifacts, including fans, Williamsburg Laundry thermometer and a charcoal drawing of a residence are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8734#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8734","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8734","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8734","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8734","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8734.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Person Family papers","title_ssm":["Person Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Person Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1872-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1872-2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS ACC 2005.56","/repositories/2/resources/8734"],"text":["MSS ACC 2005.56","/repositories/2/resources/8734","Person Family papers","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Matthew Whaley School (Williamsburg, Va.)","Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Photographs","Playbills","Printed ephemera","Programs","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collections is currenlty being processed. Please consult SCRC staff for more infornmation.","Williamsburg, Virginia resident in the early to mid-twentieth century.","The collection contains papers ranging in date from 1872 to 2002 documenting the Person family. Materials includes account books including those of both Charles Person and William Person, Sr. Other papers and photographsd illustrate family life in the city of Williamsburg, Virginia in the early-to-mid 1900s.  Artifacts, including fans, Williamsburg Laundry thermometer and a charcoal drawing of a residence are also included.","Box 5 (oversize) includes material from the addition 2006.44:","November 23, 1987 Commonwealth's Attorney certificate for William L. Person, Jr.","Photograph of \"Emily getting out of Carriage\" in front of the Governor's Palace and beside a tour bus, Peninsula Lines.  undated.","High School graduation photograph in front of Matthew Whaley.  Undated.  (3 copies).","Photographs of two women together, a cannon in the Wren Yard and a basketball team of women, holding a ball, \"Champions, 1818-19.\"","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Reunion (Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS ACC 2005.56","/repositories/2/resources/8734"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Person Family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Person Family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Person Family papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift in 2005 and 2006."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Matthew Whaley School (Williamsburg, Va.)","Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Photographs","Playbills","Printed ephemera","Programs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Matthew Whaley School (Williamsburg, Va.)","Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Photographs","Playbills","Printed ephemera","Programs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.50 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Photographs","Playbills","Printed ephemera","Programs"],"date_range_isim":[1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collections is currenlty being processed. Please consult SCRC staff for more infornmation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collections is currenlty being processed. Please consult SCRC staff for more infornmation."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliamsburg, Virginia resident in the early to mid-twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Williamsburg, Virginia resident in the early to mid-twentieth century."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePerson Family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Person Family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains papers ranging in date from 1872 to 2002 documenting the Person family. Materials includes account books including those of both Charles Person and William Person, Sr. Other papers and photographsd illustrate family life in the city of Williamsburg, Virginia in the early-to-mid 1900s.  Artifacts, including fans, Williamsburg Laundry thermometer and a charcoal drawing of a residence are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBox 5 (oversize) includes material from the addition 2006.44:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 23, 1987 Commonwealth's Attorney certificate for William L. Person, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of \"Emily getting out of Carriage\" in front of the Governor's Palace and beside a tour bus, Peninsula Lines.  undated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHigh School graduation photograph in front of Matthew Whaley.  Undated.  (3 copies).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of two women together, a cannon in the Wren Yard and a basketball team of women, holding a ball, \"Champions, 1818-19.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains papers ranging in date from 1872 to 2002 documenting the Person family. Materials includes account books including those of both Charles Person and William Person, Sr. Other papers and photographsd illustrate family life in the city of Williamsburg, Virginia in the early-to-mid 1900s.  Artifacts, including fans, Williamsburg Laundry thermometer and a charcoal drawing of a residence are also included.","Box 5 (oversize) includes material from the addition 2006.44:","November 23, 1987 Commonwealth's Attorney certificate for William L. Person, Jr.","Photograph of \"Emily getting out of Carriage\" in front of the Governor's Palace and beside a tour bus, Peninsula Lines.  undated.","High School graduation photograph in front of Matthew Whaley.  Undated.  (3 copies).","Photographs of two women together, a cannon in the Wren Yard and a basketball team of women, holding a ball, \"Champions, 1818-19.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Williamsburg Reunion (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Reunion (Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Reunion (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":138,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:30:30.187Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8734","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8734","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8734","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8734","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8734.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Person Family papers","title_ssm":["Person Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Person Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1872-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1872-2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS ACC 2005.56","/repositories/2/resources/8734"],"text":["MSS ACC 2005.56","/repositories/2/resources/8734","Person Family papers","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs","College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Matthew Whaley School (Williamsburg, Va.)","Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Photographs","Playbills","Printed ephemera","Programs","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collections is currenlty being processed. Please consult SCRC staff for more infornmation.","Williamsburg, Virginia resident in the early to mid-twentieth century.","The collection contains papers ranging in date from 1872 to 2002 documenting the Person family. Materials includes account books including those of both Charles Person and William Person, Sr. Other papers and photographsd illustrate family life in the city of Williamsburg, Virginia in the early-to-mid 1900s.  Artifacts, including fans, Williamsburg Laundry thermometer and a charcoal drawing of a residence are also included.","Box 5 (oversize) includes material from the addition 2006.44:","November 23, 1987 Commonwealth's Attorney certificate for William L. Person, Jr.","Photograph of \"Emily getting out of Carriage\" in front of the Governor's Palace and beside a tour bus, Peninsula Lines.  undated.","High School graduation photograph in front of Matthew Whaley.  Undated.  (3 copies).","Photographs of two women together, a cannon in the Wren Yard and a basketball team of women, holding a ball, \"Champions, 1818-19.\"","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Reunion (Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS ACC 2005.56","/repositories/2/resources/8734"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Person Family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Person Family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Person Family papers"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","Williamsburg (Va.)--Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift in 2005 and 2006."],"access_subjects_ssim":["College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Matthew Whaley School (Williamsburg, Va.)","Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Photographs","Playbills","Printed ephemera","Programs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["College of William and Mary--History--20th century","Matthew Whaley School (Williamsburg, Va.)","Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Photographs","Playbills","Printed ephemera","Programs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.50 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Correspondence","Diaries","Photographs","Playbills","Printed ephemera","Programs"],"date_range_isim":[1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collections is currenlty being processed. Please consult SCRC staff for more infornmation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collections is currenlty being processed. Please consult SCRC staff for more infornmation."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliamsburg, Virginia resident in the early to mid-twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Williamsburg, Virginia resident in the early to mid-twentieth century."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePerson Family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Person Family papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains papers ranging in date from 1872 to 2002 documenting the Person family. Materials includes account books including those of both Charles Person and William Person, Sr. Other papers and photographsd illustrate family life in the city of Williamsburg, Virginia in the early-to-mid 1900s.  Artifacts, including fans, Williamsburg Laundry thermometer and a charcoal drawing of a residence are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBox 5 (oversize) includes material from the addition 2006.44:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 23, 1987 Commonwealth's Attorney certificate for William L. Person, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of \"Emily getting out of Carriage\" in front of the Governor's Palace and beside a tour bus, Peninsula Lines.  undated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHigh School graduation photograph in front of Matthew Whaley.  Undated.  (3 copies).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of two women together, a cannon in the Wren Yard and a basketball team of women, holding a ball, \"Champions, 1818-19.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains papers ranging in date from 1872 to 2002 documenting the Person family. Materials includes account books including those of both Charles Person and William Person, Sr. Other papers and photographsd illustrate family life in the city of Williamsburg, Virginia in the early-to-mid 1900s.  Artifacts, including fans, Williamsburg Laundry thermometer and a charcoal drawing of a residence are also included.","Box 5 (oversize) includes material from the addition 2006.44:","November 23, 1987 Commonwealth's Attorney certificate for William L. Person, Jr.","Photograph of \"Emily getting out of Carriage\" in front of the Governor's Palace and beside a tour bus, Peninsula Lines.  undated.","High School graduation photograph in front of Matthew Whaley.  Undated.  (3 copies).","Photographs of two women together, a cannon in the Wren Yard and a basketball team of women, holding a ball, \"Champions, 1818-19.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Williamsburg Reunion (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Reunion (Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Williamsburg Reunion (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":138,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:30:30.187Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8734"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_664","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter scrapbooks","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_664#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_664#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Phi Mu Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, comprise 23 scrapbooks created by Phi Mu members that document the activities of the women's fraternity and include photographs with captions and printed ephemera.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_664#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_664","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_664","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_664","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_664","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_664.xml","title_ssm":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter scrapbooks"],"title_tesim":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter scrapbooks"],"unitdate_ssm":["1958-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1958-1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 0054","/repositories/4/resources/664"],"text":["UA 0054","/repositories/4/resources/664","Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter scrapbooks","Greek letter societies -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Student activities -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Blackface entertainers -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Printed Ephemera","Twenty-two of the twenty-three scrapbooks are open to research. At the donor's request and per the donor agreement, the 1981 scrapbook is restricted until August 25, 2041.","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Digital scans of the scrapbooks were created by a member of the Phi Mu alumni group prior to Special Collections taking custody of the materials. With the exception of the 1981 scrapbook which is restricted per the donor agreement, these scans are available to researchers upon request.","The scrapbooks are bound and are arranged chronologically.","The Schoolma'am, 1960. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.","Cremins, Ann, \"Disbanded: Phi Mu sorority decides to end university recognition,\" The Breeze, April 16, 1987, vol. 64, no. 51, pg. 3.","The Gamma Theta chapter of Phi Mu was officially installed on October 4, 1959. Members were initiated on January 1, 1960 and the group received its charter as the 82nd chapter of Phi Mu. Prior to that, beginning in the spring of 1958, the organization was a local fraternity, Delta Tau Alpha. Fraternity members resided in Lincoln House beginning in the fall of 1959 through circa 1963. Hoffman Hall opened in 1964 as the Panhellenic Dormitory and housed 164 fraternity members including Phi Mu. Phi Mu took up residence in Eagle Hall in the fall of 1973. Linda Silver of Suffolk, Virginia was a member of the spring 1973 pledge class and was likely the first African American woman to join Phi Mu, Gamma Theta Chapter. The character Pink Panther was the fraternity's unofficial mascot for a time as was a lion. Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity were big brothers to Phi Mu and are also documented in the scrapbooks. The chapter disbanded in 1987 due to a lack of members to occupy the Phi Mu house on Greek Row. The chapter was recolonized in 2010. While a women's organization, Phi Mu is officially designated as a fraternity, and not a sorority. Researchers will find that the two terms are used interchangeably throughout the collection material.","Files containing digitized images of the scrapbooks were securely copied from the USB drives supplied by the donor. The USB drives were subsequently discarded.","The Phi Mu Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, comprise 23 scrapbooks created by Phi Mu members that document the activities of the women's fraternity and include photographs with captions and printed ephemera. Each scrapbook is compiled according to either the academic or calendar year and is further arranged by month. Digital scans of the scrapbooks were created by a member of the Phi Mu alumni group prior to Special Collections taking custody of the materials.","The scrapbooks largely comprise captioned photographs of events, activities, members, rushees, general campus views, and student housing. Additional material include newspaper clippings documenting chapter and members news (Phi Mu in the News and engagement, wedding, and birth announcements), printed ephemera, Christmas cards, concert and theater programs, rush week calendars, Panhellenic handbooks (1967-1968, 1968-1969), bid invitation acceptances, and select issues of Phi Mu's monthly newsletter \"The Carnation.\"","The scrapbooks document all aspects of Phi Mu activities including membership, social events and parties, holiday gatherings, service projects and community outreach (Easter basket project, Hike for Hope, car washes, care packages), annual Founder's Day events (held in March), rush and initiation events (\"walking\" ceremonies), activities associated with pledging, senior parties, open house, slumber parties, Panhellenic picnics, banquets, national conventions, summer vacations and trips (Virginia Beach), Greek Week, Greek Sing, Parents Weekend, and Homecoming festivities. Among other local establishments, Phi Mu held off-campus events at Massanetta Springs, Belle Meade, Sheraton, Lloyd's Steak House, Ingelside, and Skatetown.","Photographs capturing incidents of blackface and other racist imagery are scattered throughout the scrapbooks, particularly in the context of rush events and social gatherings (Phi Mu Plantation, Old South, Native American, and Hawaiian luau themed parties). This type of imagery and corresponding descriptive captions are found in the following scrapbooks: 1961-1962, 1962-1963, 1965-1966, 1967-1968, 1968-1969, 1969-1970, 1978, 1979, and 1981 and potentially others.","Some scrapbooks exhibit evidence of adhesive failure where photographs or other pasted-in items are loose or have fallen out and are not extant. In other cases, photographs and pasted-in items appear to have been intentionally removed. Researchers should consult the digital scans of these scrapbooks as they are occasionally more complete than the physical scrapbooks.","The exterior covers of the scrapbooks are decorated variously with felt, miscellaneous cloth, wood, construction paper, terry, corduroy, and velvet/velour with a recurring theme of pink. The most recent scrapbooks are bound in magnetic page photograph albums. The contents of the 1978 scrapbook appear to have been rebound in a modern photo album.","Scrapbooks not represented in the collection are 1959-1960, 1975-1976, and 1980. The last and most recent scrapbook in the collection is 1984. It is unknown if the chapter produced scrapbooks between 1985 and 1987, when it disbanded.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Phi Mu Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, comprise 23 scrapbooks created by Phi Mu members that document the activities of the women's fraternity and include photographs with captions and printed ephemera.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter","Phi Mu Fraternity","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Students","James Madison University -- Students","Oliver, Diane M.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 0054","/repositories/4/resources/664"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter scrapbooks"],"collection_title_tesim":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter scrapbooks"],"collection_ssim":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter scrapbooks"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter","Oliver, Diane M."],"creator_ssim":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter","Oliver, Diane M."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Oliver, Diane M."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter"],"creators_ssim":["Oliver, Diane M.","Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated to Special Collections in August 2021 by Diane M. Oliver, Phi Mu alum."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Greek letter societies -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Student activities -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Blackface entertainers -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Printed Ephemera"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Greek letter societies -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Student activities -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Blackface entertainers -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Printed Ephemera"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.61 cubic feet 11 boxes","3.78 Gigabytes 1433 files"],"extent_tesim":["8.61 cubic feet 11 boxes","3.78 Gigabytes 1433 files"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Photographs","Printed Ephemera"],"date_range_isim":[1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwenty-two of the twenty-three scrapbooks are open to research. At the donor's request and per the donor agreement, the 1981 scrapbook is restricted until August 25, 2041.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Twenty-two of the twenty-three scrapbooks are open to research. At the donor's request and per the donor agreement, the 1981 scrapbook is restricted until August 25, 2041.","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital scans of the scrapbooks were created by a member of the Phi Mu alumni group prior to Special Collections taking custody of the materials. With the exception of the 1981 scrapbook which is restricted per the donor agreement, these scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital scans of the scrapbooks were created by a member of the Phi Mu alumni group prior to Special Collections taking custody of the materials. With the exception of the 1981 scrapbook which is restricted per the donor agreement, these scans are available to researchers upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbooks are bound and are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The scrapbooks are bound and are arranged chronologically."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eThe Schoolma'am, 1960. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCremins, Ann, \"Disbanded: Phi Mu sorority decides to end university recognition,\" The Breeze, April 16, 1987, vol. 64, no. 51, pg. 3.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["The Schoolma'am, 1960. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.","Cremins, Ann, \"Disbanded: Phi Mu sorority decides to end university recognition,\" The Breeze, April 16, 1987, vol. 64, no. 51, pg. 3."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Gamma Theta chapter of Phi Mu was officially installed on October 4, 1959. Members were initiated on January 1, 1960 and the group received its charter as the 82nd chapter of Phi Mu. Prior to that, beginning in the spring of 1958, the organization was a local fraternity, Delta Tau Alpha. Fraternity members resided in Lincoln House beginning in the fall of 1959 through circa 1963. Hoffman Hall opened in 1964 as the Panhellenic Dormitory and housed 164 fraternity members including Phi Mu. Phi Mu took up residence in Eagle Hall in the fall of 1973. Linda Silver of Suffolk, Virginia was a member of the spring 1973 pledge class and was likely the first African American woman to join Phi Mu, Gamma Theta Chapter. The character Pink Panther was the fraternity's unofficial mascot for a time as was a lion. Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity were big brothers to Phi Mu and are also documented in the scrapbooks. The chapter disbanded in 1987 due to a lack of members to occupy the Phi Mu house on Greek Row. The chapter was recolonized in 2010. While a women's organization, Phi Mu is officially designated as a fraternity, and not a sorority. Researchers will find that the two terms are used interchangeably throughout the collection material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Gamma Theta chapter of Phi Mu was officially installed on October 4, 1959. Members were initiated on January 1, 1960 and the group received its charter as the 82nd chapter of Phi Mu. Prior to that, beginning in the spring of 1958, the organization was a local fraternity, Delta Tau Alpha. Fraternity members resided in Lincoln House beginning in the fall of 1959 through circa 1963. Hoffman Hall opened in 1964 as the Panhellenic Dormitory and housed 164 fraternity members including Phi Mu. Phi Mu took up residence in Eagle Hall in the fall of 1973. Linda Silver of Suffolk, Virginia was a member of the spring 1973 pledge class and was likely the first African American woman to join Phi Mu, Gamma Theta Chapter. The character Pink Panther was the fraternity's unofficial mascot for a time as was a lion. Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity were big brothers to Phi Mu and are also documented in the scrapbooks. The chapter disbanded in 1987 due to a lack of members to occupy the Phi Mu house on Greek Row. The chapter was recolonized in 2010. While a women's organization, Phi Mu is officially designated as a fraternity, and not a sorority. Researchers will find that the two terms are used interchangeably throughout the collection material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, UA 0054, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, UA 0054, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFiles containing digitized images of the scrapbooks were securely copied from the USB drives supplied by the donor. The USB drives were subsequently discarded.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Files containing digitized images of the scrapbooks were securely copied from the USB drives supplied by the donor. The USB drives were subsequently discarded."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Phi Mu Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, comprise 23 scrapbooks created by Phi Mu members that document the activities of the women's fraternity and include photographs with captions and printed ephemera. Each scrapbook is compiled according to either the academic or calendar year and is further arranged by month. Digital scans of the scrapbooks were created by a member of the Phi Mu alumni group prior to Special Collections taking custody of the materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbooks largely comprise captioned photographs of events, activities, members, rushees, general campus views, and student housing. Additional material include newspaper clippings documenting chapter and members news (Phi Mu in the News and engagement, wedding, and birth announcements), printed ephemera, Christmas cards, concert and theater programs, rush week calendars, Panhellenic handbooks (1967-1968, 1968-1969), bid invitation acceptances, and select issues of Phi Mu's monthly newsletter \"The Carnation.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbooks document all aspects of Phi Mu activities including membership, social events and parties, holiday gatherings, service projects and community outreach (Easter basket project, Hike for Hope, car washes, care packages), annual Founder's Day events (held in March), rush and initiation events (\"walking\" ceremonies), activities associated with pledging, senior parties, open house, slumber parties, Panhellenic picnics, banquets, national conventions, summer vacations and trips (Virginia Beach), Greek Week, Greek Sing, Parents Weekend, and Homecoming festivities. Among other local establishments, Phi Mu held off-campus events at Massanetta Springs, Belle Meade, Sheraton, Lloyd's Steak House, Ingelside, and Skatetown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs capturing incidents of blackface and other racist imagery are scattered throughout the scrapbooks, particularly in the context of rush events and social gatherings (Phi Mu Plantation, Old South, Native American, and Hawaiian luau themed parties). This type of imagery and corresponding descriptive captions are found in the following scrapbooks: 1961-1962, 1962-1963, 1965-1966, 1967-1968, 1968-1969, 1969-1970, 1978, 1979, and 1981 and potentially others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome scrapbooks exhibit evidence of adhesive failure where photographs or other pasted-in items are loose or have fallen out and are not extant. In other cases, photographs and pasted-in items appear to have been intentionally removed. Researchers should consult the digital scans of these scrapbooks as they are occasionally more complete than the physical scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe exterior covers of the scrapbooks are decorated variously with felt, miscellaneous cloth, wood, construction paper, terry, corduroy, and velvet/velour with a recurring theme of pink. The most recent scrapbooks are bound in magnetic page photograph albums. The contents of the 1978 scrapbook appear to have been rebound in a modern photo album.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks not represented in the collection are 1959-1960, 1975-1976, and 1980. The last and most recent scrapbook in the collection is 1984. It is unknown if the chapter produced scrapbooks between 1985 and 1987, when it disbanded.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Phi Mu Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, comprise 23 scrapbooks created by Phi Mu members that document the activities of the women's fraternity and include photographs with captions and printed ephemera. Each scrapbook is compiled according to either the academic or calendar year and is further arranged by month. Digital scans of the scrapbooks were created by a member of the Phi Mu alumni group prior to Special Collections taking custody of the materials.","The scrapbooks largely comprise captioned photographs of events, activities, members, rushees, general campus views, and student housing. Additional material include newspaper clippings documenting chapter and members news (Phi Mu in the News and engagement, wedding, and birth announcements), printed ephemera, Christmas cards, concert and theater programs, rush week calendars, Panhellenic handbooks (1967-1968, 1968-1969), bid invitation acceptances, and select issues of Phi Mu's monthly newsletter \"The Carnation.\"","The scrapbooks document all aspects of Phi Mu activities including membership, social events and parties, holiday gatherings, service projects and community outreach (Easter basket project, Hike for Hope, car washes, care packages), annual Founder's Day events (held in March), rush and initiation events (\"walking\" ceremonies), activities associated with pledging, senior parties, open house, slumber parties, Panhellenic picnics, banquets, national conventions, summer vacations and trips (Virginia Beach), Greek Week, Greek Sing, Parents Weekend, and Homecoming festivities. Among other local establishments, Phi Mu held off-campus events at Massanetta Springs, Belle Meade, Sheraton, Lloyd's Steak House, Ingelside, and Skatetown.","Photographs capturing incidents of blackface and other racist imagery are scattered throughout the scrapbooks, particularly in the context of rush events and social gatherings (Phi Mu Plantation, Old South, Native American, and Hawaiian luau themed parties). This type of imagery and corresponding descriptive captions are found in the following scrapbooks: 1961-1962, 1962-1963, 1965-1966, 1967-1968, 1968-1969, 1969-1970, 1978, 1979, and 1981 and potentially others.","Some scrapbooks exhibit evidence of adhesive failure where photographs or other pasted-in items are loose or have fallen out and are not extant. In other cases, photographs and pasted-in items appear to have been intentionally removed. Researchers should consult the digital scans of these scrapbooks as they are occasionally more complete than the physical scrapbooks.","The exterior covers of the scrapbooks are decorated variously with felt, miscellaneous cloth, wood, construction paper, terry, corduroy, and velvet/velour with a recurring theme of pink. The most recent scrapbooks are bound in magnetic page photograph albums. The contents of the 1978 scrapbook appear to have been rebound in a modern photo album.","Scrapbooks not represented in the collection are 1959-1960, 1975-1976, and 1980. The last and most recent scrapbook in the collection is 1984. It is unknown if the chapter produced scrapbooks between 1985 and 1987, when it disbanded."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fafc48b2e5ff2423bb5fd99f419d958c\"\u003eThe Phi Mu Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, comprise 23 scrapbooks created by Phi Mu members that document the activities of the women's fraternity and include photographs with captions and printed ephemera.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Phi Mu Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, comprise 23 scrapbooks created by Phi Mu members that document the activities of the women's fraternity and include photographs with captions and printed ephemera."],"names_coll_ssim":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter","Phi Mu Fraternity","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Students","James Madison University -- Students","Oliver, Diane M."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter","Phi Mu Fraternity","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Students","James Madison University -- Students","Oliver, Diane M."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter","Phi Mu Fraternity","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Students","James Madison University -- Students"],"persname_ssim":["Oliver, Diane M."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":23,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:43.839Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_664","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_664","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_664","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_664","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_664.xml","title_ssm":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter scrapbooks"],"title_tesim":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter scrapbooks"],"unitdate_ssm":["1958-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1958-1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 0054","/repositories/4/resources/664"],"text":["UA 0054","/repositories/4/resources/664","Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter scrapbooks","Greek letter societies -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Student activities -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Blackface entertainers -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Printed Ephemera","Twenty-two of the twenty-three scrapbooks are open to research. At the donor's request and per the donor agreement, the 1981 scrapbook is restricted until August 25, 2041.","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Digital scans of the scrapbooks were created by a member of the Phi Mu alumni group prior to Special Collections taking custody of the materials. With the exception of the 1981 scrapbook which is restricted per the donor agreement, these scans are available to researchers upon request.","The scrapbooks are bound and are arranged chronologically.","The Schoolma'am, 1960. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.","Cremins, Ann, \"Disbanded: Phi Mu sorority decides to end university recognition,\" The Breeze, April 16, 1987, vol. 64, no. 51, pg. 3.","The Gamma Theta chapter of Phi Mu was officially installed on October 4, 1959. Members were initiated on January 1, 1960 and the group received its charter as the 82nd chapter of Phi Mu. Prior to that, beginning in the spring of 1958, the organization was a local fraternity, Delta Tau Alpha. Fraternity members resided in Lincoln House beginning in the fall of 1959 through circa 1963. Hoffman Hall opened in 1964 as the Panhellenic Dormitory and housed 164 fraternity members including Phi Mu. Phi Mu took up residence in Eagle Hall in the fall of 1973. Linda Silver of Suffolk, Virginia was a member of the spring 1973 pledge class and was likely the first African American woman to join Phi Mu, Gamma Theta Chapter. The character Pink Panther was the fraternity's unofficial mascot for a time as was a lion. Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity were big brothers to Phi Mu and are also documented in the scrapbooks. The chapter disbanded in 1987 due to a lack of members to occupy the Phi Mu house on Greek Row. The chapter was recolonized in 2010. While a women's organization, Phi Mu is officially designated as a fraternity, and not a sorority. Researchers will find that the two terms are used interchangeably throughout the collection material.","Files containing digitized images of the scrapbooks were securely copied from the USB drives supplied by the donor. The USB drives were subsequently discarded.","The Phi Mu Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, comprise 23 scrapbooks created by Phi Mu members that document the activities of the women's fraternity and include photographs with captions and printed ephemera. Each scrapbook is compiled according to either the academic or calendar year and is further arranged by month. Digital scans of the scrapbooks were created by a member of the Phi Mu alumni group prior to Special Collections taking custody of the materials.","The scrapbooks largely comprise captioned photographs of events, activities, members, rushees, general campus views, and student housing. Additional material include newspaper clippings documenting chapter and members news (Phi Mu in the News and engagement, wedding, and birth announcements), printed ephemera, Christmas cards, concert and theater programs, rush week calendars, Panhellenic handbooks (1967-1968, 1968-1969), bid invitation acceptances, and select issues of Phi Mu's monthly newsletter \"The Carnation.\"","The scrapbooks document all aspects of Phi Mu activities including membership, social events and parties, holiday gatherings, service projects and community outreach (Easter basket project, Hike for Hope, car washes, care packages), annual Founder's Day events (held in March), rush and initiation events (\"walking\" ceremonies), activities associated with pledging, senior parties, open house, slumber parties, Panhellenic picnics, banquets, national conventions, summer vacations and trips (Virginia Beach), Greek Week, Greek Sing, Parents Weekend, and Homecoming festivities. Among other local establishments, Phi Mu held off-campus events at Massanetta Springs, Belle Meade, Sheraton, Lloyd's Steak House, Ingelside, and Skatetown.","Photographs capturing incidents of blackface and other racist imagery are scattered throughout the scrapbooks, particularly in the context of rush events and social gatherings (Phi Mu Plantation, Old South, Native American, and Hawaiian luau themed parties). This type of imagery and corresponding descriptive captions are found in the following scrapbooks: 1961-1962, 1962-1963, 1965-1966, 1967-1968, 1968-1969, 1969-1970, 1978, 1979, and 1981 and potentially others.","Some scrapbooks exhibit evidence of adhesive failure where photographs or other pasted-in items are loose or have fallen out and are not extant. In other cases, photographs and pasted-in items appear to have been intentionally removed. Researchers should consult the digital scans of these scrapbooks as they are occasionally more complete than the physical scrapbooks.","The exterior covers of the scrapbooks are decorated variously with felt, miscellaneous cloth, wood, construction paper, terry, corduroy, and velvet/velour with a recurring theme of pink. The most recent scrapbooks are bound in magnetic page photograph albums. The contents of the 1978 scrapbook appear to have been rebound in a modern photo album.","Scrapbooks not represented in the collection are 1959-1960, 1975-1976, and 1980. The last and most recent scrapbook in the collection is 1984. It is unknown if the chapter produced scrapbooks between 1985 and 1987, when it disbanded.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Phi Mu Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, comprise 23 scrapbooks created by Phi Mu members that document the activities of the women's fraternity and include photographs with captions and printed ephemera.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter","Phi Mu Fraternity","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Students","James Madison University -- Students","Oliver, Diane M.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 0054","/repositories/4/resources/664"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter scrapbooks"],"collection_title_tesim":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter scrapbooks"],"collection_ssim":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter scrapbooks"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter","Oliver, Diane M."],"creator_ssim":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter","Oliver, Diane M."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Oliver, Diane M."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter"],"creators_ssim":["Oliver, Diane M.","Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated to Special Collections in August 2021 by Diane M. Oliver, Phi Mu alum."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Greek letter societies -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Student activities -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Blackface entertainers -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Printed Ephemera"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Greek letter societies -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Student activities -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Blackface entertainers -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History -- 20th century","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Printed Ephemera"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.61 cubic feet 11 boxes","3.78 Gigabytes 1433 files"],"extent_tesim":["8.61 cubic feet 11 boxes","3.78 Gigabytes 1433 files"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Photographs","Printed Ephemera"],"date_range_isim":[1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwenty-two of the twenty-three scrapbooks are open to research. At the donor's request and per the donor agreement, the 1981 scrapbook is restricted until August 25, 2041.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Twenty-two of the twenty-three scrapbooks are open to research. At the donor's request and per the donor agreement, the 1981 scrapbook is restricted until August 25, 2041.","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital scans of the scrapbooks were created by a member of the Phi Mu alumni group prior to Special Collections taking custody of the materials. With the exception of the 1981 scrapbook which is restricted per the donor agreement, these scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital scans of the scrapbooks were created by a member of the Phi Mu alumni group prior to Special Collections taking custody of the materials. With the exception of the 1981 scrapbook which is restricted per the donor agreement, these scans are available to researchers upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbooks are bound and are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The scrapbooks are bound and are arranged chronologically."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eThe Schoolma'am, 1960. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCremins, Ann, \"Disbanded: Phi Mu sorority decides to end university recognition,\" The Breeze, April 16, 1987, vol. 64, no. 51, pg. 3.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["The Schoolma'am, 1960. Harrisonburg (Va.): Madison College.","Cremins, Ann, \"Disbanded: Phi Mu sorority decides to end university recognition,\" The Breeze, April 16, 1987, vol. 64, no. 51, pg. 3."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Gamma Theta chapter of Phi Mu was officially installed on October 4, 1959. Members were initiated on January 1, 1960 and the group received its charter as the 82nd chapter of Phi Mu. Prior to that, beginning in the spring of 1958, the organization was a local fraternity, Delta Tau Alpha. Fraternity members resided in Lincoln House beginning in the fall of 1959 through circa 1963. Hoffman Hall opened in 1964 as the Panhellenic Dormitory and housed 164 fraternity members including Phi Mu. Phi Mu took up residence in Eagle Hall in the fall of 1973. Linda Silver of Suffolk, Virginia was a member of the spring 1973 pledge class and was likely the first African American woman to join Phi Mu, Gamma Theta Chapter. The character Pink Panther was the fraternity's unofficial mascot for a time as was a lion. Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity were big brothers to Phi Mu and are also documented in the scrapbooks. The chapter disbanded in 1987 due to a lack of members to occupy the Phi Mu house on Greek Row. The chapter was recolonized in 2010. While a women's organization, Phi Mu is officially designated as a fraternity, and not a sorority. Researchers will find that the two terms are used interchangeably throughout the collection material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Gamma Theta chapter of Phi Mu was officially installed on October 4, 1959. Members were initiated on January 1, 1960 and the group received its charter as the 82nd chapter of Phi Mu. Prior to that, beginning in the spring of 1958, the organization was a local fraternity, Delta Tau Alpha. Fraternity members resided in Lincoln House beginning in the fall of 1959 through circa 1963. Hoffman Hall opened in 1964 as the Panhellenic Dormitory and housed 164 fraternity members including Phi Mu. Phi Mu took up residence in Eagle Hall in the fall of 1973. Linda Silver of Suffolk, Virginia was a member of the spring 1973 pledge class and was likely the first African American woman to join Phi Mu, Gamma Theta Chapter. The character Pink Panther was the fraternity's unofficial mascot for a time as was a lion. Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity were big brothers to Phi Mu and are also documented in the scrapbooks. The chapter disbanded in 1987 due to a lack of members to occupy the Phi Mu house on Greek Row. The chapter was recolonized in 2010. While a women's organization, Phi Mu is officially designated as a fraternity, and not a sorority. Researchers will find that the two terms are used interchangeably throughout the collection material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, UA 0054, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, UA 0054, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFiles containing digitized images of the scrapbooks were securely copied from the USB drives supplied by the donor. The USB drives were subsequently discarded.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Files containing digitized images of the scrapbooks were securely copied from the USB drives supplied by the donor. The USB drives were subsequently discarded."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Phi Mu Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, comprise 23 scrapbooks created by Phi Mu members that document the activities of the women's fraternity and include photographs with captions and printed ephemera. Each scrapbook is compiled according to either the academic or calendar year and is further arranged by month. Digital scans of the scrapbooks were created by a member of the Phi Mu alumni group prior to Special Collections taking custody of the materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbooks largely comprise captioned photographs of events, activities, members, rushees, general campus views, and student housing. Additional material include newspaper clippings documenting chapter and members news (Phi Mu in the News and engagement, wedding, and birth announcements), printed ephemera, Christmas cards, concert and theater programs, rush week calendars, Panhellenic handbooks (1967-1968, 1968-1969), bid invitation acceptances, and select issues of Phi Mu's monthly newsletter \"The Carnation.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbooks document all aspects of Phi Mu activities including membership, social events and parties, holiday gatherings, service projects and community outreach (Easter basket project, Hike for Hope, car washes, care packages), annual Founder's Day events (held in March), rush and initiation events (\"walking\" ceremonies), activities associated with pledging, senior parties, open house, slumber parties, Panhellenic picnics, banquets, national conventions, summer vacations and trips (Virginia Beach), Greek Week, Greek Sing, Parents Weekend, and Homecoming festivities. Among other local establishments, Phi Mu held off-campus events at Massanetta Springs, Belle Meade, Sheraton, Lloyd's Steak House, Ingelside, and Skatetown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs capturing incidents of blackface and other racist imagery are scattered throughout the scrapbooks, particularly in the context of rush events and social gatherings (Phi Mu Plantation, Old South, Native American, and Hawaiian luau themed parties). This type of imagery and corresponding descriptive captions are found in the following scrapbooks: 1961-1962, 1962-1963, 1965-1966, 1967-1968, 1968-1969, 1969-1970, 1978, 1979, and 1981 and potentially others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome scrapbooks exhibit evidence of adhesive failure where photographs or other pasted-in items are loose or have fallen out and are not extant. In other cases, photographs and pasted-in items appear to have been intentionally removed. Researchers should consult the digital scans of these scrapbooks as they are occasionally more complete than the physical scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe exterior covers of the scrapbooks are decorated variously with felt, miscellaneous cloth, wood, construction paper, terry, corduroy, and velvet/velour with a recurring theme of pink. The most recent scrapbooks are bound in magnetic page photograph albums. The contents of the 1978 scrapbook appear to have been rebound in a modern photo album.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks not represented in the collection are 1959-1960, 1975-1976, and 1980. The last and most recent scrapbook in the collection is 1984. It is unknown if the chapter produced scrapbooks between 1985 and 1987, when it disbanded.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Phi Mu Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, comprise 23 scrapbooks created by Phi Mu members that document the activities of the women's fraternity and include photographs with captions and printed ephemera. Each scrapbook is compiled according to either the academic or calendar year and is further arranged by month. Digital scans of the scrapbooks were created by a member of the Phi Mu alumni group prior to Special Collections taking custody of the materials.","The scrapbooks largely comprise captioned photographs of events, activities, members, rushees, general campus views, and student housing. Additional material include newspaper clippings documenting chapter and members news (Phi Mu in the News and engagement, wedding, and birth announcements), printed ephemera, Christmas cards, concert and theater programs, rush week calendars, Panhellenic handbooks (1967-1968, 1968-1969), bid invitation acceptances, and select issues of Phi Mu's monthly newsletter \"The Carnation.\"","The scrapbooks document all aspects of Phi Mu activities including membership, social events and parties, holiday gatherings, service projects and community outreach (Easter basket project, Hike for Hope, car washes, care packages), annual Founder's Day events (held in March), rush and initiation events (\"walking\" ceremonies), activities associated with pledging, senior parties, open house, slumber parties, Panhellenic picnics, banquets, national conventions, summer vacations and trips (Virginia Beach), Greek Week, Greek Sing, Parents Weekend, and Homecoming festivities. Among other local establishments, Phi Mu held off-campus events at Massanetta Springs, Belle Meade, Sheraton, Lloyd's Steak House, Ingelside, and Skatetown.","Photographs capturing incidents of blackface and other racist imagery are scattered throughout the scrapbooks, particularly in the context of rush events and social gatherings (Phi Mu Plantation, Old South, Native American, and Hawaiian luau themed parties). This type of imagery and corresponding descriptive captions are found in the following scrapbooks: 1961-1962, 1962-1963, 1965-1966, 1967-1968, 1968-1969, 1969-1970, 1978, 1979, and 1981 and potentially others.","Some scrapbooks exhibit evidence of adhesive failure where photographs or other pasted-in items are loose or have fallen out and are not extant. In other cases, photographs and pasted-in items appear to have been intentionally removed. Researchers should consult the digital scans of these scrapbooks as they are occasionally more complete than the physical scrapbooks.","The exterior covers of the scrapbooks are decorated variously with felt, miscellaneous cloth, wood, construction paper, terry, corduroy, and velvet/velour with a recurring theme of pink. The most recent scrapbooks are bound in magnetic page photograph albums. The contents of the 1978 scrapbook appear to have been rebound in a modern photo album.","Scrapbooks not represented in the collection are 1959-1960, 1975-1976, and 1980. The last and most recent scrapbook in the collection is 1984. It is unknown if the chapter produced scrapbooks between 1985 and 1987, when it disbanded."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fafc48b2e5ff2423bb5fd99f419d958c\"\u003eThe Phi Mu Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, comprise 23 scrapbooks created by Phi Mu members that document the activities of the women's fraternity and include photographs with captions and printed ephemera.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Phi Mu Gamma Theta Chapter Scrapbooks, 1958-1984, comprise 23 scrapbooks created by Phi Mu members that document the activities of the women's fraternity and include photographs with captions and printed ephemera."],"names_coll_ssim":["Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter","Phi Mu Fraternity","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Students","James Madison University -- Students","Oliver, Diane M."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter","Phi Mu Fraternity","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Students","James Madison University -- Students","Oliver, Diane M."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Phi Mu. Gamma Theta Chapter","Phi Mu Fraternity","Madison College -- History","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Students","James Madison University -- Students"],"persname_ssim":["Oliver, Diane M."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":23,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:59:43.839Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_664"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_713","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Photograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_713#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a copy of a photograph of the Ann Smith Academy in Lexington, Virginia. The collection also includes the negative of the image, which was taken before 1899. The postcard is of the new structure of the Ann Smith Academy c.1910, which is now the Washington and Lee Chi Psi Fraternity house.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_713#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_713","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_713","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_713","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_713","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_713.xml","title_ssm":["Photograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy"],"title_tesim":["Photograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.PP.0047","/repositories/5/resources/713"],"text":["WLU.Coll.PP.0047","/repositories/5/resources/713","Photograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy","Virginia -- Lexington","Postcards","Photographs","This collection is available for research use.","This collection consists of a copy of a photograph of the Ann Smith Academy in Lexington, Virginia. The collection also includes the negative of the image, which was taken before 1899. The postcard is of the new structure of the Ann Smith Academy c.1910, which is now the Washington and Lee Chi Psi Fraternity house.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Ann Smith Academy","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.PP.0047","/repositories/5/resources/713"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy"],"collection_title_tesim":["Photograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy"],"collection_ssim":["Photograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Lexington"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Lexington"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Lexington"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Postcards","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Postcards","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Item"],"extent_tesim":["3 Item"],"dimensions_tesim":["3\" x 5\""],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is available for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is available for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy, WLU Coll. PP 0047, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Photograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy, WLU Coll. PP 0047, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA","In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a copy of a photograph of the Ann Smith Academy in Lexington, Virginia. The collection also includes the negative of the image, which was taken before 1899. The postcard is of the new structure of the Ann Smith Academy c.1910, which is now the Washington and Lee Chi Psi Fraternity house.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a copy of a photograph of the Ann Smith Academy in Lexington, Virginia. The collection also includes the negative of the image, which was taken before 1899. The postcard is of the new structure of the Ann Smith Academy c.1910, which is now the Washington and Lee Chi Psi Fraternity house."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"names_coll_ssim":["Ann Smith Academy"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Ann Smith Academy"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Ann Smith Academy"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:55:00.165Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_713","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_713","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_713","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_713","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_713.xml","title_ssm":["Photograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy"],"title_tesim":["Photograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.PP.0047","/repositories/5/resources/713"],"text":["WLU.Coll.PP.0047","/repositories/5/resources/713","Photograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy","Virginia -- Lexington","Postcards","Photographs","This collection is available for research use.","This collection consists of a copy of a photograph of the Ann Smith Academy in Lexington, Virginia. The collection also includes the negative of the image, which was taken before 1899. The postcard is of the new structure of the Ann Smith Academy c.1910, which is now the Washington and Lee Chi Psi Fraternity house.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Ann Smith Academy","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.PP.0047","/repositories/5/resources/713"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy"],"collection_title_tesim":["Photograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy"],"collection_ssim":["Photograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Lexington"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Lexington"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Lexington"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Postcards","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Postcards","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Item"],"extent_tesim":["3 Item"],"dimensions_tesim":["3\" x 5\""],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is available for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is available for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy, WLU Coll. PP 0047, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Photograph and Postcard of Ann Smith Academy, WLU Coll. PP 0047, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA","In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a copy of a photograph of the Ann Smith Academy in Lexington, Virginia. The collection also includes the negative of the image, which was taken before 1899. The postcard is of the new structure of the Ann Smith Academy c.1910, which is now the Washington and Lee Chi Psi Fraternity house.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a copy of a photograph of the Ann Smith Academy in Lexington, Virginia. The collection also includes the negative of the image, which was taken before 1899. The postcard is of the new structure of the Ann Smith Academy c.1910, which is now the Washington and Lee Chi Psi Fraternity house."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"names_coll_ssim":["Ann Smith Academy"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Ann Smith Academy"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Ann Smith Academy"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:55:00.165Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_713"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c45","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Photographs","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c45#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c45","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c45"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c45","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","parent_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Effinger School Collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Effinger School Collection"],"text":["Effinger School Collection","Photographs","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Virginia -- Rockbridge County","Photographs","English .","box 4","folder 44"],"title_filing_ssi":"Photographs","title_ssm":["Photographs"],"title_tesim":["Photographs"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1987"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photographs"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"collection_ssim":["Effinger School Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":45,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987],"names_ssim":["Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Rockbridge County"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Rockbridge County"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Rockbridge County"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photographs"],"language_ssim":["English ."],"containers_ssim":["box 4","folder 44"],"_nest_path_":"/components#44","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:55:23.231Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_902.xml","title_ssm":["Effinger School Collection"],"title_tesim":["Effinger School Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-2011"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1909-2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0523"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0523","Effinger School Collection","Virginia -- Collierstown -- Collierstown Road","Schools","Education, Secondary","School yearbooks","Rural schools","The Effinger School collection consists of the compiled research of Clinton Lee Anderson and Henry A. Hatcher, co-authors of \"Celebrate Effinger, 1922-2010\" their published history of the Effinger School in the Collierstown vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia. Included within the collection are various records, publications, printed matter from the school, school newspapers, alumni records, photographs, and general history of the school.","A complete run of 35 volumes of the Effinger School yearbook \"The Wawbeek\" (1940-1960) have been removed from this collection and cataloged in WLU's Rare Book collection.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger Echo (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Rapps Church (Lexington, Va.)","Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A.","Myers, Andrew M.","Strickler, M. P.","Clemmer, Kathryn Weeks","McDaniel, Clarence","Swink, Robert","Hotinger, Ernestine Chittum","Clark, Carmen Ercell","Coleman, Custis L., Dr.","Perrell, Orion","Tardy, Clarence Leitch","Hotinger, Clarence","Hotinger, R. W.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0523"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Effinger School Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Effinger School Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Effinger School Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Collierstown -- Collierstown Road"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Collierstown -- Collierstown Road"],"creator_ssm":["Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A."],"creator_ssim":["Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A."],"creators_ssim":["Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A."],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Collierstown -- Collierstown Road"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection contains material received by Mr.Clinton Anderson: 3 boxes with manila envelopes each with an inventory. The collection was compiled primarily by Mr. Anderson and Mr. Hatcher and stored at Mr. Hatcher's House."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Schools","Education, Secondary","School yearbooks","Rural schools"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Schools","Education, Secondary","School yearbooks","Rural schools"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Box"],"extent_tesim":["5 Box"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Effinger School collection consists of the compiled research of Clinton Lee Anderson and Henry A. Hatcher, co-authors of \"Celebrate Effinger, 1922-2010\" their published history of the Effinger School in the Collierstown vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia. Included within the collection are various records, publications, printed matter from the school, school newspapers, alumni records, photographs, and general history of the school.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Effinger School collection consists of the compiled research of Clinton Lee Anderson and Henry A. Hatcher, co-authors of \"Celebrate Effinger, 1922-2010\" their published history of the Effinger School in the Collierstown vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia. Included within the collection are various records, publications, printed matter from the school, school newspapers, alumni records, photographs, and general history of the school."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA complete run of 35 volumes of the Effinger School yearbook \"The Wawbeek\" (1940-1960) have been removed from this collection and cataloged in WLU's Rare Book collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A complete run of 35 volumes of the Effinger School yearbook \"The Wawbeek\" (1940-1960) have been removed from this collection and cataloged in WLU's Rare Book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"names_coll_ssim":["Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger Echo (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Rapps Church (Lexington, Va.)","Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A.","Myers, Andrew M.","Strickler, M. P.","Clemmer, Kathryn Weeks","McDaniel, Clarence","Swink, Robert","Hotinger, Ernestine Chittum","Clark, Carmen Ercell","Coleman, Custis L., Dr.","Perrell, Orion","Tardy, Clarence Leitch","Hotinger, Clarence","Hotinger, R. W."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger Echo (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Rapps Church (Lexington, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A.","Myers, Andrew M.","Strickler, M. P.","Clemmer, Kathryn Weeks","McDaniel, Clarence","Swink, Robert","Hotinger, Ernestine Chittum","Clark, Carmen Ercell","Coleman, Custis L., Dr.","Perrell, Orion","Tardy, Clarence Leitch","Hotinger, Clarence","Hotinger, R. W."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":54,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:55:23.231Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c45"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Photojournalism Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_157#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_157#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_157.xml","title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection"],"title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["[circa 1870s]- 1989","Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["[circa 1870s]- 1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"text":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157","Photojournalism Collection","United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs","The content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content.","Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#. ","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).  ","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025). ","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. ","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. ","\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. ","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. ","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. ","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. ","\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. ","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. ","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. ","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. ","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. ","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. ","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. ","This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.","The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.","University of Richmond ","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation acquired from Isser Elishis."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["? Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"extent_tesim":["? Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAkg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026amp;oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026amp;oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026amp;oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026amp;oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026amp;oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026amp;oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026amp;oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026amp;oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026amp;oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026amp;oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#. ","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).  ","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025). ","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHorst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMicha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDenise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhilippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMax Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. ","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. ","\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. ","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. ","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. ","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. ","\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. ","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. ","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. ","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. ","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. ","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. ","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d49bb7321f650541019f18ada0a472ae\"\u003eThe collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime."],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun "],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond "],"persname_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun "],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:11:04.291Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_157","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_157.xml","title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection"],"title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["[circa 1870s]- 1989","Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["[circa 1870s]- 1989"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Est. 19th Century","[circa 1800s]- 1989"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"text":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157","Photojournalism Collection","United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs","The content of this collection is arranged in boxes by size and each folder is arranged by photographer or related historical content.","Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#. ","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).  ","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025). ","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. ","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. ","\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. ","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. ","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. ","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. ","\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. ","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. ","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. ","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. ","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. ","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. ","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. ","This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.","The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.","University of Richmond ","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun ","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-81","/repositories/4/resources/157"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photojournalism Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Photojournalism Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation acquired from Isser Elishis."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States Army in World War II","Civil rights movements","Documentary photography","Social change","Photographers","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["? Linear Feet 5 boxes."],"extent_tesim":["? 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(accessed October 17, 2025). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026amp;oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026amp;oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026amp;oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026amp;oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026amp;oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026amp;oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026amp;oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026amp;oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026amp;oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026amp;oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Akg-Images London. \"The Liberation of Paris by Rene Zuber.\" Akg Images, April 19, 2024. https://akg-images.prezly.com/the-liberation-of-paris-by-rene-zuber#. ","\"Briscoe Center Aquires Acclaimed Photographer John Bryson's Archive.\" Briscoe Center for American History. https://briscoecenter.org/about/news/briscoe-center-acquires-acclaimed-photographer-john-brysons-archive/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Briscoe Center for American History: The University of Texas at Austin: John Bryson Archive, circa 1945-1995.\" Taro: Texas Archival Resources Online. https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/03502.xml (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Florence Homolka (Museum Collection).\" Getty. https://www.getty.edu/art/collection/person/103KVH (accessed October 17, 2025).  ","\"Gordon Coster.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/gordon-coster (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Harold Haliday Costain.\" Keith De Lellis Gallery. https://www.keithdelellisgallery.com/artists/harold-haliday-costain (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Leonard Freed.\" Magnum Photos. https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/leonard-freed/ (accessed October 17, 2025). ","\"Max Baur: German, 1898-1988.\" Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artist/max-baur#:~:text=Max%20Baur%2C%20a%20native%20of,format%20and%20composed%20everything%20carefully. (accessed October 17, 2025). ","Wikipedia contributors, \"Alfred Eisenstaedt,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Eisenstaedt\u0026oldid=1311559508 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Denise Bellon,\" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denise_Bellon\u0026oldid=1242206314 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Dmitry Baltermants,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Baltermants\u0026oldid=1298058067 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Gisèle Freund,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gis%C3%A8le_Freund\u0026oldid=1315066063 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Horst Tappe,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horst_Tappe\u0026oldid=1211602280 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Micha Bar-Am,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micha_Bar-Am\u0026oldid=1306602494 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Almásy,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Alm%C3%A1sy\u0026oldid=1307824034 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Paul Caponigro,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paul_Caponigro\u0026oldid=1315979719 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Philippe Halsman,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Halsman\u0026oldid=1315892744 (accessed October 17, 2025).","Wikipedia contributors, \"Robert Doisneau,\"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Doisneau\u0026oldid=1283363423 (accessed October 17, 2025)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHorst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMicha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDenise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhilippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMax Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Paul Almasy was born on 29 May 1906 in Budapest and passed away 23 September 2003 in Jouars-Pontchartrain. He was a famous, Hungarian-born Swiss photographer and journalist, well known for his portrait and documentary photography. He grew up in Budapest in a family of artists and at 17, he left Hungary to pursue a political science degree in Vienna, Munich, and Heidelberg in 1924. Although he originally planned for a diplomatic career, he was drawn to journalism and photography in the 1930s. Particularly famous for his portraits of famous artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Picasso and Albert Camus, Almasy was most recognized for his dedication to capturing people from all walks of life. ","Dmitri Baltermants was born on 13 May 1912 in Warsaw and passed away 11 June 1990. He was a prominent Soviet photojournalist who was most famous for his image titled \"Grief\" which depicts a Nazi massacre of Jewish people in Kerch in 1942. Having graduated from the Moscow State University and apprenticed under Vladimir Musinov, he became an official Kremlin photographer and worked for Izvestia and Ogonyok. Most of Baltermants' work focuses on the Red Army in Russia and Ukraine during World War II. ","\nLeonard Freed was born on 23 October 1929 in Brooklyn, NY and passed away 30 November 2006. He was an American documentary photojournalist and maintained a longtime membership of Magnum Photos. Having attended The New School and studied with Alexey Brodovitch, Freed worked as a traveling freelance photojournalist for many years. Freed completed various publications, books, films, and received the New York State Grant for the Arts in 1978 and the National Endowment for the Arts in 1980. His career went to the next level when he traveled the country with Martin Luther King Jr. during the American Civil Rights Movement. ","Horst Tappe was born on 13 May 1938 in Germany and passed away 21 August 2005 in Switzerland. Tappe interned at the Hamburg School of Photography, studied at the School of Experimental Photography in Hofheim am Taunus, and studied as the School of Photography in Vevey. He was a German photographer, famous for his portraits of various creative artists, writers, scientists, and philosophers.","Micha Bar-Am, a German-born Israeli photographer, was born in 1930 in Berlin. He is a founding member of Malkia kibbutz, a founding member of the International Center of Photography, a recipient of the Israel Prize for Visual Arts, the author of various publications, and one of Israel's most senior photographers. Bar-Am has worked for Bamahane magazine, Magnum Photos, and The New York Times. His photography has played a crucial role in the shaping of Israel's cultural memory and worldwide image through his documentation of various milestones such as immigration, international affairs, the Six Day War, and many other events of public importance. ","Denise Bellon was born 20 September 1902 in Paris, France and passed away on 31 October 1999 in Paris, France. She was a French photographer closely connected to the Surrealist movement and she studied psychology at the University of Paris. She worked with Pierre Boucher, was a photographer at the Alliance-Photo agency, and she was the photographer for the International Exhibitions of Surrealism in 1939, 1947, 1959, and 1965. ","Alfred Eisenstaedt was born on 6 December 1898 in Dirschau, West Prussia and passes away on 23 August 1995 in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts. He was a very successful German-born American photographer and photojournalist; he received the National Medal of Arts in 1989, The Digital Journalist chose him as the 'Photojournalist of the Century' in 1999, and Eisenstaedt was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum in 2020. Most notable for his cover photograph of V-J Day in Times Square, he worked for various publications such as the Associated Press office in Germany, Illustrierte Zeitung, and Life magazine. Eisenstaedt's preferred method for photography was using small 35 mm film cameras like the Leica camera to capture candid photos of people in natural light. ","\nPaul John Jerome Caponingo was born on 7 December 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts and passed away on 10 November 2024 in Cushing, Maine. Caponingo was an American photographer, writer, and pianist, most famous for his landscape and still life photographs such as Running White Deer. He attended Boston University College of Music in 1950 and California School of Fine Arts, and he received various awards such as the Guggenheim Fellowship in 1966 and 1975, the Royal Photographic Society's Centenary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in 2001, and three grants from the NEA. Caponingo's work is held in nine permanent collections around the United States.","Harold Haliday Costain was born in 1897 and passed away in 1994. He was a famous photographer who studied at the Arts Students League in New York and served in the Navy on the U.S.S. Leviathan. Costain's specialty was color photography and printing and he specialized in advertising, architectural, and narrative forms of photography. Having received various awards from annual conventions like the Photographers Association of America, the International Exposition Salon, the Preston Scientific Society Salon, and he received three Pictorial Photographs of America trophies from 1933-1935. ","Robert Doisneau was born on 14 April 1912 in Gentilly, France and passed away on 1 April 1994 in Montrouge, France. He was a French photographer who studied at Ecole Estienne in 1929 and received many awards including the Kodak Prize in 1947, the Niepce Prize in 1965, and the Balzac Prize in 1986. Doisneau's photography consisted of amusing juxtapositions, mingling of social classes, and eccentrics in contemporary Paris environments. He produced many publications and exhibitions throughout his career. ","Philippe Halsman was born in May of 1906 in Riga and passed away on 25 June 1979 in New York City. Halsman was an American portrait photographer who was renowned as one of the best because of his images that were sharp and closely cropped. In September 1928, he was accused of his father's murder, sentenced to four years in prison based on circumstantial evidence but only spent two there, pardoned by the President of Austria, Wilhelm Miklas, and later, his letters from prison were published as a book in 1930 titled Briefe aus der Halt an eine Freundin. Halsman photographed many famous individuals like Albert Einstein and Constance Ford as part of his portrait photographs. ","Rene Zuber was a published author, photographer, and film maker born in 1902 in France and passed away in 1979. Zuber's photography captured various parts of Paris and French civilians during the Liberation of Paris. He discovered a mode of photography called New Objectivity while he was studying at the Academy of Graphic Arts and Book Trade in Leipzig, Germany. Some of his most notable accomplishments was the founding of the Studio Zuber in 1932, his co-founding of Alliance Photo Agency, starting an advertising photography agency in Paris in 1929, and his founding of Les Films du Compas. ","Florence Homolka was a successful American photographer born in 1911 and passed away in 1962. She was known for her portraits of numerous celebrities and intellectuals including Judy Garland and Charles Chaplin. Homolka, originally Florence Meyer, was constantly surrounded by prominent cultural figures and improved her career with the help of hid husband, Oscar Homolka.","Gordon Coster was an American photographer born in 1906 and passed in 1988. Coster was known for his multi-faceted and resourceful approach to his work; often, Coster would cross between various genres and such as photography documenting labor strife and photography innovative advertising. He is most well-known for his extensive projects dedicated to American life in the Midwest during World War II, the Tennessee Valley Authority Dam Project, and many more. Coster rose in fame as he worked for various publications such as Time, Fortune, Holiday, Ladies Home Journal, and Scientific American.","John Bryson was a photojournalist born in 1923 in Brownwood, Texas and passed away in 2005 in Brookings, Oregon. He served in the Army Air Force during World War II then enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin. He worked for Life magazine as a correspondent, bureau chief, and picture editor before freelancing for Life, Look, Holiday, and various other publications. Bryson is most known for his years photographing Hollywood celebrities including individuals like Frank Sinatra and even capturing Ernest Hemmingway in 1959. ","Max Baur was a self-taught German photographer born in 1898 in Gunzburg, Germany and passed away in 1988. Baur called himself a \"lichtbildner\" or light picture maker instead of a photographer because he worked in a large format and was very detail oriented. He was well-known for his landscape photography but also his industrial and architectural photographs. Baur opened his first photo studio in 1928 and was admitted to the Society of German Photographers in 1934. ","Gisele Freund was born 19 December 1908 in Berlin, Germany and passed away 31 March 2000 in Paris, France. She was a German-born French photographer and photojournalist who studied at University of Freiburg and University of Frankfurt Sorbonne. She is well-known for her portraits, documentary photography, various exhibitions, and many books. Freund used the Leica Camera with 35 mm rolls and used Kodachrome and Agfacolor positive film for color portraits. She received many honors including being named a Officier des Arts et Lettres in 1982 and Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur in 1983, and she came the president of the French Union of Photographers in 1977. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-81, Photojournalism Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the work of various photographers and photojournalists from 1935-1989. With portraits, photos of landscapes, and documentary photography, social movements are highlighted as a key aspect of life in the 1900s. This collection captures important moments in U.S. history such as World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. In addition to U.S. history, there are various graphic materials from Japan and 19th century Italy. The photographers and photojournalists showcased in this collection are Paul Almasy, Dmitri Baltermants, Leonard Freed, Micha Bar-Am, Horst Tappe, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Denise Bellon, Paul Caponingo, Harold Costain, Robert Doisneau, Philippe Halsman, Rene Zuber, Florence Homolka, Gordon Coster, John Bryson, Max Baur, and Gisele Freund."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d49bb7321f650541019f18ada0a472ae\"\u003eThe collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents various photographs from World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Era. Although there are many photographers involved in this collection, most notable are Paul Almasy, Leonard Freed, Dmitri Baltermants, and Horst Tappe. The focus of this collection is on what life looked like around the world during this period and the various hardships that were endured during wartime."],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun "],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond "],"persname_ssim":["Kusakabe Kimbei","Suzanne Zuber","Fratelli Alinari","Aldophe Braun "],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:11:04.291Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_157"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c02_c16","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Physical education","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c02_c16#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c02_c16","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c02_c16"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c02_c16","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841_c01_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files","Accession 1","Academic departments"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files","Accession 1","Academic departments"],"text":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files","Accession 1","Academic departments","Physical education","Virginia Military Institute—Academics—History—20th century","Photographs","box 2","Folder 16"],"title_filing_ssi":"Physical education","title_ssm":["Physical education"],"title_tesim":["Physical education"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934/1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Physical education"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":64,"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Academics—History—20th century","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Academics—History—20th century","Photographs"],"containers_ssim":["box 2","Folder 16"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#15","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:57:21.432Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_841","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_841.xml","title_ssm":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files"],"title_tesim":["Office of Communications and Marketing subject files"],"unitdate_ssm":["bulk 1950's - [ongoing]"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["bulk 1950's - [ongoing]"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Subgroup","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.05.Subject Files","/repositories/3/resources/841"],"text":["RG.05.Subject Files","/repositories/3/resources/841","Office of Communications and Marketing subject files","Virginia Military Institute Archives","VMI Foundation","Bunting, Josiah, III, 1939-","Irby, Richard L. 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