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Educational Report and History of Schools of County\u003c/emph\u003e published by the Rockingham County Board of Editors.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Due to the artificial and expansive nature of this collection, a biographical/historical note is not provided.","Researchers interested in the history of Rockingham County Schools should consult Larry Huffman's Old Schools in Rockingham County and The Public Schools of Rockingham County, Virginia. Educational Report and History of Schools of County published by the Rockingham County Board of Editors."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom the estate of Larry Derrer, Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["From the estate of Larry Derrer, Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Rockingham County Schools Collection, 1895-1961, SC 0371, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Rockingham County Schools Collection, 1895-1961, SC 0371, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArtificially compiled collection of photographs and papers relating to Rockingham County Schools. Papers include Charles A. Turner's (1875-1969) teaching contracts and teaching certificates for schools in Rockingham County and Hardy County, West Virginia. Printed ephemera includes a Dayton High School commencement program, basketball schedule, and a Turner Ashby High School vs. Harrisonburg High School football program and roster. Shenandoah Collegiate Institute and School of Music (Dayton) ephemera includes an addressed postcard and felt pennant. Photographs document several historic Rockingham County schools: Harmony School, Oak Grove School, Victory Hill School, Sunnyside School, Mt. Tom School, Shady Oakes/Oak Shade School, first school in Keezletown, and Montezuma School.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Artificially compiled collection of photographs and papers relating to Rockingham County Schools. Papers include Charles A. Turner's (1875-1969) teaching contracts and teaching certificates for schools in Rockingham County and Hardy County, West Virginia. Printed ephemera includes a Dayton High School commencement program, basketball schedule, and a Turner Ashby High School vs. Harrisonburg High School football program and roster. Shenandoah Collegiate Institute and School of Music (Dayton) ephemera includes an addressed postcard and felt pennant. Photographs document several historic Rockingham County schools: Harmony School, Oak Grove School, Victory Hill School, Sunnyside School, Mt. Tom School, Shady Oakes/Oak Shade School, first school in Keezletown, and Montezuma School."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0b7b2c837e4d6250ce62f309a5dd00c5\"\u003eArtificially compiled collection of photographs, papers, and ephemera relating to Rockingham County Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Artificially compiled collection of photographs, papers, and ephemera relating to Rockingham County Schools."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Derrer, Larry, 1944-2022"],"persname_ssim":["Derrer, Larry, 1944-2022"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Derrer, Larry, 1944-2022"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:12.526Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_748"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_698","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ronald E. Carrier papers, 1909/2016, bulk 1960/2016","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_698#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_698#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Ronald E. Carrier Papers comprise the administrative records of James Madison University's fourth president.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_698#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_698","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_698","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_698","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_698","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_698.xml","title_ssm":["Ronald E. Carrier papers"],"title_tesim":["Ronald E. Carrier papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-2016","1960-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-2016"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/2016, bulk 1960/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ronald E. Carrier papers, 1909/2016, bulk 1960/2016"],"text":["Ronald E. Carrier papers, 1909/2016, bulk 1960/2016","UA 0053","/repositories/4/resources/698","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Administration","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Administration","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","College presidents -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Inauguration","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Speeches (Documents)","Letters (correspondence)","Administrative records","Administrative reports","Collection is open for research with the exception of audiovisual materials and electronic media (VHS, audiocassettes, microcassettes, CD) which have not been reformatted. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Three dimensional objects including Carrier's hard hat and desk name plates were not retained.","The collection is arranged into four series. Each series is arranged chronologically.","Administrative Files, 1962-2016\n      Speeches and Writings, circa 1960-2012\n      Correspondence, 1969-2016\n      Photographs, circa 1909-2015","Ronald E. Carrier (1932-2017) served as the fourth president of James Madison University from 1971 until 1998. He came to Madison College from Memphis State University, where he held several administrative positions including Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost. Prior to Memphis State, Carrier was an associate professor of economics at the University of Mississippi from 1960 to 1963. He was a graduate of East Tennessee State University and the University of Illinois.","During his time at JMU, Carrier oversaw the physical expansion of campus with several large-scale building campaigns including Godwin Hall and expansions and renovations to Carrier Library as well as the growth of east campus with the Convocation Center, University Recreation Center (UREC), and the ISAT academic buildings. In total, the university added or approved $240 million in new facilities. Other significant accomplishments include increased enrollment to 14,000 students, increased operating budget to $200 million, forty new programs were added with five new colleges including the College of Integrated Science and Technology (CISAT), and establishment of a graduate school. Carrier is largely credited with the vision of East Campus. Under Carrier's leadership Madison College changed its name to James Madison University in 1977. In December 1983, Carrier accepted the position of chancellor at the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville only to rescind his acceptance the following month due to unexpected administrative changes at Arkansas. In the mid-1990s, Carrier initiated the restructuring of several academic departments and colleges as well as called for the elimination of physics as a major. This was a largely unpopular decision with many faculty and students that ultimately did not materialize. Carrier Library was named in honor of Ronald and Edith Carrier in 1984. Carrier served as Chancellor of JMU from 1998 until 2002 at which point he was awarded President Emeritus status.","In December 2022, all previously processed Carrier accessions were combined with unprocessed accessions to form one collection under UA 0053. At this time, the description, arrangement, and collection inventory were updated.","Contents of folders were combined when appropriate. Printouts of webpages including Wikipedia were discarded. Folder titles are both creator and archivist-supplied. The original 1996 letter and statement from Mills Godwin regarding Carrier's 25th anniversary was photocopied and discarded due to deteriorating condition. Framed items including awards were removed from frames which were discarded. Items that exhibited excessive water damage were also discarded.","A small accession of photographs was transferred in 2009 and during its initial processing in 2011 photographs were given an identifier with the prefix P0003. This identifier refers to a short-lived practice of numbering and organizing photographs into discrete collections irrespective of provenance. The legacy P0003 identifiers were left intact on the backs of the photographs, but the arrangement of the photographs was updated to reflect more accurate and descriptive groupings.","James Madison University, Office of the President. Records, 1951-2001. Accession 44225. State Records Collection, The Library of Virginia.","The Ronald E. Carrier Papers comprise the administrative records of James Madison University's fourth president. Records include annual reports and master plans, departmental goals and objectives, Carrier's resumes and biographical statements, honors and awards, philanthropic initiatives, speeches, photographs, and scrapbooks. While much of the collection documents Carrier's tenure as JMU president, a limited amount of materials relate to his work at Memphis State University. Of particular interest is Carrier's appointment and inauguration which is documented through congratulatory correspondence, printed ephemera, and photographs. Various building campaigns are documented to varying degrees and include Godwin Hall, Miller Hall, Carrier Library, and Sonner Hall.","Series 1: Administrative Files, 1962-2016, includes annual reports; master plans; goals and objectives for various university divisions and departments, most notably the Office of Affirmative Action and the Office of Disability Services; philanthropic and scholarship initiatives; and documentation of Carrier's various honors and awards. Specific projects documented include the establishment of the College of Integrated Science and Technology (CISAT); the Edith J. Carrier Arboretum, named after Carrier's wife; and the Greater University Commission. The academic restructuring of the mid-1990s is documented in the CISAT files but specifically in a CD containing legal documents for the court case Faculty for Responsible Change (FRC) vs. The Visitors of James Madison University (1995).","Includes report on \"Proposed Development of 133 Acres East of I-81\" compiled by Ray V. Sonner, February 1975.","Series 2: Speeches and Writings, circa 1960-2012, contains speeches given to university and community audiences as well as Carrier's writings specifically drafts of his dissertation An Economic Analysis of Trade Union Power. Speeches were primarily delivered to regional and national organizations, local business and civic organizations, local schools and colleges, and JMU meetings and events including remarks to faculty.","Includes address to the Virginia Education Association for Higher Education titled \"The Need for Diversity in Higher Education,\" dedication of Plains Elementary School.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1969-2016, comprises corespondence primarily written to Carrier though file copies written by Carrier are also included. The bulk of the letters congratulate Carrier on his appointment as president of Madison College in 1970 and also concern his initial acceptance of the position of chancellor at University of Arkansas at Fayetteville in 1983 and his ultimate decision to stay at James Madison University.","Series 4: Photographs, circa 1909-2015, documents social events; Board of Visitors luncheons and parties; get-togethers at the Carriers' home, Oakview, located in the Forest Hills neighborhood; commencement; various speaking events; sporting events; and building dedications and groundbreakings. Carrier's December 1971 inauguration is thoroughly documented. Photographs prominently feature Carrier along with students, faculty and staff, community members, guest speakers, members of the Board of Visitors, family, and friends. This series also includes four bound scrapbooks of photographs and ephemera.","Legacy P0003 identifiers from a 2009 accession were written on the backs of photographs during processing. The identifiers were left intact on the backs of the photographs, but the arrangement of the photographs was updated to reflect more accurate and descriptive groupings.","Explain why even though photos are labelled Millers' reception that's not true.","Attendees include Ronald Carrier, Governor John Dalton, Walter McGraw, Raymond Dingledine Jr. and two unidentified Asian dignitaries. Other attendees are also unidentified. The event does not appear to have taken place on campus and possibly occurred in Richmond.","Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records or faculty/staff personnel files, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ronald E. Carrier Papers comprise the administrative records of James Madison University's fourth president.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Presidents","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Presidents","James Madison University -- Planning","Madison College -- Planning","James Madison University -- Buildings","Memphis State University","East Tennessee State University","Memphis State College","Longwood College","Lord Fairfax Community College","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","White, Louise","Carrier, Edith J., 1934-2021","Godwin, Mills E. (Mills Edwin), 1914-1999","Robb, Charles S. (Charles Spittal) (1939-06-26)","White, Helen Mugler (1903-1990)","Baliles, Gerald L. (Gerald Lee) (1940-07-08-2019-10-29)","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Byrd, Harry F., Jr. (Harry Flood), 1914-2013","Wilder, Lawrence Douglas, 1931-","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Warner, Mark R. (Mark Robert) (1954-12-15)","Peres, Shimon, 1923-2016","Davis, D'Earcy P., Jr. (D'Earcy Paul), 1917-1990","Chandler, Wallace L. (Wallace Lee), 1926-2021","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Spurlock, James B., Jr., d. 2019","Taylor, James H., Jr.","Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Thomas, Clarence, 1948-","Lee, Emily Lewis, 1922-2014","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ronald E. Carrier papers, 1909/2016, bulk 1960/2016"],"collection_ssim":["Ronald E. Carrier papers, 1909/2016, bulk 1960/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 0053","/repositories/4/resources/698"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 0053","/repositories/4/resources/698"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","White, Louise"],"creator_ssim":["Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","White, Louise"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","White, Louise","Carrier, Edith J., 1934-2021","Godwin, Mills E. (Mills Edwin), 1914-1999","Robb, Charles S. (Charles Spittal) (1939-06-26)","White, Helen Mugler (1903-1990)","Baliles, Gerald L. (Gerald Lee) (1940-07-08-2019-10-29)","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Byrd, Harry F., Jr. (Harry Flood), 1914-2013","Wilder, Lawrence Douglas, 1931-","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Warner, Mark R. (Mark Robert) (1954-12-15)","Peres, Shimon, 1923-2016","Davis, D'Earcy P., Jr. (D'Earcy Paul), 1917-1990","Chandler, Wallace L. (Wallace Lee), 1926-2021","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Spurlock, James B., Jr., d. 2019","Taylor, James H., Jr.","Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Thomas, Clarence, 1948-","Lee, Emily Lewis, 1922-2014"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Presidents","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Presidents","James Madison University -- Planning","Madison College -- Planning","James Madison University -- Buildings","Memphis State University","East Tennessee State University","Memphis State College","Longwood College","Lord Fairfax Community College"],"creators_ssim":["Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","White, Louise","Carrier, Edith J., 1934-2021","Godwin, Mills E. (Mills Edwin), 1914-1999","Robb, Charles S. (Charles Spittal) (1939-06-26)","White, Helen Mugler (1903-1990)","Baliles, Gerald L. (Gerald Lee) (1940-07-08-2019-10-29)","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Byrd, Harry F., Jr. (Harry Flood), 1914-2013","Wilder, Lawrence Douglas, 1931-","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Warner, Mark R. (Mark Robert) (1954-12-15)","Peres, Shimon, 1923-2016","Davis, D'Earcy P., Jr. (D'Earcy Paul), 1917-1990","Chandler, Wallace L. (Wallace Lee), 1926-2021","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Spurlock, James B., Jr., d. 2019","Taylor, James H., Jr.","Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Thomas, Clarence, 1948-","Lee, Emily Lewis, 1922-2014","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Presidents","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Presidents","James Madison University -- Planning","Madison College -- Planning","James Madison University -- Buildings","Memphis State University","East Tennessee State University","Memphis State College","Longwood College","Lord Fairfax Community College"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records or faculty/staff personnel files, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection includes accessions PS 94-0906, PR 2000-0516B, 2010-0309, and 2017-1130. Records were transferred to Special Collections beginning in 1994 through 2017 by the Office of the President and Public Affairs."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Administration","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Administration","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","College presidents -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Inauguration","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Speeches (Documents)","Letters (correspondence)","Administrative records","Administrative reports"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Administration","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Administration","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","College presidents -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Inauguration","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Speeches (Documents)","Letters (correspondence)","Administrative records","Administrative reports"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.29 cubic feet 17 boxes, 3 audiocassettes, 2 microcassettes, 1 CD, 1 VHS"],"extent_tesim":["6.29 cubic feet 17 boxes, 3 audiocassettes, 2 microcassettes, 1 CD, 1 VHS"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Photographs","Speeches (Documents)","Letters (correspondence)","Administrative records","Administrative reports"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research with the exception of audiovisual materials and electronic media (VHS, audiocassettes, microcassettes, CD) which have not been reformatted. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research with the exception of audiovisual materials and electronic media (VHS, audiocassettes, microcassettes, CD) which have not been reformatted. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThree dimensional objects including Carrier's hard hat and desk name plates were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Three dimensional objects including Carrier's hard hat and desk name plates were not retained."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into four series. Each series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Files, 1962-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSpeeches and Writings, circa 1960-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1969-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, circa 1909-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into four series. Each series is arranged chronologically.","Administrative Files, 1962-2016\n      Speeches and Writings, circa 1960-2012\n      Correspondence, 1969-2016\n      Photographs, circa 1909-2015"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRonald E. Carrier (1932-2017) served as the fourth president of James Madison University from 1971 until 1998. He came to Madison College from Memphis State University, where he held several administrative positions including Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost. Prior to Memphis State, Carrier was an associate professor of economics at the University of Mississippi from 1960 to 1963. He was a graduate of East Tennessee State University and the University of Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his time at JMU, Carrier oversaw the physical expansion of campus with several large-scale building campaigns including Godwin Hall and expansions and renovations to Carrier Library as well as the growth of east campus with the Convocation Center, University Recreation Center (UREC), and the ISAT academic buildings. In total, the university added or approved $240 million in new facilities. Other significant accomplishments include increased enrollment to 14,000 students, increased operating budget to $200 million, forty new programs were added with five new colleges including the College of Integrated Science and Technology (CISAT), and establishment of a graduate school. Carrier is largely credited with the vision of East Campus. Under Carrier's leadership Madison College changed its name to James Madison University in 1977. In December 1983, Carrier accepted the position of chancellor at the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville only to rescind his acceptance the following month due to unexpected administrative changes at Arkansas. In the mid-1990s, Carrier initiated the restructuring of several academic departments and colleges as well as called for the elimination of physics as a major. This was a largely unpopular decision with many faculty and students that ultimately did not materialize. Carrier Library was named in honor of Ronald and Edith Carrier in 1984. Carrier served as Chancellor of JMU from 1998 until 2002 at which point he was awarded President Emeritus status.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ronald E. Carrier (1932-2017) served as the fourth president of James Madison University from 1971 until 1998. He came to Madison College from Memphis State University, where he held several administrative positions including Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost. Prior to Memphis State, Carrier was an associate professor of economics at the University of Mississippi from 1960 to 1963. He was a graduate of East Tennessee State University and the University of Illinois.","During his time at JMU, Carrier oversaw the physical expansion of campus with several large-scale building campaigns including Godwin Hall and expansions and renovations to Carrier Library as well as the growth of east campus with the Convocation Center, University Recreation Center (UREC), and the ISAT academic buildings. In total, the university added or approved $240 million in new facilities. Other significant accomplishments include increased enrollment to 14,000 students, increased operating budget to $200 million, forty new programs were added with five new colleges including the College of Integrated Science and Technology (CISAT), and establishment of a graduate school. Carrier is largely credited with the vision of East Campus. Under Carrier's leadership Madison College changed its name to James Madison University in 1977. In December 1983, Carrier accepted the position of chancellor at the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville only to rescind his acceptance the following month due to unexpected administrative changes at Arkansas. In the mid-1990s, Carrier initiated the restructuring of several academic departments and colleges as well as called for the elimination of physics as a major. This was a largely unpopular decision with many faculty and students that ultimately did not materialize. Carrier Library was named in honor of Ronald and Edith Carrier in 1984. Carrier served as Chancellor of JMU from 1998 until 2002 at which point he was awarded President Emeritus status."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item] [box #, folder #], Ronald E. Carrier Papers, 1919-2016 (bulk 1960-2016), UA 0053, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item] [box #, folder #], Ronald E. Carrier Papers, 1919-2016 (bulk 1960-2016), UA 0053, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn December 2022, all previously processed Carrier accessions were combined with unprocessed accessions to form one collection under UA 0053. At this time, the description, arrangement, and collection inventory were updated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents of folders were combined when appropriate. Printouts of webpages including Wikipedia were discarded. Folder titles are both creator and archivist-supplied. The original 1996 letter and statement from Mills Godwin regarding Carrier's 25th anniversary was photocopied and discarded due to deteriorating condition. Framed items including awards were removed from frames which were discarded. Items that exhibited excessive water damage were also discarded. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA small accession of photographs was transferred in 2009 and during its initial processing in 2011 photographs were given an identifier with the prefix P0003. This identifier refers to a short-lived practice of numbering and organizing photographs into discrete collections irrespective of provenance. The legacy P0003 identifiers were left intact on the backs of the photographs, but the arrangement of the photographs was updated to reflect more accurate and descriptive groupings.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In December 2022, all previously processed Carrier accessions were combined with unprocessed accessions to form one collection under UA 0053. At this time, the description, arrangement, and collection inventory were updated.","Contents of folders were combined when appropriate. Printouts of webpages including Wikipedia were discarded. Folder titles are both creator and archivist-supplied. The original 1996 letter and statement from Mills Godwin regarding Carrier's 25th anniversary was photocopied and discarded due to deteriorating condition. Framed items including awards were removed from frames which were discarded. Items that exhibited excessive water damage were also discarded.","A small accession of photographs was transferred in 2009 and during its initial processing in 2011 photographs were given an identifier with the prefix P0003. This identifier refers to a short-lived practice of numbering and organizing photographs into discrete collections irrespective of provenance. The legacy P0003 identifiers were left intact on the backs of the photographs, but the arrangement of the photographs was updated to reflect more accurate and descriptive groupings."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Madison University, Office of the President. Records, 1951-2001. Accession 44225. State Records Collection, The Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["James Madison University, Office of the President. Records, 1951-2001. Accession 44225. State Records Collection, The Library of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ronald E. Carrier Papers comprise the administrative records of James Madison University's fourth president. Records include annual reports and master plans, departmental goals and objectives, Carrier's resumes and biographical statements, honors and awards, philanthropic initiatives, speeches, photographs, and scrapbooks. While much of the collection documents Carrier's tenure as JMU president, a limited amount of materials relate to his work at Memphis State University. Of particular interest is Carrier's appointment and inauguration which is documented through congratulatory correspondence, printed ephemera, and photographs. Various building campaigns are documented to varying degrees and include Godwin Hall, Miller Hall, Carrier Library, and Sonner Hall.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Administrative Files, 1962-2016, includes annual reports; master plans; goals and objectives for various university divisions and departments, most notably the Office of Affirmative Action and the Office of Disability Services; philanthropic and scholarship initiatives; and documentation of Carrier's various honors and awards. Specific projects documented include the establishment of the College of Integrated Science and Technology (CISAT); the Edith J. Carrier Arboretum, named after Carrier's wife; and the Greater University Commission. The academic restructuring of the mid-1990s is documented in the CISAT files but specifically in a CD containing legal documents for the court case Faculty for Responsible Change (FRC) vs. The Visitors of James Madison University (1995).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes report on \"Proposed Development of 133 Acres East of I-81\" compiled by Ray V. Sonner, February 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Speeches and Writings, circa 1960-2012, contains speeches given to university and community audiences as well as Carrier's writings specifically drafts of his dissertation \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAn Economic Analysis of Trade Union Power\u003c/emph\u003e. Speeches were primarily delivered to regional and national organizations, local business and civic organizations, local schools and colleges, and JMU meetings and events including remarks to faculty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes address to the Virginia Education Association for Higher Education titled \"The Need for Diversity in Higher Education,\" dedication of Plains Elementary School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Correspondence, 1969-2016, comprises corespondence primarily written to Carrier though file copies written by Carrier are also included. The bulk of the letters congratulate Carrier on his appointment as president of Madison College in 1970 and also concern his initial acceptance of the position of chancellor at University of Arkansas at Fayetteville in 1983 and his ultimate decision to stay at James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Photographs, circa 1909-2015, documents social events; Board of Visitors luncheons and parties; get-togethers at the Carriers' home, Oakview, located in the Forest Hills neighborhood; commencement; various speaking events; sporting events; and building dedications and groundbreakings. Carrier's December 1971 inauguration is thoroughly documented. Photographs prominently feature Carrier along with students, faculty and staff, community members, guest speakers, members of the Board of Visitors, family, and friends. This series also includes four bound scrapbooks of photographs and ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLegacy P0003 identifiers from a 2009 accession were written on the backs of photographs during processing. The identifiers were left intact on the backs of the photographs, but the arrangement of the photographs was updated to reflect more accurate and descriptive groupings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExplain why even though photos are labelled Millers' reception that's not true.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAttendees include Ronald Carrier, Governor John Dalton, Walter McGraw, Raymond Dingledine Jr. and two unidentified Asian dignitaries. Other attendees are also unidentified. The event does not appear to have taken place on campus and possibly occurred in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ronald E. Carrier Papers comprise the administrative records of James Madison University's fourth president. Records include annual reports and master plans, departmental goals and objectives, Carrier's resumes and biographical statements, honors and awards, philanthropic initiatives, speeches, photographs, and scrapbooks. While much of the collection documents Carrier's tenure as JMU president, a limited amount of materials relate to his work at Memphis State University. Of particular interest is Carrier's appointment and inauguration which is documented through congratulatory correspondence, printed ephemera, and photographs. Various building campaigns are documented to varying degrees and include Godwin Hall, Miller Hall, Carrier Library, and Sonner Hall.","Series 1: Administrative Files, 1962-2016, includes annual reports; master plans; goals and objectives for various university divisions and departments, most notably the Office of Affirmative Action and the Office of Disability Services; philanthropic and scholarship initiatives; and documentation of Carrier's various honors and awards. Specific projects documented include the establishment of the College of Integrated Science and Technology (CISAT); the Edith J. Carrier Arboretum, named after Carrier's wife; and the Greater University Commission. The academic restructuring of the mid-1990s is documented in the CISAT files but specifically in a CD containing legal documents for the court case Faculty for Responsible Change (FRC) vs. The Visitors of James Madison University (1995).","Includes report on \"Proposed Development of 133 Acres East of I-81\" compiled by Ray V. Sonner, February 1975.","Series 2: Speeches and Writings, circa 1960-2012, contains speeches given to university and community audiences as well as Carrier's writings specifically drafts of his dissertation An Economic Analysis of Trade Union Power. Speeches were primarily delivered to regional and national organizations, local business and civic organizations, local schools and colleges, and JMU meetings and events including remarks to faculty.","Includes address to the Virginia Education Association for Higher Education titled \"The Need for Diversity in Higher Education,\" dedication of Plains Elementary School.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1969-2016, comprises corespondence primarily written to Carrier though file copies written by Carrier are also included. The bulk of the letters congratulate Carrier on his appointment as president of Madison College in 1970 and also concern his initial acceptance of the position of chancellor at University of Arkansas at Fayetteville in 1983 and his ultimate decision to stay at James Madison University.","Series 4: Photographs, circa 1909-2015, documents social events; Board of Visitors luncheons and parties; get-togethers at the Carriers' home, Oakview, located in the Forest Hills neighborhood; commencement; various speaking events; sporting events; and building dedications and groundbreakings. Carrier's December 1971 inauguration is thoroughly documented. Photographs prominently feature Carrier along with students, faculty and staff, community members, guest speakers, members of the Board of Visitors, family, and friends. This series also includes four bound scrapbooks of photographs and ephemera.","Legacy P0003 identifiers from a 2009 accession were written on the backs of photographs during processing. The identifiers were left intact on the backs of the photographs, but the arrangement of the photographs was updated to reflect more accurate and descriptive groupings.","Explain why even though photos are labelled Millers' reception that's not true.","Attendees include Ronald Carrier, Governor John Dalton, Walter McGraw, Raymond Dingledine Jr. and two unidentified Asian dignitaries. Other attendees are also unidentified. The event does not appear to have taken place on campus and possibly occurred in Richmond."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStaff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records or faculty/staff personnel files, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records or faculty/staff personnel files, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5584abcd72d20599e660c098ae9f1992\"\u003eThe Ronald E. Carrier Papers comprise the administrative records of James Madison University's fourth president.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Ronald E. Carrier Papers comprise the administrative records of James Madison University's fourth president."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Presidents","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Presidents","James Madison University -- Planning","Madison College -- Planning","James Madison University -- Buildings","Memphis State University","East Tennessee State University","Memphis State College","Longwood College","Lord Fairfax Community College"],"names_coll_ssim":["James Madison University -- Presidents","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Presidents","James Madison University -- Planning","Madison College -- Planning","James Madison University -- Buildings","Memphis State University","White, Louise","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017"],"persname_ssim":["Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","White, Louise","Carrier, Edith J., 1934-2021","Godwin, Mills E. (Mills Edwin), 1914-1999","Robb, Charles S. (Charles Spittal) (1939-06-26)","White, Helen Mugler (1903-1990)","Baliles, Gerald L. (Gerald Lee) (1940-07-08-2019-10-29)","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Byrd, Harry F., Jr. (Harry Flood), 1914-2013","Wilder, Lawrence Douglas, 1931-","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Warner, Mark R. (Mark Robert) (1954-12-15)","Peres, Shimon, 1923-2016","Davis, D'Earcy P., Jr. (D'Earcy Paul), 1917-1990","Chandler, Wallace L. (Wallace Lee), 1926-2021","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Spurlock, James B., Jr., d. 2019","Taylor, James H., Jr.","Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Thomas, Clarence, 1948-","Lee, Emily Lewis, 1922-2014"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Presidents","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Presidents","James Madison University -- Planning","Madison College -- Planning","James Madison University -- Buildings","Memphis State University","East Tennessee State University","Memphis State College","Longwood College","Lord Fairfax Community College","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","White, Louise","Carrier, Edith J., 1934-2021","Godwin, Mills E. (Mills Edwin), 1914-1999","Robb, Charles S. (Charles Spittal) (1939-06-26)","White, Helen Mugler (1903-1990)","Baliles, Gerald L. (Gerald Lee) (1940-07-08-2019-10-29)","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Byrd, Harry F., Jr. (Harry Flood), 1914-2013","Wilder, Lawrence Douglas, 1931-","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Warner, Mark R. (Mark Robert) (1954-12-15)","Peres, Shimon, 1923-2016","Davis, D'Earcy P., Jr. (D'Earcy Paul), 1917-1990","Chandler, Wallace L. (Wallace Lee), 1926-2021","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Spurlock, James B., Jr., d. 2019","Taylor, James H., Jr.","Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Thomas, Clarence, 1948-","Lee, Emily Lewis, 1922-2014"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":222,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:12.526Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_698","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_698","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_698","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_698","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_698.xml","title_ssm":["Ronald E. Carrier papers"],"title_tesim":["Ronald E. Carrier papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-2016","1960-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-2016"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/2016, bulk 1960/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ronald E. Carrier papers, 1909/2016, bulk 1960/2016"],"text":["Ronald E. Carrier papers, 1909/2016, bulk 1960/2016","UA 0053","/repositories/4/resources/698","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Administration","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Administration","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","College presidents -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Inauguration","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Speeches (Documents)","Letters (correspondence)","Administrative records","Administrative reports","Collection is open for research with the exception of audiovisual materials and electronic media (VHS, audiocassettes, microcassettes, CD) which have not been reformatted. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Three dimensional objects including Carrier's hard hat and desk name plates were not retained.","The collection is arranged into four series. Each series is arranged chronologically.","Administrative Files, 1962-2016\n      Speeches and Writings, circa 1960-2012\n      Correspondence, 1969-2016\n      Photographs, circa 1909-2015","Ronald E. Carrier (1932-2017) served as the fourth president of James Madison University from 1971 until 1998. He came to Madison College from Memphis State University, where he held several administrative positions including Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost. Prior to Memphis State, Carrier was an associate professor of economics at the University of Mississippi from 1960 to 1963. He was a graduate of East Tennessee State University and the University of Illinois.","During his time at JMU, Carrier oversaw the physical expansion of campus with several large-scale building campaigns including Godwin Hall and expansions and renovations to Carrier Library as well as the growth of east campus with the Convocation Center, University Recreation Center (UREC), and the ISAT academic buildings. In total, the university added or approved $240 million in new facilities. Other significant accomplishments include increased enrollment to 14,000 students, increased operating budget to $200 million, forty new programs were added with five new colleges including the College of Integrated Science and Technology (CISAT), and establishment of a graduate school. Carrier is largely credited with the vision of East Campus. Under Carrier's leadership Madison College changed its name to James Madison University in 1977. In December 1983, Carrier accepted the position of chancellor at the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville only to rescind his acceptance the following month due to unexpected administrative changes at Arkansas. In the mid-1990s, Carrier initiated the restructuring of several academic departments and colleges as well as called for the elimination of physics as a major. This was a largely unpopular decision with many faculty and students that ultimately did not materialize. Carrier Library was named in honor of Ronald and Edith Carrier in 1984. Carrier served as Chancellor of JMU from 1998 until 2002 at which point he was awarded President Emeritus status.","In December 2022, all previously processed Carrier accessions were combined with unprocessed accessions to form one collection under UA 0053. At this time, the description, arrangement, and collection inventory were updated.","Contents of folders were combined when appropriate. Printouts of webpages including Wikipedia were discarded. Folder titles are both creator and archivist-supplied. The original 1996 letter and statement from Mills Godwin regarding Carrier's 25th anniversary was photocopied and discarded due to deteriorating condition. Framed items including awards were removed from frames which were discarded. Items that exhibited excessive water damage were also discarded.","A small accession of photographs was transferred in 2009 and during its initial processing in 2011 photographs were given an identifier with the prefix P0003. This identifier refers to a short-lived practice of numbering and organizing photographs into discrete collections irrespective of provenance. The legacy P0003 identifiers were left intact on the backs of the photographs, but the arrangement of the photographs was updated to reflect more accurate and descriptive groupings.","James Madison University, Office of the President. Records, 1951-2001. Accession 44225. State Records Collection, The Library of Virginia.","The Ronald E. Carrier Papers comprise the administrative records of James Madison University's fourth president. Records include annual reports and master plans, departmental goals and objectives, Carrier's resumes and biographical statements, honors and awards, philanthropic initiatives, speeches, photographs, and scrapbooks. While much of the collection documents Carrier's tenure as JMU president, a limited amount of materials relate to his work at Memphis State University. Of particular interest is Carrier's appointment and inauguration which is documented through congratulatory correspondence, printed ephemera, and photographs. Various building campaigns are documented to varying degrees and include Godwin Hall, Miller Hall, Carrier Library, and Sonner Hall.","Series 1: Administrative Files, 1962-2016, includes annual reports; master plans; goals and objectives for various university divisions and departments, most notably the Office of Affirmative Action and the Office of Disability Services; philanthropic and scholarship initiatives; and documentation of Carrier's various honors and awards. Specific projects documented include the establishment of the College of Integrated Science and Technology (CISAT); the Edith J. Carrier Arboretum, named after Carrier's wife; and the Greater University Commission. The academic restructuring of the mid-1990s is documented in the CISAT files but specifically in a CD containing legal documents for the court case Faculty for Responsible Change (FRC) vs. The Visitors of James Madison University (1995).","Includes report on \"Proposed Development of 133 Acres East of I-81\" compiled by Ray V. Sonner, February 1975.","Series 2: Speeches and Writings, circa 1960-2012, contains speeches given to university and community audiences as well as Carrier's writings specifically drafts of his dissertation An Economic Analysis of Trade Union Power. Speeches were primarily delivered to regional and national organizations, local business and civic organizations, local schools and colleges, and JMU meetings and events including remarks to faculty.","Includes address to the Virginia Education Association for Higher Education titled \"The Need for Diversity in Higher Education,\" dedication of Plains Elementary School.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1969-2016, comprises corespondence primarily written to Carrier though file copies written by Carrier are also included. The bulk of the letters congratulate Carrier on his appointment as president of Madison College in 1970 and also concern his initial acceptance of the position of chancellor at University of Arkansas at Fayetteville in 1983 and his ultimate decision to stay at James Madison University.","Series 4: Photographs, circa 1909-2015, documents social events; Board of Visitors luncheons and parties; get-togethers at the Carriers' home, Oakview, located in the Forest Hills neighborhood; commencement; various speaking events; sporting events; and building dedications and groundbreakings. Carrier's December 1971 inauguration is thoroughly documented. Photographs prominently feature Carrier along with students, faculty and staff, community members, guest speakers, members of the Board of Visitors, family, and friends. This series also includes four bound scrapbooks of photographs and ephemera.","Legacy P0003 identifiers from a 2009 accession were written on the backs of photographs during processing. The identifiers were left intact on the backs of the photographs, but the arrangement of the photographs was updated to reflect more accurate and descriptive groupings.","Explain why even though photos are labelled Millers' reception that's not true.","Attendees include Ronald Carrier, Governor John Dalton, Walter McGraw, Raymond Dingledine Jr. and two unidentified Asian dignitaries. Other attendees are also unidentified. The event does not appear to have taken place on campus and possibly occurred in Richmond.","Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records or faculty/staff personnel files, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ronald E. Carrier Papers comprise the administrative records of James Madison University's fourth president.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Presidents","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Presidents","James Madison University -- Planning","Madison College -- Planning","James Madison University -- Buildings","Memphis State University","East Tennessee State University","Memphis State College","Longwood College","Lord Fairfax Community College","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","White, Louise","Carrier, Edith J., 1934-2021","Godwin, Mills E. (Mills Edwin), 1914-1999","Robb, Charles S. (Charles Spittal) (1939-06-26)","White, Helen Mugler (1903-1990)","Baliles, Gerald L. (Gerald Lee) (1940-07-08-2019-10-29)","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Byrd, Harry F., Jr. (Harry Flood), 1914-2013","Wilder, Lawrence Douglas, 1931-","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Warner, Mark R. (Mark Robert) (1954-12-15)","Peres, Shimon, 1923-2016","Davis, D'Earcy P., Jr. (D'Earcy Paul), 1917-1990","Chandler, Wallace L. (Wallace Lee), 1926-2021","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Spurlock, James B., Jr., d. 2019","Taylor, James H., Jr.","Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Thomas, Clarence, 1948-","Lee, Emily Lewis, 1922-2014","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ronald E. Carrier papers, 1909/2016, bulk 1960/2016"],"collection_ssim":["Ronald E. Carrier papers, 1909/2016, bulk 1960/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["UA 0053","/repositories/4/resources/698"],"unitid_tesim":["UA 0053","/repositories/4/resources/698"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","White, Louise"],"creator_ssim":["Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","White, Louise"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","White, Louise","Carrier, Edith J., 1934-2021","Godwin, Mills E. (Mills Edwin), 1914-1999","Robb, Charles S. (Charles Spittal) (1939-06-26)","White, Helen Mugler (1903-1990)","Baliles, Gerald L. (Gerald Lee) (1940-07-08-2019-10-29)","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Byrd, Harry F., Jr. (Harry Flood), 1914-2013","Wilder, Lawrence Douglas, 1931-","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Warner, Mark R. (Mark Robert) (1954-12-15)","Peres, Shimon, 1923-2016","Davis, D'Earcy P., Jr. (D'Earcy Paul), 1917-1990","Chandler, Wallace L. (Wallace Lee), 1926-2021","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Spurlock, James B., Jr., d. 2019","Taylor, James H., Jr.","Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Thomas, Clarence, 1948-","Lee, Emily Lewis, 1922-2014"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Presidents","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Presidents","James Madison University -- Planning","Madison College -- Planning","James Madison University -- Buildings","Memphis State University","East Tennessee State University","Memphis State College","Longwood College","Lord Fairfax Community College"],"creators_ssim":["Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","White, Louise","Carrier, Edith J., 1934-2021","Godwin, Mills E. (Mills Edwin), 1914-1999","Robb, Charles S. (Charles Spittal) (1939-06-26)","White, Helen Mugler (1903-1990)","Baliles, Gerald L. (Gerald Lee) (1940-07-08-2019-10-29)","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Byrd, Harry F., Jr. (Harry Flood), 1914-2013","Wilder, Lawrence Douglas, 1931-","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Warner, Mark R. (Mark Robert) (1954-12-15)","Peres, Shimon, 1923-2016","Davis, D'Earcy P., Jr. (D'Earcy Paul), 1917-1990","Chandler, Wallace L. (Wallace Lee), 1926-2021","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Spurlock, James B., Jr., d. 2019","Taylor, James H., Jr.","Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Thomas, Clarence, 1948-","Lee, Emily Lewis, 1922-2014","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Presidents","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Presidents","James Madison University -- Planning","Madison College -- Planning","James Madison University -- Buildings","Memphis State University","East Tennessee State University","Memphis State College","Longwood College","Lord Fairfax Community College"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records or faculty/staff personnel files, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection includes accessions PS 94-0906, PR 2000-0516B, 2010-0309, and 2017-1130. Records were transferred to Special Collections beginning in 1994 through 2017 by the Office of the President and Public Affairs."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Administration","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Administration","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","College presidents -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Inauguration","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Speeches (Documents)","Letters (correspondence)","Administrative records","Administrative reports"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Administration","Universities and colleges -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Administration","Education, Higher -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","College presidents -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Inauguration","Scrapbooks","Photographs","Speeches (Documents)","Letters (correspondence)","Administrative records","Administrative reports"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.29 cubic feet 17 boxes, 3 audiocassettes, 2 microcassettes, 1 CD, 1 VHS"],"extent_tesim":["6.29 cubic feet 17 boxes, 3 audiocassettes, 2 microcassettes, 1 CD, 1 VHS"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Photographs","Speeches (Documents)","Letters (correspondence)","Administrative records","Administrative reports"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research with the exception of audiovisual materials and electronic media (VHS, audiocassettes, microcassettes, CD) which have not been reformatted. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research with the exception of audiovisual materials and electronic media (VHS, audiocassettes, microcassettes, CD) which have not been reformatted. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThree dimensional objects including Carrier's hard hat and desk name plates were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Three dimensional objects including Carrier's hard hat and desk name plates were not retained."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into four series. Each series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Files, 1962-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSpeeches and Writings, circa 1960-2012\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1969-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, circa 1909-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into four series. Each series is arranged chronologically.","Administrative Files, 1962-2016\n      Speeches and Writings, circa 1960-2012\n      Correspondence, 1969-2016\n      Photographs, circa 1909-2015"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRonald E. Carrier (1932-2017) served as the fourth president of James Madison University from 1971 until 1998. He came to Madison College from Memphis State University, where he held several administrative positions including Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost. Prior to Memphis State, Carrier was an associate professor of economics at the University of Mississippi from 1960 to 1963. He was a graduate of East Tennessee State University and the University of Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his time at JMU, Carrier oversaw the physical expansion of campus with several large-scale building campaigns including Godwin Hall and expansions and renovations to Carrier Library as well as the growth of east campus with the Convocation Center, University Recreation Center (UREC), and the ISAT academic buildings. In total, the university added or approved $240 million in new facilities. Other significant accomplishments include increased enrollment to 14,000 students, increased operating budget to $200 million, forty new programs were added with five new colleges including the College of Integrated Science and Technology (CISAT), and establishment of a graduate school. Carrier is largely credited with the vision of East Campus. Under Carrier's leadership Madison College changed its name to James Madison University in 1977. In December 1983, Carrier accepted the position of chancellor at the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville only to rescind his acceptance the following month due to unexpected administrative changes at Arkansas. In the mid-1990s, Carrier initiated the restructuring of several academic departments and colleges as well as called for the elimination of physics as a major. This was a largely unpopular decision with many faculty and students that ultimately did not materialize. Carrier Library was named in honor of Ronald and Edith Carrier in 1984. Carrier served as Chancellor of JMU from 1998 until 2002 at which point he was awarded President Emeritus status.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ronald E. Carrier (1932-2017) served as the fourth president of James Madison University from 1971 until 1998. He came to Madison College from Memphis State University, where he held several administrative positions including Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost. Prior to Memphis State, Carrier was an associate professor of economics at the University of Mississippi from 1960 to 1963. He was a graduate of East Tennessee State University and the University of Illinois.","During his time at JMU, Carrier oversaw the physical expansion of campus with several large-scale building campaigns including Godwin Hall and expansions and renovations to Carrier Library as well as the growth of east campus with the Convocation Center, University Recreation Center (UREC), and the ISAT academic buildings. In total, the university added or approved $240 million in new facilities. Other significant accomplishments include increased enrollment to 14,000 students, increased operating budget to $200 million, forty new programs were added with five new colleges including the College of Integrated Science and Technology (CISAT), and establishment of a graduate school. Carrier is largely credited with the vision of East Campus. Under Carrier's leadership Madison College changed its name to James Madison University in 1977. In December 1983, Carrier accepted the position of chancellor at the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville only to rescind his acceptance the following month due to unexpected administrative changes at Arkansas. In the mid-1990s, Carrier initiated the restructuring of several academic departments and colleges as well as called for the elimination of physics as a major. This was a largely unpopular decision with many faculty and students that ultimately did not materialize. Carrier Library was named in honor of Ronald and Edith Carrier in 1984. Carrier served as Chancellor of JMU from 1998 until 2002 at which point he was awarded President Emeritus status."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item] [box #, folder #], Ronald E. Carrier Papers, 1919-2016 (bulk 1960-2016), UA 0053, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item] [box #, folder #], Ronald E. Carrier Papers, 1919-2016 (bulk 1960-2016), UA 0053, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn December 2022, all previously processed Carrier accessions were combined with unprocessed accessions to form one collection under UA 0053. At this time, the description, arrangement, and collection inventory were updated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents of folders were combined when appropriate. Printouts of webpages including Wikipedia were discarded. Folder titles are both creator and archivist-supplied. The original 1996 letter and statement from Mills Godwin regarding Carrier's 25th anniversary was photocopied and discarded due to deteriorating condition. Framed items including awards were removed from frames which were discarded. Items that exhibited excessive water damage were also discarded. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA small accession of photographs was transferred in 2009 and during its initial processing in 2011 photographs were given an identifier with the prefix P0003. This identifier refers to a short-lived practice of numbering and organizing photographs into discrete collections irrespective of provenance. The legacy P0003 identifiers were left intact on the backs of the photographs, but the arrangement of the photographs was updated to reflect more accurate and descriptive groupings.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In December 2022, all previously processed Carrier accessions were combined with unprocessed accessions to form one collection under UA 0053. At this time, the description, arrangement, and collection inventory were updated.","Contents of folders were combined when appropriate. Printouts of webpages including Wikipedia were discarded. Folder titles are both creator and archivist-supplied. The original 1996 letter and statement from Mills Godwin regarding Carrier's 25th anniversary was photocopied and discarded due to deteriorating condition. Framed items including awards were removed from frames which were discarded. Items that exhibited excessive water damage were also discarded.","A small accession of photographs was transferred in 2009 and during its initial processing in 2011 photographs were given an identifier with the prefix P0003. This identifier refers to a short-lived practice of numbering and organizing photographs into discrete collections irrespective of provenance. The legacy P0003 identifiers were left intact on the backs of the photographs, but the arrangement of the photographs was updated to reflect more accurate and descriptive groupings."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Madison University, Office of the President. Records, 1951-2001. Accession 44225. State Records Collection, The Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["James Madison University, Office of the President. Records, 1951-2001. Accession 44225. State Records Collection, The Library of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ronald E. Carrier Papers comprise the administrative records of James Madison University's fourth president. Records include annual reports and master plans, departmental goals and objectives, Carrier's resumes and biographical statements, honors and awards, philanthropic initiatives, speeches, photographs, and scrapbooks. While much of the collection documents Carrier's tenure as JMU president, a limited amount of materials relate to his work at Memphis State University. Of particular interest is Carrier's appointment and inauguration which is documented through congratulatory correspondence, printed ephemera, and photographs. Various building campaigns are documented to varying degrees and include Godwin Hall, Miller Hall, Carrier Library, and Sonner Hall.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Administrative Files, 1962-2016, includes annual reports; master plans; goals and objectives for various university divisions and departments, most notably the Office of Affirmative Action and the Office of Disability Services; philanthropic and scholarship initiatives; and documentation of Carrier's various honors and awards. Specific projects documented include the establishment of the College of Integrated Science and Technology (CISAT); the Edith J. Carrier Arboretum, named after Carrier's wife; and the Greater University Commission. The academic restructuring of the mid-1990s is documented in the CISAT files but specifically in a CD containing legal documents for the court case Faculty for Responsible Change (FRC) vs. The Visitors of James Madison University (1995).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes report on \"Proposed Development of 133 Acres East of I-81\" compiled by Ray V. Sonner, February 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Speeches and Writings, circa 1960-2012, contains speeches given to university and community audiences as well as Carrier's writings specifically drafts of his dissertation \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAn Economic Analysis of Trade Union Power\u003c/emph\u003e. Speeches were primarily delivered to regional and national organizations, local business and civic organizations, local schools and colleges, and JMU meetings and events including remarks to faculty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes address to the Virginia Education Association for Higher Education titled \"The Need for Diversity in Higher Education,\" dedication of Plains Elementary School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Correspondence, 1969-2016, comprises corespondence primarily written to Carrier though file copies written by Carrier are also included. The bulk of the letters congratulate Carrier on his appointment as president of Madison College in 1970 and also concern his initial acceptance of the position of chancellor at University of Arkansas at Fayetteville in 1983 and his ultimate decision to stay at James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Photographs, circa 1909-2015, documents social events; Board of Visitors luncheons and parties; get-togethers at the Carriers' home, Oakview, located in the Forest Hills neighborhood; commencement; various speaking events; sporting events; and building dedications and groundbreakings. Carrier's December 1971 inauguration is thoroughly documented. Photographs prominently feature Carrier along with students, faculty and staff, community members, guest speakers, members of the Board of Visitors, family, and friends. This series also includes four bound scrapbooks of photographs and ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLegacy P0003 identifiers from a 2009 accession were written on the backs of photographs during processing. The identifiers were left intact on the backs of the photographs, but the arrangement of the photographs was updated to reflect more accurate and descriptive groupings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExplain why even though photos are labelled Millers' reception that's not true.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAttendees include Ronald Carrier, Governor John Dalton, Walter McGraw, Raymond Dingledine Jr. and two unidentified Asian dignitaries. Other attendees are also unidentified. The event does not appear to have taken place on campus and possibly occurred in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ronald E. Carrier Papers comprise the administrative records of James Madison University's fourth president. Records include annual reports and master plans, departmental goals and objectives, Carrier's resumes and biographical statements, honors and awards, philanthropic initiatives, speeches, photographs, and scrapbooks. While much of the collection documents Carrier's tenure as JMU president, a limited amount of materials relate to his work at Memphis State University. Of particular interest is Carrier's appointment and inauguration which is documented through congratulatory correspondence, printed ephemera, and photographs. Various building campaigns are documented to varying degrees and include Godwin Hall, Miller Hall, Carrier Library, and Sonner Hall.","Series 1: Administrative Files, 1962-2016, includes annual reports; master plans; goals and objectives for various university divisions and departments, most notably the Office of Affirmative Action and the Office of Disability Services; philanthropic and scholarship initiatives; and documentation of Carrier's various honors and awards. Specific projects documented include the establishment of the College of Integrated Science and Technology (CISAT); the Edith J. Carrier Arboretum, named after Carrier's wife; and the Greater University Commission. The academic restructuring of the mid-1990s is documented in the CISAT files but specifically in a CD containing legal documents for the court case Faculty for Responsible Change (FRC) vs. The Visitors of James Madison University (1995).","Includes report on \"Proposed Development of 133 Acres East of I-81\" compiled by Ray V. Sonner, February 1975.","Series 2: Speeches and Writings, circa 1960-2012, contains speeches given to university and community audiences as well as Carrier's writings specifically drafts of his dissertation An Economic Analysis of Trade Union Power. Speeches were primarily delivered to regional and national organizations, local business and civic organizations, local schools and colleges, and JMU meetings and events including remarks to faculty.","Includes address to the Virginia Education Association for Higher Education titled \"The Need for Diversity in Higher Education,\" dedication of Plains Elementary School.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1969-2016, comprises corespondence primarily written to Carrier though file copies written by Carrier are also included. The bulk of the letters congratulate Carrier on his appointment as president of Madison College in 1970 and also concern his initial acceptance of the position of chancellor at University of Arkansas at Fayetteville in 1983 and his ultimate decision to stay at James Madison University.","Series 4: Photographs, circa 1909-2015, documents social events; Board of Visitors luncheons and parties; get-togethers at the Carriers' home, Oakview, located in the Forest Hills neighborhood; commencement; various speaking events; sporting events; and building dedications and groundbreakings. Carrier's December 1971 inauguration is thoroughly documented. Photographs prominently feature Carrier along with students, faculty and staff, community members, guest speakers, members of the Board of Visitors, family, and friends. This series also includes four bound scrapbooks of photographs and ephemera.","Legacy P0003 identifiers from a 2009 accession were written on the backs of photographs during processing. The identifiers were left intact on the backs of the photographs, but the arrangement of the photographs was updated to reflect more accurate and descriptive groupings.","Explain why even though photos are labelled Millers' reception that's not true.","Attendees include Ronald Carrier, Governor John Dalton, Walter McGraw, Raymond Dingledine Jr. and two unidentified Asian dignitaries. Other attendees are also unidentified. The event does not appear to have taken place on campus and possibly occurred in Richmond."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStaff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records or faculty/staff personnel files, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright for materials authored or otherwise produced as official business of James Madison University is retained by James Madison University. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information, contact the Special Collections Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials, particularly those relating to students' academic records or faculty/staff personnel files, found within this collection. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5584abcd72d20599e660c098ae9f1992\"\u003eThe Ronald E. Carrier Papers comprise the administrative records of James Madison University's fourth president.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Ronald E. Carrier Papers comprise the administrative records of James Madison University's fourth president."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Presidents","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Presidents","James Madison University -- Planning","Madison College -- Planning","James Madison University -- Buildings","Memphis State University","East Tennessee State University","Memphis State College","Longwood College","Lord Fairfax Community College"],"names_coll_ssim":["James Madison University -- Presidents","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Presidents","James Madison University -- Planning","Madison College -- Planning","James Madison University -- Buildings","Memphis State University","White, Louise","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017"],"persname_ssim":["Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","White, Louise","Carrier, Edith J., 1934-2021","Godwin, Mills E. (Mills Edwin), 1914-1999","Robb, Charles S. (Charles Spittal) (1939-06-26)","White, Helen Mugler (1903-1990)","Baliles, Gerald L. (Gerald Lee) (1940-07-08-2019-10-29)","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Byrd, Harry F., Jr. (Harry Flood), 1914-2013","Wilder, Lawrence Douglas, 1931-","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Warner, Mark R. (Mark Robert) (1954-12-15)","Peres, Shimon, 1923-2016","Davis, D'Earcy P., Jr. (D'Earcy Paul), 1917-1990","Chandler, Wallace L. (Wallace Lee), 1926-2021","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Spurlock, James B., Jr., d. 2019","Taylor, James H., Jr.","Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Thomas, Clarence, 1948-","Lee, Emily Lewis, 1922-2014"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","James Madison University -- Presidents","James Madison University -- History","Madison College -- Presidents","James Madison University -- Planning","Madison College -- Planning","James Madison University -- Buildings","Memphis State University","East Tennessee State University","Memphis State College","Longwood College","Lord Fairfax Community College","Carrier, Ronald E., 1932-2017","White, Louise","Carrier, Edith J., 1934-2021","Godwin, Mills E. (Mills Edwin), 1914-1999","Robb, Charles S. (Charles Spittal) (1939-06-26)","White, Helen Mugler (1903-1990)","Baliles, Gerald L. (Gerald Lee) (1940-07-08-2019-10-29)","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Byrd, Harry F., Jr. (Harry Flood), 1914-2013","Wilder, Lawrence Douglas, 1931-","Miller, G. Tyler (George Tyler), 1902-1988","Warner, Mark R. (Mark Robert) (1954-12-15)","Peres, Shimon, 1923-2016","Davis, D'Earcy P., Jr. (D'Earcy Paul), 1917-1990","Chandler, Wallace L. (Wallace Lee), 1926-2021","Jennings, Lillian Pegues, 1926-2016","Spurlock, James B., Jr., d. 2019","Taylor, James H., Jr.","Campanelli, Lou","Driesell, Lefty, 1931-2024","Thomas, Clarence, 1948-","Lee, Emily Lewis, 1922-2014"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":222,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:12.526Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_698"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_679#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_679#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_679#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_679.xml","title_ssm":["Rupp Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Rupp Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1831-1973"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1831-1973"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1831/1973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973"],"text":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973","SC 0342","/repositories/4/resources/679","New Market (Va.) -- History","Luray (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Mural painting and decoration","Pencil drawing","Legal documents","Financial Records","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Account books","Pencil drawings","Autograph albums","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A small wooden box of pencils and sketching implements was not retained. Two leather wallets were not retained.","The collection is arranged in two series:","Personal papers, 1831-1940\n      Photographs, 1840-1973","William F. Rupp (1834-1908) was a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. While a youth in Germany, Rupp attended design school. He immigrated from Heilbronn, Germany and arrived in New York on July 17, 1854. Rupp resided in Luray for approximately one year and moved to New Market permanently in July 1855. He married Mary Catherine Spitzer (1837-1900) in 1862. Her father, Charles Spitzer, was a New Market gunsmith. In 1866, Rupp purchased what is now known as the Spitzer-Rupp House (located at 9295 Congress Street, New Market) from members of the Spitzer family. William and Mary Rupp had three sons, Charles E. (1863-1930), William \"Willie\" H. (1866-1925), and Joseph H. (1869-1923), all of whom are documented in the collection. While William F. Rupp worked primarily in the Shenandoah Valley, documentary evidence confirms that he also frescoed and painted in North Carolina and Pennsylvania. His fresco painting included churches, public buildings, and private residences, some of which are still extant.","Many members of the immediate and extended Rupp family are buried in New Market's St. Matthew's Cemetery.","Researchers should reference the \"Rupp family obituaries\" file for additional and more complete biographical information.","The materials descended through the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh family of New Market, Virginia. Fritz's mother, Mary Rupp Orebaugh, was the granddaughter of William F. Rupp.","Papers were removed from non-archival document sleeves. Several leather document cases were discarded due to lack of research value and overall condition.","Charles E. Rupp. Papers, 1869-1942. Accession 36719, Personal papers collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.","Most notably, the collection documents the work of William F. Rupp, a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. Rupp's account books list the name and place of buildings he painted, frescoed, and wallpapered including frescoing Rader's Lutheran Church in Timberville and the Shenandoah County Courthouse courtroom in Woodstock. Bound accounts also document his work painting signs and gilding. One book is devoted to Rupp's sketches, including a birds-eye view of Luray, Virginia, but his pencil drawings are also scattered throughout the bound account books.","The collection also comprises photographs, financial documents, tax receipts, correspondence, and photographs related to William Rupp's immediate family including his wife Mary; sons Charles E., William \"Willie\" H., and Joseph H. Rupp, wife Rose, and their daughter Mary E., as well as others.","Series 1: Personal Papers, 1831-1940, includes correspondence, financial and legal documents, account books, and pencil drawings and sketches. The materials primarily document William F. Rupp and his immediate family. Documents also relate to the Spitzer family.","Of note are the materials documenting William F. Rupp's profession as a fresco painter and paperhanger. These materials include business letterhead, account books, sketches, his apprentice certificate, and invoices and financial records. Rupp's sketchbook includes a bird's-eye view of Luray, Virginia that is featured in the Shenandoah Valley Folklore Society's publication Folk and Decorative Art of the Shenandoah Valley, pg. 16, fig. 220. Rupp's account book dated 1867-1930 records the work he did for private individuals as well as work in public buildings. These include Rader's Lutheran Church in Timberville, the Shenandoah County Court House court room, the Methodist Church in Edinburg, the United Brethren Church in Hawkinstown, the New Market Bank of Virginia, and many others. An 1856 document outlines Rupp's plan for providing drawing lessons to the pupils at the New Market Female Seminary and associated charges.","Additional William F. Rupp materials include his 1858 citizenship certificate, two 1866 deeds documenting the purchase of his New Market house (now known as the Spitzer-Rupp House) from the Spitzer family, and his July 1865 oath of allegiance to the United States. Correspondence from R.C. Rupp, William's brother in New York, is written in German.","In addition to bound accounts, the financial documents primarily comprise annual tax receipts.","Charles E. Rupp's diary documents a trip from New Market to the Pacific coast and back with his three companions.","Includes bird's-eye view of Luray, Virginia, other scenes, people, and many fresco designs. The sketch of Luray is featured in the Shenandoah Valley Folklore Society's Folk and Decorative Art of the Shenandoah Valley, pg. 16, fig. 220.","Series 2: Photographs, 1840-1973, comprises photographs, cabinet cards, and a framed daguerreotype and ambrotype of the immediate William F. Rupp family. The photographs are largely identified with a subset of unidentified photographs grouped together. Images of Joseph H. and Rose Neff Rupp comprise the bulk of the photographs with several images featuring people posing with an obelisk-style Confederate memorial. More modern photographs document fresco works attributed to William F. Rupp and include a painted ceiling in the Charles Price home near Stanley, Virginia.","Two printed volumes were separated and cataloged individually.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rupp family","Rupp, William F., 1834-1908","English\n      German"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973"],"collection_ssim":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0342","/repositories/4/resources/679"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0342","/repositories/4/resources/679"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["New Market (Va.) -- History","Luray (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["New Market (Va.) -- History","Luray (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["New Market (Va.) -- History","Luray (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rupp, William F., 1834-1908","Rupp family"],"creator_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rupp, William F., 1834-1908","Rupp family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rupp, William F., 1834-1908"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Rupp family"],"creators_ssim":["Rupp, William F., 1834-1908","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rupp family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired at Jeffrey S. Evans's 37th Semi-Annual Americana/Fine Antiques auction on November 16, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mural painting and decoration","Pencil drawing","Legal documents","Financial Records","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Account books","Pencil drawings","Autograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mural painting and decoration","Pencil drawing","Legal documents","Financial Records","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Account books","Pencil drawings","Autograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.39 cubic feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.39 cubic feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Legal documents","Financial Records","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Account books","Pencil drawings","Autograph albums"],"date_range_isim":[1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA small wooden box of pencils and sketching implements was not retained. Two leather wallets were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["A small wooden box of pencils and sketching implements was not retained. Two leather wallets were not retained."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in two series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal papers, 1831-1940\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, 1840-1973\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in two series:","Personal papers, 1831-1940\n      Photographs, 1840-1973"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam F. Rupp (1834-1908) was a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. While a youth in Germany, Rupp attended design school. He immigrated from Heilbronn, Germany and arrived in New York on July 17, 1854. Rupp resided in Luray for approximately one year and moved to New Market permanently in July 1855. He married Mary Catherine Spitzer (1837-1900) in 1862. Her father, Charles Spitzer, was a New Market gunsmith. In 1866, Rupp purchased what is now known as the Spitzer-Rupp House (located at 9295 Congress Street, New Market) from members of the Spitzer family. William and Mary Rupp had three sons, Charles E. (1863-1930), William \"Willie\" H. (1866-1925), and Joseph H. (1869-1923), all of whom are documented in the collection. While William F. Rupp worked primarily in the Shenandoah Valley, documentary evidence confirms that he also frescoed and painted in North Carolina and Pennsylvania. His fresco painting included churches, public buildings, and private residences, some of which are still extant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany members of the immediate and extended Rupp family are buried in New Market's St. Matthew's Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should reference the \"Rupp family obituaries\" file for additional and more complete biographical information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William F. Rupp (1834-1908) was a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. While a youth in Germany, Rupp attended design school. He immigrated from Heilbronn, Germany and arrived in New York on July 17, 1854. Rupp resided in Luray for approximately one year and moved to New Market permanently in July 1855. He married Mary Catherine Spitzer (1837-1900) in 1862. Her father, Charles Spitzer, was a New Market gunsmith. In 1866, Rupp purchased what is now known as the Spitzer-Rupp House (located at 9295 Congress Street, New Market) from members of the Spitzer family. William and Mary Rupp had three sons, Charles E. (1863-1930), William \"Willie\" H. (1866-1925), and Joseph H. (1869-1923), all of whom are documented in the collection. While William F. Rupp worked primarily in the Shenandoah Valley, documentary evidence confirms that he also frescoed and painted in North Carolina and Pennsylvania. His fresco painting included churches, public buildings, and private residences, some of which are still extant.","Many members of the immediate and extended Rupp family are buried in New Market's St. Matthew's Cemetery.","Researchers should reference the \"Rupp family obituaries\" file for additional and more complete biographical information."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials descended through the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh family of New Market, Virginia. Fritz's mother, Mary Rupp Orebaugh, was the granddaughter of William F. Rupp.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The materials descended through the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh family of New Market, Virginia. Fritz's mother, Mary Rupp Orebaugh, was the granddaughter of William F. Rupp."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Rupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Rupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers were removed from non-archival document sleeves. Several leather document cases were discarded due to lack of research value and overall condition.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Papers were removed from non-archival document sleeves. Several leather document cases were discarded due to lack of research value and overall condition."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles E. Rupp. Papers, 1869-1942. Accession 36719, Personal papers collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Charles E. Rupp. Papers, 1869-1942. Accession 36719, Personal papers collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost notably, the collection documents the work of William F. Rupp, a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. Rupp's account books list the name and place of buildings he painted, frescoed, and wallpapered including frescoing Rader's Lutheran Church in Timberville and the Shenandoah County Courthouse courtroom in Woodstock. Bound accounts also document his work painting signs and gilding. One book is devoted to Rupp's sketches, including a birds-eye view of Luray, Virginia, but his pencil drawings are also scattered throughout the bound account books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also comprises photographs, financial documents, tax receipts, correspondence, and photographs related to William Rupp's immediate family including his wife Mary; sons Charles E., William \"Willie\" H., and Joseph H. Rupp, wife Rose, and their daughter Mary E., as well as others.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Personal Papers, 1831-1940, includes correspondence, financial and legal documents, account books, and pencil drawings and sketches. The materials primarily document William F. Rupp and his immediate family. Documents also relate to the Spitzer family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf note are the materials documenting William F. Rupp's profession as a fresco painter and paperhanger. These materials include business letterhead, account books, sketches, his apprentice certificate, and invoices and financial records. Rupp's sketchbook includes a bird's-eye view of Luray, Virginia that is featured in the Shenandoah Valley Folklore Society's publication \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFolk and Decorative Art of the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e, pg. 16, fig. 220. Rupp's account book dated 1867-1930 records the work he did for private individuals as well as work in public buildings. These include Rader's Lutheran Church in Timberville, the Shenandoah County Court House court room, the Methodist Church in Edinburg, the United Brethren Church in Hawkinstown, the New Market Bank of Virginia, and many others. An 1856 document outlines Rupp's plan for providing drawing lessons to the pupils at the New Market Female Seminary and associated charges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional William F. Rupp materials include his 1858 citizenship certificate, two 1866 deeds documenting the purchase of his New Market house (now known as the Spitzer-Rupp House) from the Spitzer family, and his July 1865 oath of allegiance to the United States. Correspondence from R.C. Rupp, William's brother in New York, is written in German.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to bound accounts, the financial documents primarily comprise annual tax receipts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles E. Rupp's diary documents a trip from New Market to the Pacific coast and back with his three companions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes bird's-eye view of Luray, Virginia, other scenes, people, and many fresco designs. The sketch of Luray is featured in the Shenandoah Valley Folklore Society's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFolk and Decorative Art of the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e, pg. 16, fig. 220.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Photographs, 1840-1973, comprises photographs, cabinet cards, and a framed daguerreotype and ambrotype of the immediate William F. Rupp family. The photographs are largely identified with a subset of unidentified photographs grouped together. Images of Joseph H. and Rose Neff Rupp comprise the bulk of the photographs with several images featuring people posing with an obelisk-style Confederate memorial. More modern photographs document fresco works attributed to William F. Rupp and include a painted ceiling in the Charles Price home near Stanley, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.","Most notably, the collection documents the work of William F. Rupp, a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. Rupp's account books list the name and place of buildings he painted, frescoed, and wallpapered including frescoing Rader's Lutheran Church in Timberville and the Shenandoah County Courthouse courtroom in Woodstock. Bound accounts also document his work painting signs and gilding. One book is devoted to Rupp's sketches, including a birds-eye view of Luray, Virginia, but his pencil drawings are also scattered throughout the bound account books.","The collection also comprises photographs, financial documents, tax receipts, correspondence, and photographs related to William Rupp's immediate family including his wife Mary; sons Charles E., William \"Willie\" H., and Joseph H. Rupp, wife Rose, and their daughter Mary E., as well as others.","Series 1: Personal Papers, 1831-1940, includes correspondence, financial and legal documents, account books, and pencil drawings and sketches. The materials primarily document William F. Rupp and his immediate family. Documents also relate to the Spitzer family.","Of note are the materials documenting William F. Rupp's profession as a fresco painter and paperhanger. These materials include business letterhead, account books, sketches, his apprentice certificate, and invoices and financial records. Rupp's sketchbook includes a bird's-eye view of Luray, Virginia that is featured in the Shenandoah Valley Folklore Society's publication Folk and Decorative Art of the Shenandoah Valley, pg. 16, fig. 220. Rupp's account book dated 1867-1930 records the work he did for private individuals as well as work in public buildings. These include Rader's Lutheran Church in Timberville, the Shenandoah County Court House court room, the Methodist Church in Edinburg, the United Brethren Church in Hawkinstown, the New Market Bank of Virginia, and many others. An 1856 document outlines Rupp's plan for providing drawing lessons to the pupils at the New Market Female Seminary and associated charges.","Additional William F. Rupp materials include his 1858 citizenship certificate, two 1866 deeds documenting the purchase of his New Market house (now known as the Spitzer-Rupp House) from the Spitzer family, and his July 1865 oath of allegiance to the United States. Correspondence from R.C. Rupp, William's brother in New York, is written in German.","In addition to bound accounts, the financial documents primarily comprise annual tax receipts.","Charles E. Rupp's diary documents a trip from New Market to the Pacific coast and back with his three companions.","Includes bird's-eye view of Luray, Virginia, other scenes, people, and many fresco designs. The sketch of Luray is featured in the Shenandoah Valley Folklore Society's Folk and Decorative Art of the Shenandoah Valley, pg. 16, fig. 220.","Series 2: Photographs, 1840-1973, comprises photographs, cabinet cards, and a framed daguerreotype and ambrotype of the immediate William F. Rupp family. The photographs are largely identified with a subset of unidentified photographs grouped together. Images of Joseph H. and Rose Neff Rupp comprise the bulk of the photographs with several images featuring people posing with an obelisk-style Confederate memorial. More modern photographs document fresco works attributed to William F. Rupp and include a painted ceiling in the Charles Price home near Stanley, Virginia."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo printed volumes were separated and cataloged individually.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Two printed volumes were separated and cataloged individually."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_055eb20ddf8f91318397f15cdb672218\"\u003eThe collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"famname_ssim":["Rupp family"],"persname_ssim":["Rupp, William F., 1834-1908"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rupp family","Rupp, William F., 1834-1908"],"language_ssim":["English\n      German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":42,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_679.xml","title_ssm":["Rupp Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Rupp Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1831-1973"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1831-1973"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1831/1973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973"],"text":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973","SC 0342","/repositories/4/resources/679","New Market (Va.) -- History","Luray (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Mural painting and decoration","Pencil drawing","Legal documents","Financial Records","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Account books","Pencil drawings","Autograph albums","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A small wooden box of pencils and sketching implements was not retained. Two leather wallets were not retained.","The collection is arranged in two series:","Personal papers, 1831-1940\n      Photographs, 1840-1973","William F. Rupp (1834-1908) was a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. While a youth in Germany, Rupp attended design school. He immigrated from Heilbronn, Germany and arrived in New York on July 17, 1854. Rupp resided in Luray for approximately one year and moved to New Market permanently in July 1855. He married Mary Catherine Spitzer (1837-1900) in 1862. Her father, Charles Spitzer, was a New Market gunsmith. In 1866, Rupp purchased what is now known as the Spitzer-Rupp House (located at 9295 Congress Street, New Market) from members of the Spitzer family. William and Mary Rupp had three sons, Charles E. (1863-1930), William \"Willie\" H. (1866-1925), and Joseph H. (1869-1923), all of whom are documented in the collection. While William F. Rupp worked primarily in the Shenandoah Valley, documentary evidence confirms that he also frescoed and painted in North Carolina and Pennsylvania. His fresco painting included churches, public buildings, and private residences, some of which are still extant.","Many members of the immediate and extended Rupp family are buried in New Market's St. Matthew's Cemetery.","Researchers should reference the \"Rupp family obituaries\" file for additional and more complete biographical information.","The materials descended through the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh family of New Market, Virginia. Fritz's mother, Mary Rupp Orebaugh, was the granddaughter of William F. Rupp.","Papers were removed from non-archival document sleeves. Several leather document cases were discarded due to lack of research value and overall condition.","Charles E. Rupp. Papers, 1869-1942. Accession 36719, Personal papers collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.","Most notably, the collection documents the work of William F. Rupp, a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. Rupp's account books list the name and place of buildings he painted, frescoed, and wallpapered including frescoing Rader's Lutheran Church in Timberville and the Shenandoah County Courthouse courtroom in Woodstock. Bound accounts also document his work painting signs and gilding. One book is devoted to Rupp's sketches, including a birds-eye view of Luray, Virginia, but his pencil drawings are also scattered throughout the bound account books.","The collection also comprises photographs, financial documents, tax receipts, correspondence, and photographs related to William Rupp's immediate family including his wife Mary; sons Charles E., William \"Willie\" H., and Joseph H. Rupp, wife Rose, and their daughter Mary E., as well as others.","Series 1: Personal Papers, 1831-1940, includes correspondence, financial and legal documents, account books, and pencil drawings and sketches. The materials primarily document William F. Rupp and his immediate family. Documents also relate to the Spitzer family.","Of note are the materials documenting William F. Rupp's profession as a fresco painter and paperhanger. These materials include business letterhead, account books, sketches, his apprentice certificate, and invoices and financial records. Rupp's sketchbook includes a bird's-eye view of Luray, Virginia that is featured in the Shenandoah Valley Folklore Society's publication Folk and Decorative Art of the Shenandoah Valley, pg. 16, fig. 220. Rupp's account book dated 1867-1930 records the work he did for private individuals as well as work in public buildings. These include Rader's Lutheran Church in Timberville, the Shenandoah County Court House court room, the Methodist Church in Edinburg, the United Brethren Church in Hawkinstown, the New Market Bank of Virginia, and many others. An 1856 document outlines Rupp's plan for providing drawing lessons to the pupils at the New Market Female Seminary and associated charges.","Additional William F. Rupp materials include his 1858 citizenship certificate, two 1866 deeds documenting the purchase of his New Market house (now known as the Spitzer-Rupp House) from the Spitzer family, and his July 1865 oath of allegiance to the United States. Correspondence from R.C. Rupp, William's brother in New York, is written in German.","In addition to bound accounts, the financial documents primarily comprise annual tax receipts.","Charles E. Rupp's diary documents a trip from New Market to the Pacific coast and back with his three companions.","Includes bird's-eye view of Luray, Virginia, other scenes, people, and many fresco designs. The sketch of Luray is featured in the Shenandoah Valley Folklore Society's Folk and Decorative Art of the Shenandoah Valley, pg. 16, fig. 220.","Series 2: Photographs, 1840-1973, comprises photographs, cabinet cards, and a framed daguerreotype and ambrotype of the immediate William F. Rupp family. The photographs are largely identified with a subset of unidentified photographs grouped together. Images of Joseph H. and Rose Neff Rupp comprise the bulk of the photographs with several images featuring people posing with an obelisk-style Confederate memorial. More modern photographs document fresco works attributed to William F. Rupp and include a painted ceiling in the Charles Price home near Stanley, Virginia.","Two printed volumes were separated and cataloged individually.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rupp family","Rupp, William F., 1834-1908","English\n      German"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973"],"collection_ssim":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0342","/repositories/4/resources/679"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0342","/repositories/4/resources/679"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["New Market (Va.) -- History","Luray (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["New Market (Va.) -- History","Luray (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["New Market (Va.) -- History","Luray (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rupp, William F., 1834-1908","Rupp family"],"creator_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rupp, William F., 1834-1908","Rupp family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rupp, William F., 1834-1908"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Rupp family"],"creators_ssim":["Rupp, William F., 1834-1908","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rupp family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired at Jeffrey S. Evans's 37th Semi-Annual Americana/Fine Antiques auction on November 16, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mural painting and decoration","Pencil drawing","Legal documents","Financial Records","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Account books","Pencil drawings","Autograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mural painting and decoration","Pencil drawing","Legal documents","Financial Records","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Account books","Pencil drawings","Autograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.39 cubic feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.39 cubic feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Legal documents","Financial Records","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Account books","Pencil drawings","Autograph albums"],"date_range_isim":[1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA small wooden box of pencils and sketching implements was not retained. Two leather wallets were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["A small wooden box of pencils and sketching implements was not retained. Two leather wallets were not retained."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in two series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal papers, 1831-1940\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, 1840-1973\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in two series:","Personal papers, 1831-1940\n      Photographs, 1840-1973"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam F. Rupp (1834-1908) was a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. While a youth in Germany, Rupp attended design school. He immigrated from Heilbronn, Germany and arrived in New York on July 17, 1854. Rupp resided in Luray for approximately one year and moved to New Market permanently in July 1855. He married Mary Catherine Spitzer (1837-1900) in 1862. Her father, Charles Spitzer, was a New Market gunsmith. In 1866, Rupp purchased what is now known as the Spitzer-Rupp House (located at 9295 Congress Street, New Market) from members of the Spitzer family. William and Mary Rupp had three sons, Charles E. (1863-1930), William \"Willie\" H. (1866-1925), and Joseph H. (1869-1923), all of whom are documented in the collection. While William F. Rupp worked primarily in the Shenandoah Valley, documentary evidence confirms that he also frescoed and painted in North Carolina and Pennsylvania. His fresco painting included churches, public buildings, and private residences, some of which are still extant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany members of the immediate and extended Rupp family are buried in New Market's St. Matthew's Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should reference the \"Rupp family obituaries\" file for additional and more complete biographical information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William F. Rupp (1834-1908) was a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. While a youth in Germany, Rupp attended design school. He immigrated from Heilbronn, Germany and arrived in New York on July 17, 1854. Rupp resided in Luray for approximately one year and moved to New Market permanently in July 1855. He married Mary Catherine Spitzer (1837-1900) in 1862. Her father, Charles Spitzer, was a New Market gunsmith. In 1866, Rupp purchased what is now known as the Spitzer-Rupp House (located at 9295 Congress Street, New Market) from members of the Spitzer family. William and Mary Rupp had three sons, Charles E. (1863-1930), William \"Willie\" H. (1866-1925), and Joseph H. (1869-1923), all of whom are documented in the collection. While William F. Rupp worked primarily in the Shenandoah Valley, documentary evidence confirms that he also frescoed and painted in North Carolina and Pennsylvania. His fresco painting included churches, public buildings, and private residences, some of which are still extant.","Many members of the immediate and extended Rupp family are buried in New Market's St. Matthew's Cemetery.","Researchers should reference the \"Rupp family obituaries\" file for additional and more complete biographical information."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials descended through the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh family of New Market, Virginia. Fritz's mother, Mary Rupp Orebaugh, was the granddaughter of William F. Rupp.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The materials descended through the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh family of New Market, Virginia. Fritz's mother, Mary Rupp Orebaugh, was the granddaughter of William F. Rupp."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Rupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Rupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers were removed from non-archival document sleeves. Several leather document cases were discarded due to lack of research value and overall condition.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Papers were removed from non-archival document sleeves. Several leather document cases were discarded due to lack of research value and overall condition."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles E. Rupp. Papers, 1869-1942. Accession 36719, Personal papers collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Charles E. Rupp. Papers, 1869-1942. Accession 36719, Personal papers collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost notably, the collection documents the work of William F. Rupp, a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. Rupp's account books list the name and place of buildings he painted, frescoed, and wallpapered including frescoing Rader's Lutheran Church in Timberville and the Shenandoah County Courthouse courtroom in Woodstock. Bound accounts also document his work painting signs and gilding. One book is devoted to Rupp's sketches, including a birds-eye view of Luray, Virginia, but his pencil drawings are also scattered throughout the bound account books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also comprises photographs, financial documents, tax receipts, correspondence, and photographs related to William Rupp's immediate family including his wife Mary; sons Charles E., William \"Willie\" H., and Joseph H. Rupp, wife Rose, and their daughter Mary E., as well as others.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Personal Papers, 1831-1940, includes correspondence, financial and legal documents, account books, and pencil drawings and sketches. The materials primarily document William F. Rupp and his immediate family. Documents also relate to the Spitzer family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf note are the materials documenting William F. Rupp's profession as a fresco painter and paperhanger. These materials include business letterhead, account books, sketches, his apprentice certificate, and invoices and financial records. Rupp's sketchbook includes a bird's-eye view of Luray, Virginia that is featured in the Shenandoah Valley Folklore Society's publication \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFolk and Decorative Art of the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e, pg. 16, fig. 220. Rupp's account book dated 1867-1930 records the work he did for private individuals as well as work in public buildings. These include Rader's Lutheran Church in Timberville, the Shenandoah County Court House court room, the Methodist Church in Edinburg, the United Brethren Church in Hawkinstown, the New Market Bank of Virginia, and many others. An 1856 document outlines Rupp's plan for providing drawing lessons to the pupils at the New Market Female Seminary and associated charges.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional William F. Rupp materials include his 1858 citizenship certificate, two 1866 deeds documenting the purchase of his New Market house (now known as the Spitzer-Rupp House) from the Spitzer family, and his July 1865 oath of allegiance to the United States. Correspondence from R.C. Rupp, William's brother in New York, is written in German.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to bound accounts, the financial documents primarily comprise annual tax receipts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles E. Rupp's diary documents a trip from New Market to the Pacific coast and back with his three companions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes bird's-eye view of Luray, Virginia, other scenes, people, and many fresco designs. The sketch of Luray is featured in the Shenandoah Valley Folklore Society's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFolk and Decorative Art of the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e, pg. 16, fig. 220.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Photographs, 1840-1973, comprises photographs, cabinet cards, and a framed daguerreotype and ambrotype of the immediate William F. Rupp family. The photographs are largely identified with a subset of unidentified photographs grouped together. Images of Joseph H. and Rose Neff Rupp comprise the bulk of the photographs with several images featuring people posing with an obelisk-style Confederate memorial. More modern photographs document fresco works attributed to William F. Rupp and include a painted ceiling in the Charles Price home near Stanley, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.","Most notably, the collection documents the work of William F. Rupp, a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. Rupp's account books list the name and place of buildings he painted, frescoed, and wallpapered including frescoing Rader's Lutheran Church in Timberville and the Shenandoah County Courthouse courtroom in Woodstock. Bound accounts also document his work painting signs and gilding. One book is devoted to Rupp's sketches, including a birds-eye view of Luray, Virginia, but his pencil drawings are also scattered throughout the bound account books.","The collection also comprises photographs, financial documents, tax receipts, correspondence, and photographs related to William Rupp's immediate family including his wife Mary; sons Charles E., William \"Willie\" H., and Joseph H. Rupp, wife Rose, and their daughter Mary E., as well as others.","Series 1: Personal Papers, 1831-1940, includes correspondence, financial and legal documents, account books, and pencil drawings and sketches. The materials primarily document William F. Rupp and his immediate family. Documents also relate to the Spitzer family.","Of note are the materials documenting William F. Rupp's profession as a fresco painter and paperhanger. These materials include business letterhead, account books, sketches, his apprentice certificate, and invoices and financial records. Rupp's sketchbook includes a bird's-eye view of Luray, Virginia that is featured in the Shenandoah Valley Folklore Society's publication Folk and Decorative Art of the Shenandoah Valley, pg. 16, fig. 220. Rupp's account book dated 1867-1930 records the work he did for private individuals as well as work in public buildings. These include Rader's Lutheran Church in Timberville, the Shenandoah County Court House court room, the Methodist Church in Edinburg, the United Brethren Church in Hawkinstown, the New Market Bank of Virginia, and many others. An 1856 document outlines Rupp's plan for providing drawing lessons to the pupils at the New Market Female Seminary and associated charges.","Additional William F. Rupp materials include his 1858 citizenship certificate, two 1866 deeds documenting the purchase of his New Market house (now known as the Spitzer-Rupp House) from the Spitzer family, and his July 1865 oath of allegiance to the United States. Correspondence from R.C. Rupp, William's brother in New York, is written in German.","In addition to bound accounts, the financial documents primarily comprise annual tax receipts.","Charles E. Rupp's diary documents a trip from New Market to the Pacific coast and back with his three companions.","Includes bird's-eye view of Luray, Virginia, other scenes, people, and many fresco designs. The sketch of Luray is featured in the Shenandoah Valley Folklore Society's Folk and Decorative Art of the Shenandoah Valley, pg. 16, fig. 220.","Series 2: Photographs, 1840-1973, comprises photographs, cabinet cards, and a framed daguerreotype and ambrotype of the immediate William F. Rupp family. The photographs are largely identified with a subset of unidentified photographs grouped together. Images of Joseph H. and Rose Neff Rupp comprise the bulk of the photographs with several images featuring people posing with an obelisk-style Confederate memorial. More modern photographs document fresco works attributed to William F. Rupp and include a painted ceiling in the Charles Price home near Stanley, Virginia."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo printed volumes were separated and cataloged individually.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Two printed volumes were separated and cataloged individually."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_055eb20ddf8f91318397f15cdb672218\"\u003eThe collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"famname_ssim":["Rupp family"],"persname_ssim":["Rupp, William F., 1834-1908"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rupp family","Rupp, William F., 1834-1908"],"language_ssim":["English\n      German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":42,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_679"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, 1875/2005","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Toliver, Ruth M.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_644.xml","title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1875/2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, 1875/2005"],"text":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, 1875/2005","SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/.","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.","Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.","Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of  History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906 (1998) and Keeping Up With Yesterday (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall.","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.","A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.","George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\"","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS.","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included.","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929.","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.","One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, 1875/2005"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, 1875/2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections by Ruth and Lowell Toliver in February 2021. Ruth Toliver is George A. Newman's granddaughter. The Tolivers made additional donations in September 2021, October 2021, and January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"extent_tesim":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at \u003cextref href=\"https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\" show=\"new\"\u003ehttps://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/.","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906\u003c/emph\u003e (1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKeeping Up With Yesterday\u003c/emph\u003e (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAustin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and Wilberforce University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of  History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906 (1998) and Keeping Up With Yesterday (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall.","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026amp; Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \u003cblockquote\u003e\"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"\u003c/blockquote\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026amp; D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026amp; D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSix minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAmong the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius, Fred Jr., George\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQueen for Eastern Star Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePh.D., University of Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdained United Methodist minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\"","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS.","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included.","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929.","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4bcb0d86958b487646d5b5f8bec1dc4e\"\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983"],"persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_644.xml","title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1875/2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, 1875/2005"],"text":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, 1875/2005","SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/.","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.","Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.","Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of  History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906 (1998) and Keeping Up With Yesterday (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall.","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.","A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.","George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\"","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS.","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included.","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929.","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.","One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, 1875/2005"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, 1875/2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections by Ruth and Lowell Toliver in February 2021. Ruth Toliver is George A. Newman's granddaughter. The Tolivers made additional donations in September 2021, October 2021, and January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"extent_tesim":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at \u003cextref href=\"https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\" show=\"new\"\u003ehttps://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/.","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906\u003c/emph\u003e (1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKeeping Up With Yesterday\u003c/emph\u003e (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAustin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and Wilberforce University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of  History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906 (1998) and Keeping Up With Yesterday (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall.","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026amp; Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \u003cblockquote\u003e\"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"\u003c/blockquote\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026amp; D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026amp; D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSix minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAmong the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius, Fred Jr., George\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQueen for Eastern Star Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePh.D., University of Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdained United Methodist minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\"","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS.","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included.","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929.","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4bcb0d86958b487646d5b5f8bec1dc4e\"\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983"],"persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Saint Andrew's Society collection, 1861/1995","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains records of the Saint Andrew's Society and books on Scotland and Scottish Clans. Records include newsletters, letters and pamphlets about the ongoings of the Saint Andrew's Society along with ledgers documenting the society's financial transactions during the period of 1861-1956.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_582.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Saint Andrew's Society collection","title_ssm":["Saint Andrew's Society collection"],"title_tesim":["Saint Andrew's Society collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Saint Andrew's Society collection, 1861/1995"],"text":["Saint Andrew's Society collection, 1861/1995","C0085","/repositories/2/resources/582","Scotland","Washington (D.C.)","Account books","Newsletters","Clans -- Scotland","Photographs","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","Organized by record type and chronologically.","The Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C., is a charitable cultural organization for men of Scottish birth or ancestry that works to continue Scottish traditions and culture, promote social activities among its members, and to provide financial assistance to people of Scottish descent.","The Society sponsors a series of annual events that are open to the public, including the Burns Nicht Dinner (January), Winter Ceilidh (February), Kirkin' o' the Tartan at the National Cathedral (April), Tartan Ball (November), and the Alexandria Scottish Christmas Walk (December). Its members also take part in a number of affiliated events, including the National Tartan Day activities, the Virginia Scottish Games, and the Alexandria Scottish Heritage Fair.","The Saint Andrew's Society was officially founded in 1855 and incorporated in 1908. It succeeds the previous Saint Andrew's society in the Alexandria area of Virginia which had its first documented assembly in 1788.","Processing completed by Amy Blake in September 2018. EAD markup completed by Amy Blake in September 2018.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the","This collection contains books on Scotland and Scottish clans, and records of the Saint Andrew's Society. Records include newsletters, letters, photographs, pamphlets, schedules, meeting minutes, and ledgers documenting financial transactions between 1861-1956.","Pins used in book","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains records of the Saint Andrew's Society and books on Scotland and Scottish Clans. Records include newsletters, letters and pamphlets about the ongoings of the Saint Andrew's Society along with ledgers documenting the society's financial transactions during the period of 1861-1956.","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Special Collections Research Center","St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C., in 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Newsletters","Clans -- Scotland","Photographs","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Newsletters","Clans -- Scotland","Photographs","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.5 Linear Feet 7 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.5 Linear Feet 7 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by record type and chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by record type and chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C., is a charitable cultural organization for men of Scottish birth or ancestry that works to continue Scottish traditions and culture, promote social activities among its members, and to provide financial assistance to people of Scottish descent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Society sponsors a series of annual events that are open to the public, including the Burns Nicht Dinner (January), Winter Ceilidh (February), Kirkin' o' the Tartan at the National Cathedral (April), Tartan Ball (November), and the Alexandria Scottish Christmas Walk (December). Its members also take part in a number of affiliated events, including the National Tartan Day activities, the Virginia Scottish Games, and the Alexandria Scottish Heritage Fair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Saint Andrew's Society was officially founded in 1855 and incorporated in 1908. 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Its members also take part in a number of affiliated events, including the National Tartan Day activities, the Virginia Scottish Games, and the Alexandria Scottish Heritage Fair.","The Saint Andrew's Society was officially founded in 1855 and incorporated in 1908. It succeeds the previous Saint Andrew's society in the Alexandria area of Virginia which had its first documented assembly in 1788."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSaint Andrew's Society collection, C0085, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Saint Andrew's Society collection, C0085, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amy Blake in September 2018. EAD markup completed by Amy Blake in September 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amy Blake in September 2018. EAD markup completed by Amy Blake in September 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://wrlc-gm.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=any,contains,St.%20Andrew%27s%20Society%20of%20Washington,%20D.C.%20Collection.\u0026amp;tab=Everything\u0026amp;search_scope=MyInst_and_CI\u0026amp;vid=01WRLC_GML:01WRLC_GML\u0026amp;mfacet=location_code,include,4105%E2%80%9313707590004105%E2%80%93scrc%20rare,1\u0026amp;mfacet=location_code,include,4105%E2%80%9313707590004105%E2%80%93scrc%20faca,1\u0026amp;mfacet=location_code,include,4105%E2%80%9313707590004105%E2%80%93scrc%20arc,1\u0026amp;lang=en\u0026amp;offset=0\u0026amp;conVoc=false\" title=\"Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C. rare book collection.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds the"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains books on Scotland and Scottish clans, and records of the Saint Andrew's Society. 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(See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref3\"\u003eThis collection contains records of the Saint Andrew's Society and books on Scotland and Scottish Clans. Records include newsletters, letters and pamphlets about the ongoings of the Saint Andrew's Society along with ledgers documenting the society's financial transactions during the period of 1861-1956.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains records of the Saint Andrew's Society and books on Scotland and Scottish Clans. Records include newsletters, letters and pamphlets about the ongoings of the Saint Andrew's Society along with ledgers documenting the society's financial transactions during the period of 1861-1956."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":166,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_582.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Saint Andrew's Society collection","title_ssm":["Saint Andrew's Society collection"],"title_tesim":["Saint Andrew's Society collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Saint Andrew's Society collection, 1861/1995"],"text":["Saint Andrew's Society collection, 1861/1995","C0085","/repositories/2/resources/582","Scotland","Washington (D.C.)","Account books","Newsletters","Clans -- Scotland","Photographs","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","Organized by record type and chronologically.","The Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C., is a charitable cultural organization for men of Scottish birth or ancestry that works to continue Scottish traditions and culture, promote social activities among its members, and to provide financial assistance to people of Scottish descent.","The Society sponsors a series of annual events that are open to the public, including the Burns Nicht Dinner (January), Winter Ceilidh (February), Kirkin' o' the Tartan at the National Cathedral (April), Tartan Ball (November), and the Alexandria Scottish Christmas Walk (December). Its members also take part in a number of affiliated events, including the National Tartan Day activities, the Virginia Scottish Games, and the Alexandria Scottish Heritage Fair.","The Saint Andrew's Society was officially founded in 1855 and incorporated in 1908. It succeeds the previous Saint Andrew's society in the Alexandria area of Virginia which had its first documented assembly in 1788.","Processing completed by Amy Blake in September 2018. EAD markup completed by Amy Blake in September 2018.","Special Collections Research Center also holds the","This collection contains books on Scotland and Scottish clans, and records of the Saint Andrew's Society. Records include newsletters, letters, photographs, pamphlets, schedules, meeting minutes, and ledgers documenting financial transactions between 1861-1956.","Pins used in book","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains records of the Saint Andrew's Society and books on Scotland and Scottish Clans. Records include newsletters, letters and pamphlets about the ongoings of the Saint Andrew's Society along with ledgers documenting the society's financial transactions during the period of 1861-1956.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Saint Andrew's Society collection, 1861/1995"],"collection_ssim":["Saint Andrew's Society collection, 1861/1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0085","/repositories/2/resources/582"],"unitid_tesim":["C0085","/repositories/2/resources/582"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Scotland","Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Scotland","Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["Scotland","Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C"],"creator_ssim":["St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C., in 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Newsletters","Clans -- Scotland","Photographs","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Newsletters","Clans -- Scotland","Photographs","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.5 Linear Feet 7 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.5 Linear Feet 7 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by record type and chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by record type and chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C., is a charitable cultural organization for men of Scottish birth or ancestry that works to continue Scottish traditions and culture, promote social activities among its members, and to provide financial assistance to people of Scottish descent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Society sponsors a series of annual events that are open to the public, including the Burns Nicht Dinner (January), Winter Ceilidh (February), Kirkin' o' the Tartan at the National Cathedral (April), Tartan Ball (November), and the Alexandria Scottish Christmas Walk (December). Its members also take part in a number of affiliated events, including the National Tartan Day activities, the Virginia Scottish Games, and the Alexandria Scottish Heritage Fair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Saint Andrew's Society was officially founded in 1855 and incorporated in 1908. It succeeds the previous Saint Andrew's society in the Alexandria area of Virginia which had its first documented assembly in 1788.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C., is a charitable cultural organization for men of Scottish birth or ancestry that works to continue Scottish traditions and culture, promote social activities among its members, and to provide financial assistance to people of Scottish descent.","The Society sponsors a series of annual events that are open to the public, including the Burns Nicht Dinner (January), Winter Ceilidh (February), Kirkin' o' the Tartan at the National Cathedral (April), Tartan Ball (November), and the Alexandria Scottish Christmas Walk (December). Its members also take part in a number of affiliated events, including the National Tartan Day activities, the Virginia Scottish Games, and the Alexandria Scottish Heritage Fair.","The Saint Andrew's Society was officially founded in 1855 and incorporated in 1908. It succeeds the previous Saint Andrew's society in the Alexandria area of Virginia which had its first documented assembly in 1788."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSaint Andrew's Society collection, C0085, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Saint Andrew's Society collection, C0085, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amy Blake in September 2018. EAD markup completed by Amy Blake in September 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amy Blake in September 2018. EAD markup completed by Amy Blake in September 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://wrlc-gm.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=any,contains,St.%20Andrew%27s%20Society%20of%20Washington,%20D.C.%20Collection.\u0026amp;tab=Everything\u0026amp;search_scope=MyInst_and_CI\u0026amp;vid=01WRLC_GML:01WRLC_GML\u0026amp;mfacet=location_code,include,4105%E2%80%9313707590004105%E2%80%93scrc%20rare,1\u0026amp;mfacet=location_code,include,4105%E2%80%9313707590004105%E2%80%93scrc%20faca,1\u0026amp;mfacet=location_code,include,4105%E2%80%9313707590004105%E2%80%93scrc%20arc,1\u0026amp;lang=en\u0026amp;offset=0\u0026amp;conVoc=false\" title=\"Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C. rare book collection.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center also holds the"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains books on Scotland and Scottish clans, and records of the Saint Andrew's Society. Records include newsletters, letters, photographs, pamphlets, schedules, meeting minutes, and ledgers documenting financial transactions between 1861-1956.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePins used in book\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains books on Scotland and Scottish clans, and records of the Saint Andrew's Society. Records include newsletters, letters, photographs, pamphlets, schedules, meeting minutes, and ledgers documenting financial transactions between 1861-1956.","Pins used in book"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref3\"\u003eThis collection contains records of the Saint Andrew's Society and books on Scotland and Scottish Clans. Records include newsletters, letters and pamphlets about the ongoings of the Saint Andrew's Society along with ledgers documenting the society's financial transactions during the period of 1861-1956.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains records of the Saint Andrew's Society and books on Scotland and Scottish Clans. Records include newsletters, letters and pamphlets about the ongoings of the Saint Andrew's Society along with ledgers documenting the society's financial transactions during the period of 1861-1956."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","St. Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":166,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:55:07.784Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_582"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_581","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Samuel D. Rockenbach papers, 1889/1945","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_581#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_581#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection consists of papers (1889-1945) related to United States Army officer Samuel Dickerson Rockenbach who is notable for his role in the establishment of the United States Army Tank Corps during World War I and his post-War work in the development of tank warfare.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_581#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_581","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_581","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_581","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_581","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_581.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00003.xml","title_ssm":["Samuel D. Rockenbach papers"],"title_tesim":["Samuel D. Rockenbach papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1889-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1889-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1889/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel D. Rockenbach papers, 1889/1945"],"text":["Samuel D. Rockenbach papers, 1889/1945","MS.0001","/repositories/3/resources/581","United States. Army—American Expeditionary Forces","World War, 1914-1918—Tank warfare","Philippines—History—1898-1946","Cuba—History—1899-1906","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1889","World War, 1914-1918","Generals—United States","United States. Army—Officers—Biography","United States. Army—Division of the Philippines","Philippines—History—Philippine American War, 1899-1902","Military records","Orders (military records)","Photographs","Correspondence","Memoranda","Reports","Speeches, Addresses, etc.","There are no restrictions.","The collection is divided into 8 series: \n         1. Correspondence and memoranda, 1889-1945 \n         2. Military orders, 1891-1933 \n         3. Subject files \n         4. Articles by Rockenbach \n         5. Speeches and lectures \n         6. Personal file \n         7. Bound volumes and printed material \n         8. Photographs","Chronological","Alphabetical","Alphabetical","Samuel Dickerson Rockenbach was born on January 27, 1869 in Lynchburg, Virginia. He graduated from VMI in 1889 and commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Army in 1891. He married Emma Baldwin on October 19, 1898.","Prior to World War I, Rockenbach saw tours of duty in Cuba, the Philippines, various United States posts, and served as a military observer in Germany in 1914.","He arrived in France in June 1917 with the American Expeditionary Force, and from 1917 to 1919 served as Chief of the newly formed Tank Corps. He was notable for his role in the establishment of the Tank Corps and for his work in the development of tank warfare.","At the end of the War, Rockenbach continued his work with\ntanks, serving as the Army's Chief of the Tank Corps and as Commander of the Tank School at Camp Meade, Maryland. He\nretired to Brownsville, Texas in 1933 and died in 1952 at the Walter Reed Army Hospital in Washington, D.C.","The Samuel D. Rockenbach papers consist of papers (1,000 items) that document Rockenbach's career in the United States Army. Topics include:\n\nHis duties as Engineer officer in Cuba (1898-1902)\nHis duties in the Phillippines (1903-1910)\nHis duties France as Chief of the Tank Corps, American Expeditionary Forces (1917-1919)\nHis postwar work with the Tank Corps until his retirement in 1933 \nThe collection contains the following:\n\nCorrespondence and memoranda (1889-1945)\nMilitary orders (1891-1933)\nPhotographs\nMiscellaneous personal documents (certificates, travel souvenirs, etc.)\nTank Corps material, including operations reports (1918), numerous photographs of early tank designs and tank maneuvers, drawings of tank designs, and reports and minutes of the Inter-Allied Tank Committee.\nLetters and photographs documenting the early army career of George S. Patton, Jr., who served under Rockenbach during World War I (ca. 15 items). Other notable correspondents are John J. Pershing, Leonard Wood, Douglas MacArthur, James G. Harbord, and Charles P. Summerall.","Contains instructions, reports, and miscellany.","Minutes of the first session.","Reports and resolutions from the first session.","Minutes of the second session.","Agenda and imnutes from the third session.","Minutes of the fourth session.","Reports, including a report by Lt. Col. George S.Patton, Jr.","Operations report, appendix 4 titled \"Operations of the 304th Tank Brigade, September 12th to 15th, 1918. St. Mihiel Salient.\" Written by Colonel George S. Patton, Jr., Brigade commander.","Operations Report, Appendix 7 \n                  \n                  Report of Commander, 1st\n                  French Tank Brigade, Meuse-Argonne","Report on organization and objectives.","This folder contains notes on the Class of 1889, a letter of recommendation, and an order.","Souvenir postcards from Europe.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","This collection consists of papers (1889-1945) related to United States Army officer Samuel Dickerson Rockenbach who is notable for his role in the establishment of the United States Army Tank Corps during World War I and his post-War work in the development of tank warfare.","Manuscripts stacks and Oversized Case 1, Drawer 5","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Pershing, John J. (John Joseph), 1860-1948","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","Harbord, James G. (James Guthrie), 1866-1947","Summerall, Charles Pelot, 1867-1955","Wood, Leonard, 1860-1927","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel D. Rockenbach papers, 1889/1945"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel D. Rockenbach papers, 1889/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0001","/repositories/3/resources/581"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0001","/repositories/3/resources/581"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952"],"creator_ssim":["Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Pershing, John J. (John Joseph), 1860-1948","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","Harbord, James G. (James Guthrie), 1866-1947","Summerall, Charles Pelot, 1867-1955","Wood, Leonard, 1860-1927"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Pershing, John J. (John Joseph), 1860-1948","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","Harbord, James G. (James Guthrie), 1866-1947","Summerall, Charles Pelot, 1867-1955","Wood, Leonard, 1860-1927","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was received from the estate of Samuel D. \n            Rockenbach in 1953."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Army—American Expeditionary Forces","World War, 1914-1918—Tank warfare","Philippines—History—1898-1946","Cuba—History—1899-1906","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1889","World War, 1914-1918","Generals—United States","United States. Army—Officers—Biography","United States. Army—Division of the Philippines","Philippines—History—Philippine American War, 1899-1902","Military records","Orders (military records)","Photographs","Correspondence","Memoranda","Reports","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Army—American Expeditionary Forces","World War, 1914-1918—Tank warfare","Philippines—History—1898-1946","Cuba—History—1899-1906","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1889","World War, 1914-1918","Generals—United States","United States. Army—Officers—Biography","United States. Army—Division of the Philippines","Philippines—History—Philippine American War, 1899-1902","Military records","Orders (military records)","Photographs","Correspondence","Memoranda","Reports","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 cubic feet 6 manuscript boxes and oversized material"],"extent_tesim":["3 cubic feet 6 manuscript boxes and oversized material"],"genreform_ssim":["Military records","Orders (military records)","Photographs","Correspondence","Memoranda","Reports","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"date_range_isim":[1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into 8 series: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. Correspondence and memoranda, 1889-1945 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. Military orders, 1891-1933 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e3. Subject files \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e4. Articles by Rockenbach \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e5. Speeches and lectures \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e6. Personal file \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e7. Bound volumes and printed material \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e8. Photographs\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eChronological\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into 8 series: \n         1. Correspondence and memoranda, 1889-1945 \n         2. Military orders, 1891-1933 \n         3. Subject files \n         4. Articles by Rockenbach \n         5. Speeches and lectures \n         6. Personal file \n         7. Bound volumes and printed material \n         8. Photographs","Chronological","Alphabetical","Alphabetical"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Dickerson Rockenbach was born on January 27, 1869 in Lynchburg, Virginia. He graduated from VMI in 1889 and commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Army in 1891. He married Emma Baldwin on October 19, 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to World War I, Rockenbach saw tours of duty in Cuba, the Philippines, various United States posts, and served as a military observer in Germany in 1914.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe arrived in France in June 1917 with the American Expeditionary Force, and from 1917 to 1919 served as Chief of the newly formed Tank Corps. He was notable for his role in the establishment of the Tank Corps and for his work in the development of tank warfare.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the end of the War, Rockenbach continued his work with\ntanks, serving as the Army's Chief of the Tank Corps and as Commander of the Tank School at Camp Meade, Maryland. He\nretired to Brownsville, Texas in 1933 and died in 1952 at the Walter Reed Army Hospital in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Dickerson Rockenbach was born on January 27, 1869 in Lynchburg, Virginia. He graduated from VMI in 1889 and commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Army in 1891. He married Emma Baldwin on October 19, 1898.","Prior to World War I, Rockenbach saw tours of duty in Cuba, the Philippines, various United States posts, and served as a military observer in Germany in 1914.","He arrived in France in June 1917 with the American Expeditionary Force, and from 1917 to 1919 served as Chief of the newly formed Tank Corps. He was notable for his role in the establishment of the Tank Corps and for his work in the development of tank warfare.","At the end of the War, Rockenbach continued his work with\ntanks, serving as the Army's Chief of the Tank Corps and as Commander of the Tank School at Camp Meade, Maryland. He\nretired to Brownsville, Texas in 1933 and died in 1952 at the Walter Reed Army Hospital in Washington, D.C."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel D. Rockenbach Papers, 1889-1945. MS 0001. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Samuel D. Rockenbach Papers, 1889-1945. MS 0001. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel D. Rockenbach papers consist of papers (1,000 items) that document Rockenbach's career in the United States Army. Topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHis duties as Engineer officer in Cuba (1898-1902)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHis duties in the Phillippines (1903-1910)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHis duties France as Chief of the Tank Corps, American Expeditionary Forces (1917-1919)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHis postwar work with the Tank Corps until his retirement in 1933 \u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nThe collection contains the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence and memoranda (1889-1945)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMilitary orders (1891-1933)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotographs\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMiscellaneous personal documents (certificates, travel souvenirs, etc.)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTank Corps material, including operations reports (1918), numerous photographs of early tank designs and tank maneuvers, drawings of tank designs, and reports and minutes of the Inter-Allied Tank Committee.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetters and photographs documenting the early army career of George S. Patton, Jr., who served under Rockenbach during World War I (ca. 15 items). Other notable correspondents are John J. Pershing, Leonard Wood, Douglas MacArthur, James G. Harbord, and Charles P. Summerall.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eContains instructions, reports, and miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes of the first session.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports and resolutions from the first session.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes of the second session.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgenda and imnutes from the third session.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes of the fourth session.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports, including a report by Lt. Col. George S.Patton, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations report, appendix 4 titled \"Operations of the 304th Tank Brigade, September 12th to 15th, 1918. St. Mihiel Salient.\" Written by Colonel George S. Patton, Jr., Brigade commander.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations Report, Appendix 7 \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n                  \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eReport of Commander, 1st\n                  French Tank Brigade, Meuse-Argonne\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport on organization and objectives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains notes on the Class of 1889, a letter of recommendation, and an order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSouvenir postcards from Europe.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Samuel D. Rockenbach papers consist of papers (1,000 items) that document Rockenbach's career in the United States Army. Topics include:\n\nHis duties as Engineer officer in Cuba (1898-1902)\nHis duties in the Phillippines (1903-1910)\nHis duties France as Chief of the Tank Corps, American Expeditionary Forces (1917-1919)\nHis postwar work with the Tank Corps until his retirement in 1933 \nThe collection contains the following:\n\nCorrespondence and memoranda (1889-1945)\nMilitary orders (1891-1933)\nPhotographs\nMiscellaneous personal documents (certificates, travel souvenirs, etc.)\nTank Corps material, including operations reports (1918), numerous photographs of early tank designs and tank maneuvers, drawings of tank designs, and reports and minutes of the Inter-Allied Tank Committee.\nLetters and photographs documenting the early army career of George S. Patton, Jr., who served under Rockenbach during World War I (ca. 15 items). Other notable correspondents are John J. Pershing, Leonard Wood, Douglas MacArthur, James G. Harbord, and Charles P. Summerall.","Contains instructions, reports, and miscellany.","Minutes of the first session.","Reports and resolutions from the first session.","Minutes of the second session.","Agenda and imnutes from the third session.","Minutes of the fourth session.","Reports, including a report by Lt. Col. George S.Patton, Jr.","Operations report, appendix 4 titled \"Operations of the 304th Tank Brigade, September 12th to 15th, 1918. St. Mihiel Salient.\" Written by Colonel George S. Patton, Jr., Brigade commander.","Operations Report, Appendix 7 \n                  \n                  Report of Commander, 1st\n                  French Tank Brigade, Meuse-Argonne","Report on organization and objectives.","This folder contains notes on the Class of 1889, a letter of recommendation, and an order.","Souvenir postcards from Europe."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2a1fef1e987203439c2fc9c29df9d1c4\"\u003eThis collection consists of papers (1889-1945) related to United States Army officer Samuel Dickerson Rockenbach who is notable for his role in the establishment of the United States Army Tank Corps during World War I and his post-War work in the development of tank warfare.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of papers (1889-1945) related to United States Army officer Samuel Dickerson Rockenbach who is notable for his role in the establishment of the United States Army Tank Corps during World War I and his post-War work in the development of tank warfare."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_09f36c793b0e0321dc39f451d811f1f0\"\u003eManuscripts stacks and Oversized Case 1, Drawer 5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks and Oversized Case 1, Drawer 5"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Pershing, John J. (John Joseph), 1860-1948","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","Harbord, James G. (James Guthrie), 1866-1947","Summerall, Charles Pelot, 1867-1955","Wood, Leonard, 1860-1927"],"names_coll_ssim":["Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Pershing, John J. (John Joseph), 1860-1948","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","Harbord, James G. (James Guthrie), 1866-1947","Summerall, Charles Pelot, 1867-1955","Wood, Leonard, 1860-1927"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Pershing, John J. (John Joseph), 1860-1948","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","Harbord, James G. (James Guthrie), 1866-1947","Summerall, Charles Pelot, 1867-1955","Wood, Leonard, 1860-1927"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":132,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_581","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_581","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_581","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_581","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_581.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00003.xml","title_ssm":["Samuel D. Rockenbach papers"],"title_tesim":["Samuel D. Rockenbach papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1889-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1889-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1889/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel D. Rockenbach papers, 1889/1945"],"text":["Samuel D. Rockenbach papers, 1889/1945","MS.0001","/repositories/3/resources/581","United States. Army—American Expeditionary Forces","World War, 1914-1918—Tank warfare","Philippines—History—1898-1946","Cuba—History—1899-1906","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1889","World War, 1914-1918","Generals—United States","United States. Army—Officers—Biography","United States. Army—Division of the Philippines","Philippines—History—Philippine American War, 1899-1902","Military records","Orders (military records)","Photographs","Correspondence","Memoranda","Reports","Speeches, Addresses, etc.","There are no restrictions.","The collection is divided into 8 series: \n         1. Correspondence and memoranda, 1889-1945 \n         2. Military orders, 1891-1933 \n         3. Subject files \n         4. Articles by Rockenbach \n         5. Speeches and lectures \n         6. Personal file \n         7. Bound volumes and printed material \n         8. Photographs","Chronological","Alphabetical","Alphabetical","Samuel Dickerson Rockenbach was born on January 27, 1869 in Lynchburg, Virginia. He graduated from VMI in 1889 and commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Army in 1891. He married Emma Baldwin on October 19, 1898.","Prior to World War I, Rockenbach saw tours of duty in Cuba, the Philippines, various United States posts, and served as a military observer in Germany in 1914.","He arrived in France in June 1917 with the American Expeditionary Force, and from 1917 to 1919 served as Chief of the newly formed Tank Corps. He was notable for his role in the establishment of the Tank Corps and for his work in the development of tank warfare.","At the end of the War, Rockenbach continued his work with\ntanks, serving as the Army's Chief of the Tank Corps and as Commander of the Tank School at Camp Meade, Maryland. He\nretired to Brownsville, Texas in 1933 and died in 1952 at the Walter Reed Army Hospital in Washington, D.C.","The Samuel D. Rockenbach papers consist of papers (1,000 items) that document Rockenbach's career in the United States Army. Topics include:\n\nHis duties as Engineer officer in Cuba (1898-1902)\nHis duties in the Phillippines (1903-1910)\nHis duties France as Chief of the Tank Corps, American Expeditionary Forces (1917-1919)\nHis postwar work with the Tank Corps until his retirement in 1933 \nThe collection contains the following:\n\nCorrespondence and memoranda (1889-1945)\nMilitary orders (1891-1933)\nPhotographs\nMiscellaneous personal documents (certificates, travel souvenirs, etc.)\nTank Corps material, including operations reports (1918), numerous photographs of early tank designs and tank maneuvers, drawings of tank designs, and reports and minutes of the Inter-Allied Tank Committee.\nLetters and photographs documenting the early army career of George S. Patton, Jr., who served under Rockenbach during World War I (ca. 15 items). Other notable correspondents are John J. Pershing, Leonard Wood, Douglas MacArthur, James G. Harbord, and Charles P. Summerall.","Contains instructions, reports, and miscellany.","Minutes of the first session.","Reports and resolutions from the first session.","Minutes of the second session.","Agenda and imnutes from the third session.","Minutes of the fourth session.","Reports, including a report by Lt. Col. George S.Patton, Jr.","Operations report, appendix 4 titled \"Operations of the 304th Tank Brigade, September 12th to 15th, 1918. St. Mihiel Salient.\" Written by Colonel George S. Patton, Jr., Brigade commander.","Operations Report, Appendix 7 \n                  \n                  Report of Commander, 1st\n                  French Tank Brigade, Meuse-Argonne","Report on organization and objectives.","This folder contains notes on the Class of 1889, a letter of recommendation, and an order.","Souvenir postcards from Europe.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","This collection consists of papers (1889-1945) related to United States Army officer Samuel Dickerson Rockenbach who is notable for his role in the establishment of the United States Army Tank Corps during World War I and his post-War work in the development of tank warfare.","Manuscripts stacks and Oversized Case 1, Drawer 5","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Pershing, John J. (John Joseph), 1860-1948","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","Harbord, James G. (James Guthrie), 1866-1947","Summerall, Charles Pelot, 1867-1955","Wood, Leonard, 1860-1927","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel D. Rockenbach papers, 1889/1945"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel D. Rockenbach papers, 1889/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0001","/repositories/3/resources/581"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0001","/repositories/3/resources/581"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952"],"creator_ssim":["Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Pershing, John J. (John Joseph), 1860-1948","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","Harbord, James G. (James Guthrie), 1866-1947","Summerall, Charles Pelot, 1867-1955","Wood, Leonard, 1860-1927"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Pershing, John J. (John Joseph), 1860-1948","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","Harbord, James G. (James Guthrie), 1866-1947","Summerall, Charles Pelot, 1867-1955","Wood, Leonard, 1860-1927","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was received from the estate of Samuel D. \n            Rockenbach in 1953."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Army—American Expeditionary Forces","World War, 1914-1918—Tank warfare","Philippines—History—1898-1946","Cuba—History—1899-1906","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1889","World War, 1914-1918","Generals—United States","United States. Army—Officers—Biography","United States. Army—Division of the Philippines","Philippines—History—Philippine American War, 1899-1902","Military records","Orders (military records)","Photographs","Correspondence","Memoranda","Reports","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Army—American Expeditionary Forces","World War, 1914-1918—Tank warfare","Philippines—History—1898-1946","Cuba—History—1899-1906","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1889","World War, 1914-1918","Generals—United States","United States. Army—Officers—Biography","United States. Army—Division of the Philippines","Philippines—History—Philippine American War, 1899-1902","Military records","Orders (military records)","Photographs","Correspondence","Memoranda","Reports","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 cubic feet 6 manuscript boxes and oversized material"],"extent_tesim":["3 cubic feet 6 manuscript boxes and oversized material"],"genreform_ssim":["Military records","Orders (military records)","Photographs","Correspondence","Memoranda","Reports","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"date_range_isim":[1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into 8 series: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. Correspondence and memoranda, 1889-1945 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. Military orders, 1891-1933 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e3. Subject files \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e4. Articles by Rockenbach \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e5. Speeches and lectures \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e6. Personal file \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e7. Bound volumes and printed material \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e8. Photographs\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eChronological\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into 8 series: \n         1. Correspondence and memoranda, 1889-1945 \n         2. Military orders, 1891-1933 \n         3. Subject files \n         4. Articles by Rockenbach \n         5. Speeches and lectures \n         6. Personal file \n         7. Bound volumes and printed material \n         8. Photographs","Chronological","Alphabetical","Alphabetical"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Dickerson Rockenbach was born on January 27, 1869 in Lynchburg, Virginia. He graduated from VMI in 1889 and commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Army in 1891. He married Emma Baldwin on October 19, 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to World War I, Rockenbach saw tours of duty in Cuba, the Philippines, various United States posts, and served as a military observer in Germany in 1914.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe arrived in France in June 1917 with the American Expeditionary Force, and from 1917 to 1919 served as Chief of the newly formed Tank Corps. He was notable for his role in the establishment of the Tank Corps and for his work in the development of tank warfare.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the end of the War, Rockenbach continued his work with\ntanks, serving as the Army's Chief of the Tank Corps and as Commander of the Tank School at Camp Meade, Maryland. He\nretired to Brownsville, Texas in 1933 and died in 1952 at the Walter Reed Army Hospital in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Dickerson Rockenbach was born on January 27, 1869 in Lynchburg, Virginia. He graduated from VMI in 1889 and commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Army in 1891. He married Emma Baldwin on October 19, 1898.","Prior to World War I, Rockenbach saw tours of duty in Cuba, the Philippines, various United States posts, and served as a military observer in Germany in 1914.","He arrived in France in June 1917 with the American Expeditionary Force, and from 1917 to 1919 served as Chief of the newly formed Tank Corps. He was notable for his role in the establishment of the Tank Corps and for his work in the development of tank warfare.","At the end of the War, Rockenbach continued his work with\ntanks, serving as the Army's Chief of the Tank Corps and as Commander of the Tank School at Camp Meade, Maryland. He\nretired to Brownsville, Texas in 1933 and died in 1952 at the Walter Reed Army Hospital in Washington, D.C."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel D. Rockenbach Papers, 1889-1945. MS 0001. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Samuel D. Rockenbach Papers, 1889-1945. MS 0001. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel D. Rockenbach papers consist of papers (1,000 items) that document Rockenbach's career in the United States Army. Topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHis duties as Engineer officer in Cuba (1898-1902)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHis duties in the Phillippines (1903-1910)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHis duties France as Chief of the Tank Corps, American Expeditionary Forces (1917-1919)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHis postwar work with the Tank Corps until his retirement in 1933 \u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nThe collection contains the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence and memoranda (1889-1945)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMilitary orders (1891-1933)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotographs\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMiscellaneous personal documents (certificates, travel souvenirs, etc.)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTank Corps material, including operations reports (1918), numerous photographs of early tank designs and tank maneuvers, drawings of tank designs, and reports and minutes of the Inter-Allied Tank Committee.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetters and photographs documenting the early army career of George S. Patton, Jr., who served under Rockenbach during World War I (ca. 15 items). Other notable correspondents are John J. Pershing, Leonard Wood, Douglas MacArthur, James G. Harbord, and Charles P. Summerall.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eContains instructions, reports, and miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes of the first session.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports and resolutions from the first session.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes of the second session.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgenda and imnutes from the third session.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes of the fourth session.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReports, including a report by Lt. Col. George S.Patton, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations report, appendix 4 titled \"Operations of the 304th Tank Brigade, September 12th to 15th, 1918. St. Mihiel Salient.\" Written by Colonel George S. Patton, Jr., Brigade commander.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations Report, Appendix 7 \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n                  \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eReport of Commander, 1st\n                  French Tank Brigade, Meuse-Argonne\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport on organization and objectives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains notes on the Class of 1889, a letter of recommendation, and an order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSouvenir postcards from Europe.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Samuel D. Rockenbach papers consist of papers (1,000 items) that document Rockenbach's career in the United States Army. Topics include:\n\nHis duties as Engineer officer in Cuba (1898-1902)\nHis duties in the Phillippines (1903-1910)\nHis duties France as Chief of the Tank Corps, American Expeditionary Forces (1917-1919)\nHis postwar work with the Tank Corps until his retirement in 1933 \nThe collection contains the following:\n\nCorrespondence and memoranda (1889-1945)\nMilitary orders (1891-1933)\nPhotographs\nMiscellaneous personal documents (certificates, travel souvenirs, etc.)\nTank Corps material, including operations reports (1918), numerous photographs of early tank designs and tank maneuvers, drawings of tank designs, and reports and minutes of the Inter-Allied Tank Committee.\nLetters and photographs documenting the early army career of George S. Patton, Jr., who served under Rockenbach during World War I (ca. 15 items). Other notable correspondents are John J. Pershing, Leonard Wood, Douglas MacArthur, James G. Harbord, and Charles P. Summerall.","Contains instructions, reports, and miscellany.","Minutes of the first session.","Reports and resolutions from the first session.","Minutes of the second session.","Agenda and imnutes from the third session.","Minutes of the fourth session.","Reports, including a report by Lt. Col. George S.Patton, Jr.","Operations report, appendix 4 titled \"Operations of the 304th Tank Brigade, September 12th to 15th, 1918. St. Mihiel Salient.\" Written by Colonel George S. Patton, Jr., Brigade commander.","Operations Report, Appendix 7 \n                  \n                  Report of Commander, 1st\n                  French Tank Brigade, Meuse-Argonne","Report on organization and objectives.","This folder contains notes on the Class of 1889, a letter of recommendation, and an order.","Souvenir postcards from Europe."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2a1fef1e987203439c2fc9c29df9d1c4\"\u003eThis collection consists of papers (1889-1945) related to United States Army officer Samuel Dickerson Rockenbach who is notable for his role in the establishment of the United States Army Tank Corps during World War I and his post-War work in the development of tank warfare.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of papers (1889-1945) related to United States Army officer Samuel Dickerson Rockenbach who is notable for his role in the establishment of the United States Army Tank Corps during World War I and his post-War work in the development of tank warfare."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_09f36c793b0e0321dc39f451d811f1f0\"\u003eManuscripts stacks and Oversized Case 1, Drawer 5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks and Oversized Case 1, Drawer 5"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Pershing, John J. (John Joseph), 1860-1948","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","Harbord, James G. (James Guthrie), 1866-1947","Summerall, Charles Pelot, 1867-1955","Wood, Leonard, 1860-1927"],"names_coll_ssim":["Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Pershing, John J. (John Joseph), 1860-1948","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","Harbord, James G. (James Guthrie), 1866-1947","Summerall, Charles Pelot, 1867-1955","Wood, Leonard, 1860-1927"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Rockenbach, Samuel D. (Samuel Dickerson), 1869-1952","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","Pershing, John J. (John Joseph), 1860-1948","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","Harbord, James G. (James Guthrie), 1866-1947","Summerall, Charles Pelot, 1867-1955","Wood, Leonard, 1860-1927"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":132,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_581"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8873","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Samuel H. Yonge papers, 1890/1935","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8873#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1890-1935, of Samuel Humphreys Yonge. Yonge was an army engineer who worked on flood control projects and navigational improvements. Yonge was interested in excavations at Jamestown and Williamsburg, Va. and in archaeological projects throughout Virginia. Included is correspondence; early twentieth century photographs of ruins and excavations at Jamestown; notebooks of land patent abstracts and other notes concerning Jamestown; and printed material. The collection also includes an account of Yonge's impressions of Robert E. Lee, president of Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) when Yonge was a student there and other autobiographical notes.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8873#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8873","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8873","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8873","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8873","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8873.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Yonge, Samuel H., papers","title_ssm":["Samuel H. Yonge papers"],"title_tesim":["Samuel H. Yonge papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-1935"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel H. Yonge papers, 1890/1935"],"text":["Samuel H. Yonge papers, 1890/1935","01/Mss. 65 Y8","/repositories/2/resources/8873","Jamestown (Va.)--History--17th century","Virginia--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775","Williamsburg (Va.)--Colonial Period--History","Archaeology--Methodology","Washington and Lee University--History","Correspondence","Notebooks","Photographs","557.00 items","Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Yonge was an army engineer who worked on flood control projects and navigational improvements. Yonge was interested in excavations at Jamestown and Williamsburg, Va. and in archaeological projects throughout Virginia. He was also the author of \"The Site of Old 'James Towne,' 1607-1698. A brief Historical and Topographical Sketch of the First American Metropolis,\" which has since been published in numerous editions. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:","Samuel Humphreys Younge","Papers, 1890-1935, of Samuel Humphreys Yonge. Yonge was an army engineer who worked on flood control projects and navigational improvements. Yonge was interested in excavations at Jamestown and Williamsburg, Va. and in archaeological projects throughout Virginia. Included is correspondence; early twentieth century photographs of ruins and excavations at Jamestown; notebooks of land patent abstracts and other notes concerning Jamestown; and printed material. The collection also includes an account of Yonge's impressions of Robert E. Lee, president of Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) when Yonge was a student there and other autobiographical notes.","Early twentieth century photographs of ruins and excavations at Jamestown.","Picture of Wakefield; Washington's Birthplace.","Unpublished manuscript of Yonge's student impressions of Robert E. Lee as president of Washington and Lee University. Includes members. Correspondences between Yonge and others about his manuscripts.","Manuscript of Phi Beta Kappa address at Jamestown, Nov 1926. Manuscript of Yonge's address before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Letter from G. Tyler, enclosing map of early street layout of Jamestown. Remarks on English settlements of Virginia. Memorial for remarks at Jamestown in the Memorial Church. Journal of Assembly of V.A.. Library of Congress Copyright. Souvenir of the Church at Old Jamestown.","Yonge's autobiographical notes. Photographic copy of 1856 hydrographic survey of the James River in vicinity of Jamestown. Yonge's map of James City, V.A., 1607-1698.","Two manuscript notebooks containing memos from land patent records of James City Island. Printed works: Government Report Upon the Improvement of Rivers and Harbors in the Norfolk, Virginia District, 1914, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926. Jamestown and James River souvenir booklets, A Brief History of and Guide Book to Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown. Rutherford Goodwin, 1930. Official Guide Book Jamestown Centennial Exposition, 1907. Notes on a Journey on the James, 1907. Report of Investigation with Reference to Improving the James River Technical Advisory Corp., 1924. James River from the Head of the Tidewater to Hampton Roads as a National Waterway, 1886.","A volume of newspaper clippings, 1898-1935, of persons, homes, places, and events of historic interest. Eighty-four page manuscript volume of notes on Jamestown and on bridge construction there. One-hundred ninety-six page manuscript volume of notes on Jamestown. Letters to the Virginia Pilot Concerns; \"Location of Grave of Pocahontas\".","Personal and social notes to Yonge, including invitation to installation of Dr. J. A. C. Chandler as president of William and Mary in 1921; opening of James River Bridge, 1928.","Letters from Onward Bates, reviewing a life-time friendship of over sixty years.","Letters from Philip A. Bruce.","Letter from John Stewart Bryan, attaching blueprints and recommendations for remodeling and making addition to Virginia Historical Society building, 1932.","Correspondence with Bradford Kilby 1923. Society for Preservation of V.A. Antiquities in Suffolk. Includes pictures.","Correspondence with Dr. W.A. R. Goodwin, 1928. Misc. letters.","Correspondence between APVA committee and architects of Colonial Williamsburg, 1928-1930. Handwritten letters.","Letters from J.A C. Chandler discussing Phi Beta Kappa.","The Book 1904-1926. Articles 1903-1929. Speaking about Jamestown 1904-1926.","Handwritten notes on Capitol restoration. Perry, Shaw and Hepburn Architects. (1909-1932). Correspondence about Capitol 1928-1931.","Special Collections Research Center","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel H. Yonge papers, 1890/1935"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel H. Yonge papers, 1890/1935"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01/Mss. 65 Y8","/repositories/2/resources/8873"],"unitid_tesim":["01/Mss. 65 Y8","/repositories/2/resources/8873"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Jamestown (Va.)--History--17th century","Virginia--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775","Williamsburg (Va.)--Colonial Period--History"],"geogname_ssim":["Jamestown (Va.)--History--17th century","Virginia--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775","Williamsburg (Va.)--Colonial Period--History"],"places_ssim":["Jamestown (Va.)--History--17th century","Virginia--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775","Williamsburg (Va.)--Colonial Period--History"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870","Special Collections Research Center","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Archaeology--Methodology","Washington and Lee University--History","Correspondence","Notebooks","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Archaeology--Methodology","Washington and Lee University--History","Correspondence","Notebooks","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["557.00 items"],"extent_ssm":["3.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Notebooks","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYonge was an army engineer who worked on flood control projects and navigational improvements. Yonge was interested in excavations at Jamestown and Williamsburg, Va. and in archaeological projects throughout Virginia. He was also the author of \"The Site of Old 'James Towne,' 1607-1698. A brief Historical and Topographical Sketch of the First American Metropolis,\" which has since been published in numerous editions. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Samuel_Humphreys_Younge\"\u003e Samuel Humphreys Younge \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Yonge was an army engineer who worked on flood control projects and navigational improvements. Yonge was interested in excavations at Jamestown and Williamsburg, Va. and in archaeological projects throughout Virginia. He was also the author of \"The Site of Old 'James Towne,' 1607-1698. A brief Historical and Topographical Sketch of the First American Metropolis,\" which has since been published in numerous editions. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:","Samuel Humphreys Younge"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYonge Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Yonge Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1890-1935, of Samuel Humphreys Yonge. Yonge was an army engineer who worked on flood control projects and navigational improvements. Yonge was interested in excavations at Jamestown and Williamsburg, Va. and in archaeological projects throughout Virginia. Included is correspondence; early twentieth century photographs of ruins and excavations at Jamestown; notebooks of land patent abstracts and other notes concerning Jamestown; and printed material. The collection also includes an account of Yonge's impressions of Robert E. Lee, president of Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) when Yonge was a student there and other autobiographical notes.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eEarly twentieth century photographs of ruins and excavations at Jamestown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePicture of Wakefield; Washington's Birthplace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscript of Yonge's student impressions of Robert E. Lee as president of Washington and Lee University. Includes members. Correspondences between Yonge and others about his manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript of Phi Beta Kappa address at Jamestown, Nov 1926. Manuscript of Yonge's address before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Letter from G. Tyler, enclosing map of early street layout of Jamestown. Remarks on English settlements of Virginia. Memorial for remarks at Jamestown in the Memorial Church. Journal of Assembly of V.A.. Library of Congress Copyright. Souvenir of the Church at Old Jamestown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYonge's autobiographical notes. Photographic copy of 1856 hydrographic survey of the James River in vicinity of Jamestown. Yonge's map of James City, V.A., 1607-1698.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo manuscript notebooks containing memos from land patent records of James City Island. Printed works: Government Report Upon the Improvement of Rivers and Harbors in the Norfolk, Virginia District, 1914, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926. Jamestown and James River souvenir booklets, A Brief History of and Guide Book to Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown. Rutherford Goodwin, 1930. Official Guide Book Jamestown Centennial Exposition, 1907. Notes on a Journey on the James, 1907. Report of Investigation with Reference to Improving the James River Technical Advisory Corp., 1924. James River from the Head of the Tidewater to Hampton Roads as a National Waterway, 1886.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA volume of newspaper clippings, 1898-1935, of persons, homes, places, and events of historic interest. Eighty-four page manuscript volume of notes on Jamestown and on bridge construction there. One-hundred ninety-six page manuscript volume of notes on Jamestown. Letters to the Virginia Pilot Concerns; \"Location of Grave of Pocahontas\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal and social notes to Yonge, including invitation to installation of Dr. J. A. C. Chandler as president of William and Mary in 1921; opening of James River Bridge, 1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from Onward Bates, reviewing a life-time friendship of over sixty years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from Philip A. Bruce.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from John Stewart Bryan, attaching blueprints and recommendations for remodeling and making addition to Virginia Historical Society building, 1932.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Bradford Kilby 1923. Society for Preservation of V.A. Antiquities in Suffolk. Includes pictures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Dr. W.A. R. Goodwin, 1928. Misc. letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence between APVA committee and architects of Colonial Williamsburg, 1928-1930. Handwritten letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from J.A C. Chandler discussing Phi Beta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Book 1904-1926. Articles 1903-1929. Speaking about Jamestown 1904-1926.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten notes on Capitol restoration. Perry, Shaw and Hepburn Architects. (1909-1932). Correspondence about Capitol 1928-1931.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1890-1935, of Samuel Humphreys Yonge. Yonge was an army engineer who worked on flood control projects and navigational improvements. Yonge was interested in excavations at Jamestown and Williamsburg, Va. and in archaeological projects throughout Virginia. Included is correspondence; early twentieth century photographs of ruins and excavations at Jamestown; notebooks of land patent abstracts and other notes concerning Jamestown; and printed material. The collection also includes an account of Yonge's impressions of Robert E. Lee, president of Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) when Yonge was a student there and other autobiographical notes.","Early twentieth century photographs of ruins and excavations at Jamestown.","Picture of Wakefield; Washington's Birthplace.","Unpublished manuscript of Yonge's student impressions of Robert E. Lee as president of Washington and Lee University. Includes members. Correspondences between Yonge and others about his manuscripts.","Manuscript of Phi Beta Kappa address at Jamestown, Nov 1926. Manuscript of Yonge's address before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Letter from G. Tyler, enclosing map of early street layout of Jamestown. Remarks on English settlements of Virginia. Memorial for remarks at Jamestown in the Memorial Church. Journal of Assembly of V.A.. Library of Congress Copyright. Souvenir of the Church at Old Jamestown.","Yonge's autobiographical notes. Photographic copy of 1856 hydrographic survey of the James River in vicinity of Jamestown. Yonge's map of James City, V.A., 1607-1698.","Two manuscript notebooks containing memos from land patent records of James City Island. Printed works: Government Report Upon the Improvement of Rivers and Harbors in the Norfolk, Virginia District, 1914, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926. Jamestown and James River souvenir booklets, A Brief History of and Guide Book to Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown. Rutherford Goodwin, 1930. Official Guide Book Jamestown Centennial Exposition, 1907. Notes on a Journey on the James, 1907. Report of Investigation with Reference to Improving the James River Technical Advisory Corp., 1924. James River from the Head of the Tidewater to Hampton Roads as a National Waterway, 1886.","A volume of newspaper clippings, 1898-1935, of persons, homes, places, and events of historic interest. Eighty-four page manuscript volume of notes on Jamestown and on bridge construction there. One-hundred ninety-six page manuscript volume of notes on Jamestown. Letters to the Virginia Pilot Concerns; \"Location of Grave of Pocahontas\".","Personal and social notes to Yonge, including invitation to installation of Dr. J. A. C. Chandler as president of William and Mary in 1921; opening of James River Bridge, 1928.","Letters from Onward Bates, reviewing a life-time friendship of over sixty years.","Letters from Philip A. Bruce.","Letter from John Stewart Bryan, attaching blueprints and recommendations for remodeling and making addition to Virginia Historical Society building, 1932.","Correspondence with Bradford Kilby 1923. Society for Preservation of V.A. Antiquities in Suffolk. Includes pictures.","Correspondence with Dr. W.A. R. Goodwin, 1928. Misc. letters.","Correspondence between APVA committee and architects of Colonial Williamsburg, 1928-1930. Handwritten letters.","Letters from J.A C. Chandler discussing Phi Beta Kappa.","The Book 1904-1926. Articles 1903-1929. Speaking about Jamestown 1904-1926.","Handwritten notes on Capitol restoration. Perry, Shaw and Hepburn Architects. (1909-1932). Correspondence about Capitol 1928-1931."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation"],"names_coll_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":44,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:47:41.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8873","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8873","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8873","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8873","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8873.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Yonge, Samuel H., papers","title_ssm":["Samuel H. Yonge papers"],"title_tesim":["Samuel H. Yonge papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-1935"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel H. Yonge papers, 1890/1935"],"text":["Samuel H. Yonge papers, 1890/1935","01/Mss. 65 Y8","/repositories/2/resources/8873","Jamestown (Va.)--History--17th century","Virginia--History--Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775","Williamsburg (Va.)--Colonial Period--History","Archaeology--Methodology","Washington and Lee University--History","Correspondence","Notebooks","Photographs","557.00 items","Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Yonge was an army engineer who worked on flood control projects and navigational improvements. Yonge was interested in excavations at Jamestown and Williamsburg, Va. and in archaeological projects throughout Virginia. He was also the author of \"The Site of Old 'James Towne,' 1607-1698. A brief Historical and Topographical Sketch of the First American Metropolis,\" which has since been published in numerous editions. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:","Samuel Humphreys Younge","Papers, 1890-1935, of Samuel Humphreys Yonge. Yonge was an army engineer who worked on flood control projects and navigational improvements. Yonge was interested in excavations at Jamestown and Williamsburg, Va. and in archaeological projects throughout Virginia. Included is correspondence; early twentieth century photographs of ruins and excavations at Jamestown; notebooks of land patent abstracts and other notes concerning Jamestown; and printed material. The collection also includes an account of Yonge's impressions of Robert E. Lee, president of Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) when Yonge was a student there and other autobiographical notes.","Early twentieth century photographs of ruins and excavations at Jamestown.","Picture of Wakefield; Washington's Birthplace.","Unpublished manuscript of Yonge's student impressions of Robert E. Lee as president of Washington and Lee University. Includes members. Correspondences between Yonge and others about his manuscripts.","Manuscript of Phi Beta Kappa address at Jamestown, Nov 1926. Manuscript of Yonge's address before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Letter from G. Tyler, enclosing map of early street layout of Jamestown. Remarks on English settlements of Virginia. Memorial for remarks at Jamestown in the Memorial Church. Journal of Assembly of V.A.. Library of Congress Copyright. Souvenir of the Church at Old Jamestown.","Yonge's autobiographical notes. Photographic copy of 1856 hydrographic survey of the James River in vicinity of Jamestown. Yonge's map of James City, V.A., 1607-1698.","Two manuscript notebooks containing memos from land patent records of James City Island. Printed works: Government Report Upon the Improvement of Rivers and Harbors in the Norfolk, Virginia District, 1914, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926. Jamestown and James River souvenir booklets, A Brief History of and Guide Book to Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown. Rutherford Goodwin, 1930. Official Guide Book Jamestown Centennial Exposition, 1907. Notes on a Journey on the James, 1907. Report of Investigation with Reference to Improving the James River Technical Advisory Corp., 1924. James River from the Head of the Tidewater to Hampton Roads as a National Waterway, 1886.","A volume of newspaper clippings, 1898-1935, of persons, homes, places, and events of historic interest. Eighty-four page manuscript volume of notes on Jamestown and on bridge construction there. One-hundred ninety-six page manuscript volume of notes on Jamestown. Letters to the Virginia Pilot Concerns; \"Location of Grave of Pocahontas\".","Personal and social notes to Yonge, including invitation to installation of Dr. J. A. C. Chandler as president of William and Mary in 1921; opening of James River Bridge, 1928.","Letters from Onward Bates, reviewing a life-time friendship of over sixty years.","Letters from Philip A. Bruce.","Letter from John Stewart Bryan, attaching blueprints and recommendations for remodeling and making addition to Virginia Historical Society building, 1932.","Correspondence with Bradford Kilby 1923. Society for Preservation of V.A. Antiquities in Suffolk. Includes pictures.","Correspondence with Dr. W.A. R. Goodwin, 1928. Misc. letters.","Correspondence between APVA committee and architects of Colonial Williamsburg, 1928-1930. Handwritten letters.","Letters from J.A C. Chandler discussing Phi Beta Kappa.","The Book 1904-1926. Articles 1903-1929. Speaking about Jamestown 1904-1926.","Handwritten notes on Capitol restoration. Perry, Shaw and Hepburn Architects. (1909-1932). Correspondence about Capitol 1928-1931.","Special Collections Research Center","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel H. Yonge papers, 1890/1935"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel H. 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Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYonge was an army engineer who worked on flood control projects and navigational improvements. Yonge was interested in excavations at Jamestown and Williamsburg, Va. and in archaeological projects throughout Virginia. He was also the author of \"The Site of Old 'James Towne,' 1607-1698. A brief Historical and Topographical Sketch of the First American Metropolis,\" which has since been published in numerous editions. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Samuel_Humphreys_Younge\"\u003e Samuel Humphreys Younge \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Yonge was an army engineer who worked on flood control projects and navigational improvements. Yonge was interested in excavations at Jamestown and Williamsburg, Va. and in archaeological projects throughout Virginia. He was also the author of \"The Site of Old 'James Towne,' 1607-1698. A brief Historical and Topographical Sketch of the First American Metropolis,\" which has since been published in numerous editions. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:","Samuel Humphreys Younge"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYonge Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Yonge Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1890-1935, of Samuel Humphreys Yonge. Yonge was an army engineer who worked on flood control projects and navigational improvements. Yonge was interested in excavations at Jamestown and Williamsburg, Va. and in archaeological projects throughout Virginia. Included is correspondence; early twentieth century photographs of ruins and excavations at Jamestown; notebooks of land patent abstracts and other notes concerning Jamestown; and printed material. The collection also includes an account of Yonge's impressions of Robert E. Lee, president of Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) when Yonge was a student there and other autobiographical notes.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eEarly twentieth century photographs of ruins and excavations at Jamestown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePicture of Wakefield; Washington's Birthplace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnpublished manuscript of Yonge's student impressions of Robert E. Lee as president of Washington and Lee University. Includes members. Correspondences between Yonge and others about his manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript of Phi Beta Kappa address at Jamestown, Nov 1926. Manuscript of Yonge's address before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Letter from G. Tyler, enclosing map of early street layout of Jamestown. Remarks on English settlements of Virginia. Memorial for remarks at Jamestown in the Memorial Church. Journal of Assembly of V.A.. Library of Congress Copyright. Souvenir of the Church at Old Jamestown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYonge's autobiographical notes. Photographic copy of 1856 hydrographic survey of the James River in vicinity of Jamestown. Yonge's map of James City, V.A., 1607-1698.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo manuscript notebooks containing memos from land patent records of James City Island. Printed works: Government Report Upon the Improvement of Rivers and Harbors in the Norfolk, Virginia District, 1914, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926. Jamestown and James River souvenir booklets, A Brief History of and Guide Book to Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown. Rutherford Goodwin, 1930. Official Guide Book Jamestown Centennial Exposition, 1907. Notes on a Journey on the James, 1907. Report of Investigation with Reference to Improving the James River Technical Advisory Corp., 1924. James River from the Head of the Tidewater to Hampton Roads as a National Waterway, 1886.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA volume of newspaper clippings, 1898-1935, of persons, homes, places, and events of historic interest. Eighty-four page manuscript volume of notes on Jamestown and on bridge construction there. One-hundred ninety-six page manuscript volume of notes on Jamestown. Letters to the Virginia Pilot Concerns; \"Location of Grave of Pocahontas\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal and social notes to Yonge, including invitation to installation of Dr. J. A. C. Chandler as president of William and Mary in 1921; opening of James River Bridge, 1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from Onward Bates, reviewing a life-time friendship of over sixty years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from Philip A. Bruce.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter from John Stewart Bryan, attaching blueprints and recommendations for remodeling and making addition to Virginia Historical Society building, 1932.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Bradford Kilby 1923. Society for Preservation of V.A. Antiquities in Suffolk. Includes pictures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Dr. W.A. R. Goodwin, 1928. Misc. letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence between APVA committee and architects of Colonial Williamsburg, 1928-1930. Handwritten letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters from J.A C. Chandler discussing Phi Beta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Book 1904-1926. Articles 1903-1929. Speaking about Jamestown 1904-1926.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten notes on Capitol restoration. Perry, Shaw and Hepburn Architects. (1909-1932). 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The collection also includes an account of Yonge's impressions of Robert E. Lee, president of Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) when Yonge was a student there and other autobiographical notes.","Early twentieth century photographs of ruins and excavations at Jamestown.","Picture of Wakefield; Washington's Birthplace.","Unpublished manuscript of Yonge's student impressions of Robert E. Lee as president of Washington and Lee University. Includes members. Correspondences between Yonge and others about his manuscripts.","Manuscript of Phi Beta Kappa address at Jamestown, Nov 1926. Manuscript of Yonge's address before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Letter from G. Tyler, enclosing map of early street layout of Jamestown. Remarks on English settlements of Virginia. Memorial for remarks at Jamestown in the Memorial Church. Journal of Assembly of V.A.. Library of Congress Copyright. Souvenir of the Church at Old Jamestown.","Yonge's autobiographical notes. Photographic copy of 1856 hydrographic survey of the James River in vicinity of Jamestown. Yonge's map of James City, V.A., 1607-1698.","Two manuscript notebooks containing memos from land patent records of James City Island. Printed works: Government Report Upon the Improvement of Rivers and Harbors in the Norfolk, Virginia District, 1914, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926. Jamestown and James River souvenir booklets, A Brief History of and Guide Book to Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown. Rutherford Goodwin, 1930. Official Guide Book Jamestown Centennial Exposition, 1907. Notes on a Journey on the James, 1907. Report of Investigation with Reference to Improving the James River Technical Advisory Corp., 1924. James River from the Head of the Tidewater to Hampton Roads as a National Waterway, 1886.","A volume of newspaper clippings, 1898-1935, of persons, homes, places, and events of historic interest. Eighty-four page manuscript volume of notes on Jamestown and on bridge construction there. One-hundred ninety-six page manuscript volume of notes on Jamestown. Letters to the Virginia Pilot Concerns; \"Location of Grave of Pocahontas\".","Personal and social notes to Yonge, including invitation to installation of Dr. J. A. C. Chandler as president of William and Mary in 1921; opening of James River Bridge, 1928.","Letters from Onward Bates, reviewing a life-time friendship of over sixty years.","Letters from Philip A. Bruce.","Letter from John Stewart Bryan, attaching blueprints and recommendations for remodeling and making addition to Virginia Historical Society building, 1932.","Correspondence with Bradford Kilby 1923. Society for Preservation of V.A. Antiquities in Suffolk. Includes pictures.","Correspondence with Dr. W.A. R. Goodwin, 1928. Misc. letters.","Correspondence between APVA committee and architects of Colonial Williamsburg, 1928-1930. Handwritten letters.","Letters from J.A C. Chandler discussing Phi Beta Kappa.","The Book 1904-1926. Articles 1903-1929. Speaking about Jamestown 1904-1926.","Handwritten notes on Capitol restoration. Perry, Shaw and Hepburn Architects. (1909-1932). Correspondence about Capitol 1928-1931."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation"],"names_coll_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation","Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":44,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:47:41.769Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8873"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_4820","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Samuel M. Holt Log Book and Seamen's Certificates, 1880/1922","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_4820#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the journal kept by Captain Samuel M. Holt while sailing to the West Indies, Greenland, Nova Scotia, Forida and other destinations. The first part of the journal gives detailed accounts of Holt's experience sailing to the West Indies, including the conditions on the boat, the weather, ports of call, and the names of officers on each ship. The journal also includes several newsclippings mentioning holt and other nautical topics, Seamen's Certificates for Holt from 1922, a depiction of the different weather signals using colored flags, photographs of the West Indies, and illustrations of boats taken from newspapers including one about the America's Cup in 1885.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_4820#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_4820","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_4820","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_4820","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_4820","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_4820.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Holt, Samuel M. Log Book and Seamen's Certificates","title_ssm":["Samuel M. Holt Log Book and Seamen's Certificates"],"title_tesim":["Samuel M. Holt Log Book and Seamen's Certificates"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-1922"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-1922"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1880/1922"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel M. Holt Log Book and Seamen's Certificates, 1880/1922"],"text":["Samuel M. Holt Log Book and Seamen's Certificates, 1880/1922","SC 01138","/repositories/2/resources/4820","Sailing--British Virgin Islands","Sailors--United States--Social conditions--19th century.","West Indies, British--Description and travel","Clippings (information artifacts)","Logs (records)","Photographs","Printed ephemera","148 pages","Collection is open to all researchers.","This collection is not yet fully arranged and described. Researchers may wish to consult with a staff member for further information in advance of using the collection.","Samuel M. Holt was born in 1862 and was the son of James Henry Holt, a textile merchant, and Laura Moore of North Carolina. After spending over ten years at sea, Samuel and his brother William ran the Lakeside Mills in Burlington, North Carolina. After his father died in 1897, Samuel moved with his brother to be a cattle rancher in Texas. He married Sarah Belle Griffith and had two children, Thomas Holt and Mrs. Webber Williams. Samuel died in Paris, Texas in 1924.","The fragile nature of this material may limit handling.","Accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in March 2014.","Phillip Hamman Papers (Mss. 39.2 H17)","This collection contains the journal kept by Captain Samuel M. Holt while sailing to the West Indies, Greenland, Nova Scotia, Forida and other destinations. The first part of the journal gives detailed accounts of Holt's experience sailing to the West Indies, including the conditions on the boat, the weather, ports of call, and the names of officers on each ship. The journal also includes several newsclippings mentioning holt and other nautical topics, Seamen's Certificates for Holt from 1922, a depiction of the different weather signals using colored flags, photographs of the West Indies, and illustrations of boats taken from newspapers including one about the America's Cup in 1885.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel M. Holt Log Book and Seamen's Certificates, 1880/1922"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel M. 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