{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Notebooks\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1864\u0026page=4","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Notebooks\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1864\u0026page=3","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Notebooks\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1864\u0026page=5","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Notebooks\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1864\u0026page=6"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":4,"next_page":5,"prev_page":3,"total_pages":6,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":30,"total_count":55,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2564","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Michael Kelly collection, 1840/1870","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2564#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eFour mathematical copybooks, 1841-1849 and n.d., with handwritten entries belonging to Elizabeth Gernet[s] and Isaac Knecht. 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Prominent correspondents include James Buchanan, Washington Irving, Dennis Hart Mahan, Winfield Scott and Abel Parker Upshur. Also included is the correspondence of his father, John Robinson (including letters from William C. C. Claiborne), his brothers, Cary, Edwin, Conway and Eustace Robinson and his brother-in-law John C. R. Taylor whose letters concern plantation management. Also included are notebooks of Wirt Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8747#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8747.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Robinson, Moncure Papers","title_ssm":["Moncure Robinson Papers"],"title_tesim":["Moncure Robinson Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-1889"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-1889"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1787/1889"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889"],"text":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889","01/Mss. 65 R56, 77-14","/repositories/2/resources/8747","Agriculture--Southern States--History--19th century","Civil engineering--United States--History--19th century","Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad","Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks","3302 items","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Moncure Robinson (1802-1891) was born in Richmond, Va. He was educated at the College of William and Mary and at the Sorbonne where he studied to be a civil engineer. He was a railroad planner and builder and a railroad and steamboat owner. His most noted project was the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading Railroad. He retired from engineering work in 1847. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Moncure Robinson is referred to as \"one of the most distinguished civil engineers in the United States\" and the \"genius of America's earliest railways.\" He was instrumental in the early development and growth of the country's great railroad system.","Unlike many of the engineers of the early nineteenth century, Robinson did not receive his engineering education at West Point. He acquired his engineering education through self-directed study and the observation of engineering projects throughout the United States and Europe. Within nine years of the introduction of the first steam locomotive in the United States, he surveyed, supervised the construction, or was the consulting engineer for 721 miles of track, or one-third the entire railroad track built to that time. At the time of his death in 1891, over 163,000 miles of track spanned the country.","The Robinson family presence in Virginia dates to 1688 at New Charles Parish. Moncure Robinson was born in Richmond, Virginia on February 2, 1802. He was the eldest son of John Robinson III and Agnes Conway Moncure.","Moncure entered The College of William and Mary in 1816 and was a student there until his expulsion in 1818. The College asked Moncure and 21 other students to leave after a dispute involving the charges for a lecture class. He was later exonerated, but never returned to the school and fulfill his father's expectation to follow his example and become an attorney.","In 1818, fascinated by the canal building that was taking place in Virginia, Robinson applied for a position with the Board of Public Works to survey a route from Richmond to the Ohio River. Denied a job because of his youth, the Board recognized his enthusiasm and allowed Robinson to accompany the surveyors as a volunteer. Three years later, the Board hired him to assist in locating an extension for the James River Canal. He traveled to New York to view the construction of the Erie Canal. That visit convinced him of the advantages of railroads over canals as a means of transportation and an aid to commerce. He submitted a report to the Virginia Board of Public Works disputing the benefits of the further development of canals, and praising the value of the railroad in its place. The Board did not view the report enthusiastically. He resigned his position and, at that moment, became devoted to the development of railroads.","George Stephenson, the inventor of the first steam locomotive for railways that he called, a \"steam propelled traveling engine,\" influenced Robinson greatly. In 1825, Robinson traveled to Europe to meet Stephenson, and attended lectures in mathematics and science at the Sorbonne in France. For three years, he would study the canal and bridges of England and Wales, the great port installations built by Napoleon in France and the dikes of Holland.","Upon his return to the America in 1828, the state of Pennsylvania commissioned Robinson to survey a railroad link over the Alleghany Mountains at Blair's Gap Summit to connect a section of canal at Hollidaysburg on the east with one at Johnstown, 37 miles to the west. Robinson's innovative survey and ingenious design consisted of five level and five inclined planes on either side of the mountain. Stationary steam engines pulled railroad cars up a series of incline planes on one side of the mountain and lowered them down along the inclined plane system on the other side. His design provided specifications for the first railroad tunnel in the United States-the 901 foot Staple Bend Tunnel. The Alleghany Portage, completed in 1834, was an important section of a 400-mile system of canal and rail connecting Philadelphia with Pittsburgh to compete with the Erie Canal.","During the next three years, Robinson engaged in building railroads in Virginia. He was responsible for building four of the first five railroads in the state. His lines connected Richmond with Roanoke, Petersburg, Fredericksburg, and points on the Potomac River. He is responsible for designing a bridge over the James River to accommodate the route from Richmond to Petersburg. The bridge, considered engineering marvel at the time, was 2,844 feet long and rose sixty feet above the river. The latticed superstructure consisted of 19 spans of lengths varying form 140 to 153 feet.","The American Philosophical Society recognized Robinson's engineering proficiency and elected him to membership in 1834.","In 1835, Robinson married Charlotte Randolph Taylor, the granddaughter of Edmund Randolph, the first Attorney General of the United States and Thomas Jefferson's successor as Secretary of State. The newly married Robinson settled in Philadelphia. The Robinsons had 11 children, 5 sons, and 6 daughters, 8 surviving infancy. The surviving children were John Moncure of Baltimore, Edmund Randolph of New York, Agnes Conway, who married Charles Chauncey, Beverley who married Anna Foster, Charles Randolph, Moncure of Philadelphia, Frances Brown who married Algernon Sydney Biddle and Nathalie who married Henry C. Boyer.","In the first year of his marriage, Robinson began work on his greatest engineering achievement-the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading Railroad. The railroad was intended to carry anthracite coal mined in northeastern Pennsylvania to market at Philadelphia. The 1,932 foot Black Rock Tunnel at Phoenixville, and a stone bridge of four, 72-foot long spans spanning the Schuylkill River are major engineering features the line. As Chief Consulting Engineer, Robinson formulated three fundamental rules for determining road grades and track curvatures, invented the iron freight car and was first to use stone for track ballast. In 1836, he traveled to England to obtain investments in the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading and returned with over two million dollars from investors. Robinson designed and named one of most powerful steam locomotives of the time, the \"Gowan \u0026 Marx\", for its two prominent English investors. The \"Gowan \u0026 Marx\" could pull forty times its own weight.","In 1839, he surveyed the route for a railroad from Brunswick, Georgia, on the Atlantic coast, to the Gulf of Mexico.","In 1840, Nicholas I, the Czar of Russia attempted to employ Robinson to oversee the building of a railroad system in Russia. Robinson declined the offer but consulted with Russian engineers on how to proceed.","By appointment of the Secretary of the Navy in 1842, Robinson, along with Commodores William Shubrick and David Conner served on commissions that eventually recommended Wallabout Bay as the site for a dry dock and naval station in New York harbor.","Robinson retired from active civil engineering in 1847 and moved to Philadelphia to devote his time to his personal investments. He left his profession as the leading railroad engineer in the United States, attained an international reputation for engineering excellence and marvelous executive talents, and was frequently consulted during his retirement on various railroad projects. He influenced Frederick List, called the \"Father of German Railroads\" and Michel Chevalier, the Minister of Public Works under Louis Philippe and the most eminent engineer in France.","In 1853, the American Society of Civil Engineers bestowed one of its highest honors on Robinson by electing him an honorary member.","Robinson purchased a large farm at Penllyn, north of Philadelphia and operated it as a Southern plantation. He was an open advocate of abolition and freed his slaves at the outset of the Civil War; however, he had sympathies with the South partly because of his investments in southern railroads. His son John Moncure, a Colonel in the Confederate army, went to England by order of Jefferson Davis to procure loans and purchase supplies for the South. Many of the John's contacts were the very same investors that his father had courted during the construction of the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading. While in Europe, John corresponded with his father and transferred large sums of money southern banks.","Moncure Robinson died on November 16, 1891. He is buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. At the time of his death, there were over 163,000 miles of railroad track in the United States.","Box and folder inventory completed by Emily Eklund, SCRC staff, in January 2011.","See also; Robinson Family Papers (Mss. 39.1 R56), Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","Personal and professional papers of Moncure Robinson dealing mostly with management of Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad in which he held controlling interest. Prominent correspondents include James Buchanan, Washington Irving, Dennis Hart Mahan, Winfield Scott and Abel Parker Upshur. Also included is the correspondence of his father, John Robinson (including letters from William C. C. Claiborne), his brothers, Cary, Edwin, Conway and Eustace Robinson and his brother-in-law John C. R. Taylor whose letters concern plantation management. Also included are notebooks of Wirt Robinson.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Reserach Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Robinson family","Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889"],"collection_ssim":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01/Mss. 65 R56, 77-14","/repositories/2/resources/8747"],"unitid_tesim":["01/Mss. 65 R56, 77-14","/repositories/2/resources/8747"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family"],"creator_ssim":["Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Robinson family"],"creators_ssim":["Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Robinson family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Reserach Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials in this collection were donated to William \u0026 Mary Special Collections Research Center numerous batches between the period of 1928 and 1977 by Miss Agnes Conway Robinson, Moncure Biddle (as a gift of the Moncure Robinson descendants), Wirt R. Robinson, and from University of Virginia Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture--Southern States--History--19th century","Civil engineering--United States--History--19th century","Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad","Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture--Southern States--History--19th century","Civil engineering--United States--History--19th century","Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad","Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["3302 items"],"extent_ssm":["4.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoncure Robinson (1802-1891) was born in Richmond, Va. He was educated at the College of William and Mary and at the Sorbonne where he studied to be a civil engineer. He was a railroad planner and builder and a railroad and steamboat owner. His most noted project was the Philadelphia \u0026amp; Reading Railroad. He retired from engineering work in 1847. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Moncure_Robinson\" title=\"Moncure Robinson\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Moncure Robinson is referred to as \"one of the most distinguished civil engineers in the United States\" and the \"genius of America's earliest railways.\" He was instrumental in the early development and growth of the country's great railroad system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Unlike many of the engineers of the early nineteenth century, Robinson did not receive his engineering education at West Point. He acquired his engineering education through self-directed study and the observation of engineering projects throughout the United States and Europe. Within nine years of the introduction of the first steam locomotive in the United States, he surveyed, supervised the construction, or was the consulting engineer for 721 miles of track, or one-third the entire railroad track built to that time. At the time of his death in 1891, over 163,000 miles of track spanned the country.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Robinson family presence in Virginia dates to 1688 at New Charles Parish. Moncure Robinson was born in Richmond, Virginia on February 2, 1802. He was the eldest son of John Robinson III and Agnes Conway Moncure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Moncure entered The College of William and Mary in 1816 and was a student there until his expulsion in 1818. The College asked Moncure and 21 other students to leave after a dispute involving the charges for a lecture class. He was later exonerated, but never returned to the school and fulfill his father's expectation to follow his example and become an attorney.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1818, fascinated by the canal building that was taking place in Virginia, Robinson applied for a position with the Board of Public Works to survey a route from Richmond to the Ohio River. Denied a job because of his youth, the Board recognized his enthusiasm and allowed Robinson to accompany the surveyors as a volunteer. Three years later, the Board hired him to assist in locating an extension for the James River Canal. He traveled to New York to view the construction of the Erie Canal. That visit convinced him of the advantages of railroads over canals as a means of transportation and an aid to commerce. He submitted a report to the Virginia Board of Public Works disputing the benefits of the further development of canals, and praising the value of the railroad in its place. The Board did not view the report enthusiastically. He resigned his position and, at that moment, became devoted to the development of railroads.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e George Stephenson, the inventor of the first steam locomotive for railways that he called, a \"steam propelled traveling engine,\" influenced Robinson greatly. In 1825, Robinson traveled to Europe to meet Stephenson, and attended lectures in mathematics and science at the Sorbonne in France. For three years, he would study the canal and bridges of England and Wales, the great port installations built by Napoleon in France and the dikes of Holland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Upon his return to the America in 1828, the state of Pennsylvania commissioned Robinson to survey a railroad link over the Alleghany Mountains at Blair's Gap Summit to connect a section of canal at Hollidaysburg on the east with one at Johnstown, 37 miles to the west. Robinson's innovative survey and ingenious design consisted of five level and five inclined planes on either side of the mountain. Stationary steam engines pulled railroad cars up a series of incline planes on one side of the mountain and lowered them down along the inclined plane system on the other side. His design provided specifications for the first railroad tunnel in the United States-the 901 foot Staple Bend Tunnel. The Alleghany Portage, completed in 1834, was an important section of a 400-mile system of canal and rail connecting Philadelphia with Pittsburgh to compete with the Erie Canal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e During the next three years, Robinson engaged in building railroads in Virginia. He was responsible for building four of the first five railroads in the state. His lines connected Richmond with Roanoke, Petersburg, Fredericksburg, and points on the Potomac River. He is responsible for designing a bridge over the James River to accommodate the route from Richmond to Petersburg. The bridge, considered engineering marvel at the time, was 2,844 feet long and rose sixty feet above the river. The latticed superstructure consisted of 19 spans of lengths varying form 140 to 153 feet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The American Philosophical Society recognized Robinson's engineering proficiency and elected him to membership in 1834.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1835, Robinson married Charlotte Randolph Taylor, the granddaughter of Edmund Randolph, the first Attorney General of the United States and Thomas Jefferson's successor as Secretary of State. The newly married Robinson settled in Philadelphia. The Robinsons had 11 children, 5 sons, and 6 daughters, 8 surviving infancy. The surviving children were John Moncure of Baltimore, Edmund Randolph of New York, Agnes Conway, who married Charles Chauncey, Beverley who married Anna Foster, Charles Randolph, Moncure of Philadelphia, Frances Brown who married Algernon Sydney Biddle and Nathalie who married Henry C. Boyer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In the first year of his marriage, Robinson began work on his greatest engineering achievement-the Philadelphia \u0026amp; Reading Railroad. The railroad was intended to carry anthracite coal mined in northeastern Pennsylvania to market at Philadelphia. The 1,932 foot Black Rock Tunnel at Phoenixville, and a stone bridge of four, 72-foot long spans spanning the Schuylkill River are major engineering features the line. As Chief Consulting Engineer, Robinson formulated three fundamental rules for determining road grades and track curvatures, invented the iron freight car and was first to use stone for track ballast. In 1836, he traveled to England to obtain investments in the Philadelphia \u0026amp; Reading and returned with over two million dollars from investors. Robinson designed and named one of most powerful steam locomotives of the time, the \"Gowan \u0026amp; Marx\", for its two prominent English investors. The \"Gowan \u0026amp; Marx\" could pull forty times its own weight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1839, he surveyed the route for a railroad from Brunswick, Georgia, on the Atlantic coast, to the Gulf of Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1840, Nicholas I, the Czar of Russia attempted to employ Robinson to oversee the building of a railroad system in Russia. Robinson declined the offer but consulted with Russian engineers on how to proceed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e By appointment of the Secretary of the Navy in 1842, Robinson, along with Commodores William Shubrick and David Conner served on commissions that eventually recommended Wallabout Bay as the site for a dry dock and naval station in New York harbor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Robinson retired from active civil engineering in 1847 and moved to Philadelphia to devote his time to his personal investments. He left his profession as the leading railroad engineer in the United States, attained an international reputation for engineering excellence and marvelous executive talents, and was frequently consulted during his retirement on various railroad projects. He influenced Frederick List, called the \"Father of German Railroads\" and Michel Chevalier, the Minister of Public Works under Louis Philippe and the most eminent engineer in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1853, the American Society of Civil Engineers bestowed one of its highest honors on Robinson by electing him an honorary member.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Robinson purchased a large farm at Penllyn, north of Philadelphia and operated it as a Southern plantation. He was an open advocate of abolition and freed his slaves at the outset of the Civil War; however, he had sympathies with the South partly because of his investments in southern railroads. His son John Moncure, a Colonel in the Confederate army, went to England by order of Jefferson Davis to procure loans and purchase supplies for the South. Many of the John's contacts were the very same investors that his father had courted during the construction of the Philadelphia \u0026amp; Reading. While in Europe, John corresponded with his father and transferred large sums of money southern banks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Moncure Robinson died on November 16, 1891. He is buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. At the time of his death, there were over 163,000 miles of railroad track in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Moncure Robinson (1802-1891) was born in Richmond, Va. He was educated at the College of William and Mary and at the Sorbonne where he studied to be a civil engineer. He was a railroad planner and builder and a railroad and steamboat owner. His most noted project was the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading Railroad. He retired from engineering work in 1847. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Moncure Robinson is referred to as \"one of the most distinguished civil engineers in the United States\" and the \"genius of America's earliest railways.\" He was instrumental in the early development and growth of the country's great railroad system.","Unlike many of the engineers of the early nineteenth century, Robinson did not receive his engineering education at West Point. He acquired his engineering education through self-directed study and the observation of engineering projects throughout the United States and Europe. Within nine years of the introduction of the first steam locomotive in the United States, he surveyed, supervised the construction, or was the consulting engineer for 721 miles of track, or one-third the entire railroad track built to that time. At the time of his death in 1891, over 163,000 miles of track spanned the country.","The Robinson family presence in Virginia dates to 1688 at New Charles Parish. Moncure Robinson was born in Richmond, Virginia on February 2, 1802. He was the eldest son of John Robinson III and Agnes Conway Moncure.","Moncure entered The College of William and Mary in 1816 and was a student there until his expulsion in 1818. The College asked Moncure and 21 other students to leave after a dispute involving the charges for a lecture class. He was later exonerated, but never returned to the school and fulfill his father's expectation to follow his example and become an attorney.","In 1818, fascinated by the canal building that was taking place in Virginia, Robinson applied for a position with the Board of Public Works to survey a route from Richmond to the Ohio River. Denied a job because of his youth, the Board recognized his enthusiasm and allowed Robinson to accompany the surveyors as a volunteer. Three years later, the Board hired him to assist in locating an extension for the James River Canal. He traveled to New York to view the construction of the Erie Canal. That visit convinced him of the advantages of railroads over canals as a means of transportation and an aid to commerce. He submitted a report to the Virginia Board of Public Works disputing the benefits of the further development of canals, and praising the value of the railroad in its place. The Board did not view the report enthusiastically. He resigned his position and, at that moment, became devoted to the development of railroads.","George Stephenson, the inventor of the first steam locomotive for railways that he called, a \"steam propelled traveling engine,\" influenced Robinson greatly. In 1825, Robinson traveled to Europe to meet Stephenson, and attended lectures in mathematics and science at the Sorbonne in France. For three years, he would study the canal and bridges of England and Wales, the great port installations built by Napoleon in France and the dikes of Holland.","Upon his return to the America in 1828, the state of Pennsylvania commissioned Robinson to survey a railroad link over the Alleghany Mountains at Blair's Gap Summit to connect a section of canal at Hollidaysburg on the east with one at Johnstown, 37 miles to the west. Robinson's innovative survey and ingenious design consisted of five level and five inclined planes on either side of the mountain. Stationary steam engines pulled railroad cars up a series of incline planes on one side of the mountain and lowered them down along the inclined plane system on the other side. His design provided specifications for the first railroad tunnel in the United States-the 901 foot Staple Bend Tunnel. The Alleghany Portage, completed in 1834, was an important section of a 400-mile system of canal and rail connecting Philadelphia with Pittsburgh to compete with the Erie Canal.","During the next three years, Robinson engaged in building railroads in Virginia. He was responsible for building four of the first five railroads in the state. His lines connected Richmond with Roanoke, Petersburg, Fredericksburg, and points on the Potomac River. He is responsible for designing a bridge over the James River to accommodate the route from Richmond to Petersburg. The bridge, considered engineering marvel at the time, was 2,844 feet long and rose sixty feet above the river. The latticed superstructure consisted of 19 spans of lengths varying form 140 to 153 feet.","The American Philosophical Society recognized Robinson's engineering proficiency and elected him to membership in 1834.","In 1835, Robinson married Charlotte Randolph Taylor, the granddaughter of Edmund Randolph, the first Attorney General of the United States and Thomas Jefferson's successor as Secretary of State. The newly married Robinson settled in Philadelphia. The Robinsons had 11 children, 5 sons, and 6 daughters, 8 surviving infancy. The surviving children were John Moncure of Baltimore, Edmund Randolph of New York, Agnes Conway, who married Charles Chauncey, Beverley who married Anna Foster, Charles Randolph, Moncure of Philadelphia, Frances Brown who married Algernon Sydney Biddle and Nathalie who married Henry C. Boyer.","In the first year of his marriage, Robinson began work on his greatest engineering achievement-the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading Railroad. The railroad was intended to carry anthracite coal mined in northeastern Pennsylvania to market at Philadelphia. The 1,932 foot Black Rock Tunnel at Phoenixville, and a stone bridge of four, 72-foot long spans spanning the Schuylkill River are major engineering features the line. As Chief Consulting Engineer, Robinson formulated three fundamental rules for determining road grades and track curvatures, invented the iron freight car and was first to use stone for track ballast. In 1836, he traveled to England to obtain investments in the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading and returned with over two million dollars from investors. Robinson designed and named one of most powerful steam locomotives of the time, the \"Gowan \u0026 Marx\", for its two prominent English investors. The \"Gowan \u0026 Marx\" could pull forty times its own weight.","In 1839, he surveyed the route for a railroad from Brunswick, Georgia, on the Atlantic coast, to the Gulf of Mexico.","In 1840, Nicholas I, the Czar of Russia attempted to employ Robinson to oversee the building of a railroad system in Russia. Robinson declined the offer but consulted with Russian engineers on how to proceed.","By appointment of the Secretary of the Navy in 1842, Robinson, along with Commodores William Shubrick and David Conner served on commissions that eventually recommended Wallabout Bay as the site for a dry dock and naval station in New York harbor.","Robinson retired from active civil engineering in 1847 and moved to Philadelphia to devote his time to his personal investments. He left his profession as the leading railroad engineer in the United States, attained an international reputation for engineering excellence and marvelous executive talents, and was frequently consulted during his retirement on various railroad projects. He influenced Frederick List, called the \"Father of German Railroads\" and Michel Chevalier, the Minister of Public Works under Louis Philippe and the most eminent engineer in France.","In 1853, the American Society of Civil Engineers bestowed one of its highest honors on Robinson by electing him an honorary member.","Robinson purchased a large farm at Penllyn, north of Philadelphia and operated it as a Southern plantation. He was an open advocate of abolition and freed his slaves at the outset of the Civil War; however, he had sympathies with the South partly because of his investments in southern railroads. His son John Moncure, a Colonel in the Confederate army, went to England by order of Jefferson Davis to procure loans and purchase supplies for the South. Many of the John's contacts were the very same investors that his father had courted during the construction of the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading. While in Europe, John corresponded with his father and transferred large sums of money southern banks.","Moncure Robinson died on November 16, 1891. He is buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. At the time of his death, there were over 163,000 miles of railroad track in the United States."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoncure Robinson Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Moncure Robinson Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox and folder inventory completed by Emily Eklund, SCRC staff, in January 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Box and folder inventory completed by Emily Eklund, SCRC staff, in January 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also; Robinson Family Papers (Mss. 39.1 R56), Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also; Robinson Family Papers (Mss. 39.1 R56), Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePersonal and professional papers of Moncure Robinson dealing mostly with management of Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad in which he held controlling interest. Prominent correspondents include James Buchanan, Washington Irving, Dennis Hart Mahan, Winfield Scott and Abel Parker Upshur. Also included is the correspondence of his father, John Robinson (including letters from William C. C. Claiborne), his brothers, Cary, Edwin, Conway and Eustace Robinson and his brother-in-law John C. R. Taylor whose letters concern plantation management. Also included are notebooks of Wirt Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Personal and professional papers of Moncure Robinson dealing mostly with management of Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad in which he held controlling interest. Prominent correspondents include James Buchanan, Washington Irving, Dennis Hart Mahan, Winfield Scott and Abel Parker Upshur. Also included is the correspondence of his father, John Robinson (including letters from William C. C. Claiborne), his brothers, Cary, Edwin, Conway and Eustace Robinson and his brother-in-law John C. R. Taylor whose letters concern plantation management. Also included are notebooks of Wirt Robinson."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Reserach Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Reserach Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Robinson family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844"],"famname_ssim":["Robinson family"],"persname_ssim":["Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Robinson family","Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":699,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:04:26.875Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8747.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Robinson, Moncure Papers","title_ssm":["Moncure Robinson Papers"],"title_tesim":["Moncure Robinson Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-1889"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-1889"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1787/1889"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889"],"text":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889","01/Mss. 65 R56, 77-14","/repositories/2/resources/8747","Agriculture--Southern States--History--19th century","Civil engineering--United States--History--19th century","Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad","Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks","3302 items","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Moncure Robinson (1802-1891) was born in Richmond, Va. He was educated at the College of William and Mary and at the Sorbonne where he studied to be a civil engineer. He was a railroad planner and builder and a railroad and steamboat owner. His most noted project was the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading Railroad. He retired from engineering work in 1847. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Moncure Robinson is referred to as \"one of the most distinguished civil engineers in the United States\" and the \"genius of America's earliest railways.\" He was instrumental in the early development and growth of the country's great railroad system.","Unlike many of the engineers of the early nineteenth century, Robinson did not receive his engineering education at West Point. He acquired his engineering education through self-directed study and the observation of engineering projects throughout the United States and Europe. Within nine years of the introduction of the first steam locomotive in the United States, he surveyed, supervised the construction, or was the consulting engineer for 721 miles of track, or one-third the entire railroad track built to that time. At the time of his death in 1891, over 163,000 miles of track spanned the country.","The Robinson family presence in Virginia dates to 1688 at New Charles Parish. Moncure Robinson was born in Richmond, Virginia on February 2, 1802. He was the eldest son of John Robinson III and Agnes Conway Moncure.","Moncure entered The College of William and Mary in 1816 and was a student there until his expulsion in 1818. The College asked Moncure and 21 other students to leave after a dispute involving the charges for a lecture class. He was later exonerated, but never returned to the school and fulfill his father's expectation to follow his example and become an attorney.","In 1818, fascinated by the canal building that was taking place in Virginia, Robinson applied for a position with the Board of Public Works to survey a route from Richmond to the Ohio River. Denied a job because of his youth, the Board recognized his enthusiasm and allowed Robinson to accompany the surveyors as a volunteer. Three years later, the Board hired him to assist in locating an extension for the James River Canal. He traveled to New York to view the construction of the Erie Canal. That visit convinced him of the advantages of railroads over canals as a means of transportation and an aid to commerce. He submitted a report to the Virginia Board of Public Works disputing the benefits of the further development of canals, and praising the value of the railroad in its place. The Board did not view the report enthusiastically. He resigned his position and, at that moment, became devoted to the development of railroads.","George Stephenson, the inventor of the first steam locomotive for railways that he called, a \"steam propelled traveling engine,\" influenced Robinson greatly. In 1825, Robinson traveled to Europe to meet Stephenson, and attended lectures in mathematics and science at the Sorbonne in France. For three years, he would study the canal and bridges of England and Wales, the great port installations built by Napoleon in France and the dikes of Holland.","Upon his return to the America in 1828, the state of Pennsylvania commissioned Robinson to survey a railroad link over the Alleghany Mountains at Blair's Gap Summit to connect a section of canal at Hollidaysburg on the east with one at Johnstown, 37 miles to the west. Robinson's innovative survey and ingenious design consisted of five level and five inclined planes on either side of the mountain. Stationary steam engines pulled railroad cars up a series of incline planes on one side of the mountain and lowered them down along the inclined plane system on the other side. His design provided specifications for the first railroad tunnel in the United States-the 901 foot Staple Bend Tunnel. The Alleghany Portage, completed in 1834, was an important section of a 400-mile system of canal and rail connecting Philadelphia with Pittsburgh to compete with the Erie Canal.","During the next three years, Robinson engaged in building railroads in Virginia. He was responsible for building four of the first five railroads in the state. His lines connected Richmond with Roanoke, Petersburg, Fredericksburg, and points on the Potomac River. He is responsible for designing a bridge over the James River to accommodate the route from Richmond to Petersburg. The bridge, considered engineering marvel at the time, was 2,844 feet long and rose sixty feet above the river. The latticed superstructure consisted of 19 spans of lengths varying form 140 to 153 feet.","The American Philosophical Society recognized Robinson's engineering proficiency and elected him to membership in 1834.","In 1835, Robinson married Charlotte Randolph Taylor, the granddaughter of Edmund Randolph, the first Attorney General of the United States and Thomas Jefferson's successor as Secretary of State. The newly married Robinson settled in Philadelphia. The Robinsons had 11 children, 5 sons, and 6 daughters, 8 surviving infancy. The surviving children were John Moncure of Baltimore, Edmund Randolph of New York, Agnes Conway, who married Charles Chauncey, Beverley who married Anna Foster, Charles Randolph, Moncure of Philadelphia, Frances Brown who married Algernon Sydney Biddle and Nathalie who married Henry C. Boyer.","In the first year of his marriage, Robinson began work on his greatest engineering achievement-the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading Railroad. The railroad was intended to carry anthracite coal mined in northeastern Pennsylvania to market at Philadelphia. The 1,932 foot Black Rock Tunnel at Phoenixville, and a stone bridge of four, 72-foot long spans spanning the Schuylkill River are major engineering features the line. As Chief Consulting Engineer, Robinson formulated three fundamental rules for determining road grades and track curvatures, invented the iron freight car and was first to use stone for track ballast. In 1836, he traveled to England to obtain investments in the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading and returned with over two million dollars from investors. Robinson designed and named one of most powerful steam locomotives of the time, the \"Gowan \u0026 Marx\", for its two prominent English investors. The \"Gowan \u0026 Marx\" could pull forty times its own weight.","In 1839, he surveyed the route for a railroad from Brunswick, Georgia, on the Atlantic coast, to the Gulf of Mexico.","In 1840, Nicholas I, the Czar of Russia attempted to employ Robinson to oversee the building of a railroad system in Russia. Robinson declined the offer but consulted with Russian engineers on how to proceed.","By appointment of the Secretary of the Navy in 1842, Robinson, along with Commodores William Shubrick and David Conner served on commissions that eventually recommended Wallabout Bay as the site for a dry dock and naval station in New York harbor.","Robinson retired from active civil engineering in 1847 and moved to Philadelphia to devote his time to his personal investments. He left his profession as the leading railroad engineer in the United States, attained an international reputation for engineering excellence and marvelous executive talents, and was frequently consulted during his retirement on various railroad projects. He influenced Frederick List, called the \"Father of German Railroads\" and Michel Chevalier, the Minister of Public Works under Louis Philippe and the most eminent engineer in France.","In 1853, the American Society of Civil Engineers bestowed one of its highest honors on Robinson by electing him an honorary member.","Robinson purchased a large farm at Penllyn, north of Philadelphia and operated it as a Southern plantation. He was an open advocate of abolition and freed his slaves at the outset of the Civil War; however, he had sympathies with the South partly because of his investments in southern railroads. His son John Moncure, a Colonel in the Confederate army, went to England by order of Jefferson Davis to procure loans and purchase supplies for the South. Many of the John's contacts were the very same investors that his father had courted during the construction of the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading. While in Europe, John corresponded with his father and transferred large sums of money southern banks.","Moncure Robinson died on November 16, 1891. He is buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. At the time of his death, there were over 163,000 miles of railroad track in the United States.","Box and folder inventory completed by Emily Eklund, SCRC staff, in January 2011.","See also; Robinson Family Papers (Mss. 39.1 R56), Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","Personal and professional papers of Moncure Robinson dealing mostly with management of Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad in which he held controlling interest. Prominent correspondents include James Buchanan, Washington Irving, Dennis Hart Mahan, Winfield Scott and Abel Parker Upshur. Also included is the correspondence of his father, John Robinson (including letters from William C. C. Claiborne), his brothers, Cary, Edwin, Conway and Eustace Robinson and his brother-in-law John C. R. Taylor whose letters concern plantation management. Also included are notebooks of Wirt Robinson.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Reserach Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Robinson family","Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889"],"collection_ssim":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01/Mss. 65 R56, 77-14","/repositories/2/resources/8747"],"unitid_tesim":["01/Mss. 65 R56, 77-14","/repositories/2/resources/8747"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family"],"creator_ssim":["Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Robinson family"],"creators_ssim":["Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Robinson family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Reserach Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials in this collection were donated to William \u0026 Mary Special Collections Research Center numerous batches between the period of 1928 and 1977 by Miss Agnes Conway Robinson, Moncure Biddle (as a gift of the Moncure Robinson descendants), Wirt R. Robinson, and from University of Virginia Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture--Southern States--History--19th century","Civil engineering--United States--History--19th century","Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad","Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture--Southern States--History--19th century","Civil engineering--United States--History--19th century","Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad","Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["3302 items"],"extent_ssm":["4.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoncure Robinson (1802-1891) was born in Richmond, Va. He was educated at the College of William and Mary and at the Sorbonne where he studied to be a civil engineer. He was a railroad planner and builder and a railroad and steamboat owner. His most noted project was the Philadelphia \u0026amp; Reading Railroad. He retired from engineering work in 1847. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Moncure_Robinson\" title=\"Moncure Robinson\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Moncure Robinson is referred to as \"one of the most distinguished civil engineers in the United States\" and the \"genius of America's earliest railways.\" He was instrumental in the early development and growth of the country's great railroad system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Unlike many of the engineers of the early nineteenth century, Robinson did not receive his engineering education at West Point. He acquired his engineering education through self-directed study and the observation of engineering projects throughout the United States and Europe. Within nine years of the introduction of the first steam locomotive in the United States, he surveyed, supervised the construction, or was the consulting engineer for 721 miles of track, or one-third the entire railroad track built to that time. At the time of his death in 1891, over 163,000 miles of track spanned the country.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Robinson family presence in Virginia dates to 1688 at New Charles Parish. Moncure Robinson was born in Richmond, Virginia on February 2, 1802. He was the eldest son of John Robinson III and Agnes Conway Moncure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Moncure entered The College of William and Mary in 1816 and was a student there until his expulsion in 1818. The College asked Moncure and 21 other students to leave after a dispute involving the charges for a lecture class. He was later exonerated, but never returned to the school and fulfill his father's expectation to follow his example and become an attorney.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1818, fascinated by the canal building that was taking place in Virginia, Robinson applied for a position with the Board of Public Works to survey a route from Richmond to the Ohio River. Denied a job because of his youth, the Board recognized his enthusiasm and allowed Robinson to accompany the surveyors as a volunteer. Three years later, the Board hired him to assist in locating an extension for the James River Canal. He traveled to New York to view the construction of the Erie Canal. That visit convinced him of the advantages of railroads over canals as a means of transportation and an aid to commerce. He submitted a report to the Virginia Board of Public Works disputing the benefits of the further development of canals, and praising the value of the railroad in its place. The Board did not view the report enthusiastically. He resigned his position and, at that moment, became devoted to the development of railroads.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e George Stephenson, the inventor of the first steam locomotive for railways that he called, a \"steam propelled traveling engine,\" influenced Robinson greatly. In 1825, Robinson traveled to Europe to meet Stephenson, and attended lectures in mathematics and science at the Sorbonne in France. For three years, he would study the canal and bridges of England and Wales, the great port installations built by Napoleon in France and the dikes of Holland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Upon his return to the America in 1828, the state of Pennsylvania commissioned Robinson to survey a railroad link over the Alleghany Mountains at Blair's Gap Summit to connect a section of canal at Hollidaysburg on the east with one at Johnstown, 37 miles to the west. Robinson's innovative survey and ingenious design consisted of five level and five inclined planes on either side of the mountain. Stationary steam engines pulled railroad cars up a series of incline planes on one side of the mountain and lowered them down along the inclined plane system on the other side. His design provided specifications for the first railroad tunnel in the United States-the 901 foot Staple Bend Tunnel. The Alleghany Portage, completed in 1834, was an important section of a 400-mile system of canal and rail connecting Philadelphia with Pittsburgh to compete with the Erie Canal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e During the next three years, Robinson engaged in building railroads in Virginia. He was responsible for building four of the first five railroads in the state. His lines connected Richmond with Roanoke, Petersburg, Fredericksburg, and points on the Potomac River. He is responsible for designing a bridge over the James River to accommodate the route from Richmond to Petersburg. The bridge, considered engineering marvel at the time, was 2,844 feet long and rose sixty feet above the river. The latticed superstructure consisted of 19 spans of lengths varying form 140 to 153 feet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The American Philosophical Society recognized Robinson's engineering proficiency and elected him to membership in 1834.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1835, Robinson married Charlotte Randolph Taylor, the granddaughter of Edmund Randolph, the first Attorney General of the United States and Thomas Jefferson's successor as Secretary of State. The newly married Robinson settled in Philadelphia. The Robinsons had 11 children, 5 sons, and 6 daughters, 8 surviving infancy. The surviving children were John Moncure of Baltimore, Edmund Randolph of New York, Agnes Conway, who married Charles Chauncey, Beverley who married Anna Foster, Charles Randolph, Moncure of Philadelphia, Frances Brown who married Algernon Sydney Biddle and Nathalie who married Henry C. Boyer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In the first year of his marriage, Robinson began work on his greatest engineering achievement-the Philadelphia \u0026amp; Reading Railroad. The railroad was intended to carry anthracite coal mined in northeastern Pennsylvania to market at Philadelphia. The 1,932 foot Black Rock Tunnel at Phoenixville, and a stone bridge of four, 72-foot long spans spanning the Schuylkill River are major engineering features the line. As Chief Consulting Engineer, Robinson formulated three fundamental rules for determining road grades and track curvatures, invented the iron freight car and was first to use stone for track ballast. In 1836, he traveled to England to obtain investments in the Philadelphia \u0026amp; Reading and returned with over two million dollars from investors. Robinson designed and named one of most powerful steam locomotives of the time, the \"Gowan \u0026amp; Marx\", for its two prominent English investors. The \"Gowan \u0026amp; Marx\" could pull forty times its own weight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1839, he surveyed the route for a railroad from Brunswick, Georgia, on the Atlantic coast, to the Gulf of Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1840, Nicholas I, the Czar of Russia attempted to employ Robinson to oversee the building of a railroad system in Russia. Robinson declined the offer but consulted with Russian engineers on how to proceed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e By appointment of the Secretary of the Navy in 1842, Robinson, along with Commodores William Shubrick and David Conner served on commissions that eventually recommended Wallabout Bay as the site for a dry dock and naval station in New York harbor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Robinson retired from active civil engineering in 1847 and moved to Philadelphia to devote his time to his personal investments. He left his profession as the leading railroad engineer in the United States, attained an international reputation for engineering excellence and marvelous executive talents, and was frequently consulted during his retirement on various railroad projects. He influenced Frederick List, called the \"Father of German Railroads\" and Michel Chevalier, the Minister of Public Works under Louis Philippe and the most eminent engineer in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1853, the American Society of Civil Engineers bestowed one of its highest honors on Robinson by electing him an honorary member.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Robinson purchased a large farm at Penllyn, north of Philadelphia and operated it as a Southern plantation. He was an open advocate of abolition and freed his slaves at the outset of the Civil War; however, he had sympathies with the South partly because of his investments in southern railroads. His son John Moncure, a Colonel in the Confederate army, went to England by order of Jefferson Davis to procure loans and purchase supplies for the South. Many of the John's contacts were the very same investors that his father had courted during the construction of the Philadelphia \u0026amp; Reading. While in Europe, John corresponded with his father and transferred large sums of money southern banks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Moncure Robinson died on November 16, 1891. He is buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. At the time of his death, there were over 163,000 miles of railroad track in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Moncure Robinson (1802-1891) was born in Richmond, Va. He was educated at the College of William and Mary and at the Sorbonne where he studied to be a civil engineer. He was a railroad planner and builder and a railroad and steamboat owner. His most noted project was the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading Railroad. He retired from engineering work in 1847. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Moncure Robinson is referred to as \"one of the most distinguished civil engineers in the United States\" and the \"genius of America's earliest railways.\" He was instrumental in the early development and growth of the country's great railroad system.","Unlike many of the engineers of the early nineteenth century, Robinson did not receive his engineering education at West Point. He acquired his engineering education through self-directed study and the observation of engineering projects throughout the United States and Europe. Within nine years of the introduction of the first steam locomotive in the United States, he surveyed, supervised the construction, or was the consulting engineer for 721 miles of track, or one-third the entire railroad track built to that time. At the time of his death in 1891, over 163,000 miles of track spanned the country.","The Robinson family presence in Virginia dates to 1688 at New Charles Parish. Moncure Robinson was born in Richmond, Virginia on February 2, 1802. He was the eldest son of John Robinson III and Agnes Conway Moncure.","Moncure entered The College of William and Mary in 1816 and was a student there until his expulsion in 1818. The College asked Moncure and 21 other students to leave after a dispute involving the charges for a lecture class. He was later exonerated, but never returned to the school and fulfill his father's expectation to follow his example and become an attorney.","In 1818, fascinated by the canal building that was taking place in Virginia, Robinson applied for a position with the Board of Public Works to survey a route from Richmond to the Ohio River. Denied a job because of his youth, the Board recognized his enthusiasm and allowed Robinson to accompany the surveyors as a volunteer. Three years later, the Board hired him to assist in locating an extension for the James River Canal. He traveled to New York to view the construction of the Erie Canal. That visit convinced him of the advantages of railroads over canals as a means of transportation and an aid to commerce. He submitted a report to the Virginia Board of Public Works disputing the benefits of the further development of canals, and praising the value of the railroad in its place. The Board did not view the report enthusiastically. He resigned his position and, at that moment, became devoted to the development of railroads.","George Stephenson, the inventor of the first steam locomotive for railways that he called, a \"steam propelled traveling engine,\" influenced Robinson greatly. In 1825, Robinson traveled to Europe to meet Stephenson, and attended lectures in mathematics and science at the Sorbonne in France. For three years, he would study the canal and bridges of England and Wales, the great port installations built by Napoleon in France and the dikes of Holland.","Upon his return to the America in 1828, the state of Pennsylvania commissioned Robinson to survey a railroad link over the Alleghany Mountains at Blair's Gap Summit to connect a section of canal at Hollidaysburg on the east with one at Johnstown, 37 miles to the west. Robinson's innovative survey and ingenious design consisted of five level and five inclined planes on either side of the mountain. Stationary steam engines pulled railroad cars up a series of incline planes on one side of the mountain and lowered them down along the inclined plane system on the other side. His design provided specifications for the first railroad tunnel in the United States-the 901 foot Staple Bend Tunnel. The Alleghany Portage, completed in 1834, was an important section of a 400-mile system of canal and rail connecting Philadelphia with Pittsburgh to compete with the Erie Canal.","During the next three years, Robinson engaged in building railroads in Virginia. He was responsible for building four of the first five railroads in the state. His lines connected Richmond with Roanoke, Petersburg, Fredericksburg, and points on the Potomac River. He is responsible for designing a bridge over the James River to accommodate the route from Richmond to Petersburg. The bridge, considered engineering marvel at the time, was 2,844 feet long and rose sixty feet above the river. The latticed superstructure consisted of 19 spans of lengths varying form 140 to 153 feet.","The American Philosophical Society recognized Robinson's engineering proficiency and elected him to membership in 1834.","In 1835, Robinson married Charlotte Randolph Taylor, the granddaughter of Edmund Randolph, the first Attorney General of the United States and Thomas Jefferson's successor as Secretary of State. The newly married Robinson settled in Philadelphia. The Robinsons had 11 children, 5 sons, and 6 daughters, 8 surviving infancy. The surviving children were John Moncure of Baltimore, Edmund Randolph of New York, Agnes Conway, who married Charles Chauncey, Beverley who married Anna Foster, Charles Randolph, Moncure of Philadelphia, Frances Brown who married Algernon Sydney Biddle and Nathalie who married Henry C. Boyer.","In the first year of his marriage, Robinson began work on his greatest engineering achievement-the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading Railroad. The railroad was intended to carry anthracite coal mined in northeastern Pennsylvania to market at Philadelphia. The 1,932 foot Black Rock Tunnel at Phoenixville, and a stone bridge of four, 72-foot long spans spanning the Schuylkill River are major engineering features the line. As Chief Consulting Engineer, Robinson formulated three fundamental rules for determining road grades and track curvatures, invented the iron freight car and was first to use stone for track ballast. In 1836, he traveled to England to obtain investments in the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading and returned with over two million dollars from investors. Robinson designed and named one of most powerful steam locomotives of the time, the \"Gowan \u0026 Marx\", for its two prominent English investors. The \"Gowan \u0026 Marx\" could pull forty times its own weight.","In 1839, he surveyed the route for a railroad from Brunswick, Georgia, on the Atlantic coast, to the Gulf of Mexico.","In 1840, Nicholas I, the Czar of Russia attempted to employ Robinson to oversee the building of a railroad system in Russia. Robinson declined the offer but consulted with Russian engineers on how to proceed.","By appointment of the Secretary of the Navy in 1842, Robinson, along with Commodores William Shubrick and David Conner served on commissions that eventually recommended Wallabout Bay as the site for a dry dock and naval station in New York harbor.","Robinson retired from active civil engineering in 1847 and moved to Philadelphia to devote his time to his personal investments. He left his profession as the leading railroad engineer in the United States, attained an international reputation for engineering excellence and marvelous executive talents, and was frequently consulted during his retirement on various railroad projects. He influenced Frederick List, called the \"Father of German Railroads\" and Michel Chevalier, the Minister of Public Works under Louis Philippe and the most eminent engineer in France.","In 1853, the American Society of Civil Engineers bestowed one of its highest honors on Robinson by electing him an honorary member.","Robinson purchased a large farm at Penllyn, north of Philadelphia and operated it as a Southern plantation. He was an open advocate of abolition and freed his slaves at the outset of the Civil War; however, he had sympathies with the South partly because of his investments in southern railroads. His son John Moncure, a Colonel in the Confederate army, went to England by order of Jefferson Davis to procure loans and purchase supplies for the South. Many of the John's contacts were the very same investors that his father had courted during the construction of the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading. While in Europe, John corresponded with his father and transferred large sums of money southern banks.","Moncure Robinson died on November 16, 1891. He is buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. At the time of his death, there were over 163,000 miles of railroad track in the United States."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoncure Robinson Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Moncure Robinson Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox and folder inventory completed by Emily Eklund, SCRC staff, in January 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Box and folder inventory completed by Emily Eklund, SCRC staff, in January 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also; Robinson Family Papers (Mss. 39.1 R56), Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also; Robinson Family Papers (Mss. 39.1 R56), Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePersonal and professional papers of Moncure Robinson dealing mostly with management of Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad in which he held controlling interest. Prominent correspondents include James Buchanan, Washington Irving, Dennis Hart Mahan, Winfield Scott and Abel Parker Upshur. Also included is the correspondence of his father, John Robinson (including letters from William C. C. Claiborne), his brothers, Cary, Edwin, Conway and Eustace Robinson and his brother-in-law John C. R. Taylor whose letters concern plantation management. Also included are notebooks of Wirt Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Personal and professional papers of Moncure Robinson dealing mostly with management of Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad in which he held controlling interest. Prominent correspondents include James Buchanan, Washington Irving, Dennis Hart Mahan, Winfield Scott and Abel Parker Upshur. Also included is the correspondence of his father, John Robinson (including letters from William C. C. Claiborne), his brothers, Cary, Edwin, Conway and Eustace Robinson and his brother-in-law John C. R. Taylor whose letters concern plantation management. Also included are notebooks of Wirt Robinson."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Reserach Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Reserach Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Robinson family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844"],"famname_ssim":["Robinson family"],"persname_ssim":["Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Robinson family","Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":699,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:04:26.875Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8747"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8598","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Morton Genealogical Inquiries Collection, 1844/1960","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8598#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Morton, Margaret H.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8598#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and notes on Virginia families by Mrs. Margaret H. Morton, genealogist, of Farmville, Virginia in response to inquires. 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Acc. 1986.29","/repositories/2/resources/8598","Buckingham County (Va.)--History","Campbell County (Va.)--History","Charlotte County (Va.)--History","Cumberland County (Va.)","Genealogy","Prince Edward County (Va.)--History","Correspondence","Notebooks","Research notes","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. 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Morton and his wife, Mrs. Margaret H. Morton of Farmville, Virginia which trace the descendants of Joseph Morton of Prince Edward County, Virginia and allied families. Includes primary source material, such as the 1830 daybook of the J. J. Dupuy Company of Charlotte Court House. 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The notebook also includes clippings, puzzles, and riddles."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:30.860Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_102","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_102","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_102","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_102","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_102.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00047.xml","title_ssm":["William E. Arnold notebook"],"title_tesim":["William E. Arnold notebook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1864"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1849/1864"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William E. Arnold notebook, 1849/1864"],"text":["William E. Arnold notebook, 1849/1864","MS.0018","/repositories/3/resources/102","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet compositions—Poetry","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1853","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1840-1849","Notebooks","Poetry","There are no restrictions","William Elisha Arnold was born June 14, 1840 in Franklin County, Virginia to James Arnold and Julia Barrow. He enrolled at VMI in July 1849 and graduated in July 1853. Shortly after graduation, he married Susan Meriweather Taliaferro of Amherst County, Virginia and the couple had five children: William, Julia, James, Frederic, and Kate. Arnold taught school in Amherst County, and in 1859, began teaching math and tactics at the Lafayette Military Institute in Lexington, Missouri.","During the Civil War, Arnold served briefly in the Missouri State Guard and in an artillery unit before passing his medical exams. 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The notebook also includes clippings, puzzles, and riddles.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Arnold, William E. (William Elisha), 1830-1902","Denby, Charles, 1830-1904","Benton, Thomas O. (Thomas Owen), 1830-1907","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["William E. Arnold notebook, 1849/1864"],"collection_ssim":["William E. 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(Thomas Owen), 1830-1907","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. 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Shortly after graduation, he married Susan Meriweather Taliaferro of Amherst County, Virginia and the couple had five children: William, Julia, James, Frederic, and Kate. Arnold taught school in Amherst County, and in 1859, began teaching math and tactics at the Lafayette Military Institute in Lexington, Missouri.","During the Civil War, Arnold served briefly in the Missouri State Guard and in an artillery unit before passing his medical exams. After November 1862, he was a medical officer assigned to various commands. After the War, Arnold practiced medicine in Springfield, Missouri. He died there on August 18, 1902."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam E. Arnold notebook, 1849-1864. MS 0018. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["William E. Arnold notebook, 1849-1864. MS 0018. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a poetry notebook compiled by William E. Arnold during the period between 1849 and 1864. The bulk of the entries date from the years in which he was a VMI cadet (1849-1853). Such notebooks were popular among VMI cadets of the mid-19th century and typically contain both original and copied verse. This notebook contains approximately 50 poems by Arnold, other cadets, various 19th century poets, and anonymous authors. Cadet poetry includes \"The Regulations\" by Charles Denby (VMI Class of 1850) and \"The Six Plebes on Leaving for Richmond\" by Thomas O. Benton (VMI Class of 1850). A few poems were composed by Arnold during the Civil War. The notebook also includes clippings, puzzles, and riddles.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a poetry notebook compiled by William E. Arnold during the period between 1849 and 1864. The bulk of the entries date from the years in which he was a VMI cadet (1849-1853). Such notebooks were popular among VMI cadets of the mid-19th century and typically contain both original and copied verse. This notebook contains approximately 50 poems by Arnold, other cadets, various 19th century poets, and anonymous authors. Cadet poetry includes \"The Regulations\" by Charles Denby (VMI Class of 1850) and \"The Six Plebes on Leaving for Richmond\" by Thomas O. Benton (VMI Class of 1850). A few poems were composed by Arnold during the Civil War. The notebook also includes clippings, puzzles, and riddles."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. 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(William Elisha), 1830-1902","Denby, Charles, 1830-1904","Benton, Thomas O. (Thomas Owen), 1830-1907"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Arnold, William E. (William Elisha), 1830-1902","Denby, Charles, 1830-1904","Benton, Thomas O. 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Smith; autographs of his VMI classmates, and a resolution on the death of Cadet Thomas Blackburn.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104_c01_c02_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104_c01_c02_c01","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104_c01_c02_c01"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104_c01_c02_c01","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["Barton family papers, 1855/1869","Charles M. Barton papers, 1855/1870","Notebook, 1855/1870"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104_c01","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104_c01_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Notebook","title_ssm":["Notebook"],"title_tesim":["Notebook"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Notebook, 1855/1870"],"text":["Notebook, 1855/1870","Barton family papers, 1855/1869","Charles M. Barton papers, 1855/1870","Notebook, 1855/1870","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1856","Virginia Military Institute—Songs and music","Virginia Military Institute—Academics—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Notebooks","Poetry","English","The notebook (approximately 250 pages) contains poetry copied by Charles, including \"The Faculty of the VMI,\" which describes Francis H. Smith, John T.L. Preston, and other early faculty members; class notes from lectures given by Francis H. Smith; autographs of his VMI classmates, and a resolution on the death of Cadet Thomas Blackburn.","The notebook, although pertaining largely to Charles, also contains notes on law and notations concerning legal cases and fees. This material likely relates to Randolph J. Barton, an attorney."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Barton family papers, 1855/1869","Charles M. Barton papers, 1855/1870","Notebook, 1855/1870"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Barton family papers, 1855/1869","Charles M. 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Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1856","Virginia Military Institute—Songs and music","Virginia Military Institute—Academics—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Notebooks","Poetry"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1856","Virginia Military Institute—Songs and music","Virginia Military Institute—Academics—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Notebooks","Poetry"],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe notebook (approximately 250 pages) contains poetry copied by Charles, including \"The Faculty of the VMI,\" which describes Francis H. Smith, John T.L. Preston, and other early faculty members; class notes from lectures given by Francis H. Smith; autographs of his VMI classmates, and a resolution on the death of Cadet Thomas Blackburn.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe notebook, although pertaining largely to Charles, also contains notes on law and notations concerning legal cases and fees. This material likely relates to Randolph J. Barton, an attorney.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The notebook (approximately 250 pages) contains poetry copied by Charles, including \"The Faculty of the VMI,\" which describes Francis H. Smith, John T.L. Preston, and other early faculty members; class notes from lectures given by Francis H. Smith; autographs of his VMI classmates, and a resolution on the death of Cadet Thomas Blackburn.","The notebook, although pertaining largely to Charles, also contains notes on law and notations concerning legal cases and fees. This material likely relates to Randolph J. Barton, an attorney."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:30.860Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_104.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00049.xml","title_ssm":["Barton family papers"],"title_tesim":["Barton family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1855-1869"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1869"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1855/1869"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Barton family papers, 1855/1869"],"text":["Barton family papers, 1855/1869","MS.0020","/repositories/3/resources/104","Virginia Military Institute—Academics—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Anecdotes","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet compositions—Poetry","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1856","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1866","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Murder—Virginia—Lexington","Notebooks","Poetry","There are no restrictions","Charles Marshall Barton, the eldest son of David W. Barton and and Frances (Fanny) Jones Barton, was born in Winchester, Virginia on November 30, 1836. His preparatory education was received at Winchester Academy and at Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia). He entered VMI in 1852 and graduated in 1856. He subsequently returned to the Winchester area where he was a farmer. Charles married Ellen Harvie Marshall of Fauquier County in 1859. During the Civil War, he served with Cutshaw's Artillery Battery and was mortally wounded in action near Winchester on May 25, 1862.","Randolph J. Barton, Charles's younger brother, was born in Winchester on April 24, 1844. He attended the VMI for one year (1860-1861), and joined the 33rd Virginia Infantry Regiment at the beginning of the Civil War. He subsequently served in the 2nd Virginia Infantry and as a Staff Officer for Generals Elisha F. Paxton, James A. Walker, and William R. Terry. Following the War, Randolph practiced law in Baltimore, Maryland. He married Agnes P. Kirkland of Baltimore on December 29, 1869 and the couple had nine children. He died on March 15, 1921.","Bolling W. Barton, a younger brother of Charles and Randolph, was born in Winchester on November 24, 1846. He entered VMI on September 25, 1862, and while at the Institute, took part in the Battle of New Market (Virginia) on May 15, 1864. In November 1864 he joined the 1st Foreign Battalion. After the Civil War, Bolling studied and practiced medicine, and also taught botany at Johns Hopkins University. He married Ella Jane Gibson in 1872 and the couple had no children. He died in Loudoun County, Virginia on February 18, 1924.","A larger collection of Barton family papers is located at the Handley Library in Winchester, Virginia.","The Barton family papers consist of the papers of three members of the Barton family who attended VMI during the mid-19th century. Papers related to Charles M. Barton (VMI Class of 1856) include a letter (dated September 28, 1855) from Charles to his cousin Joseph M. Barton in which he complains about VMI life and about his instructor Thomas J. \"Stonewall\" Jackson (Jackson is described as a \"hell of a fool\"). Other Charles Barton material is found in a notebook (approximately 250 pages) that contains poetry copied by Charles, including \"The Faculty of the VMI,\" which describes Francis H. Smith, John T.L. Preston, and other early faculty members; class notes from lectures given by Francis H. Smith; autographs of his VMI classmates, and a resolution on the death of Cadet Thomas Blackburn.","The notebook described above, although pertaining largely to Charles, also contains notes on law and notations concerning legal cases and fees. This material likely relates to Randolph Barton (VMI Class of 1864), an attorney.","Material related to Bolling W. Barton (VMI Class of 1866) includes one letter (dated January 18, 1864) from Frank (last name unknown, but a VMI alumnus), and six documents, primarily French language exercises.","Material related to Randolph J. Barton includes a typescript photocopy of a speech delivered by Randolph to the VMI Class of 1912.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Barton family","Barton, Charles M. (Charles Marshall), 1836-1862","Barton, Bolling W. (Bolling Walter), 1845-1924","Barton, Randolph J., 1844-1921","Smith, Francis H. 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Barton and and Frances (Fanny) Jones Barton, was born in Winchester, Virginia on November 30, 1836. His preparatory education was received at Winchester Academy and at Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia). He entered VMI in 1852 and graduated in 1856. He subsequently returned to the Winchester area where he was a farmer. Charles married Ellen Harvie Marshall of Fauquier County in 1859. During the Civil War, he served with Cutshaw's Artillery Battery and was mortally wounded in action near Winchester on May 25, 1862.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRandolph J. Barton, Charles's younger brother, was born in Winchester on April 24, 1844. He attended the VMI for one year (1860-1861), and joined the 33rd Virginia Infantry Regiment at the beginning of the Civil War. He subsequently served in the 2nd Virginia Infantry and as a Staff Officer for Generals Elisha F. Paxton, James A. Walker, and William R. Terry. Following the War, Randolph practiced law in Baltimore, Maryland. He married Agnes P. Kirkland of Baltimore on December 29, 1869 and the couple had nine children. He died on March 15, 1921.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBolling W. Barton, a younger brother of Charles and Randolph, was born in Winchester on November 24, 1846. He entered VMI on September 25, 1862, and while at the Institute, took part in the Battle of New Market (Virginia) on May 15, 1864. In November 1864 he joined the 1st Foreign Battalion. After the Civil War, Bolling studied and practiced medicine, and also taught botany at Johns Hopkins University. He married Ella Jane Gibson in 1872 and the couple had no children. He died in Loudoun County, Virginia on February 18, 1924.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Marshall Barton, the eldest son of David W. Barton and and Frances (Fanny) Jones Barton, was born in Winchester, Virginia on November 30, 1836. His preparatory education was received at Winchester Academy and at Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia). He entered VMI in 1852 and graduated in 1856. He subsequently returned to the Winchester area where he was a farmer. Charles married Ellen Harvie Marshall of Fauquier County in 1859. During the Civil War, he served with Cutshaw's Artillery Battery and was mortally wounded in action near Winchester on May 25, 1862.","Randolph J. Barton, Charles's younger brother, was born in Winchester on April 24, 1844. He attended the VMI for one year (1860-1861), and joined the 33rd Virginia Infantry Regiment at the beginning of the Civil War. He subsequently served in the 2nd Virginia Infantry and as a Staff Officer for Generals Elisha F. Paxton, James A. Walker, and William R. Terry. Following the War, Randolph practiced law in Baltimore, Maryland. He married Agnes P. Kirkland of Baltimore on December 29, 1869 and the couple had nine children. He died on March 15, 1921.","Bolling W. Barton, a younger brother of Charles and Randolph, was born in Winchester on November 24, 1846. He entered VMI on September 25, 1862, and while at the Institute, took part in the Battle of New Market (Virginia) on May 15, 1864. In November 1864 he joined the 1st Foreign Battalion. After the Civil War, Bolling studied and practiced medicine, and also taught botany at Johns Hopkins University. He married Ella Jane Gibson in 1872 and the couple had no children. He died in Loudoun County, Virginia on February 18, 1924."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBarton family papers, 1855-1869. MS 0020. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Barton family papers, 1855-1869. MS 0020. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA larger collection of Barton family papers is located at the Handley Library in Winchester, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A larger collection of Barton family papers is located at the Handley Library in Winchester, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Barton family papers consist of the papers of three members of the Barton family who attended VMI during the mid-19th century. Papers related to Charles M. Barton (VMI Class of 1856) include a letter (dated September 28, 1855) from Charles to his cousin Joseph M. Barton in which he complains about VMI life and about his instructor Thomas J. \"Stonewall\" Jackson (Jackson is described as a \"hell of a fool\"). Other Charles Barton material is found in a notebook (approximately 250 pages) that contains poetry copied by Charles, including \"The Faculty of the VMI,\" which describes Francis H. Smith, John T.L. Preston, and other early faculty members; class notes from lectures given by Francis H. Smith; autographs of his VMI classmates, and a resolution on the death of Cadet Thomas Blackburn.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe notebook described above, although pertaining largely to Charles, also contains notes on law and notations concerning legal cases and fees. This material likely relates to Randolph Barton (VMI Class of 1864), an attorney.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial related to Bolling W. Barton (VMI Class of 1866) includes one letter (dated January 18, 1864) from Frank (last name unknown, but a VMI alumnus), and six documents, primarily French language exercises.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial related to Randolph J. Barton includes a typescript photocopy of a speech delivered by Randolph to the VMI Class of 1912.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Barton family papers consist of the papers of three members of the Barton family who attended VMI during the mid-19th century. Papers related to Charles M. Barton (VMI Class of 1856) include a letter (dated September 28, 1855) from Charles to his cousin Joseph M. Barton in which he complains about VMI life and about his instructor Thomas J. \"Stonewall\" Jackson (Jackson is described as a \"hell of a fool\"). Other Charles Barton material is found in a notebook (approximately 250 pages) that contains poetry copied by Charles, including \"The Faculty of the VMI,\" which describes Francis H. Smith, John T.L. Preston, and other early faculty members; class notes from lectures given by Francis H. Smith; autographs of his VMI classmates, and a resolution on the death of Cadet Thomas Blackburn.","The notebook described above, although pertaining largely to Charles, also contains notes on law and notations concerning legal cases and fees. This material likely relates to Randolph Barton (VMI Class of 1864), an attorney.","Material related to Bolling W. Barton (VMI Class of 1866) includes one letter (dated January 18, 1864) from Frank (last name unknown, but a VMI alumnus), and six documents, primarily French language exercises.","Material related to Randolph J. Barton includes a typescript photocopy of a speech delivered by Randolph to the VMI Class of 1912."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_42cb3f2e301940272676fb2f5080e20a\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"famname_ssim":["Barton family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Barton family","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854"],"persname_ssim":["Barton, Charles M. (Charles Marshall), 1836-1862","Barton, Bolling W. (Bolling Walter), 1845-1924","Barton, Randolph J., 1844-1921","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Robinson, Thomas B. (Thomas Beverly), 1836-1895"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Barton family","Barton, Charles M. (Charles Marshall), 1836-1862","Barton, Bolling W. (Bolling Walter), 1845-1924","Barton, Randolph J., 1844-1921","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Blackburn, Thomas, 1834-1854","Robinson, Thomas B. (Thomas Beverly), 1836-1895"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":17,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:30.860Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_104_c01_c02_c01"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Notebook and diary, 1864/1865","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis one volume notebook and diary (approximately 45 pages) contains personal notes (December 1864 to April 1865) and brief diary entries (January 1; April 3 to 13, 1865). The diary portion covers activities of the 1st Engineers Regiment during the last few days of the Civil War. The diary also mentions the surrender at Appomattox, Virginia, and includes a pencil sketch of surrender site. Notes concern supplies, furloughs, desertions, guard rosters, and maxims and quotations from books.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165_c01","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165_c01"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165_c01","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165","parent_ssim":["Robert A. Boyd notebook and diary, 1864/1865"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165"],"title_filing_ssi":"Notebook and diary","title_ssm":["Notebook and diary"],"title_tesim":["Notebook and diary"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Notebook and diary, 1864/1865"],"text":["Notebook and diary, 1864/1865","Robert A. Boyd notebook and diary, 1864/1865","Appomattox (Va.)","Confederate States of America. Army—Corps of Engineers","Soldiers—Virginia—Diaries","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1863","Diaries","Notebooks","English","This one volume notebook and diary (approximately 45 pages) contains personal notes (December 1864 to April 1865) and brief diary entries (January 1; April 3 to 13, 1865). The diary portion covers activities of the 1st Engineers Regiment during the last few days of the Civil War. The diary also mentions the surrender at Appomattox, Virginia, and includes a pencil sketch of surrender site. Notes concern supplies, furloughs, desertions, guard rosters, and maxims and quotations from books."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert A. Boyd notebook and diary, 1864/1865"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert A. Boyd notebook and diary, 1864/1865"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864/1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1865"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Robert A. Boyd notebook and diary, 1864/1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"geogname_ssim":["Appomattox (Va.)"],"geogname_ssm":["Appomattox (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Appomattox (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army—Corps of Engineers","Soldiers—Virginia—Diaries","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1863","Diaries","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. 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Notes concern supplies, furloughs, desertions, guard rosters, and maxims and quotations from books.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This one volume notebook and diary (approximately 45 pages) contains personal notes (December 1864 to April 1865) and brief diary entries (January 1; April 3 to 13, 1865). The diary portion covers activities of the 1st Engineers Regiment during the last few days of the Civil War. The diary also mentions the surrender at Appomattox, Virginia, and includes a pencil sketch of surrender site. Notes concern supplies, furloughs, desertions, guard rosters, and maxims and quotations from books."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:30.860Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_165.xml","title_ssm":["Robert A. Boyd notebook and diary"],"title_tesim":["Robert A. Boyd notebook and diary"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1865"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1864/1865"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert A. Boyd notebook and diary, 1864/1865"],"text":["Robert A. Boyd notebook and diary, 1864/1865","MS.0092","/repositories/3/resources/165","Appomattox (Va.)","Confederate States of America. Army—Corps of Engineers","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1863","Soldiers—Virginia—Diaries","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Diaries","Notebooks","There are no restrictions.","Robert Alexander Boyd was born in 1842 in Mecklenburg County, Virginia. He graduated from VMI in 1863. He served as a 1st Sergeant, Company D, 1st Regiment, Confederate States Engineers. After the Civil War, he was a farmer. Boyd died in 1909 in Williamsburg, Virginia.","This collection consists of a one volume notebook and diary (approximately 45 pages) written by Robert A. Boyd. It contains personal notes (December 1864 to April 1865) and brief diary entries (January 1; April 3 to 13, 1865). The diary portion covers activities of the 1st Engineers Regiment during the last few days of the Civil War. The diary also mentions the surrender at Appomattox, Virginia, and includes a pencil sketch of surrender site. Notes concern supplies, furloughs, desertions, guard rosters, and maxims and quotations from books.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","The original notebook is in poor condition and some pages are partially illegible.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Boyd, Robert A. (Robert Alexander), 1842-1909","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert A. Boyd notebook and diary, 1864/1865"],"collection_ssim":["Robert A. 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Boyd died in 1909 in Williamsburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Alexander Boyd was born in 1842 in Mecklenburg County, Virginia. He graduated from VMI in 1863. He served as a 1st Sergeant, Company D, 1st Regiment, Confederate States Engineers. After the Civil War, he was a farmer. Boyd died in 1909 in Williamsburg, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert A. Boyd notebook and diary, 1864-1865. MS 0092. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Robert A. Boyd notebook and diary, 1864-1865. MS 0092. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a one volume notebook and diary (approximately 45 pages) written by Robert A. Boyd. It contains personal notes (December 1864 to April 1865) and brief diary entries (January 1; April 3 to 13, 1865). The diary portion covers activities of the 1st Engineers Regiment during the last few days of the Civil War. The diary also mentions the surrender at Appomattox, Virginia, and includes a pencil sketch of surrender site. Notes concern supplies, furloughs, desertions, guard rosters, and maxims and quotations from books.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a one volume notebook and diary (approximately 45 pages) written by Robert A. Boyd. It contains personal notes (December 1864 to April 1865) and brief diary entries (January 1; April 3 to 13, 1865). The diary portion covers activities of the 1st Engineers Regiment during the last few days of the Civil War. The diary also mentions the surrender at Appomattox, Virginia, and includes a pencil sketch of surrender site. Notes concern supplies, furloughs, desertions, guard rosters, and maxims and quotations from books."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"materialspec_html_tesm":["\u003cmaterialspec id=\"aspace_ee63a33347b84f98a9e01fd7abfa40d7\"\u003eThe original notebook is in poor condition and some pages are partially illegible.\u003c/materialspec\u003e\n    "],"materialspec_tesim":["The original notebook is in poor condition and some pages are partially illegible."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5b41adb06ec42a1b43424171e8d28352\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Boyd, Robert A. (Robert Alexander), 1842-1909"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Boyd, Robert A. (Robert Alexander), 1842-1909"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:30.860Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_165_c01"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7185","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Prudence Saunders Notebook, 1863/1864","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7185#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eNotebook, 1863-1864, of \"Prudie\" (Prudence)] Saunders of \"Rocky Hill,\" near Courtland, Alabama, a student at Tuskaloosa [sic] Female College, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. The book which contains French exercises, also includes a diary, April 1-23, 1864, verses, and a list, May 1, 1864, of students at the college.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7185#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7185","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7185","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7185","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7185","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_7185.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Prudence Saunders Notebook","title_ssm":["Prudence Saunders Notebook"],"title_tesim":["Prudence Saunders Notebook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1863-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1863-1864"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1863/1864"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Prudence Saunders Notebook, 1863/1864"],"text":["Prudence Saunders Notebook, 1863/1864","Mss. MsV Nfr2","/repositories/2/resources/7185","Education, Higher--United States--History","Tuscaloosa Female College","Women--Alabama--History","Diaries","Notebooks","50 p. : bound volume ; 20 cm.","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Notebook, 1863-1864, of \"Prudie\" (Prudence)] Saunders of \"Rocky Hill,\" near Courtland, Alabama, a student at Tuskaloosa [sic] Female College, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. The book which contains French exercises, also includes a diary, April 1-23, 1864, verses, and a list, May 1, 1864, of students at the college.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Prudence Saunders Notebook, 1863/1864"],"collection_ssim":["Prudence Saunders Notebook, 1863/1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. MsV Nfr2","/repositories/2/resources/7185"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. MsV Nfr2","/repositories/2/resources/7185"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher--United States--History","Tuscaloosa Female College","Women--Alabama--History","Diaries","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher--United States--History","Tuscaloosa Female College","Women--Alabama--History","Diaries","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["50 p. : bound volume ; 20 cm."],"extent_ssm":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1863,1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eInformation about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Prudence_Saunders\" title=\"Prudence Saunders\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrudence Saunders Notebook, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Prudence Saunders Notebook, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNotebook, 1863-1864, of \"Prudie\" (Prudence)] Saunders of \"Rocky Hill,\" near Courtland, Alabama, a student at Tuskaloosa [sic] Female College, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. 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