{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Minutes+%28administrative+records%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Minutes+%28administrative+records%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":6,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_397#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"eBay (Firm)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_397#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_397#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_397.xml","title_ssm":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867-1908"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867-1908"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0238","/repositories/4/resources/397"],"text":["SC 0238","/repositories/4/resources/397","Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","School buildings -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Education -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Lyceums -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)","Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The notebook and loose pages are foldered separately.","Gochenour, Zula.  Works Progress Administration of Virginia Historical Inventory: Copp's School House Site and Valley Pike Cemetery Site , 1936.","Shenandoah County Historical Society.  Reflections: Early Schools of Shenandoah County, Virginia . Woodstock, Va.: Shenandoah County Historical Society, 1995.","Sweetster, William B. Jr.  A Copious Fountain: A History of the Union Presbyterian Seminary, 1812-2012 . Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2016.","Given that the creator of the Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger is unknown, the following biographical/historical note is written in general terms.","Copp's Schoolhouse, originally located east of Route 11 on Route 600 in Maurertown, Virginia, was one of the oldest schools in Shenandoah County. The land for the school site was provided by Nicholas Doll ca. 1807 and was originally known as Doll School. The school functioned as a church and a school and also hosted other gatherings. At least for three dates in February 1867, Copp's Schoolhouse hosted the weekly meeting of the Johnsonian Lyceum, an organization comprised of local men who would pose and discuss esoteric topics. Copp's Schoolhouse eventually closed as the school age population shifted and other neighboring schools were built. The schoolhouse was razed ca. 1877 to erect the Valley Pike Church of the Brethren.","Loose pages were removed and foldered separately. These items include a multi-page inventory of personal property sold, presumably from the estate of George M. Conner, and a note with calculations.","The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.","The notebook begins with 12 pages of undated notes in an unknown hand titled \"Interpretation of Dr. B. M. Smith's Lectures.\" Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith (1811-1893) was a native Virginian and attended Hampden-Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia and Union Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. In 1854, he was elected chair of Oriental Literature at Union Seminary. The topics discussed in the notes include design of ministry, bible criticism, integrity of the Hebrew text, and Hebrew manuscripts.","The following four pages include the constitution and by-laws of the Johnsonian Lyceum which met, at least for three meetings in February 1867, at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia. The lyceum's prime directive was the \"cultivation of the mind and the improvement of its members in the art of [practical] speaking by the discussion of questions of practical importance.\" Also included is a list of members totaling 18 people. Members include N. Milton Rhodes (who is identified later in the notebook as the lyceum's president), Andrew M. Wright, Joseph B. McInturf, Joseph Doll, Silas Crabill, David Saum, and James Rosenberger. Three pages of meeting minute notes of the Johnsonian Lyceum follow. The general agenda for the meetings was to take roll, pose questions for future discussion, and discuss and vote on a question posed at a prior meeting. Questions proposed for discussion included \"Does virtue always ensure happiness?,\" \"Is the hope of reward a greater incentive to action than the fear of punishment?,\" Which deserves greater praise: Columbus for discovering or Washington for defending America?,\" and \"Is the mind of woman inferior to that of man?\" The latter question was debated at the February 20, 1867 meeting and, after some discussion, the lyceum voted in the negative.","Thirty-two pages of additional lecture notes follow the Johnsonian Lyceum's meeting minutes. Topics are similar to the earlier lecture notes and include mentions of Jewish manuscripts, papyrus, and early inks.","The notebook then transitions into an account book and includes eight pages of account information between Cline, Seiberling \u0026 Co. and N. Milton Rhodes. According to the accounts, dated 1872-1875, Rhodes was primarily purchasing farm implements and paying for miscellaneous repairs.","The remainder of the ledger dates from 1882 to 1908 and is comprised of inventories of personal property appraised and sold, and other miscellaneous financial statements. Individuals whose estates are sold off include John Fetzer, Isaac Wisman, William P. Stultz, and George M. Conner. Purchasers names are also listed; all are likely Shenandoah County residents.","Various handwritings are present throughout the notebook and ledger. The creator(s) is unknown, though it is likely that N. Milton Rhodes was responsible for some of the notebook's content.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0238","/repositories/4/resources/397"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["eBay (Firm)"],"creator_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"creators_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased on Ebay in February 2017 from a seller in Clemmons, North Carolina."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School buildings -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Education -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Lyceums -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School buildings -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Education -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Lyceums -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 2 legal folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 2 legal folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)"],"date_range_isim":[1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe notebook and loose pages are foldered separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The notebook and loose pages are foldered separately."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eGochenour, Zula. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWorks Progress Administration of Virginia Historical Inventory: Copp's School House Site and Valley Pike Cemetery Site\u003c/emph\u003e, 1936.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eShenandoah County Historical Society. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eReflections: Early Schools of Shenandoah County, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. Woodstock, Va.: Shenandoah County Historical Society, 1995.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eSweetster, William B. Jr. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Copious Fountain: A History of the Union Presbyterian Seminary, 1812-2012\u003c/emph\u003e. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2016.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Gochenour, Zula.  Works Progress Administration of Virginia Historical Inventory: Copp's School House Site and Valley Pike Cemetery Site , 1936.","Shenandoah County Historical Society.  Reflections: Early Schools of Shenandoah County, Virginia . Woodstock, Va.: Shenandoah County Historical Society, 1995.","Sweetster, William B. Jr.  A Copious Fountain: A History of the Union Presbyterian Seminary, 1812-2012 . Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2016."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiven that the creator of the Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger is unknown, the following biographical/historical note is written in general terms.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCopp's Schoolhouse, originally located east of Route 11 on Route 600 in Maurertown, Virginia, was one of the oldest schools in Shenandoah County. The land for the school site was provided by Nicholas Doll ca. 1807 and was originally known as Doll School. The school functioned as a church and a school and also hosted other gatherings. At least for three dates in February 1867, Copp's Schoolhouse hosted the weekly meeting of the Johnsonian Lyceum, an organization comprised of local men who would pose and discuss esoteric topics. Copp's Schoolhouse eventually closed as the school age population shifted and other neighboring schools were built. The schoolhouse was razed ca. 1877 to erect the Valley Pike Church of the Brethren.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Given that the creator of the Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger is unknown, the following biographical/historical note is written in general terms.","Copp's Schoolhouse, originally located east of Route 11 on Route 600 in Maurertown, Virginia, was one of the oldest schools in Shenandoah County. The land for the school site was provided by Nicholas Doll ca. 1807 and was originally known as Doll School. The school functioned as a church and a school and also hosted other gatherings. At least for three dates in February 1867, Copp's Schoolhouse hosted the weekly meeting of the Johnsonian Lyceum, an organization comprised of local men who would pose and discuss esoteric topics. Copp's Schoolhouse eventually closed as the school age population shifted and other neighboring schools were built. The schoolhouse was razed ca. 1877 to erect the Valley Pike Church of the Brethren."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, SC 0238, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, SC 0238, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLoose pages were removed and foldered separately. These items include a multi-page inventory of personal property sold, presumably from the estate of George M. Conner, and a note with calculations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Loose pages were removed and foldered separately. These items include a multi-page inventory of personal property sold, presumably from the estate of George M. Conner, and a note with calculations."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe notebook begins with 12 pages of undated notes in an unknown hand titled \"Interpretation of Dr. B. M. Smith's Lectures.\" Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith (1811-1893) was a native Virginian and attended Hampden-Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia and Union Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. In 1854, he was elected chair of Oriental Literature at Union Seminary. The topics discussed in the notes include design of ministry, bible criticism, integrity of the Hebrew text, and Hebrew manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe following four pages include the constitution and by-laws of the Johnsonian Lyceum which met, at least for three meetings in February 1867, at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia. The lyceum's prime directive was the \"cultivation of the mind and the improvement of its members in the art of [practical] speaking by the discussion of questions of practical importance.\" Also included is a list of members totaling 18 people. Members include N. Milton Rhodes (who is identified later in the notebook as the lyceum's president), Andrew M. Wright, Joseph B. McInturf, Joseph Doll, Silas Crabill, David Saum, and James Rosenberger. Three pages of meeting minute notes of the Johnsonian Lyceum follow. The general agenda for the meetings was to take roll, pose questions for future discussion, and discuss and vote on a question posed at a prior meeting. Questions proposed for discussion included \"Does virtue always ensure happiness?,\" \"Is the hope of reward a greater incentive to action than the fear of punishment?,\" Which deserves greater praise: Columbus for discovering or Washington for defending America?,\" and \"Is the mind of woman inferior to that of man?\" The latter question was debated at the February 20, 1867 meeting and, after some discussion, the lyceum voted in the negative.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThirty-two pages of additional lecture notes follow the Johnsonian Lyceum's meeting minutes. Topics are similar to the earlier lecture notes and include mentions of Jewish manuscripts, papyrus, and early inks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe notebook then transitions into an account book and includes eight pages of account information between Cline, Seiberling \u0026amp; Co. and N. Milton Rhodes. According to the accounts, dated 1872-1875, Rhodes was primarily purchasing farm implements and paying for miscellaneous repairs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe remainder of the ledger dates from 1882 to 1908 and is comprised of inventories of personal property appraised and sold, and other miscellaneous financial statements. Individuals whose estates are sold off include John Fetzer, Isaac Wisman, William P. Stultz, and George M. Conner. Purchasers names are also listed; all are likely Shenandoah County residents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVarious handwritings are present throughout the notebook and ledger. The creator(s) is unknown, though it is likely that N. Milton Rhodes was responsible for some of the notebook's content.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.","The notebook begins with 12 pages of undated notes in an unknown hand titled \"Interpretation of Dr. B. M. Smith's Lectures.\" Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith (1811-1893) was a native Virginian and attended Hampden-Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia and Union Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. In 1854, he was elected chair of Oriental Literature at Union Seminary. The topics discussed in the notes include design of ministry, bible criticism, integrity of the Hebrew text, and Hebrew manuscripts.","The following four pages include the constitution and by-laws of the Johnsonian Lyceum which met, at least for three meetings in February 1867, at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia. The lyceum's prime directive was the \"cultivation of the mind and the improvement of its members in the art of [practical] speaking by the discussion of questions of practical importance.\" Also included is a list of members totaling 18 people. Members include N. Milton Rhodes (who is identified later in the notebook as the lyceum's president), Andrew M. Wright, Joseph B. McInturf, Joseph Doll, Silas Crabill, David Saum, and James Rosenberger. Three pages of meeting minute notes of the Johnsonian Lyceum follow. The general agenda for the meetings was to take roll, pose questions for future discussion, and discuss and vote on a question posed at a prior meeting. Questions proposed for discussion included \"Does virtue always ensure happiness?,\" \"Is the hope of reward a greater incentive to action than the fear of punishment?,\" Which deserves greater praise: Columbus for discovering or Washington for defending America?,\" and \"Is the mind of woman inferior to that of man?\" The latter question was debated at the February 20, 1867 meeting and, after some discussion, the lyceum voted in the negative.","Thirty-two pages of additional lecture notes follow the Johnsonian Lyceum's meeting minutes. Topics are similar to the earlier lecture notes and include mentions of Jewish manuscripts, papyrus, and early inks.","The notebook then transitions into an account book and includes eight pages of account information between Cline, Seiberling \u0026 Co. and N. Milton Rhodes. According to the accounts, dated 1872-1875, Rhodes was primarily purchasing farm implements and paying for miscellaneous repairs.","The remainder of the ledger dates from 1882 to 1908 and is comprised of inventories of personal property appraised and sold, and other miscellaneous financial statements. Individuals whose estates are sold off include John Fetzer, Isaac Wisman, William P. Stultz, and George M. Conner. Purchasers names are also listed; all are likely Shenandoah County residents.","Various handwritings are present throughout the notebook and ledger. The creator(s) is unknown, though it is likely that N. Milton Rhodes was responsible for some of the notebook's content."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8516ffb72e9d8849a6c0e5fecca01233\"\u003eThe Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents."],"names_coll_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_397","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_397.xml","title_ssm":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867-1908"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867-1908"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0238","/repositories/4/resources/397"],"text":["SC 0238","/repositories/4/resources/397","Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","School buildings -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Education -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Lyceums -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)","Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The notebook and loose pages are foldered separately.","Gochenour, Zula.  Works Progress Administration of Virginia Historical Inventory: Copp's School House Site and Valley Pike Cemetery Site , 1936.","Shenandoah County Historical Society.  Reflections: Early Schools of Shenandoah County, Virginia . Woodstock, Va.: Shenandoah County Historical Society, 1995.","Sweetster, William B. Jr.  A Copious Fountain: A History of the Union Presbyterian Seminary, 1812-2012 . Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2016.","Given that the creator of the Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger is unknown, the following biographical/historical note is written in general terms.","Copp's Schoolhouse, originally located east of Route 11 on Route 600 in Maurertown, Virginia, was one of the oldest schools in Shenandoah County. The land for the school site was provided by Nicholas Doll ca. 1807 and was originally known as Doll School. The school functioned as a church and a school and also hosted other gatherings. At least for three dates in February 1867, Copp's Schoolhouse hosted the weekly meeting of the Johnsonian Lyceum, an organization comprised of local men who would pose and discuss esoteric topics. Copp's Schoolhouse eventually closed as the school age population shifted and other neighboring schools were built. The schoolhouse was razed ca. 1877 to erect the Valley Pike Church of the Brethren.","Loose pages were removed and foldered separately. These items include a multi-page inventory of personal property sold, presumably from the estate of George M. Conner, and a note with calculations.","The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.","The notebook begins with 12 pages of undated notes in an unknown hand titled \"Interpretation of Dr. B. M. Smith's Lectures.\" Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith (1811-1893) was a native Virginian and attended Hampden-Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia and Union Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. In 1854, he was elected chair of Oriental Literature at Union Seminary. The topics discussed in the notes include design of ministry, bible criticism, integrity of the Hebrew text, and Hebrew manuscripts.","The following four pages include the constitution and by-laws of the Johnsonian Lyceum which met, at least for three meetings in February 1867, at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia. The lyceum's prime directive was the \"cultivation of the mind and the improvement of its members in the art of [practical] speaking by the discussion of questions of practical importance.\" Also included is a list of members totaling 18 people. Members include N. Milton Rhodes (who is identified later in the notebook as the lyceum's president), Andrew M. Wright, Joseph B. McInturf, Joseph Doll, Silas Crabill, David Saum, and James Rosenberger. Three pages of meeting minute notes of the Johnsonian Lyceum follow. The general agenda for the meetings was to take roll, pose questions for future discussion, and discuss and vote on a question posed at a prior meeting. Questions proposed for discussion included \"Does virtue always ensure happiness?,\" \"Is the hope of reward a greater incentive to action than the fear of punishment?,\" Which deserves greater praise: Columbus for discovering or Washington for defending America?,\" and \"Is the mind of woman inferior to that of man?\" The latter question was debated at the February 20, 1867 meeting and, after some discussion, the lyceum voted in the negative.","Thirty-two pages of additional lecture notes follow the Johnsonian Lyceum's meeting minutes. Topics are similar to the earlier lecture notes and include mentions of Jewish manuscripts, papyrus, and early inks.","The notebook then transitions into an account book and includes eight pages of account information between Cline, Seiberling \u0026 Co. and N. Milton Rhodes. According to the accounts, dated 1872-1875, Rhodes was primarily purchasing farm implements and paying for miscellaneous repairs.","The remainder of the ledger dates from 1882 to 1908 and is comprised of inventories of personal property appraised and sold, and other miscellaneous financial statements. Individuals whose estates are sold off include John Fetzer, Isaac Wisman, William P. Stultz, and George M. Conner. Purchasers names are also listed; all are likely Shenandoah County residents.","Various handwritings are present throughout the notebook and ledger. The creator(s) is unknown, though it is likely that N. Milton Rhodes was responsible for some of the notebook's content.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0238","/repositories/4/resources/397"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["eBay (Firm)"],"creator_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"creators_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased on Ebay in February 2017 from a seller in Clemmons, North Carolina."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School buildings -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Education -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Lyceums -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School buildings -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Education -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Lyceums -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History","Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 2 legal folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 2 legal folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Estate inventories","Notes (documents)","Notebooks","Constitutions","Bylaws (administrative records)","Minutes (administrative records)"],"date_range_isim":[1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe notebook and loose pages are foldered separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The notebook and loose pages are foldered separately."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eGochenour, Zula. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWorks Progress Administration of Virginia Historical Inventory: Copp's School House Site and Valley Pike Cemetery Site\u003c/emph\u003e, 1936.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eShenandoah County Historical Society. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eReflections: Early Schools of Shenandoah County, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. Woodstock, Va.: Shenandoah County Historical Society, 1995.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eSweetster, William B. Jr. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Copious Fountain: A History of the Union Presbyterian Seminary, 1812-2012\u003c/emph\u003e. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2016.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Gochenour, Zula.  Works Progress Administration of Virginia Historical Inventory: Copp's School House Site and Valley Pike Cemetery Site , 1936.","Shenandoah County Historical Society.  Reflections: Early Schools of Shenandoah County, Virginia . Woodstock, Va.: Shenandoah County Historical Society, 1995.","Sweetster, William B. Jr.  A Copious Fountain: A History of the Union Presbyterian Seminary, 1812-2012 . Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2016."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGiven that the creator of the Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger is unknown, the following biographical/historical note is written in general terms.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCopp's Schoolhouse, originally located east of Route 11 on Route 600 in Maurertown, Virginia, was one of the oldest schools in Shenandoah County. The land for the school site was provided by Nicholas Doll ca. 1807 and was originally known as Doll School. The school functioned as a church and a school and also hosted other gatherings. At least for three dates in February 1867, Copp's Schoolhouse hosted the weekly meeting of the Johnsonian Lyceum, an organization comprised of local men who would pose and discuss esoteric topics. Copp's Schoolhouse eventually closed as the school age population shifted and other neighboring schools were built. The schoolhouse was razed ca. 1877 to erect the Valley Pike Church of the Brethren.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Given that the creator of the Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger is unknown, the following biographical/historical note is written in general terms.","Copp's Schoolhouse, originally located east of Route 11 on Route 600 in Maurertown, Virginia, was one of the oldest schools in Shenandoah County. The land for the school site was provided by Nicholas Doll ca. 1807 and was originally known as Doll School. The school functioned as a church and a school and also hosted other gatherings. At least for three dates in February 1867, Copp's Schoolhouse hosted the weekly meeting of the Johnsonian Lyceum, an organization comprised of local men who would pose and discuss esoteric topics. Copp's Schoolhouse eventually closed as the school age population shifted and other neighboring schools were built. The schoolhouse was razed ca. 1877 to erect the Valley Pike Church of the Brethren."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, SC 0238, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, SC 0238, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLoose pages were removed and foldered separately. These items include a multi-page inventory of personal property sold, presumably from the estate of George M. Conner, and a note with calculations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Loose pages were removed and foldered separately. These items include a multi-page inventory of personal property sold, presumably from the estate of George M. Conner, and a note with calculations."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe notebook begins with 12 pages of undated notes in an unknown hand titled \"Interpretation of Dr. B. M. Smith's Lectures.\" Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith (1811-1893) was a native Virginian and attended Hampden-Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia and Union Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. In 1854, he was elected chair of Oriental Literature at Union Seminary. The topics discussed in the notes include design of ministry, bible criticism, integrity of the Hebrew text, and Hebrew manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe following four pages include the constitution and by-laws of the Johnsonian Lyceum which met, at least for three meetings in February 1867, at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia. The lyceum's prime directive was the \"cultivation of the mind and the improvement of its members in the art of [practical] speaking by the discussion of questions of practical importance.\" Also included is a list of members totaling 18 people. Members include N. Milton Rhodes (who is identified later in the notebook as the lyceum's president), Andrew M. Wright, Joseph B. McInturf, Joseph Doll, Silas Crabill, David Saum, and James Rosenberger. Three pages of meeting minute notes of the Johnsonian Lyceum follow. The general agenda for the meetings was to take roll, pose questions for future discussion, and discuss and vote on a question posed at a prior meeting. Questions proposed for discussion included \"Does virtue always ensure happiness?,\" \"Is the hope of reward a greater incentive to action than the fear of punishment?,\" Which deserves greater praise: Columbus for discovering or Washington for defending America?,\" and \"Is the mind of woman inferior to that of man?\" The latter question was debated at the February 20, 1867 meeting and, after some discussion, the lyceum voted in the negative.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThirty-two pages of additional lecture notes follow the Johnsonian Lyceum's meeting minutes. Topics are similar to the earlier lecture notes and include mentions of Jewish manuscripts, papyrus, and early inks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe notebook then transitions into an account book and includes eight pages of account information between Cline, Seiberling \u0026amp; Co. and N. Milton Rhodes. According to the accounts, dated 1872-1875, Rhodes was primarily purchasing farm implements and paying for miscellaneous repairs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe remainder of the ledger dates from 1882 to 1908 and is comprised of inventories of personal property appraised and sold, and other miscellaneous financial statements. Individuals whose estates are sold off include John Fetzer, Isaac Wisman, William P. Stultz, and George M. Conner. Purchasers names are also listed; all are likely Shenandoah County residents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVarious handwritings are present throughout the notebook and ledger. The creator(s) is unknown, though it is likely that N. Milton Rhodes was responsible for some of the notebook's content.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.","The notebook begins with 12 pages of undated notes in an unknown hand titled \"Interpretation of Dr. B. M. Smith's Lectures.\" Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith (1811-1893) was a native Virginian and attended Hampden-Sydney College in Hampden Sydney, Virginia and Union Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. In 1854, he was elected chair of Oriental Literature at Union Seminary. The topics discussed in the notes include design of ministry, bible criticism, integrity of the Hebrew text, and Hebrew manuscripts.","The following four pages include the constitution and by-laws of the Johnsonian Lyceum which met, at least for three meetings in February 1867, at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia. The lyceum's prime directive was the \"cultivation of the mind and the improvement of its members in the art of [practical] speaking by the discussion of questions of practical importance.\" Also included is a list of members totaling 18 people. Members include N. Milton Rhodes (who is identified later in the notebook as the lyceum's president), Andrew M. Wright, Joseph B. McInturf, Joseph Doll, Silas Crabill, David Saum, and James Rosenberger. Three pages of meeting minute notes of the Johnsonian Lyceum follow. The general agenda for the meetings was to take roll, pose questions for future discussion, and discuss and vote on a question posed at a prior meeting. Questions proposed for discussion included \"Does virtue always ensure happiness?,\" \"Is the hope of reward a greater incentive to action than the fear of punishment?,\" Which deserves greater praise: Columbus for discovering or Washington for defending America?,\" and \"Is the mind of woman inferior to that of man?\" The latter question was debated at the February 20, 1867 meeting and, after some discussion, the lyceum voted in the negative.","Thirty-two pages of additional lecture notes follow the Johnsonian Lyceum's meeting minutes. Topics are similar to the earlier lecture notes and include mentions of Jewish manuscripts, papyrus, and early inks.","The notebook then transitions into an account book and includes eight pages of account information between Cline, Seiberling \u0026 Co. and N. Milton Rhodes. According to the accounts, dated 1872-1875, Rhodes was primarily purchasing farm implements and paying for miscellaneous repairs.","The remainder of the ledger dates from 1882 to 1908 and is comprised of inventories of personal property appraised and sold, and other miscellaneous financial statements. Individuals whose estates are sold off include John Fetzer, Isaac Wisman, William P. Stultz, and George M. Conner. Purchasers names are also listed; all are likely Shenandoah County residents.","Various handwritings are present throughout the notebook and ledger. The creator(s) is unknown, though it is likely that N. Milton Rhodes was responsible for some of the notebook's content."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8516ffb72e9d8849a6c0e5fecca01233\"\u003eThe Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger, 1867-1908, is comprised of one bound volume of notes on Dr. Benjamin Mosby Smith's lectures; the constitution, by-laws, and meeting minutes of the Johnsonian Lyceum (meetings were held at Copp's Schoolhouse in Maurertown, Virginia which was located in the Johnson Magisterial District); and unrelated personal property lists of Shenandoah County residents."],"names_coll_ssim":["eBay (Firm)"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","eBay (Firm)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_397"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_230","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_230#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_230#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection, 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), consists of approximately 615 items including maps, blueprints, drawings, and corresponding paperwork created by the City of Harrisonburg. These items represent proposed road improvements, sewer and water lines, bridge plans, land exchanges, and sub-divisions added to the city. Some drawings for church buildings, schools, parks and industrial zones are included as well.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_230#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_230","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_230","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_230","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_230","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_230.xml","title_ssm":["Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection"],"title_tesim":["Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1903-1982","1903-1956"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1903-1956"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1903-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0050","/repositories/4/resources/230"],"text":["SC 0050","/repositories/4/resources/230","Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Maps (documents)","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Deeds","Plats (maps)","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Charters","profiles (orthographic projections)","Drawings (visual works)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in two series, chronologically, then alphabetically, within each series. All items in the collection are described at an item level. When no date could be determined for the document, it was labeled as \"Undated\" and placed at the end of the chronology. All undated items are arranged alphabetically.","Paperwork, 1873-1967 (bulk 1910-1955) Maps, 1903-1982 (bulk 1903-1956)","City of Harrisonburg. \"City of Harrisonburg History.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/history. Last Updated January 16, 2018. Accessed February 21, 2018.","City of Harrisonburg. \"Community Development.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/community-development. Last Updated April 8, 2016. Accessed February 21, 2018. ","City of Harrisonburg. \"Building Inspections.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/building-inspections. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. ","City of Harrisonburg. \"Engineering.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/engineering. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. ","City of Harrisonburg. \"Planning \u0026 Zoning.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/planning-zoning. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. ","The City of Harrisonburg was founded in 1779 as the result of a small land deed from Thomas Harrison, establishing Court Square. In 1849, Isaac Hardesty was elected Harrisonburg's first mayor. The City was incorporated as an independent city in 1916. Since its founding in 1779, the City of Harrisonburg has grown from two and a half acres of land to 11,132.16 acres (11.64 square miles). The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection was created and compiled by the Harrisonburg Department of Planning and Community Development. The department oversees development and planning within the City of Harrisonburg. Among other things, the department maintains a Comprehensive Plan and zoning ordinance. The department is divided into three divisions:","Building Inspections Engineering Planning and Zoning \nThe Building Inspections division oversees code interpretation, permits, and provides assistance to ensure new building projects are planned in compliance with City and building codes.","The Engineering division provides engineering and surveying, public works inspections, and geographic information systems (GIS). ","The Planning and Zoning division promotes development according to the City's Comprehensive Plan and government laws by making recommendations to elected and appointed city officials about proposed development based on facts and public forums. This division also supports the department by checking for zoning violations and planning for city zoning or rezoning.","This collection of maps and corresponding paperwork was funded by the City of Harrisonburg. The items in this collection are duplicates of items found in the Department of Community and Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia. After pulling the duplicate items, the department gave the maps to the Massanutten Regional Library who in turn donated them to Special Collections.","The items in this collection are duplicates of items found at the Department of Community and Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection consists of the original Map 9000 collection that was processed in 2012 and was integrated with a donation of maps from 2015. Map 9000 consisted of 22 map folders and one Rolled Storage box. In order to incorporate the 2015 donation into Map 9000, the two separate collections were combined and then condensed down to 18 map folders. The collection number was changed from Map 9000 to SC 0050 to reflect the integration of the collections. The maps, blueprints and paperwork did not arrive at Special Collections in any specific order. For the purpose of organization, the maps have been placed in chronological order based on the year that is listed on the maps. Paperwork is also organized chronologically where dates are found. Some maps and paperwork do not have dates listed and have been categorized as \"Undated.\" These items are placed in alphabetical order by title. Some minimal preservation has been conducted on some of the maps to ensure the content of the maps is maintained. Many of the maps were received rolled up and for the purpose of storage have been flattened with humidification and weight.","Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers, circa 1930-2013, SC 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection, 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), consists of approximately 615 items. The collection mostly consists of blueprints created by the city regarding street expansions, sewer lines and treatment plans, plans for bridge construction, street grades, sub-division additions to the city, and property exchanges. Half of the property exchanges are between private citizens and the City of Harrisonburg while the other half of the property exchanges are between private citizens only. These items are duplicates of maps found at the Department of Planning and Community Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Series 1: Paperwork, 1873-1967 (bulk 1910-1955), consists of a single Hollinger box containing documents. Materials in this series include: sewer connection proposals, deed book references, contract templates, descriptions for land, and meeting minutes. Series 1 is arranged chronologically.","Series 2: Maps, 1903-1982 (bulk 1903-1956) consists of large-sized maps contained within six folders in the Special Collections map drawers, small-sized maps contained within ten folders in two oversized flat boxes, laminated maps contained within two folders in one oversized flat box, and oversized maps that were too large to be to be adequately stored within the map case. Series 2 is arranged chronologically.","The \"Engineers' Manual, 1917\" was removed from the map collection, cataloged, and placed within the Special Collections rare book collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection, 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), consists of approximately 615 items including maps, blueprints, drawings, and corresponding paperwork created by the City of Harrisonburg. These items represent proposed road improvements, sewer and water lines, bridge plans, land exchanges, and sub-divisions added to the city. Some drawings for church buildings, schools, parks and industrial zones are included as well.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library","Bradley Foundry (Va.)","Chesapeake Western Railway","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Rockingham Cooperative","Massanutten Hatchery","Woodbine Cemetery","Madison College","Rockingham Memorial Hospital (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Walker, Kathy","Weaver, Margaret Grattan, 1905-2001","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0050","/repositories/4/resources/230"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library","Walker, Kathy"],"creator_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library","Walker, Kathy"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Walker, Kathy"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library"],"creators_ssim":["Walker, Kathy","Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection is made up of two separate donations. Previously cataloged as MAP 9000, the original collection was donated to JMU Special Collections in January 2012 with an additional acquisition in August 2015. The 2012 portion of the collection was donated by Susan Versen of Massanutten Regional Library, who received the materials from Sam Hottinger at the Department of Planning and Community Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia. The 2015 portion of the collection was donated by Kathy Walker, a GIS Technician of Community Development in Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Maps (documents)","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Deeds","Plats (maps)","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Charters","profiles (orthographic projections)","Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Maps (documents)","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Deeds","Plats (maps)","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Charters","profiles (orthographic projections)","Drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.19 cubic feet 6 boxes, 6 map folders"],"extent_tesim":["5.19 cubic feet 6 boxes, 6 map folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Maps (documents)","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Deeds","Plats (maps)","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Charters","profiles (orthographic projections)","Drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in two series, chronologically, then alphabetically, within each series. All items in the collection are described at an item level. When no date could be determined for the document, it was labeled as \"Undated\" and placed at the end of the chronology. All undated items are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePaperwork, 1873-1967 (bulk 1910-1955)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMaps, 1903-1982 (bulk 1903-1956)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in two series, chronologically, then alphabetically, within each series. All items in the collection are described at an item level. When no date could be determined for the document, it was labeled as \"Undated\" and placed at the end of the chronology. All undated items are arranged alphabetically.","Paperwork, 1873-1967 (bulk 1910-1955) Maps, 1903-1982 (bulk 1903-1956)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eCity of Harrisonburg. \"City of Harrisonburg History.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/history. Last Updated January 16, 2018. Accessed February 21, 2018.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCity of Harrisonburg. \"Community Development.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/community-development. Last Updated April 8, 2016. Accessed February 21, 2018. \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCity of Harrisonburg. \"Building Inspections.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/building-inspections. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCity of Harrisonburg. \"Engineering.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/engineering. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCity of Harrisonburg. \"Planning \u0026amp; Zoning.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/planning-zoning. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. \u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["City of Harrisonburg. \"City of Harrisonburg History.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/history. Last Updated January 16, 2018. Accessed February 21, 2018.","City of Harrisonburg. \"Community Development.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/community-development. Last Updated April 8, 2016. Accessed February 21, 2018. ","City of Harrisonburg. \"Building Inspections.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/building-inspections. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. ","City of Harrisonburg. \"Engineering.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/engineering. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. ","City of Harrisonburg. \"Planning \u0026 Zoning.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/planning-zoning. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe City of Harrisonburg was founded in 1779 as the result of a small land deed from Thomas Harrison, establishing Court Square. In 1849, Isaac Hardesty was elected Harrisonburg's first mayor. The City was incorporated as an independent city in 1916. Since its founding in 1779, the City of Harrisonburg has grown from two and a half acres of land to 11,132.16 acres (11.64 square miles). The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection was created and compiled by the Harrisonburg Department of Planning and Community Development. The department oversees development and planning within the City of Harrisonburg. Among other things, the department maintains a Comprehensive Plan and zoning ordinance. The department is divided into three divisions:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuilding Inspections\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEngineering\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlanning and Zoning\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nThe Building Inspections division oversees code interpretation, permits, and provides assistance to ensure new building projects are planned in compliance with City and building codes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Engineering division provides engineering and surveying, public works inspections, and geographic information systems (GIS). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Planning and Zoning division promotes development according to the City's Comprehensive Plan and government laws by making recommendations to elected and appointed city officials about proposed development based on facts and public forums. This division also supports the department by checking for zoning violations and planning for city zoning or rezoning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The City of Harrisonburg was founded in 1779 as the result of a small land deed from Thomas Harrison, establishing Court Square. In 1849, Isaac Hardesty was elected Harrisonburg's first mayor. The City was incorporated as an independent city in 1916. Since its founding in 1779, the City of Harrisonburg has grown from two and a half acres of land to 11,132.16 acres (11.64 square miles). The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection was created and compiled by the Harrisonburg Department of Planning and Community Development. The department oversees development and planning within the City of Harrisonburg. Among other things, the department maintains a Comprehensive Plan and zoning ordinance. The department is divided into three divisions:","Building Inspections Engineering Planning and Zoning \nThe Building Inspections division oversees code interpretation, permits, and provides assistance to ensure new building projects are planned in compliance with City and building codes.","The Engineering division provides engineering and surveying, public works inspections, and geographic information systems (GIS). ","The Planning and Zoning division promotes development according to the City's Comprehensive Plan and government laws by making recommendations to elected and appointed city officials about proposed development based on facts and public forums. This division also supports the department by checking for zoning violations and planning for city zoning or rezoning."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection of maps and corresponding paperwork was funded by the City of Harrisonburg. The items in this collection are duplicates of items found in the Department of Community and Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia. After pulling the duplicate items, the department gave the maps to the Massanutten Regional Library who in turn donated them to Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["This collection of maps and corresponding paperwork was funded by the City of Harrisonburg. The items in this collection are duplicates of items found in the Department of Community and Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia. After pulling the duplicate items, the department gave the maps to the Massanutten Regional Library who in turn donated them to Special Collections."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe items in this collection are duplicates of items found at the Department of Community and Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["The items in this collection are duplicates of items found at the Department of Community and Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), SC 0050, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), SC 0050, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection consists of the original Map 9000 collection that was processed in 2012 and was integrated with a donation of maps from 2015. Map 9000 consisted of 22 map folders and one Rolled Storage box. In order to incorporate the 2015 donation into Map 9000, the two separate collections were combined and then condensed down to 18 map folders. The collection number was changed from Map 9000 to SC 0050 to reflect the integration of the collections. The maps, blueprints and paperwork did not arrive at Special Collections in any specific order. For the purpose of organization, the maps have been placed in chronological order based on the year that is listed on the maps. Paperwork is also organized chronologically where dates are found. Some maps and paperwork do not have dates listed and have been categorized as \"Undated.\" These items are placed in alphabetical order by title. Some minimal preservation has been conducted on some of the maps to ensure the content of the maps is maintained. Many of the maps were received rolled up and for the purpose of storage have been flattened with humidification and weight.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection consists of the original Map 9000 collection that was processed in 2012 and was integrated with a donation of maps from 2015. Map 9000 consisted of 22 map folders and one Rolled Storage box. In order to incorporate the 2015 donation into Map 9000, the two separate collections were combined and then condensed down to 18 map folders. The collection number was changed from Map 9000 to SC 0050 to reflect the integration of the collections. The maps, blueprints and paperwork did not arrive at Special Collections in any specific order. For the purpose of organization, the maps have been placed in chronological order based on the year that is listed on the maps. Paperwork is also organized chronologically where dates are found. Some maps and paperwork do not have dates listed and have been categorized as \"Undated.\" These items are placed in alphabetical order by title. Some minimal preservation has been conducted on some of the maps to ensure the content of the maps is maintained. Many of the maps were received rolled up and for the purpose of storage have been flattened with humidification and weight."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert James Sullivan Jr. Papers, circa 1930-2013, SC 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers, circa 1930-2013, SC 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection, 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), consists of approximately 615 items. The collection mostly consists of blueprints created by the city regarding street expansions, sewer lines and treatment plans, plans for bridge construction, street grades, sub-division additions to the city, and property exchanges. Half of the property exchanges are between private citizens and the City of Harrisonburg while the other half of the property exchanges are between private citizens only. These items are duplicates of maps found at the Department of Planning and Community Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Paperwork, 1873-1967 (bulk 1910-1955), consists of a single Hollinger box containing documents. Materials in this series include: sewer connection proposals, deed book references, contract templates, descriptions for land, and meeting minutes. Series 1 is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Maps, 1903-1982 (bulk 1903-1956) consists of large-sized maps contained within six folders in the Special Collections map drawers, small-sized maps contained within ten folders in two oversized flat boxes, laminated maps contained within two folders in one oversized flat box, and oversized maps that were too large to be to be adequately stored within the map case. Series 2 is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Contents","Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection, 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), consists of approximately 615 items. The collection mostly consists of blueprints created by the city regarding street expansions, sewer lines and treatment plans, plans for bridge construction, street grades, sub-division additions to the city, and property exchanges. Half of the property exchanges are between private citizens and the City of Harrisonburg while the other half of the property exchanges are between private citizens only. These items are duplicates of maps found at the Department of Planning and Community Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Series 1: Paperwork, 1873-1967 (bulk 1910-1955), consists of a single Hollinger box containing documents. Materials in this series include: sewer connection proposals, deed book references, contract templates, descriptions for land, and meeting minutes. Series 1 is arranged chronologically.","Series 2: Maps, 1903-1982 (bulk 1903-1956) consists of large-sized maps contained within six folders in the Special Collections map drawers, small-sized maps contained within ten folders in two oversized flat boxes, laminated maps contained within two folders in one oversized flat box, and oversized maps that were too large to be to be adequately stored within the map case. Series 2 is arranged chronologically."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \"Engineers' Manual, 1917\" was removed from the map collection, cataloged, and placed within the Special Collections rare book collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The \"Engineers' Manual, 1917\" was removed from the map collection, cataloged, and placed within the Special Collections rare book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_42a88206e6462d7fbf6ffa2abe6558cf\"\u003eThe Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection, 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), consists of approximately 615 items including maps, blueprints, drawings, and corresponding paperwork created by the City of Harrisonburg. These items represent proposed road improvements, sewer and water lines, bridge plans, land exchanges, and sub-divisions added to the city. Some drawings for church buildings, schools, parks and industrial zones are included as well.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection, 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), consists of approximately 615 items including maps, blueprints, drawings, and corresponding paperwork created by the City of Harrisonburg. These items represent proposed road improvements, sewer and water lines, bridge plans, land exchanges, and sub-divisions added to the city. Some drawings for church buildings, schools, parks and industrial zones are included as well."],"names_coll_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library","Walker, Kathy"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library","Bradley Foundry (Va.)","Chesapeake Western Railway","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Rockingham Cooperative","Massanutten Hatchery","Woodbine Cemetery","Madison College","Rockingham Memorial Hospital (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Walker, Kathy","Weaver, Margaret Grattan, 1905-2001"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library","Bradley Foundry (Va.)","Chesapeake Western Railway","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Rockingham Cooperative","Massanutten Hatchery","Woodbine Cemetery","Madison College","Rockingham Memorial Hospital (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Walker, Kathy","Weaver, Margaret Grattan, 1905-2001"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":553,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:18:27.342Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_230","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_230","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_230","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_230","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_230.xml","title_ssm":["Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection"],"title_tesim":["Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1903-1982","1903-1956"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1903-1956"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1903-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0050","/repositories/4/resources/230"],"text":["SC 0050","/repositories/4/resources/230","Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Maps (documents)","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Deeds","Plats (maps)","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Charters","profiles (orthographic projections)","Drawings (visual works)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in two series, chronologically, then alphabetically, within each series. All items in the collection are described at an item level. When no date could be determined for the document, it was labeled as \"Undated\" and placed at the end of the chronology. All undated items are arranged alphabetically.","Paperwork, 1873-1967 (bulk 1910-1955) Maps, 1903-1982 (bulk 1903-1956)","City of Harrisonburg. \"City of Harrisonburg History.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/history. Last Updated January 16, 2018. Accessed February 21, 2018.","City of Harrisonburg. \"Community Development.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/community-development. Last Updated April 8, 2016. Accessed February 21, 2018. ","City of Harrisonburg. \"Building Inspections.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/building-inspections. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. ","City of Harrisonburg. \"Engineering.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/engineering. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. ","City of Harrisonburg. \"Planning \u0026 Zoning.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/planning-zoning. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. ","The City of Harrisonburg was founded in 1779 as the result of a small land deed from Thomas Harrison, establishing Court Square. In 1849, Isaac Hardesty was elected Harrisonburg's first mayor. The City was incorporated as an independent city in 1916. Since its founding in 1779, the City of Harrisonburg has grown from two and a half acres of land to 11,132.16 acres (11.64 square miles). The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection was created and compiled by the Harrisonburg Department of Planning and Community Development. The department oversees development and planning within the City of Harrisonburg. Among other things, the department maintains a Comprehensive Plan and zoning ordinance. The department is divided into three divisions:","Building Inspections Engineering Planning and Zoning \nThe Building Inspections division oversees code interpretation, permits, and provides assistance to ensure new building projects are planned in compliance with City and building codes.","The Engineering division provides engineering and surveying, public works inspections, and geographic information systems (GIS). ","The Planning and Zoning division promotes development according to the City's Comprehensive Plan and government laws by making recommendations to elected and appointed city officials about proposed development based on facts and public forums. This division also supports the department by checking for zoning violations and planning for city zoning or rezoning.","This collection of maps and corresponding paperwork was funded by the City of Harrisonburg. The items in this collection are duplicates of items found in the Department of Community and Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia. After pulling the duplicate items, the department gave the maps to the Massanutten Regional Library who in turn donated them to Special Collections.","The items in this collection are duplicates of items found at the Department of Community and Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection consists of the original Map 9000 collection that was processed in 2012 and was integrated with a donation of maps from 2015. Map 9000 consisted of 22 map folders and one Rolled Storage box. In order to incorporate the 2015 donation into Map 9000, the two separate collections were combined and then condensed down to 18 map folders. The collection number was changed from Map 9000 to SC 0050 to reflect the integration of the collections. The maps, blueprints and paperwork did not arrive at Special Collections in any specific order. For the purpose of organization, the maps have been placed in chronological order based on the year that is listed on the maps. Paperwork is also organized chronologically where dates are found. Some maps and paperwork do not have dates listed and have been categorized as \"Undated.\" These items are placed in alphabetical order by title. Some minimal preservation has been conducted on some of the maps to ensure the content of the maps is maintained. Many of the maps were received rolled up and for the purpose of storage have been flattened with humidification and weight.","Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers, circa 1930-2013, SC 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection, 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), consists of approximately 615 items. The collection mostly consists of blueprints created by the city regarding street expansions, sewer lines and treatment plans, plans for bridge construction, street grades, sub-division additions to the city, and property exchanges. Half of the property exchanges are between private citizens and the City of Harrisonburg while the other half of the property exchanges are between private citizens only. These items are duplicates of maps found at the Department of Planning and Community Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Series 1: Paperwork, 1873-1967 (bulk 1910-1955), consists of a single Hollinger box containing documents. Materials in this series include: sewer connection proposals, deed book references, contract templates, descriptions for land, and meeting minutes. Series 1 is arranged chronologically.","Series 2: Maps, 1903-1982 (bulk 1903-1956) consists of large-sized maps contained within six folders in the Special Collections map drawers, small-sized maps contained within ten folders in two oversized flat boxes, laminated maps contained within two folders in one oversized flat box, and oversized maps that were too large to be to be adequately stored within the map case. Series 2 is arranged chronologically.","The \"Engineers' Manual, 1917\" was removed from the map collection, cataloged, and placed within the Special Collections rare book collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection, 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), consists of approximately 615 items including maps, blueprints, drawings, and corresponding paperwork created by the City of Harrisonburg. These items represent proposed road improvements, sewer and water lines, bridge plans, land exchanges, and sub-divisions added to the city. Some drawings for church buildings, schools, parks and industrial zones are included as well.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library","Bradley Foundry (Va.)","Chesapeake Western Railway","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Rockingham Cooperative","Massanutten Hatchery","Woodbine Cemetery","Madison College","Rockingham Memorial Hospital (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Walker, Kathy","Weaver, Margaret Grattan, 1905-2001","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0050","/repositories/4/resources/230"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library","Walker, Kathy"],"creator_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library","Walker, Kathy"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Walker, Kathy"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library"],"creators_ssim":["Walker, Kathy","Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection is made up of two separate donations. Previously cataloged as MAP 9000, the original collection was donated to JMU Special Collections in January 2012 with an additional acquisition in August 2015. The 2012 portion of the collection was donated by Susan Versen of Massanutten Regional Library, who received the materials from Sam Hottinger at the Department of Planning and Community Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia. The 2015 portion of the collection was donated by Kathy Walker, a GIS Technician of Community Development in Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Maps (documents)","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Deeds","Plats (maps)","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Charters","profiles (orthographic projections)","Drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["City planning -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Letters (correspondence)","Maps (documents)","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Deeds","Plats (maps)","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Charters","profiles (orthographic projections)","Drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.19 cubic feet 6 boxes, 6 map folders"],"extent_tesim":["5.19 cubic feet 6 boxes, 6 map folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Maps (documents)","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Deeds","Plats (maps)","Minutes (administrative records)","Administrative records","Charters","profiles (orthographic projections)","Drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in two series, chronologically, then alphabetically, within each series. All items in the collection are described at an item level. When no date could be determined for the document, it was labeled as \"Undated\" and placed at the end of the chronology. All undated items are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePaperwork, 1873-1967 (bulk 1910-1955)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMaps, 1903-1982 (bulk 1903-1956)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in two series, chronologically, then alphabetically, within each series. All items in the collection are described at an item level. When no date could be determined for the document, it was labeled as \"Undated\" and placed at the end of the chronology. All undated items are arranged alphabetically.","Paperwork, 1873-1967 (bulk 1910-1955) Maps, 1903-1982 (bulk 1903-1956)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eCity of Harrisonburg. \"City of Harrisonburg History.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/history. Last Updated January 16, 2018. Accessed February 21, 2018.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCity of Harrisonburg. \"Community Development.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/community-development. Last Updated April 8, 2016. Accessed February 21, 2018. \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCity of Harrisonburg. \"Building Inspections.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/building-inspections. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCity of Harrisonburg. \"Engineering.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/engineering. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCity of Harrisonburg. \"Planning \u0026amp; Zoning.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/planning-zoning. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. \u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["City of Harrisonburg. \"City of Harrisonburg History.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/history. Last Updated January 16, 2018. Accessed February 21, 2018.","City of Harrisonburg. \"Community Development.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/community-development. Last Updated April 8, 2016. Accessed February 21, 2018. ","City of Harrisonburg. \"Building Inspections.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/building-inspections. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. ","City of Harrisonburg. \"Engineering.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/engineering. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. ","City of Harrisonburg. \"Planning \u0026 Zoning.\" harrisonburgva.gov. https://www.harrisonburgva.gov/planning-zoning. Last Updated January 18, 2017. Accessed February 21, 2018. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe City of Harrisonburg was founded in 1779 as the result of a small land deed from Thomas Harrison, establishing Court Square. In 1849, Isaac Hardesty was elected Harrisonburg's first mayor. The City was incorporated as an independent city in 1916. Since its founding in 1779, the City of Harrisonburg has grown from two and a half acres of land to 11,132.16 acres (11.64 square miles). The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection was created and compiled by the Harrisonburg Department of Planning and Community Development. The department oversees development and planning within the City of Harrisonburg. Among other things, the department maintains a Comprehensive Plan and zoning ordinance. The department is divided into three divisions:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuilding Inspections\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEngineering\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlanning and Zoning\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nThe Building Inspections division oversees code interpretation, permits, and provides assistance to ensure new building projects are planned in compliance with City and building codes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Engineering division provides engineering and surveying, public works inspections, and geographic information systems (GIS). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Planning and Zoning division promotes development according to the City's Comprehensive Plan and government laws by making recommendations to elected and appointed city officials about proposed development based on facts and public forums. This division also supports the department by checking for zoning violations and planning for city zoning or rezoning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The City of Harrisonburg was founded in 1779 as the result of a small land deed from Thomas Harrison, establishing Court Square. In 1849, Isaac Hardesty was elected Harrisonburg's first mayor. The City was incorporated as an independent city in 1916. Since its founding in 1779, the City of Harrisonburg has grown from two and a half acres of land to 11,132.16 acres (11.64 square miles). The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection was created and compiled by the Harrisonburg Department of Planning and Community Development. The department oversees development and planning within the City of Harrisonburg. Among other things, the department maintains a Comprehensive Plan and zoning ordinance. The department is divided into three divisions:","Building Inspections Engineering Planning and Zoning \nThe Building Inspections division oversees code interpretation, permits, and provides assistance to ensure new building projects are planned in compliance with City and building codes.","The Engineering division provides engineering and surveying, public works inspections, and geographic information systems (GIS). ","The Planning and Zoning division promotes development according to the City's Comprehensive Plan and government laws by making recommendations to elected and appointed city officials about proposed development based on facts and public forums. This division also supports the department by checking for zoning violations and planning for city zoning or rezoning."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection of maps and corresponding paperwork was funded by the City of Harrisonburg. The items in this collection are duplicates of items found in the Department of Community and Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia. After pulling the duplicate items, the department gave the maps to the Massanutten Regional Library who in turn donated them to Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["This collection of maps and corresponding paperwork was funded by the City of Harrisonburg. The items in this collection are duplicates of items found in the Department of Community and Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia. After pulling the duplicate items, the department gave the maps to the Massanutten Regional Library who in turn donated them to Special Collections."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe items in this collection are duplicates of items found at the Department of Community and Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["The items in this collection are duplicates of items found at the Department of Community and Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), SC 0050, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), SC 0050, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection consists of the original Map 9000 collection that was processed in 2012 and was integrated with a donation of maps from 2015. Map 9000 consisted of 22 map folders and one Rolled Storage box. In order to incorporate the 2015 donation into Map 9000, the two separate collections were combined and then condensed down to 18 map folders. The collection number was changed from Map 9000 to SC 0050 to reflect the integration of the collections. The maps, blueprints and paperwork did not arrive at Special Collections in any specific order. For the purpose of organization, the maps have been placed in chronological order based on the year that is listed on the maps. Paperwork is also organized chronologically where dates are found. Some maps and paperwork do not have dates listed and have been categorized as \"Undated.\" These items are placed in alphabetical order by title. Some minimal preservation has been conducted on some of the maps to ensure the content of the maps is maintained. Many of the maps were received rolled up and for the purpose of storage have been flattened with humidification and weight.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection consists of the original Map 9000 collection that was processed in 2012 and was integrated with a donation of maps from 2015. Map 9000 consisted of 22 map folders and one Rolled Storage box. In order to incorporate the 2015 donation into Map 9000, the two separate collections were combined and then condensed down to 18 map folders. The collection number was changed from Map 9000 to SC 0050 to reflect the integration of the collections. The maps, blueprints and paperwork did not arrive at Special Collections in any specific order. For the purpose of organization, the maps have been placed in chronological order based on the year that is listed on the maps. Paperwork is also organized chronologically where dates are found. Some maps and paperwork do not have dates listed and have been categorized as \"Undated.\" These items are placed in alphabetical order by title. Some minimal preservation has been conducted on some of the maps to ensure the content of the maps is maintained. Many of the maps were received rolled up and for the purpose of storage have been flattened with humidification and weight."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert James Sullivan Jr. Papers, circa 1930-2013, SC 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Robert James Sullivan Jr. Papers, circa 1930-2013, SC 0003, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection, 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), consists of approximately 615 items. The collection mostly consists of blueprints created by the city regarding street expansions, sewer lines and treatment plans, plans for bridge construction, street grades, sub-division additions to the city, and property exchanges. Half of the property exchanges are between private citizens and the City of Harrisonburg while the other half of the property exchanges are between private citizens only. These items are duplicates of maps found at the Department of Planning and Community Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Paperwork, 1873-1967 (bulk 1910-1955), consists of a single Hollinger box containing documents. Materials in this series include: sewer connection proposals, deed book references, contract templates, descriptions for land, and meeting minutes. Series 1 is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Maps, 1903-1982 (bulk 1903-1956) consists of large-sized maps contained within six folders in the Special Collections map drawers, small-sized maps contained within ten folders in two oversized flat boxes, laminated maps contained within two folders in one oversized flat box, and oversized maps that were too large to be to be adequately stored within the map case. Series 2 is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Contents","Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection, 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), consists of approximately 615 items. The collection mostly consists of blueprints created by the city regarding street expansions, sewer lines and treatment plans, plans for bridge construction, street grades, sub-division additions to the city, and property exchanges. Half of the property exchanges are between private citizens and the City of Harrisonburg while the other half of the property exchanges are between private citizens only. These items are duplicates of maps found at the Department of Planning and Community Development for the City of Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Series 1: Paperwork, 1873-1967 (bulk 1910-1955), consists of a single Hollinger box containing documents. Materials in this series include: sewer connection proposals, deed book references, contract templates, descriptions for land, and meeting minutes. Series 1 is arranged chronologically.","Series 2: Maps, 1903-1982 (bulk 1903-1956) consists of large-sized maps contained within six folders in the Special Collections map drawers, small-sized maps contained within ten folders in two oversized flat boxes, laminated maps contained within two folders in one oversized flat box, and oversized maps that were too large to be to be adequately stored within the map case. Series 2 is arranged chronologically."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \"Engineers' Manual, 1917\" was removed from the map collection, cataloged, and placed within the Special Collections rare book collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The \"Engineers' Manual, 1917\" was removed from the map collection, cataloged, and placed within the Special Collections rare book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_42a88206e6462d7fbf6ffa2abe6558cf\"\u003eThe Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection, 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), consists of approximately 615 items including maps, blueprints, drawings, and corresponding paperwork created by the City of Harrisonburg. These items represent proposed road improvements, sewer and water lines, bridge plans, land exchanges, and sub-divisions added to the city. Some drawings for church buildings, schools, parks and industrial zones are included as well.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection, 1873-1982 (bulk 1903-1956), consists of approximately 615 items including maps, blueprints, drawings, and corresponding paperwork created by the City of Harrisonburg. These items represent proposed road improvements, sewer and water lines, bridge plans, land exchanges, and sub-divisions added to the city. Some drawings for church buildings, schools, parks and industrial zones are included as well."],"names_coll_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library","Walker, Kathy"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library","Bradley Foundry (Va.)","Chesapeake Western Railway","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Rockingham Cooperative","Massanutten Hatchery","Woodbine Cemetery","Madison College","Rockingham Memorial Hospital (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Walker, Kathy","Weaver, Margaret Grattan, 1905-2001"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg (Va.). Department of Planning and Community Development","Massanutten Regional Library","Bradley Foundry (Va.)","Chesapeake Western Railway","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Rockingham Cooperative","Massanutten Hatchery","Woodbine Cemetery","Madison College","Rockingham Memorial Hospital (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Walker, Kathy","Weaver, Margaret Grattan, 1905-2001"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":553,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:18:27.342Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_230"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_414","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_414#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_414#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Massanutton Chapter Records, 1895-2016, consist of ten boxes. It consists of the official papers of the chapter and has been arranged into four series: Minutes, Yearbooks, Subject files, and Scrapbooks and Ephemera.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_414#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_414","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_414","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_414","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_414","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_414.xml","title_ssm":["National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records"],"title_tesim":["National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1895-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1895-2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0076","/repositories/4/resources/414"],"text":["SC 0076","/repositories/4/resources/414","National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records","Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Emigration and immigration","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","United States -- Centennial celebrations, etc.","United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States -- Genealogy","Soldiers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Register","Soldiers -- Virginia -- Biography","Soldiers -- United States -- Registers","Taverns (Inns) -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taverns (Inns) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Historic buildings -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","American essays","Flag Day","Festivals -- United States","Holidays -- United States","Minutes (administrative records)","Yearbooks","Letters (correspondence)","Scrapbooks","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in four series. Series 1, Series 2, and Series 4 are arranged chronologically. Series 3 is arranged alphabetically by subject.","Minutes, 1895-2011 Yearbooks, 1912-2015 Subject Files, 1897-2016 Scrapbooks, 1922-1981","In the summer of 1895, a group of prominent Harrisonburg and Rockingham County women met to form a local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). The group was organized and chartered as the Massanutton Chapter in 1897, with Mrs. John Paul as Regent. The name \"Massanutton\" and its spelling have been a topic of interest on several occasions through the years.","It has been an active chapter, participating and often initiation public celebrations of such annual patriotic remembrances as Flag Day, George Washington's Birthday, and Constitution Week. The chapter contributed to several national war efforts over the decades, as well as to local endeavors such as equipping a room in the Hospital. It has placed several historical markers in the area, and sponsors programs and essay contests in local schools to stimulate an appreciation for American history. In the 1960s and 70s, members compiled several lists of otherwise unnoted county graveyards (A Record of Burial Places in Rockingham County, Va.; Church and Family Cemeteries, Eastern Section, Rockingham County, Va.); produced a unique list of inns titled Ordinaries of Rockingham County and Harrisonburg, Va. 1778-1855; and compiled Revolutionary Soldiers, Rockingham County, Va. These works were sent to the Virginia State Library. Also in recent years, the chapter has held a ceremony after naturalization proceedings to welcome new citizens.","Acid-free interleaving paper was used extensively in minute books to buffer text from newspaper clippings; archival tape was used to mount loose clippings on bond paper; and the most brittle single sheets were placed into Mylar sleeves. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2001 .","The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Massanutton Chapter Records, 1897-2016, consist of ten boxes, approximately 3.56 cubic feet. It consists of the official papers of the chapter and has been arranged into four series: Minutes, Yearbooks, Subject Files, and Scrapbooks and Ephemera.","Series 1: Minutes, 1895-2011 consists of minute books and loose minutes spanning 1895-2011. The minutes are notations of regular meetings of the Massanutton chapter of the NSDAR. The minutes initially are stored in specific bound notebooks through the 1967-1981 book. Beginning with the 1979-1983, the minutes are written or printed on loose forms of paper rather than being bound. This continues until the end of the series.","Series 2: Yearbooks, 1912-2015 contains yearbooks of the Massanutton NSDAR from 1912-2015 (with gaps). The yearbooks contains names, information, and occasionally portraits of members of the Massanutton chapter. Current chapter, state, and national administrator information is included preceding standard chapter members. The yearbooks also contain up-to-date bylaws and general information on the chapter. Also included are songs important to the organizations, creeds, and pledges that are important for members to know. Historical information on charter members as well as former chapter regents are also included.","Series 3, Subject files, 1897-2016, contains a wide variety of materials, documenting the activities of the chapter. ","The majority of the files represent events and efforts of the Massanutton chapter. Such files include the Cenennial Postage Stamp project in which the Massanutton chapter developed an official postage stamp with the United States Postal Service to commemorate its 100th anniversary. Another example of such public efforts is the restoration of the Lincoln Cemetery in 2010-2016. \nSome files included are administrative in nature, such as awards given by and received by the Massanutton chapter, chapter history, event programs, and regent reports and letters on chapter goals and achievements. ","Another portion of the series is composed of miscellaneous general files originating from the national administration of the NSDAR that were in the possession of the Massanutton chapter. These files include pamphlets and informational mailings spanning 1950-2015.","Series 4: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1897-1981 contains four scrapbooks of clippings and notes related to the Massanutton chapter. Also included in the series is a commemorative ceramic plate honoring the 75th anniversary of the founding of the NSDAR. The plate bears the logo of the organization and was created by J. E. Caldwell Co. in Philadelphia, PA. The official NSDAR Massanutton Chapter charter is also included in the series, dating back to the chapter's founding in 1897. Also in the series is an undated portrait of a NSDAR member Katherine Seymore Green (Mrs. K. Paul).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Massanutton Chapter Records, 1895-2016, consist of ten boxes. It consists of the official papers of the chapter and has been arranged into four series: Minutes, Yearbooks, Subject files, and Scrapbooks and Ephemera.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)","United States (Title of work: Constitution.)","Washington, George, 1732-1799","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0076","/repositories/4/resources/414"],"normalized_title_ssm":["National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records"],"collection_ssim":["National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Emigration and immigration","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","United States -- Centennial celebrations, etc.","United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Emigration and immigration","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","United States -- Centennial celebrations, etc.","United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Emigration and immigration","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","United States -- Centennial celebrations, etc.","United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States -- Genealogy"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was placed on deposit by contract signed by Mrs. Mildred Onsgard, Regent, on November 6, 1985; additions through 2016. The collection was officially donated to Special Collections in April 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Soldiers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Register","Soldiers -- Virginia -- Biography","Soldiers -- United States -- Registers","Taverns (Inns) -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taverns (Inns) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Historic buildings -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","American essays","Flag Day","Festivals -- United States","Holidays -- United States","Minutes (administrative records)","Yearbooks","Letters (correspondence)","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Soldiers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Register","Soldiers -- Virginia -- Biography","Soldiers -- United States -- Registers","Taverns (Inns) -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taverns (Inns) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Historic buildings -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","American essays","Flag Day","Festivals -- United States","Holidays -- United States","Minutes (administrative records)","Yearbooks","Letters (correspondence)","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.56 cubic feet 10 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.56 cubic feet 10 Boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Minutes (administrative records)","Yearbooks","Letters (correspondence)","Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in four series. Series 1, Series 2, and Series 4 are arranged chronologically. Series 3 is arranged alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMinutes, 1895-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eYearbooks, 1912-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubject Files, 1897-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks, 1922-1981\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in four series. Series 1, Series 2, and Series 4 are arranged chronologically. Series 3 is arranged alphabetically by subject.","Minutes, 1895-2011 Yearbooks, 1912-2015 Subject Files, 1897-2016 Scrapbooks, 1922-1981"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the summer of 1895, a group of prominent Harrisonburg and Rockingham County women met to form a local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). The group was organized and chartered as the Massanutton Chapter in 1897, with Mrs. John Paul as Regent. The name \"Massanutton\" and its spelling have been a topic of interest on several occasions through the years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt has been an active chapter, participating and often initiation public celebrations of such annual patriotic remembrances as Flag Day, George Washington's Birthday, and Constitution Week. The chapter contributed to several national war efforts over the decades, as well as to local endeavors such as equipping a room in the Hospital. It has placed several historical markers in the area, and sponsors programs and essay contests in local schools to stimulate an appreciation for American history. In the 1960s and 70s, members compiled several lists of otherwise unnoted county graveyards (A Record of Burial Places in Rockingham County, Va.; Church and Family Cemeteries, Eastern Section, Rockingham County, Va.); produced a unique list of inns titled Ordinaries of Rockingham County and Harrisonburg, Va. 1778-1855; and compiled Revolutionary Soldiers, Rockingham County, Va. These works were sent to the Virginia State Library. Also in recent years, the chapter has held a ceremony after naturalization proceedings to welcome new citizens.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the summer of 1895, a group of prominent Harrisonburg and Rockingham County women met to form a local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). The group was organized and chartered as the Massanutton Chapter in 1897, with Mrs. John Paul as Regent. The name \"Massanutton\" and its spelling have been a topic of interest on several occasions through the years.","It has been an active chapter, participating and often initiation public celebrations of such annual patriotic remembrances as Flag Day, George Washington's Birthday, and Constitution Week. The chapter contributed to several national war efforts over the decades, as well as to local endeavors such as equipping a room in the Hospital. It has placed several historical markers in the area, and sponsors programs and essay contests in local schools to stimulate an appreciation for American history. In the 1960s and 70s, members compiled several lists of otherwise unnoted county graveyards (A Record of Burial Places in Rockingham County, Va.; Church and Family Cemeteries, Eastern Section, Rockingham County, Va.); produced a unique list of inns titled Ordinaries of Rockingham County and Harrisonburg, Va. 1778-1855; and compiled Revolutionary Soldiers, Rockingham County, Va. These works were sent to the Virginia State Library. Also in recent years, the chapter has held a ceremony after naturalization proceedings to welcome new citizens."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records, 1895-2016, SC 0076, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records, 1895-2016, SC 0076, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcid-free interleaving paper was used extensively in minute books to buffer text from newspaper clippings; archival tape was used to mount loose clippings on bond paper; and the most brittle single sheets were placed into Mylar sleeves. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2001\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Acid-free interleaving paper was used extensively in minute books to buffer text from newspaper clippings; archival tape was used to mount loose clippings on bond paper; and the most brittle single sheets were placed into Mylar sleeves. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2001 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Massanutton Chapter Records, 1897-2016, consist of ten boxes, approximately 3.56 cubic feet. It consists of the official papers of the chapter and has been arranged into four series: Minutes, Yearbooks, Subject Files, and Scrapbooks and Ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Minutes, 1895-2011 consists of minute books and loose minutes spanning 1895-2011. The minutes are notations of regular meetings of the Massanutton chapter of the NSDAR. The minutes initially are stored in specific bound notebooks through the 1967-1981 book. Beginning with the 1979-1983, the minutes are written or printed on loose forms of paper rather than being bound. This continues until the end of the series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Yearbooks, 1912-2015 contains yearbooks of the Massanutton NSDAR from 1912-2015 (with gaps). The yearbooks contains names, information, and occasionally portraits of members of the Massanutton chapter. Current chapter, state, and national administrator information is included preceding standard chapter members. The yearbooks also contain up-to-date bylaws and general information on the chapter. Also included are songs important to the organizations, creeds, and pledges that are important for members to know. Historical information on charter members as well as former chapter regents are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3, Subject files, 1897-2016, contains a wide variety of materials, documenting the activities of the chapter. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the files represent events and efforts of the Massanutton chapter. Such files include the Cenennial Postage Stamp project in which the Massanutton chapter developed an official postage stamp with the United States Postal Service to commemorate its 100th anniversary. Another example of such public efforts is the restoration of the Lincoln Cemetery in 2010-2016. \nSome files included are administrative in nature, such as awards given by and received by the Massanutton chapter, chapter history, event programs, and regent reports and letters on chapter goals and achievements. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnother portion of the series is composed of miscellaneous general files originating from the national administration of the NSDAR that were in the possession of the Massanutton chapter. These files include pamphlets and informational mailings spanning 1950-2015.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1897-1981 contains four scrapbooks of clippings and notes related to the Massanutton chapter. Also included in the series is a commemorative ceramic plate honoring the 75th anniversary of the founding of the NSDAR. The plate bears the logo of the organization and was created by J. E. Caldwell Co. in Philadelphia, PA. The official NSDAR Massanutton Chapter charter is also included in the series, dating back to the chapter's founding in 1897. Also in the series is an undated portrait of a NSDAR member Katherine Seymore Green (Mrs. K. Paul).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Massanutton Chapter Records, 1897-2016, consist of ten boxes, approximately 3.56 cubic feet. It consists of the official papers of the chapter and has been arranged into four series: Minutes, Yearbooks, Subject Files, and Scrapbooks and Ephemera.","Series 1: Minutes, 1895-2011 consists of minute books and loose minutes spanning 1895-2011. The minutes are notations of regular meetings of the Massanutton chapter of the NSDAR. The minutes initially are stored in specific bound notebooks through the 1967-1981 book. Beginning with the 1979-1983, the minutes are written or printed on loose forms of paper rather than being bound. This continues until the end of the series.","Series 2: Yearbooks, 1912-2015 contains yearbooks of the Massanutton NSDAR from 1912-2015 (with gaps). The yearbooks contains names, information, and occasionally portraits of members of the Massanutton chapter. Current chapter, state, and national administrator information is included preceding standard chapter members. The yearbooks also contain up-to-date bylaws and general information on the chapter. Also included are songs important to the organizations, creeds, and pledges that are important for members to know. Historical information on charter members as well as former chapter regents are also included.","Series 3, Subject files, 1897-2016, contains a wide variety of materials, documenting the activities of the chapter. ","The majority of the files represent events and efforts of the Massanutton chapter. Such files include the Cenennial Postage Stamp project in which the Massanutton chapter developed an official postage stamp with the United States Postal Service to commemorate its 100th anniversary. Another example of such public efforts is the restoration of the Lincoln Cemetery in 2010-2016. \nSome files included are administrative in nature, such as awards given by and received by the Massanutton chapter, chapter history, event programs, and regent reports and letters on chapter goals and achievements. ","Another portion of the series is composed of miscellaneous general files originating from the national administration of the NSDAR that were in the possession of the Massanutton chapter. These files include pamphlets and informational mailings spanning 1950-2015.","Series 4: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1897-1981 contains four scrapbooks of clippings and notes related to the Massanutton chapter. Also included in the series is a commemorative ceramic plate honoring the 75th anniversary of the founding of the NSDAR. The plate bears the logo of the organization and was created by J. E. Caldwell Co. in Philadelphia, PA. The official NSDAR Massanutton Chapter charter is also included in the series, dating back to the chapter's founding in 1897. Also in the series is an undated portrait of a NSDAR member Katherine Seymore Green (Mrs. K. Paul)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_86ae076860205b41afc4eb37f848a434\"\u003eThe National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Massanutton Chapter Records, 1895-2016, consist of ten boxes. It consists of the official papers of the chapter and has been arranged into four series: Minutes, Yearbooks, Subject files, and Scrapbooks and Ephemera.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Massanutton Chapter Records, 1895-2016, consist of ten boxes. It consists of the official papers of the chapter and has been arranged into four series: Minutes, Yearbooks, Subject files, and Scrapbooks and Ephemera."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States (Title of work: Constitution.)","Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)","United States (Title of work: Constitution.)","Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)","United States (Title of work: Constitution.)"],"persname_ssim":["Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":80,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:19:11.086Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_414","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_414","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_414","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_414","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_414.xml","title_ssm":["National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records"],"title_tesim":["National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1895-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1895-2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0076","/repositories/4/resources/414"],"text":["SC 0076","/repositories/4/resources/414","National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records","Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Emigration and immigration","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","United States -- Centennial celebrations, etc.","United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States -- Genealogy","Soldiers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Register","Soldiers -- Virginia -- Biography","Soldiers -- United States -- Registers","Taverns (Inns) -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taverns (Inns) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Historic buildings -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","American essays","Flag Day","Festivals -- United States","Holidays -- United States","Minutes (administrative records)","Yearbooks","Letters (correspondence)","Scrapbooks","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in four series. Series 1, Series 2, and Series 4 are arranged chronologically. Series 3 is arranged alphabetically by subject.","Minutes, 1895-2011 Yearbooks, 1912-2015 Subject Files, 1897-2016 Scrapbooks, 1922-1981","In the summer of 1895, a group of prominent Harrisonburg and Rockingham County women met to form a local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). The group was organized and chartered as the Massanutton Chapter in 1897, with Mrs. John Paul as Regent. The name \"Massanutton\" and its spelling have been a topic of interest on several occasions through the years.","It has been an active chapter, participating and often initiation public celebrations of such annual patriotic remembrances as Flag Day, George Washington's Birthday, and Constitution Week. The chapter contributed to several national war efforts over the decades, as well as to local endeavors such as equipping a room in the Hospital. It has placed several historical markers in the area, and sponsors programs and essay contests in local schools to stimulate an appreciation for American history. In the 1960s and 70s, members compiled several lists of otherwise unnoted county graveyards (A Record of Burial Places in Rockingham County, Va.; Church and Family Cemeteries, Eastern Section, Rockingham County, Va.); produced a unique list of inns titled Ordinaries of Rockingham County and Harrisonburg, Va. 1778-1855; and compiled Revolutionary Soldiers, Rockingham County, Va. These works were sent to the Virginia State Library. Also in recent years, the chapter has held a ceremony after naturalization proceedings to welcome new citizens.","Acid-free interleaving paper was used extensively in minute books to buffer text from newspaper clippings; archival tape was used to mount loose clippings on bond paper; and the most brittle single sheets were placed into Mylar sleeves. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2001 .","The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Massanutton Chapter Records, 1897-2016, consist of ten boxes, approximately 3.56 cubic feet. It consists of the official papers of the chapter and has been arranged into four series: Minutes, Yearbooks, Subject Files, and Scrapbooks and Ephemera.","Series 1: Minutes, 1895-2011 consists of minute books and loose minutes spanning 1895-2011. The minutes are notations of regular meetings of the Massanutton chapter of the NSDAR. The minutes initially are stored in specific bound notebooks through the 1967-1981 book. Beginning with the 1979-1983, the minutes are written or printed on loose forms of paper rather than being bound. This continues until the end of the series.","Series 2: Yearbooks, 1912-2015 contains yearbooks of the Massanutton NSDAR from 1912-2015 (with gaps). The yearbooks contains names, information, and occasionally portraits of members of the Massanutton chapter. Current chapter, state, and national administrator information is included preceding standard chapter members. The yearbooks also contain up-to-date bylaws and general information on the chapter. Also included are songs important to the organizations, creeds, and pledges that are important for members to know. Historical information on charter members as well as former chapter regents are also included.","Series 3, Subject files, 1897-2016, contains a wide variety of materials, documenting the activities of the chapter. ","The majority of the files represent events and efforts of the Massanutton chapter. Such files include the Cenennial Postage Stamp project in which the Massanutton chapter developed an official postage stamp with the United States Postal Service to commemorate its 100th anniversary. Another example of such public efforts is the restoration of the Lincoln Cemetery in 2010-2016. \nSome files included are administrative in nature, such as awards given by and received by the Massanutton chapter, chapter history, event programs, and regent reports and letters on chapter goals and achievements. ","Another portion of the series is composed of miscellaneous general files originating from the national administration of the NSDAR that were in the possession of the Massanutton chapter. These files include pamphlets and informational mailings spanning 1950-2015.","Series 4: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1897-1981 contains four scrapbooks of clippings and notes related to the Massanutton chapter. Also included in the series is a commemorative ceramic plate honoring the 75th anniversary of the founding of the NSDAR. The plate bears the logo of the organization and was created by J. E. Caldwell Co. in Philadelphia, PA. The official NSDAR Massanutton Chapter charter is also included in the series, dating back to the chapter's founding in 1897. Also in the series is an undated portrait of a NSDAR member Katherine Seymore Green (Mrs. K. Paul).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Massanutton Chapter Records, 1895-2016, consist of ten boxes. It consists of the official papers of the chapter and has been arranged into four series: Minutes, Yearbooks, Subject files, and Scrapbooks and Ephemera.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)","United States (Title of work: Constitution.)","Washington, George, 1732-1799","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0076","/repositories/4/resources/414"],"normalized_title_ssm":["National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records"],"collection_ssim":["National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Emigration and immigration","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","United States -- Centennial celebrations, etc.","United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Emigration and immigration","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","United States -- Centennial celebrations, etc.","United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Emigration and immigration","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","United States -- Centennial celebrations, etc.","United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783","United States -- Genealogy"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was placed on deposit by contract signed by Mrs. Mildred Onsgard, Regent, on November 6, 1985; additions through 2016. The collection was officially donated to Special Collections in April 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Soldiers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Register","Soldiers -- Virginia -- Biography","Soldiers -- United States -- Registers","Taverns (Inns) -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taverns (Inns) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Historic buildings -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","American essays","Flag Day","Festivals -- United States","Holidays -- United States","Minutes (administrative records)","Yearbooks","Letters (correspondence)","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Soldiers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Register","Soldiers -- Virginia -- Biography","Soldiers -- United States -- Registers","Taverns (Inns) -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taverns (Inns) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Historic buildings -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","American essays","Flag Day","Festivals -- United States","Holidays -- United States","Minutes (administrative records)","Yearbooks","Letters (correspondence)","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.56 cubic feet 10 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3.56 cubic feet 10 Boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Minutes (administrative records)","Yearbooks","Letters (correspondence)","Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in four series. Series 1, Series 2, and Series 4 are arranged chronologically. Series 3 is arranged alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMinutes, 1895-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eYearbooks, 1912-2015\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubject Files, 1897-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks, 1922-1981\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in four series. Series 1, Series 2, and Series 4 are arranged chronologically. Series 3 is arranged alphabetically by subject.","Minutes, 1895-2011 Yearbooks, 1912-2015 Subject Files, 1897-2016 Scrapbooks, 1922-1981"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the summer of 1895, a group of prominent Harrisonburg and Rockingham County women met to form a local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). The group was organized and chartered as the Massanutton Chapter in 1897, with Mrs. John Paul as Regent. The name \"Massanutton\" and its spelling have been a topic of interest on several occasions through the years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt has been an active chapter, participating and often initiation public celebrations of such annual patriotic remembrances as Flag Day, George Washington's Birthday, and Constitution Week. The chapter contributed to several national war efforts over the decades, as well as to local endeavors such as equipping a room in the Hospital. It has placed several historical markers in the area, and sponsors programs and essay contests in local schools to stimulate an appreciation for American history. In the 1960s and 70s, members compiled several lists of otherwise unnoted county graveyards (A Record of Burial Places in Rockingham County, Va.; Church and Family Cemeteries, Eastern Section, Rockingham County, Va.); produced a unique list of inns titled Ordinaries of Rockingham County and Harrisonburg, Va. 1778-1855; and compiled Revolutionary Soldiers, Rockingham County, Va. These works were sent to the Virginia State Library. Also in recent years, the chapter has held a ceremony after naturalization proceedings to welcome new citizens.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the summer of 1895, a group of prominent Harrisonburg and Rockingham County women met to form a local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). The group was organized and chartered as the Massanutton Chapter in 1897, with Mrs. John Paul as Regent. The name \"Massanutton\" and its spelling have been a topic of interest on several occasions through the years.","It has been an active chapter, participating and often initiation public celebrations of such annual patriotic remembrances as Flag Day, George Washington's Birthday, and Constitution Week. The chapter contributed to several national war efforts over the decades, as well as to local endeavors such as equipping a room in the Hospital. It has placed several historical markers in the area, and sponsors programs and essay contests in local schools to stimulate an appreciation for American history. In the 1960s and 70s, members compiled several lists of otherwise unnoted county graveyards (A Record of Burial Places in Rockingham County, Va.; Church and Family Cemeteries, Eastern Section, Rockingham County, Va.); produced a unique list of inns titled Ordinaries of Rockingham County and Harrisonburg, Va. 1778-1855; and compiled Revolutionary Soldiers, Rockingham County, Va. These works were sent to the Virginia State Library. Also in recent years, the chapter has held a ceremony after naturalization proceedings to welcome new citizens."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records, 1895-2016, SC 0076, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of Item], [box #, folder #], National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter Records, 1895-2016, SC 0076, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcid-free interleaving paper was used extensively in minute books to buffer text from newspaper clippings; archival tape was used to mount loose clippings on bond paper; and the most brittle single sheets were placed into Mylar sleeves. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2001\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Acid-free interleaving paper was used extensively in minute books to buffer text from newspaper clippings; archival tape was used to mount loose clippings on bond paper; and the most brittle single sheets were placed into Mylar sleeves. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2001 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Massanutton Chapter Records, 1897-2016, consist of ten boxes, approximately 3.56 cubic feet. It consists of the official papers of the chapter and has been arranged into four series: Minutes, Yearbooks, Subject Files, and Scrapbooks and Ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Minutes, 1895-2011 consists of minute books and loose minutes spanning 1895-2011. The minutes are notations of regular meetings of the Massanutton chapter of the NSDAR. The minutes initially are stored in specific bound notebooks through the 1967-1981 book. Beginning with the 1979-1983, the minutes are written or printed on loose forms of paper rather than being bound. This continues until the end of the series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Yearbooks, 1912-2015 contains yearbooks of the Massanutton NSDAR from 1912-2015 (with gaps). The yearbooks contains names, information, and occasionally portraits of members of the Massanutton chapter. Current chapter, state, and national administrator information is included preceding standard chapter members. The yearbooks also contain up-to-date bylaws and general information on the chapter. Also included are songs important to the organizations, creeds, and pledges that are important for members to know. Historical information on charter members as well as former chapter regents are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3, Subject files, 1897-2016, contains a wide variety of materials, documenting the activities of the chapter. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the files represent events and efforts of the Massanutton chapter. Such files include the Cenennial Postage Stamp project in which the Massanutton chapter developed an official postage stamp with the United States Postal Service to commemorate its 100th anniversary. Another example of such public efforts is the restoration of the Lincoln Cemetery in 2010-2016. \nSome files included are administrative in nature, such as awards given by and received by the Massanutton chapter, chapter history, event programs, and regent reports and letters on chapter goals and achievements. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnother portion of the series is composed of miscellaneous general files originating from the national administration of the NSDAR that were in the possession of the Massanutton chapter. These files include pamphlets and informational mailings spanning 1950-2015.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1897-1981 contains four scrapbooks of clippings and notes related to the Massanutton chapter. Also included in the series is a commemorative ceramic plate honoring the 75th anniversary of the founding of the NSDAR. The plate bears the logo of the organization and was created by J. E. Caldwell Co. in Philadelphia, PA. The official NSDAR Massanutton Chapter charter is also included in the series, dating back to the chapter's founding in 1897. Also in the series is an undated portrait of a NSDAR member Katherine Seymore Green (Mrs. K. Paul).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Massanutton Chapter Records, 1897-2016, consist of ten boxes, approximately 3.56 cubic feet. It consists of the official papers of the chapter and has been arranged into four series: Minutes, Yearbooks, Subject Files, and Scrapbooks and Ephemera.","Series 1: Minutes, 1895-2011 consists of minute books and loose minutes spanning 1895-2011. The minutes are notations of regular meetings of the Massanutton chapter of the NSDAR. The minutes initially are stored in specific bound notebooks through the 1967-1981 book. Beginning with the 1979-1983, the minutes are written or printed on loose forms of paper rather than being bound. This continues until the end of the series.","Series 2: Yearbooks, 1912-2015 contains yearbooks of the Massanutton NSDAR from 1912-2015 (with gaps). The yearbooks contains names, information, and occasionally portraits of members of the Massanutton chapter. Current chapter, state, and national administrator information is included preceding standard chapter members. The yearbooks also contain up-to-date bylaws and general information on the chapter. Also included are songs important to the organizations, creeds, and pledges that are important for members to know. Historical information on charter members as well as former chapter regents are also included.","Series 3, Subject files, 1897-2016, contains a wide variety of materials, documenting the activities of the chapter. ","The majority of the files represent events and efforts of the Massanutton chapter. Such files include the Cenennial Postage Stamp project in which the Massanutton chapter developed an official postage stamp with the United States Postal Service to commemorate its 100th anniversary. Another example of such public efforts is the restoration of the Lincoln Cemetery in 2010-2016. \nSome files included are administrative in nature, such as awards given by and received by the Massanutton chapter, chapter history, event programs, and regent reports and letters on chapter goals and achievements. ","Another portion of the series is composed of miscellaneous general files originating from the national administration of the NSDAR that were in the possession of the Massanutton chapter. These files include pamphlets and informational mailings spanning 1950-2015.","Series 4: Scrapbooks and Ephemera, 1897-1981 contains four scrapbooks of clippings and notes related to the Massanutton chapter. Also included in the series is a commemorative ceramic plate honoring the 75th anniversary of the founding of the NSDAR. The plate bears the logo of the organization and was created by J. E. Caldwell Co. in Philadelphia, PA. The official NSDAR Massanutton Chapter charter is also included in the series, dating back to the chapter's founding in 1897. Also in the series is an undated portrait of a NSDAR member Katherine Seymore Green (Mrs. K. Paul)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_86ae076860205b41afc4eb37f848a434\"\u003eThe National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Massanutton Chapter Records, 1895-2016, consist of ten boxes. It consists of the official papers of the chapter and has been arranged into four series: Minutes, Yearbooks, Subject files, and Scrapbooks and Ephemera.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR). Massanutton Chapter Records, 1895-2016, consist of ten boxes. It consists of the official papers of the chapter and has been arranged into four series: Minutes, Yearbooks, Subject files, and Scrapbooks and Ephemera."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States (Title of work: Constitution.)","Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)","United States (Title of work: Constitution.)","Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Daughters of the American Revolution. Massanutton Chapter (Harrisonburg, Va.)","United States (Title of work: Constitution.)"],"persname_ssim":["Washington, George, 1732-1799"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":80,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:19:11.086Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_414"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Toliver, Ruth M.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_644.xml","title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"text":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644","Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.","Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.","Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.","A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.","George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.","One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creators_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"places_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections by Ruth and Lowell Toliver in February 2021. Ruth Toliver is George A. Newman's granddaughter. The Tolivers made additional donations in September 2021, October 2021, and January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"extent_tesim":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNewman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at \u003cextref href=\"https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\" show=\"new\"\u003ehttps://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906\u003c/emph\u003e (1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKeeping Up With Yesterday\u003c/emph\u003e (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRuby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAustin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and Wilberforce University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026amp; Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \u003cblockquote\u003e\"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"\u003c/blockquote\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026amp; D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026amp; D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSix minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius, Fred Jr., George\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQueen for Eastern Star Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePh.D., University of Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdained United Methodist minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4bcb0d86958b487646d5b5f8bec1dc4e\"\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_644.xml","title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"text":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644","Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.","Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.","Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.","A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.","George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.","One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creators_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"places_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections by Ruth and Lowell Toliver in February 2021. Ruth Toliver is George A. Newman's granddaughter. The Tolivers made additional donations in September 2021, October 2021, and January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"extent_tesim":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNewman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at \u003cextref href=\"https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\" show=\"new\"\u003ehttps://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906\u003c/emph\u003e (1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKeeping Up With Yesterday\u003c/emph\u003e (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRuby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAustin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and Wilberforce University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026amp; Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \u003cblockquote\u003e\"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"\u003c/blockquote\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026amp; D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026amp; D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSix minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius, Fred Jr., George\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQueen for Eastern Star Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePh.D., University of Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdained United Methodist minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4bcb0d86958b487646d5b5f8bec1dc4e\"\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_653","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"W. L. Dechert Corporation Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_653#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Tim Abbott Americana","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_653#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The W. L. Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, comprise two bound volumes containing historical information, financial records, meeting minutes, bylaws, and administrative information concerning Harrisonburg's W. L. Dechert Corporation.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_653#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_653","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_653","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_653","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_653","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_653.xml","title_ssm":["W. L. Dechert Corporation Records"],"title_tesim":["W. L. Dechert Corporation Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-1943"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-1943"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0311","/repositories/4/resources/653"],"text":["SC 0311","/repositories/4/resources/653","W. L. Dechert Corporation Records","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Insurance companies -- 19th century","Insurance companies -- 20th century","Business records -- 19th century","Business records -- 20th century","Timelines (chronologies)","Minutes (administrative records)","Financial Records","Charters","Bylaws (administrative records)","Business records","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged chronologically into two folders.","Wilmer Lee Dechert (1866-1935) was the founder of W. L. Dechert Corporation, an insurance agency in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Dechert began his insurance career in 1890 when Charles E. Lupton, James R. Lupton, Robert E. Sullivan, and Dechert formed Lupton, Sullivan \u0026 Co. The company was dissolved in 1892 and Sullivan \u0026 Dechert was formed. Sullivan \u0026 Dechert was dissolved in 1893 and Dechert took over the business completely. On January 1, 1909, the W. L. Dechert Corporation was established with Dechert as president and E. L. Dechert as secretary. W. L. Dechert Corporation sold fire, life, accident, casualty, and health insurance, and served businesses and private individuals. The name changed to W. L. Dechert Company on April 1, 1919. W. L. Dechert Corporation was still widely used after 1919 (in meeting minutes and correspondence) and may have been used interchangeably with W. L. Dechert Company. W. L. Dechert Corporation's certificate of incorporation was issued by the State Corporation Commission on September 24, 1934. At the June 15, 1935 meeting, after W. L. Dechert's April 1935 death, Laura W. Dechert, W. L. Dechert's daughter-in-law, was unanimously elected president of W. L. Dechert Corporation. She resigned from this position in 1937.","The corporation was dissolved on January 29, 1943 by an order of the State Corporation Commission and at the request of the three stock holders - John R. Grattan, D. Y. Grattan, and J. G. Yancey. The certificate of dissolution is included as a loose item in the first bound volume. ","W. L. Dechert Corporation and its predecessors moved its Harrisonburg office several times and was located in the E. Warren Nelson building (28 Court Square), Kent Building (32 Graham Street), and Newman Building (2-6 North Main Street).","For a more detailed timeline of W. L. Dechert Corporation's history, researchers are encouraged to review the incomplete chronology (1890-1930) found at the beginning of the first bound volume in this collection.","Straight pins used to secure loose items together were removed. All loose items were left in place in the bound volumes.","W.L. Dechert Corporation changed its name to W. L. Dechert Company on April 1, 1919. W. L. Dechert Corporation was still widely used after 1919 (in meeting minutes and correspondence) and may have been used interchangeably with W. L. Dechert Company. In this finding aid, for the purposes of clarity, the business will be described as W. L. Dechert Corporation.","The W. L. Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, comprise two bound volumes containing historical information, financial records, meeting minutes, bylaws, and administrative information concerning Harrisonburg's W. L. Dechert Corporation.","The first bound volume, 1890-1943, is embossed \"W. L. Dechert Company Historical Statistical Memoranda\" and begins with a January 1, 1924 typed introduction written by W. L. Dechert describing the contents of the book as \"facts, statistics and things jotted down.\" It includes a chronology of W. L. Dechert Corporation (1890-1930); list of sub-agents and solicitors; list of ledgers, daybooks, and registers created by the corporation; financial records including gains, losses, and premiums; insolvent accounts; inventory of office furniture; and a list of stockholders. The volume also includes a tipped in copy of the corporation's plan of organization and an 1890 insurance policy for Mrs. O. B. Roller (Margaret Irick Roller) issued by Agricultural Insurance Company with Lupton, Sullivan, and Co. acting as the issuing agency. The January 29, 1943 certificate of dissolution is included as a loose item along with correspondence.","A listing of fires $5,000 and over documents significant local fires at private residences and business including The Homestead in Hot Springs, Virginia (1901); Stuarts Draft Milling Company (1916); Continental Leather Company (1922 in Augusta Springs and 1925 in Elkton); Woodberry Forest School (1923); and Shenandoah County School Board (1925). ","The second bound volume, 1934-1943, is largely blank, but includes a typed copy of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws, and meeting minutes.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The W. L. Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, comprise two bound volumes containing historical information, financial records, meeting minutes, bylaws, and administrative information concerning Harrisonburg's W. L. Dechert Corporation.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Tim Abbott Americana","W. L. Dechert Corporation","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0311","/repositories/4/resources/653"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. L. Dechert Corporation Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["W. L. Dechert Corporation Records"],"collection_ssim":["W. L. Dechert Corporation Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Tim Abbott Americana","W. L. Dechert Corporation"],"creator_ssim":["Tim Abbott Americana","W. L. Dechert Corporation"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Tim Abbott Americana","W. L. Dechert Corporation"],"creators_ssim":["Tim Abbott Americana","W. L. Dechert Corporation"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired from Tim Abbott Americana's Virginiana Catalog #3, December 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Insurance companies -- 19th century","Insurance companies -- 20th century","Business records -- 19th century","Business records -- 20th century","Timelines (chronologies)","Minutes (administrative records)","Financial Records","Charters","Bylaws (administrative records)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Insurance companies -- 19th century","Insurance companies -- 20th century","Business records -- 19th century","Business records -- 20th century","Timelines (chronologies)","Minutes (administrative records)","Financial Records","Charters","Bylaws (administrative records)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 2 folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 2 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Timelines (chronologies)","Minutes (administrative records)","Financial Records","Charters","Bylaws (administrative records)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically into two folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically into two folders."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilmer Lee Dechert (1866-1935) was the founder of W. L. Dechert Corporation, an insurance agency in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Dechert began his insurance career in 1890 when Charles E. Lupton, James R. Lupton, Robert E. Sullivan, and Dechert formed Lupton, Sullivan \u0026amp; Co. The company was dissolved in 1892 and Sullivan \u0026amp; Dechert was formed. Sullivan \u0026amp; Dechert was dissolved in 1893 and Dechert took over the business completely. On January 1, 1909, the W. L. Dechert Corporation was established with Dechert as president and E. L. Dechert as secretary. W. L. Dechert Corporation sold fire, life, accident, casualty, and health insurance, and served businesses and private individuals. The name changed to W. L. Dechert Company on April 1, 1919. W. L. Dechert Corporation was still widely used after 1919 (in meeting minutes and correspondence) and may have been used interchangeably with W. L. Dechert Company. W. L. Dechert Corporation's certificate of incorporation was issued by the State Corporation Commission on September 24, 1934. At the June 15, 1935 meeting, after W. L. Dechert's April 1935 death, Laura W. Dechert, W. L. Dechert's daughter-in-law, was unanimously elected president of W. L. Dechert Corporation. She resigned from this position in 1937.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe corporation was dissolved on January 29, 1943 by an order of the State Corporation Commission and at the request of the three stock holders - John R. Grattan, D. Y. Grattan, and J. G. Yancey. The certificate of dissolution is included as a loose item in the first bound volume. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eW. L. Dechert Corporation and its predecessors moved its Harrisonburg office several times and was located in the E. Warren Nelson building (28 Court Square), Kent Building (32 Graham Street), and Newman Building (2-6 North Main Street).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor a more detailed timeline of W. L. Dechert Corporation's history, researchers are encouraged to review the incomplete chronology (1890-1930) found at the beginning of the first bound volume in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Wilmer Lee Dechert (1866-1935) was the founder of W. L. Dechert Corporation, an insurance agency in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Dechert began his insurance career in 1890 when Charles E. Lupton, James R. Lupton, Robert E. Sullivan, and Dechert formed Lupton, Sullivan \u0026 Co. The company was dissolved in 1892 and Sullivan \u0026 Dechert was formed. Sullivan \u0026 Dechert was dissolved in 1893 and Dechert took over the business completely. On January 1, 1909, the W. L. Dechert Corporation was established with Dechert as president and E. L. Dechert as secretary. W. L. Dechert Corporation sold fire, life, accident, casualty, and health insurance, and served businesses and private individuals. The name changed to W. L. Dechert Company on April 1, 1919. W. L. Dechert Corporation was still widely used after 1919 (in meeting minutes and correspondence) and may have been used interchangeably with W. L. Dechert Company. W. L. Dechert Corporation's certificate of incorporation was issued by the State Corporation Commission on September 24, 1934. At the June 15, 1935 meeting, after W. L. Dechert's April 1935 death, Laura W. Dechert, W. L. Dechert's daughter-in-law, was unanimously elected president of W. L. Dechert Corporation. She resigned from this position in 1937.","The corporation was dissolved on January 29, 1943 by an order of the State Corporation Commission and at the request of the three stock holders - John R. Grattan, D. Y. Grattan, and J. G. Yancey. The certificate of dissolution is included as a loose item in the first bound volume. ","W. L. Dechert Corporation and its predecessors moved its Harrisonburg office several times and was located in the E. Warren Nelson building (28 Court Square), Kent Building (32 Graham Street), and Newman Building (2-6 North Main Street).","For a more detailed timeline of W. L. Dechert Corporation's history, researchers are encouraged to review the incomplete chronology (1890-1930) found at the beginning of the first bound volume in this collection."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], W. L. Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, SC 0311, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], W. L. Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, SC 0311, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStraight pins used to secure loose items together were removed. All loose items were left in place in the bound volumes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eW.L. Dechert Corporation changed its name to W. L. Dechert Company on April 1, 1919. W. L. Dechert Corporation was still widely used after 1919 (in meeting minutes and correspondence) and may have been used interchangeably with W. L. Dechert Company. In this finding aid, for the purposes of clarity, the business will be described as W. L. Dechert Corporation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Straight pins used to secure loose items together were removed. All loose items were left in place in the bound volumes.","W.L. Dechert Corporation changed its name to W. L. Dechert Company on April 1, 1919. W. L. Dechert Corporation was still widely used after 1919 (in meeting minutes and correspondence) and may have been used interchangeably with W. L. Dechert Company. In this finding aid, for the purposes of clarity, the business will be described as W. L. Dechert Corporation."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe W. L. Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, comprise two bound volumes containing historical information, financial records, meeting minutes, bylaws, and administrative information concerning Harrisonburg's W. L. Dechert Corporation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first bound volume, 1890-1943, is embossed \"W. L. Dechert Company Historical Statistical Memoranda\" and begins with a January 1, 1924 typed introduction written by W. L. Dechert describing the contents of the book as \"facts, statistics and things jotted down.\" It includes a chronology of W. L. Dechert Corporation (1890-1930); list of sub-agents and solicitors; list of ledgers, daybooks, and registers created by the corporation; financial records including gains, losses, and premiums; insolvent accounts; inventory of office furniture; and a list of stockholders. The volume also includes a tipped in copy of the corporation's plan of organization and an 1890 insurance policy for Mrs. O. B. Roller (Margaret Irick Roller) issued by Agricultural Insurance Company with Lupton, Sullivan, and Co. acting as the issuing agency. The January 29, 1943 certificate of dissolution is included as a loose item along with correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA listing of fires $5,000 and over documents significant local fires at private residences and business including The Homestead in Hot Springs, Virginia (1901); Stuarts Draft Milling Company (1916); Continental Leather Company (1922 in Augusta Springs and 1925 in Elkton); Woodberry Forest School (1923); and Shenandoah County School Board (1925). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second bound volume, 1934-1943, is largely blank, but includes a typed copy of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws, and meeting minutes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The W. L. Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, comprise two bound volumes containing historical information, financial records, meeting minutes, bylaws, and administrative information concerning Harrisonburg's W. L. Dechert Corporation.","The first bound volume, 1890-1943, is embossed \"W. L. Dechert Company Historical Statistical Memoranda\" and begins with a January 1, 1924 typed introduction written by W. L. Dechert describing the contents of the book as \"facts, statistics and things jotted down.\" It includes a chronology of W. L. Dechert Corporation (1890-1930); list of sub-agents and solicitors; list of ledgers, daybooks, and registers created by the corporation; financial records including gains, losses, and premiums; insolvent accounts; inventory of office furniture; and a list of stockholders. The volume also includes a tipped in copy of the corporation's plan of organization and an 1890 insurance policy for Mrs. O. B. Roller (Margaret Irick Roller) issued by Agricultural Insurance Company with Lupton, Sullivan, and Co. acting as the issuing agency. The January 29, 1943 certificate of dissolution is included as a loose item along with correspondence.","A listing of fires $5,000 and over documents significant local fires at private residences and business including The Homestead in Hot Springs, Virginia (1901); Stuarts Draft Milling Company (1916); Continental Leather Company (1922 in Augusta Springs and 1925 in Elkton); Woodberry Forest School (1923); and Shenandoah County School Board (1925). ","The second bound volume, 1934-1943, is largely blank, but includes a typed copy of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws, and meeting minutes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_69c30ef4e3690357a59023f68ef4ffaa\"\u003eThe W. L. Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, comprise two bound volumes containing historical information, financial records, meeting minutes, bylaws, and administrative information concerning Harrisonburg's W. L. Dechert Corporation.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The W. L. Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, comprise two bound volumes containing historical information, financial records, meeting minutes, bylaws, and administrative information concerning Harrisonburg's W. L. Dechert Corporation."],"names_coll_ssim":["Tim Abbott Americana"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Tim Abbott Americana","W. L. Dechert Corporation"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Tim Abbott Americana","W. L. Dechert Corporation"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:14.908Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_653","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_653","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_653","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_653","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_653.xml","title_ssm":["W. L. Dechert Corporation Records"],"title_tesim":["W. L. Dechert Corporation Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-1943"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-1943"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0311","/repositories/4/resources/653"],"text":["SC 0311","/repositories/4/resources/653","W. L. Dechert Corporation Records","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Insurance companies -- 19th century","Insurance companies -- 20th century","Business records -- 19th century","Business records -- 20th century","Timelines (chronologies)","Minutes (administrative records)","Financial Records","Charters","Bylaws (administrative records)","Business records","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged chronologically into two folders.","Wilmer Lee Dechert (1866-1935) was the founder of W. L. Dechert Corporation, an insurance agency in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Dechert began his insurance career in 1890 when Charles E. Lupton, James R. Lupton, Robert E. Sullivan, and Dechert formed Lupton, Sullivan \u0026 Co. The company was dissolved in 1892 and Sullivan \u0026 Dechert was formed. Sullivan \u0026 Dechert was dissolved in 1893 and Dechert took over the business completely. On January 1, 1909, the W. L. Dechert Corporation was established with Dechert as president and E. L. Dechert as secretary. W. L. Dechert Corporation sold fire, life, accident, casualty, and health insurance, and served businesses and private individuals. The name changed to W. L. Dechert Company on April 1, 1919. W. L. Dechert Corporation was still widely used after 1919 (in meeting minutes and correspondence) and may have been used interchangeably with W. L. Dechert Company. W. L. Dechert Corporation's certificate of incorporation was issued by the State Corporation Commission on September 24, 1934. At the June 15, 1935 meeting, after W. L. Dechert's April 1935 death, Laura W. Dechert, W. L. Dechert's daughter-in-law, was unanimously elected president of W. L. Dechert Corporation. She resigned from this position in 1937.","The corporation was dissolved on January 29, 1943 by an order of the State Corporation Commission and at the request of the three stock holders - John R. Grattan, D. Y. Grattan, and J. G. Yancey. The certificate of dissolution is included as a loose item in the first bound volume. ","W. L. Dechert Corporation and its predecessors moved its Harrisonburg office several times and was located in the E. Warren Nelson building (28 Court Square), Kent Building (32 Graham Street), and Newman Building (2-6 North Main Street).","For a more detailed timeline of W. L. Dechert Corporation's history, researchers are encouraged to review the incomplete chronology (1890-1930) found at the beginning of the first bound volume in this collection.","Straight pins used to secure loose items together were removed. All loose items were left in place in the bound volumes.","W.L. Dechert Corporation changed its name to W. L. Dechert Company on April 1, 1919. W. L. Dechert Corporation was still widely used after 1919 (in meeting minutes and correspondence) and may have been used interchangeably with W. L. Dechert Company. In this finding aid, for the purposes of clarity, the business will be described as W. L. Dechert Corporation.","The W. L. Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, comprise two bound volumes containing historical information, financial records, meeting minutes, bylaws, and administrative information concerning Harrisonburg's W. L. Dechert Corporation.","The first bound volume, 1890-1943, is embossed \"W. L. Dechert Company Historical Statistical Memoranda\" and begins with a January 1, 1924 typed introduction written by W. L. Dechert describing the contents of the book as \"facts, statistics and things jotted down.\" It includes a chronology of W. L. Dechert Corporation (1890-1930); list of sub-agents and solicitors; list of ledgers, daybooks, and registers created by the corporation; financial records including gains, losses, and premiums; insolvent accounts; inventory of office furniture; and a list of stockholders. The volume also includes a tipped in copy of the corporation's plan of organization and an 1890 insurance policy for Mrs. O. B. Roller (Margaret Irick Roller) issued by Agricultural Insurance Company with Lupton, Sullivan, and Co. acting as the issuing agency. The January 29, 1943 certificate of dissolution is included as a loose item along with correspondence.","A listing of fires $5,000 and over documents significant local fires at private residences and business including The Homestead in Hot Springs, Virginia (1901); Stuarts Draft Milling Company (1916); Continental Leather Company (1922 in Augusta Springs and 1925 in Elkton); Woodberry Forest School (1923); and Shenandoah County School Board (1925). ","The second bound volume, 1934-1943, is largely blank, but includes a typed copy of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws, and meeting minutes.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The W. L. Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, comprise two bound volumes containing historical information, financial records, meeting minutes, bylaws, and administrative information concerning Harrisonburg's W. L. Dechert Corporation.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Tim Abbott Americana","W. L. Dechert Corporation","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0311","/repositories/4/resources/653"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. L. Dechert Corporation Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["W. L. Dechert Corporation Records"],"collection_ssim":["W. L. Dechert Corporation Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Tim Abbott Americana","W. L. Dechert Corporation"],"creator_ssim":["Tim Abbott Americana","W. L. Dechert Corporation"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Tim Abbott Americana","W. L. Dechert Corporation"],"creators_ssim":["Tim Abbott Americana","W. L. Dechert Corporation"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically into two folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically into two folders."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilmer Lee Dechert (1866-1935) was the founder of W. L. Dechert Corporation, an insurance agency in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Dechert began his insurance career in 1890 when Charles E. Lupton, James R. Lupton, Robert E. Sullivan, and Dechert formed Lupton, Sullivan \u0026amp; Co. The company was dissolved in 1892 and Sullivan \u0026amp; Dechert was formed. Sullivan \u0026amp; Dechert was dissolved in 1893 and Dechert took over the business completely. On January 1, 1909, the W. L. Dechert Corporation was established with Dechert as president and E. L. Dechert as secretary. W. L. Dechert Corporation sold fire, life, accident, casualty, and health insurance, and served businesses and private individuals. The name changed to W. L. Dechert Company on April 1, 1919. W. L. Dechert Corporation was still widely used after 1919 (in meeting minutes and correspondence) and may have been used interchangeably with W. L. Dechert Company. W. L. Dechert Corporation's certificate of incorporation was issued by the State Corporation Commission on September 24, 1934. At the June 15, 1935 meeting, after W. L. Dechert's April 1935 death, Laura W. Dechert, W. L. Dechert's daughter-in-law, was unanimously elected president of W. L. Dechert Corporation. She resigned from this position in 1937.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe corporation was dissolved on January 29, 1943 by an order of the State Corporation Commission and at the request of the three stock holders - John R. Grattan, D. Y. Grattan, and J. G. Yancey. The certificate of dissolution is included as a loose item in the first bound volume. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eW. L. Dechert Corporation and its predecessors moved its Harrisonburg office several times and was located in the E. Warren Nelson building (28 Court Square), Kent Building (32 Graham Street), and Newman Building (2-6 North Main Street).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor a more detailed timeline of W. L. Dechert Corporation's history, researchers are encouraged to review the incomplete chronology (1890-1930) found at the beginning of the first bound volume in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Wilmer Lee Dechert (1866-1935) was the founder of W. L. Dechert Corporation, an insurance agency in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Dechert began his insurance career in 1890 when Charles E. Lupton, James R. Lupton, Robert E. Sullivan, and Dechert formed Lupton, Sullivan \u0026 Co. The company was dissolved in 1892 and Sullivan \u0026 Dechert was formed. Sullivan \u0026 Dechert was dissolved in 1893 and Dechert took over the business completely. On January 1, 1909, the W. L. Dechert Corporation was established with Dechert as president and E. L. Dechert as secretary. W. L. Dechert Corporation sold fire, life, accident, casualty, and health insurance, and served businesses and private individuals. The name changed to W. L. Dechert Company on April 1, 1919. W. L. Dechert Corporation was still widely used after 1919 (in meeting minutes and correspondence) and may have been used interchangeably with W. L. Dechert Company. W. L. Dechert Corporation's certificate of incorporation was issued by the State Corporation Commission on September 24, 1934. At the June 15, 1935 meeting, after W. L. Dechert's April 1935 death, Laura W. Dechert, W. L. Dechert's daughter-in-law, was unanimously elected president of W. L. Dechert Corporation. She resigned from this position in 1937.","The corporation was dissolved on January 29, 1943 by an order of the State Corporation Commission and at the request of the three stock holders - John R. Grattan, D. Y. Grattan, and J. G. Yancey. The certificate of dissolution is included as a loose item in the first bound volume. ","W. L. Dechert Corporation and its predecessors moved its Harrisonburg office several times and was located in the E. Warren Nelson building (28 Court Square), Kent Building (32 Graham Street), and Newman Building (2-6 North Main Street).","For a more detailed timeline of W. L. Dechert Corporation's history, researchers are encouraged to review the incomplete chronology (1890-1930) found at the beginning of the first bound volume in this collection."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], W. L. Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, SC 0311, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], W. L. Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, SC 0311, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStraight pins used to secure loose items together were removed. All loose items were left in place in the bound volumes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eW.L. Dechert Corporation changed its name to W. L. Dechert Company on April 1, 1919. W. L. Dechert Corporation was still widely used after 1919 (in meeting minutes and correspondence) and may have been used interchangeably with W. L. Dechert Company. In this finding aid, for the purposes of clarity, the business will be described as W. L. Dechert Corporation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Straight pins used to secure loose items together were removed. All loose items were left in place in the bound volumes.","W.L. Dechert Corporation changed its name to W. L. Dechert Company on April 1, 1919. W. L. Dechert Corporation was still widely used after 1919 (in meeting minutes and correspondence) and may have been used interchangeably with W. L. Dechert Company. In this finding aid, for the purposes of clarity, the business will be described as W. L. Dechert Corporation."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe W. L. Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, comprise two bound volumes containing historical information, financial records, meeting minutes, bylaws, and administrative information concerning Harrisonburg's W. L. Dechert Corporation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first bound volume, 1890-1943, is embossed \"W. L. Dechert Company Historical Statistical Memoranda\" and begins with a January 1, 1924 typed introduction written by W. L. Dechert describing the contents of the book as \"facts, statistics and things jotted down.\" It includes a chronology of W. L. Dechert Corporation (1890-1930); list of sub-agents and solicitors; list of ledgers, daybooks, and registers created by the corporation; financial records including gains, losses, and premiums; insolvent accounts; inventory of office furniture; and a list of stockholders. The volume also includes a tipped in copy of the corporation's plan of organization and an 1890 insurance policy for Mrs. O. B. Roller (Margaret Irick Roller) issued by Agricultural Insurance Company with Lupton, Sullivan, and Co. acting as the issuing agency. The January 29, 1943 certificate of dissolution is included as a loose item along with correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA listing of fires $5,000 and over documents significant local fires at private residences and business including The Homestead in Hot Springs, Virginia (1901); Stuarts Draft Milling Company (1916); Continental Leather Company (1922 in Augusta Springs and 1925 in Elkton); Woodberry Forest School (1923); and Shenandoah County School Board (1925). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second bound volume, 1934-1943, is largely blank, but includes a typed copy of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws, and meeting minutes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The W. L. Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, comprise two bound volumes containing historical information, financial records, meeting minutes, bylaws, and administrative information concerning Harrisonburg's W. L. Dechert Corporation.","The first bound volume, 1890-1943, is embossed \"W. L. Dechert Company Historical Statistical Memoranda\" and begins with a January 1, 1924 typed introduction written by W. L. Dechert describing the contents of the book as \"facts, statistics and things jotted down.\" It includes a chronology of W. L. Dechert Corporation (1890-1930); list of sub-agents and solicitors; list of ledgers, daybooks, and registers created by the corporation; financial records including gains, losses, and premiums; insolvent accounts; inventory of office furniture; and a list of stockholders. The volume also includes a tipped in copy of the corporation's plan of organization and an 1890 insurance policy for Mrs. O. B. Roller (Margaret Irick Roller) issued by Agricultural Insurance Company with Lupton, Sullivan, and Co. acting as the issuing agency. The January 29, 1943 certificate of dissolution is included as a loose item along with correspondence.","A listing of fires $5,000 and over documents significant local fires at private residences and business including The Homestead in Hot Springs, Virginia (1901); Stuarts Draft Milling Company (1916); Continental Leather Company (1922 in Augusta Springs and 1925 in Elkton); Woodberry Forest School (1923); and Shenandoah County School Board (1925). ","The second bound volume, 1934-1943, is largely blank, but includes a typed copy of the certificate of incorporation, bylaws, and meeting minutes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Dechert Corporation Records, 1890-1943, comprise two bound volumes containing historical information, financial records, meeting minutes, bylaws, and administrative information concerning Harrisonburg's W. L. Dechert Corporation."],"names_coll_ssim":["Tim Abbott Americana"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Tim Abbott Americana","W. L. Dechert Corporation"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Tim Abbott Americana","W. L. Dechert Corporation"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:14.908Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_653"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_505","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Woodbine Cemetery Records","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_505#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Woodbine Cemetery","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_505#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006, consist of materials relating to the operation of Woodbine Cemetery, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The collection includes a wide array of financial and commercial materials, including receipt books and loose receipts, account books, checks, ledgers, bank statements, board minutes and reports, customer correspondence, insurance information, maps, and other materials produced during the course of business over approximately the past 150 years.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_505#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_505","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_505","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_505","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_505","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_505.xml","title_ssm":["Woodbine Cemetery Records"],"title_tesim":["Woodbine Cemetery Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1830-2006","1940-2006"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1830-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0236","/repositories/4/resources/505"],"text":["SC 0236","/repositories/4/resources/505","Woodbine Cemetery Records","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Minutes (administrative records)","Maps (documents)","Plats (maps)","Checks (bank checks)","Directories","Ledgers (account books)","Administrative reports","Letters (correspondence)","Deeds","Parts of the collection are restricted, due to the presence of personally identifying information. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","The collection is arranged in six series. Broadly speaking, each series is arranged first by the type of material, and then chronologically within these broader categories. Exceptions to this arrangement were made in order to pay respects to the original order, as well as when precise dates could not be readily determined.","Financial Files, circa 1840-2006 (bulk 1890-2006) Administrative Files, 1853-2002 Business Records, 1898-2006 Mausoleum Records, 1924-2006 Ephemera, 1985-2000 Maps, 1913-1966","Liskey, Nelson J. \"History of Woodbine Cemetery,\" Harrisonburg, VA. 1998.","\"About Woodbine.\" Woodbine Cemetery. http://woodbinecemetery.org/about-woodbine/ (Accessed September 19, 2018).","Moore, Robert H. \"The Woodbine Cemetery.\" Historical Marker Database, February 26, 2009. https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=16486 (Accessed September 19, 2018).","Woodbine Cemetery Company was founded on March 19, 1850 by the Virginia General Assembly, as a non-denominational burial ground in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The first land for the cemetery was purchased seven months later, on October 11, 1850, from Harrisonburg's first mayor, Isaac Hardesty, who sold 2½ acres to the cemetery company. It has continued to expand in size over the years, and the current grounds cover about 18 acres. Woodbine Cemetery contains roughly 11,550 burial plots with approximately 9,000 interred.","Soon after the Civil War, the cemetery created an area dedicated to Confederate soldiers and veterans. This section was originally maintained by the Ladies Memorial Association, founded in 1868 with the charge of caring for the graves of Confederate soldiers buried in Rockingham County. The Ladies Memorial Association erected a soldiers monument in 1876, and in 1899 with the aid of the Turner Ashby Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, replaced all wooden head boards with white marble stones. The section was expanded in 1886, when Samuel Shacklett donated a 5 acre-plot, containing land likely already in use as a Confederate cemetery. There are now over 200 Confederate soldier or veterans buried there, representing states of Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, Louisiana, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, Missouri, and Tennessee. The cemetery also contains area known as \"Little Arlington,\" dedicated to those who served in World War I and World War II. ","The Community Mausoleum was erected in 1926, though there are no records of incorporation until 1936, when it was incorporated as the \"Communal Mausoleum Crypt Owners, Inc.\" In February 2006, the mausoleum merged with Woodbine Cemetery Company.","According to a Woodbine Board of Trustees report dated April 2, 1853, the original cemetery contained plots designated for African Americans, stating, \"…in the rear plats have already been appropriated to single interments, and likewise for the use of colored persons.\" According to Nelson J. Liskey's, \"History of Woodbine Cemetery,\" in 1969, the board adopted a policy that \"no restrictions as to race would be applicable to lot purchasers.\" Certificates of Ownership of Communal Mausoleum Crypts at Woodbine Cemetery state that \"the crypts are for the entombment of the human dead of the Caucasian race only.\"","Superintendents of Woodbine Cemetery include, but are not limited to, the following individuals: John Foster (1851), J.P. Hyde (1863), J.E. Good (1880), Bowman Gilmer (1918-1958), Sherman Gilmer (1958-1981), David Schrock (1981-1992), Lisa Batchelder (1992-present).","Due to the lengthy time period covered by this collection, the materials were created, collected and organized by a variety of individuals, and completeness of the records varies. Where possible, the original order and naming conventions were retained. The collection also originally contained various stamps, keys, and other 3-dimensional objects, which were not retained.","The Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006, are comprised of materials related to the operation of Woodbine Cemetery, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The collection includes a wide array of financial and commercial materials, including receipt books and loose receipts, account books, checks, ledgers, bank statements, board minutes and reports, customer correspondence, insurance information, maps, and other materials produced during the course of business, between the 1850s and 2006. This includes records relating to the management of the Woodbine Mausoleum, which existed as a separate entity until 2006, when it was acquired by Woodbine Cemetery. ","Due to the lengthy time period covered, the materials were collected and organized by a variety of individuals, and completeness of the records varies. When possible, the original order and naming conventions were retained. The material relates almost exclusively to Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg VA, though some of the ephemera relates to other cemeteries as well.","Financial Files, ca. 1840-2006, is comprised of financial documents of various types. These include receipts for materials purchased by the cemetery for operations, including hardware, materials, landscaping services, and other expenses relating to the day-to-day care of the cemetery grounds and buildings. Cemetery account books, receipt books, and ledgers track the income and expenditures of the Cemetery, including payments made to the cemetery for the one-time purchase of plots and ongoing income from perpetual care plots. Additional information includes cemetery tax documents are returns, employee payment and salary information, banking documents (including deposit slips and account statements), donor pledges, and other related documents directly impacting the financial affairs of Woodbine cemetery. Certain folder within this series are restricted, due to the presence of personally identifying information.","Administrative Files, ca. 1830-2002, is comprised of documents which record the information used to manage the cemetery. As such, it contains reports and minutes compiled by the cemetery's various treasurers and presidents over the years, information relating to board meetings, insurance policy papers, and other similar documents created in the course of running the business.","This series contains material relating to the business side of Woodbine Cemetery from the years 1898-2006. The materials within this series relate to the cemetery's interactions with their customers and patrons. As such, it includes lists of lot owners, deeds, and contact information for customers. Among these materials are documents relating to disputes, and questions arising about specific plots or persons in the cemetery. Also included are newsletters, fund letters, mailing lists, and correspondence generating through interactions with the Harrisonburg community at large.","This series contains the information related to the management and fundraising efforts of the Woodbine Community Mausoleum from its founding in 1989 until it was acquired by Woodbine Cemetery in 2006. This includes financial documents, board minutes, owner information, and all other material relating specifically to the Mausoleum. The voided certificates of ownership of communal mausoleum crypts at Woodbine Cemetery, dated 1927-1970, state that \"the crypts are for the entombment of the human dead of the Caucasian race only...\".","This series is comprised of general records that were maintained by the cemetery for posterity, including photographs of the cemetery, sesquicentennial celebration information, and various publications and information related to cemeteries.","This series is composed of maps and charts of Woodbine Cemetery and the Mausoleum, which show how the cemetery expanded during the 20 th  century.","A copy of the book, \"Beautiful Thornrose,\" edited by Arista Hoge (Staunton, VA: Press of the McClure Co., 1914), was separated from the collection, and is housed in Special Collections Monographs, F234.S8 B4 1914.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006, consist of materials relating to the operation of Woodbine Cemetery, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The collection includes a wide array of financial and commercial materials, including receipt books and loose receipts, account books, checks, ledgers, bank statements, board minutes and reports, customer correspondence, insurance information, maps, and other materials produced during the course of business over approximately the past 150 years.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Woodbine Cemetery","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0236","/repositories/4/resources/505"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Woodbine Cemetery Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Woodbine Cemetery Records"],"collection_ssim":["Woodbine Cemetery Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Woodbine Cemetery","Woodbine Cemetery"],"creator_ssim":["Woodbine Cemetery","Woodbine Cemetery"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Woodbine Cemetery","Woodbine Cemetery"],"creators_ssim":["Woodbine Cemetery","Woodbine Cemetery"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Charlie Chenault, Woodbine Cemetery Board of Trustees, Secretary/Treasurer, on August 27, 2015. Additions were made by Lisa Batchelder, superintendent of Woodbine Cemetery, in September and October 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Minutes (administrative records)","Maps (documents)","Plats (maps)","Checks (bank checks)","Directories","Ledgers (account books)","Administrative reports","Letters (correspondence)","Deeds"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Minutes (administrative records)","Maps (documents)","Plats (maps)","Checks (bank checks)","Directories","Ledgers (account books)","Administrative reports","Letters (correspondence)","Deeds"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26.17 cubic feet 74 boxes, 6 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["26.17 cubic feet 74 boxes, 6 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Minutes (administrative records)","Maps (documents)","Plats (maps)","Checks (bank checks)","Directories","Ledgers (account books)","Administrative reports","Letters (correspondence)","Deeds"],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eParts of the collection are restricted, due to the presence of personally identifying information. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Parts of the collection are restricted, due to the presence of personally identifying information. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in six series. Broadly speaking, each series is arranged first by the type of material, and then chronologically within these broader categories. Exceptions to this arrangement were made in order to pay respects to the original order, as well as when precise dates could not be readily determined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Files, circa 1840-2006 (bulk 1890-2006)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Files, 1853-2002\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBusiness Records, 1898-2006\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMausoleum Records, 1924-2006\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1985-2000\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMaps, 1913-1966\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in six series. Broadly speaking, each series is arranged first by the type of material, and then chronologically within these broader categories. Exceptions to this arrangement were made in order to pay respects to the original order, as well as when precise dates could not be readily determined.","Financial Files, circa 1840-2006 (bulk 1890-2006) Administrative Files, 1853-2002 Business Records, 1898-2006 Mausoleum Records, 1924-2006 Ephemera, 1985-2000 Maps, 1913-1966"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eLiskey, Nelson J. \"History of Woodbine Cemetery,\" Harrisonburg, VA. 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"About Woodbine.\" Woodbine Cemetery. http://woodbinecemetery.org/about-woodbine/ (Accessed September 19, 2018).\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eMoore, Robert H. \"The Woodbine Cemetery.\" Historical Marker Database, February 26, 2009. https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=16486 (Accessed September 19, 2018).\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Liskey, Nelson J. \"History of Woodbine Cemetery,\" Harrisonburg, VA. 1998.","\"About Woodbine.\" Woodbine Cemetery. http://woodbinecemetery.org/about-woodbine/ (Accessed September 19, 2018).","Moore, Robert H. \"The Woodbine Cemetery.\" Historical Marker Database, February 26, 2009. https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=16486 (Accessed September 19, 2018)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWoodbine Cemetery Company was founded on March 19, 1850 by the Virginia General Assembly, as a non-denominational burial ground in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The first land for the cemetery was purchased seven months later, on October 11, 1850, from Harrisonburg's first mayor, Isaac Hardesty, who sold 2½ acres to the cemetery company. It has continued to expand in size over the years, and the current grounds cover about 18 acres. Woodbine Cemetery contains roughly 11,550 burial plots with approximately 9,000 interred.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSoon after the Civil War, the cemetery created an area dedicated to Confederate soldiers and veterans. This section was originally maintained by the Ladies Memorial Association, founded in 1868 with the charge of caring for the graves of Confederate soldiers buried in Rockingham County. The Ladies Memorial Association erected a soldiers monument in 1876, and in 1899 with the aid of the Turner Ashby Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, replaced all wooden head boards with white marble stones. The section was expanded in 1886, when Samuel Shacklett donated a 5 acre-plot, containing land likely already in use as a Confederate cemetery. There are now over 200 Confederate soldier or veterans buried there, representing states of Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, Louisiana, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, Missouri, and Tennessee. The cemetery also contains area known as \"Little Arlington,\" dedicated to those who served in World War I and World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Community Mausoleum was erected in 1926, though there are no records of incorporation until 1936, when it was incorporated as the \"Communal Mausoleum Crypt Owners, Inc.\" In February 2006, the mausoleum merged with Woodbine Cemetery Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to a Woodbine Board of Trustees report dated April 2, 1853, the original cemetery contained plots designated for African Americans, stating, \"…in the rear plats have already been appropriated to single interments, and likewise for the use of colored persons.\" According to Nelson J. Liskey's, \"History of Woodbine Cemetery,\" in 1969, the board adopted a policy that \"no restrictions as to race would be applicable to lot purchasers.\" Certificates of Ownership of Communal Mausoleum Crypts at Woodbine Cemetery state that \"the crypts are for the entombment of the human dead of the Caucasian race only.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSuperintendents of Woodbine Cemetery include, but are not limited to, the following individuals: John Foster (1851), J.P. Hyde (1863), J.E. Good (1880), Bowman Gilmer (1918-1958), Sherman Gilmer (1958-1981), David Schrock (1981-1992), Lisa Batchelder (1992-present).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Woodbine Cemetery Company was founded on March 19, 1850 by the Virginia General Assembly, as a non-denominational burial ground in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The first land for the cemetery was purchased seven months later, on October 11, 1850, from Harrisonburg's first mayor, Isaac Hardesty, who sold 2½ acres to the cemetery company. It has continued to expand in size over the years, and the current grounds cover about 18 acres. Woodbine Cemetery contains roughly 11,550 burial plots with approximately 9,000 interred.","Soon after the Civil War, the cemetery created an area dedicated to Confederate soldiers and veterans. This section was originally maintained by the Ladies Memorial Association, founded in 1868 with the charge of caring for the graves of Confederate soldiers buried in Rockingham County. The Ladies Memorial Association erected a soldiers monument in 1876, and in 1899 with the aid of the Turner Ashby Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, replaced all wooden head boards with white marble stones. The section was expanded in 1886, when Samuel Shacklett donated a 5 acre-plot, containing land likely already in use as a Confederate cemetery. There are now over 200 Confederate soldier or veterans buried there, representing states of Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, Louisiana, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, Missouri, and Tennessee. The cemetery also contains area known as \"Little Arlington,\" dedicated to those who served in World War I and World War II. ","The Community Mausoleum was erected in 1926, though there are no records of incorporation until 1936, when it was incorporated as the \"Communal Mausoleum Crypt Owners, Inc.\" In February 2006, the mausoleum merged with Woodbine Cemetery Company.","According to a Woodbine Board of Trustees report dated April 2, 1853, the original cemetery contained plots designated for African Americans, stating, \"…in the rear plats have already been appropriated to single interments, and likewise for the use of colored persons.\" According to Nelson J. Liskey's, \"History of Woodbine Cemetery,\" in 1969, the board adopted a policy that \"no restrictions as to race would be applicable to lot purchasers.\" Certificates of Ownership of Communal Mausoleum Crypts at Woodbine Cemetery state that \"the crypts are for the entombment of the human dead of the Caucasian race only.\"","Superintendents of Woodbine Cemetery include, but are not limited to, the following individuals: John Foster (1851), J.P. Hyde (1863), J.E. Good (1880), Bowman Gilmer (1918-1958), Sherman Gilmer (1958-1981), David Schrock (1981-1992), Lisa Batchelder (1992-present)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006 (bulk 1940-2006), SC 0236, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006 (bulk 1940-2006), SC 0236, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDue to the lengthy time period covered by this collection, the materials were created, collected and organized by a variety of individuals, and completeness of the records varies. Where possible, the original order and naming conventions were retained. The collection also originally contained various stamps, keys, and other 3-dimensional objects, which were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Due to the lengthy time period covered by this collection, the materials were created, collected and organized by a variety of individuals, and completeness of the records varies. Where possible, the original order and naming conventions were retained. The collection also originally contained various stamps, keys, and other 3-dimensional objects, which were not retained."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006, are comprised of materials related to the operation of Woodbine Cemetery, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The collection includes a wide array of financial and commercial materials, including receipt books and loose receipts, account books, checks, ledgers, bank statements, board minutes and reports, customer correspondence, insurance information, maps, and other materials produced during the course of business, between the 1850s and 2006. This includes records relating to the management of the Woodbine Mausoleum, which existed as a separate entity until 2006, when it was acquired by Woodbine Cemetery. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDue to the lengthy time period covered, the materials were collected and organized by a variety of individuals, and completeness of the records varies. When possible, the original order and naming conventions were retained. The material relates almost exclusively to Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg VA, though some of the ephemera relates to other cemeteries as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial Files, ca. 1840-2006, is comprised of financial documents of various types. These include receipts for materials purchased by the cemetery for operations, including hardware, materials, landscaping services, and other expenses relating to the day-to-day care of the cemetery grounds and buildings. Cemetery account books, receipt books, and ledgers track the income and expenditures of the Cemetery, including payments made to the cemetery for the one-time purchase of plots and ongoing income from perpetual care plots. Additional information includes cemetery tax documents are returns, employee payment and salary information, banking documents (including deposit slips and account statements), donor pledges, and other related documents directly impacting the financial affairs of Woodbine cemetery. Certain folder within this series are restricted, due to the presence of personally identifying information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdministrative Files, ca. 1830-2002, is comprised of documents which record the information used to manage the cemetery. As such, it contains reports and minutes compiled by the cemetery's various treasurers and presidents over the years, information relating to board meetings, insurance policy papers, and other similar documents created in the course of running the business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains material relating to the business side of Woodbine Cemetery from the years 1898-2006. The materials within this series relate to the cemetery's interactions with their customers and patrons. As such, it includes lists of lot owners, deeds, and contact information for customers. Among these materials are documents relating to disputes, and questions arising about specific plots or persons in the cemetery. Also included are newsletters, fund letters, mailing lists, and correspondence generating through interactions with the Harrisonburg community at large.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the information related to the management and fundraising efforts of the Woodbine Community Mausoleum from its founding in 1989 until it was acquired by Woodbine Cemetery in 2006. This includes financial documents, board minutes, owner information, and all other material relating specifically to the Mausoleum. The voided certificates of ownership of communal mausoleum crypts at Woodbine Cemetery, dated 1927-1970, state that \"the crypts are for the entombment of the human dead of the Caucasian race only...\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of general records that were maintained by the cemetery for posterity, including photographs of the cemetery, sesquicentennial celebration information, and various publications and information related to cemeteries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is composed of maps and charts of Woodbine Cemetery and the Mausoleum, which show how the cemetery expanded during the 20\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006, are comprised of materials related to the operation of Woodbine Cemetery, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The collection includes a wide array of financial and commercial materials, including receipt books and loose receipts, account books, checks, ledgers, bank statements, board minutes and reports, customer correspondence, insurance information, maps, and other materials produced during the course of business, between the 1850s and 2006. This includes records relating to the management of the Woodbine Mausoleum, which existed as a separate entity until 2006, when it was acquired by Woodbine Cemetery. ","Due to the lengthy time period covered, the materials were collected and organized by a variety of individuals, and completeness of the records varies. When possible, the original order and naming conventions were retained. The material relates almost exclusively to Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg VA, though some of the ephemera relates to other cemeteries as well.","Financial Files, ca. 1840-2006, is comprised of financial documents of various types. These include receipts for materials purchased by the cemetery for operations, including hardware, materials, landscaping services, and other expenses relating to the day-to-day care of the cemetery grounds and buildings. Cemetery account books, receipt books, and ledgers track the income and expenditures of the Cemetery, including payments made to the cemetery for the one-time purchase of plots and ongoing income from perpetual care plots. Additional information includes cemetery tax documents are returns, employee payment and salary information, banking documents (including deposit slips and account statements), donor pledges, and other related documents directly impacting the financial affairs of Woodbine cemetery. Certain folder within this series are restricted, due to the presence of personally identifying information.","Administrative Files, ca. 1830-2002, is comprised of documents which record the information used to manage the cemetery. As such, it contains reports and minutes compiled by the cemetery's various treasurers and presidents over the years, information relating to board meetings, insurance policy papers, and other similar documents created in the course of running the business.","This series contains material relating to the business side of Woodbine Cemetery from the years 1898-2006. The materials within this series relate to the cemetery's interactions with their customers and patrons. As such, it includes lists of lot owners, deeds, and contact information for customers. Among these materials are documents relating to disputes, and questions arising about specific plots or persons in the cemetery. Also included are newsletters, fund letters, mailing lists, and correspondence generating through interactions with the Harrisonburg community at large.","This series contains the information related to the management and fundraising efforts of the Woodbine Community Mausoleum from its founding in 1989 until it was acquired by Woodbine Cemetery in 2006. This includes financial documents, board minutes, owner information, and all other material relating specifically to the Mausoleum. The voided certificates of ownership of communal mausoleum crypts at Woodbine Cemetery, dated 1927-1970, state that \"the crypts are for the entombment of the human dead of the Caucasian race only...\".","This series is comprised of general records that were maintained by the cemetery for posterity, including photographs of the cemetery, sesquicentennial celebration information, and various publications and information related to cemeteries.","This series is composed of maps and charts of Woodbine Cemetery and the Mausoleum, which show how the cemetery expanded during the 20 th  century."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA copy of the book, \"Beautiful Thornrose,\" edited by Arista Hoge (Staunton, VA: Press of the McClure Co., 1914), was separated from the collection, and is housed in Special Collections Monographs, F234.S8 B4 1914.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A copy of the book, \"Beautiful Thornrose,\" edited by Arista Hoge (Staunton, VA: Press of the McClure Co., 1914), was separated from the collection, and is housed in Special Collections Monographs, F234.S8 B4 1914."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0421d1cf9d4c8ba636671e114731d266\"\u003eThe Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006, consist of materials relating to the operation of Woodbine Cemetery, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The collection includes a wide array of financial and commercial materials, including receipt books and loose receipts, account books, checks, ledgers, bank statements, board minutes and reports, customer correspondence, insurance information, maps, and other materials produced during the course of business over approximately the past 150 years.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006, consist of materials relating to the operation of Woodbine Cemetery, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The collection includes a wide array of financial and commercial materials, including receipt books and loose receipts, account books, checks, ledgers, bank statements, board minutes and reports, customer correspondence, insurance information, maps, and other materials produced during the course of business over approximately the past 150 years."],"names_coll_ssim":["Woodbine Cemetery"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Woodbine Cemetery"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Woodbine Cemetery"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":557,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:23:48.473Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_505","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_505","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_505","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_505","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_505.xml","title_ssm":["Woodbine Cemetery Records"],"title_tesim":["Woodbine Cemetery Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1830-2006","1940-2006"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1830-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0236","/repositories/4/resources/505"],"text":["SC 0236","/repositories/4/resources/505","Woodbine Cemetery Records","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Minutes (administrative records)","Maps (documents)","Plats (maps)","Checks (bank checks)","Directories","Ledgers (account books)","Administrative reports","Letters (correspondence)","Deeds","Parts of the collection are restricted, due to the presence of personally identifying information. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","The collection is arranged in six series. Broadly speaking, each series is arranged first by the type of material, and then chronologically within these broader categories. Exceptions to this arrangement were made in order to pay respects to the original order, as well as when precise dates could not be readily determined.","Financial Files, circa 1840-2006 (bulk 1890-2006) Administrative Files, 1853-2002 Business Records, 1898-2006 Mausoleum Records, 1924-2006 Ephemera, 1985-2000 Maps, 1913-1966","Liskey, Nelson J. \"History of Woodbine Cemetery,\" Harrisonburg, VA. 1998.","\"About Woodbine.\" Woodbine Cemetery. http://woodbinecemetery.org/about-woodbine/ (Accessed September 19, 2018).","Moore, Robert H. \"The Woodbine Cemetery.\" Historical Marker Database, February 26, 2009. https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=16486 (Accessed September 19, 2018).","Woodbine Cemetery Company was founded on March 19, 1850 by the Virginia General Assembly, as a non-denominational burial ground in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The first land for the cemetery was purchased seven months later, on October 11, 1850, from Harrisonburg's first mayor, Isaac Hardesty, who sold 2½ acres to the cemetery company. It has continued to expand in size over the years, and the current grounds cover about 18 acres. Woodbine Cemetery contains roughly 11,550 burial plots with approximately 9,000 interred.","Soon after the Civil War, the cemetery created an area dedicated to Confederate soldiers and veterans. This section was originally maintained by the Ladies Memorial Association, founded in 1868 with the charge of caring for the graves of Confederate soldiers buried in Rockingham County. The Ladies Memorial Association erected a soldiers monument in 1876, and in 1899 with the aid of the Turner Ashby Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, replaced all wooden head boards with white marble stones. The section was expanded in 1886, when Samuel Shacklett donated a 5 acre-plot, containing land likely already in use as a Confederate cemetery. There are now over 200 Confederate soldier or veterans buried there, representing states of Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, Louisiana, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, Missouri, and Tennessee. The cemetery also contains area known as \"Little Arlington,\" dedicated to those who served in World War I and World War II. ","The Community Mausoleum was erected in 1926, though there are no records of incorporation until 1936, when it was incorporated as the \"Communal Mausoleum Crypt Owners, Inc.\" In February 2006, the mausoleum merged with Woodbine Cemetery Company.","According to a Woodbine Board of Trustees report dated April 2, 1853, the original cemetery contained plots designated for African Americans, stating, \"…in the rear plats have already been appropriated to single interments, and likewise for the use of colored persons.\" According to Nelson J. Liskey's, \"History of Woodbine Cemetery,\" in 1969, the board adopted a policy that \"no restrictions as to race would be applicable to lot purchasers.\" Certificates of Ownership of Communal Mausoleum Crypts at Woodbine Cemetery state that \"the crypts are for the entombment of the human dead of the Caucasian race only.\"","Superintendents of Woodbine Cemetery include, but are not limited to, the following individuals: John Foster (1851), J.P. Hyde (1863), J.E. Good (1880), Bowman Gilmer (1918-1958), Sherman Gilmer (1958-1981), David Schrock (1981-1992), Lisa Batchelder (1992-present).","Due to the lengthy time period covered by this collection, the materials were created, collected and organized by a variety of individuals, and completeness of the records varies. Where possible, the original order and naming conventions were retained. The collection also originally contained various stamps, keys, and other 3-dimensional objects, which were not retained.","The Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006, are comprised of materials related to the operation of Woodbine Cemetery, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The collection includes a wide array of financial and commercial materials, including receipt books and loose receipts, account books, checks, ledgers, bank statements, board minutes and reports, customer correspondence, insurance information, maps, and other materials produced during the course of business, between the 1850s and 2006. This includes records relating to the management of the Woodbine Mausoleum, which existed as a separate entity until 2006, when it was acquired by Woodbine Cemetery. ","Due to the lengthy time period covered, the materials were collected and organized by a variety of individuals, and completeness of the records varies. When possible, the original order and naming conventions were retained. The material relates almost exclusively to Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg VA, though some of the ephemera relates to other cemeteries as well.","Financial Files, ca. 1840-2006, is comprised of financial documents of various types. These include receipts for materials purchased by the cemetery for operations, including hardware, materials, landscaping services, and other expenses relating to the day-to-day care of the cemetery grounds and buildings. Cemetery account books, receipt books, and ledgers track the income and expenditures of the Cemetery, including payments made to the cemetery for the one-time purchase of plots and ongoing income from perpetual care plots. Additional information includes cemetery tax documents are returns, employee payment and salary information, banking documents (including deposit slips and account statements), donor pledges, and other related documents directly impacting the financial affairs of Woodbine cemetery. Certain folder within this series are restricted, due to the presence of personally identifying information.","Administrative Files, ca. 1830-2002, is comprised of documents which record the information used to manage the cemetery. As such, it contains reports and minutes compiled by the cemetery's various treasurers and presidents over the years, information relating to board meetings, insurance policy papers, and other similar documents created in the course of running the business.","This series contains material relating to the business side of Woodbine Cemetery from the years 1898-2006. The materials within this series relate to the cemetery's interactions with their customers and patrons. As such, it includes lists of lot owners, deeds, and contact information for customers. Among these materials are documents relating to disputes, and questions arising about specific plots or persons in the cemetery. Also included are newsletters, fund letters, mailing lists, and correspondence generating through interactions with the Harrisonburg community at large.","This series contains the information related to the management and fundraising efforts of the Woodbine Community Mausoleum from its founding in 1989 until it was acquired by Woodbine Cemetery in 2006. This includes financial documents, board minutes, owner information, and all other material relating specifically to the Mausoleum. The voided certificates of ownership of communal mausoleum crypts at Woodbine Cemetery, dated 1927-1970, state that \"the crypts are for the entombment of the human dead of the Caucasian race only...\".","This series is comprised of general records that were maintained by the cemetery for posterity, including photographs of the cemetery, sesquicentennial celebration information, and various publications and information related to cemeteries.","This series is composed of maps and charts of Woodbine Cemetery and the Mausoleum, which show how the cemetery expanded during the 20 th  century.","A copy of the book, \"Beautiful Thornrose,\" edited by Arista Hoge (Staunton, VA: Press of the McClure Co., 1914), was separated from the collection, and is housed in Special Collections Monographs, F234.S8 B4 1914.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006, consist of materials relating to the operation of Woodbine Cemetery, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The collection includes a wide array of financial and commercial materials, including receipt books and loose receipts, account books, checks, ledgers, bank statements, board minutes and reports, customer correspondence, insurance information, maps, and other materials produced during the course of business over approximately the past 150 years.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Woodbine Cemetery","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0236","/repositories/4/resources/505"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Woodbine Cemetery Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Woodbine Cemetery Records"],"collection_ssim":["Woodbine Cemetery Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Woodbine Cemetery","Woodbine Cemetery"],"creator_ssim":["Woodbine Cemetery","Woodbine Cemetery"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Woodbine Cemetery","Woodbine Cemetery"],"creators_ssim":["Woodbine Cemetery","Woodbine Cemetery"],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Charlie Chenault, Woodbine Cemetery Board of Trustees, Secretary/Treasurer, on August 27, 2015. Additions were made by Lisa Batchelder, superintendent of Woodbine Cemetery, in September and October 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Minutes (administrative records)","Maps (documents)","Plats (maps)","Checks (bank checks)","Directories","Ledgers (account books)","Administrative reports","Letters (correspondence)","Deeds"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Cemeteries -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Minutes (administrative records)","Maps (documents)","Plats (maps)","Checks (bank checks)","Directories","Ledgers (account books)","Administrative reports","Letters (correspondence)","Deeds"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26.17 cubic feet 74 boxes, 6 flat files"],"extent_tesim":["26.17 cubic feet 74 boxes, 6 flat files"],"genreform_ssim":["Financial Records","Receipts (financial records)","Minutes (administrative records)","Maps (documents)","Plats (maps)","Checks (bank checks)","Directories","Ledgers (account books)","Administrative reports","Letters (correspondence)","Deeds"],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eParts of the collection are restricted, due to the presence of personally identifying information. 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Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Parts of the collection are restricted, due to the presence of personally identifying information. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted","Restricted"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in six series. Broadly speaking, each series is arranged first by the type of material, and then chronologically within these broader categories. Exceptions to this arrangement were made in order to pay respects to the original order, as well as when precise dates could not be readily determined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFinancial Files, circa 1840-2006 (bulk 1890-2006)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Files, 1853-2002\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBusiness Records, 1898-2006\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMausoleum Records, 1924-2006\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1985-2000\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMaps, 1913-1966\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in six series. Broadly speaking, each series is arranged first by the type of material, and then chronologically within these broader categories. Exceptions to this arrangement were made in order to pay respects to the original order, as well as when precise dates could not be readily determined.","Financial Files, circa 1840-2006 (bulk 1890-2006) Administrative Files, 1853-2002 Business Records, 1898-2006 Mausoleum Records, 1924-2006 Ephemera, 1985-2000 Maps, 1913-1966"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eLiskey, Nelson J. \"History of Woodbine Cemetery,\" Harrisonburg, VA. 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"About Woodbine.\" Woodbine Cemetery. http://woodbinecemetery.org/about-woodbine/ (Accessed September 19, 2018).\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eMoore, Robert H. \"The Woodbine Cemetery.\" Historical Marker Database, February 26, 2009. https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=16486 (Accessed September 19, 2018).\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Liskey, Nelson J. \"History of Woodbine Cemetery,\" Harrisonburg, VA. 1998.","\"About Woodbine.\" Woodbine Cemetery. http://woodbinecemetery.org/about-woodbine/ (Accessed September 19, 2018).","Moore, Robert H. \"The Woodbine Cemetery.\" Historical Marker Database, February 26, 2009. https://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=16486 (Accessed September 19, 2018)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWoodbine Cemetery Company was founded on March 19, 1850 by the Virginia General Assembly, as a non-denominational burial ground in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The first land for the cemetery was purchased seven months later, on October 11, 1850, from Harrisonburg's first mayor, Isaac Hardesty, who sold 2½ acres to the cemetery company. It has continued to expand in size over the years, and the current grounds cover about 18 acres. Woodbine Cemetery contains roughly 11,550 burial plots with approximately 9,000 interred.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSoon after the Civil War, the cemetery created an area dedicated to Confederate soldiers and veterans. This section was originally maintained by the Ladies Memorial Association, founded in 1868 with the charge of caring for the graves of Confederate soldiers buried in Rockingham County. The Ladies Memorial Association erected a soldiers monument in 1876, and in 1899 with the aid of the Turner Ashby Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, replaced all wooden head boards with white marble stones. The section was expanded in 1886, when Samuel Shacklett donated a 5 acre-plot, containing land likely already in use as a Confederate cemetery. There are now over 200 Confederate soldier or veterans buried there, representing states of Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, Louisiana, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, Missouri, and Tennessee. The cemetery also contains area known as \"Little Arlington,\" dedicated to those who served in World War I and World War II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Community Mausoleum was erected in 1926, though there are no records of incorporation until 1936, when it was incorporated as the \"Communal Mausoleum Crypt Owners, Inc.\" In February 2006, the mausoleum merged with Woodbine Cemetery Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to a Woodbine Board of Trustees report dated April 2, 1853, the original cemetery contained plots designated for African Americans, stating, \"…in the rear plats have already been appropriated to single interments, and likewise for the use of colored persons.\" According to Nelson J. Liskey's, \"History of Woodbine Cemetery,\" in 1969, the board adopted a policy that \"no restrictions as to race would be applicable to lot purchasers.\" Certificates of Ownership of Communal Mausoleum Crypts at Woodbine Cemetery state that \"the crypts are for the entombment of the human dead of the Caucasian race only.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSuperintendents of Woodbine Cemetery include, but are not limited to, the following individuals: John Foster (1851), J.P. Hyde (1863), J.E. Good (1880), Bowman Gilmer (1918-1958), Sherman Gilmer (1958-1981), David Schrock (1981-1992), Lisa Batchelder (1992-present).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Woodbine Cemetery Company was founded on March 19, 1850 by the Virginia General Assembly, as a non-denominational burial ground in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The first land for the cemetery was purchased seven months later, on October 11, 1850, from Harrisonburg's first mayor, Isaac Hardesty, who sold 2½ acres to the cemetery company. It has continued to expand in size over the years, and the current grounds cover about 18 acres. Woodbine Cemetery contains roughly 11,550 burial plots with approximately 9,000 interred.","Soon after the Civil War, the cemetery created an area dedicated to Confederate soldiers and veterans. This section was originally maintained by the Ladies Memorial Association, founded in 1868 with the charge of caring for the graves of Confederate soldiers buried in Rockingham County. The Ladies Memorial Association erected a soldiers monument in 1876, and in 1899 with the aid of the Turner Ashby Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, replaced all wooden head boards with white marble stones. The section was expanded in 1886, when Samuel Shacklett donated a 5 acre-plot, containing land likely already in use as a Confederate cemetery. There are now over 200 Confederate soldier or veterans buried there, representing states of Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, Louisiana, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, Missouri, and Tennessee. The cemetery also contains area known as \"Little Arlington,\" dedicated to those who served in World War I and World War II. ","The Community Mausoleum was erected in 1926, though there are no records of incorporation until 1936, when it was incorporated as the \"Communal Mausoleum Crypt Owners, Inc.\" In February 2006, the mausoleum merged with Woodbine Cemetery Company.","According to a Woodbine Board of Trustees report dated April 2, 1853, the original cemetery contained plots designated for African Americans, stating, \"…in the rear plats have already been appropriated to single interments, and likewise for the use of colored persons.\" According to Nelson J. Liskey's, \"History of Woodbine Cemetery,\" in 1969, the board adopted a policy that \"no restrictions as to race would be applicable to lot purchasers.\" Certificates of Ownership of Communal Mausoleum Crypts at Woodbine Cemetery state that \"the crypts are for the entombment of the human dead of the Caucasian race only.\"","Superintendents of Woodbine Cemetery include, but are not limited to, the following individuals: John Foster (1851), J.P. Hyde (1863), J.E. Good (1880), Bowman Gilmer (1918-1958), Sherman Gilmer (1958-1981), David Schrock (1981-1992), Lisa Batchelder (1992-present)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006 (bulk 1940-2006), SC 0236, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006 (bulk 1940-2006), SC 0236, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDue to the lengthy time period covered by this collection, the materials were created, collected and organized by a variety of individuals, and completeness of the records varies. Where possible, the original order and naming conventions were retained. The collection also originally contained various stamps, keys, and other 3-dimensional objects, which were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Due to the lengthy time period covered by this collection, the materials were created, collected and organized by a variety of individuals, and completeness of the records varies. Where possible, the original order and naming conventions were retained. The collection also originally contained various stamps, keys, and other 3-dimensional objects, which were not retained."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006, are comprised of materials related to the operation of Woodbine Cemetery, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The collection includes a wide array of financial and commercial materials, including receipt books and loose receipts, account books, checks, ledgers, bank statements, board minutes and reports, customer correspondence, insurance information, maps, and other materials produced during the course of business, between the 1850s and 2006. This includes records relating to the management of the Woodbine Mausoleum, which existed as a separate entity until 2006, when it was acquired by Woodbine Cemetery. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDue to the lengthy time period covered, the materials were collected and organized by a variety of individuals, and completeness of the records varies. When possible, the original order and naming conventions were retained. The material relates almost exclusively to Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg VA, though some of the ephemera relates to other cemeteries as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial Files, ca. 1840-2006, is comprised of financial documents of various types. These include receipts for materials purchased by the cemetery for operations, including hardware, materials, landscaping services, and other expenses relating to the day-to-day care of the cemetery grounds and buildings. Cemetery account books, receipt books, and ledgers track the income and expenditures of the Cemetery, including payments made to the cemetery for the one-time purchase of plots and ongoing income from perpetual care plots. Additional information includes cemetery tax documents are returns, employee payment and salary information, banking documents (including deposit slips and account statements), donor pledges, and other related documents directly impacting the financial affairs of Woodbine cemetery. Certain folder within this series are restricted, due to the presence of personally identifying information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdministrative Files, ca. 1830-2002, is comprised of documents which record the information used to manage the cemetery. As such, it contains reports and minutes compiled by the cemetery's various treasurers and presidents over the years, information relating to board meetings, insurance policy papers, and other similar documents created in the course of running the business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains material relating to the business side of Woodbine Cemetery from the years 1898-2006. The materials within this series relate to the cemetery's interactions with their customers and patrons. As such, it includes lists of lot owners, deeds, and contact information for customers. Among these materials are documents relating to disputes, and questions arising about specific plots or persons in the cemetery. Also included are newsletters, fund letters, mailing lists, and correspondence generating through interactions with the Harrisonburg community at large.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the information related to the management and fundraising efforts of the Woodbine Community Mausoleum from its founding in 1989 until it was acquired by Woodbine Cemetery in 2006. This includes financial documents, board minutes, owner information, and all other material relating specifically to the Mausoleum. The voided certificates of ownership of communal mausoleum crypts at Woodbine Cemetery, dated 1927-1970, state that \"the crypts are for the entombment of the human dead of the Caucasian race only...\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of general records that were maintained by the cemetery for posterity, including photographs of the cemetery, sesquicentennial celebration information, and various publications and information related to cemeteries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is composed of maps and charts of Woodbine Cemetery and the Mausoleum, which show how the cemetery expanded during the 20\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006, are comprised of materials related to the operation of Woodbine Cemetery, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The collection includes a wide array of financial and commercial materials, including receipt books and loose receipts, account books, checks, ledgers, bank statements, board minutes and reports, customer correspondence, insurance information, maps, and other materials produced during the course of business, between the 1850s and 2006. This includes records relating to the management of the Woodbine Mausoleum, which existed as a separate entity until 2006, when it was acquired by Woodbine Cemetery. ","Due to the lengthy time period covered, the materials were collected and organized by a variety of individuals, and completeness of the records varies. When possible, the original order and naming conventions were retained. The material relates almost exclusively to Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg VA, though some of the ephemera relates to other cemeteries as well.","Financial Files, ca. 1840-2006, is comprised of financial documents of various types. These include receipts for materials purchased by the cemetery for operations, including hardware, materials, landscaping services, and other expenses relating to the day-to-day care of the cemetery grounds and buildings. Cemetery account books, receipt books, and ledgers track the income and expenditures of the Cemetery, including payments made to the cemetery for the one-time purchase of plots and ongoing income from perpetual care plots. Additional information includes cemetery tax documents are returns, employee payment and salary information, banking documents (including deposit slips and account statements), donor pledges, and other related documents directly impacting the financial affairs of Woodbine cemetery. Certain folder within this series are restricted, due to the presence of personally identifying information.","Administrative Files, ca. 1830-2002, is comprised of documents which record the information used to manage the cemetery. As such, it contains reports and minutes compiled by the cemetery's various treasurers and presidents over the years, information relating to board meetings, insurance policy papers, and other similar documents created in the course of running the business.","This series contains material relating to the business side of Woodbine Cemetery from the years 1898-2006. The materials within this series relate to the cemetery's interactions with their customers and patrons. As such, it includes lists of lot owners, deeds, and contact information for customers. Among these materials are documents relating to disputes, and questions arising about specific plots or persons in the cemetery. Also included are newsletters, fund letters, mailing lists, and correspondence generating through interactions with the Harrisonburg community at large.","This series contains the information related to the management and fundraising efforts of the Woodbine Community Mausoleum from its founding in 1989 until it was acquired by Woodbine Cemetery in 2006. This includes financial documents, board minutes, owner information, and all other material relating specifically to the Mausoleum. The voided certificates of ownership of communal mausoleum crypts at Woodbine Cemetery, dated 1927-1970, state that \"the crypts are for the entombment of the human dead of the Caucasian race only...\".","This series is comprised of general records that were maintained by the cemetery for posterity, including photographs of the cemetery, sesquicentennial celebration information, and various publications and information related to cemeteries.","This series is composed of maps and charts of Woodbine Cemetery and the Mausoleum, which show how the cemetery expanded during the 20 th  century."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA copy of the book, \"Beautiful Thornrose,\" edited by Arista Hoge (Staunton, VA: Press of the McClure Co., 1914), was separated from the collection, and is housed in Special Collections Monographs, F234.S8 B4 1914.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A copy of the book, \"Beautiful Thornrose,\" edited by Arista Hoge (Staunton, VA: Press of the McClure Co., 1914), was separated from the collection, and is housed in Special Collections Monographs, F234.S8 B4 1914."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Staff have taken special care to identify and remove sensitive materials. However, in rare instances, privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0421d1cf9d4c8ba636671e114731d266\"\u003eThe Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006, consist of materials relating to the operation of Woodbine Cemetery, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The collection includes a wide array of financial and commercial materials, including receipt books and loose receipts, account books, checks, ledgers, bank statements, board minutes and reports, customer correspondence, insurance information, maps, and other materials produced during the course of business over approximately the past 150 years.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Woodbine Cemetery Records, circa 1830-2006, consist of materials relating to the operation of Woodbine Cemetery, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The collection includes a wide array of financial and commercial materials, including receipt books and loose receipts, account books, checks, ledgers, bank statements, board minutes and reports, customer correspondence, insurance information, maps, and other materials produced during the course of business over approximately the past 150 years."],"names_coll_ssim":["Woodbine Cemetery"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Woodbine Cemetery"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Woodbine Cemetery"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":557,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:23:48.473Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_505"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Minutes+%28administrative+records%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Minutes+%28administrative+records%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger","value":"Copp's Schoolhouse Notebook and Ledger","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Minutes+%28administrative+records%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Copp%27s+Schoolhouse+Notebook+and+Ledger\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection","value":"Harrisonburg Historic Map Collection","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Minutes+%28administrative+records%29\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+Historic+Map+Collection\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1906\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. 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