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Robeson Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1899-1954, undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1899-1954, undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2015.014"],"text":["Ms.2015.014","Frank L. Robeson Papers","Faculty and staff","Mathematics","Physics","University Archives","University History","Students and alumni","The collection is open for research.","The original file names were retained when the collection was processed. Some related folders were consolidated and duplicates removed. The collection is arranged in chronological order with the undated materials in the last box.","Frank Leigh Robeson was born on August 31, 1884, in Farmville, Virginia, to George M. and Anna M. Robeson. In 1912, he married Mary Anna Matthews (1888-1975). They had 5 children: Helen (b. 1913), Mary (b. 1915), Martha (b. 1921), Amenta (b. 1922), and Andrew (b. 1927). Robeson died in September 1974 in Blacksburg, Montgomery County, Virginia. He is buried in Westview Cemetery. ","Robeson graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute with a B. S. in 1904. Between 1904 and 1907, he served as an instructor in Mathematics and Drawing and later in Mathematics and Graphics. From 1910-1913, he was an instructor in Mathematics and Experimental Engineering. In 1913, he received an M. A. from Columbia University. From 1913-1917, he served as an Associate Professor of Physics and from 1917-1955 (except for a leave in 1922/1923) as a Professor of Physics. He completed a Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins in 1923 before returning to teach at VPI. Between 1936 and 1941, he was the head of the Physics Department. After retiring in September 1954, he was granted emeritus status. In honor of his long career at VPI as a student and teacher, the Department of Physics building, completed in 1960, was dedicated \"Robeson Hall\" in 1969. A portrait of him hangs in the building.  ","More on Robeson Hall:\n http://www.phys.vt.edu/where/Robeson.shtml https://vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/robeson-hall.html","Sources:\n An Historical and Genealogical Account of Andrew Robeson of Scotland New Jersey and Pennsylvania and of His Descendants from 1653 to 1916 .  \"Dr Frank Leigh Robeson\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/74335550/frank-leigh-robeson","The guide to the Frank L. Robeson Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Frank L. Robeson Papers was completed in July 2015.","The collection includes papers from Robeson's tenure as a student at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, Columbia University, and Johns Hopkins University, as well as subject and research files from his nearly 50 years as an instructor and professor at VPI, dating from 1899 to 1954. The papers contain notebooks and students sketch/composition books; personal correspondence; research on topics relating to math, physics, and drawing; notes and lectures from classes taught; Virginia Academy of Science documents; papers; and publications; and a few photographs and negatives.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection includes papers from Frank L. 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Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Frank L. Robeson Papers were acquired by Special Collections and University Archives prior to 2008. 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He is buried in Westview Cemetery. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobeson graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute with a B. S. in 1904. Between 1904 and 1907, he served as an instructor in Mathematics and Drawing and later in Mathematics and Graphics. From 1910-1913, he was an instructor in Mathematics and Experimental Engineering. In 1913, he received an M. A. from Columbia University. From 1913-1917, he served as an Associate Professor of Physics and from 1917-1955 (except for a leave in 1922/1923) as a Professor of Physics. He completed a Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins in 1923 before returning to teach at VPI. Between 1936 and 1941, he was the head of the Physics Department. After retiring in September 1954, he was granted emeritus status. In honor of his long career at VPI as a student and teacher, the Department of Physics building, completed in 1960, was dedicated \"Robeson Hall\" in 1969. A portrait of him hangs in the building.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMore on Robeson Hall:\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.phys.vt.edu/where/Robeson.shtml\"\u003ehttp://www.phys.vt.edu/where/Robeson.shtml\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/robeson-hall.html\"\u003ehttps://vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/robeson-hall.html\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=7SxWAAAAMAAJ\u0026amp;lpg=PA349\u0026amp;ots=G-7pZX3x0m\u0026amp;dq=%22frank%20l%20robeson%22\u0026amp;pg=PR3#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=%22frank%20l%20robeson%22\u0026amp;f=false\"\u003eAn Historical and Genealogical Account of Andrew Robeson of Scotland New Jersey and Pennsylvania and of His Descendants from 1653 to 1916\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Dr Frank Leigh Robeson\" entry, Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/74335550/frank-leigh-robeson\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/74335550/frank-leigh-robeson\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frank Leigh Robeson was born on August 31, 1884, in Farmville, Virginia, to George M. and Anna M. 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After retiring in September 1954, he was granted emeritus status. In honor of his long career at VPI as a student and teacher, the Department of Physics building, completed in 1960, was dedicated \"Robeson Hall\" in 1969. A portrait of him hangs in the building.  ","More on Robeson Hall:\n http://www.phys.vt.edu/where/Robeson.shtml https://vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/robeson-hall.html","Sources:\n An Historical and Genealogical Account of Andrew Robeson of Scotland New Jersey and Pennsylvania and of His Descendants from 1653 to 1916 .  \"Dr Frank Leigh Robeson\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/74335550/frank-leigh-robeson"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Frank L. Robeson Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Frank L. Robeson Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Frank L. Robeson Papers, Ms2015-014, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Frank L. Robeson Papers, Ms2015-014, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Frank L. Robeson Papers was completed in July 2015.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Frank L. 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The papers contain notebooks and students sketch/composition books; personal correspondence; research on topics relating to math, physics, and drawing; notes and lectures from classes taught; Virginia Academy of Science documents; papers; and publications; and a few photographs and negatives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes papers from Robeson's tenure as a student at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, Columbia University, and Johns Hopkins University, as well as subject and research files from his nearly 50 years as an instructor and professor at VPI, dating from 1899 to 1954. The papers contain notebooks and students sketch/composition books; personal correspondence; research on topics relating to math, physics, and drawing; notes and lectures from classes taught; Virginia Academy of Science documents; papers; and publications; and a few photographs and negatives."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f45d4b26dfb931776c5999054104bb11\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes papers from Frank L. Robeson's tenure as a student at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, Columbia University, and Johns Hopkins University, as well as subject and research files from his nearly 50 years as an instructor and professor at VPI, dating from 1899 to 1954.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes papers from Frank L. Robeson's tenure as a student at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, Columbia University, and Johns Hopkins University, as well as subject and research files from his nearly 50 years as an instructor and professor at VPI, dating from 1899 to 1954."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Robeson, Frank Leigh, 1884-1974"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Robeson, Frank Leigh, 1884-1974"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"persname_ssim":["Robeson, Frank Leigh, 1884-1974"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":107,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:35:58.200Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2964","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2964","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2964","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2964","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2964.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Robeson, Frank L., Papers","title_ssm":["Frank L. Robeson Papers"],"title_tesim":["Frank L. Robeson Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1899-1954, undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1899-1954, undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2015.014"],"text":["Ms.2015.014","Frank L. Robeson Papers","Faculty and staff","Mathematics","Physics","University Archives","University History","Students and alumni","The collection is open for research.","The original file names were retained when the collection was processed. Some related folders were consolidated and duplicates removed. The collection is arranged in chronological order with the undated materials in the last box.","Frank Leigh Robeson was born on August 31, 1884, in Farmville, Virginia, to George M. and Anna M. Robeson. In 1912, he married Mary Anna Matthews (1888-1975). They had 5 children: Helen (b. 1913), Mary (b. 1915), Martha (b. 1921), Amenta (b. 1922), and Andrew (b. 1927). Robeson died in September 1974 in Blacksburg, Montgomery County, Virginia. He is buried in Westview Cemetery. ","Robeson graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute with a B. S. in 1904. Between 1904 and 1907, he served as an instructor in Mathematics and Drawing and later in Mathematics and Graphics. From 1910-1913, he was an instructor in Mathematics and Experimental Engineering. In 1913, he received an M. A. from Columbia University. From 1913-1917, he served as an Associate Professor of Physics and from 1917-1955 (except for a leave in 1922/1923) as a Professor of Physics. He completed a Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins in 1923 before returning to teach at VPI. Between 1936 and 1941, he was the head of the Physics Department. After retiring in September 1954, he was granted emeritus status. In honor of his long career at VPI as a student and teacher, the Department of Physics building, completed in 1960, was dedicated \"Robeson Hall\" in 1969. A portrait of him hangs in the building.  ","More on Robeson Hall:\n http://www.phys.vt.edu/where/Robeson.shtml https://vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/robeson-hall.html","Sources:\n An Historical and Genealogical Account of Andrew Robeson of Scotland New Jersey and Pennsylvania and of His Descendants from 1653 to 1916 .  \"Dr Frank Leigh Robeson\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/74335550/frank-leigh-robeson","The guide to the Frank L. Robeson Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Frank L. Robeson Papers was completed in July 2015.","The collection includes papers from Robeson's tenure as a student at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, Columbia University, and Johns Hopkins University, as well as subject and research files from his nearly 50 years as an instructor and professor at VPI, dating from 1899 to 1954. The papers contain notebooks and students sketch/composition books; personal correspondence; research on topics relating to math, physics, and drawing; notes and lectures from classes taught; Virginia Academy of Science documents; papers; and publications; and a few photographs and negatives.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection includes papers from Frank L. Robeson's tenure as a student at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, Columbia University, and Johns Hopkins University, as well as subject and research files from his nearly 50 years as an instructor and professor at VPI, dating from 1899 to 1954.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Robeson, Frank Leigh, 1884-1974","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2015.014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frank L. Robeson Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frank L. Robeson Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Frank L. Robeson Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Robeson, Frank Leigh, 1884-1974"],"creator_ssim":["Robeson, Frank Leigh, 1884-1974"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robeson, Frank Leigh, 1884-1974"],"creators_ssim":["Robeson, Frank Leigh, 1884-1974"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Frank L. Robeson Papers were acquired by Special Collections and University Archives prior to 2008. They are believed to have been donated to the library, probably after Dr. Robeson's death in 1974."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","Mathematics","Physics","University Archives","University History","Students and alumni"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","Mathematics","Physics","University Archives","University History","Students and alumni"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.6 Cubic Feet 6 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["7.6 Cubic Feet 6 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original file names were retained when the collection was processed. Some related folders were consolidated and duplicates removed. The collection is arranged in chronological order with the undated materials in the last box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The original file names were retained when the collection was processed. Some related folders were consolidated and duplicates removed. The collection is arranged in chronological order with the undated materials in the last box."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank Leigh Robeson was born on August 31, 1884, in Farmville, Virginia, to George M. and Anna M. Robeson. In 1912, he married Mary Anna Matthews (1888-1975). They had 5 children: Helen (b. 1913), Mary (b. 1915), Martha (b. 1921), Amenta (b. 1922), and Andrew (b. 1927). Robeson died in September 1974 in Blacksburg, Montgomery County, Virginia. He is buried in Westview Cemetery. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRobeson graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute with a B. S. in 1904. Between 1904 and 1907, he served as an instructor in Mathematics and Drawing and later in Mathematics and Graphics. From 1910-1913, he was an instructor in Mathematics and Experimental Engineering. In 1913, he received an M. A. from Columbia University. From 1913-1917, he served as an Associate Professor of Physics and from 1917-1955 (except for a leave in 1922/1923) as a Professor of Physics. He completed a Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins in 1923 before returning to teach at VPI. Between 1936 and 1941, he was the head of the Physics Department. After retiring in September 1954, he was granted emeritus status. In honor of his long career at VPI as a student and teacher, the Department of Physics building, completed in 1960, was dedicated \"Robeson Hall\" in 1969. A portrait of him hangs in the building.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMore on Robeson Hall:\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.phys.vt.edu/where/Robeson.shtml\"\u003ehttp://www.phys.vt.edu/where/Robeson.shtml\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/robeson-hall.html\"\u003ehttps://vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/robeson-hall.html\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=7SxWAAAAMAAJ\u0026amp;lpg=PA349\u0026amp;ots=G-7pZX3x0m\u0026amp;dq=%22frank%20l%20robeson%22\u0026amp;pg=PR3#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=%22frank%20l%20robeson%22\u0026amp;f=false\"\u003eAn Historical and Genealogical Account of Andrew Robeson of Scotland New Jersey and Pennsylvania and of His Descendants from 1653 to 1916\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\"Dr Frank Leigh Robeson\" entry, Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/74335550/frank-leigh-robeson\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/74335550/frank-leigh-robeson\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frank Leigh Robeson was born on August 31, 1884, in Farmville, Virginia, to George M. and Anna M. Robeson. In 1912, he married Mary Anna Matthews (1888-1975). They had 5 children: Helen (b. 1913), Mary (b. 1915), Martha (b. 1921), Amenta (b. 1922), and Andrew (b. 1927). Robeson died in September 1974 in Blacksburg, Montgomery County, Virginia. He is buried in Westview Cemetery. ","Robeson graduated from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute with a B. S. in 1904. Between 1904 and 1907, he served as an instructor in Mathematics and Drawing and later in Mathematics and Graphics. From 1910-1913, he was an instructor in Mathematics and Experimental Engineering. In 1913, he received an M. A. from Columbia University. From 1913-1917, he served as an Associate Professor of Physics and from 1917-1955 (except for a leave in 1922/1923) as a Professor of Physics. He completed a Ph.D. at Johns Hopkins in 1923 before returning to teach at VPI. Between 1936 and 1941, he was the head of the Physics Department. After retiring in September 1954, he was granted emeritus status. In honor of his long career at VPI as a student and teacher, the Department of Physics building, completed in 1960, was dedicated \"Robeson Hall\" in 1969. A portrait of him hangs in the building.  ","More on Robeson Hall:\n http://www.phys.vt.edu/where/Robeson.shtml https://vt.edu/about/locations/buildings/robeson-hall.html","Sources:\n An Historical and Genealogical Account of Andrew Robeson of Scotland New Jersey and Pennsylvania and of His Descendants from 1653 to 1916 .  \"Dr Frank Leigh Robeson\" entry, Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/74335550/frank-leigh-robeson"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Frank L. Robeson Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Frank L. Robeson Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Frank L. Robeson Papers, Ms2015-014, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Frank L. Robeson Papers, Ms2015-014, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Frank L. Robeson Papers was completed in July 2015.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Frank L. Robeson Papers was completed in July 2015."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes papers from Robeson's tenure as a student at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, Columbia University, and Johns Hopkins University, as well as subject and research files from his nearly 50 years as an instructor and professor at VPI, dating from 1899 to 1954. The papers contain notebooks and students sketch/composition books; personal correspondence; research on topics relating to math, physics, and drawing; notes and lectures from classes taught; Virginia Academy of Science documents; papers; and publications; and a few photographs and negatives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes papers from Robeson's tenure as a student at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, Columbia University, and Johns Hopkins University, as well as subject and research files from his nearly 50 years as an instructor and professor at VPI, dating from 1899 to 1954. The papers contain notebooks and students sketch/composition books; personal correspondence; research on topics relating to math, physics, and drawing; notes and lectures from classes taught; Virginia Academy of Science documents; papers; and publications; and a few photographs and negatives."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f45d4b26dfb931776c5999054104bb11\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes papers from Frank L. Robeson's tenure as a student at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, Columbia University, and Johns Hopkins University, as well as subject and research files from his nearly 50 years as an instructor and professor at VPI, dating from 1899 to 1954.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes papers from Frank L. Robeson's tenure as a student at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, Columbia University, and Johns Hopkins University, as well as subject and research files from his nearly 50 years as an instructor and professor at VPI, dating from 1899 to 1954."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Robeson, Frank Leigh, 1884-1974"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)","Robeson, Frank Leigh, 1884-1974"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944-1970)"],"persname_ssim":["Robeson, Frank Leigh, 1884-1974"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":107,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:35:58.200Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2964"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1777","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"G. Firth mathematic notebook","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1777#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1777#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one paper vellum-bound, handwritten mathematical notebook dated from 1797 to 1799 belonging to G. Firth, a student who attended Butterwick School in the county of Lincolnshire, United Kingdom. The notebook contains eighty-five handwritten pages of calculations and notes. Girth divided the notebook into the following headings: the \"Mensuration of Surfaces,\" \"Mensuration of Solids,\" \"Timber Measuring,\" and \"Vaulted and Arched Roofs,\" written in large calligraphy. Beneath these titles are definitions, rules, problems, and calculations. Some include detailed, finely drawn geometric, three-dimensional diagrams. Tipped in at the end of the book is a hand-colored drawing of a pink flower.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1777#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1777","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1777","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1777","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1777","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1777.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/217092","title_filing_ssi":"Firth, G. mathematic notebook","title_ssm":["G. Firth mathematic notebook"],"title_tesim":["G. Firth mathematic notebook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1796-1799"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1796-1799"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16893","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1777"],"text":["MSS 16893","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1777","G. Firth mathematic notebook","School notebooks","Mathematics","Education","Good.","This collection is minimally processed and open for research.","This collection contains one paper vellum-bound, handwritten mathematical notebook dated from 1797 to 1799 belonging to G. Firth, a student who attended Butterwick School in the county of Lincolnshire, United Kingdom. The notebook contains eighty-five handwritten pages of calculations and notes. Girth divided the notebook into the following headings: the \"Mensuration of Surfaces,\"  \"Mensuration of Solids,\"  \"Timber Measuring,\" and \"Vaulted and Arched Roofs,\" written in large calligraphy. Beneath these titles are definitions, rules, problems, and calculations. Some include detailed, finely drawn geometric, three-dimensional diagrams. Tipped in at the end of the book is a hand-colored drawing of a pink flower.","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16893","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1777"],"normalized_title_ssm":["G. Firth mathematic notebook"],"collection_title_tesim":["G. Firth mathematic notebook"],"collection_ssim":["G. Firth mathematic notebook"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod Rare Books by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 1 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School notebooks","Mathematics","Education"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School notebooks","Mathematics","Education"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-sized file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-sized file folder"],"date_range_isim":[1796,1797,1798,1799],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is minimally processed and open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is minimally processed and open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16893, G. Firth mathematic notebook, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16893, G. Firth mathematic notebook, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one paper vellum-bound, handwritten mathematical notebook dated from 1797 to 1799 belonging to G. Firth, a student who attended Butterwick School in the county of Lincolnshire, United Kingdom. The notebook contains eighty-five handwritten pages of calculations and notes. Girth divided the notebook into the following headings: the \"Mensuration of Surfaces,\"  \"Mensuration of Solids,\"  \"Timber Measuring,\" and \"Vaulted and Arched Roofs,\" written in large calligraphy. Beneath these titles are definitions, rules, problems, and calculations. Some include detailed, finely drawn geometric, three-dimensional diagrams. Tipped in at the end of the book is a hand-colored drawing of a pink flower.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one paper vellum-bound, handwritten mathematical notebook dated from 1797 to 1799 belonging to G. Firth, a student who attended Butterwick School in the county of Lincolnshire, United Kingdom. The notebook contains eighty-five handwritten pages of calculations and notes. Girth divided the notebook into the following headings: the \"Mensuration of Surfaces,\"  \"Mensuration of Solids,\"  \"Timber Measuring,\" and \"Vaulted and Arched Roofs,\" written in large calligraphy. Beneath these titles are definitions, rules, problems, and calculations. Some include detailed, finely drawn geometric, three-dimensional diagrams. Tipped in at the end of the book is a hand-colored drawing of a pink flower."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:40:30.376Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1777","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1777","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1777","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1777","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1777.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/217092","title_filing_ssi":"Firth, G. mathematic notebook","title_ssm":["G. Firth mathematic notebook"],"title_tesim":["G. Firth mathematic notebook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1796-1799"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1796-1799"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16893","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1777"],"text":["MSS 16893","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1777","G. Firth mathematic notebook","School notebooks","Mathematics","Education","Good.","This collection is minimally processed and open for research.","This collection contains one paper vellum-bound, handwritten mathematical notebook dated from 1797 to 1799 belonging to G. Firth, a student who attended Butterwick School in the county of Lincolnshire, United Kingdom. The notebook contains eighty-five handwritten pages of calculations and notes. Girth divided the notebook into the following headings: the \"Mensuration of Surfaces,\"  \"Mensuration of Solids,\"  \"Timber Measuring,\" and \"Vaulted and Arched Roofs,\" written in large calligraphy. Beneath these titles are definitions, rules, problems, and calculations. Some include detailed, finely drawn geometric, three-dimensional diagrams. Tipped in at the end of the book is a hand-colored drawing of a pink flower.","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16893","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1777"],"normalized_title_ssm":["G. Firth mathematic notebook"],"collection_title_tesim":["G. Firth mathematic notebook"],"collection_ssim":["G. Firth mathematic notebook"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. 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Firth mathematic notebook, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16893, G. Firth mathematic notebook, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one paper vellum-bound, handwritten mathematical notebook dated from 1797 to 1799 belonging to G. Firth, a student who attended Butterwick School in the county of Lincolnshire, United Kingdom. The notebook contains eighty-five handwritten pages of calculations and notes. Girth divided the notebook into the following headings: the \"Mensuration of Surfaces,\"  \"Mensuration of Solids,\"  \"Timber Measuring,\" and \"Vaulted and Arched Roofs,\" written in large calligraphy. Beneath these titles are definitions, rules, problems, and calculations. Some include detailed, finely drawn geometric, three-dimensional diagrams. 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Tipped in at the end of the book is a hand-colored drawing of a pink flower."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:40:30.376Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1777"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_716","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John Morton Ledgers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_716#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Morton, John","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_716#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Diaries, account books, and a surveyor's handbook belonging to John Morton, a farmer of Hollidays Cove, Brooke County, West Virginia. The surveyor's book includes lessons on logarithm, geometry, plane trigonometry, and surveying. The diaries and account books record Morton's life and significant events of the period. There is also an undated land deed, a property list of Morton's father, John Morton, and some genealogical information.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_716#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_716","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_716","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_716","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_716","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_716.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195207","title_ssm":["John Morton Ledgers"],"title_tesim":["John Morton Ledgers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-1902"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1902"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2579","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/716"],"text":["A\u0026M 2579","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/716","John Morton Ledgers","Brooke County (W. Va.)","Account books","Civil War --  War diaries","Diaries - Civil War.","Diaries and journals.","Farms and farming.","Mathematics","Surveyors and surveying.","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Diaries, account books, and a surveyor's handbook belonging to John Morton, a farmer of Hollidays Cove, Brooke County, West Virginia. The surveyor's book includes lessons on logarithm, geometry, plane trigonometry, and surveying. The diaries and account books record Morton's life and significant events of the period. There is also an undated land deed, a property list of Morton's father, John Morton, and some genealogical information.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Morton family - Genealogy","Morton family","Morton, John","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2579","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/716"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Morton Ledgers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Morton Ledgers"],"collection_ssim":["John Morton Ledgers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Brooke County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Brooke County (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Morton, John"],"creator_ssim":["Morton, John"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Morton, John"],"creators_ssim":["Morton, John"],"places_ssim":["Brooke County (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Civil War --  War diaries","Diaries - Civil War.","Diaries and journals.","Farms and farming.","Mathematics","Surveyors and surveying."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Civil War --  War diaries","Diaries - Civil War.","Diaries and journals.","Farms and farming.","Mathematics","Surveyors and surveying."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.6 Linear Feet 7 in. (1 document case, 5 in.); (1 wrapped ledger, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.6 Linear Feet 7 in. (1 document case, 5 in.); (1 wrapped ledger, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], John Morton Ledgers, A\u0026amp;M 2579, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], John Morton Ledgers, A\u0026M 2579, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_653c75b79fc4606c38613c571715b238\"\u003eDiaries, account books, and a surveyor's handbook belonging to John Morton, a farmer of Hollidays Cove, Brooke County, West Virginia. The surveyor's book includes lessons on logarithm, geometry, plane trigonometry, and surveying. The diaries and account books record Morton's life and significant events of the period. There is also an undated land deed, a property list of Morton's father, John Morton, and some genealogical information.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Diaries, account books, and a surveyor's handbook belonging to John Morton, a farmer of Hollidays Cove, Brooke County, West Virginia. The surveyor's book includes lessons on logarithm, geometry, plane trigonometry, and surveying. The diaries and account books record Morton's life and significant events of the period. There is also an undated land deed, a property list of Morton's father, John Morton, and some genealogical information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_302dd9d874a1191842fe68d7fdc01058\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Morton family - Genealogy","Morton family","Morton, John"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Morton family - Genealogy","Morton family","Morton, John"],"famname_ssim":["Morton family - Genealogy","Morton family"],"persname_ssim":["Morton, John"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:24:56.434Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_716","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_716","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_716","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_716","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_716.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195207","title_ssm":["John Morton Ledgers"],"title_tesim":["John Morton Ledgers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-1902"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1902"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2579","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/716"],"text":["A\u0026M 2579","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/716","John Morton Ledgers","Brooke County (W. Va.)","Account books","Civil War --  War diaries","Diaries - Civil War.","Diaries and journals.","Farms and farming.","Mathematics","Surveyors and surveying.","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Diaries, account books, and a surveyor's handbook belonging to John Morton, a farmer of Hollidays Cove, Brooke County, West Virginia. The surveyor's book includes lessons on logarithm, geometry, plane trigonometry, and surveying. The diaries and account books record Morton's life and significant events of the period. There is also an undated land deed, a property list of Morton's father, John Morton, and some genealogical information.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Morton family - Genealogy","Morton family","Morton, John","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2579","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/716"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Morton Ledgers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Morton Ledgers"],"collection_ssim":["John Morton Ledgers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Brooke County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Brooke County (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Morton, John"],"creator_ssim":["Morton, John"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Morton, John"],"creators_ssim":["Morton, John"],"places_ssim":["Brooke County (W. Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Account books","Civil War --  War diaries","Diaries - Civil War.","Diaries and journals.","Farms and farming.","Mathematics","Surveyors and surveying."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Account books","Civil War --  War diaries","Diaries - Civil War.","Diaries and journals.","Farms and farming.","Mathematics","Surveyors and surveying."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.6 Linear Feet 7 in. (1 document case, 5 in.); (1 wrapped ledger, 2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.6 Linear Feet 7 in. (1 document case, 5 in.); (1 wrapped ledger, 2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], John Morton Ledgers, A\u0026amp;M 2579, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], John Morton Ledgers, A\u0026M 2579, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_653c75b79fc4606c38613c571715b238\"\u003eDiaries, account books, and a surveyor's handbook belonging to John Morton, a farmer of Hollidays Cove, Brooke County, West Virginia. The surveyor's book includes lessons on logarithm, geometry, plane trigonometry, and surveying. The diaries and account books record Morton's life and significant events of the period. 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Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Morton family - Genealogy","Morton family","Morton, John"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Morton family - Genealogy","Morton family","Morton, John"],"famname_ssim":["Morton family - Genealogy","Morton family"],"persname_ssim":["Morton, John"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:24:56.434Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_716"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1941","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"J. S. Counselman Letter","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1941#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"O'Shaughnessy, Louis","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1941#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Letter from John Sanders Counselman, assistant professor of mathematics and civil engineering and assistant football coach at the Georgia School of Technology (today Georgia Tech) to Virginia Tech Professor Louis O'Shaughnessy, relating to a mathematical problem and to Counselman's experiences in, and views of, the game of football.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1941#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1941","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1941","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1941","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1941","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1941.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Counselman, J. S. Letter","title_ssm":["J. S. Counselman Letter"],"title_tesim":["J. S. Counselman Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1906"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1906"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1993.009"],"text":["Ms.1993.009","J. S. Counselman Letter","Faculty and staff","University Archives","University History","Football","Mathematics","The collection is open to research.","John Sanders Counselman, son of Benjamin F. and Elizabeth Sanders Brown, was born in Cripple Creek (Wythe County), Virginia, on February 18, 1880. He obtained a  bachelor's degree in science (1903) and master's degree in civil engineering (1904) from the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (today Virginia Tech). Counselman played fullback on the university's football team for the 1901-1903 seasons and was named Second Team All-Southern in 1901. Upon obtaining his master's degree, Counselman became assistant professor of mathematics and civil engineering and assistant football coach at the Georgia School of Technology (today Georgia Tech). In 1905, Counselman was hired as physical director at Cumberland University (Lebanon, Tennessee), where he also served as a football coach. The following year, Counselman became head coach at Howard College (now Samford University) in Birmingham, Alabama. Also in 1906, he was named head of the mathematics department at Birmingham High School, a position he would hold until 1920. During these years, Counselman took additional engineering courses at the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago. In 1920, Counselman became professor of mathematics at the College of William and Mary. Counselman married Nettie McCrory (1889-1972); the couple had one child, author Mary Elizabeth Counselman. The Counselmans seem to have separated by 1940; the federal census for that year finds John Counselman lodging in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, and working as a road and bridge inspector; Nettie Counselman, meanwhile, is listed as a teacher, living in Gadsden (Etowah County), Alabama, with their daughter. (The 1950 census shows Nettie living with her daughter, son-in-law, and grandson in Gadsden.) John Counselman would later serve as superintendent of schools in Tallahassee, Florida, before returning to Alabama and teaching school in Gadsden, where he retired. John S. Counselman died in Gadsden on March 29, 1955, and was buried in Crestwood Memorial Cemetery, East Gadsen.","The guide to the J. S. Counselman Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the J. S. Counselman Letter commenced and was completed in October, 2023.","This collection consists of a single letter from J. S. (John Sanders) Counselman, a graduate of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (BS, 1903; MS, 1904). Written on the letterhead of the Georgia School of Technology but posted from Ann Arbor, Michigan, the letter is addressed to Counselman's former classmate, L. (Louis) O'Shaughnessy, then a professor at what is now Virginia Tech. Counselman briefly discusses the solutions to some mathematical problems that he had shared with O'Shaughnessy, then writes at length about the game of football, particularly discussing the system of Georgia Tech Coach John Heisman, under whom Counselman had served as assistant coach, and Heisman's coaching skills. He also expresses his opinions about the efforts that were then being undertaken to reform the game and increase safety for players. The letter is accompanied by a stamped envelope.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Letter from John Sanders Counselman, assistant professor of mathematics and civil engineering and assistant football coach at the Georgia School of Technology (today Georgia Tech) to Virginia Tech Professor Louis O'Shaughnessy, relating to a mathematical problem and to Counselman's experiences in, and views of, the game of football.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","O'Shaughnessy, Louis","Counselman, J. S. (John Sanders)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1993.009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["J. S. Counselman Letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["J. S. Counselman Letter"],"collection_ssim":["J. S. Counselman Letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["O'Shaughnessy, Louis","Counselman, J. S. (John Sanders)"],"creator_ssim":["O'Shaughnessy, Louis","Counselman, J. S. (John Sanders)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["O'Shaughnessy, Louis","Counselman, J. S. (John Sanders)"],"creators_ssim":["O'Shaughnessy, Louis","Counselman, J. S. (John Sanders)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The J. S. Counselman Letter was acquired by Special Collections and University Archives prior to 1994."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","University Archives","University History","Football","Mathematics"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","University Archives","University History","Football","Mathematics"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1906],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Sanders Counselman, son of Benjamin F. and Elizabeth Sanders Brown, was born in Cripple Creek (Wythe County), Virginia, on February 18, 1880. He obtained a  bachelor's degree in science (1903) and master's degree in civil engineering (1904) from the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (today Virginia Tech). Counselman played fullback on the university's football team for the 1901-1903 seasons and was named Second Team All-Southern in 1901. Upon obtaining his master's degree, Counselman became assistant professor of mathematics and civil engineering and assistant football coach at the Georgia School of Technology (today Georgia Tech). In 1905, Counselman was hired as physical director at Cumberland University (Lebanon, Tennessee), where he also served as a football coach. The following year, Counselman became head coach at Howard College (now Samford University) in Birmingham, Alabama. Also in 1906, he was named head of the mathematics department at Birmingham High School, a position he would hold until 1920. During these years, Counselman took additional engineering courses at the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago. In 1920, Counselman became professor of mathematics at the College of William and Mary. Counselman married Nettie McCrory (1889-1972); the couple had one child, author Mary Elizabeth Counselman. The Counselmans seem to have separated by 1940; the federal census for that year finds John Counselman lodging in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, and working as a road and bridge inspector; Nettie Counselman, meanwhile, is listed as a teacher, living in Gadsden (Etowah County), Alabama, with their daughter. (The 1950 census shows Nettie living with her daughter, son-in-law, and grandson in Gadsden.) John Counselman would later serve as superintendent of schools in Tallahassee, Florida, before returning to Alabama and teaching school in Gadsden, where he retired. John S. Counselman died in Gadsden on March 29, 1955, and was buried in Crestwood Memorial Cemetery, East Gadsen.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Sanders Counselman, son of Benjamin F. and Elizabeth Sanders Brown, was born in Cripple Creek (Wythe County), Virginia, on February 18, 1880. He obtained a  bachelor's degree in science (1903) and master's degree in civil engineering (1904) from the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (today Virginia Tech). Counselman played fullback on the university's football team for the 1901-1903 seasons and was named Second Team All-Southern in 1901. Upon obtaining his master's degree, Counselman became assistant professor of mathematics and civil engineering and assistant football coach at the Georgia School of Technology (today Georgia Tech). In 1905, Counselman was hired as physical director at Cumberland University (Lebanon, Tennessee), where he also served as a football coach. The following year, Counselman became head coach at Howard College (now Samford University) in Birmingham, Alabama. Also in 1906, he was named head of the mathematics department at Birmingham High School, a position he would hold until 1920. During these years, Counselman took additional engineering courses at the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago. In 1920, Counselman became professor of mathematics at the College of William and Mary. Counselman married Nettie McCrory (1889-1972); the couple had one child, author Mary Elizabeth Counselman. The Counselmans seem to have separated by 1940; the federal census for that year finds John Counselman lodging in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, and working as a road and bridge inspector; Nettie Counselman, meanwhile, is listed as a teacher, living in Gadsden (Etowah County), Alabama, with their daughter. (The 1950 census shows Nettie living with her daughter, son-in-law, and grandson in Gadsden.) John Counselman would later serve as superintendent of schools in Tallahassee, Florida, before returning to Alabama and teaching school in Gadsden, where he retired. John S. Counselman died in Gadsden on March 29, 1955, and was buried in Crestwood Memorial Cemetery, East Gadsen."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the J. S. Counselman Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the J. S. Counselman Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], J. S. Counselman Letter, Ms1993-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], J. S. Counselman Letter, Ms1993-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the J. S. Counselman Letter commenced and was completed in October, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the J. S. Counselman Letter commenced and was completed in October, 2023."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a single letter from J. S. (John Sanders) Counselman, a graduate of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (BS, 1903; MS, 1904). Written on the letterhead of the Georgia School of Technology but posted from Ann Arbor, Michigan, the letter is addressed to Counselman's former classmate, L. (Louis) O'Shaughnessy, then a professor at what is now Virginia Tech. Counselman briefly discusses the solutions to some mathematical problems that he had shared with O'Shaughnessy, then writes at length about the game of football, particularly discussing the system of Georgia Tech Coach John Heisman, under whom Counselman had served as assistant coach, and Heisman's coaching skills. He also expresses his opinions about the efforts that were then being undertaken to reform the game and increase safety for players. The letter is accompanied by a stamped envelope.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a single letter from J. S. (John Sanders) Counselman, a graduate of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (BS, 1903; MS, 1904). Written on the letterhead of the Georgia School of Technology but posted from Ann Arbor, Michigan, the letter is addressed to Counselman's former classmate, L. (Louis) O'Shaughnessy, then a professor at what is now Virginia Tech. Counselman briefly discusses the solutions to some mathematical problems that he had shared with O'Shaughnessy, then writes at length about the game of football, particularly discussing the system of Georgia Tech Coach John Heisman, under whom Counselman had served as assistant coach, and Heisman's coaching skills. He also expresses his opinions about the efforts that were then being undertaken to reform the game and increase safety for players. The letter is accompanied by a stamped envelope."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a981d8de26f2d279405c230b4f341598\"\u003eLetter from John Sanders Counselman, assistant professor of mathematics and civil engineering and assistant football coach at the Georgia School of Technology (today Georgia Tech) to Virginia Tech Professor Louis O'Shaughnessy, relating to a mathematical problem and to Counselman's experiences in, and views of, the game of football.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Letter from John Sanders Counselman, assistant professor of mathematics and civil engineering and assistant football coach at the Georgia School of Technology (today Georgia Tech) to Virginia Tech Professor Louis O'Shaughnessy, relating to a mathematical problem and to Counselman's experiences in, and views of, the game of football."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","O'Shaughnessy, Louis","Counselman, J. S. (John Sanders)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)"],"persname_ssim":["O'Shaughnessy, Louis","Counselman, J. S. (John Sanders)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:26:28.805Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1941","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1941","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1941","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1941","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1941.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Counselman, J. S. Letter","title_ssm":["J. S. Counselman Letter"],"title_tesim":["J. S. Counselman Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1906"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1906"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1993.009"],"text":["Ms.1993.009","J. S. Counselman Letter","Faculty and staff","University Archives","University History","Football","Mathematics","The collection is open to research.","John Sanders Counselman, son of Benjamin F. and Elizabeth Sanders Brown, was born in Cripple Creek (Wythe County), Virginia, on February 18, 1880. He obtained a  bachelor's degree in science (1903) and master's degree in civil engineering (1904) from the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (today Virginia Tech). Counselman played fullback on the university's football team for the 1901-1903 seasons and was named Second Team All-Southern in 1901. Upon obtaining his master's degree, Counselman became assistant professor of mathematics and civil engineering and assistant football coach at the Georgia School of Technology (today Georgia Tech). In 1905, Counselman was hired as physical director at Cumberland University (Lebanon, Tennessee), where he also served as a football coach. The following year, Counselman became head coach at Howard College (now Samford University) in Birmingham, Alabama. Also in 1906, he was named head of the mathematics department at Birmingham High School, a position he would hold until 1920. During these years, Counselman took additional engineering courses at the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago. In 1920, Counselman became professor of mathematics at the College of William and Mary. Counselman married Nettie McCrory (1889-1972); the couple had one child, author Mary Elizabeth Counselman. The Counselmans seem to have separated by 1940; the federal census for that year finds John Counselman lodging in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, and working as a road and bridge inspector; Nettie Counselman, meanwhile, is listed as a teacher, living in Gadsden (Etowah County), Alabama, with their daughter. (The 1950 census shows Nettie living with her daughter, son-in-law, and grandson in Gadsden.) John Counselman would later serve as superintendent of schools in Tallahassee, Florida, before returning to Alabama and teaching school in Gadsden, where he retired. John S. Counselman died in Gadsden on March 29, 1955, and was buried in Crestwood Memorial Cemetery, East Gadsen.","The guide to the J. S. Counselman Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the J. S. Counselman Letter commenced and was completed in October, 2023.","This collection consists of a single letter from J. S. (John Sanders) Counselman, a graduate of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (BS, 1903; MS, 1904). Written on the letterhead of the Georgia School of Technology but posted from Ann Arbor, Michigan, the letter is addressed to Counselman's former classmate, L. (Louis) O'Shaughnessy, then a professor at what is now Virginia Tech. Counselman briefly discusses the solutions to some mathematical problems that he had shared with O'Shaughnessy, then writes at length about the game of football, particularly discussing the system of Georgia Tech Coach John Heisman, under whom Counselman had served as assistant coach, and Heisman's coaching skills. He also expresses his opinions about the efforts that were then being undertaken to reform the game and increase safety for players. The letter is accompanied by a stamped envelope.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Letter from John Sanders Counselman, assistant professor of mathematics and civil engineering and assistant football coach at the Georgia School of Technology (today Georgia Tech) to Virginia Tech Professor Louis O'Shaughnessy, relating to a mathematical problem and to Counselman's experiences in, and views of, the game of football.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","O'Shaughnessy, Louis","Counselman, J. S. (John Sanders)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1993.009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["J. S. Counselman Letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["J. S. Counselman Letter"],"collection_ssim":["J. S. 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Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The J. S. Counselman Letter was acquired by Special Collections and University Archives prior to 1994."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","University Archives","University History","Football","Mathematics"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","University Archives","University History","Football","Mathematics"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1906],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Sanders Counselman, son of Benjamin F. and Elizabeth Sanders Brown, was born in Cripple Creek (Wythe County), Virginia, on February 18, 1880. He obtained a  bachelor's degree in science (1903) and master's degree in civil engineering (1904) from the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (today Virginia Tech). Counselman played fullback on the university's football team for the 1901-1903 seasons and was named Second Team All-Southern in 1901. Upon obtaining his master's degree, Counselman became assistant professor of mathematics and civil engineering and assistant football coach at the Georgia School of Technology (today Georgia Tech). In 1905, Counselman was hired as physical director at Cumberland University (Lebanon, Tennessee), where he also served as a football coach. The following year, Counselman became head coach at Howard College (now Samford University) in Birmingham, Alabama. Also in 1906, he was named head of the mathematics department at Birmingham High School, a position he would hold until 1920. During these years, Counselman took additional engineering courses at the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago. In 1920, Counselman became professor of mathematics at the College of William and Mary. Counselman married Nettie McCrory (1889-1972); the couple had one child, author Mary Elizabeth Counselman. The Counselmans seem to have separated by 1940; the federal census for that year finds John Counselman lodging in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, and working as a road and bridge inspector; Nettie Counselman, meanwhile, is listed as a teacher, living in Gadsden (Etowah County), Alabama, with their daughter. (The 1950 census shows Nettie living with her daughter, son-in-law, and grandson in Gadsden.) John Counselman would later serve as superintendent of schools in Tallahassee, Florida, before returning to Alabama and teaching school in Gadsden, where he retired. John S. Counselman died in Gadsden on March 29, 1955, and was buried in Crestwood Memorial Cemetery, East Gadsen.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Sanders Counselman, son of Benjamin F. and Elizabeth Sanders Brown, was born in Cripple Creek (Wythe County), Virginia, on February 18, 1880. He obtained a  bachelor's degree in science (1903) and master's degree in civil engineering (1904) from the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (today Virginia Tech). Counselman played fullback on the university's football team for the 1901-1903 seasons and was named Second Team All-Southern in 1901. Upon obtaining his master's degree, Counselman became assistant professor of mathematics and civil engineering and assistant football coach at the Georgia School of Technology (today Georgia Tech). In 1905, Counselman was hired as physical director at Cumberland University (Lebanon, Tennessee), where he also served as a football coach. The following year, Counselman became head coach at Howard College (now Samford University) in Birmingham, Alabama. Also in 1906, he was named head of the mathematics department at Birmingham High School, a position he would hold until 1920. During these years, Counselman took additional engineering courses at the University of Michigan and the University of Chicago. In 1920, Counselman became professor of mathematics at the College of William and Mary. Counselman married Nettie McCrory (1889-1972); the couple had one child, author Mary Elizabeth Counselman. The Counselmans seem to have separated by 1940; the federal census for that year finds John Counselman lodging in Pittsylvania County, Virginia, and working as a road and bridge inspector; Nettie Counselman, meanwhile, is listed as a teacher, living in Gadsden (Etowah County), Alabama, with their daughter. (The 1950 census shows Nettie living with her daughter, son-in-law, and grandson in Gadsden.) John Counselman would later serve as superintendent of schools in Tallahassee, Florida, before returning to Alabama and teaching school in Gadsden, where he retired. John S. Counselman died in Gadsden on March 29, 1955, and was buried in Crestwood Memorial Cemetery, East Gadsen."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the J. S. Counselman Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the J. S. Counselman Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], J. S. Counselman Letter, Ms1993-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], J. S. Counselman Letter, Ms1993-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the J. S. Counselman Letter commenced and was completed in October, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the J. S. Counselman Letter commenced and was completed in October, 2023."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a single letter from J. S. (John Sanders) Counselman, a graduate of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (BS, 1903; MS, 1904). Written on the letterhead of the Georgia School of Technology but posted from Ann Arbor, Michigan, the letter is addressed to Counselman's former classmate, L. (Louis) O'Shaughnessy, then a professor at what is now Virginia Tech. Counselman briefly discusses the solutions to some mathematical problems that he had shared with O'Shaughnessy, then writes at length about the game of football, particularly discussing the system of Georgia Tech Coach John Heisman, under whom Counselman had served as assistant coach, and Heisman's coaching skills. He also expresses his opinions about the efforts that were then being undertaken to reform the game and increase safety for players. The letter is accompanied by a stamped envelope.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a single letter from J. S. (John Sanders) Counselman, a graduate of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (BS, 1903; MS, 1904). Written on the letterhead of the Georgia School of Technology but posted from Ann Arbor, Michigan, the letter is addressed to Counselman's former classmate, L. (Louis) O'Shaughnessy, then a professor at what is now Virginia Tech. Counselman briefly discusses the solutions to some mathematical problems that he had shared with O'Shaughnessy, then writes at length about the game of football, particularly discussing the system of Georgia Tech Coach John Heisman, under whom Counselman had served as assistant coach, and Heisman's coaching skills. He also expresses his opinions about the efforts that were then being undertaken to reform the game and increase safety for players. The letter is accompanied by a stamped envelope."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a981d8de26f2d279405c230b4f341598\"\u003eLetter from John Sanders Counselman, assistant professor of mathematics and civil engineering and assistant football coach at the Georgia School of Technology (today Georgia Tech) to Virginia Tech Professor Louis O'Shaughnessy, relating to a mathematical problem and to Counselman's experiences in, and views of, the game of football.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Letter from John Sanders Counselman, assistant professor of mathematics and civil engineering and assistant football coach at the Georgia School of Technology (today Georgia Tech) to Virginia Tech Professor Louis O'Shaughnessy, relating to a mathematical problem and to Counselman's experiences in, and views of, the game of football."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","O'Shaughnessy, Louis","Counselman, J. S. (John Sanders)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)"],"persname_ssim":["O'Shaughnessy, Louis","Counselman, J. S. (John Sanders)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:26:28.805Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1941"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6907#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film \u003cspan\u003eHidden Figures\u003c/span\u003e while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. 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Johnson, Mathematician, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1800-2024","2016-2021"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["2016-2021"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1800-2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4536","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6907"],"text":["A\u0026M 4536","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6907","Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers","Women -- United States -- History","African Americans ","Mathematics","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Katherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated  summa cum laude  in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.","After marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.","In 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.","Johnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document  Notes on Space Technology . As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's  Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position  was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report. ","Over the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.","Over the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race , a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.","Katherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir,  My Remarkable Journey , co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021.","Papers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film  Hidden Figures  while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","English \n.    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Moore, 2021-2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- United States -- History","African Americans ","Mathematics"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- United States -- History","African Americans ","Mathematics"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["11.89 Linear Feet 7 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 4 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3.5 in.; 7 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 roll tube box, 4 in.; 3 unboxed items, 2.25 in. total","4.8 Gigabytes 448 files, formats include .jpg, .gif, .png, .pdf, .mp3, .ppt, .iso, .cue, .md5"],"extent_tesim":["11.89 Linear Feet 7 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 4 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3.5 in.; 7 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 2 flat storage boxes, 1.5 in. each; 1 roll tube box, 4 in.; 3 unboxed items, 2.25 in. total","4.8 Gigabytes 448 files, formats include .jpg, .gif, .png, .pdf, .mp3, .ppt, .iso, .cue, .md5"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKatherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated \u003cemph\u003esumma cum laude\u003c/emph\u003e in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eNotes on Space Technology\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e. As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eDetermination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOver the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOver the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eHidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKatherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eMy Remarkable Journey\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Katherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated  summa cum laude  in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.","After marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.","In 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.","Johnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document  Notes on Space Technology . As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's  Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position  was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report. ","Over the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.","Over the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race , a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.","Katherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir,  My Remarkable Journey , co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 4536, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, A\u0026M 4536, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eHidden Figures\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film  Hidden Figures  while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. 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Johnson, Mathematician, Papers","Women -- United States -- History","African Americans ","Mathematics","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access born digital materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.","Katherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated  summa cum laude  in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.","After marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.","In 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.","Johnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document  Notes on Space Technology . As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's  Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position  was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report. ","Over the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.","Over the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race , a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.","Katherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir,  My Remarkable Journey , co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021.","Papers of Katherine G. Johnson. Includes assorted artifacts, family photographs, awards, honorary degrees, correspondence, and other material regarding the career and life of Katherine G. Johnson. The bulk of the collection is focused on material relating to the release of the 2016 film  Hidden Figures  while other material details Katherine Johnson's early life and her family history. Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","English \n.    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Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated \u003cemph\u003esumma cum laude\u003c/emph\u003e in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eNotes on Space Technology\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e. As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eDetermination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOver the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOver the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eHidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKatherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir, \u003ctitle\u003e\u003cpart\u003eMy Remarkable Journey\u003c/part\u003e\u003c/title\u003e, co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Katherine Goble Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on August 26, 1918. Born Creola Katherine Coleman to parents Joylette Roberta and Joshua McKinley Coleman, she was the youngest of four children. Excelling at mathematics from an early age, Katherine and her family moved to Institute, West Virginia in order for Katherine to attend high school on the campus of West Virginia State University (WVSU). Graduating from high school at the age of 14, Johnson immediately enrolled at WVSU to pursue higher education. At the age of 18 she graduated  summa cum laude  in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French. Finding few opportunities for an African-American teenage mathematician she eventually took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Virginia.","After marrying her first husband, James Goble, in 1939 Katherine was selected by the president of WVSU to be one of three African Americans to integrate West Virginia University (WVU) following Governor Homer Holt's decision to desegregate public graduate schools in West Virginia. Becoming the first African-American woman to be accepted into WVU's graduate program, Johnson withdrew from classes after discovering she was pregnant, settling into motherhood and her career as a teacher over the next decade.","In 1952, after hearing from a relative about jobs working with the all-black West Area computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley laboratory under the instruction of fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan, Katherine and James moved to Newport News, Virginia and Johnson began working at Langley in the summer of 1953. First assigned to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, her temporary position quickly turned permanent.","Johnson helped provide some of the math for the 1958 document  Notes on Space Technology . As NACA transformed in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson continued to provide groundbreaking work including trajectory analysis for the 1961 Freedom 7 mission with Alan Shepard, America's first human spaceflight. Her and engineer Ted Skopinski's  Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position  was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division received credit as an author of a research report. ","Over the course of her career with NASA Johnson assisted with a variety of pioneering space flight missions. She verified the flight plan of John Glenn prior to his historic orbit of the Earth in 1961, in 1969 she was part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission that sent the first humans to the Moon, as well as working on the space shuttle program, and authoring/coauthoring 26 research reports. Katherine Johnson retired from NASA in 1986 after 33 years at the Langley facility.","Over the years Johnson received numerous awards and recognitions for her contributions to space flight. In 2015, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2016, NASA named the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility after her. Also in 2016, Margot Lee Shetterly published  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and The Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race , a book about the West Area computers, including Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. A film based on the book and having the same title was released that same year with the movie being nominated for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards.","Katherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020 at the age of 101 at a retirement home in Newport News, Virginia. She was preceded in death by her second husband Jim Johnson in 2019, whom she married in 1959 after the death of her first husband in 1956. A memoir,  My Remarkable Journey , co-written by Johnson and her daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore, was published posthumously in 2021."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 4536, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Katherine G. Johnson, Mathematician, Papers, A\u0026M 4536, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Katherine G. Johnson. 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Such material includes news clippings, magazine articles, and fan mail to Katherine G. Johnson."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. Copyright for photographs of Katherine Johnson for Vanity Fair magazine is not owned by the West Virginia and Regional History Center. 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Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Preston County","Robertson, Wyhndham","Listons, Abraham","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0892","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3678"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Preston County Miscellaneous Papers, Land Grant"],"collection_title_tesim":["Preston County Miscellaneous Papers, Land Grant"],"collection_ssim":["Preston County Miscellaneous Papers, Land Grant"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Preston County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Preston County (W. 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(1 folder)"],"date_range_isim":[1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Preston County Miscellaneous Papers, Land Grant, A\u0026amp;M 0892, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Preston County Miscellaneous Papers, Land Grant, A\u0026M 0892, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e607, 892, 950, 996, 1939, 2110, 2395\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["607, 892, 950, 996, 1939, 2110, 2395"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA land grant signed by Wyndham Robertson, Esq; Lt. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a4eebdfcd071bed67972e58989abc03f\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Preston County","Robertson, Wyhndham","Listons, Abraham","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0892","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/3678"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Preston County Miscellaneous Papers, Land Grant"],"collection_title_tesim":["Preston County Miscellaneous Papers, Land Grant"],"collection_ssim":["Preston County Miscellaneous Papers, Land Grant"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Preston County (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Preston County (W. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a4eebdfcd071bed67972e58989abc03f\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Preston County","Robertson, Wyhndham","Listons, Abraham"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Preston County"],"names_coll_ssim":["Robertson, Wyhndham","Listons, Abraham"],"persname_ssim":["Robertson, Wyhndham","Listons, Abraham"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:15:20.470Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_3678"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Sally Brown Math Exercise Book","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1797#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one Exercise or Cypher Book created by Sally Brown for a classroom environment in the United States of America between 1786 and 1787. It demonstrates basic mathematical and measurement disciplines specifically geared toward a future of work in a mercantile economy. Various 18th century mathematical procedures and some proofs are showcased throughout the Exercise Book. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1797#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1797.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/226410","title_filing_ssi":"Brown, Sally Math Exercise Book","title_ssm":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book"],"title_tesim":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1786-1787"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1787"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16911","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1797"],"text":["MSS 16911","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1797","Sally Brown Math Exercise Book","Women -- Education","Mathematics","Arithmetic -- History -- 18th century","Units of measurement","handbooks","Fair. Brittle pages. Handle with care.","This collection is open for research use.","Sally Brown  attended a schoolhouse or Dame School presumably located in either  Philadelphia  or  New York City  between  1786  and  1787 . While attending, she developed an Exercise or Cypher Book, which accumulated her mathematics work throughout the academic year. Details of Sally Brown's life, along with that of her instructor, before and after the creation of the Exercise Book are not currently known.","Although the circumstances of Sally Brown's education are unclear, it is possible that she was preparing for skills relevant to the commercial world of the time. The Exercise Book's emphasis on the practical uses of mathematics, like measuring alcohol, silver, and grain, demonstrates an essential knowledge base young people needed to participate in the mercantile economies of early American cities. ","Reverend Thomas Dilworth 's The Schoolmaster's Assistant, which Brown's instructor used to create word problems and explain mathematical processes in her Exercise Book, was among the most popular teaching texts in America from its first American printing in  1769  until around  1850 . As Dilworth's book was British in origin, many of his word problems, along with topics of measurement and currency, relied on British systems such as the Pound Sterling, Troy Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, and Winchester Measure. In 1786 and 1787,  America  had begun legislation that would culminate in the minting of a central currency, but coins would not come to market until at least  1792 , leaving Americans to use predominantly foreign ones such as the Pound Sterling,  Spanish  Dollar, and  French  Livre.","In 18th century America, formal education for girls was relatively rare outside of upper-class families, where instruction predominantly covered subjects like philosophy, foreign languages, and household management. Larger towns often had schoolhouses with separate classrooms or designated hours of instruction for female students. However, Dame schools—primary education institutions taught by older women or retired soldiers in the instructor's home—were among the only options available to middle-class boys and girls to learn basic skills like arithmetic and spelling.","The paper cover wrapper's watermark, a Dutch emblem with the words Pro Patria, a lion, and the \"Maid of Dort,\" indicates that the exercise book's paper may have been imported or based on Dutch designs. Pro Patria, which translates to \"For the Fatherland\" in  Latin , frequently appeared alongside the \"Maid of Dort,\" a national symbol connected to Dordrecht, the oldest city in  Holland . Some American paper mills reproduced the Dutch Pro Patria imprint after the American Revolutionary War, exemplified by letter paper produced at a mill in  Richmond, Virginia , and used by  Thomas Jefferson .","Resource List:","Barrett, Timothy. \"Early European Papers: Contemporary Conservation and Craft Use.\" The Book and Paper Group Annual 16 (1997). Accessed July 15, 2025. https://cool.culturalheritage.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-13.html. ","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. ","Harris, Emily Anne. (2023, March). A quiet revolution: Exploring eighteenth‑century women's education through Sally Franklin and Polly Stevenson. Benjamin Franklin House. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://benjaminfranklinhouse.org/a-quiet-revolution-exploring-eighteenth-century-womens-education-through-sally-franklin-and-polly-stevenson/. ","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273. ","Karpinski, Louis Charles, \u0026 Shenton, Walter Francis. (1940). Bibliography of mathematical works printed in America through 1850. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.","\"Listings – Watermark and Countermark Library.\" National Gallery of Australia. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://nga.gov.au/art-artists/conservation/whistlers-watermarks/listings-watermark-and-countermark-library/.","Madigan, Jennifer C. (2009). The education of women and girls in the United States: A historical perspective. Advances in Gender and Education, 1, 11–13.","Palmer, Amy Susan. (2017). If Not for Her Sex: The Mysterious Education of American Women, 1750–1850 (Master's thesis). University of Minnesota.","\"Patterns in Paper: An Introduction to Watermarks Found within Record Office Collections.\" NYCRO Blog, March 14, 2023. https://nycroblog.com/2023/03/14/patterns-in-paper-an-introduction-to-watermarks-found-within-record-office-collections/.","The Artistry of Learning Math: The Ellerton \u0026 Clements Cyphering‑Book Collection. (2022, April). Manuscripts, Library of Congress Blogs. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://blogs.loc.gov/manuscripts/2022/04/the-artistry-of-learning-math-the-ellerton-clements-cyphering-book-collection/.","U.S. Currency Education Program. \"History of U.S. Currency.\" U.S. Currency Education Program. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://www.uscurrency.gov/history.","Winterthur Museum, Garden \u0026 Library. (n.d.). Exercise and cyphering books. Digital Collections. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://digitalcollections.winterthur.org/collections/exercise-and-cyphering-books?utm_source=chatgpt.com.","Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, 1780. Box 3, #1198 V5-10. ","This collection contains one Exercise or Cypher Book created by  Sally Brown  for a classroom environment in the United States of America between  1786  and  1787 . It demonstrates basic mathematical and measurement disciplines specifically geared toward a future of work in a mercantile economy. Various 18th century mathematical procedures and some proofs are showcased throughout the Exercise Book.  ","Exercise Books were common tools for instruction in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They served as workbooks and personal mathematical records, typically showcasing the student's penmanship and understanding of arithmetic. Exercise Books were often kept into adulthood as references for everyday tasks requiring mathematics, spelling, or other subjects, especially for those without access to personal libraries. ","Brown's instructor, who is not named in the document, developed instruction and mathematical problems for the Exercise Book that were copied largely from  Reverend Thomas Dilworth 's \"The Schoolmaster's Assistant,\" though some are their original creation. For example, word problems engaging the student to measure how many buckles could be made of an amount of silver do not appear in Dilworth's original text. On the other hand, the subtraction problem, \"King Charles was beheaded in the year  1648 . How many years is it since?\", was paraphrased from his work.  ","Its topic headings and descriptions are copied in order directly from Dilworth, and include Compound Addition, Money, Apothecary Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, Apothecaries Weight, Long Measure, Cloth Measure, Land Measure, Liquid Measure, Wine Measure, Winchester Measure, Dry Measure, as well as Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Reduction, and the Single Rule of Three Direct, among others.  ","A section on the \"Exchange of Mony\" indicates that the Exercise Book was created in either  New York  or  Philadelphia . The Exercise Book specifically illustrates problems defining exchange rates between \"Lawful Money,\" \"York Currency,\" \"Sterling,\" \"New York Money,\" and \"Philadelphia Mony.\" A Dutch-style watermark on the back leaf of the cover wrapper suggests that its paper had been either imported or molded after European examples.  ","Sally Brown's name and signature appear three times in the item, though only one personal annotation was made; beside a division proof she writes, \"...it proves I have not time to get a damn proof[.] I mean that.\" ","Resourse List:","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783).  The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth . London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. ","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\"  Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium . Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273. ","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16911","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1797"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book"],"collection_ssim":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased with the Robert and Virginia Tunstall Trust Fund, 2023/2024. Acquired by Krystal Appiah, 18 July 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Education","Mathematics","Arithmetic -- History -- 18th century","Units of measurement","handbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Education","Mathematics","Arithmetic -- History -- 18th century","Units of measurement","handbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair. Brittle pages. Handle with care."],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet 1 volume in 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet 1 volume in 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["handbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eSally Brown\u003c/persname\u003e attended a schoolhouse or Dame School presumably located in either \u003cgeogname\u003ePhiladelphia\u003c/geogname\u003e or \u003cgeogname\u003eNew York City\u003c/geogname\u003e between \u003cdate\u003e1786\u003c/date\u003e and \u003cdate\u003e1787\u003c/date\u003e. While attending, she developed an Exercise or Cypher Book, which accumulated her mathematics work throughout the academic year. Details of Sally Brown's life, along with that of her instructor, before and after the creation of the Exercise Book are not currently known.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough the circumstances of Sally Brown's education are unclear, it is possible that she was preparing for skills relevant to the commercial world of the time. The Exercise Book's emphasis on the practical uses of mathematics, like measuring alcohol, silver, and grain, demonstrates an essential knowledge base young people needed to participate in the mercantile economies of early American cities. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eReverend Thomas Dilworth\u003c/persname\u003e's The Schoolmaster's Assistant, which Brown's instructor used to create word problems and explain mathematical processes in her Exercise Book, was among the most popular teaching texts in America from its first American printing in \u003cdate\u003e1769\u003c/date\u003e until around \u003cdate\u003e1850\u003c/date\u003e. As Dilworth's book was British in origin, many of his word problems, along with topics of measurement and currency, relied on British systems such as the Pound Sterling, Troy Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, and Winchester Measure. In 1786 and 1787, \u003cgeogname\u003eAmerica\u003c/geogname\u003e had begun legislation that would culminate in the minting of a central currency, but coins would not come to market until at least \u003cdate\u003e1792\u003c/date\u003e, leaving Americans to use predominantly foreign ones such as the Pound Sterling, \u003clanguage\u003eSpanish\u003c/language\u003e Dollar, and \u003clanguage\u003eFrench\u003c/language\u003e Livre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 18th century America, formal education for girls was relatively rare outside of upper-class families, where instruction predominantly covered subjects like philosophy, foreign languages, and household management. Larger towns often had schoolhouses with separate classrooms or designated hours of instruction for female students. However, Dame schools—primary education institutions taught by older women or retired soldiers in the instructor's home—were among the only options available to middle-class boys and girls to learn basic skills like arithmetic and spelling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe paper cover wrapper's watermark, a Dutch emblem with the words Pro Patria, a lion, and the \"Maid of Dort,\" indicates that the exercise book's paper may have been imported or based on Dutch designs. Pro Patria, which translates to \"For the Fatherland\" in \u003clanguage\u003eLatin\u003c/language\u003e, frequently appeared alongside the \"Maid of Dort,\" a national symbol connected to Dordrecht, the oldest city in \u003cgeogname\u003eHolland\u003c/geogname\u003e. Some American paper mills reproduced the Dutch Pro Patria imprint after the American Revolutionary War, exemplified by letter paper produced at a mill in \u003cgeogname\u003eRichmond, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, and used by \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Jefferson\u003c/persname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResource List:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBarrett, Timothy. \"Early European Papers: Contemporary Conservation and Craft Use.\" The Book and Paper Group Annual 16 (1997). Accessed July 15, 2025. https://cool.culturalheritage.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-13.html. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarris, Emily Anne. (2023, March). A quiet revolution: Exploring eighteenth‑century women's education through Sally Franklin and Polly Stevenson. Benjamin Franklin House. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://benjaminfranklinhouse.org/a-quiet-revolution-exploring-eighteenth-century-womens-education-through-sally-franklin-and-polly-stevenson/. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026amp;action=GET\u0026amp;RECID=2273. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKarpinski, Louis Charles, \u0026amp; Shenton, Walter Francis. (1940). Bibliography of mathematical works printed in America through 1850. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Listings – Watermark and Countermark Library.\" National Gallery of Australia. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://nga.gov.au/art-artists/conservation/whistlers-watermarks/listings-watermark-and-countermark-library/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMadigan, Jennifer C. (2009). The education of women and girls in the United States: A historical perspective. Advances in Gender and Education, 1, 11–13.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePalmer, Amy Susan. (2017). If Not for Her Sex: The Mysterious Education of American Women, 1750–1850 (Master's thesis). University of Minnesota.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Patterns in Paper: An Introduction to Watermarks Found within Record Office Collections.\" NYCRO Blog, March 14, 2023. https://nycroblog.com/2023/03/14/patterns-in-paper-an-introduction-to-watermarks-found-within-record-office-collections/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Artistry of Learning Math: The Ellerton \u0026amp; Clements Cyphering‑Book Collection. (2022, April). Manuscripts, Library of Congress Blogs. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://blogs.loc.gov/manuscripts/2022/04/the-artistry-of-learning-math-the-ellerton-clements-cyphering-book-collection/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Currency Education Program. \"History of U.S. Currency.\" U.S. Currency Education Program. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://www.uscurrency.gov/history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWinterthur Museum, Garden \u0026amp; Library. (n.d.). Exercise and cyphering books. Digital Collections. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://digitalcollections.winterthur.org/collections/exercise-and-cyphering-books?utm_source=chatgpt.com.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, 1780. Box 3, #1198 V5-10. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Sally Brown  attended a schoolhouse or Dame School presumably located in either  Philadelphia  or  New York City  between  1786  and  1787 . While attending, she developed an Exercise or Cypher Book, which accumulated her mathematics work throughout the academic year. Details of Sally Brown's life, along with that of her instructor, before and after the creation of the Exercise Book are not currently known.","Although the circumstances of Sally Brown's education are unclear, it is possible that she was preparing for skills relevant to the commercial world of the time. The Exercise Book's emphasis on the practical uses of mathematics, like measuring alcohol, silver, and grain, demonstrates an essential knowledge base young people needed to participate in the mercantile economies of early American cities. ","Reverend Thomas Dilworth 's The Schoolmaster's Assistant, which Brown's instructor used to create word problems and explain mathematical processes in her Exercise Book, was among the most popular teaching texts in America from its first American printing in  1769  until around  1850 . As Dilworth's book was British in origin, many of his word problems, along with topics of measurement and currency, relied on British systems such as the Pound Sterling, Troy Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, and Winchester Measure. In 1786 and 1787,  America  had begun legislation that would culminate in the minting of a central currency, but coins would not come to market until at least  1792 , leaving Americans to use predominantly foreign ones such as the Pound Sterling,  Spanish  Dollar, and  French  Livre.","In 18th century America, formal education for girls was relatively rare outside of upper-class families, where instruction predominantly covered subjects like philosophy, foreign languages, and household management. Larger towns often had schoolhouses with separate classrooms or designated hours of instruction for female students. However, Dame schools—primary education institutions taught by older women or retired soldiers in the instructor's home—were among the only options available to middle-class boys and girls to learn basic skills like arithmetic and spelling.","The paper cover wrapper's watermark, a Dutch emblem with the words Pro Patria, a lion, and the \"Maid of Dort,\" indicates that the exercise book's paper may have been imported or based on Dutch designs. Pro Patria, which translates to \"For the Fatherland\" in  Latin , frequently appeared alongside the \"Maid of Dort,\" a national symbol connected to Dordrecht, the oldest city in  Holland . Some American paper mills reproduced the Dutch Pro Patria imprint after the American Revolutionary War, exemplified by letter paper produced at a mill in  Richmond, Virginia , and used by  Thomas Jefferson .","Resource List:","Barrett, Timothy. \"Early European Papers: Contemporary Conservation and Craft Use.\" The Book and Paper Group Annual 16 (1997). Accessed July 15, 2025. https://cool.culturalheritage.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-13.html. ","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. ","Harris, Emily Anne. (2023, March). A quiet revolution: Exploring eighteenth‑century women's education through Sally Franklin and Polly Stevenson. Benjamin Franklin House. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://benjaminfranklinhouse.org/a-quiet-revolution-exploring-eighteenth-century-womens-education-through-sally-franklin-and-polly-stevenson/. ","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273. ","Karpinski, Louis Charles, \u0026 Shenton, Walter Francis. (1940). Bibliography of mathematical works printed in America through 1850. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.","\"Listings – Watermark and Countermark Library.\" National Gallery of Australia. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://nga.gov.au/art-artists/conservation/whistlers-watermarks/listings-watermark-and-countermark-library/.","Madigan, Jennifer C. (2009). The education of women and girls in the United States: A historical perspective. Advances in Gender and Education, 1, 11–13.","Palmer, Amy Susan. (2017). If Not for Her Sex: The Mysterious Education of American Women, 1750–1850 (Master's thesis). University of Minnesota.","\"Patterns in Paper: An Introduction to Watermarks Found within Record Office Collections.\" NYCRO Blog, March 14, 2023. https://nycroblog.com/2023/03/14/patterns-in-paper-an-introduction-to-watermarks-found-within-record-office-collections/.","The Artistry of Learning Math: The Ellerton \u0026 Clements Cyphering‑Book Collection. (2022, April). Manuscripts, Library of Congress Blogs. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://blogs.loc.gov/manuscripts/2022/04/the-artistry-of-learning-math-the-ellerton-clements-cyphering-book-collection/.","U.S. Currency Education Program. \"History of U.S. Currency.\" U.S. Currency Education Program. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://www.uscurrency.gov/history.","Winterthur Museum, Garden \u0026 Library. (n.d.). Exercise and cyphering books. Digital Collections. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://digitalcollections.winterthur.org/collections/exercise-and-cyphering-books?utm_source=chatgpt.com.","Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, 1780. Box 3, #1198 V5-10. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16911, Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16911, Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one Exercise or Cypher Book created by \u003cpersname\u003eSally Brown\u003c/persname\u003e for a classroom environment in the United States of America between \u003cdate\u003e1786\u003c/date\u003e and \u003cdate\u003e1787\u003c/date\u003e. It demonstrates basic mathematical and measurement disciplines specifically geared toward a future of work in a mercantile economy. Various 18th century mathematical procedures and some proofs are showcased throughout the Exercise Book.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExercise Books were common tools for instruction in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They served as workbooks and personal mathematical records, typically showcasing the student's penmanship and understanding of arithmetic. Exercise Books were often kept into adulthood as references for everyday tasks requiring mathematics, spelling, or other subjects, especially for those without access to personal libraries. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBrown's instructor, who is not named in the document, developed instruction and mathematical problems for the Exercise Book that were copied largely from \u003coccupation\u003eReverend\u003c/occupation\u003e \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Dilworth\u003c/persname\u003e's \"The Schoolmaster's Assistant,\" though some are their original creation. For example, word problems engaging the student to measure how many buckles could be made of an amount of silver do not appear in Dilworth's original text. On the other hand, the subtraction problem, \"King Charles was beheaded in the year \u003cdate\u003e1648\u003c/date\u003e. How many years is it since?\", was paraphrased from his work.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIts topic headings and descriptions are copied in order directly from Dilworth, and include Compound Addition, Money, Apothecary Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, Apothecaries Weight, Long Measure, Cloth Measure, Land Measure, Liquid Measure, Wine Measure, Winchester Measure, Dry Measure, as well as Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Reduction, and the Single Rule of Three Direct, among others.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA section on the \"Exchange of Mony\" indicates that the Exercise Book was created in either \u003cgeogname\u003eNew York\u003c/geogname\u003e or \u003cgeogname\u003ePhiladelphia\u003c/geogname\u003e. The Exercise Book specifically illustrates problems defining exchange rates between \"Lawful Money,\" \"York Currency,\" \"Sterling,\" \"New York Money,\" and \"Philadelphia Mony.\" A Dutch-style watermark on the back leaf of the cover wrapper suggests that its paper had been either imported or molded after European examples.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSally Brown's name and signature appear three times in the item, though only one personal annotation was made; beside a division proof she writes, \"...it proves I have not time to get a damn proof[.] I mean that.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResourse List:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDilworth, Thomas. (1783). \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth\u003c/emph\u003e. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMemory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium\u003c/emph\u003e. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026amp;action=GET\u0026amp;RECID=2273. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one Exercise or Cypher Book created by  Sally Brown  for a classroom environment in the United States of America between  1786  and  1787 . It demonstrates basic mathematical and measurement disciplines specifically geared toward a future of work in a mercantile economy. Various 18th century mathematical procedures and some proofs are showcased throughout the Exercise Book.  ","Exercise Books were common tools for instruction in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They served as workbooks and personal mathematical records, typically showcasing the student's penmanship and understanding of arithmetic. Exercise Books were often kept into adulthood as references for everyday tasks requiring mathematics, spelling, or other subjects, especially for those without access to personal libraries. ","Brown's instructor, who is not named in the document, developed instruction and mathematical problems for the Exercise Book that were copied largely from  Reverend Thomas Dilworth 's \"The Schoolmaster's Assistant,\" though some are their original creation. For example, word problems engaging the student to measure how many buckles could be made of an amount of silver do not appear in Dilworth's original text. On the other hand, the subtraction problem, \"King Charles was beheaded in the year  1648 . How many years is it since?\", was paraphrased from his work.  ","Its topic headings and descriptions are copied in order directly from Dilworth, and include Compound Addition, Money, Apothecary Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, Apothecaries Weight, Long Measure, Cloth Measure, Land Measure, Liquid Measure, Wine Measure, Winchester Measure, Dry Measure, as well as Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Reduction, and the Single Rule of Three Direct, among others.  ","A section on the \"Exchange of Mony\" indicates that the Exercise Book was created in either  New York  or  Philadelphia . The Exercise Book specifically illustrates problems defining exchange rates between \"Lawful Money,\" \"York Currency,\" \"Sterling,\" \"New York Money,\" and \"Philadelphia Mony.\" A Dutch-style watermark on the back leaf of the cover wrapper suggests that its paper had been either imported or molded after European examples.  ","Sally Brown's name and signature appear three times in the item, though only one personal annotation was made; beside a division proof she writes, \"...it proves I have not time to get a damn proof[.] I mean that.\" ","Resourse List:","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783).  The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth . London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. ","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\"  Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium . Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:44:00.933Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1797","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1797.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/226410","title_filing_ssi":"Brown, Sally Math Exercise Book","title_ssm":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book"],"title_tesim":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1786-1787"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1787"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16911","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1797"],"text":["MSS 16911","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1797","Sally Brown Math Exercise Book","Women -- Education","Mathematics","Arithmetic -- History -- 18th century","Units of measurement","handbooks","Fair. Brittle pages. Handle with care.","This collection is open for research use.","Sally Brown  attended a schoolhouse or Dame School presumably located in either  Philadelphia  or  New York City  between  1786  and  1787 . While attending, she developed an Exercise or Cypher Book, which accumulated her mathematics work throughout the academic year. Details of Sally Brown's life, along with that of her instructor, before and after the creation of the Exercise Book are not currently known.","Although the circumstances of Sally Brown's education are unclear, it is possible that she was preparing for skills relevant to the commercial world of the time. The Exercise Book's emphasis on the practical uses of mathematics, like measuring alcohol, silver, and grain, demonstrates an essential knowledge base young people needed to participate in the mercantile economies of early American cities. ","Reverend Thomas Dilworth 's The Schoolmaster's Assistant, which Brown's instructor used to create word problems and explain mathematical processes in her Exercise Book, was among the most popular teaching texts in America from its first American printing in  1769  until around  1850 . As Dilworth's book was British in origin, many of his word problems, along with topics of measurement and currency, relied on British systems such as the Pound Sterling, Troy Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, and Winchester Measure. In 1786 and 1787,  America  had begun legislation that would culminate in the minting of a central currency, but coins would not come to market until at least  1792 , leaving Americans to use predominantly foreign ones such as the Pound Sterling,  Spanish  Dollar, and  French  Livre.","In 18th century America, formal education for girls was relatively rare outside of upper-class families, where instruction predominantly covered subjects like philosophy, foreign languages, and household management. Larger towns often had schoolhouses with separate classrooms or designated hours of instruction for female students. However, Dame schools—primary education institutions taught by older women or retired soldiers in the instructor's home—were among the only options available to middle-class boys and girls to learn basic skills like arithmetic and spelling.","The paper cover wrapper's watermark, a Dutch emblem with the words Pro Patria, a lion, and the \"Maid of Dort,\" indicates that the exercise book's paper may have been imported or based on Dutch designs. Pro Patria, which translates to \"For the Fatherland\" in  Latin , frequently appeared alongside the \"Maid of Dort,\" a national symbol connected to Dordrecht, the oldest city in  Holland . Some American paper mills reproduced the Dutch Pro Patria imprint after the American Revolutionary War, exemplified by letter paper produced at a mill in  Richmond, Virginia , and used by  Thomas Jefferson .","Resource List:","Barrett, Timothy. \"Early European Papers: Contemporary Conservation and Craft Use.\" The Book and Paper Group Annual 16 (1997). Accessed July 15, 2025. https://cool.culturalheritage.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-13.html. ","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. ","Harris, Emily Anne. (2023, March). A quiet revolution: Exploring eighteenth‑century women's education through Sally Franklin and Polly Stevenson. Benjamin Franklin House. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://benjaminfranklinhouse.org/a-quiet-revolution-exploring-eighteenth-century-womens-education-through-sally-franklin-and-polly-stevenson/. ","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273. ","Karpinski, Louis Charles, \u0026 Shenton, Walter Francis. (1940). Bibliography of mathematical works printed in America through 1850. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.","\"Listings – Watermark and Countermark Library.\" National Gallery of Australia. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://nga.gov.au/art-artists/conservation/whistlers-watermarks/listings-watermark-and-countermark-library/.","Madigan, Jennifer C. (2009). The education of women and girls in the United States: A historical perspective. Advances in Gender and Education, 1, 11–13.","Palmer, Amy Susan. (2017). If Not for Her Sex: The Mysterious Education of American Women, 1750–1850 (Master's thesis). University of Minnesota.","\"Patterns in Paper: An Introduction to Watermarks Found within Record Office Collections.\" NYCRO Blog, March 14, 2023. https://nycroblog.com/2023/03/14/patterns-in-paper-an-introduction-to-watermarks-found-within-record-office-collections/.","The Artistry of Learning Math: The Ellerton \u0026 Clements Cyphering‑Book Collection. (2022, April). Manuscripts, Library of Congress Blogs. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://blogs.loc.gov/manuscripts/2022/04/the-artistry-of-learning-math-the-ellerton-clements-cyphering-book-collection/.","U.S. Currency Education Program. \"History of U.S. Currency.\" U.S. Currency Education Program. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://www.uscurrency.gov/history.","Winterthur Museum, Garden \u0026 Library. (n.d.). Exercise and cyphering books. Digital Collections. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://digitalcollections.winterthur.org/collections/exercise-and-cyphering-books?utm_source=chatgpt.com.","Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, 1780. Box 3, #1198 V5-10. ","This collection contains one Exercise or Cypher Book created by  Sally Brown  for a classroom environment in the United States of America between  1786  and  1787 . It demonstrates basic mathematical and measurement disciplines specifically geared toward a future of work in a mercantile economy. Various 18th century mathematical procedures and some proofs are showcased throughout the Exercise Book.  ","Exercise Books were common tools for instruction in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They served as workbooks and personal mathematical records, typically showcasing the student's penmanship and understanding of arithmetic. Exercise Books were often kept into adulthood as references for everyday tasks requiring mathematics, spelling, or other subjects, especially for those without access to personal libraries. ","Brown's instructor, who is not named in the document, developed instruction and mathematical problems for the Exercise Book that were copied largely from  Reverend Thomas Dilworth 's \"The Schoolmaster's Assistant,\" though some are their original creation. For example, word problems engaging the student to measure how many buckles could be made of an amount of silver do not appear in Dilworth's original text. On the other hand, the subtraction problem, \"King Charles was beheaded in the year  1648 . How many years is it since?\", was paraphrased from his work.  ","Its topic headings and descriptions are copied in order directly from Dilworth, and include Compound Addition, Money, Apothecary Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, Apothecaries Weight, Long Measure, Cloth Measure, Land Measure, Liquid Measure, Wine Measure, Winchester Measure, Dry Measure, as well as Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Reduction, and the Single Rule of Three Direct, among others.  ","A section on the \"Exchange of Mony\" indicates that the Exercise Book was created in either  New York  or  Philadelphia . The Exercise Book specifically illustrates problems defining exchange rates between \"Lawful Money,\" \"York Currency,\" \"Sterling,\" \"New York Money,\" and \"Philadelphia Mony.\" A Dutch-style watermark on the back leaf of the cover wrapper suggests that its paper had been either imported or molded after European examples.  ","Sally Brown's name and signature appear three times in the item, though only one personal annotation was made; beside a division proof she writes, \"...it proves I have not time to get a damn proof[.] I mean that.\" ","Resourse List:","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783).  The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth . London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. ","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\"  Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium . Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273. ","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16911","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1797"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book"],"collection_ssim":["Sally Brown Math Exercise Book"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased with the Robert and Virginia Tunstall Trust Fund, 2023/2024. Acquired by Krystal Appiah, 18 July 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Education","Mathematics","Arithmetic -- History -- 18th century","Units of measurement","handbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Education","Mathematics","Arithmetic -- History -- 18th century","Units of measurement","handbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair. Brittle pages. Handle with care."],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet 1 volume in 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet 1 volume in 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["handbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eSally Brown\u003c/persname\u003e attended a schoolhouse or Dame School presumably located in either \u003cgeogname\u003ePhiladelphia\u003c/geogname\u003e or \u003cgeogname\u003eNew York City\u003c/geogname\u003e between \u003cdate\u003e1786\u003c/date\u003e and \u003cdate\u003e1787\u003c/date\u003e. While attending, she developed an Exercise or Cypher Book, which accumulated her mathematics work throughout the academic year. Details of Sally Brown's life, along with that of her instructor, before and after the creation of the Exercise Book are not currently known.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough the circumstances of Sally Brown's education are unclear, it is possible that she was preparing for skills relevant to the commercial world of the time. The Exercise Book's emphasis on the practical uses of mathematics, like measuring alcohol, silver, and grain, demonstrates an essential knowledge base young people needed to participate in the mercantile economies of early American cities. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eReverend Thomas Dilworth\u003c/persname\u003e's The Schoolmaster's Assistant, which Brown's instructor used to create word problems and explain mathematical processes in her Exercise Book, was among the most popular teaching texts in America from its first American printing in \u003cdate\u003e1769\u003c/date\u003e until around \u003cdate\u003e1850\u003c/date\u003e. As Dilworth's book was British in origin, many of his word problems, along with topics of measurement and currency, relied on British systems such as the Pound Sterling, Troy Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, and Winchester Measure. In 1786 and 1787, \u003cgeogname\u003eAmerica\u003c/geogname\u003e had begun legislation that would culminate in the minting of a central currency, but coins would not come to market until at least \u003cdate\u003e1792\u003c/date\u003e, leaving Americans to use predominantly foreign ones such as the Pound Sterling, \u003clanguage\u003eSpanish\u003c/language\u003e Dollar, and \u003clanguage\u003eFrench\u003c/language\u003e Livre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 18th century America, formal education for girls was relatively rare outside of upper-class families, where instruction predominantly covered subjects like philosophy, foreign languages, and household management. Larger towns often had schoolhouses with separate classrooms or designated hours of instruction for female students. However, Dame schools—primary education institutions taught by older women or retired soldiers in the instructor's home—were among the only options available to middle-class boys and girls to learn basic skills like arithmetic and spelling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe paper cover wrapper's watermark, a Dutch emblem with the words Pro Patria, a lion, and the \"Maid of Dort,\" indicates that the exercise book's paper may have been imported or based on Dutch designs. Pro Patria, which translates to \"For the Fatherland\" in \u003clanguage\u003eLatin\u003c/language\u003e, frequently appeared alongside the \"Maid of Dort,\" a national symbol connected to Dordrecht, the oldest city in \u003cgeogname\u003eHolland\u003c/geogname\u003e. Some American paper mills reproduced the Dutch Pro Patria imprint after the American Revolutionary War, exemplified by letter paper produced at a mill in \u003cgeogname\u003eRichmond, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, and used by \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Jefferson\u003c/persname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResource List:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBarrett, Timothy. \"Early European Papers: Contemporary Conservation and Craft Use.\" The Book and Paper Group Annual 16 (1997). Accessed July 15, 2025. https://cool.culturalheritage.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-13.html. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarris, Emily Anne. (2023, March). A quiet revolution: Exploring eighteenth‑century women's education through Sally Franklin and Polly Stevenson. Benjamin Franklin House. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://benjaminfranklinhouse.org/a-quiet-revolution-exploring-eighteenth-century-womens-education-through-sally-franklin-and-polly-stevenson/. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026amp;action=GET\u0026amp;RECID=2273. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKarpinski, Louis Charles, \u0026amp; Shenton, Walter Francis. (1940). Bibliography of mathematical works printed in America through 1850. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Listings – Watermark and Countermark Library.\" National Gallery of Australia. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://nga.gov.au/art-artists/conservation/whistlers-watermarks/listings-watermark-and-countermark-library/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMadigan, Jennifer C. (2009). The education of women and girls in the United States: A historical perspective. Advances in Gender and Education, 1, 11–13.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePalmer, Amy Susan. (2017). If Not for Her Sex: The Mysterious Education of American Women, 1750–1850 (Master's thesis). University of Minnesota.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Patterns in Paper: An Introduction to Watermarks Found within Record Office Collections.\" NYCRO Blog, March 14, 2023. https://nycroblog.com/2023/03/14/patterns-in-paper-an-introduction-to-watermarks-found-within-record-office-collections/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Artistry of Learning Math: The Ellerton \u0026amp; Clements Cyphering‑Book Collection. (2022, April). Manuscripts, Library of Congress Blogs. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://blogs.loc.gov/manuscripts/2022/04/the-artistry-of-learning-math-the-ellerton-clements-cyphering-book-collection/.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Currency Education Program. \"History of U.S. Currency.\" U.S. Currency Education Program. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://www.uscurrency.gov/history.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWinterthur Museum, Garden \u0026amp; Library. (n.d.). Exercise and cyphering books. Digital Collections. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://digitalcollections.winterthur.org/collections/exercise-and-cyphering-books?utm_source=chatgpt.com.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, 1780. Box 3, #1198 V5-10. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Sally Brown  attended a schoolhouse or Dame School presumably located in either  Philadelphia  or  New York City  between  1786  and  1787 . While attending, she developed an Exercise or Cypher Book, which accumulated her mathematics work throughout the academic year. Details of Sally Brown's life, along with that of her instructor, before and after the creation of the Exercise Book are not currently known.","Although the circumstances of Sally Brown's education are unclear, it is possible that she was preparing for skills relevant to the commercial world of the time. The Exercise Book's emphasis on the practical uses of mathematics, like measuring alcohol, silver, and grain, demonstrates an essential knowledge base young people needed to participate in the mercantile economies of early American cities. ","Reverend Thomas Dilworth 's The Schoolmaster's Assistant, which Brown's instructor used to create word problems and explain mathematical processes in her Exercise Book, was among the most popular teaching texts in America from its first American printing in  1769  until around  1850 . As Dilworth's book was British in origin, many of his word problems, along with topics of measurement and currency, relied on British systems such as the Pound Sterling, Troy Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, and Winchester Measure. In 1786 and 1787,  America  had begun legislation that would culminate in the minting of a central currency, but coins would not come to market until at least  1792 , leaving Americans to use predominantly foreign ones such as the Pound Sterling,  Spanish  Dollar, and  French  Livre.","In 18th century America, formal education for girls was relatively rare outside of upper-class families, where instruction predominantly covered subjects like philosophy, foreign languages, and household management. Larger towns often had schoolhouses with separate classrooms or designated hours of instruction for female students. However, Dame schools—primary education institutions taught by older women or retired soldiers in the instructor's home—were among the only options available to middle-class boys and girls to learn basic skills like arithmetic and spelling.","The paper cover wrapper's watermark, a Dutch emblem with the words Pro Patria, a lion, and the \"Maid of Dort,\" indicates that the exercise book's paper may have been imported or based on Dutch designs. Pro Patria, which translates to \"For the Fatherland\" in  Latin , frequently appeared alongside the \"Maid of Dort,\" a national symbol connected to Dordrecht, the oldest city in  Holland . Some American paper mills reproduced the Dutch Pro Patria imprint after the American Revolutionary War, exemplified by letter paper produced at a mill in  Richmond, Virginia , and used by  Thomas Jefferson .","Resource List:","Barrett, Timothy. \"Early European Papers: Contemporary Conservation and Craft Use.\" The Book and Paper Group Annual 16 (1997). Accessed July 15, 2025. https://cool.culturalheritage.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v16/bp16-13.html. ","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783). The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. ","Harris, Emily Anne. (2023, March). A quiet revolution: Exploring eighteenth‑century women's education through Sally Franklin and Polly Stevenson. Benjamin Franklin House. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://benjaminfranklinhouse.org/a-quiet-revolution-exploring-eighteenth-century-womens-education-through-sally-franklin-and-polly-stevenson/. ","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273. ","Karpinski, Louis Charles, \u0026 Shenton, Walter Francis. (1940). Bibliography of mathematical works printed in America through 1850. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.","\"Listings – Watermark and Countermark Library.\" National Gallery of Australia. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://nga.gov.au/art-artists/conservation/whistlers-watermarks/listings-watermark-and-countermark-library/.","Madigan, Jennifer C. (2009). The education of women and girls in the United States: A historical perspective. Advances in Gender and Education, 1, 11–13.","Palmer, Amy Susan. (2017). If Not for Her Sex: The Mysterious Education of American Women, 1750–1850 (Master's thesis). University of Minnesota.","\"Patterns in Paper: An Introduction to Watermarks Found within Record Office Collections.\" NYCRO Blog, March 14, 2023. https://nycroblog.com/2023/03/14/patterns-in-paper-an-introduction-to-watermarks-found-within-record-office-collections/.","The Artistry of Learning Math: The Ellerton \u0026 Clements Cyphering‑Book Collection. (2022, April). Manuscripts, Library of Congress Blogs. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://blogs.loc.gov/manuscripts/2022/04/the-artistry-of-learning-math-the-ellerton-clements-cyphering-book-collection/.","U.S. Currency Education Program. \"History of U.S. Currency.\" U.S. Currency Education Program. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://www.uscurrency.gov/history.","Winterthur Museum, Garden \u0026 Library. (n.d.). Exercise and cyphering books. Digital Collections. Accessed July 10, 2025. https://digitalcollections.winterthur.org/collections/exercise-and-cyphering-books?utm_source=chatgpt.com.","Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson Papers. Library of Congress, 1780. Box 3, #1198 V5-10. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16911, Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16911, Sally Brown Math Exercise Book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one Exercise or Cypher Book created by \u003cpersname\u003eSally Brown\u003c/persname\u003e for a classroom environment in the United States of America between \u003cdate\u003e1786\u003c/date\u003e and \u003cdate\u003e1787\u003c/date\u003e. It demonstrates basic mathematical and measurement disciplines specifically geared toward a future of work in a mercantile economy. Various 18th century mathematical procedures and some proofs are showcased throughout the Exercise Book.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExercise Books were common tools for instruction in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They served as workbooks and personal mathematical records, typically showcasing the student's penmanship and understanding of arithmetic. Exercise Books were often kept into adulthood as references for everyday tasks requiring mathematics, spelling, or other subjects, especially for those without access to personal libraries. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBrown's instructor, who is not named in the document, developed instruction and mathematical problems for the Exercise Book that were copied largely from \u003coccupation\u003eReverend\u003c/occupation\u003e \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Dilworth\u003c/persname\u003e's \"The Schoolmaster's Assistant,\" though some are their original creation. For example, word problems engaging the student to measure how many buckles could be made of an amount of silver do not appear in Dilworth's original text. On the other hand, the subtraction problem, \"King Charles was beheaded in the year \u003cdate\u003e1648\u003c/date\u003e. How many years is it since?\", was paraphrased from his work.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIts topic headings and descriptions are copied in order directly from Dilworth, and include Compound Addition, Money, Apothecary Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, Apothecaries Weight, Long Measure, Cloth Measure, Land Measure, Liquid Measure, Wine Measure, Winchester Measure, Dry Measure, as well as Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Reduction, and the Single Rule of Three Direct, among others.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA section on the \"Exchange of Mony\" indicates that the Exercise Book was created in either \u003cgeogname\u003eNew York\u003c/geogname\u003e or \u003cgeogname\u003ePhiladelphia\u003c/geogname\u003e. The Exercise Book specifically illustrates problems defining exchange rates between \"Lawful Money,\" \"York Currency,\" \"Sterling,\" \"New York Money,\" and \"Philadelphia Mony.\" A Dutch-style watermark on the back leaf of the cover wrapper suggests that its paper had been either imported or molded after European examples.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSally Brown's name and signature appear three times in the item, though only one personal annotation was made; beside a division proof she writes, \"...it proves I have not time to get a damn proof[.] I mean that.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResourse List:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDilworth, Thomas. (1783). \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth\u003c/emph\u003e. London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMemory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium\u003c/emph\u003e. Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026amp;action=GET\u0026amp;RECID=2273. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one Exercise or Cypher Book created by  Sally Brown  for a classroom environment in the United States of America between  1786  and  1787 . It demonstrates basic mathematical and measurement disciplines specifically geared toward a future of work in a mercantile economy. Various 18th century mathematical procedures and some proofs are showcased throughout the Exercise Book.  ","Exercise Books were common tools for instruction in the 18th and early 19th centuries. They served as workbooks and personal mathematical records, typically showcasing the student's penmanship and understanding of arithmetic. Exercise Books were often kept into adulthood as references for everyday tasks requiring mathematics, spelling, or other subjects, especially for those without access to personal libraries. ","Brown's instructor, who is not named in the document, developed instruction and mathematical problems for the Exercise Book that were copied largely from  Reverend Thomas Dilworth 's \"The Schoolmaster's Assistant,\" though some are their original creation. For example, word problems engaging the student to measure how many buckles could be made of an amount of silver do not appear in Dilworth's original text. On the other hand, the subtraction problem, \"King Charles was beheaded in the year  1648 . How many years is it since?\", was paraphrased from his work.  ","Its topic headings and descriptions are copied in order directly from Dilworth, and include Compound Addition, Money, Apothecary Weight, Avoirdupois Weight, Apothecaries Weight, Long Measure, Cloth Measure, Land Measure, Liquid Measure, Wine Measure, Winchester Measure, Dry Measure, as well as Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, Reduction, and the Single Rule of Three Direct, among others.  ","A section on the \"Exchange of Mony\" indicates that the Exercise Book was created in either  New York  or  Philadelphia . The Exercise Book specifically illustrates problems defining exchange rates between \"Lawful Money,\" \"York Currency,\" \"Sterling,\" \"New York Money,\" and \"Philadelphia Mony.\" A Dutch-style watermark on the back leaf of the cover wrapper suggests that its paper had been either imported or molded after European examples.  ","Sally Brown's name and signature appear three times in the item, though only one personal annotation was made; beside a division proof she writes, \"...it proves I have not time to get a damn proof[.] I mean that.\" ","Resourse List:","Dilworth, Thomas. (1783).  The Schoolmasters Assistant: Being a Compendium of Arithmetic, Both Practical and Theoretical. In Five Parts ... To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay On the Education of Youth . London: Printed and sold by R. and H. Causton. ","\"Gravell Watermark Archive Record #2273.\"  Memory of Paper, Bernstein Consortium . Accessed July 15, 2025. https://memoryofpaper.eu/gravell/record.php?\u0026action=GET\u0026RECID=2273. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Sally Brown","Thomas Dilworth","Reverend Thomas Dilworth","Thomas Jefferson"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:44:00.933Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1797"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2649","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2649#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Burger, Samuel, 1820-1889","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2649#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection includes a mathematics notebook containing equations and work problems from Samuel Burger of Botetourt County, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2649#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2649","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2649","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2649","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2649","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2649.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Burger, Samuel, Mathematics Notebook","title_ssm":["Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook"],"title_tesim":["Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857?"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1857?"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2011.009"],"text":["Ms.2011.009","Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Mathematics","The collection is open for research.","Samuel Burger (1820-1889) of Botetourt County, Virginia, was a captain in the Confederate army and served as an aide for Jefferson Davis during the American Civil War. He also served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1877 to 1879 and was Botetourt's County Surveyor from 1870 until his death in 1889. In addition, he was a teacher and farmer.","The guide to the Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook was completed in January 2011.","The collection consists of a handwritten notebook with math equations and problems from Botetourt County, Virginia, created around 1857. A majority of the problems are algebratic equations but there are also a number of word problems included. A signature on the inside cover reads Samuel Burger.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection includes a mathematics notebook containing equations and work problems from Samuel Burger of Botetourt County, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Burger, Samuel, 1820-1889","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2011.009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Burger, Samuel, 1820-1889"],"creator_ssim":["Burger, Samuel, 1820-1889"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Burger, Samuel, 1820-1889"],"creators_ssim":["Burger, Samuel, 1820-1889"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Mathematics"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Mathematics"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1857],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Burger (1820-1889) of Botetourt County, Virginia, was a captain in the Confederate army and served as an aide for Jefferson Davis during the American Civil War. He also served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1877 to 1879 and was Botetourt's County Surveyor from 1870 until his death in 1889. In addition, he was a teacher and farmer.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Burger (1820-1889) of Botetourt County, Virginia, was a captain in the Confederate army and served as an aide for Jefferson Davis during the American Civil War. He also served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1877 to 1879 and was Botetourt's County Surveyor from 1870 until his death in 1889. In addition, he was a teacher and farmer."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook, Ms2011-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook, Ms2011-009, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook was completed in January 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Samuel Burger Mathematics Notebook was completed in January 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of a handwritten notebook with math equations and problems from Botetourt County, Virginia, created around 1857. A majority of the problems are algebratic equations but there are also a number of word problems included. A signature on the inside cover reads Samuel Burger.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of a handwritten notebook with math equations and problems from Botetourt County, Virginia, created around 1857. A majority of the problems are algebratic equations but there are also a number of word problems included. A signature on the inside cover reads Samuel Burger."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. 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