{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Military+commissions\u0026page=3\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Military+commissions\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Military+commissions\u0026page=4\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Military+commissions\u0026page=4\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":3,"next_page":4,"prev_page":2,"total_pages":4,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":20,"total_count":35,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John J. Clarke Civil War papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Clarke, John J., ?-1889?","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe John J. Clarke Civil War papers consist of documents, including commissions, military orders, correspondence, and dispatches that relate to activities in and around Charleston, South Carolina during the period of 1864 to 1865. One letter (dated February 4, 1865) to Colonel Clarke from Headquarters discusses proposed training of African-American troops in the Confederate States of America Corps of Engineers.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_604.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00019.xml","title_ssm":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers"],"title_tesim":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0112","/repositories/3/resources/604"],"text":["MS.0112","/repositories/3/resources/604","John J. Clarke Civil War papers","Confederate States of America. Army—Corps of Engineers","Charleston (S.C.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—African Americans","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Military commissions","Receipts (financial records)","Correspondence","Muster rolls","Dispatches","Orders (military records)","There are no restrictions.","The John J. Clarke Civil War papers are available  online .","Little is known about the personal history of John J. Clarke. His date and place of birth are unknown. During the pre-Civil War years he was employed as a civil engineer. In April 1861, he commissioned as a captain in the Confederate Army Engineer Corps and served as an engineer until the end of the Civil War, rising to the rank of colonel.","By 1864 Clarke was the Chief Engineer for the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. At the War's end, he settled in Georgia, where he was Superintendent of the Georgia Central Railroad. Records indicate that he was living in Savannah in 1868. He died circa 1889 in an accident in New Jersey.","The John J. Clarke Civil War papers consist of documents, including commissions, military orders, correspondence, and dispatches that relate to activities in and around Charleston, South Carolina during the period of 1864 to 1865. One letter (dated February 4, 1865) to Colonel Clarke from Headquarters discusses proposed training of African-American troops in the Confederate States of America Corps of Engineers.","Commission document by Provisional Army of Virginia that commissions John J. Clarke as a first lieutenant. The document is signed by Governor John Letcher.","Issued by the Confederate States of America War Department. The document appoints John J. Clarke as Captain, Corps of Engineers, Provisional Army Confederate States.","A general order that appoints John J. Clarke as Chief Engineer, Peninsula Department, by order of General John B. Magruder.","Dispatch remarks that \"In prosecuting the work of obstructing James River\nyou [John J. Clarke] are authorized to seize for the Confederate States\nany vessels in the river which you may need....\".","Dispatch regards the construction of a bridge.","Written from Charleston, South Carolina. Letter requests that \"Co. B., 23rd Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, Elliott's Brigade, now serving near Petersburg, be ordered to report to me here, for service on boats supplying Fort Sumter.\"","Written from Savannah, Georgia. Letter thanks John J. Clarke for his gift of a pair of spurs.","Letter conveys General Robert E. Lee's opinion about John J. Clarke's plan for training of African-American troops in the Engineer Corps.","Written from from Headquarters, Charleston, South Carolina (Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida). This document is a confidential detailed directive regarding the withdrawal of troops and materials from Charleston, harbor forts, and on the defensive lines.","Document titled \"Engineer Officers and Acting Engineers now on duty with Major John McCrady, Acting Chief Engineer.\"","A financial reciept for one horse.","Written from Chesterville, South Carolina by Captian [Smith?]. Letter regards duty assignments of various officers as well as a surveying and mapping project.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. 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Army—Corps of Engineers","Charleston (S.C.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—African Americans","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Military commissions","Receipts (financial records)","Correspondence","Muster rolls","Dispatches","Orders (military records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. 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Clarke Civil War papers are available \u003ca href=\"https://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/digital/collection/p15821coll11/id/4297\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["The John J. Clarke Civil War papers are available  online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLittle is known about the personal history of John J. Clarke. His date and place of birth are unknown. During the pre-Civil War years he was employed as a civil engineer. In April 1861, he commissioned as a captain in the Confederate Army Engineer Corps and served as an engineer until the end of the Civil War, rising to the rank of colonel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy 1864 Clarke was the Chief Engineer for the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. At the War's end, he settled in Georgia, where he was Superintendent of the Georgia Central Railroad. Records indicate that he was living in Savannah in 1868. He died circa 1889 in an accident in New Jersey.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Little is known about the personal history of John J. Clarke. His date and place of birth are unknown. During the pre-Civil War years he was employed as a civil engineer. In April 1861, he commissioned as a captain in the Confederate Army Engineer Corps and served as an engineer until the end of the Civil War, rising to the rank of colonel.","By 1864 Clarke was the Chief Engineer for the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. At the War's end, he settled in Georgia, where he was Superintendent of the Georgia Central Railroad. Records indicate that he was living in Savannah in 1868. He died circa 1889 in an accident in New Jersey."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn J. Clarke Civil War papers, 1861-1865. MS 0112. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers, 1861-1865. MS 0112. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John J. Clarke Civil War papers consist of documents, including commissions, military orders, correspondence, and dispatches that relate to activities in and around Charleston, South Carolina during the period of 1864 to 1865. One letter (dated February 4, 1865) to Colonel Clarke from Headquarters discusses proposed training of African-American troops in the Confederate States of America Corps of Engineers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommission document by Provisional Army of Virginia that commissions John J. Clarke as a first lieutenant. The document is signed by Governor John Letcher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIssued by the Confederate States of America War Department. The document appoints John J. 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Lee's opinion about John J. Clarke's plan for training of African-American troops in the Engineer Corps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from from Headquarters, Charleston, South Carolina (Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida). This document is a confidential detailed directive regarding the withdrawal of troops and materials from Charleston, harbor forts, and on the defensive lines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument titled \"Engineer Officers and Acting Engineers now on duty with Major John McCrady, Acting Chief Engineer.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA financial reciept for one horse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Chesterville, South Carolina by Captian [Smith?]. Letter regards duty assignments of various officers as well as a surveying and mapping project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John J. Clarke Civil War papers consist of documents, including commissions, military orders, correspondence, and dispatches that relate to activities in and around Charleston, South Carolina during the period of 1864 to 1865. One letter (dated February 4, 1865) to Colonel Clarke from Headquarters discusses proposed training of African-American troops in the Confederate States of America Corps of Engineers.","Commission document by Provisional Army of Virginia that commissions John J. Clarke as a first lieutenant. The document is signed by Governor John Letcher.","Issued by the Confederate States of America War Department. The document appoints John J. Clarke as Captain, Corps of Engineers, Provisional Army Confederate States.","A general order that appoints John J. Clarke as Chief Engineer, Peninsula Department, by order of General John B. Magruder.","Dispatch remarks that \"In prosecuting the work of obstructing James River\nyou [John J. Clarke] are authorized to seize for the Confederate States\nany vessels in the river which you may need....\".","Dispatch regards the construction of a bridge.","Written from Charleston, South Carolina. Letter requests that \"Co. B., 23rd Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, Elliott's Brigade, now serving near Petersburg, be ordered to report to me here, for service on boats supplying Fort Sumter.\"","Written from Savannah, Georgia. Letter thanks John J. Clarke for his gift of a pair of spurs.","Letter conveys General Robert E. Lee's opinion about John J. Clarke's plan for training of African-American troops in the Engineer Corps.","Written from from Headquarters, Charleston, South Carolina (Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida). This document is a confidential detailed directive regarding the withdrawal of troops and materials from Charleston, harbor forts, and on the defensive lines.","Document titled \"Engineer Officers and Acting Engineers now on duty with Major John McCrady, Acting Chief Engineer.\"","A financial reciept for one horse.","Written from Chesterville, South Carolina by Captian [Smith?]. Letter regards duty assignments of various officers as well as a surveying and mapping project."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. 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Clarke Civil War papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0112","/repositories/3/resources/604"],"text":["MS.0112","/repositories/3/resources/604","John J. Clarke Civil War papers","Confederate States of America. Army—Corps of Engineers","Charleston (S.C.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—African Americans","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Military commissions","Receipts (financial records)","Correspondence","Muster rolls","Dispatches","Orders (military records)","There are no restrictions.","The John J. Clarke Civil War papers are available  online .","Little is known about the personal history of John J. Clarke. His date and place of birth are unknown. During the pre-Civil War years he was employed as a civil engineer. 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Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Clarke, John J., ?-1889?","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Beauregard, G. T. (Gustave Toutant), 1818-1893","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0112","/repositories/3/resources/604"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers"],"collection_ssim":["John J. 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Clarke Civil War papers are available \u003ca href=\"https://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/digital/collection/p15821coll11/id/4297\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["The John J. Clarke Civil War papers are available  online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLittle is known about the personal history of John J. Clarke. His date and place of birth are unknown. During the pre-Civil War years he was employed as a civil engineer. In April 1861, he commissioned as a captain in the Confederate Army Engineer Corps and served as an engineer until the end of the Civil War, rising to the rank of colonel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy 1864 Clarke was the Chief Engineer for the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. At the War's end, he settled in Georgia, where he was Superintendent of the Georgia Central Railroad. Records indicate that he was living in Savannah in 1868. He died circa 1889 in an accident in New Jersey.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Little is known about the personal history of John J. Clarke. His date and place of birth are unknown. During the pre-Civil War years he was employed as a civil engineer. In April 1861, he commissioned as a captain in the Confederate Army Engineer Corps and served as an engineer until the end of the Civil War, rising to the rank of colonel.","By 1864 Clarke was the Chief Engineer for the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. At the War's end, he settled in Georgia, where he was Superintendent of the Georgia Central Railroad. Records indicate that he was living in Savannah in 1868. He died circa 1889 in an accident in New Jersey."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn J. Clarke Civil War papers, 1861-1865. MS 0112. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers, 1861-1865. MS 0112. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John J. Clarke Civil War papers consist of documents, including commissions, military orders, correspondence, and dispatches that relate to activities in and around Charleston, South Carolina during the period of 1864 to 1865. One letter (dated February 4, 1865) to Colonel Clarke from Headquarters discusses proposed training of African-American troops in the Confederate States of America Corps of Engineers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommission document by Provisional Army of Virginia that commissions John J. Clarke as a first lieutenant. The document is signed by Governor John Letcher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIssued by the Confederate States of America War Department. The document appoints John J. 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Lee's opinion about John J. Clarke's plan for training of African-American troops in the Engineer Corps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from from Headquarters, Charleston, South Carolina (Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida). This document is a confidential detailed directive regarding the withdrawal of troops and materials from Charleston, harbor forts, and on the defensive lines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument titled \"Engineer Officers and Acting Engineers now on duty with Major John McCrady, Acting Chief Engineer.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA financial reciept for one horse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Chesterville, South Carolina by Captian [Smith?]. Letter regards duty assignments of various officers as well as a surveying and mapping project.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John J. Clarke Civil War papers consist of documents, including commissions, military orders, correspondence, and dispatches that relate to activities in and around Charleston, South Carolina during the period of 1864 to 1865. One letter (dated February 4, 1865) to Colonel Clarke from Headquarters discusses proposed training of African-American troops in the Confederate States of America Corps of Engineers.","Commission document by Provisional Army of Virginia that commissions John J. Clarke as a first lieutenant. The document is signed by Governor John Letcher.","Issued by the Confederate States of America War Department. The document appoints John J. Clarke as Captain, Corps of Engineers, Provisional Army Confederate States.","A general order that appoints John J. Clarke as Chief Engineer, Peninsula Department, by order of General John B. Magruder.","Dispatch remarks that \"In prosecuting the work of obstructing James River\nyou [John J. Clarke] are authorized to seize for the Confederate States\nany vessels in the river which you may need....\".","Dispatch regards the construction of a bridge.","Written from Charleston, South Carolina. Letter requests that \"Co. B., 23rd Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, Elliott's Brigade, now serving near Petersburg, be ordered to report to me here, for service on boats supplying Fort Sumter.\"","Written from Savannah, Georgia. Letter thanks John J. Clarke for his gift of a pair of spurs.","Letter conveys General Robert E. Lee's opinion about John J. Clarke's plan for training of African-American troops in the Engineer Corps.","Written from from Headquarters, Charleston, South Carolina (Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida). This document is a confidential detailed directive regarding the withdrawal of troops and materials from Charleston, harbor forts, and on the defensive lines.","Document titled \"Engineer Officers and Acting Engineers now on duty with Major John McCrady, Acting Chief Engineer.\"","A financial reciept for one horse.","Written from Chesterville, South Carolina by Captian [Smith?]. Letter regards duty assignments of various officers as well as a surveying and mapping project."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. 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The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_641385fcac23a1cfdd2938754e67b360\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Boykin, Maury W. (Maury Wood), 1893-1984"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Boykin, Maury W. (Maury Wood), 1893-1984"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:09:38.121Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_529","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_529","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_529","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_529","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_529.xml","title_ssm":["Maury W. Boykin collection"],"title_tesim":["Maury W. 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He was teacher and civil engineer, and served in the United States Navy during World War I. He was most widely known for his visionary construction plan for the Hampton Roads Tunnel (Virginia). Boykin designed the first tunnel plan in 1923 and, although the tunnel was not actually constructed until the 1950s, much of the modern design paralleled his original plan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Maury W. Boykin (1893-1984) graduated from VMI in 1917. He was teacher and civil engineer, and served in the United States Navy during World War I. He was most widely known for his visionary construction plan for the Hampton Roads Tunnel (Virginia). Boykin designed the first tunnel plan in 1923 and, although the tunnel was not actually constructed until the 1950s, much of the modern design paralleled his original plan."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaury W. Boykin collection, 1917-1923. MS 0449. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Maury W. Boykin collection, 1917-1923. MS 0449. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists primarily of Maury W. Boykins's personal papers, clippings, and other items relating to his 1923 tunnel plan. Also included is his United States Navy commission (dated 1917).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists primarily of Maury W. Boykins's personal papers, clippings, and other items relating to his 1923 tunnel plan. Also included is his United States Navy commission (dated 1917)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_641385fcac23a1cfdd2938754e67b360\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Boykin, Maury W. (Maury Wood), 1893-1984"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Boykin, Maury W. (Maury Wood), 1893-1984"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:09:38.121Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_529"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_439","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Patton Family papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_439#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1833-1864","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_439#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of documents (1855-1924) related to various members of the Patton Family. Primary subjects are the three individuals named George S. Patton (father, son, and grandson) all of whom attended VMI. The papers include: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetters\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiographical information\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBank drafts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommissions\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCivil War manuscripts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA map used by General George S. Patton at the Battle of the Bulge during World War II\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e An inventory is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_439#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_439","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_439","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_439","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_439","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_439.xml","title_ssm":["Patton Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Patton Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1855-1924"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1924"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0360","/repositories/3/resources/439"],"text":["MS.0360","/repositories/3/resources/439","Patton Family papers","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1877","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1907","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1852","Military maps","Military commissions","Correspondence","Manuscripts","There are no restrictions","This map was donated to VMI by one of Patton's staff officers, Colonel M. C. Helfers. He stated that the \"map is one of several which I prepared and kept up to date for General Patton's personal use.\"","This map is associated with photograph # 0003224","This collection consists of documents (1855-1924) related to various members of the Patton Family. Primary subjects are the three individuals named George S. Patton (father, son, and grandson) all of whom attended VMI. The papers include:\n Letters Biographical information Bank drafts Commissions Civil War manuscripts A map used by General George S. Patton at the Battle of the Bulge during World War II \nAn inventory is available upon request.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks and oversized case 2","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1833-1864","Patton, George S., Jr. (George Smith), 1856-1927","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0360","/repositories/3/resources/439"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Patton Family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Patton Family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Patton Family papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1833-1864","Patton, George S., Jr. (George Smith), 1856-1927","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945"],"creator_ssim":["Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1833-1864","Patton, George S., Jr. (George Smith), 1856-1927","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1833-1864","Patton, George S., Jr. (George Smith), 1856-1927","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945"],"creators_ssim":["Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1833-1864","Patton, George S., Jr. (George Smith), 1856-1927","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1877","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1907","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1852","Military maps","Military commissions","Correspondence","Manuscripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1877","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1907","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1852","Military maps","Military commissions","Correspondence","Manuscripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 cubic feet approximately 40 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 cubic feet approximately 40 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Military commissions","Correspondence","Manuscripts"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis map was donated to VMI by one of Patton's staff officers, Colonel M. C. Helfers. He stated that the \"map is one of several which I prepared and kept up to date for General Patton's personal use.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["This map was donated to VMI by one of Patton's staff officers, Colonel M. C. Helfers. He stated that the \"map is one of several which I prepared and kept up to date for General Patton's personal use.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePatton Family papers, 1855-1924. MS 0360. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Patton Family papers, 1855-1924. MS 0360. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/3482\"\u003eThis map is associated with photograph # 0003224\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This map is associated with photograph # 0003224"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of documents (1855-1924) related to various members of the Patton Family. Primary subjects are the three individuals named George S. Patton (father, son, and grandson) all of whom attended VMI. The papers include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetters\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiographical information\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBank drafts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommissions\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCivil War manuscripts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA map used by General George S. Patton at the Battle of the Bulge during World War II\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nAn inventory is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of documents (1855-1924) related to various members of the Patton Family. Primary subjects are the three individuals named George S. Patton (father, son, and grandson) all of whom attended VMI. The papers include:\n Letters Biographical information Bank drafts Commissions Civil War manuscripts A map used by General George S. Patton at the Battle of the Bulge during World War II \nAn inventory is available upon request."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_35cd54f38cfe56e85dde111a9765ec02\"\u003eManuscripts stacks and oversized case 2\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks and oversized case 2"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1833-1864","Patton, George S., Jr. (George Smith), 1856-1927","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1833-1864","Patton, George S., Jr. (George Smith), 1856-1927","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:09:40.745Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_439","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_439","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_439","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_439","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_439.xml","title_ssm":["Patton Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Patton Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1855-1924"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1924"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0360","/repositories/3/resources/439"],"text":["MS.0360","/repositories/3/resources/439","Patton Family papers","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1877","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1907","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1852","Military maps","Military commissions","Correspondence","Manuscripts","There are no restrictions","This map was donated to VMI by one of Patton's staff officers, Colonel M. C. Helfers. He stated that the \"map is one of several which I prepared and kept up to date for General Patton's personal use.\"","This map is associated with photograph # 0003224","This collection consists of documents (1855-1924) related to various members of the Patton Family. Primary subjects are the three individuals named George S. Patton (father, son, and grandson) all of whom attended VMI. The papers include:\n Letters Biographical information Bank drafts Commissions Civil War manuscripts A map used by General George S. Patton at the Battle of the Bulge during World War II \nAn inventory is available upon request.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks and oversized case 2","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1833-1864","Patton, George S., Jr. (George Smith), 1856-1927","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0360","/repositories/3/resources/439"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Patton Family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Patton Family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Patton Family papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1833-1864","Patton, George S., Jr. (George Smith), 1856-1927","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945"],"creator_ssim":["Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1833-1864","Patton, George S., Jr. (George Smith), 1856-1927","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1833-1864","Patton, George S., Jr. (George Smith), 1856-1927","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945"],"creators_ssim":["Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1833-1864","Patton, George S., Jr. (George Smith), 1856-1927","Patton, George S. (George Smith), 1885-1945"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1877","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1907","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1852","Military maps","Military commissions","Correspondence","Manuscripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1877","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1907","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1852","Military maps","Military commissions","Correspondence","Manuscripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 cubic feet approximately 40 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 cubic feet approximately 40 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Military commissions","Correspondence","Manuscripts"],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis map was donated to VMI by one of Patton's staff officers, Colonel M. C. Helfers. He stated that the \"map is one of several which I prepared and kept up to date for General Patton's personal use.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["This map was donated to VMI by one of Patton's staff officers, Colonel M. C. Helfers. He stated that the \"map is one of several which I prepared and kept up to date for General Patton's personal use.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePatton Family papers, 1855-1924. MS 0360. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Patton Family papers, 1855-1924. MS 0360. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/3482\"\u003eThis map is associated with photograph # 0003224\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This map is associated with photograph # 0003224"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of documents (1855-1924) related to various members of the Patton Family. Primary subjects are the three individuals named George S. Patton (father, son, and grandson) all of whom attended VMI. The papers include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetters\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiographical information\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBank drafts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCommissions\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCivil War manuscripts\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA map used by General George S. Patton at the Battle of the Bulge during World War II\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nAn inventory is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of documents (1855-1924) related to various members of the Patton Family. Primary subjects are the three individuals named George S. Patton (father, son, and grandson) all of whom attended VMI. The papers include:\n Letters Biographical information Bank drafts Commissions Civil War manuscripts A map used by General George S. Patton at the Battle of the Bulge during World War II \nAn inventory is available upon request."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_35cd54f38cfe56e85dde111a9765ec02\"\u003eManuscripts stacks and oversized case 2\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks and oversized case 2"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Patton, George S. 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The document is signed by Governor John Letcher.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604_c01","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604_c01"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604_c01","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604","parent_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers"],"text":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers","Provisional Army of Virginia commission document","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Military commissions","English","Commission document by Provisional Army of Virginia that commissions John J. Clarke as a first lieutenant. The document is signed by Governor John Letcher."],"title_filing_ssi":"Provisional Army of Virginia commission document","title_ssm":["Provisional Army of Virginia commission document"],"title_tesim":["Provisional Army of Virginia commission document"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1861 July 8"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Provisional Army of Virginia commission document"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers"],"creator_ssim":["Letcher, John, 1813-1884"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"date_range_isim":[1861],"names_ssim":["Letcher, John, 1813-1884"],"persname_ssim":["Letcher, John, 1813-1884"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Military commissions"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Military commissions"],"language_ssim":["English"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCommission document by Provisional Army of Virginia that commissions John J. Clarke as a first lieutenant. The document is signed by Governor John Letcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Commission document by Provisional Army of Virginia that commissions John J. Clarke as a first lieutenant. The document is signed by Governor John Letcher."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:09:25.369Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_604","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_604.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00019.xml","title_ssm":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers"],"title_tesim":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0112","/repositories/3/resources/604"],"text":["MS.0112","/repositories/3/resources/604","John J. Clarke Civil War papers","Confederate States of America. Army—Corps of Engineers","Charleston (S.C.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—African Americans","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Military commissions","Receipts (financial records)","Correspondence","Muster rolls","Dispatches","Orders (military records)","There are no restrictions.","The John J. Clarke Civil War papers are available  online .","Little is known about the personal history of John J. Clarke. His date and place of birth are unknown. During the pre-Civil War years he was employed as a civil engineer. In April 1861, he commissioned as a captain in the Confederate Army Engineer Corps and served as an engineer until the end of the Civil War, rising to the rank of colonel.","By 1864 Clarke was the Chief Engineer for the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. At the War's end, he settled in Georgia, where he was Superintendent of the Georgia Central Railroad. Records indicate that he was living in Savannah in 1868. He died circa 1889 in an accident in New Jersey.","The John J. Clarke Civil War papers consist of documents, including commissions, military orders, correspondence, and dispatches that relate to activities in and around Charleston, South Carolina during the period of 1864 to 1865. One letter (dated February 4, 1865) to Colonel Clarke from Headquarters discusses proposed training of African-American troops in the Confederate States of America Corps of Engineers.","Commission document by Provisional Army of Virginia that commissions John J. Clarke as a first lieutenant. The document is signed by Governor John Letcher.","Issued by the Confederate States of America War Department. The document appoints John J. Clarke as Captain, Corps of Engineers, Provisional Army Confederate States.","A general order that appoints John J. Clarke as Chief Engineer, Peninsula Department, by order of General John B. Magruder.","Dispatch remarks that \"In prosecuting the work of obstructing James River\nyou [John J. Clarke] are authorized to seize for the Confederate States\nany vessels in the river which you may need....\".","Dispatch regards the construction of a bridge.","Written from Charleston, South Carolina. Letter requests that \"Co. B., 23rd Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, Elliott's Brigade, now serving near Petersburg, be ordered to report to me here, for service on boats supplying Fort Sumter.\"","Written from Savannah, Georgia. Letter thanks John J. Clarke for his gift of a pair of spurs.","Letter conveys General Robert E. Lee's opinion about John J. Clarke's plan for training of African-American troops in the Engineer Corps.","Written from from Headquarters, Charleston, South Carolina (Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida). This document is a confidential detailed directive regarding the withdrawal of troops and materials from Charleston, harbor forts, and on the defensive lines.","Document titled \"Engineer Officers and Acting Engineers now on duty with Major John McCrady, Acting Chief Engineer.\"","A financial reciept for one horse.","Written from Chesterville, South Carolina by Captian [Smith?]. Letter regards duty assignments of various officers as well as a surveying and mapping project.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Clarke, John J., ?-1889?","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Beauregard, G. T. (Gustave Toutant), 1818-1893","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0112","/repositories/3/resources/604"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers"],"collection_ssim":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Clarke, John J., ?-1889?"],"creator_ssim":["Clarke, John J., ?-1889?"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clarke, John J., ?-1889?"],"creators_ssim":["Clarke, John J., ?-1889?"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army—Corps of Engineers","Charleston (S.C.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—African Americans","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Military commissions","Receipts (financial records)","Correspondence","Muster rolls","Dispatches","Orders (military records)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army—Corps of Engineers","Charleston (S.C.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—African Americans","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Military commissions","Receipts (financial records)","Correspondence","Muster rolls","Dispatches","Orders (military records)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12 items"],"extent_tesim":["12 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Military commissions","Receipts (financial records)","Correspondence","Muster rolls","Dispatches","Orders (military records)"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John J. Clarke Civil War papers are available \u003ca href=\"https://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/digital/collection/p15821coll11/id/4297\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["The John J. Clarke Civil War papers are available  online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLittle is known about the personal history of John J. Clarke. His date and place of birth are unknown. During the pre-Civil War years he was employed as a civil engineer. In April 1861, he commissioned as a captain in the Confederate Army Engineer Corps and served as an engineer until the end of the Civil War, rising to the rank of colonel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy 1864 Clarke was the Chief Engineer for the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. At the War's end, he settled in Georgia, where he was Superintendent of the Georgia Central Railroad. Records indicate that he was living in Savannah in 1868. He died circa 1889 in an accident in New Jersey.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Little is known about the personal history of John J. Clarke. His date and place of birth are unknown. During the pre-Civil War years he was employed as a civil engineer. In April 1861, he commissioned as a captain in the Confederate Army Engineer Corps and served as an engineer until the end of the Civil War, rising to the rank of colonel.","By 1864 Clarke was the Chief Engineer for the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. At the War's end, he settled in Georgia, where he was Superintendent of the Georgia Central Railroad. Records indicate that he was living in Savannah in 1868. He died circa 1889 in an accident in New Jersey."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn J. Clarke Civil War papers, 1861-1865. MS 0112. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John J. Clarke Civil War papers, 1861-1865. MS 0112. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John J. Clarke Civil War papers consist of documents, including commissions, military orders, correspondence, and dispatches that relate to activities in and around Charleston, South Carolina during the period of 1864 to 1865. One letter (dated February 4, 1865) to Colonel Clarke from Headquarters discusses proposed training of African-American troops in the Confederate States of America Corps of Engineers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommission document by Provisional Army of Virginia that commissions John J. Clarke as a first lieutenant. The document is signed by Governor John Letcher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIssued by the Confederate States of America War Department. The document appoints John J. Clarke as Captain, Corps of Engineers, Provisional Army Confederate States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA general order that appoints John J. Clarke as Chief Engineer, Peninsula Department, by order of General John B. Magruder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDispatch remarks that \"In prosecuting the work of obstructing James River\nyou [John J. Clarke] are authorized to seize for the Confederate States\nany vessels in the river which you may need....\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDispatch regards the construction of a bridge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Charleston, South Carolina. Letter requests that \"Co. B., 23rd Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, Elliott's Brigade, now serving near Petersburg, be ordered to report to me here, for service on boats supplying Fort Sumter.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Savannah, Georgia. Letter thanks John J. Clarke for his gift of a pair of spurs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter conveys General Robert E. Lee's opinion about John J. Clarke's plan for training of African-American troops in the Engineer Corps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from from Headquarters, Charleston, South Carolina (Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida). This document is a confidential detailed directive regarding the withdrawal of troops and materials from Charleston, harbor forts, and on the defensive lines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument titled \"Engineer Officers and Acting Engineers now on duty with Major John McCrady, Acting Chief Engineer.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA financial reciept for one horse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Chesterville, South Carolina by Captian [Smith?]. 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Clarke's plan for training of African-American troops in the Engineer Corps.","Written from from Headquarters, Charleston, South Carolina (Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida). This document is a confidential detailed directive regarding the withdrawal of troops and materials from Charleston, harbor forts, and on the defensive lines.","Document titled \"Engineer Officers and Acting Engineers now on duty with Major John McCrady, Acting Chief Engineer.\"","A financial reciept for one horse.","Written from Chesterville, South Carolina by Captian [Smith?]. Letter regards duty assignments of various officers as well as a surveying and mapping project."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. 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The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. 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The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Garland, Samuel, Jr., 1830-1862","English \n.    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Butler, Justice of the Peace for Prince William County, certifying that Garland took various prescribed oaths.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of one commission document (dated May 9, 1861) that appoints Samuel Garland, Jr. a Colonel in the Virginia Volunteer Forces. The document is signed by Governor John Letcher. Endorsement on verso by Lewis B. Butler, Justice of the Peace for Prince William County, certifying that Garland took various prescribed oaths.","Commission document appointing Samuel Garland, Jr. Colonel in the Virginia Volunteer Forces. The document is signed by Governor John Letcher. Endorsement on verso by Lewis B. Butler, Justice of the Peace for Prince William County, certifying that Garland took various prescribed oaths."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. 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Brooke papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel S. Brooke papers consist of the personal papers (11 items) Brooke. The papers include five letters (dated 1862-1864) to and from family members that are largely concerned with personal family matters, but include some references to the Civil War and civilian life in Fredericksburg and Richmond, Virginia. Other topics include the 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including comments about camp life.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_606.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00021.xml","title_ssm":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"title_tesim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1917"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1917"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0221","/repositories/3/resources/606"],"text":["MS.0221","/repositories/3/resources/606","Samuel S. Brooke papers","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1861","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 47th","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates","There are no restrictions.","A bulk of the Samuel S. Brooke papers are avaliable  online .","Samuel Selden Brooke was born on November 10, 1841 in Stafford County, Virginia to Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr. and Angelina Edrington. Brooke enrolled at VMI in July 1857 and was a cadet for one year. He subsequently attended the University of Virginia, and in April 1861, he joined the Confederate Army.","In May 1861 Brooke commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant with Company I, 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment. In May 1862 he was promoted to Captain. He served with this unit until the end of the Civil War.","After the War, Brooke resided in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where he studied law and opened a practice. In 1882 he moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where he was a newspaper editor and Clerk of Court. He married Bettie Lewis Young in 1872 and the couple had six children: Samuel, Henry, Edgar, Vena, Sarah, and Cary. Brooke died on January 10, 1918 in Roanoke.","Fredericksburg, April 17th/62","Dear Sam \u0026 Mr. Bruce- \nThe Yankees will be in town today at eleven o'clock. This may be the last letter I shall be able to write you for some time. The enemy took Falmouth yesterday. Our forces retreated yesterday, and now not a Confederate flag, soldier, or tent can be seen. Our force is said to\nhave been [3,200?], the Yankees are estimated at from 15,000 to 8001. We had some skirmishing with them and lost a man or two, several men wounded, we killed several of the enemy. It was the saddest sight I ever saw, to see our men retreating yesterday, almost at double quick, leaving us behind to the enemy, and the black smoke rolling up from the burning bridges.","They sent a white flag over yesterday and we sent some men with one back to them. Then two Yankees came over and said, \"Gen. Augur (their Gen.) said he would take possession of the city at eleven oclock today and that private property should be respected,\" but who believes a\nword they say. We tried to hide every thing we could yesterday. I am afraid Mr. William Moncure is going to leave us. I suppose you know we have Mrs. W. Moncure \u0026 family \u0026 Mrs. Bankhead with us. We have gotten fixed in our new home and are as comfortable as circumstances admit. Mr. [A___t] is very kind to us. Yesterday he was here three times--we value a friend now highly.","A great many people left town yesterday. The trains will only run to [__lford] now. The last one went out yesterday. I do wish we was behind the lines and feel much afraid of the Yankees, but I know it was impossible for us to go, and we will have to make the best of it. It all looks very dark now, but I know nothing happens by chance, and whatever is, must be the best for us. I do hope brighter days are coming.","Richmond, May 17th","Dear Sam: \nI write this letter with a sad heart because besides my own sorrow I have melancholy tidings for you. It deeply grieves me to tell you your poor mother is dead. I received the melancholy news through a letter from Sugar which I did not receive until it had been written a week. She seems to have been much worse after they moved, took a great dislike to stimulants (by which her strength had been kept up), grew gradually weaker to the last. I wish I could say anything to comfort you, dear Sam, but I know your affectionate heart will deeply mourn her loss. Her\nlife has lately been one of constant suffering. This is now over. Let us hope she has found that rest and peace she so much desired.","I wrote you more than a week ago and sent the letter with a bundle Mrs. St. G. Tucker was sending to Mr. Tucker, but I now find it has never reached you. Mr. Tucker came in very unexpectedly yesterday and says he has never received his bundle and also that he has not seen you and did not know you were with the army, but now promises to find you and to send the letter if he gets the bundle. It is a terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love.","I have been very anxious to send you and Mr. B. something to eat but they tell me it is vain to hope it would ever reach you. I think a great deal of you and wonder how you bear the hardships of camp life. Oh! I hope you can look to God as your friend and Father and can hope that through the merits of your saviour, your sins are pardoned. You have had many warnings, in the loss of those dear to you, that you should also be in a state of preparation for death. I hope you will think of this and that God who has afflicted you will also comfort you.","Your Uncle's family will leave here on Monday evening for the country, and as we cannot now get to Fredericksburg we shall go with them. If we could have kept clear of the Yankees we intended to have returned to live with T. and your sisters, but I cannot put myself in the power of our enemies without protection. The Doctor you know cannot return, but is obliged to remain here. He seems truly unhappy about his family. We are going by the canal to some place in Albemarle. I shall leave my direction with Mrs. Daniel and when you write send the letter to her\nand she will forward it to me. You can send it with Johnnie's.","I dislike much to go, for I shall feel more cut off from you and your sisters than ever, but your Uncle thinks it necessary to place us in a place of comparative safety and also of freedom from the turmoil of the city. Your Aunt Louisa sends her love to you. She has not been well but I\nhope when she has country air, and quiet, she will be better. Give my love to Mr. Bruce. Write me whenever you can and believe me your ever affectionate Aunt A. M. B.","Fluvanna, June 26","Dear Sam: \nI should have answered both your letter and Mrs. Daniel's which I received by Mrs. Brent, but I have been more indisposed lately and when mail day came felt too weak to make even that exertion. My complaint is the same to which I referred in a former letter to Mrs. D., not dangerous but very weakening and troublesome.","Your last was more satisfactory, but still tells nothing of your real self, you thoughts and feeling, why do you not speak of your hopes for the future, your chances of promotion,or you might say whether camp life has a good or bad influence on yourself. I know Dear Sam you have felt your afflictions deeply and to one of your affectionate heart the situation of your sisters must be a source of constant anxiety, but you repress all these feelings, and in writing to an old and constant friend, on who deeply shares your cares, you say nothing. Oh my dear, this is not right. I think I would give more to know the state of your mind and heart than to be sure that Jackson had come to Richmond and defeated McClellan, but I will say no more.","I hope you will not be so imprudent as to go to Fredericksburg. It could do no possible good and might result in a long imprisonment and add to our other misfortunes, the bitterest of all. Dr. Daniel must be a complete will of wisp, the first letter I received from him was from the canal boat. He there says he is going to Charlottesville and that he should remain there some\ntime. I immediately wrote to him there, which letter he never received. He next writes me a short note, and says he is staying at Mr. Jas. Scott's, and that I must direct to him at Harrises P. O., Louisa County, to the care of Mr. Scott. I again obeyed and enclosed a letter to Fenton\nand Sugar which I hoped he might find means of sending. He says he has had no definite news from Fenton but had sent her a verbal message. The date of his note is 7 of June, it is very short and quite unsatisfactory. Since then I have not heard a word from him or from our dear ones in Fredericksburg.","I would like to consult him about my own case if I could get at him. There is a Dr. Wynn who lives quite near and who has treated your Uncle's children very successfully, but I dread a strange doctor so much, that I have not yet consulted him. I was truly glad to hear that you were better and hope will continue to improve. You do not say whether Dr. Tucker continues to practice on you.","Your uncle H. is obliged to be in Richmond by the 10th of July. You must try to see him. He told me he had been looking for you for some time before he found you. He is I know as kindly disposed towards you as possible, and I have had a long talk with him about you and your affairs. He returned here to find his youngest child at the point of death. I have never seen so ill a child. She is now almost well, only weak. You must thank Mrs. Daniel for her letter and for the papers and for her kindness to you. Give my love to her and say that I will write to her as\nsoon as possible. And now God bless and protect you dear Sam. Write soon and often to your true friend, Aunt M. Brooke. Your Aunt Louisa has been suffering with a very sore eye. She sends much love to you.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nAugst. 18th, 1863","Dear Sister-- \nI wrote a long letter to sister Fenton yesterday \u0026 have, I believe, written myself out of news \u0026 and everything else. I am afraid I shall have to write you a short and uninteresting letter.","We heard yesterday that the Yankees has retreated to the other side of the Rappahanock. What their next move might\nbe I don't know. Some seem to think that they will go on the peninsulas or somewhere on the south side of the James\nRiver, but I do not think so. I think they will always keep an army between us \u0026 Washington, \u0026 their army is now too weak to be divided.","Fenton says in her letter that she \u0026 the Dr. have gotten situations in Camp Jackson. Where is Camp Jackson? I do not remember ever to have heard of it. I hope they will be comfortably fixed \u0026 succeed as well as they wish in their new situation. I expect that Maj. Bruce will get a transfer to Engineering dept: he is applying for it. I hope he will succeed. He is tired to death I know with this kind of service and so am I. Marching I do detest \u0026 fighting I love no better, but there is no other alternative for me. I am not an Engineer \u0026 anything else that I know of but a blockhead an annoyance to myself and all concerned with me. I had thought of running off \u0026 jumping aboard the Florida or something of the sort\nbut when I reflected that the Florida was probably too far from shore for me to jump into her I abandoned the idea.","We are however very comfortably fixed here, have a tent \u0026 plenty of beef to eat, etc. I have not been out of camp but once since I have been here, they are very strict and no one can leave camp without a pass signed by a Maj. Genl. It is most agreeably cool this morning, something like fall, heretofore it has been scorching hot \u0026 I am glad to see a prospect for a more agreeable spell. I have been looking out for another letter from some of you. When I am not on duty I just lie in my tent and calculate the probability of my getting a letter on that day or the next and am almost always disappointed. I do not believe I get half the letters you write me. I have not heard but once from you since you married \u0026 that has been a month ago. One letter a month! But I know you have a great many things to occupy your mind.","Dr. Bankhead has just come in \u0026 I have to entertain him as no one else is here. He comes over very frequently. I am\nafraid I shall have to cut my letter short as I have been talking to him until it is nearly time for the mail to go. I shall look daily for a letter from some of you. How are the girls in Danville? I hope you will be able to find a school they will like better something more private than a regular boarding school I would suggest. I think there are serious objections to a boarding school such as I imagine [Mr. Dames'?] to be but you all know more about all that than I do. I would give anything to see you all if it was only for 5 minutes, but it is an impossibility to do so now. We have now but 6 officers in the whole Regiment exclusive of the Field \u0026 staff. The Regt. is divided into 5 companies commanded by Capts. Wharton, Woolfolk, Garland, Green \u0026 myself, \u0026 one Lieutenant. Clarence Woolfolk is now Capt. I suppose that you knew that before. I must now close as it is moving near to the time when the mail starts \u0026 Dr. B is dinging in my ears so I can not write. Write to me soon very soon. Give my best love to Mr. A__, Aunt Louisa, Fenton, the Dr. \u0026 the boys. Give my best love to the Girls when you write to them \u0026 remember me to all enquiring friends. \nYour devoted brother, Saml. S. Brooke.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nMarch 27, 1864","My dear Sister-- \nI received your letter yesterday and had only one fault to find with that was it was too short. You gave me a great deal of news nevertheless. I suppose by the time you get this Peter Hull will have arrived in town. You must know that Peter and myself are rivals either for Miss Monie\nor Miss Millie I don't know which, so you must spy upon him and watch him even as the cat doeth the small rat and report promptly all things of suspicious nature. I want to be even with him when he comes to camp, for when I came back he knew everything I had said and done while I was down there. You said in your letter that Miss Monie had deserted me \"Entre nous.\" I don't care a fig if she has but you need [not] let her think that. I want to have some fun out of Peter Hull, he is evidently extremely jealous of me but I can't tell exactly whether it is Miss Monie or Miss Millie he doth affect the most. Whichever one it is there am I also. I expect you are tired of this nonsense but really it is so dull up here that I have nothing to write about.","I suppose you saw in the papers an account of the Tournament we had up here. It was a poor affair I thought, and the Queen of Love and Beauty was as ugly as a stump fence. They are going to have another on a grander scale soon I believe. I will give you a full description of it\nwhen it occurs. Capt. Green I believe will ride. None others from the Regt. have any hand in it. If either of the Miss \"M's\" would come up I would probably scare up an Ishmaelite and tilt for them, don't tell them I said so.","Everything is extremely quiet here. Snow fell to the depth of several inches and it rained all day yesterday so I suppose Old Meade will be weather bound for a few weeks. I do not now think we will go to Tennessee, it was merely a rumor that I mentioned before when it was thought\nthat all the severe fighting would be done in the South West. It is now thought that yet another grand effort to take Richmond this year will be made by \"Grant\" in \"Propria persona\" who will doubtless follow in the foot steps of his illustrious predecessors and walk the plank into obscurity after his first engagement with Uncle Bob Lee.","There is nothing as yet particularly cheering or disheartening in the Military horizon. I think the\nprospect for an active and laborious campaign in Virginia is pretty clear and we will again this spring renew our old occupation and struggle between life and death for six more weary months. A pleasant thing to contemplate to one who has experience it. As to peace Heaven only knows when that will come. I suppose however that war can't last forever but I can see no indication of an early peace. We have gotten so used to war now that aplenty to eat is all we look for. We expect to make this our trade for we have become fitted for nothing else now.","Tell Maria I received her letter a few days ago and am much gratified at it and will answer it soon. I hope she will write to me again soon. I have been so uncomfortably fixed this bad weather and having to appear at times as witness before Courts Martial that I have postponed\nwriting from time to time, and I wrote such a flood of them at first. I thought I would have off a while.","I am surprised Jennie did not get her letter. I sent it by private hands but who it was I have really forgotten, either Jno. Dent or Tom Berry I think, but it was an uninteresting letter anyway so she lost nothing.","I suppose you and Jennie will be over with Maria by the time this gets to you, or ready to go at all events. I would like very much to drop in to see you a little while but there is no chance of that now. I might have gotten a few days some time ago probably but made no attempt to do\nso. I have had my share this winter and do not expect to see you all again until this campaign is over if I am so fortunate as to survive the storm that will soon burst over us.","Will Fenton \u0026 Mrs. D continue their boarding house at the present high prices? I cannot tell how they manage to get anything eatable now up here where the army has been camped so long. You cannot get anything for love or money and we have to depend on our rations entirely which amount to 1/4 lb. bacon per day apiece about as big as your two fore fingers and a 1/2 lb. flour or meal. I hope however it may get no worse for I can hardly tell where on earth they get this from but I hope it will hold out until the campaign is over at all.","The Samuel S. Brooke papers consist of the personal papers (11 items) Brooke. The papers include five letters (dated 1862-1864) to and from family members that are largely concerned with personal family matters, but include some references to the Civil War and civilian life in Fredericksburg and Richmond, Virginia. Other topics include the 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including comments about camp life.","In addition to correspondence, the papers contain commissions, orders, certificates, and other official documents dating from Brooke's Civil War service and later life.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the retreat of the Confederate troops and her fear of the impending occupation of the city by Union troops commanded by General Augur.","Written from from Richmond, Virginia. Letter gives Samuel S. Brooke the news of his mother's death, laments the \"terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love,\" and gives news that the family is leaving Richmond to go to countryside.","Written from Fluvanna, Virginia. Letter regards family news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and general Civil War news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and family news.","Document commissions Samuel S. Brooke as a 2nd Lieutenant.","Special Orders No. 288. Samuel S. Brooke is sent on a recruiting trip.","Issued by the office of Provost Marshall, Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Regards the estate of Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr.","Appoints Samuel S. Brooke Captain of Roanoke Light Infantry, Virginia Volunteers.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0221","/repositories/3/resources/606"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"creator_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"creators_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1861","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 47th","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1861","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 47th","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11 items"],"extent_tesim":["11 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bulk of the Samuel S. Brooke papers are avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1923\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bulk of the Samuel S. Brooke papers are avaliable  online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Selden Brooke was born on November 10, 1841 in Stafford County, Virginia to Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr. and Angelina Edrington. Brooke enrolled at VMI in July 1857 and was a cadet for one year. He subsequently attended the University of Virginia, and in April 1861, he joined the Confederate Army.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn May 1861 Brooke commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant with Company I, 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment. In May 1862 he was promoted to Captain. He served with this unit until the end of the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the War, Brooke resided in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where he studied law and opened a practice. In 1882 he moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where he was a newspaper editor and Clerk of Court. He married Bettie Lewis Young in 1872 and the couple had six children: Samuel, Henry, Edgar, Vena, Sarah, and Cary. Brooke died on January 10, 1918 in Roanoke.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Selden Brooke was born on November 10, 1841 in Stafford County, Virginia to Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr. and Angelina Edrington. Brooke enrolled at VMI in July 1857 and was a cadet for one year. He subsequently attended the University of Virginia, and in April 1861, he joined the Confederate Army.","In May 1861 Brooke commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant with Company I, 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment. In May 1862 he was promoted to Captain. He served with this unit until the end of the Civil War.","After the War, Brooke resided in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where he studied law and opened a practice. In 1882 he moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where he was a newspaper editor and Clerk of Court. He married Bettie Lewis Young in 1872 and the couple had six children: Samuel, Henry, Edgar, Vena, Sarah, and Cary. Brooke died on January 10, 1918 in Roanoke."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFredericksburg, April 17th/62\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sam \u0026amp; Mr. Bruce-\u003cbr\u003e\nThe Yankees will be in town today at eleven o'clock. This may be the last letter I shall be able to write you for some time. The enemy took Falmouth yesterday. Our forces retreated yesterday, and now not a Confederate flag, soldier, or tent can be seen. Our force is said to\nhave been [3,200?], the Yankees are estimated at from 15,000 to 8001. We had some skirmishing with them and lost a man or two, several men wounded, we killed several of the enemy. It was the saddest sight I ever saw, to see our men retreating yesterday, almost at double quick, leaving us behind to the enemy, and the black smoke rolling up from the burning bridges.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey sent a white flag over yesterday and we sent some men with one back to them. Then two Yankees came over and said, \"Gen. Augur (their Gen.) said he would take possession of the city at eleven oclock today and that private property should be respected,\" but who believes a\nword they say. We tried to hide every thing we could yesterday. I am afraid Mr. William Moncure is going to leave us. I suppose you know we have Mrs. W. Moncure \u0026amp; family \u0026amp; Mrs. Bankhead with us. We have gotten fixed in our new home and are as comfortable as circumstances admit. Mr. [A___t] is very kind to us. Yesterday he was here three times--we value a friend now highly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA great many people left town yesterday. The trains will only run to [__lford] now. The last one went out yesterday. I do wish we was behind the lines and feel much afraid of the Yankees, but I know it was impossible for us to go, and we will have to make the best of it. It all looks very dark now, but I know nothing happens by chance, and whatever is, must be the best for us. I do hope brighter days are coming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond, May 17th\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sam:\u003cbr\u003e\nI write this letter with a sad heart because besides my own sorrow I have melancholy tidings for you. It deeply grieves me to tell you your poor mother is dead. I received the melancholy news through a letter from Sugar which I did not receive until it had been written a week. She seems to have been much worse after they moved, took a great dislike to stimulants (by which her strength had been kept up), grew gradually weaker to the last. I wish I could say anything to comfort you, dear Sam, but I know your affectionate heart will deeply mourn her loss. Her\nlife has lately been one of constant suffering. This is now over. Let us hope she has found that rest and peace she so much desired.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wrote you more than a week ago and sent the letter with a bundle Mrs. St. G. Tucker was sending to Mr. Tucker, but I now find it has never reached you. Mr. Tucker came in very unexpectedly yesterday and says he has never received his bundle and also that he has not seen you and did not know you were with the army, but now promises to find you and to send the letter if he gets the bundle. It is a terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have been very anxious to send you and Mr. B. something to eat but they tell me it is vain to hope it would ever reach you. I think a great deal of you and wonder how you bear the hardships of camp life. Oh! I hope you can look to God as your friend and Father and can hope that through the merits of your saviour, your sins are pardoned. You have had many warnings, in the loss of those dear to you, that you should also be in a state of preparation for death. I hope you will think of this and that God who has afflicted you will also comfort you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour Uncle's family will leave here on Monday evening for the country, and as we cannot now get to Fredericksburg we shall go with them. If we could have kept clear of the Yankees we intended to have returned to live with T. and your sisters, but I cannot put myself in the power of our enemies without protection. The Doctor you know cannot return, but is obliged to remain here. He seems truly unhappy about his family. We are going by the canal to some place in Albemarle. I shall leave my direction with Mrs. Daniel and when you write send the letter to her\nand she will forward it to me. You can send it with Johnnie's.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI dislike much to go, for I shall feel more cut off from you and your sisters than ever, but your Uncle thinks it necessary to place us in a place of comparative safety and also of freedom from the turmoil of the city. Your Aunt Louisa sends her love to you. She has not been well but I\nhope when she has country air, and quiet, she will be better. Give my love to Mr. Bruce. Write me whenever you can and believe me your ever affectionate Aunt A. M. B.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFluvanna, June 26\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sam:\u003cbr\u003e\nI should have answered both your letter and Mrs. Daniel's which I received by Mrs. Brent, but I have been more indisposed lately and when mail day came felt too weak to make even that exertion. My complaint is the same to which I referred in a former letter to Mrs. D., not dangerous but very weakening and troublesome.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour last was more satisfactory, but still tells nothing of your real self, you thoughts and feeling, why do you not speak of your hopes for the future, your chances of promotion,or you might say whether camp life has a good or bad influence on yourself. I know Dear Sam you have felt your afflictions deeply and to one of your affectionate heart the situation of your sisters must be a source of constant anxiety, but you repress all these feelings, and in writing to an old and constant friend, on who deeply shares your cares, you say nothing. Oh my dear, this is not right. I think I would give more to know the state of your mind and heart than to be sure that Jackson had come to Richmond and defeated McClellan, but I will say no more.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hope you will not be so imprudent as to go to Fredericksburg. It could do no possible good and might result in a long imprisonment and add to our other misfortunes, the bitterest of all. Dr. Daniel must be a complete will of wisp, the first letter I received from him was from the canal boat. He there says he is going to Charlottesville and that he should remain there some\ntime. I immediately wrote to him there, which letter he never received. He next writes me a short note, and says he is staying at Mr. Jas. Scott's, and that I must direct to him at Harrises P. O., Louisa County, to the care of Mr. Scott. I again obeyed and enclosed a letter to Fenton\nand Sugar which I hoped he might find means of sending. He says he has had no definite news from Fenton but had sent her a verbal message. The date of his note is 7 of June, it is very short and quite unsatisfactory. Since then I have not heard a word from him or from our dear ones in Fredericksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI would like to consult him about my own case if I could get at him. There is a Dr. Wynn who lives quite near and who has treated your Uncle's children very successfully, but I dread a strange doctor so much, that I have not yet consulted him. I was truly glad to hear that you were better and hope will continue to improve. You do not say whether Dr. Tucker continues to practice on you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour uncle H. is obliged to be in Richmond by the 10th of July. You must try to see him. He told me he had been looking for you for some time before he found you. He is I know as kindly disposed towards you as possible, and I have had a long talk with him about you and your affairs. He returned here to find his youngest child at the point of death. I have never seen so ill a child. She is now almost well, only weak. You must thank Mrs. Daniel for her letter and for the papers and for her kindness to you. Give my love to her and say that I will write to her as\nsoon as possible. And now God bless and protect you dear Sam. Write soon and often to your true friend, Aunt M. Brooke. Your Aunt Louisa has been suffering with a very sore eye. She sends much love to you.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Orange C. H.\u003cbr\u003e\nAugst. 18th, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister--\u003cbr\u003e\nI wrote a long letter to sister Fenton yesterday \u0026amp; have, I believe, written myself out of news \u0026amp; and everything else. I am afraid I shall have to write you a short and uninteresting letter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe heard yesterday that the Yankees has retreated to the other side of the Rappahanock. What their next move might\nbe I don't know. Some seem to think that they will go on the peninsulas or somewhere on the south side of the James\nRiver, but I do not think so. I think they will always keep an army between us \u0026amp; Washington, \u0026amp; their army is now too weak to be divided.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFenton says in her letter that she \u0026amp; the Dr. have gotten situations in Camp Jackson. Where is Camp Jackson? I do not remember ever to have heard of it. I hope they will be comfortably fixed \u0026amp; succeed as well as they wish in their new situation. I expect that Maj. Bruce will get a transfer to Engineering dept: he is applying for it. I hope he will succeed. He is tired to death I know with this kind of service and so am I. Marching I do detest \u0026amp; fighting I love no better, but there is no other alternative for me. I am not an Engineer \u0026amp; anything else that I know of but a blockhead an annoyance to myself and all concerned with me. I had thought of running off \u0026amp; jumping aboard the Florida or something of the sort\nbut when I reflected that the Florida was probably too far from shore for me to jump into her I abandoned the idea.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are however very comfortably fixed here, have a tent \u0026amp; plenty of beef to eat, etc. I have not been out of camp but once since I have been here, they are very strict and no one can leave camp without a pass signed by a Maj. Genl. It is most agreeably cool this morning, something like fall, heretofore it has been scorching hot \u0026amp; I am glad to see a prospect for a more agreeable spell. I have been looking out for another letter from some of you. When I am not on duty I just lie in my tent and calculate the probability of my getting a letter on that day or the next and am almost always disappointed. I do not believe I get half the letters you write me. I have not heard but once from you since you married \u0026amp; that has been a month ago. One letter a month! But I know you have a great many things to occupy your mind.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Bankhead has just come in \u0026amp; I have to entertain him as no one else is here. He comes over very frequently. I am\nafraid I shall have to cut my letter short as I have been talking to him until it is nearly time for the mail to go. I shall look daily for a letter from some of you. How are the girls in Danville? I hope you will be able to find a school they will like better something more private than a regular boarding school I would suggest. I think there are serious objections to a boarding school such as I imagine [Mr. Dames'?] to be but you all know more about all that than I do. I would give anything to see you all if it was only for 5 minutes, but it is an impossibility to do so now. We have now but 6 officers in the whole Regiment exclusive of the Field \u0026amp; staff. The Regt. is divided into 5 companies commanded by Capts. Wharton, Woolfolk, Garland, Green \u0026amp; myself, \u0026amp; one Lieutenant. Clarence Woolfolk is now Capt. I suppose that you knew that before. I must now close as it is moving near to the time when the mail starts \u0026amp; Dr. B is dinging in my ears so I can not write. Write to me soon very soon. Give my best love to Mr. A__, Aunt Louisa, Fenton, the Dr. \u0026amp; the boys. Give my best love to the Girls when you write to them \u0026amp; remember me to all enquiring friends.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted brother, Saml. S. Brooke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Orange C. H.\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 27, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy dear Sister--\u003cbr\u003e\nI received your letter yesterday and had only one fault to find with that was it was too short. You gave me a great deal of news nevertheless. I suppose by the time you get this Peter Hull will have arrived in town. You must know that Peter and myself are rivals either for Miss Monie\nor Miss Millie I don't know which, so you must spy upon him and watch him even as the cat doeth the small rat and report promptly all things of suspicious nature. I want to be even with him when he comes to camp, for when I came back he knew everything I had said and done while I was down there. You said in your letter that Miss Monie had deserted me \"Entre nous.\" I don't care a fig if she has but you need [not] let her think that. I want to have some fun out of Peter Hull, he is evidently extremely jealous of me but I can't tell exactly whether it is Miss Monie or Miss Millie he doth affect the most. Whichever one it is there am I also. I expect you are tired of this nonsense but really it is so dull up here that I have nothing to write about.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI suppose you saw in the papers an account of the Tournament we had up here. It was a poor affair I thought, and the Queen of Love and Beauty was as ugly as a stump fence. They are going to have another on a grander scale soon I believe. I will give you a full description of it\nwhen it occurs. Capt. Green I believe will ride. None others from the Regt. have any hand in it. If either of the Miss \"M's\" would come up I would probably scare up an Ishmaelite and tilt for them, don't tell them I said so.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEverything is extremely quiet here. Snow fell to the depth of several inches and it rained all day yesterday so I suppose Old Meade will be weather bound for a few weeks. I do not now think we will go to Tennessee, it was merely a rumor that I mentioned before when it was thought\nthat all the severe fighting would be done in the South West. It is now thought that yet another grand effort to take Richmond this year will be made by \"Grant\" in \"Propria persona\" who will doubtless follow in the foot steps of his illustrious predecessors and walk the plank into obscurity after his first engagement with Uncle Bob Lee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is nothing as yet particularly cheering or disheartening in the Military horizon. I think the\nprospect for an active and laborious campaign in Virginia is pretty clear and we will again this spring renew our old occupation and struggle between life and death for six more weary months. A pleasant thing to contemplate to one who has experience it. As to peace Heaven only knows when that will come. I suppose however that war can't last forever but I can see no indication of an early peace. We have gotten so used to war now that aplenty to eat is all we look for. We expect to make this our trade for we have become fitted for nothing else now.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Maria I received her letter a few days ago and am much gratified at it and will answer it soon. I hope she will write to me again soon. I have been so uncomfortably fixed this bad weather and having to appear at times as witness before Courts Martial that I have postponed\nwriting from time to time, and I wrote such a flood of them at first. I thought I would have off a while.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am surprised Jennie did not get her letter. I sent it by private hands but who it was I have really forgotten, either Jno. Dent or Tom Berry I think, but it was an uninteresting letter anyway so she lost nothing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI suppose you and Jennie will be over with Maria by the time this gets to you, or ready to go at all events. I would like very much to drop in to see you a little while but there is no chance of that now. I might have gotten a few days some time ago probably but made no attempt to do\nso. I have had my share this winter and do not expect to see you all again until this campaign is over if I am so fortunate as to survive the storm that will soon burst over us.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWill Fenton \u0026amp; Mrs. D continue their boarding house at the present high prices? I cannot tell how they manage to get anything eatable now up here where the army has been camped so long. You cannot get anything for love or money and we have to depend on our rations entirely which amount to 1/4 lb. bacon per day apiece about as big as your two fore fingers and a 1/2 lb. flour or meal. I hope however it may get no worse for I can hardly tell where on earth they get this from but I hope it will hold out until the campaign is over at all.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Fredericksburg, April 17th/62","Dear Sam \u0026 Mr. Bruce- \nThe Yankees will be in town today at eleven o'clock. This may be the last letter I shall be able to write you for some time. The enemy took Falmouth yesterday. Our forces retreated yesterday, and now not a Confederate flag, soldier, or tent can be seen. Our force is said to\nhave been [3,200?], the Yankees are estimated at from 15,000 to 8001. We had some skirmishing with them and lost a man or two, several men wounded, we killed several of the enemy. It was the saddest sight I ever saw, to see our men retreating yesterday, almost at double quick, leaving us behind to the enemy, and the black smoke rolling up from the burning bridges.","They sent a white flag over yesterday and we sent some men with one back to them. Then two Yankees came over and said, \"Gen. Augur (their Gen.) said he would take possession of the city at eleven oclock today and that private property should be respected,\" but who believes a\nword they say. We tried to hide every thing we could yesterday. I am afraid Mr. William Moncure is going to leave us. I suppose you know we have Mrs. W. Moncure \u0026 family \u0026 Mrs. Bankhead with us. We have gotten fixed in our new home and are as comfortable as circumstances admit. Mr. [A___t] is very kind to us. Yesterday he was here three times--we value a friend now highly.","A great many people left town yesterday. The trains will only run to [__lford] now. The last one went out yesterday. I do wish we was behind the lines and feel much afraid of the Yankees, but I know it was impossible for us to go, and we will have to make the best of it. It all looks very dark now, but I know nothing happens by chance, and whatever is, must be the best for us. I do hope brighter days are coming.","Richmond, May 17th","Dear Sam: \nI write this letter with a sad heart because besides my own sorrow I have melancholy tidings for you. It deeply grieves me to tell you your poor mother is dead. I received the melancholy news through a letter from Sugar which I did not receive until it had been written a week. She seems to have been much worse after they moved, took a great dislike to stimulants (by which her strength had been kept up), grew gradually weaker to the last. I wish I could say anything to comfort you, dear Sam, but I know your affectionate heart will deeply mourn her loss. Her\nlife has lately been one of constant suffering. This is now over. Let us hope she has found that rest and peace she so much desired.","I wrote you more than a week ago and sent the letter with a bundle Mrs. St. G. Tucker was sending to Mr. Tucker, but I now find it has never reached you. Mr. Tucker came in very unexpectedly yesterday and says he has never received his bundle and also that he has not seen you and did not know you were with the army, but now promises to find you and to send the letter if he gets the bundle. It is a terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love.","I have been very anxious to send you and Mr. B. something to eat but they tell me it is vain to hope it would ever reach you. I think a great deal of you and wonder how you bear the hardships of camp life. Oh! I hope you can look to God as your friend and Father and can hope that through the merits of your saviour, your sins are pardoned. You have had many warnings, in the loss of those dear to you, that you should also be in a state of preparation for death. I hope you will think of this and that God who has afflicted you will also comfort you.","Your Uncle's family will leave here on Monday evening for the country, and as we cannot now get to Fredericksburg we shall go with them. If we could have kept clear of the Yankees we intended to have returned to live with T. and your sisters, but I cannot put myself in the power of our enemies without protection. The Doctor you know cannot return, but is obliged to remain here. He seems truly unhappy about his family. We are going by the canal to some place in Albemarle. I shall leave my direction with Mrs. Daniel and when you write send the letter to her\nand she will forward it to me. You can send it with Johnnie's.","I dislike much to go, for I shall feel more cut off from you and your sisters than ever, but your Uncle thinks it necessary to place us in a place of comparative safety and also of freedom from the turmoil of the city. Your Aunt Louisa sends her love to you. She has not been well but I\nhope when she has country air, and quiet, she will be better. Give my love to Mr. Bruce. Write me whenever you can and believe me your ever affectionate Aunt A. M. B.","Fluvanna, June 26","Dear Sam: \nI should have answered both your letter and Mrs. Daniel's which I received by Mrs. Brent, but I have been more indisposed lately and when mail day came felt too weak to make even that exertion. My complaint is the same to which I referred in a former letter to Mrs. D., not dangerous but very weakening and troublesome.","Your last was more satisfactory, but still tells nothing of your real self, you thoughts and feeling, why do you not speak of your hopes for the future, your chances of promotion,or you might say whether camp life has a good or bad influence on yourself. I know Dear Sam you have felt your afflictions deeply and to one of your affectionate heart the situation of your sisters must be a source of constant anxiety, but you repress all these feelings, and in writing to an old and constant friend, on who deeply shares your cares, you say nothing. Oh my dear, this is not right. I think I would give more to know the state of your mind and heart than to be sure that Jackson had come to Richmond and defeated McClellan, but I will say no more.","I hope you will not be so imprudent as to go to Fredericksburg. It could do no possible good and might result in a long imprisonment and add to our other misfortunes, the bitterest of all. Dr. Daniel must be a complete will of wisp, the first letter I received from him was from the canal boat. He there says he is going to Charlottesville and that he should remain there some\ntime. I immediately wrote to him there, which letter he never received. He next writes me a short note, and says he is staying at Mr. Jas. Scott's, and that I must direct to him at Harrises P. O., Louisa County, to the care of Mr. Scott. I again obeyed and enclosed a letter to Fenton\nand Sugar which I hoped he might find means of sending. He says he has had no definite news from Fenton but had sent her a verbal message. The date of his note is 7 of June, it is very short and quite unsatisfactory. Since then I have not heard a word from him or from our dear ones in Fredericksburg.","I would like to consult him about my own case if I could get at him. There is a Dr. Wynn who lives quite near and who has treated your Uncle's children very successfully, but I dread a strange doctor so much, that I have not yet consulted him. I was truly glad to hear that you were better and hope will continue to improve. You do not say whether Dr. Tucker continues to practice on you.","Your uncle H. is obliged to be in Richmond by the 10th of July. You must try to see him. He told me he had been looking for you for some time before he found you. He is I know as kindly disposed towards you as possible, and I have had a long talk with him about you and your affairs. He returned here to find his youngest child at the point of death. I have never seen so ill a child. She is now almost well, only weak. You must thank Mrs. Daniel for her letter and for the papers and for her kindness to you. Give my love to her and say that I will write to her as\nsoon as possible. And now God bless and protect you dear Sam. Write soon and often to your true friend, Aunt M. Brooke. Your Aunt Louisa has been suffering with a very sore eye. She sends much love to you.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nAugst. 18th, 1863","Dear Sister-- \nI wrote a long letter to sister Fenton yesterday \u0026 have, I believe, written myself out of news \u0026 and everything else. I am afraid I shall have to write you a short and uninteresting letter.","We heard yesterday that the Yankees has retreated to the other side of the Rappahanock. What their next move might\nbe I don't know. Some seem to think that they will go on the peninsulas or somewhere on the south side of the James\nRiver, but I do not think so. I think they will always keep an army between us \u0026 Washington, \u0026 their army is now too weak to be divided.","Fenton says in her letter that she \u0026 the Dr. have gotten situations in Camp Jackson. Where is Camp Jackson? I do not remember ever to have heard of it. I hope they will be comfortably fixed \u0026 succeed as well as they wish in their new situation. I expect that Maj. Bruce will get a transfer to Engineering dept: he is applying for it. I hope he will succeed. He is tired to death I know with this kind of service and so am I. Marching I do detest \u0026 fighting I love no better, but there is no other alternative for me. I am not an Engineer \u0026 anything else that I know of but a blockhead an annoyance to myself and all concerned with me. I had thought of running off \u0026 jumping aboard the Florida or something of the sort\nbut when I reflected that the Florida was probably too far from shore for me to jump into her I abandoned the idea.","We are however very comfortably fixed here, have a tent \u0026 plenty of beef to eat, etc. I have not been out of camp but once since I have been here, they are very strict and no one can leave camp without a pass signed by a Maj. Genl. It is most agreeably cool this morning, something like fall, heretofore it has been scorching hot \u0026 I am glad to see a prospect for a more agreeable spell. I have been looking out for another letter from some of you. When I am not on duty I just lie in my tent and calculate the probability of my getting a letter on that day or the next and am almost always disappointed. I do not believe I get half the letters you write me. I have not heard but once from you since you married \u0026 that has been a month ago. One letter a month! But I know you have a great many things to occupy your mind.","Dr. Bankhead has just come in \u0026 I have to entertain him as no one else is here. He comes over very frequently. I am\nafraid I shall have to cut my letter short as I have been talking to him until it is nearly time for the mail to go. I shall look daily for a letter from some of you. How are the girls in Danville? I hope you will be able to find a school they will like better something more private than a regular boarding school I would suggest. I think there are serious objections to a boarding school such as I imagine [Mr. Dames'?] to be but you all know more about all that than I do. I would give anything to see you all if it was only for 5 minutes, but it is an impossibility to do so now. We have now but 6 officers in the whole Regiment exclusive of the Field \u0026 staff. The Regt. is divided into 5 companies commanded by Capts. Wharton, Woolfolk, Garland, Green \u0026 myself, \u0026 one Lieutenant. Clarence Woolfolk is now Capt. I suppose that you knew that before. I must now close as it is moving near to the time when the mail starts \u0026 Dr. B is dinging in my ears so I can not write. Write to me soon very soon. Give my best love to Mr. A__, Aunt Louisa, Fenton, the Dr. \u0026 the boys. Give my best love to the Girls when you write to them \u0026 remember me to all enquiring friends. \nYour devoted brother, Saml. S. Brooke.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nMarch 27, 1864","My dear Sister-- \nI received your letter yesterday and had only one fault to find with that was it was too short. You gave me a great deal of news nevertheless. I suppose by the time you get this Peter Hull will have arrived in town. You must know that Peter and myself are rivals either for Miss Monie\nor Miss Millie I don't know which, so you must spy upon him and watch him even as the cat doeth the small rat and report promptly all things of suspicious nature. I want to be even with him when he comes to camp, for when I came back he knew everything I had said and done while I was down there. You said in your letter that Miss Monie had deserted me \"Entre nous.\" I don't care a fig if she has but you need [not] let her think that. I want to have some fun out of Peter Hull, he is evidently extremely jealous of me but I can't tell exactly whether it is Miss Monie or Miss Millie he doth affect the most. Whichever one it is there am I also. I expect you are tired of this nonsense but really it is so dull up here that I have nothing to write about.","I suppose you saw in the papers an account of the Tournament we had up here. It was a poor affair I thought, and the Queen of Love and Beauty was as ugly as a stump fence. They are going to have another on a grander scale soon I believe. I will give you a full description of it\nwhen it occurs. Capt. Green I believe will ride. None others from the Regt. have any hand in it. If either of the Miss \"M's\" would come up I would probably scare up an Ishmaelite and tilt for them, don't tell them I said so.","Everything is extremely quiet here. Snow fell to the depth of several inches and it rained all day yesterday so I suppose Old Meade will be weather bound for a few weeks. I do not now think we will go to Tennessee, it was merely a rumor that I mentioned before when it was thought\nthat all the severe fighting would be done in the South West. It is now thought that yet another grand effort to take Richmond this year will be made by \"Grant\" in \"Propria persona\" who will doubtless follow in the foot steps of his illustrious predecessors and walk the plank into obscurity after his first engagement with Uncle Bob Lee.","There is nothing as yet particularly cheering or disheartening in the Military horizon. I think the\nprospect for an active and laborious campaign in Virginia is pretty clear and we will again this spring renew our old occupation and struggle between life and death for six more weary months. A pleasant thing to contemplate to one who has experience it. As to peace Heaven only knows when that will come. I suppose however that war can't last forever but I can see no indication of an early peace. We have gotten so used to war now that aplenty to eat is all we look for. We expect to make this our trade for we have become fitted for nothing else now.","Tell Maria I received her letter a few days ago and am much gratified at it and will answer it soon. I hope she will write to me again soon. I have been so uncomfortably fixed this bad weather and having to appear at times as witness before Courts Martial that I have postponed\nwriting from time to time, and I wrote such a flood of them at first. I thought I would have off a while.","I am surprised Jennie did not get her letter. I sent it by private hands but who it was I have really forgotten, either Jno. Dent or Tom Berry I think, but it was an uninteresting letter anyway so she lost nothing.","I suppose you and Jennie will be over with Maria by the time this gets to you, or ready to go at all events. I would like very much to drop in to see you a little while but there is no chance of that now. I might have gotten a few days some time ago probably but made no attempt to do\nso. I have had my share this winter and do not expect to see you all again until this campaign is over if I am so fortunate as to survive the storm that will soon burst over us.","Will Fenton \u0026 Mrs. D continue their boarding house at the present high prices? I cannot tell how they manage to get anything eatable now up here where the army has been camped so long. You cannot get anything for love or money and we have to depend on our rations entirely which amount to 1/4 lb. bacon per day apiece about as big as your two fore fingers and a 1/2 lb. flour or meal. I hope however it may get no worse for I can hardly tell where on earth they get this from but I hope it will hold out until the campaign is over at all."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel S. Brooke papers, 1861-1917. MS 0221. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers, 1861-1917. MS 0221. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel S. Brooke papers consist of the personal papers (11 items) Brooke. The papers include five letters (dated 1862-1864) to and from family members that are largely concerned with personal family matters, but include some references to the Civil War and civilian life in Fredericksburg and Richmond, Virginia. Other topics include the 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including comments about camp life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to correspondence, the papers contain commissions, orders, certificates, and other official documents dating from Brooke's Civil War service and later life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the retreat of the Confederate troops and her fear of the impending occupation of the city by Union troops commanded by General Augur.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from from Richmond, Virginia. Letter gives Samuel S. Brooke the news of his mother's death, laments the \"terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love,\" and gives news that the family is leaving Richmond to go to countryside.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fluvanna, Virginia. Letter regards family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and general Civil War news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument commissions Samuel S. Brooke as a 2nd Lieutenant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Orders No. 288. Samuel S. Brooke is sent on a recruiting trip.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIssued by the office of Provost Marshall, Fredericksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegards the estate of Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppoints Samuel S. Brooke Captain of Roanoke Light Infantry, Virginia Volunteers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Samuel S. Brooke papers consist of the personal papers (11 items) Brooke. The papers include five letters (dated 1862-1864) to and from family members that are largely concerned with personal family matters, but include some references to the Civil War and civilian life in Fredericksburg and Richmond, Virginia. Other topics include the 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including comments about camp life.","In addition to correspondence, the papers contain commissions, orders, certificates, and other official documents dating from Brooke's Civil War service and later life.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the retreat of the Confederate troops and her fear of the impending occupation of the city by Union troops commanded by General Augur.","Written from from Richmond, Virginia. Letter gives Samuel S. Brooke the news of his mother's death, laments the \"terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love,\" and gives news that the family is leaving Richmond to go to countryside.","Written from Fluvanna, Virginia. Letter regards family news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and general Civil War news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and family news.","Document commissions Samuel S. Brooke as a 2nd Lieutenant.","Special Orders No. 288. Samuel S. Brooke is sent on a recruiting trip.","Issued by the office of Provost Marshall, Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Regards the estate of Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr.","Appoints Samuel S. Brooke Captain of Roanoke Light Infantry, Virginia Volunteers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_cc34fecb0fd7d6f78c29af65af21b932\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918","Letcher, John, 1813-1884"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918","Letcher, John, 1813-1884"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:11.210Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_606","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_606.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00021.xml","title_ssm":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"title_tesim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1917"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1917"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0221","/repositories/3/resources/606"],"text":["MS.0221","/repositories/3/resources/606","Samuel S. Brooke papers","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1861","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 47th","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates","There are no restrictions.","A bulk of the Samuel S. Brooke papers are avaliable  online .","Samuel Selden Brooke was born on November 10, 1841 in Stafford County, Virginia to Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr. and Angelina Edrington. Brooke enrolled at VMI in July 1857 and was a cadet for one year. He subsequently attended the University of Virginia, and in April 1861, he joined the Confederate Army.","In May 1861 Brooke commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant with Company I, 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment. In May 1862 he was promoted to Captain. He served with this unit until the end of the Civil War.","After the War, Brooke resided in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where he studied law and opened a practice. In 1882 he moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where he was a newspaper editor and Clerk of Court. He married Bettie Lewis Young in 1872 and the couple had six children: Samuel, Henry, Edgar, Vena, Sarah, and Cary. Brooke died on January 10, 1918 in Roanoke.","Fredericksburg, April 17th/62","Dear Sam \u0026 Mr. Bruce- \nThe Yankees will be in town today at eleven o'clock. This may be the last letter I shall be able to write you for some time. The enemy took Falmouth yesterday. Our forces retreated yesterday, and now not a Confederate flag, soldier, or tent can be seen. Our force is said to\nhave been [3,200?], the Yankees are estimated at from 15,000 to 8001. We had some skirmishing with them and lost a man or two, several men wounded, we killed several of the enemy. It was the saddest sight I ever saw, to see our men retreating yesterday, almost at double quick, leaving us behind to the enemy, and the black smoke rolling up from the burning bridges.","They sent a white flag over yesterday and we sent some men with one back to them. Then two Yankees came over and said, \"Gen. Augur (their Gen.) said he would take possession of the city at eleven oclock today and that private property should be respected,\" but who believes a\nword they say. We tried to hide every thing we could yesterday. I am afraid Mr. William Moncure is going to leave us. I suppose you know we have Mrs. W. Moncure \u0026 family \u0026 Mrs. Bankhead with us. We have gotten fixed in our new home and are as comfortable as circumstances admit. Mr. [A___t] is very kind to us. Yesterday he was here three times--we value a friend now highly.","A great many people left town yesterday. The trains will only run to [__lford] now. The last one went out yesterday. I do wish we was behind the lines and feel much afraid of the Yankees, but I know it was impossible for us to go, and we will have to make the best of it. It all looks very dark now, but I know nothing happens by chance, and whatever is, must be the best for us. I do hope brighter days are coming.","Richmond, May 17th","Dear Sam: \nI write this letter with a sad heart because besides my own sorrow I have melancholy tidings for you. It deeply grieves me to tell you your poor mother is dead. I received the melancholy news through a letter from Sugar which I did not receive until it had been written a week. She seems to have been much worse after they moved, took a great dislike to stimulants (by which her strength had been kept up), grew gradually weaker to the last. I wish I could say anything to comfort you, dear Sam, but I know your affectionate heart will deeply mourn her loss. Her\nlife has lately been one of constant suffering. This is now over. Let us hope she has found that rest and peace she so much desired.","I wrote you more than a week ago and sent the letter with a bundle Mrs. St. G. Tucker was sending to Mr. Tucker, but I now find it has never reached you. Mr. Tucker came in very unexpectedly yesterday and says he has never received his bundle and also that he has not seen you and did not know you were with the army, but now promises to find you and to send the letter if he gets the bundle. It is a terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love.","I have been very anxious to send you and Mr. B. something to eat but they tell me it is vain to hope it would ever reach you. I think a great deal of you and wonder how you bear the hardships of camp life. Oh! I hope you can look to God as your friend and Father and can hope that through the merits of your saviour, your sins are pardoned. You have had many warnings, in the loss of those dear to you, that you should also be in a state of preparation for death. I hope you will think of this and that God who has afflicted you will also comfort you.","Your Uncle's family will leave here on Monday evening for the country, and as we cannot now get to Fredericksburg we shall go with them. If we could have kept clear of the Yankees we intended to have returned to live with T. and your sisters, but I cannot put myself in the power of our enemies without protection. The Doctor you know cannot return, but is obliged to remain here. He seems truly unhappy about his family. We are going by the canal to some place in Albemarle. I shall leave my direction with Mrs. Daniel and when you write send the letter to her\nand she will forward it to me. You can send it with Johnnie's.","I dislike much to go, for I shall feel more cut off from you and your sisters than ever, but your Uncle thinks it necessary to place us in a place of comparative safety and also of freedom from the turmoil of the city. Your Aunt Louisa sends her love to you. She has not been well but I\nhope when she has country air, and quiet, she will be better. Give my love to Mr. Bruce. Write me whenever you can and believe me your ever affectionate Aunt A. M. B.","Fluvanna, June 26","Dear Sam: \nI should have answered both your letter and Mrs. Daniel's which I received by Mrs. Brent, but I have been more indisposed lately and when mail day came felt too weak to make even that exertion. My complaint is the same to which I referred in a former letter to Mrs. D., not dangerous but very weakening and troublesome.","Your last was more satisfactory, but still tells nothing of your real self, you thoughts and feeling, why do you not speak of your hopes for the future, your chances of promotion,or you might say whether camp life has a good or bad influence on yourself. I know Dear Sam you have felt your afflictions deeply and to one of your affectionate heart the situation of your sisters must be a source of constant anxiety, but you repress all these feelings, and in writing to an old and constant friend, on who deeply shares your cares, you say nothing. Oh my dear, this is not right. I think I would give more to know the state of your mind and heart than to be sure that Jackson had come to Richmond and defeated McClellan, but I will say no more.","I hope you will not be so imprudent as to go to Fredericksburg. It could do no possible good and might result in a long imprisonment and add to our other misfortunes, the bitterest of all. Dr. Daniel must be a complete will of wisp, the first letter I received from him was from the canal boat. He there says he is going to Charlottesville and that he should remain there some\ntime. I immediately wrote to him there, which letter he never received. He next writes me a short note, and says he is staying at Mr. Jas. Scott's, and that I must direct to him at Harrises P. O., Louisa County, to the care of Mr. Scott. I again obeyed and enclosed a letter to Fenton\nand Sugar which I hoped he might find means of sending. He says he has had no definite news from Fenton but had sent her a verbal message. The date of his note is 7 of June, it is very short and quite unsatisfactory. Since then I have not heard a word from him or from our dear ones in Fredericksburg.","I would like to consult him about my own case if I could get at him. There is a Dr. Wynn who lives quite near and who has treated your Uncle's children very successfully, but I dread a strange doctor so much, that I have not yet consulted him. I was truly glad to hear that you were better and hope will continue to improve. You do not say whether Dr. Tucker continues to practice on you.","Your uncle H. is obliged to be in Richmond by the 10th of July. You must try to see him. He told me he had been looking for you for some time before he found you. He is I know as kindly disposed towards you as possible, and I have had a long talk with him about you and your affairs. He returned here to find his youngest child at the point of death. I have never seen so ill a child. She is now almost well, only weak. You must thank Mrs. Daniel for her letter and for the papers and for her kindness to you. Give my love to her and say that I will write to her as\nsoon as possible. And now God bless and protect you dear Sam. Write soon and often to your true friend, Aunt M. Brooke. Your Aunt Louisa has been suffering with a very sore eye. She sends much love to you.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nAugst. 18th, 1863","Dear Sister-- \nI wrote a long letter to sister Fenton yesterday \u0026 have, I believe, written myself out of news \u0026 and everything else. I am afraid I shall have to write you a short and uninteresting letter.","We heard yesterday that the Yankees has retreated to the other side of the Rappahanock. What their next move might\nbe I don't know. Some seem to think that they will go on the peninsulas or somewhere on the south side of the James\nRiver, but I do not think so. I think they will always keep an army between us \u0026 Washington, \u0026 their army is now too weak to be divided.","Fenton says in her letter that she \u0026 the Dr. have gotten situations in Camp Jackson. Where is Camp Jackson? I do not remember ever to have heard of it. I hope they will be comfortably fixed \u0026 succeed as well as they wish in their new situation. I expect that Maj. Bruce will get a transfer to Engineering dept: he is applying for it. I hope he will succeed. He is tired to death I know with this kind of service and so am I. Marching I do detest \u0026 fighting I love no better, but there is no other alternative for me. I am not an Engineer \u0026 anything else that I know of but a blockhead an annoyance to myself and all concerned with me. I had thought of running off \u0026 jumping aboard the Florida or something of the sort\nbut when I reflected that the Florida was probably too far from shore for me to jump into her I abandoned the idea.","We are however very comfortably fixed here, have a tent \u0026 plenty of beef to eat, etc. I have not been out of camp but once since I have been here, they are very strict and no one can leave camp without a pass signed by a Maj. Genl. It is most agreeably cool this morning, something like fall, heretofore it has been scorching hot \u0026 I am glad to see a prospect for a more agreeable spell. I have been looking out for another letter from some of you. When I am not on duty I just lie in my tent and calculate the probability of my getting a letter on that day or the next and am almost always disappointed. I do not believe I get half the letters you write me. I have not heard but once from you since you married \u0026 that has been a month ago. One letter a month! But I know you have a great many things to occupy your mind.","Dr. Bankhead has just come in \u0026 I have to entertain him as no one else is here. He comes over very frequently. I am\nafraid I shall have to cut my letter short as I have been talking to him until it is nearly time for the mail to go. I shall look daily for a letter from some of you. How are the girls in Danville? I hope you will be able to find a school they will like better something more private than a regular boarding school I would suggest. I think there are serious objections to a boarding school such as I imagine [Mr. Dames'?] to be but you all know more about all that than I do. I would give anything to see you all if it was only for 5 minutes, but it is an impossibility to do so now. We have now but 6 officers in the whole Regiment exclusive of the Field \u0026 staff. The Regt. is divided into 5 companies commanded by Capts. Wharton, Woolfolk, Garland, Green \u0026 myself, \u0026 one Lieutenant. Clarence Woolfolk is now Capt. I suppose that you knew that before. I must now close as it is moving near to the time when the mail starts \u0026 Dr. B is dinging in my ears so I can not write. Write to me soon very soon. Give my best love to Mr. A__, Aunt Louisa, Fenton, the Dr. \u0026 the boys. Give my best love to the Girls when you write to them \u0026 remember me to all enquiring friends. \nYour devoted brother, Saml. S. Brooke.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nMarch 27, 1864","My dear Sister-- \nI received your letter yesterday and had only one fault to find with that was it was too short. You gave me a great deal of news nevertheless. I suppose by the time you get this Peter Hull will have arrived in town. You must know that Peter and myself are rivals either for Miss Monie\nor Miss Millie I don't know which, so you must spy upon him and watch him even as the cat doeth the small rat and report promptly all things of suspicious nature. I want to be even with him when he comes to camp, for when I came back he knew everything I had said and done while I was down there. You said in your letter that Miss Monie had deserted me \"Entre nous.\" I don't care a fig if she has but you need [not] let her think that. I want to have some fun out of Peter Hull, he is evidently extremely jealous of me but I can't tell exactly whether it is Miss Monie or Miss Millie he doth affect the most. Whichever one it is there am I also. I expect you are tired of this nonsense but really it is so dull up here that I have nothing to write about.","I suppose you saw in the papers an account of the Tournament we had up here. It was a poor affair I thought, and the Queen of Love and Beauty was as ugly as a stump fence. They are going to have another on a grander scale soon I believe. I will give you a full description of it\nwhen it occurs. Capt. Green I believe will ride. None others from the Regt. have any hand in it. If either of the Miss \"M's\" would come up I would probably scare up an Ishmaelite and tilt for them, don't tell them I said so.","Everything is extremely quiet here. Snow fell to the depth of several inches and it rained all day yesterday so I suppose Old Meade will be weather bound for a few weeks. I do not now think we will go to Tennessee, it was merely a rumor that I mentioned before when it was thought\nthat all the severe fighting would be done in the South West. It is now thought that yet another grand effort to take Richmond this year will be made by \"Grant\" in \"Propria persona\" who will doubtless follow in the foot steps of his illustrious predecessors and walk the plank into obscurity after his first engagement with Uncle Bob Lee.","There is nothing as yet particularly cheering or disheartening in the Military horizon. I think the\nprospect for an active and laborious campaign in Virginia is pretty clear and we will again this spring renew our old occupation and struggle between life and death for six more weary months. A pleasant thing to contemplate to one who has experience it. As to peace Heaven only knows when that will come. I suppose however that war can't last forever but I can see no indication of an early peace. We have gotten so used to war now that aplenty to eat is all we look for. We expect to make this our trade for we have become fitted for nothing else now.","Tell Maria I received her letter a few days ago and am much gratified at it and will answer it soon. I hope she will write to me again soon. I have been so uncomfortably fixed this bad weather and having to appear at times as witness before Courts Martial that I have postponed\nwriting from time to time, and I wrote such a flood of them at first. I thought I would have off a while.","I am surprised Jennie did not get her letter. I sent it by private hands but who it was I have really forgotten, either Jno. Dent or Tom Berry I think, but it was an uninteresting letter anyway so she lost nothing.","I suppose you and Jennie will be over with Maria by the time this gets to you, or ready to go at all events. I would like very much to drop in to see you a little while but there is no chance of that now. I might have gotten a few days some time ago probably but made no attempt to do\nso. I have had my share this winter and do not expect to see you all again until this campaign is over if I am so fortunate as to survive the storm that will soon burst over us.","Will Fenton \u0026 Mrs. D continue their boarding house at the present high prices? I cannot tell how they manage to get anything eatable now up here where the army has been camped so long. You cannot get anything for love or money and we have to depend on our rations entirely which amount to 1/4 lb. bacon per day apiece about as big as your two fore fingers and a 1/2 lb. flour or meal. I hope however it may get no worse for I can hardly tell where on earth they get this from but I hope it will hold out until the campaign is over at all.","The Samuel S. Brooke papers consist of the personal papers (11 items) Brooke. The papers include five letters (dated 1862-1864) to and from family members that are largely concerned with personal family matters, but include some references to the Civil War and civilian life in Fredericksburg and Richmond, Virginia. Other topics include the 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including comments about camp life.","In addition to correspondence, the papers contain commissions, orders, certificates, and other official documents dating from Brooke's Civil War service and later life.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the retreat of the Confederate troops and her fear of the impending occupation of the city by Union troops commanded by General Augur.","Written from from Richmond, Virginia. Letter gives Samuel S. Brooke the news of his mother's death, laments the \"terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love,\" and gives news that the family is leaving Richmond to go to countryside.","Written from Fluvanna, Virginia. Letter regards family news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and general Civil War news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and family news.","Document commissions Samuel S. Brooke as a 2nd Lieutenant.","Special Orders No. 288. Samuel S. Brooke is sent on a recruiting trip.","Issued by the office of Provost Marshall, Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Regards the estate of Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr.","Appoints Samuel S. Brooke Captain of Roanoke Light Infantry, Virginia Volunteers.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0221","/repositories/3/resources/606"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"creator_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"creators_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1861","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 47th","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1861","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 47th","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Women","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11 items"],"extent_tesim":["11 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Military commissions","Orders (military records)","Certificates"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bulk of the Samuel S. Brooke papers are avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1923\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bulk of the Samuel S. Brooke papers are avaliable  online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Selden Brooke was born on November 10, 1841 in Stafford County, Virginia to Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr. and Angelina Edrington. Brooke enrolled at VMI in July 1857 and was a cadet for one year. He subsequently attended the University of Virginia, and in April 1861, he joined the Confederate Army.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn May 1861 Brooke commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant with Company I, 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment. In May 1862 he was promoted to Captain. He served with this unit until the end of the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the War, Brooke resided in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where he studied law and opened a practice. In 1882 he moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where he was a newspaper editor and Clerk of Court. He married Bettie Lewis Young in 1872 and the couple had six children: Samuel, Henry, Edgar, Vena, Sarah, and Cary. Brooke died on January 10, 1918 in Roanoke.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Selden Brooke was born on November 10, 1841 in Stafford County, Virginia to Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr. and Angelina Edrington. Brooke enrolled at VMI in July 1857 and was a cadet for one year. He subsequently attended the University of Virginia, and in April 1861, he joined the Confederate Army.","In May 1861 Brooke commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant with Company I, 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment. In May 1862 he was promoted to Captain. He served with this unit until the end of the Civil War.","After the War, Brooke resided in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where he studied law and opened a practice. In 1882 he moved to Roanoke, Virginia, where he was a newspaper editor and Clerk of Court. He married Bettie Lewis Young in 1872 and the couple had six children: Samuel, Henry, Edgar, Vena, Sarah, and Cary. Brooke died on January 10, 1918 in Roanoke."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFredericksburg, April 17th/62\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sam \u0026amp; Mr. Bruce-\u003cbr\u003e\nThe Yankees will be in town today at eleven o'clock. This may be the last letter I shall be able to write you for some time. The enemy took Falmouth yesterday. Our forces retreated yesterday, and now not a Confederate flag, soldier, or tent can be seen. Our force is said to\nhave been [3,200?], the Yankees are estimated at from 15,000 to 8001. We had some skirmishing with them and lost a man or two, several men wounded, we killed several of the enemy. It was the saddest sight I ever saw, to see our men retreating yesterday, almost at double quick, leaving us behind to the enemy, and the black smoke rolling up from the burning bridges.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey sent a white flag over yesterday and we sent some men with one back to them. Then two Yankees came over and said, \"Gen. Augur (their Gen.) said he would take possession of the city at eleven oclock today and that private property should be respected,\" but who believes a\nword they say. We tried to hide every thing we could yesterday. I am afraid Mr. William Moncure is going to leave us. I suppose you know we have Mrs. W. Moncure \u0026amp; family \u0026amp; Mrs. Bankhead with us. We have gotten fixed in our new home and are as comfortable as circumstances admit. Mr. [A___t] is very kind to us. Yesterday he was here three times--we value a friend now highly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA great many people left town yesterday. The trains will only run to [__lford] now. The last one went out yesterday. I do wish we was behind the lines and feel much afraid of the Yankees, but I know it was impossible for us to go, and we will have to make the best of it. It all looks very dark now, but I know nothing happens by chance, and whatever is, must be the best for us. I do hope brighter days are coming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond, May 17th\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sam:\u003cbr\u003e\nI write this letter with a sad heart because besides my own sorrow I have melancholy tidings for you. It deeply grieves me to tell you your poor mother is dead. I received the melancholy news through a letter from Sugar which I did not receive until it had been written a week. She seems to have been much worse after they moved, took a great dislike to stimulants (by which her strength had been kept up), grew gradually weaker to the last. I wish I could say anything to comfort you, dear Sam, but I know your affectionate heart will deeply mourn her loss. Her\nlife has lately been one of constant suffering. This is now over. Let us hope she has found that rest and peace she so much desired.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wrote you more than a week ago and sent the letter with a bundle Mrs. St. G. Tucker was sending to Mr. Tucker, but I now find it has never reached you. Mr. Tucker came in very unexpectedly yesterday and says he has never received his bundle and also that he has not seen you and did not know you were with the army, but now promises to find you and to send the letter if he gets the bundle. It is a terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have been very anxious to send you and Mr. B. something to eat but they tell me it is vain to hope it would ever reach you. I think a great deal of you and wonder how you bear the hardships of camp life. Oh! I hope you can look to God as your friend and Father and can hope that through the merits of your saviour, your sins are pardoned. You have had many warnings, in the loss of those dear to you, that you should also be in a state of preparation for death. I hope you will think of this and that God who has afflicted you will also comfort you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour Uncle's family will leave here on Monday evening for the country, and as we cannot now get to Fredericksburg we shall go with them. If we could have kept clear of the Yankees we intended to have returned to live with T. and your sisters, but I cannot put myself in the power of our enemies without protection. The Doctor you know cannot return, but is obliged to remain here. He seems truly unhappy about his family. We are going by the canal to some place in Albemarle. I shall leave my direction with Mrs. Daniel and when you write send the letter to her\nand she will forward it to me. You can send it with Johnnie's.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI dislike much to go, for I shall feel more cut off from you and your sisters than ever, but your Uncle thinks it necessary to place us in a place of comparative safety and also of freedom from the turmoil of the city. Your Aunt Louisa sends her love to you. She has not been well but I\nhope when she has country air, and quiet, she will be better. Give my love to Mr. Bruce. Write me whenever you can and believe me your ever affectionate Aunt A. M. B.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFluvanna, June 26\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sam:\u003cbr\u003e\nI should have answered both your letter and Mrs. Daniel's which I received by Mrs. Brent, but I have been more indisposed lately and when mail day came felt too weak to make even that exertion. My complaint is the same to which I referred in a former letter to Mrs. D., not dangerous but very weakening and troublesome.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour last was more satisfactory, but still tells nothing of your real self, you thoughts and feeling, why do you not speak of your hopes for the future, your chances of promotion,or you might say whether camp life has a good or bad influence on yourself. I know Dear Sam you have felt your afflictions deeply and to one of your affectionate heart the situation of your sisters must be a source of constant anxiety, but you repress all these feelings, and in writing to an old and constant friend, on who deeply shares your cares, you say nothing. Oh my dear, this is not right. I think I would give more to know the state of your mind and heart than to be sure that Jackson had come to Richmond and defeated McClellan, but I will say no more.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hope you will not be so imprudent as to go to Fredericksburg. It could do no possible good and might result in a long imprisonment and add to our other misfortunes, the bitterest of all. Dr. Daniel must be a complete will of wisp, the first letter I received from him was from the canal boat. He there says he is going to Charlottesville and that he should remain there some\ntime. I immediately wrote to him there, which letter he never received. He next writes me a short note, and says he is staying at Mr. Jas. Scott's, and that I must direct to him at Harrises P. O., Louisa County, to the care of Mr. Scott. I again obeyed and enclosed a letter to Fenton\nand Sugar which I hoped he might find means of sending. He says he has had no definite news from Fenton but had sent her a verbal message. The date of his note is 7 of June, it is very short and quite unsatisfactory. Since then I have not heard a word from him or from our dear ones in Fredericksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI would like to consult him about my own case if I could get at him. There is a Dr. Wynn who lives quite near and who has treated your Uncle's children very successfully, but I dread a strange doctor so much, that I have not yet consulted him. I was truly glad to hear that you were better and hope will continue to improve. You do not say whether Dr. Tucker continues to practice on you.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour uncle H. is obliged to be in Richmond by the 10th of July. You must try to see him. He told me he had been looking for you for some time before he found you. He is I know as kindly disposed towards you as possible, and I have had a long talk with him about you and your affairs. He returned here to find his youngest child at the point of death. I have never seen so ill a child. She is now almost well, only weak. You must thank Mrs. Daniel for her letter and for the papers and for her kindness to you. Give my love to her and say that I will write to her as\nsoon as possible. And now God bless and protect you dear Sam. Write soon and often to your true friend, Aunt M. Brooke. Your Aunt Louisa has been suffering with a very sore eye. She sends much love to you.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Orange C. H.\u003cbr\u003e\nAugst. 18th, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister--\u003cbr\u003e\nI wrote a long letter to sister Fenton yesterday \u0026amp; have, I believe, written myself out of news \u0026amp; and everything else. I am afraid I shall have to write you a short and uninteresting letter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe heard yesterday that the Yankees has retreated to the other side of the Rappahanock. What their next move might\nbe I don't know. Some seem to think that they will go on the peninsulas or somewhere on the south side of the James\nRiver, but I do not think so. I think they will always keep an army between us \u0026amp; Washington, \u0026amp; their army is now too weak to be divided.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFenton says in her letter that she \u0026amp; the Dr. have gotten situations in Camp Jackson. Where is Camp Jackson? I do not remember ever to have heard of it. I hope they will be comfortably fixed \u0026amp; succeed as well as they wish in their new situation. I expect that Maj. Bruce will get a transfer to Engineering dept: he is applying for it. I hope he will succeed. He is tired to death I know with this kind of service and so am I. Marching I do detest \u0026amp; fighting I love no better, but there is no other alternative for me. I am not an Engineer \u0026amp; anything else that I know of but a blockhead an annoyance to myself and all concerned with me. I had thought of running off \u0026amp; jumping aboard the Florida or something of the sort\nbut when I reflected that the Florida was probably too far from shore for me to jump into her I abandoned the idea.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are however very comfortably fixed here, have a tent \u0026amp; plenty of beef to eat, etc. I have not been out of camp but once since I have been here, they are very strict and no one can leave camp without a pass signed by a Maj. Genl. It is most agreeably cool this morning, something like fall, heretofore it has been scorching hot \u0026amp; I am glad to see a prospect for a more agreeable spell. I have been looking out for another letter from some of you. When I am not on duty I just lie in my tent and calculate the probability of my getting a letter on that day or the next and am almost always disappointed. I do not believe I get half the letters you write me. I have not heard but once from you since you married \u0026amp; that has been a month ago. One letter a month! But I know you have a great many things to occupy your mind.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Bankhead has just come in \u0026amp; I have to entertain him as no one else is here. He comes over very frequently. I am\nafraid I shall have to cut my letter short as I have been talking to him until it is nearly time for the mail to go. I shall look daily for a letter from some of you. How are the girls in Danville? I hope you will be able to find a school they will like better something more private than a regular boarding school I would suggest. I think there are serious objections to a boarding school such as I imagine [Mr. Dames'?] to be but you all know more about all that than I do. I would give anything to see you all if it was only for 5 minutes, but it is an impossibility to do so now. We have now but 6 officers in the whole Regiment exclusive of the Field \u0026amp; staff. The Regt. is divided into 5 companies commanded by Capts. Wharton, Woolfolk, Garland, Green \u0026amp; myself, \u0026amp; one Lieutenant. Clarence Woolfolk is now Capt. I suppose that you knew that before. I must now close as it is moving near to the time when the mail starts \u0026amp; Dr. B is dinging in my ears so I can not write. Write to me soon very soon. Give my best love to Mr. A__, Aunt Louisa, Fenton, the Dr. \u0026amp; the boys. Give my best love to the Girls when you write to them \u0026amp; remember me to all enquiring friends.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted brother, Saml. S. Brooke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Orange C. H.\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 27, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy dear Sister--\u003cbr\u003e\nI received your letter yesterday and had only one fault to find with that was it was too short. You gave me a great deal of news nevertheless. I suppose by the time you get this Peter Hull will have arrived in town. You must know that Peter and myself are rivals either for Miss Monie\nor Miss Millie I don't know which, so you must spy upon him and watch him even as the cat doeth the small rat and report promptly all things of suspicious nature. I want to be even with him when he comes to camp, for when I came back he knew everything I had said and done while I was down there. You said in your letter that Miss Monie had deserted me \"Entre nous.\" I don't care a fig if she has but you need [not] let her think that. I want to have some fun out of Peter Hull, he is evidently extremely jealous of me but I can't tell exactly whether it is Miss Monie or Miss Millie he doth affect the most. Whichever one it is there am I also. I expect you are tired of this nonsense but really it is so dull up here that I have nothing to write about.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI suppose you saw in the papers an account of the Tournament we had up here. It was a poor affair I thought, and the Queen of Love and Beauty was as ugly as a stump fence. They are going to have another on a grander scale soon I believe. I will give you a full description of it\nwhen it occurs. Capt. Green I believe will ride. None others from the Regt. have any hand in it. If either of the Miss \"M's\" would come up I would probably scare up an Ishmaelite and tilt for them, don't tell them I said so.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEverything is extremely quiet here. Snow fell to the depth of several inches and it rained all day yesterday so I suppose Old Meade will be weather bound for a few weeks. I do not now think we will go to Tennessee, it was merely a rumor that I mentioned before when it was thought\nthat all the severe fighting would be done in the South West. It is now thought that yet another grand effort to take Richmond this year will be made by \"Grant\" in \"Propria persona\" who will doubtless follow in the foot steps of his illustrious predecessors and walk the plank into obscurity after his first engagement with Uncle Bob Lee.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is nothing as yet particularly cheering or disheartening in the Military horizon. I think the\nprospect for an active and laborious campaign in Virginia is pretty clear and we will again this spring renew our old occupation and struggle between life and death for six more weary months. A pleasant thing to contemplate to one who has experience it. As to peace Heaven only knows when that will come. I suppose however that war can't last forever but I can see no indication of an early peace. We have gotten so used to war now that aplenty to eat is all we look for. We expect to make this our trade for we have become fitted for nothing else now.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Maria I received her letter a few days ago and am much gratified at it and will answer it soon. I hope she will write to me again soon. I have been so uncomfortably fixed this bad weather and having to appear at times as witness before Courts Martial that I have postponed\nwriting from time to time, and I wrote such a flood of them at first. I thought I would have off a while.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am surprised Jennie did not get her letter. I sent it by private hands but who it was I have really forgotten, either Jno. Dent or Tom Berry I think, but it was an uninteresting letter anyway so she lost nothing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI suppose you and Jennie will be over with Maria by the time this gets to you, or ready to go at all events. I would like very much to drop in to see you a little while but there is no chance of that now. I might have gotten a few days some time ago probably but made no attempt to do\nso. I have had my share this winter and do not expect to see you all again until this campaign is over if I am so fortunate as to survive the storm that will soon burst over us.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWill Fenton \u0026amp; Mrs. D continue their boarding house at the present high prices? I cannot tell how they manage to get anything eatable now up here where the army has been camped so long. You cannot get anything for love or money and we have to depend on our rations entirely which amount to 1/4 lb. bacon per day apiece about as big as your two fore fingers and a 1/2 lb. flour or meal. I hope however it may get no worse for I can hardly tell where on earth they get this from but I hope it will hold out until the campaign is over at all.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Fredericksburg, April 17th/62","Dear Sam \u0026 Mr. Bruce- \nThe Yankees will be in town today at eleven o'clock. This may be the last letter I shall be able to write you for some time. The enemy took Falmouth yesterday. Our forces retreated yesterday, and now not a Confederate flag, soldier, or tent can be seen. Our force is said to\nhave been [3,200?], the Yankees are estimated at from 15,000 to 8001. We had some skirmishing with them and lost a man or two, several men wounded, we killed several of the enemy. It was the saddest sight I ever saw, to see our men retreating yesterday, almost at double quick, leaving us behind to the enemy, and the black smoke rolling up from the burning bridges.","They sent a white flag over yesterday and we sent some men with one back to them. Then two Yankees came over and said, \"Gen. Augur (their Gen.) said he would take possession of the city at eleven oclock today and that private property should be respected,\" but who believes a\nword they say. We tried to hide every thing we could yesterday. I am afraid Mr. William Moncure is going to leave us. I suppose you know we have Mrs. W. Moncure \u0026 family \u0026 Mrs. Bankhead with us. We have gotten fixed in our new home and are as comfortable as circumstances admit. Mr. [A___t] is very kind to us. Yesterday he was here three times--we value a friend now highly.","A great many people left town yesterday. The trains will only run to [__lford] now. The last one went out yesterday. I do wish we was behind the lines and feel much afraid of the Yankees, but I know it was impossible for us to go, and we will have to make the best of it. It all looks very dark now, but I know nothing happens by chance, and whatever is, must be the best for us. I do hope brighter days are coming.","Richmond, May 17th","Dear Sam: \nI write this letter with a sad heart because besides my own sorrow I have melancholy tidings for you. It deeply grieves me to tell you your poor mother is dead. I received the melancholy news through a letter from Sugar which I did not receive until it had been written a week. She seems to have been much worse after they moved, took a great dislike to stimulants (by which her strength had been kept up), grew gradually weaker to the last. I wish I could say anything to comfort you, dear Sam, but I know your affectionate heart will deeply mourn her loss. Her\nlife has lately been one of constant suffering. This is now over. Let us hope she has found that rest and peace she so much desired.","I wrote you more than a week ago and sent the letter with a bundle Mrs. St. G. Tucker was sending to Mr. Tucker, but I now find it has never reached you. Mr. Tucker came in very unexpectedly yesterday and says he has never received his bundle and also that he has not seen you and did not know you were with the army, but now promises to find you and to send the letter if he gets the bundle. It is a terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love.","I have been very anxious to send you and Mr. B. something to eat but they tell me it is vain to hope it would ever reach you. I think a great deal of you and wonder how you bear the hardships of camp life. Oh! I hope you can look to God as your friend and Father and can hope that through the merits of your saviour, your sins are pardoned. You have had many warnings, in the loss of those dear to you, that you should also be in a state of preparation for death. I hope you will think of this and that God who has afflicted you will also comfort you.","Your Uncle's family will leave here on Monday evening for the country, and as we cannot now get to Fredericksburg we shall go with them. If we could have kept clear of the Yankees we intended to have returned to live with T. and your sisters, but I cannot put myself in the power of our enemies without protection. The Doctor you know cannot return, but is obliged to remain here. He seems truly unhappy about his family. We are going by the canal to some place in Albemarle. I shall leave my direction with Mrs. Daniel and when you write send the letter to her\nand she will forward it to me. You can send it with Johnnie's.","I dislike much to go, for I shall feel more cut off from you and your sisters than ever, but your Uncle thinks it necessary to place us in a place of comparative safety and also of freedom from the turmoil of the city. Your Aunt Louisa sends her love to you. She has not been well but I\nhope when she has country air, and quiet, she will be better. Give my love to Mr. Bruce. Write me whenever you can and believe me your ever affectionate Aunt A. M. B.","Fluvanna, June 26","Dear Sam: \nI should have answered both your letter and Mrs. Daniel's which I received by Mrs. Brent, but I have been more indisposed lately and when mail day came felt too weak to make even that exertion. My complaint is the same to which I referred in a former letter to Mrs. D., not dangerous but very weakening and troublesome.","Your last was more satisfactory, but still tells nothing of your real self, you thoughts and feeling, why do you not speak of your hopes for the future, your chances of promotion,or you might say whether camp life has a good or bad influence on yourself. I know Dear Sam you have felt your afflictions deeply and to one of your affectionate heart the situation of your sisters must be a source of constant anxiety, but you repress all these feelings, and in writing to an old and constant friend, on who deeply shares your cares, you say nothing. Oh my dear, this is not right. I think I would give more to know the state of your mind and heart than to be sure that Jackson had come to Richmond and defeated McClellan, but I will say no more.","I hope you will not be so imprudent as to go to Fredericksburg. It could do no possible good and might result in a long imprisonment and add to our other misfortunes, the bitterest of all. Dr. Daniel must be a complete will of wisp, the first letter I received from him was from the canal boat. He there says he is going to Charlottesville and that he should remain there some\ntime. I immediately wrote to him there, which letter he never received. He next writes me a short note, and says he is staying at Mr. Jas. Scott's, and that I must direct to him at Harrises P. O., Louisa County, to the care of Mr. Scott. I again obeyed and enclosed a letter to Fenton\nand Sugar which I hoped he might find means of sending. He says he has had no definite news from Fenton but had sent her a verbal message. The date of his note is 7 of June, it is very short and quite unsatisfactory. Since then I have not heard a word from him or from our dear ones in Fredericksburg.","I would like to consult him about my own case if I could get at him. There is a Dr. Wynn who lives quite near and who has treated your Uncle's children very successfully, but I dread a strange doctor so much, that I have not yet consulted him. I was truly glad to hear that you were better and hope will continue to improve. You do not say whether Dr. Tucker continues to practice on you.","Your uncle H. is obliged to be in Richmond by the 10th of July. You must try to see him. He told me he had been looking for you for some time before he found you. He is I know as kindly disposed towards you as possible, and I have had a long talk with him about you and your affairs. He returned here to find his youngest child at the point of death. I have never seen so ill a child. She is now almost well, only weak. You must thank Mrs. Daniel for her letter and for the papers and for her kindness to you. Give my love to her and say that I will write to her as\nsoon as possible. And now God bless and protect you dear Sam. Write soon and often to your true friend, Aunt M. Brooke. Your Aunt Louisa has been suffering with a very sore eye. She sends much love to you.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nAugst. 18th, 1863","Dear Sister-- \nI wrote a long letter to sister Fenton yesterday \u0026 have, I believe, written myself out of news \u0026 and everything else. I am afraid I shall have to write you a short and uninteresting letter.","We heard yesterday that the Yankees has retreated to the other side of the Rappahanock. What their next move might\nbe I don't know. Some seem to think that they will go on the peninsulas or somewhere on the south side of the James\nRiver, but I do not think so. I think they will always keep an army between us \u0026 Washington, \u0026 their army is now too weak to be divided.","Fenton says in her letter that she \u0026 the Dr. have gotten situations in Camp Jackson. Where is Camp Jackson? I do not remember ever to have heard of it. I hope they will be comfortably fixed \u0026 succeed as well as they wish in their new situation. I expect that Maj. Bruce will get a transfer to Engineering dept: he is applying for it. I hope he will succeed. He is tired to death I know with this kind of service and so am I. Marching I do detest \u0026 fighting I love no better, but there is no other alternative for me. I am not an Engineer \u0026 anything else that I know of but a blockhead an annoyance to myself and all concerned with me. I had thought of running off \u0026 jumping aboard the Florida or something of the sort\nbut when I reflected that the Florida was probably too far from shore for me to jump into her I abandoned the idea.","We are however very comfortably fixed here, have a tent \u0026 plenty of beef to eat, etc. I have not been out of camp but once since I have been here, they are very strict and no one can leave camp without a pass signed by a Maj. Genl. It is most agreeably cool this morning, something like fall, heretofore it has been scorching hot \u0026 I am glad to see a prospect for a more agreeable spell. I have been looking out for another letter from some of you. When I am not on duty I just lie in my tent and calculate the probability of my getting a letter on that day or the next and am almost always disappointed. I do not believe I get half the letters you write me. I have not heard but once from you since you married \u0026 that has been a month ago. One letter a month! But I know you have a great many things to occupy your mind.","Dr. Bankhead has just come in \u0026 I have to entertain him as no one else is here. He comes over very frequently. I am\nafraid I shall have to cut my letter short as I have been talking to him until it is nearly time for the mail to go. I shall look daily for a letter from some of you. How are the girls in Danville? I hope you will be able to find a school they will like better something more private than a regular boarding school I would suggest. I think there are serious objections to a boarding school such as I imagine [Mr. Dames'?] to be but you all know more about all that than I do. I would give anything to see you all if it was only for 5 minutes, but it is an impossibility to do so now. We have now but 6 officers in the whole Regiment exclusive of the Field \u0026 staff. The Regt. is divided into 5 companies commanded by Capts. Wharton, Woolfolk, Garland, Green \u0026 myself, \u0026 one Lieutenant. Clarence Woolfolk is now Capt. I suppose that you knew that before. I must now close as it is moving near to the time when the mail starts \u0026 Dr. B is dinging in my ears so I can not write. Write to me soon very soon. Give my best love to Mr. A__, Aunt Louisa, Fenton, the Dr. \u0026 the boys. Give my best love to the Girls when you write to them \u0026 remember me to all enquiring friends. \nYour devoted brother, Saml. S. Brooke.","Camp near Orange C. H. \nMarch 27, 1864","My dear Sister-- \nI received your letter yesterday and had only one fault to find with that was it was too short. You gave me a great deal of news nevertheless. I suppose by the time you get this Peter Hull will have arrived in town. You must know that Peter and myself are rivals either for Miss Monie\nor Miss Millie I don't know which, so you must spy upon him and watch him even as the cat doeth the small rat and report promptly all things of suspicious nature. I want to be even with him when he comes to camp, for when I came back he knew everything I had said and done while I was down there. You said in your letter that Miss Monie had deserted me \"Entre nous.\" I don't care a fig if she has but you need [not] let her think that. I want to have some fun out of Peter Hull, he is evidently extremely jealous of me but I can't tell exactly whether it is Miss Monie or Miss Millie he doth affect the most. Whichever one it is there am I also. I expect you are tired of this nonsense but really it is so dull up here that I have nothing to write about.","I suppose you saw in the papers an account of the Tournament we had up here. It was a poor affair I thought, and the Queen of Love and Beauty was as ugly as a stump fence. They are going to have another on a grander scale soon I believe. I will give you a full description of it\nwhen it occurs. Capt. Green I believe will ride. None others from the Regt. have any hand in it. If either of the Miss \"M's\" would come up I would probably scare up an Ishmaelite and tilt for them, don't tell them I said so.","Everything is extremely quiet here. Snow fell to the depth of several inches and it rained all day yesterday so I suppose Old Meade will be weather bound for a few weeks. I do not now think we will go to Tennessee, it was merely a rumor that I mentioned before when it was thought\nthat all the severe fighting would be done in the South West. It is now thought that yet another grand effort to take Richmond this year will be made by \"Grant\" in \"Propria persona\" who will doubtless follow in the foot steps of his illustrious predecessors and walk the plank into obscurity after his first engagement with Uncle Bob Lee.","There is nothing as yet particularly cheering or disheartening in the Military horizon. I think the\nprospect for an active and laborious campaign in Virginia is pretty clear and we will again this spring renew our old occupation and struggle between life and death for six more weary months. A pleasant thing to contemplate to one who has experience it. As to peace Heaven only knows when that will come. I suppose however that war can't last forever but I can see no indication of an early peace. We have gotten so used to war now that aplenty to eat is all we look for. We expect to make this our trade for we have become fitted for nothing else now.","Tell Maria I received her letter a few days ago and am much gratified at it and will answer it soon. I hope she will write to me again soon. I have been so uncomfortably fixed this bad weather and having to appear at times as witness before Courts Martial that I have postponed\nwriting from time to time, and I wrote such a flood of them at first. I thought I would have off a while.","I am surprised Jennie did not get her letter. I sent it by private hands but who it was I have really forgotten, either Jno. Dent or Tom Berry I think, but it was an uninteresting letter anyway so she lost nothing.","I suppose you and Jennie will be over with Maria by the time this gets to you, or ready to go at all events. I would like very much to drop in to see you a little while but there is no chance of that now. I might have gotten a few days some time ago probably but made no attempt to do\nso. I have had my share this winter and do not expect to see you all again until this campaign is over if I am so fortunate as to survive the storm that will soon burst over us.","Will Fenton \u0026 Mrs. D continue their boarding house at the present high prices? I cannot tell how they manage to get anything eatable now up here where the army has been camped so long. You cannot get anything for love or money and we have to depend on our rations entirely which amount to 1/4 lb. bacon per day apiece about as big as your two fore fingers and a 1/2 lb. flour or meal. I hope however it may get no worse for I can hardly tell where on earth they get this from but I hope it will hold out until the campaign is over at all."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel S. Brooke papers, 1861-1917. MS 0221. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Samuel S. Brooke papers, 1861-1917. MS 0221. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel S. Brooke papers consist of the personal papers (11 items) Brooke. The papers include five letters (dated 1862-1864) to and from family members that are largely concerned with personal family matters, but include some references to the Civil War and civilian life in Fredericksburg and Richmond, Virginia. Other topics include the 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including comments about camp life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to correspondence, the papers contain commissions, orders, certificates, and other official documents dating from Brooke's Civil War service and later life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the retreat of the Confederate troops and her fear of the impending occupation of the city by Union troops commanded by General Augur.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from from Richmond, Virginia. Letter gives Samuel S. Brooke the news of his mother's death, laments the \"terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love,\" and gives news that the family is leaving Richmond to go to countryside.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fluvanna, Virginia. Letter regards family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and general Civil War news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument commissions Samuel S. Brooke as a 2nd Lieutenant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Orders No. 288. Samuel S. Brooke is sent on a recruiting trip.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIssued by the office of Provost Marshall, Fredericksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegards the estate of Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppoints Samuel S. Brooke Captain of Roanoke Light Infantry, Virginia Volunteers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Samuel S. Brooke papers consist of the personal papers (11 items) Brooke. The papers include five letters (dated 1862-1864) to and from family members that are largely concerned with personal family matters, but include some references to the Civil War and civilian life in Fredericksburg and Richmond, Virginia. Other topics include the 47th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including comments about camp life.","In addition to correspondence, the papers contain commissions, orders, certificates, and other official documents dating from Brooke's Civil War service and later life.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the retreat of the Confederate troops and her fear of the impending occupation of the city by Union troops commanded by General Augur.","Written from from Richmond, Virginia. Letter gives Samuel S. Brooke the news of his mother's death, laments the \"terrible feature of this war that it cuts off all communication with those we love,\" and gives news that the family is leaving Richmond to go to countryside.","Written from Fluvanna, Virginia. Letter regards family news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and general Civil War news.","Written from Orange Court House, Virginia. Letter regards life in camp and family news.","Document commissions Samuel S. Brooke as a 2nd Lieutenant.","Special Orders No. 288. Samuel S. Brooke is sent on a recruiting trip.","Issued by the office of Provost Marshall, Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Regards the estate of Samuel Selden Brooke, Sr.","Appoints Samuel S. Brooke Captain of Roanoke Light Infantry, Virginia Volunteers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_cc34fecb0fd7d6f78c29af65af21b932\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Brooke, Samuel S. (Samuel Selden), 1841-1918","Letcher, John, 1813-1884"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Brooke, Samuel S. 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Selvage, Jr. commission"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alumni and VMI certificates and citations collection","Certificates and citations, individuals","Donald H. Selvage, Jr. commission"],"text":["Alumni and VMI certificates and citations collection","Certificates and citations, individuals","Donald H. Selvage, Jr. commission","United States Army commission","Selvage, Donald H., Jr. (Donald Hollis)","Selvage, Donald H., Jr. (Donald Hollis)","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1943","Military commissions","English"],"title_filing_ssi":"United States Army commission","title_ssm":["United States Army commission"],"title_tesim":["United States Army commission"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1953"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1953"],"normalized_title_ssm":["United States Army commission"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Alumni and VMI certificates and citations collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":50,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. 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He was killed in action while leading an assaulting platoon ahead of his regiment, near Verdun, France on October 2, 1918.","John H. Lattin, Jr. was killed in action in Vietnam on December 15, 1967.","J. Andrew Morson is the brother of VMI New Market cadet William A. Morson.","Kiffin Yates Rockwell attended VMI in 1909. During World War I he was accepted by the Service Aeronautique, began flight training in September 1915, and in April became one of the founding pilots in the squadron initially known as the Escadrille Americaine (later called the Lafayette Escadrille). In May 1916 while on patrol at the front, he became the first American pilot to down an enemy plane. Rockwell subsequently flew dozens of patrols and fought in many air battles, gaining fame for his skill and courage. His final combat took place on September 23, 1916, when his Nieuport was downed by the gunner in a German Albatross observation plane. Rockwell is buried in the cemetery at Luxeuil-les-Bains, France.","January 23, 1918. \nNumber 3. \nLa Fayette Flying Corps.","In recognition of the services rendered to France and her Allies for the cause of humanity, this certificate has been issued to S/Lieut Kiffin Yates Rockwell who served during the European war in the capacity of Pilot in the LaFayette Escadrille. Killed on Sept. 23, 1916.  Thereby in a measure repaying the great debt which America owes to France and contributing to the victory of Liberty and Civilization over military Autocracy and Barbarism.","This colllection consists of certificates, citations, commissions, and similar documentation associated with VMI alumni, faculty, staff, or VMI as a whole. The collection does not include VMI diplomas or literary society certificates, which are filed separately.","Certificate presented to Richard Baldwin (VMI Class of 1942) that commemorates his passage across the International Dateline.","A certificate (in French) appointing Lieutenant Colonel Arthur W. Belden, Jr. an honorary member of the French Foreign Legion in recognition of services rendered.","A certificate of honorary membership for faculty member Robert P. Carroll in the Phi Psi Chapter at the Medical College of Virginia.","This folder contains one cartoon/caricature (1981) presented to William H. Dabney relating to his assignment at the National Emergency Airborne Command Post, and one memorial resolution (2012) passed by the Virginia senate honoring the contributions of Dabney.","Certificate awarded to Samuel G. Davis for completion of courses in physics and astronomy.","Certificate from the Rockne-Meanwell School for Coaches, Football, and Basketball held at Washington and Lee University.","Includes the citation: \"In grateful memory of Major Frederick A. Hippey who died in the service of his country in the Asiatic Area, August 6, 1945\".  Signed by President Truman. ","Also included are three certificates in Chinese:\n Appointment of Hippey as an instructor in the artillery section of the Training Corps, Yunnan Branch of Military Council of China signed by Chiang Kai-shek, Head of Training Corps Certificate of award in consideration of meritorious services The Special Breast Order of the Cloud and Banner, presented by the National Government of China, Chiang Chung-Cheng, President, January 30, 1946","Two certificates, including an Honorary degree from Washington and Lee University and a membership certificate for the Sons of the American Revolution.","Two track and field team certificates for the 220 yard low hurdles.","Includes a citation (1946) that reads \"in grateful memory of Charles M. Millar who died in the service of his country,\" signed by President Harry S. Truman. Also includes a certificate (1943), humorous, U.S.S. Henderson, \"Solemn Mysteries of the Ancient Order of the Deep.\"","Citation for extraordinary heroism at Lucy le Bocage, France, June 1918.","\"Military Order of the Carabao\"","Commonwealth of Virginia recognition of Chesty Puller Day, June 26, 1998.","Certificates of course of study completion in various academic classes at VMI.","Certificates that appoint James T. Tosh as a sergeant in the 1st Infantry, and Medical Department, Virginia Volunteers.","Appoints Martin B. Wood as Judge, Scott County, Virginia.","Appointment certificates for the following honorary alumnus:\n Baldwin G. Locher Mary Moody Northe Virgil D. Bradley Richard H. Kemper, Sr. Robert Patterson Fredrik Wachtmeister Louis G. Kuchuris","VMI faculty traditionally receive commissions in the Virginia Militia, unorganized. This file contains historical examples of these documents.","Issued by New York Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller on the occasion of the opening of the Virginia Civil War Centennial Center in Richmond, Virginia. Confederate banners of the Fifth Virginia Cavalry captured during the Civil War were returned by the State of New York.","Certificate of appreciation for coaches clinic.","Awarded to cadet publications \"The Bomb\" and \"The Sniper.\"","Resolution honors VMI for winning the Southern Conference championship.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Oversized Case 1, Drawer 4","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Washington and Lee University","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering","Virginia Military Institute. Alumni Association","Sigma Nu","Phi Kapp Phi","Amory, Thomas D. (Thomas Dwyer), 1893-1918","Baldwin, Richard","Belden, Arthur W., Jr. (Arthur Williams)","Bissell, Norman M. (Norman Michael), 1938-2019","Brister, Charles M. (Charles Melville), 1889-?","Carroll, Robert P. \"Doc\"","Dabney, William H. (William Howard), 1934-2012","Daniels, Jonathan M. (Jonathan Myrick), 1939-1965","Davis, Samuel G. (Samuel Griffith), ?-1943","Elliott, Thomas N., Jr.","Foster, Charles E., Jr. (Charles Edgar), 1903-1938","Heflin, S. Murray (Sterling Murray)","Hippey, Frederick A. (Frederick Allen), ?-1945","Jamerson, Osmond T. (Osmond Tower), 1906-1975","Johnson, H. B., Jr. (Henry Belton), ?-1931","Lattin, John H., Jr., ?-1967","Mallory, Francis","Mapp, John A.","Millar, Charles M. (Charles Maynard), 1910-1946","Miller, Giles H., Jr. (Giles Henry)","Miller, John C. (John Craig)","Morson, William A. (William Alexander), 1843-1903","Pate, Randolph M. (Randolph McCall)","Pitkethly, David T.","Puller, Chesty, 1898-1971","Richards, James N. C. (James Neville Cocke), ?-1918","Rockwell, Kiffin Y. (Kiffin Yates), 1892-1916","Rosenbaum, Joseph M. (Joseph Marx), ?-1928","Selvage, Donald H., Jr. (Donald Hollis)","Sydnor, George W., Jr. (George Woodson)","Talman, Woods G. (Woods Garth)","Tosh, James T. (James Thomas), 1838-1894","Wise, Henry A. (Henry Alexander), 1874-1968","Wood, Martin B., 1845?-1908","Rockne, Knute, 1888-1931","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Morson, J. Andrew","Read, Hernando M.","James, Russell","Robb, Charles A., Governor","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0226.Oversized","/repositories/3/resources/777"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alumni and VMI certificates and citations collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alumni and VMI certificates and citations collection"],"collection_ssim":["Alumni and VMI certificates and citations collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Amory, Thomas D. (Thomas Dwyer), 1893-1918"],"creator_ssim":["Amory, Thomas D. (Thomas Dwyer), 1893-1918"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Amory, Thomas D. (Thomas Dwyer), 1893-1918"],"creators_ssim":["Amory, Thomas D. (Thomas Dwyer), 1893-1918"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. 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His final combat took place on September 23, 1916, when his Nieuport was downed by the gunner in a German Albatross observation plane. Rockwell is buried in the cemetery at Luxeuil-les-Bains, France.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Dwyer Amory (VMI Class of 1916) was a First Lieutenant, 26th Infantry (Regular), 1st Division, American Expeditionary Forces. He was killed in action while leading an assaulting platoon ahead of his regiment, near Verdun, France on October 2, 1918.","John H. Lattin, Jr. was killed in action in Vietnam on December 15, 1967.","J. Andrew Morson is the brother of VMI New Market cadet William A. Morson.","Kiffin Yates Rockwell attended VMI in 1909. During World War I he was accepted by the Service Aeronautique, began flight training in September 1915, and in April became one of the founding pilots in the squadron initially known as the Escadrille Americaine (later called the Lafayette Escadrille). In May 1916 while on patrol at the front, he became the first American pilot to down an enemy plane. Rockwell subsequently flew dozens of patrols and fought in many air battles, gaining fame for his skill and courage. His final combat took place on September 23, 1916, when his Nieuport was downed by the gunner in a German Albatross observation plane. Rockwell is buried in the cemetery at Luxeuil-les-Bains, France."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJanuary 23, 1918.\u003cbr\u003e\nNumber 3.\u003cbr\u003e\nLa Fayette Flying Corps.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn recognition of the services rendered to France and her Allies for the cause of humanity, this certificate has been issued to S/Lieut Kiffin Yates Rockwell who served during the European war in the capacity of Pilot in the LaFayette Escadrille. Killed on Sept. 23, 1916.  Thereby in a measure repaying the great debt which America owes to France and contributing to the victory of Liberty and Civilization over military Autocracy and Barbarism.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["January 23, 1918. \nNumber 3. \nLa Fayette Flying Corps.","In recognition of the services rendered to France and her Allies for the cause of humanity, this certificate has been issued to S/Lieut Kiffin Yates Rockwell who served during the European war in the capacity of Pilot in the LaFayette Escadrille. Killed on Sept. 23, 1916.  Thereby in a measure repaying the great debt which America owes to France and contributing to the victory of Liberty and Civilization over military Autocracy and Barbarism."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlumni and VMI certificates and citations collection, 1860-2013. MS 0226. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Alumni and VMI certificates and citations collection, 1860-2013. MS 0226. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis colllection consists of certificates, citations, commissions, and similar documentation associated with VMI alumni, faculty, staff, or VMI as a whole. The collection does not include VMI diplomas or literary society certificates, which are filed separately.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate presented to Richard Baldwin (VMI Class of 1942) that commemorates his passage across the International Dateline.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA certificate (in French) appointing Lieutenant Colonel Arthur W. Belden, Jr. an honorary member of the French Foreign Legion in recognition of services rendered.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA certificate of honorary membership for faculty member Robert P. Carroll in the Phi Psi Chapter at the Medical College of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains one cartoon/caricature (1981) presented to William H. Dabney relating to his assignment at the National Emergency Airborne Command Post, and one memorial resolution (2012) passed by the Virginia senate honoring the contributions of Dabney.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate awarded to Samuel G. Davis for completion of courses in physics and astronomy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate from the Rockne-Meanwell School for Coaches, Football, and Basketball held at Washington and Lee University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes the citation: \"In grateful memory of Major Frederick A. Hippey who died in the service of his country in the Asiatic Area, August 6, 1945\".  Signed by President Truman. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso included are three certificates in Chinese:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppointment of Hippey as an instructor in the artillery section of the Training Corps, Yunnan Branch of Military Council of China signed by Chiang Kai-shek, Head of Training Corps\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCertificate of award in consideration of meritorious services\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Special Breast Order of the Cloud and Banner, presented by the National Government of China, Chiang Chung-Cheng, President, January 30, 1946\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo certificates, including an Honorary degree from Washington and Lee University and a membership certificate for the Sons of the American Revolution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo track and field team certificates for the 220 yard low hurdles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a citation (1946) that reads \"in grateful memory of Charles M. Millar who died in the service of his country,\" signed by President Harry S. Truman. Also includes a certificate (1943), humorous, U.S.S. Henderson, \"Solemn Mysteries of the Ancient Order of the Deep.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCitation for extraordinary heroism at Lucy le Bocage, France, June 1918.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Military Order of the Carabao\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth of Virginia recognition of Chesty Puller Day, June 26, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificates of course of study completion in various academic classes at VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificates that appoint James T. Tosh as a sergeant in the 1st Infantry, and Medical Department, Virginia Volunteers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppoints Martin B. Wood as Judge, Scott County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppointment certificates for the following honorary alumnus:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBaldwin G. Locher\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMary Moody Northe\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVirgil D. Bradley\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRichard H. Kemper, Sr.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRobert Patterson\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFredrik Wachtmeister\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLouis G. Kuchuris\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVMI faculty traditionally receive commissions in the Virginia Militia, unorganized. This file contains historical examples of these documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIssued by New York Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller on the occasion of the opening of the Virginia Civil War Centennial Center in Richmond, Virginia. Confederate banners of the Fifth Virginia Cavalry captured during the Civil War were returned by the State of New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate of appreciation for coaches clinic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAwarded to cadet publications \"The Bomb\" and \"The Sniper.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResolution honors VMI for winning the Southern Conference championship.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This colllection consists of certificates, citations, commissions, and similar documentation associated with VMI alumni, faculty, staff, or VMI as a whole. 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Davis for completion of courses in physics and astronomy.","Certificate from the Rockne-Meanwell School for Coaches, Football, and Basketball held at Washington and Lee University.","Includes the citation: \"In grateful memory of Major Frederick A. Hippey who died in the service of his country in the Asiatic Area, August 6, 1945\".  Signed by President Truman. ","Also included are three certificates in Chinese:\n Appointment of Hippey as an instructor in the artillery section of the Training Corps, Yunnan Branch of Military Council of China signed by Chiang Kai-shek, Head of Training Corps Certificate of award in consideration of meritorious services The Special Breast Order of the Cloud and Banner, presented by the National Government of China, Chiang Chung-Cheng, President, January 30, 1946","Two certificates, including an Honorary degree from Washington and Lee University and a membership certificate for the Sons of the American Revolution.","Two track and field team certificates for the 220 yard low hurdles.","Includes a citation (1946) that reads \"in grateful memory of Charles M. Millar who died in the service of his country,\" signed by President Harry S. Truman. Also includes a certificate (1943), humorous, U.S.S. Henderson, \"Solemn Mysteries of the Ancient Order of the Deep.\"","Citation for extraordinary heroism at Lucy le Bocage, France, June 1918.","\"Military Order of the Carabao\"","Commonwealth of Virginia recognition of Chesty Puller Day, June 26, 1998.","Certificates of course of study completion in various academic classes at VMI.","Certificates that appoint James T. Tosh as a sergeant in the 1st Infantry, and Medical Department, Virginia Volunteers.","Appoints Martin B. Wood as Judge, Scott County, Virginia.","Appointment certificates for the following honorary alumnus:\n Baldwin G. Locher Mary Moody Northe Virgil D. Bradley Richard H. Kemper, Sr. Robert Patterson Fredrik Wachtmeister Louis G. Kuchuris","VMI faculty traditionally receive commissions in the Virginia Militia, unorganized. This file contains historical examples of these documents.","Issued by New York Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller on the occasion of the opening of the Virginia Civil War Centennial Center in Richmond, Virginia. Confederate banners of the Fifth Virginia Cavalry captured during the Civil War were returned by the State of New York.","Certificate of appreciation for coaches clinic.","Awarded to cadet publications \"The Bomb\" and \"The Sniper.\"","Resolution honors VMI for winning the Southern Conference championship."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. 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(Francis Marshall), 1837-1906","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Boykin, Francis M. (Francis Marshall), 1837-1906","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Military records","Military commissions","English","The Commonwealth of Virginia \nTo Francis M. Boykin, Jr Greeting:","Know you, that from special trust and confidence reposed in your fidelity, courage and good conduct, our Governor, in pursuance of the authority vested in him by an Ordinance of the Convention of the State of Virginia, doth commission you a Lieutenant Colonel in the active volunteer forces of the State, to rank as such from the 14th day of December 1861","In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name as Governor, and caused the Seal of the Commonwealth to be affixed, this 14th day of December 1861. \nJohn Letcher","Document appoints Francis M. 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Boykin, Jr Greeting:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKnow you, that from special trust and confidence reposed in your fidelity, courage and good conduct, our Governor, in pursuance of the authority vested in him by an Ordinance of the Convention of the State of Virginia, doth commission you a Lieutenant Colonel in the active volunteer forces of the State, to rank as such from the 14th day of December 1861\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name as Governor, and caused the Seal of the Commonwealth to be affixed, this 14th day of December 1861.\u003cbr/\u003e\nJohn Letcher\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["The Commonwealth of Virginia \nTo Francis M. Boykin, Jr Greeting:","Know you, that from special trust and confidence reposed in your fidelity, courage and good conduct, our Governor, in pursuance of the authority vested in him by an Ordinance of the Convention of the State of Virginia, doth commission you a Lieutenant Colonel in the active volunteer forces of the State, to rank as such from the 14th day of December 1861","In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name as Governor, and caused the Seal of the Commonwealth to be affixed, this 14th day of December 1861. \nJohn Letcher"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDocument appoints Francis M. Boykin to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, signed by Governor John Letcher.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Document appoints Francis M. Boykin to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, signed by Governor John Letcher."],"_nest_path_":"/components#5","timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:27:37.950Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_598","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_598","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_598","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_598","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_598.xml","title_ssm":["Francis M. Boykin Civil War papers"],"title_tesim":["Francis M. Boykin Civil War papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0232","/repositories/3/resources/598"],"text":["MS.0232","/repositories/3/resources/598","Francis M. Boykin Civil War papers","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1856","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 31st","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","Orders (military records)","Military commissions","There are no restrictions.","Francis Marshall Boykin was born in Isle of Wight County, Virginia on March 1, 1837. His ancestors fought in the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, and his father, General Francis Boykin, was a member of the Virginia Senate. Boykin entered VMI in July 1853 and graduated in 1856. He engaged in teaching until 1861. ","During the Civil War, Boykin served as a Lieutenant Colonel with the 31st Virginia Infantry Regiment, Confederate States of America. He served throughout the War and was briefly imprisoned at Johnson's Island, Lake Erie.","After the War he was in the tobacco business in Richmond, Virginia. Boykin married Ellen B. George, and they had three children: Hamilton, Anna, and Ellen. He died on May 5, 1906 in Richmond.","Executive Department \nRichmond Apl 29 1861","Major F. M. Boykin \nWeston Lewis Cty Va","Sir: \nYou will proceed at once to Grafton at the junction of the B and Ohio and the Parkersburg Road and communicate with Col. Thomas J. Jackson* at Harpers Ferry who is in the command of the Volunteer forces in that section of the State. \nI am most Respectfully \nJohn Letcher","Hdqtrs Va Forces \nRichmond Va \nApril 29th/61","Major F. M. Boykin \nVirg Volunteers \nWeston Va.","You are desired to take measures to muster into the service of the State such volunteer companies as may offer their services for the protection of the N. W. portion of the State.  Assume the command and take position at or near Grafton unless some other point should offer greater facilities for the command of the Balt. \u0026 Ohio R. R. and the branch to Parkersburg.  It is not the object to interrupt peaceful travel on the road, or to offer annoyance to citizens pursuing their usual avocations, but to hold the road for the benefit of Maryland and Virgi9nia and to prevent its being used against them.  You will therefore endeavor to obtain the cooperation of the Officers of the road and afford them on your part every assistance in your power to attain this end.  ","You will also endeavor to give quiet and security to the inhabitants of the country.","Major Alonso Loring at Wheeling has been directed, with the volunteer companies under his command, to give protection to the road near its terminus at the Ohio River, and you will place yourself in communications with him and cooperative with him if necessary.","Please state whether a force at Parkersburg will be necessary and what number of companies, and what number of companies can be furnished in that vicinity.","You are requested to report the number of companies, you may muster into the service of the State, their arms, condition vc and your views as to the best means for the accomplishment of the object in view.  To enable you to supply any deficiency in arms in the Company's, 200 muskets of the old pattern, flint lock, will be forwarded to Col. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) the Comdy Officer at Harpers Ferry to your order from whom you must take measures to receive them and convey them in safely to their destination under guard if necessary.  I regret that no other arms are at present for issue. \nVery Respectfully \nR. E. Lee \nMaj. Genl Comd","General Orders \nNo. 4","1. The General or other officers commanding Virginia Forces at Richmond, Norfolk, Fredericksburg, Alexandria, \u0026 Harpers Ferry, and such other points as they may hereafter be sent in separate commands, are required to submit to this offices; returns of their respective commands once in ten days, commending on the 1st day of each month.","2. The attention of all officers of the Va Volunteers, is called to the regulation concerning military correspondence as laid down in the Army regulations of the late United States Edition of 1857.","By Command of Maj. Genl Lee, \nR. S. Garnett \nAdjutant General","Hd Qrs Va Forces \nRichmond, Va \nApril 29, 1861","General Orders \nNo. 5","The General commanding desires to impress upon all officers and agents employed in the military and naval service of the State, the necessity of observing the strictest economy and accountability, in the expenditure of public money, or in the use of the credit of the State.","No expenditures will be made unless duly authorized; nor will they assume the responsibility of incurring any expense, or of using the credit of the state, unless the necessities of the case are so clear and imperative as not to admit of the delay of referring to the proper authority.","Records + vouchers must be made + preserved for all expenditures or uses of the credit of the State, specifying the nature + necessity of the service of which they were made.  They will keep all expenditures in the subsistence department (food for the men only) distinct from those of the Qr Master Dept. which embraces shelter for men and horses, transportation, forage, stationary + like subjects.  As soon as the exigencies of the service will permit the officers and agents of the disbursing dept of the service will be supplied with the necesary blank forms for the proper performance of their duties.","By Command of Major General Lee \nR. S. Garnett \nAdjutant General","Hd Qrs Va Forces \nRichmond, Va \nApril 29, 1861","General Orders \nNo. 6","Lieutenant Colonel Henry Heth, Va Volunteers, and Major James R. Crenshaw, Va Volunteers, are announced respectively as acting quartermaster general and acting commissary general of subsistence of the Forces in the field, subordinate officers in these departments will refer to them before making their purchases + contracts, unless the circumstances of the case prevents.","By Command of Major Genl Lee, \nR. S. Garnett \nAdjutant General","The Commonwealth of Virginia \nTo Francis M. Boykin, Jr Greeting:","Know you, that from special trust and confidence reposed in your fidelity, courage and good conduct, our Governor, in pursuance of the authority vested in him by an Ordinance of the Convention of the State of Virginia, doth commission you a Lieutenant Colonel in the active volunteer forces of the State, to rank as such from the 14th day of December 1861","In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name as Governor, and caused the Seal of the Commonwealth to be affixed, this 14th day of December 1861. \nJohn Letcher","The Commonwealth of Virginia ","To Francis M. Boykin, Jr \nGreeting:\nKnow you, that from special trust and confidence reposed in your fidelity, courage and good conduct, our Governor, in pursuance of the authority vested in him by an Ordinance of the Convention of the State of Virginia, doth commission you a \nMajor \nIn the active volunteer forces of the State, to rank as such from the Second day of May 1861.\nIn testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name as Governor, and caused the Seal of the Commonwealth to be affixed, this 29 day of April 1861.","(signed)  John Letcher","Extract \nAdjutant and Inspector Generals Office \nRichmond, VA  Decr 16th 1861","Special Orders \nNo 267","IV\tMajor F. M. Boykin Va Vols having been appointed Lieutenant Colonel is assigned to duty with the 31st Regiment Virg Vols and will report accordingly.","By order of the Secretary of War \nJno Withers, \nAAG\t","A watercolor sketch of Francis M. Boykin is avaliable  online .","The Francis M. Boykin Civil War papers include:\n Two commission documents Extracts from military orders One letter from Governor John Letcher that orders Boykin to proceed to Grafton, West Virginia and communicate with Colonel Thomas J. Jackson (Stonewall) One letter bearing the signature of General Robert E. Lee","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter orders Francis M. Boykin to proceed to Grafton, West Virginia and contact Colonel Thomas J. Jackson (Stonewall).","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter orders Francis M. Boykin to muster into service volunteer companies and to take position near Grafton, West Virginia to protect the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.","Writen from Richmond, Virginia. Order requires officers to submit returns of their commands and to abide by regulations concerning military correspondence.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Order discusses officers' obligations with regard to expenditures and record keeping.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Order appoints Lieutenant Colonel Henry Heth and Major James R. Crenshaw acting Quartermaster General and Acting Commissary General, respectively.","Document appoints Francis M. Boykin to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, signed by Governor John Letcher.","Document appoints Francis M. Boykin to the rank of Major, signed by Governor John Letcher.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Order assigns Lieutenant Colonel Francis M. Boykin to the 31st Regiment Virginia Volunteers.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Boykin, Francis M. (Francis Marshall), 1837-1906","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Garnett, R. S., Adjutant General","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0232","/repositories/3/resources/598"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Francis M. Boykin Civil War papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Francis M. Boykin Civil War papers"],"collection_ssim":["Francis M. Boykin Civil War papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Letcher, John, 1813-1884"],"creator_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Letcher, John, 1813-1884"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Letcher, John, 1813-1884"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. 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He engaged in teaching until 1861. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War, Boykin served as a Lieutenant Colonel with the 31st Virginia Infantry Regiment, Confederate States of America. He served throughout the War and was briefly imprisoned at Johnson's Island, Lake Erie.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the War he was in the tobacco business in Richmond, Virginia. Boykin married Ellen B. George, and they had three children: Hamilton, Anna, and Ellen. He died on May 5, 1906 in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Francis Marshall Boykin was born in Isle of Wight County, Virginia on March 1, 1837. His ancestors fought in the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, and his father, General Francis Boykin, was a member of the Virginia Senate. Boykin entered VMI in July 1853 and graduated in 1856. He engaged in teaching until 1861. ","During the Civil War, Boykin served as a Lieutenant Colonel with the 31st Virginia Infantry Regiment, Confederate States of America. He served throughout the War and was briefly imprisoned at Johnson's Island, Lake Erie.","After the War he was in the tobacco business in Richmond, Virginia. Boykin married Ellen B. George, and they had three children: Hamilton, Anna, and Ellen. He died on May 5, 1906 in Richmond."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eExecutive Department\u003cbr\u003e\nRichmond Apl 29 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajor F. M. Boykin\u003cbr\u003e\nWeston Lewis Cty Va\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSir:\u003cbr\u003e\nYou will proceed at once to Grafton at the junction of the B and Ohio and the Parkersburg Road and communicate with Col. Thomas J. Jackson* at Harpers Ferry who is in the command of the Volunteer forces in that section of the State.\u003cbr\u003e\nI am most Respectfully\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Letcher\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHdqtrs Va Forces\u003cbr\u003e\nRichmond Va\u003cbr\u003e\nApril 29th/61\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajor F. M. Boykin\u003cbr\u003e\nVirg Volunteers\u003cbr\u003e\nWeston Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou are desired to take measures to muster into the service of the State such volunteer companies as may offer their services for the protection of the N. W. portion of the State.  Assume the command and take position at or near Grafton unless some other point should offer greater facilities for the command of the Balt. \u0026amp; Ohio R. R. and the branch to Parkersburg.  It is not the object to interrupt peaceful travel on the road, or to offer annoyance to citizens pursuing their usual avocations, but to hold the road for the benefit of Maryland and Virgi9nia and to prevent its being used against them.  You will therefore endeavor to obtain the cooperation of the Officers of the road and afford them on your part every assistance in your power to attain this end.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou will also endeavor to give quiet and security to the inhabitants of the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajor Alonso Loring at Wheeling has been directed, with the volunteer companies under his command, to give protection to the road near its terminus at the Ohio River, and you will place yourself in communications with him and cooperative with him if necessary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease state whether a force at Parkersburg will be necessary and what number of companies, and what number of companies can be furnished in that vicinity.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou are requested to report the number of companies, you may muster into the service of the State, their arms, condition vc and your views as to the best means for the accomplishment of the object in view.  To enable you to supply any deficiency in arms in the Company's, 200 muskets of the old pattern, flint lock, will be forwarded to Col. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) the Comdy Officer at Harpers Ferry to your order from whom you must take measures to receive them and convey them in safely to their destination under guard if necessary.  I regret that no other arms are at present for issue.\u003cbr\u003e\nVery Respectfully\u003cbr\u003e\nR. E. Lee\u003cbr\u003e\nMaj. Genl Comd\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Orders\u003cbr\u003e\nNo. 4\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1. The General or other officers commanding Virginia Forces at Richmond, Norfolk, Fredericksburg, Alexandria, \u0026amp; Harpers Ferry, and such other points as they may hereafter be sent in separate commands, are required to submit to this offices; returns of their respective commands once in ten days, commending on the 1st day of each month.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e2. The attention of all officers of the Va Volunteers, is called to the regulation concerning military correspondence as laid down in the Army regulations of the late United States Edition of 1857.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy Command of Maj. Genl Lee,\u003cbr\u003e\nR. S. Garnett\u003cbr\u003e\nAdjutant General\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHd Qrs Va Forces\u003cbr\u003e\nRichmond, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nApril 29, 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Orders\u003cbr\u003e\nNo. 5\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe General commanding desires to impress upon all officers and agents employed in the military and naval service of the State, the necessity of observing the strictest economy and accountability, in the expenditure of public money, or in the use of the credit of the State.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNo expenditures will be made unless duly authorized; nor will they assume the responsibility of incurring any expense, or of using the credit of the state, unless the necessities of the case are so clear and imperative as not to admit of the delay of referring to the proper authority.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords + vouchers must be made + preserved for all expenditures or uses of the credit of the State, specifying the nature + necessity of the service of which they were made.  They will keep all expenditures in the subsistence department (food for the men only) distinct from those of the Qr Master Dept. which embraces shelter for men and horses, transportation, forage, stationary + like subjects.  As soon as the exigencies of the service will permit the officers and agents of the disbursing dept of the service will be supplied with the necesary blank forms for the proper performance of their duties.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy Command of Major General Lee\u003cbr\u003e\nR. S. Garnett\u003cbr\u003e\nAdjutant General\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHd Qrs Va Forces\u003cbr\u003e\nRichmond, Va\u003cbr\u003e\nApril 29, 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Orders\u003cbr\u003e\nNo. 6\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLieutenant Colonel Henry Heth, Va Volunteers, and Major James R. Crenshaw, Va Volunteers, are announced respectively as acting quartermaster general and acting commissary general of subsistence of the Forces in the field, subordinate officers in these departments will refer to them before making their purchases + contracts, unless the circumstances of the case prevents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy Command of Major Genl Lee,\u003cbr\u003e\nR. S. Garnett\u003cbr\u003e\nAdjutant General\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Commonwealth of Virginia\u003cbr\u003e\nTo Francis M. Boykin, Jr Greeting:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKnow you, that from special trust and confidence reposed in your fidelity, courage and good conduct, our Governor, in pursuance of the authority vested in him by an Ordinance of the Convention of the State of Virginia, doth commission you a Lieutenant Colonel in the active volunteer forces of the State, to rank as such from the 14th day of December 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name as Governor, and caused the Seal of the Commonwealth to be affixed, this 14th day of December 1861.\u003cbr\u003e\nJohn Letcher\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Commonwealth of Virginia \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTo Francis M. Boykin, Jr\u003cbr\u003e\nGreeting:\nKnow you, that from special trust and confidence reposed in your fidelity, courage and good conduct, our Governor, in pursuance of the authority vested in him by an Ordinance of the Convention of the State of Virginia, doth commission you a\u003cbr\u003e\nMajor\u003cbr\u003e\nIn the active volunteer forces of the State, to rank as such from the Second day of May 1861.\nIn testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name as Governor, and caused the Seal of the Commonwealth to be affixed, this 29 day of April 1861.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e(signed)  John Letcher\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtract\u003cbr\u003e\nAdjutant and Inspector Generals Office\u003cbr\u003e\nRichmond, VA  Decr 16th 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Orders\u003cbr\u003e\nNo 267\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIV\tMajor F. M. Boykin Va Vols having been appointed Lieutenant Colonel is assigned to duty with the 31st Regiment Virg Vols and will report accordingly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy order of the Secretary of War\u003cbr\u003e\nJno Withers,\u003cbr\u003e\nAAG\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Executive Department \nRichmond Apl 29 1861","Major F. M. Boykin \nWeston Lewis Cty Va","Sir: \nYou will proceed at once to Grafton at the junction of the B and Ohio and the Parkersburg Road and communicate with Col. Thomas J. Jackson* at Harpers Ferry who is in the command of the Volunteer forces in that section of the State. \nI am most Respectfully \nJohn Letcher","Hdqtrs Va Forces \nRichmond Va \nApril 29th/61","Major F. M. Boykin \nVirg Volunteers \nWeston Va.","You are desired to take measures to muster into the service of the State such volunteer companies as may offer their services for the protection of the N. W. portion of the State.  Assume the command and take position at or near Grafton unless some other point should offer greater facilities for the command of the Balt. \u0026 Ohio R. R. and the branch to Parkersburg.  It is not the object to interrupt peaceful travel on the road, or to offer annoyance to citizens pursuing their usual avocations, but to hold the road for the benefit of Maryland and Virgi9nia and to prevent its being used against them.  You will therefore endeavor to obtain the cooperation of the Officers of the road and afford them on your part every assistance in your power to attain this end.  ","You will also endeavor to give quiet and security to the inhabitants of the country.","Major Alonso Loring at Wheeling has been directed, with the volunteer companies under his command, to give protection to the road near its terminus at the Ohio River, and you will place yourself in communications with him and cooperative with him if necessary.","Please state whether a force at Parkersburg will be necessary and what number of companies, and what number of companies can be furnished in that vicinity.","You are requested to report the number of companies, you may muster into the service of the State, their arms, condition vc and your views as to the best means for the accomplishment of the object in view.  To enable you to supply any deficiency in arms in the Company's, 200 muskets of the old pattern, flint lock, will be forwarded to Col. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) the Comdy Officer at Harpers Ferry to your order from whom you must take measures to receive them and convey them in safely to their destination under guard if necessary.  I regret that no other arms are at present for issue. \nVery Respectfully \nR. E. Lee \nMaj. Genl Comd","General Orders \nNo. 4","1. The General or other officers commanding Virginia Forces at Richmond, Norfolk, Fredericksburg, Alexandria, \u0026 Harpers Ferry, and such other points as they may hereafter be sent in separate commands, are required to submit to this offices; returns of their respective commands once in ten days, commending on the 1st day of each month.","2. The attention of all officers of the Va Volunteers, is called to the regulation concerning military correspondence as laid down in the Army regulations of the late United States Edition of 1857.","By Command of Maj. Genl Lee, \nR. S. Garnett \nAdjutant General","Hd Qrs Va Forces \nRichmond, Va \nApril 29, 1861","General Orders \nNo. 5","The General commanding desires to impress upon all officers and agents employed in the military and naval service of the State, the necessity of observing the strictest economy and accountability, in the expenditure of public money, or in the use of the credit of the State.","No expenditures will be made unless duly authorized; nor will they assume the responsibility of incurring any expense, or of using the credit of the state, unless the necessities of the case are so clear and imperative as not to admit of the delay of referring to the proper authority.","Records + vouchers must be made + preserved for all expenditures or uses of the credit of the State, specifying the nature + necessity of the service of which they were made.  They will keep all expenditures in the subsistence department (food for the men only) distinct from those of the Qr Master Dept. which embraces shelter for men and horses, transportation, forage, stationary + like subjects.  As soon as the exigencies of the service will permit the officers and agents of the disbursing dept of the service will be supplied with the necesary blank forms for the proper performance of their duties.","By Command of Major General Lee \nR. S. Garnett \nAdjutant General","Hd Qrs Va Forces \nRichmond, Va \nApril 29, 1861","General Orders \nNo. 6","Lieutenant Colonel Henry Heth, Va Volunteers, and Major James R. Crenshaw, Va Volunteers, are announced respectively as acting quartermaster general and acting commissary general of subsistence of the Forces in the field, subordinate officers in these departments will refer to them before making their purchases + contracts, unless the circumstances of the case prevents.","By Command of Major Genl Lee, \nR. S. Garnett \nAdjutant General","The Commonwealth of Virginia \nTo Francis M. Boykin, Jr Greeting:","Know you, that from special trust and confidence reposed in your fidelity, courage and good conduct, our Governor, in pursuance of the authority vested in him by an Ordinance of the Convention of the State of Virginia, doth commission you a Lieutenant Colonel in the active volunteer forces of the State, to rank as such from the 14th day of December 1861","In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name as Governor, and caused the Seal of the Commonwealth to be affixed, this 14th day of December 1861. \nJohn Letcher","The Commonwealth of Virginia ","To Francis M. Boykin, Jr \nGreeting:\nKnow you, that from special trust and confidence reposed in your fidelity, courage and good conduct, our Governor, in pursuance of the authority vested in him by an Ordinance of the Convention of the State of Virginia, doth commission you a \nMajor \nIn the active volunteer forces of the State, to rank as such from the Second day of May 1861.\nIn testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name as Governor, and caused the Seal of the Commonwealth to be affixed, this 29 day of April 1861.","(signed)  John Letcher","Extract \nAdjutant and Inspector Generals Office \nRichmond, VA  Decr 16th 1861","Special Orders \nNo 267","IV\tMajor F. M. Boykin Va Vols having been appointed Lieutenant Colonel is assigned to duty with the 31st Regiment Virg Vols and will report accordingly.","By order of the Secretary of War \nJno Withers, \nAAG\t"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrancis M. Boykin Civil War papers, 1861. MS 0232. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Francis M. Boykin Civil War papers, 1861. MS 0232. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA watercolor sketch of Francis M. Boykin is avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/3392\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A watercolor sketch of Francis M. Boykin is avaliable  online ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Francis M. Boykin Civil War papers include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo commission documents\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtracts from military orders\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne letter from Governor John Letcher that orders Boykin to proceed to Grafton, West Virginia and communicate with Colonel Thomas J. Jackson (Stonewall)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne letter bearing the signature of General Robert E. Lee\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter orders Francis M. Boykin to proceed to Grafton, West Virginia and contact Colonel Thomas J. Jackson (Stonewall).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter orders Francis M. Boykin to muster into service volunteer companies and to take position near Grafton, West Virginia to protect the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWriten from Richmond, Virginia. Order requires officers to submit returns of their commands and to abide by regulations concerning military correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Order discusses officers' obligations with regard to expenditures and record keeping.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Order appoints Lieutenant Colonel Henry Heth and Major James R. Crenshaw acting Quartermaster General and Acting Commissary General, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument appoints Francis M. Boykin to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, signed by Governor John Letcher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument appoints Francis M. Boykin to the rank of Major, signed by Governor John Letcher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Order assigns Lieutenant Colonel Francis M. Boykin to the 31st Regiment Virginia Volunteers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Francis M. Boykin Civil War papers include:\n Two commission documents Extracts from military orders One letter from Governor John Letcher that orders Boykin to proceed to Grafton, West Virginia and communicate with Colonel Thomas J. Jackson (Stonewall) One letter bearing the signature of General Robert E. Lee","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter orders Francis M. Boykin to proceed to Grafton, West Virginia and contact Colonel Thomas J. Jackson (Stonewall).","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter orders Francis M. Boykin to muster into service volunteer companies and to take position near Grafton, West Virginia to protect the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.","Writen from Richmond, Virginia. Order requires officers to submit returns of their commands and to abide by regulations concerning military correspondence.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Order discusses officers' obligations with regard to expenditures and record keeping.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Order appoints Lieutenant Colonel Henry Heth and Major James R. Crenshaw acting Quartermaster General and Acting Commissary General, respectively.","Document appoints Francis M. Boykin to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, signed by Governor John Letcher.","Document appoints Francis M. Boykin to the rank of Major, signed by Governor John Letcher.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Order assigns Lieutenant Colonel Francis M. Boykin to the 31st Regiment Virginia Volunteers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_976788868ba1aae0183916fb43d98e4b\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Boykin, Francis M. (Francis Marshall), 1837-1906","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Garnett, R. S., Adjutant General"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Boykin, Francis M. (Francis Marshall), 1837-1906","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Boykin, Francis M. (Francis Marshall), 1837-1906","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Garnett, R. S., Adjutant General"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:27:37.950Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_598_c06"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","value":"The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Military+commissions\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=The+George+Washington+Presidential+Library+at+Mount+Vernon\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Military Institute Archives","value":"Virginia Military Institute Archives","hits":34},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Military+commissions\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Military+Institute+Archives\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Military+commissions\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alfred P. 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